Thematische Bibliographien / Gas-liquid equilibrium

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Gas-liquid equilibrium“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 23. November 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Gas-liquid equilibrium"

Stringari, S., M. Barranco, A. Polls, P. J. Nacher und F. Laloë. „Spin-polarized 3He : liquid gas equilibrium“. Journal de Physique 48, Nr. 8 (1987): 1337–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphys:019870048080133700.

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YAMAMOTO, Takayuki, Norizumi MOTOOKA, Osamu MORI und Yoshihiro KISHINO. „Gas-Liquid Equilibrium Thruster of IKAROS“. TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES, AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY JAPAN 12, ists29 (2014): Tf_13—Tf_18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/tastj.12.tf_13.

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Librovich, Bronislav V., Andrzej F. Nowakowski, Issa Chaer und Savvas Tassou. „Non-equilibrium gas-liquid transition model“. PAMM 7, Nr. 1 (Dezember 2007): 2100029–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200700233.

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Xu, Hui. „The Research on SO₂ Desorption Equilibrium Mechanism of Sodium Alkali Desulfurization Regeneration Solution“. Advanced Materials Research 898 (Februar 2014): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.461.

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Sodium alkali flue gas desulfurization (FGD) is one of the most promising renewable FGD technologies, and the SO2 gases desorption in desulfurization regeneration solution is very important to directly affect its application. Based on the gas-liquid equilibrium relationships, this paper researched the equilibrium mechanism of SO2 desorption in the sodium alkali desulfurization regeneration solution. The results showed that SO2 desorption process is a mass transfer process that SO2 transfer from liquid phase to gas phase essentially, and SO2 desorption limit capacity depend mainly on the gas-liquid equilibrium relationship. Moreover, the formula of SO2 desorption limit capacity at equilibrium condition was deduced through analyzing desorption equilibrium relationships, and the main factors are also discussed.

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Percus, Jerome K. „Classical liquid-gas interface in thermal equilibrium“. Journal of Statistical Physics 78, Nr. 3-4 (Februar 1995): 1165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02183709.

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Clarke, Colin W., und David N. Glew. „Aqueous nonelectrolyte solutions. Part XV. The deuterium sulfide - deuterium oxide system and the deuterium sulfide D-hydrate“. Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, Nr. 8 (01.08.1998): 1119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-133.

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The univariant (l1l2g) saturation vapor pressure of liquid deuterium oxide (phase l1) with liquid deuterium sulfide (phase l2) in equilibrium with a gas phase (g) has been measured in a stirred titanium reaction vessel at 19 temperatures from 33.003 to 18.905°C and at total pressures from 2.4500 to 1.7428 MPa. The univariant (hl1g) saturation vapor pressure of deuterium sulfide D-hydrate (phase h) in equilibrium with liquid deuterium oxide and a gas phase has been measured at 58 temperatures from 30.666 to 2.798°C and at pressures from 2.2959 to 0.11629 MPa. The maximum temperature for deuterium sulfide D-hydrate with a gas phase, the invariant quadruple point Q(hl1l2g), has been determined from the cut of the (hl1g) and the (l1l2g) curves at temperature 30.770°C with standard error 0.0043°C and at pressure 2.3263 MPa with standard error 0.00018 MPa. The univariant (s1l1g) equilibrium of D-ice (phase s1) with liquid deuterium oxide and a gas phase containing deuterium sulfide has been measured at 11 temperatures from 3.8061 to 3.4540°C and at pressures between 0.00242 and 0.10542 MPa. The lowest temperature for stability of deuterium sulfide D-hydrate with liquid deuterium oxide, the invariant quadruple point Q(hs1l1g), has been determined directly at 3.3917°C with standard error 0.0009°C and at pressure 0.12364 MPa with standard error 0.000011 MPa. This quadruple point Q(hs1l1g) has also been defined by the cut of the (hl1g) and the (s1l1g) curves at temperature 3.3912°C with standard error 0.0006°C and at pressure 0.12363 MPa with standard error 0.000002 MPa. The deuterium sulfide - deuterium oxide gas mixture, represented by a Redlich-Kwong equation of state, has been used to evaluate the fugacities and compositions of the gaseous and liquid deuterium oxide phases for all equilibria. Raoult's law using fugacities has been used to evaluate the saturation mole fraction of deuterium oxide in liquid deuterium sulfide and the Henry's law constant for deuterium oxide solubility in liquid deuterium sulfide between 33.003 and 18.905°C. Data for the (l1l2g) and (s1l1g) equilibria have been accurately represented by simple two-parameter equations. Data for the (hl1g) equilibrium have required a model with seven significant parameters for proper representation betweem 30.666 and 2.798°C.Key words: deuterium sulfide - deuterium oxide system, clathrate D-hydrate of deuterium sulfide, deuterium sulfide D-hydrate stability, freezing of deuterium oxide - deuterium sulfide, phase equilibria of deuterium sulfide - deuterium oxide.

