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Paiva, José Carlos, José Paulo Leal und Ricardo Queirós. „Fostering Programming Practice through Games“. Information 11, Nr. 11 (24.10.2020): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11110498.
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Loss of motivation is one of the most prominent concerns in programming education as it negatively impacts time dedicated to practice, which is crucial for novice programmers. Of the distinct techniques introduced in the literature to engage students, gamification, is likely the most widely explored and fruitful. Game elements that intrinsically motivate students, such as graphical feedback and game-thinking, reveal more reliable long-term positive effects, but those involve significant development effort. This paper proposes a game-based assessment environment for programming challenges, built on top of a specialized framework, in which students develop a program to control the player, henceforth called Software Agent (SA). During the coding phase, students can resort to the graphical feedback demonstrating how the game unfolds to improve their programs and complete the proposed tasks. This environment also promotes competition through competitive evaluation and tournaments among SAs, optionally organized at the end by the teacher. Moreover, the validation of the effectiveness of Asura in increasing undergraduate students’ motivation and, consequently, the practice of programming is reported.
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Farooq, Sehar Shahzad, In-Suk Oh, Man-Jae Kim und Kyung Joong Kim. „StarCraft AI Competition Report“. AI Magazine 37, Nr. 2 (04.07.2016): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v37i2.2657.
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This article reviews the last two IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG) StarCraft Artificial Intelligence (AI) Competitions organized by the authors; these were the fourth and fifth in a series of annual competitions initiated in 2011. StarCraft AI Competitions have been hosted in conjunction with three different events: the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment (AIIDE), CIG, and Student StarCraft AI Tournament (SSCAIT). The purpose of these competitions is to design bots that are able to autonomously and successfully play the StarCraft game by implementing real-time strategies. Recent results reveal the promising use of AI techniques in creating successful AI entries, but there is room for improvement with respect to the bots’ ability to adapt and learn to defeat humans and scripted AI bots.
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Gold, John R., und Margaret M. Gold. „Access for all: the rise of the Paralympic Games“. Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health 127, Nr. 3 (Mai 2007): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466424007077348.
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The Paralympic, or Parallel, Games for athletes with disabilities have played a major role over the past half century in changing attitudes towards disability and accelerating the agenda for inclusion. This article charts their development from small beginnings as a competition for disabled ex-servicemen and women in England founded shortly after the Second World War to the present day ambulatory international festival of Summer and Winter Games organized in conjunction with the Olympic Games. The Paralympic Games trace their origins to the work of Dr (later Sir) Ludwig Guttmann at the National Spinal Injuries Unit at Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Buckinghamshire who used sport as an integral part of the treatment of paraplegic patients. A sports competition was held at the hospital to coincide with the Opening Ceremony of the London Games in July 1948. This became an annual event attracting the first international participation in 1952, after which it became the International Stoke Mandeville Games. From 1960 onwards attempts were made to hold every fourth Games in the Olympic host city. Despite initial success in staging the 1960 Games in Rome and the 1964 Games in Tokyo, subsequent host cities refused to host the competitions and alternative locations were found where a package of official support, finance and suitable venues could be assembled. In 1976, the scope of the Games was widened to accept other disabilities. From 1988 onwards, a process of convergence took place that saw the Paralympics brought into the central arena of the Olympics, both literally and figuratively. In the process they have embraced new sports, have encompassed a wider range of disabilities, and helped give credence to the belief that access to sport is available to all. The Paralympics also underline the change from sport as therapeutic competition to that of elite events that carry intrinsic prestige, with growing rivalry over medal tables. For the future, however, questions remain as to whether the current arrangements of separate but supposedly equal festivals assist the continuing development of the Paralympics or perpetuate difference.
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Bin Abdullah, Nagoor Meera, Mohan Govindasamy, Megat Shahriman Zaharudin und Subramanian Raman Nair. „Paralympic Movement in Malaysia: The Achievement of High-Performance Para Sports“. Journal Sport Area 6, Nr. 1 (09.02.2021): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2021.vol6(1).5504.
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The article elaborates on the achievement of the Malaysian athletes with disabilities locally and also in international scenes. Malaysian athletes start to participate in international competition since 1962, and local games been organized back in 1982 with the introduction of the Paralympic Games. The article also illustrates the medal achievement where Malaysian contingent achieves a total of 1700 medals at the ASEAN Para Games from 2001-2017. In FESPIC and Asian Para Games, a total of 582 medals was won from the year 1982-2018. At the FESPIC and Asian Youth Para Games, a total of 189 medals won from the year 2003-2017. The highest achievement came from the Paralympic games as Malaysian won 11 medals in total from the year 1962-2016. More need to be done to establish para sports in Malaysia with the support of every parties including the government and the media.
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Bolton, Gary E., und Axel Ockenfels. „ERC: A Theory of Equity, Reciprocity, and Competition“. American Economic Review 90, Nr. 1 (01.03.2000): 166–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.1.166.