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Chen, Panpan, Guoen Li, Hongfei Guo und Ji Lin Cao. „Phase Equilibrium Study on the Quaternary System H₂O-Na₂SO₄-MgSO₄-C₃H₈ at 0°C and Pressure“. Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (Juli 2012): 2690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2690.

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In order to develop a new technology for separating the bloedite by the method of gas hydrate formation, the phase equilibrium of the H2O-Na2SO4-MgSO4-C3H8 system and its subsystems was studied at 0°C and pressure.The equilibrium pressure and the composition of solid and liquid above system were investigated.It was found that equilibrium pressure of gas hydrate formation was increasing with the increase of the Na2SO4( or MgSO4) concentration. The addition of anionic surfactant SDS helped to lower the equilibrium pressure of gas hydrate formation. The mother liquor amount entrained in the gas hydrate after liquid separation by sinking was very high when surfactants was not added. But the equilibrium pressure of gas hydrate formation and the mother liquor amount entrained in gas hydrate were decreased when surfactant was added to the system.

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Mathis, Hélène. „A thermodynamically consistent model of a liquid-vapor fluid with a gas“. ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis 53, Nr. 1 (Januar 2019): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/m2an/2018044.

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This work is devoted to the consistent modeling of a three-phase mixture of a gas, a liquid and its vapor. Since the gas and the vapor are miscible, the mixture is subjected to a non-symmetric constraint on the volume. Adopting the Gibbs formalism, the study of the extensive equilibrium entropy of the system allows to recover the Dalton’s law between the two gaseous phases. In addition, we distinguish whether phase transition occurs or not between the liquid and its vapor. The thermodynamical equilibria are described both in extensive and intensive variables. In the latter case, we focus on the geometrical properties of equilibrium entropy. The consistent characterization of the thermodynamics of the three-phase mixture is used to introduce two Homogeneous Equilibrium Models (HEM) depending on mass transfer is taking into account or not. Hyperbolicity is investigated while analyzing the entropy structure of the systems. Finally we propose two Homogeneous Relaxation Models (HRM) for the three-phase mixtures with and without phase transition. Supplementary equations on mass, volume and energy fractions are considered with appropriate source terms which model the relaxation towards the thermodynamical equilibrium, in agreement with entropy growth criterion.

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CHUJO, Toshihiro, Norizumi MOTOOKA, Takayuki YAMAMOTO und Osamu MORI. „Development of Bipropellant Gas-Liquid Equilibrium Propulsion System“. TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES, AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY JAPAN 14 (2016): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/tastj.14.9.

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Mitrovic, J. „Upon equilibrium of gas bubble in infinite liquid“. Chemical Engineering Science 55, Nr. 12 (Juni 2000): 2265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(99)00475-3.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Gas-liquid equilibrium"

Taylor, Donald Fulton. „Measurement of binary phase equilibria and ternary/quaternary gas antisolvent (GAS) system measurement and analysis“. Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07112004-194307/unrestricted/taylor%5Fonald%5Ff%5F200407%5FMS.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. Directed by Charles Eckert.
Charles Eckert, Committee Chair ; Amyn Teja, Committee Member ; Pete Ludovice, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.

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Gazawi, Ayman. „EVALUATING COSMO-RS FOR VAPOR LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM AND TURBOMOLE FOR IDEAL GAS PROPERTIES“. University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1196731182.

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Packwood, Daniel Miles. „Theoretical and Experimental Studies of the Gas-Liquid Interface“. Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Chemistry, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4618.

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A theoretical model describing the motion of a small, fast rare gas atom as it passes over a liquid surface is developed and discussed in detail. A key feature of the model is its reliance on coarse-grained capillary wave and local mode descriptions of the liquid surface. Mathematically, the model is constructed with several concepts from probability and stochastic analysis. The model makes predictions that are quantitative agreement with neon-liquid surface scattering data collected by other research groups. These predictions include the dominance of single, rather than multiple, neon-liquid surface collision dynamics, an average of 60 % energy transfer from a neon atom upon colliding with a non-metallic surface, and an average of 25 % energy transfer upon colliding with a metallic surface. In addition to this work, two other investigations into the gas-liquid interface are discussed. The results of an experimental investigation into the thermodynamics of a gas flux through an aqueous surface are presented, and it is shown that a nitrous oxide flux is mostly due to the presence of a temperature gradient in the gas-liquid interface. Evidence for a reaction between a carbon dioxide flux and an ammonia monolayer on an aqueous surface to produce ammonium carbamate is also found. The second of these is an investigation into the mechanism of bromine production from deliquesced sodium bromide aerosol in the presence of ozone, and involves a sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of the computer aerosol kinetics model MAGIC. It is shown that under dark, non-photolytic conditions, bromine production can be accounted for almost exclusively by a reaction between gas-phase ozone and surface-bound bromide ions. Under photolytic conditions, bromine production instead involves a complicated interplay between various gas-phase and aqueous-phase reactions.

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Ghasemian, Langeroudi Elahe. „Quantitative aspects of Co2-grafted amine interactions in gas-liquid-solid solubility equilibrium: Applications to Co2 capture“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27879/27879.pdf.

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Ghasemian, Langeroudi Elahe. „Quantitative aspects of CO₂-grafted amine interactions in gas-liquid-solid solubility equilibrium : applications to CO₂ capture“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21467.

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Les effets liés à la présence d'eau liquide sur la capacité d'adsorption de CO₂ par une silice mésoporeuse de type SBA-15 fonctionnalisée au moyen des amines suivantes: aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) et N-(2-aminoéthyl) -3 - (aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (AEAPS) ont été examinés pour évaluer le potentiel de ce mode de contact dans des laveurs gaz-liquide-solide. Les résultats ont été comparés à la capacité d'adsorption de CO₂ des amines greffées dans des conditions humides et sèches ainsi qu'à la capacité d'absorption de CO₂ dans les systèmes gaz-liquide avec des solutions aqueuses d'aminés ayant des structures semblables à celles des amines greffées. Dans ces conditions, une estimation de l'adsorption physique de CO₂ a été obtenue par l'étude de la SB A-15 non-modifiée. En outre, afin d'évaluer l'efficacité et la stabilité à long terme de l'association amine/SBA-15, les amines greffées ont été soumises à huit cycles successifs d'immersion dans les milieux aqueux d'une durée de 24 h chacune. Les échantillons récupérés ont été caractérisés au moyen de la diffraction aux rayons, des isothermes de sorption d'azote et d'analyse élémentaire CHN. Jusqu'à 40% de la quantité d'aminés greffées a subi une lixiviation durant les quelques premiers cycles de régénération; par la suite, la teneur en azote de l'AEAPS est demeurée relativement stable, contrairement à l'APS qui a connu une moindre stabilité. Fait intéressant, les structures des deux matériaux greffés, APS et AEAPS, sont demeurées intactes après plusieurs expositions à l'eau. L'efficacité de capture de CO₂ la plus élevée a été obtenue dans le cas des amines aqueuses (voie homogène). Cependant, la capture de CO₂ à l'aide d'aminés greffées dans le cas du système triphasique (gaz-liquide-solide) a donné lieu, pour des conditions opératoires comparables, à des valeurs intermédiaires entre les voies sèche et humide du mode de contact gaz-solide.

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Slack, Gregory C. „Coupled solid phase extraction-supercritical fluid extraction on-line gas chromatography of explosives from water“. Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042006-164508/.

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Kunz, Oliver. „A new equation of state for natural gases and other mixtures for the gas and liquid regions and the phase equilibrium“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=983888655.

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Ventura, Sónia Patrícia Marques. „Gas liquid equilibria at high pressures“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/4865.

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Mestrado em Medição de Equilíbrios Gás Líquido a Altas Pressões
Este trabalho tem como objectivo a medição da solubilidade de gases em líquidos a altas pressões. Para a realização experimental foi usada uma célula de altas pressões de volume variável e um método de observação directa para a detecção das transições de fase. As condições usadas neste trabalho experimental foram temperaturas entre 276.00 e 373.15 K e pressões ate 100 MPa. Numa primeira fase foram efectuadas medições de solubilidade de metano em anilina pura e para uma solução aquosa de composição mássica igual a 5% em anilina. A anilina é fundamentalmente usada em processos como a produção de borracha, de poliuretanos, pigmentos e tintas, fármacos, herbicidas e fungicidas. É usualmente produzida através de processos de redução do nitrobenzeno por reacção com o HCl. De facto, esta síntese é um processo químico complexo onde um grande número de processos compete entre si. Alterações nas condições do processo com a possível formação de produtos intermediários podem afectar a eficiência do processo. Para a sua melhoria foi sugerido que o hidrogénio usado fosse simultaneamente produzido e gasto no reactor principal. Neste caso e para a produção do mesmo, era necessário adicionar metano e água ao reactor. Tendo por base a ideia de que as reacções onde o hidrogénio é reagente e produto ocorrem em simultâneo, torna-se clara a importância do estudo da solubilidade do metano em anilina pura e em soluções aquosas desta. Numa segunda fase foi estudada a solubilidade do dióxido de carbono em soluções aquosas de tri-iso-butil(metil)fosfónio tosilato, com composições molares são de 4, 8 e 12% em líquido iónico. Este pertencente à família dos fosfónios. Possui uma viscosidade e densidade elevadas, é térmica e quimicamente estável e ainda possui uma elevada polaridade. Apresenta uma miscibilidade completa em água e nos solventes mais usuais, como o diclorometano e tolueno, não sendo no entanto míscivel em hexano. O tri-isobutil( metil)fosfónium tosilato é usado como solvente nos processos de hidroformilação de olefinas e ainda em processos de captura e conversão de dióxido de carbono. Neste trabalho experimental, a temperatura e a pressão foram inicialmente aumentadas até o sistema atingir o equilíbrio. A pressão é diminuída lentamente até se verificar o aparecimento/desaparecimento da última bolha de gás. A pressão à qual a última bolha de gás desaparece representa a pressão de equilíbrio para aquela temperatura. Este procedimento foi efectuado para vários sistemas e várias temperaturas.
The aim of this work is the measurement of the solubilities of different gases in different liquids systems at high pressures. A variable volume high pressure cell was used to perform the measurements based on the visual synthetic method for the detection of phase transitions. The conditions used in this work were temperatures ranging from 276.00 to 373.15 K and pressures up to 100 MPa. The first step of this work was the measurement of methane’s solubility in pure aniline and for one aqueous solution of 5% (w/w) in aniline. The main applications of aniline are the manufacture of polyurethane, rubber, dyes and pigments, drugs and agrochemicals (herbicides and fungicides). This compound is normally produced by reduction of nitrobenzene by reaction with HCl. In fact, that synthesis is a complex chemical process where a number of competing processes contribute to the final product. Changes in process conditions with the possible formation of intermediates can act as catalyst poisons that change the process’s efficiency. For the improvement of the production process it was suggested that the hydrogen, used for the reduction of the nitrobenzene, could be simultaneously generated and used in the main reactor. In this case for the in situ production of hydrogen it would be necessary the addition of methane and water in the reactor. Having in mind that these reactions occur simultaneously, it becomes clear the importance of studying the solubility of methane in aniline and in its aqueous solutions. In the second step the solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions of triiso- butyl(methyl)phosphonium tosylate with molar compositions of 4, 8 and 12% molar of ionic liquid, was studied. This compound belongs to the phosphonium - based ionic liquids family. It is characterized by a high viscosity and density. It is thermal and chemically stable and has a high polarity. This compound is totally miscible with water as well as with common organic solvents such as dicloromethane and toluene but is not miscible with hexane. The main applications of Tri-iso-butyl(methyl)phosphonium tosylate are like solvents in the hydroformylation of olefins and in processes of capture and conversion of carbon dioxide. In this experimental work, temperature and pressure were slowly increased until the system becomes homogeneous. After that, the pressure is slowly decreased until the appearance/disappearance of the last bubble of gas. The pressure at witch the last bubble disappears represents the equilibrium pressure for that temperature. This procedure was repeated for several systems and several temperatures.

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Li, Hailong. „Thermodynamic Properties of CO2 Mixtures and Their Applications in Advanced Power Cycles with CO2 Capture Processes“. Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energiprocesser, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9109.

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The thermodynamic properties of CO2-mixtures are essential for the design and operation of CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) systems. A better understanding of the thermodynamic properties of CO2 mixtures could provide a scientific basis to define a proper guideline of CO2 purity and impure components for the CCS processes according to technical, safety and environmental requirements. However the available accurate experimental data cannot cover the whole operation conditions of CCS processes. In order to overcome the shortage of experimental data, theoretical estimation and modelling are used as a supplemental approach. In this thesis, the available experimental data on the thermodynamic properties of CO2 mixtures were first collected, and their applicability and gaps for theoretical model verification and calibration were also determined according to the required thermodynamic properties and operation conditions of CCS. Then in order to provide recommendations concerning calculation methods for engineering design of CCS, totally eight equations of state (EOS) were evaluated for the calculations about vapour liquid equilibrium (VLE) and density of CO2-mixtures, including N2, O2, SO2, Ar, H2S and CH4. With the identified equations of state, the preliminary assessment of impurity impacts was further conducted regarding the thermodynamic properties of CO2-mixtures and different processes involved in CCS system. Results show that the increment of the mole fraction of non-condensable gases would make purification, compression and condensation more difficult. Comparatively N2 can be separated more easily from the CO2-mixtures than O2 and Ar. And a lower CO2 recovery rate is expected for the physical separation of CO2/N2 under the same separation conditions. In addition, the evaluations about the acceptable concentration of non-condensable impurities show that the transport conditions in vessels are more sensitive to the non-condensable impurities and it requires very low concentration of non-condensable impurities in order to avoid two-phase problems. Meanwhile, the performances of evaporative gas turbine integrated with different CO2 capture technologies were investigated from both technical and economical aspects. It is concluded that the evaporative gas turbine (EvGT) cycle with chemical absorption capture has a smaller penalty on electrical efficiency, while a lower CO2 capture ratio than the EvGT cycle with O2/CO2 recycle combustion capture. Therefore, although EvGT + chemical absorption has a higher annual cost, it has a lower cost of electricity because of its higher efficiency. However considering its lower CO2 capture ratio, EvGT + chemical absorption has a higher cost to avoid 1 ton CO2. In addition the efficiency of EvGT + chemical absorption can be increased by optimizing Water/Air ratio, increasing the operating pressure of stripper and adding a flue gas condenser condensing out the excessive water.
QC 20100819

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Povoleri, Fernanda Barbosa. „Modelagem e simulação da formação de hidratos de metano: um estudo do equilíbrio termodinâmico sólido-líquido-vapor“. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=708.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar um estudo sobre o equilíbrio de fases sólido-líquido-vapor para hidratos de metano. A análise do equilíbrio trifásico sólido-líquido-vapor tem encontrado diversas aplicações para sistemas hidrocarboneto-água, uma vez que permite, por exemplo, a determinação da região de estabilidade de hidratos de metano e hidratos de gás natural. Inicialmente foi feita uma pesquisa sobre o estado da arte no que diz respeito ao comportamento termodinâmico e equilíbrio de fases de hidratos. Foram implementados os modelos apresentados por Ballard (2002) e Zhang et al. (2005). A proposta de Zhang et al. (2005) é aplicável para equilíbrios de fases a temperaturas abaixo de 300 K. Sua abordagem combinou a teoria de van der Waals e Platteeuw para a fase hidrato com a equação do estado de Peng-Robinson (1976) modificada por Stryjek e Vera (1986) para ambas as fases fluidas (fase vapor e fase aquosa). A abordagem de Ballard (2000) considerou a distorção do hidrato do seu estado padrão, o que fornece uma exata composição do hidrato e melhora a previsão da formação dos hidratos a altas pressões. Ao esclarecer a mudança de volume no hidrato, o raio da gaiola do hidrato é uma função do seu volume. Com isso, Ballard propôs uma nova abordagem considerando tal variação de volume e gerou um equilíbrio de fases em uma rotina de flash multifásico através da minimização da energia livre de Gibbs. Assim, o presente trabalho apresenta as abordagens de Zhang et al. (2005) e Ballard (2002) para o comportamento termodinâmico de hidratos e faz uma análise e comparação entre eles. Para resolver o problema do flash computacionalmente, foi utilizada a ferramenta lsqnonlin (built-in do software MATLAB). O lsqnonlin é um algoritmo baseado no método de Levenberg-Marquadt.
The objective of the present work is to present a study of solid-vapor-liquid three-phase equilibrium for methane hydrates. The analysis of three-phase equilibrium has several applications for water-hydrocarbon systems, since it permits, for example, determination of stability region for methane hydrates and natural gas hydrates. We have started seeking in literature about the state-of-art for thermodynamic behaviour and phase equilibrium for hydrates. And then the models proposed by Ballard (2002) and Zhang et al. (2005) were implemented. Zhang et al. (2005) have proposed a phase equilibrium for single-guest gas hydrates at temperatures below 300 K. Their approach has combined the van der WaalsPlatteeuw theory for the hydrate phase and the PengRobinson equation of state for both fluid phases (vapor and aqueous phase) (1976) modified by Stryjek and Vera (1986). Ballards (2000) approach has allowed the hydrate distortion from its standard state and has gave a more accurate composition of the hydrate and has improved hydrate formation predictions at high pressures. As a direct result of accounting for a changing hydrate volume, the cage radii were functions of the hydrate volume. Thus, Ballard have proposed the hydrate phase equilibrium by Gibbs energy minimization in a multi-phase flash routine. Thus, this work presents the Zhang et al. (2005) and Ballards (2002) approaches for hydrate thermodynamic behavior and makes an analysis and comparison of them. To compute the flash problem, we use the tool lsqnonlin (built-in of MATLAB software). The algorithm lsqnonlin is based on the Levenberg-Marquadt method.

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Bücher zum Thema "Gas-liquid equilibrium"

Edwards, T. J. Phase behaviour studies for optimising hydrocarbon liquid production from the North West Shelf gas condensate fields: Results of research carried out as MERIWA Project No. M150 and ERDC Project No. 1475 at the School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Astralia. East Perth, WA: Minerals and Energy Research Institute of Western Australia, 1995.

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Sherwood, Dennis, und Paul Dalby. Phase equilibria. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782957.003.0015.

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This chapter extends the discussion of gas phase equilibria to phase equilibria. The central concept is the vapour pressure, and the key proof is that the criterion for phase equilibrium is the equality of the molar Gibbs free energies, or chemical potentials, of each phase. This then leads to the Clapeyron and Clausius-Clapeyron equations. A notable feature of this chapter is the discussion of non-ideal gases, answering the question “Given that, by definition, an ideal gas can never liquefy, what is it about a real gas that enables the gas to change phase into a liquid?”. A unique feature of this discussion is the rigorous analysis of the Gibbs free energy of a van der Waals gas under compression, and the proof of the ‘Maxwell construction’.

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Handbook of physical vapor deposition (PVD) processing: Film formation, adhesion, surface preparation and contamination control. Westwood, N.J: Noyes Publications, 1998.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Gas-liquid equilibrium"

Middelburg, Jack J. „Introduction to Equilibrium“. In SpringerBriefs in Earth System Sciences, 49–57. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53407-2_5.

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AbstractThis chapter defines equilibrium in mixtures and ideal solutions and introduces the equilibrium constant, its relationship with the Gibbs free energy and its dependence on temperature. Homogenous and heterogenous equilibria are distinguished and solid–gas, liquid–gas and mineral-solution equilibria are presented, including Henry’s law and the solubility product.

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Yang, Shenglai. „Phase State of Reservoir Hydrocarbons and Gas–Liquid Equilibrium“. In Fundamentals of Petrophysics, 75–133. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53529-5_3.

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Karakashev, Stoyan I., Anh V. Nguyen und Jan D. Miller. „Equilibrium Adsorption of Surfactants at the Gas–Liquid Interface“. In Advances in Polymer Science, 25–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/12_2008_161.

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Heinen, Matthias, Simon Homes, Gabriela Guevara-Carrion und Jadran Vrabec. „Mass Transport Across Droplet Interfaces by Atomistic Simulations“. In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 251–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09008-0_13.

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AbstractDue to availability of powerful computers and efficient algorithms, physical processes occurring at the micrometer scale can nowadays be studied with atomistic simulations. In the framework of the collaborative research center SFB-TRR75 “Droplet dynamics under extreme ambient conditions”, investigations of the mass transport across vapour-liquid interfaces are conducted. Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation is employed to study single- and two-phase shock tube scenarios for a simple noble gas-like fluid. The generated data show an excellent agreement with computational fluid dynamics simulations. Further, particle and energy flux during evaporation are sampled and analysed with respect to their dependence on the interface temperature, employing a newly developed method which ensures a stationary process. In this context, the interface properties between liquid nitrogen and hydrogen under strong gradients of temperature and composition are investigated. Moreover, the Fick diffusion coefficient of strongly diluted species in supercritical CO$$_{2}$$ 2 is predicted by equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation and the Green-Kubo formalism. These results are employed to assess the performance of several predictive equations from the literature.

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White, Gary L., und Carl T. Lira. „Four-Phase (Solid—Solid—Liquid—Gas) Equilibrium of Two Ternary Organic Systems with Carbon Dioxide“. In ACS Symposium Series, 111–20. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1989-0406.ch009.

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Latipovna, Alimbabaeva Zulkhumar, Yakubov Lazizkhan Ergashkhanovich und Narimov Dilshodjon Shukhratovich. „Obtaining Liquid Hydrocarbons by Processing of Natural and Associated Petroleum Gas in a Flow Reactor with a Non-equilibrium Electric Discharge“. In International Conference on Reliable Systems Engineering (ICoRSE) - 2022, 125–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15944-2_12.

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Raal, J. David, und Andreas L. Mühlbauer. „Gas-Liquid Chromatograph Detector Calibration and Chemical Purity Determination“. In Phase Equilibria, 105–30. Boca Raton: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203743621-5.

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Kryukov, Alexei, Vladimir Levashov und Yulia Puzina. „Evaporation and Condensation of Vapor–Gas Mixtures“. In Non-Equilibrium Phenomena near Vapor-Liquid Interfaces, 9–23. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00083-1_3.

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Bogel-Łukasik, Ewa, Ana Serbanovic, Rafal Bogel-Łukasik, Anna Banet-Osuna, Vesna Najdanovic-Visak und Manuel Nunes da Ponte. „Hydrogenation of CO2-Expanded Liquid Terpenes: Phase Equilibrium-Controlled Kinetics“. In Gas-Expanded Liquids and Near-Critical Media, 191–201. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1006.ch009.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Gas-liquid equilibrium"

Becke, Peter, Dagobert Kessel und Iradj Rahimian. „Influence of Liquid Hydrocarbons on Gas Hydrate Equilibrium“. In European Petroleum Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/25032-ms.

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Fu, Cheng-Tze, Rao Puttangunla und George Vilcsak. „Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium Properties For Gas - Cold Lake Bitumen“. In Annual Technical Meeting. Petroleum Society of Canada, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/86-37-05.

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Shuker, Muhannad T., und Firas Ismail. „Prediction of Solid-Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Natural Gas Using ANNs“. In International Petroleum Technology Conference. International Petroleum Technology Conference, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-15492-ms.

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T. Shuker, Muhannad, und Firas Ismail. „Prediction of Solid-Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium in Natural Gas Using ANNs“. In International Petroleum Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/15492-ms.

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Reese, Jason M., und William D. Nicholls. „Perspectives on the Simulation of Micro Gas and Nano Liquid Flows“. In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2011-58296.

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Micro- and nano-scale fluid systems can behave very differently from their macro-scale counterparts. Remarkably, there is no sufficiently accurate, computationally efficient, and — most importantly — generally agreed fluid dynamic model that encapsulates all of this important behaviour. The only thing that researchers can agree on is that the conventional Navier-Stokes fluid equations are unable to capture the unique complexity of these often locally non-thermodynamic-equilibrium flows. Here, we outline recent work on developing and exploring new models for these flows, highlighting, in particular, slip flow as a quintessential non-equilibrium (or sub-continuum) phenomenon. We describe the successes and failures of various hydrodynamic and molecular models in capturing the non-equilibrium flow physics in current test applications in micro and nano engineering, including the aerodynamic drag of a sphere in a rarefied gas, and the flow of water along carbon nanotubes.

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Fayzullaev, Bayram. „Mathematical Modeling of Liquid-Gas Phase Equilibrium on the Example of Soda Production“. In 2022 International Conference on Information Science and Communications Technologies (ICISCT). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icisct55600.2022.10146864.

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Yamamoto, Takayuki, Osamu Mori und Maki Shida, Mr. „Development and mission status report of gas-liquid equilibrium thruster for the small satellite“. In 57th International Astronautical Congress. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-b5.5.06.

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Lai, Mark K. „CFD Analysis of Liquid Spray Combustion in a Gas Turbine Combustor“. In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-309.

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A numerical method is presented for predicting steady, three-dimensional, turbulent, liquid spray combusting flows in a gas turbine combustor. The Eulerian conservation equations for gas flow and the Lagrangian conservation equations for discrete fuel liquid droplets were solved. The trajectory computation of the fuel droplets provided the source terms for all the gas-phase equations. A standard k-ε submodel was used for turbulence. The combustion submodel used was a global local equilibrium model, where chemical species (CxHy, O2, CO2, H2O, CO, H2 and N2) approached local thermodynamic equilibrium with a rate determined by a combination of local turbulent mixing and global chemical kinetics times. The numerical methodology for gas-phase calculations involved a staggered finite-volume formulation with a multi-block curvilinear orthogonal coordinate computational grid, and the PISO algorithm. This numerical code was applied to a model gas turbine combustor similar to that of the Allison 570KF currently in use by the Canadian Navy. The combustor was equipped with an advanced airblast fuel nozzle. The calculations included the analysis of the internal passages of the fuel nozzle. Through the numerical study at full-power and low-cruise operating conditions, a better understanding of the physical processes of flow and temperature fields inside the primary zone was obtained. Predicted hot spots corresponded to locations where deterioration of the combustor liner has been observed in practice.

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Macpherson, Graham B., und Jason M. Reese. „Molecular Dynamics for Near Surface Flows in Nano Liquid and Micro Gas Systems“. In ASME 4th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2006-96170.

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Conventional fluid mechanics (Navier–Stokes equations with linear constitutive relations) is, on the whole, applicable for simulating very small scale liquid and gas systems. This changes (for simple fluids) only in the vicinity of solid surfaces (approximately 5 molecular diameters for liquids, or one mean free path for gases) or under very high temperature or velocity gradients. It is shown that typical experimental conditions in practical systems do not give rise to gradients of this magnitude. Therefore, only surface effects cause significant deviation from results expected by conventional fluid mechanics. In micro and nano systems, however, large surface area to volume ratio means that the detail of boundary conditions and near surface dynamics can dominate the flow characteristics. In this paper, the use of non–equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) to study these fluid mechanics problems in an engineering simulation context is discussed. The extent of systems that can be studied by NEMD, given current computational capabilities, is demonstrated. Methods for reducing computational cost, such as hybridisation with continuum based fluid mechanics and extracting information from a small representative systems are also discussed. Non–equilibrium surface effects in gas micro systems may also been studied using NEMD. These occur at boundaries in the form of discontinuities (velocity slip and temperature jump) and within approximately one mean free path of a surface, in the form of a Knudsen layer. The distributions of molecular velocities, free path between collisions and time spent in collision have been calculated for an unbounded equilibrium fluid. The influence of a solid surface on the state of a fluid or flow can be investigated by measuring how these fundamental properties are affected.

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Shin, Byeong Rog, Satoru Yamamoto und Xin Yuan. „Application of Preconditioning Method to Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Computations“. In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45388.

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A preconditioned numerical method for gas-liquid two-phase flows is applied to solve cavitating flow. The present method employs a finite-difference method of dual time-stepping integration procedure and Roe’s flux difference splitting approximation with MUSCL-TVD scheme. A homogeneous equilibrium cavitation model is used. The present density based numerical method permits simple treatment of the whole gas-liquid two-phase flow field including wave propagation, large density changes and incompressible flows characteristics at low Mach number. By this method, two-dimensional internal flows through a backward-facing step duct, a venturi tube and decelerating cascades are computed. Comparisons of predicted results with experiments are provided and discussed.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Gas-liquid equilibrium"

Bullin, J. A., und R. E. Frazier. Collection of VLE data for acid gas---alkanolamine systems using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. [Vapor-liquid equilibrium]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7026066.

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Reilly, John, und Sergey Paltsev. Biomass Energy and Competition for Land. GTAP Working Paper, April 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp46.

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*Chapter 8 of the forthcoming book "Economic Analysis of Land Use in Global Climate Change Policy," edited by Thomas W. Hertel, Steven Rose, and Richard S.J. Tol We describe an approach for incorporating biomass energy production and competition for land into the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model, a computable general equilibrium model of the world economy. We examine multiple scenarios where greenhouse gas emissions are abated or not. The global increase in biomass energy use in a reference scenario (without climate change policy) is about 30 EJ/year by 2050 and about 180 EJ/year by 2100. This deployment is driven primarily by a world oil price that in the year 2100 is over 4.5 times the price in the year 2000. In the scenarios of stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations, the global biomass energy production increases to 50-150 EJ/year by 2050 and 220-250 EJ/year by 2100. The estimated area of land required to produce 180-250 EJ/year is about 1 Gha, which is an equivalent of the current global cultivated area. In the USA we find that under a stringent climate policy biofuels could supply about 55% of USA liquid fuel demand, but if the biofuels were produced domestically the USA would turn from a substantial net exporter of agricultural goods ($20 billion) to a large net importer ($80 billion). The general conclusion is that the scale of energy use in the USA and the world relative to biomass potential is so large that a biofuel industry that was supplying a substantial share of liquid fuel demand would have very significant effects on land use and conventional agricultural markets.

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Chao, K. C. Gas-liquid-liquid equilibria in mixtures of water, light gases, and hydrocarbons. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6312893.

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Chao, K. Gas-liquid-liquid equilibria in mixtures of water, light gases, and hydrocarbons. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5361514.

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Steinbuks, Jevgenijs, und Thomas Hertel. Forest, Agriculture, and Biofuels in a Land use model with Environmental services (FABLE). GTAP Working Paper, Oktober 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp71.

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The goal of this paper is to introduce FABLE (Forest, Agriculture, and Biofuels in a Land use model with Environmental services), a dynamic global model, aimed at analyzing the optimal profile for global land use in the context of growing commercial demands for food and forest products, increasing non-market demands for ecosystem services, and more stringent greenhouse gas mitigation targets. The model seeks to determine the optimal allocation of scarce land across competing uses across time. FABLE integrates distinct strands of agronomic, economic and biophysical literatures into a single, intertemporally consistent, analytical framework, at global scale. It is based on a dynamic long-run, forward-looking partial equilibrium framework, in which the societal objective function places value on food production, liquid fuels (including first- and second- generation biofuels), timber production, forest carbon and biodiversity. The forestry sector is characterized by multiple forest vintages, which add considerable computational complexity in the context of this dynamic forward-looking analysis. Our baseline accurately reflects developments in global land use over the years that have already transpired, and determines the optimal path of global land use over the course of next century based on projections of population, income and demand growth from a variety of recognized sources.

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