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We demonstrate that a simple model, constructed on the premise that people are motivated by both their pecuniary payoff and their relative payoff standing, organizes a large and seemingly disparate set of laboratory observations as one consistent pattern. The model is incomplete information but nevertheless posed entirely in terms of directly observable variables. The model explains observations from games where equity is thought to be a factor, such as ultimatum and dictator, games where reciprocity is thought to play a role, such as the prisoner's dilemma and gift exchange, and games where competitive behavior is observed, such as Bertrand markets. (JEL C78, C90, D63, D64, H41)
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Miocic, Josip, Luka Androja und Luka Hoti. „The Importance of Participation of Young Athletes in Youth Sports Competitions in the City of Zadar“. Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August 5, Nr. 8 (15.09.2020): 1648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20aug813.
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In modern society, there is an increasing need to organize and fill the free time of children and young people. Observing and comparing the previous research on the free time of children and young people, it is evident that physical activity determined through sports is insufficiently practiced in the free time of children and young people. Youth sports games in the City of Zadar and Zadar County have been organized and held for many years, so they have proven to be promoters of a healthy lifestyle for children and youth. For the purposes of research and examination of respondents' satisfaction with the role and status of youth sports games in the City of Zadar and Zadar County, a survey method was used, where the sample consists of 467 participants in youth sports games, aged 12 to 18 for 2019 from the City Zadar and Zadar County. The aim of the research was to determine the degree of significance of youth sports competitions for participants and to directly determine the degree of socialization of that population caused by participation in competitions. According to the results of the research, it was determined that youth sports competitions are important for the participants, whose socialization in society has improved in accordance with the mentioned activity.
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Šiljak, Violeta. „The Competitions that Have Contributed to the Rise and Spread of the Olympic Movement in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century“. Physical Education and Sport Through the Centuries 7, Nr. 1 (01.06.2020): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/spes-2020-0003.
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SummaryThe establishment of the modern Olympic Games can be considered a logical sequence of the Games that preceded them. The Cotswold, Wenlock, and Greek Olympic Games are known as the forerunners of the modern Olympic Games. The subject of this research is related to the competitions which also contributed to the rise and spread of the Olympic movement in the late 19th and early 20th century. The aim of the research is to point out the importance of organizing the Palic Olympics, the Olympic competitions in Serbia and the Women’s Olympic Games, which, thanks to their organizers, at that historic moment contributed to a certain extent to the expansion of the Olympic Movement. Baron Lajos Vermes, a famous athlete and a sports patron was the founder of the Palić Olympics, among many other sports competitions, which were regularly held in what was then Austria-Hungary at Lake Palić in the period from 1880 to 1906. In the early 20th century in Serbia, the officers who were educated in France, where they had met with the Olympic movement, upon their return to the country began to organize numerous and various competitions that had the adjective “Olympic” in their names. The perseverance in the work on the Olympic idea soon led to the establishment of the Serbian Olympic Club in 1910, and thanks to Captain Svetomir Đukić it also led to the inclusion in the IOC in 1912. In the period between the two world wars Alice Milliat worked hard on the equal inclusion of women in the Olympic movement. The requests for equal inclusion of women in the Olympic competition program that were rejected multiple times finally yielded results after the organization of the Women’s Olympic Games in 1922 in Paris.The research results should show the importance of these Games, giving them the opportunity to be included among the already well-known forerunners of the Olympic Games.
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Lutsik, Vladimir I., Alexander E. Sobolev und Denis S. Isaev. „REGIONAL EDUCATIONAL PROJECTS AS MEANS OF RAISING LEVEL OF UNIVERSITY ENTRANTS IN CHEMISTRY“. IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, Nr. 6 (06.06.2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186106.5689.
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In this article, the possibilities of a regional professional community of subject teachers to promote the intellectual development of schoolchildren and the formation of the common educational space “school – university” are demonstrated on the example of the Association of chemistry teachers and lecturers of Tver region. In order to achieve these goals, the Association annually conducts numerous regional open competitions, and each of them is completely free for students and their teachers. The aim of the competition “The World of Chemistry” is creating a public catalog of training presentations. The competition is held in twenty one categories (presentations on the educational topics, “Names in the history of chemistry”, “Scientists-chemists of Tver region”, “Chemical book of records”, “Chemistry and other Sciences”, “Chemistry of the future”, etc.); 997 nominations in all. Contests “Original problem” and “Chemical games store” are aimed at finding out the best authors of tasks, quizzes, and didactic games in chemistry as well as at the popularization of the Olympic movement. The selected collections of learning materials are published at the end of each contest. In order to identify and support gifted students, every year the Association of chemistry teachers and lecturers of the Tver region conducts the Regional Olympiad “Khimonya” (in Russian it is a diminutive and funny form of “Young Chemist”) for everyone wishing schoolchildren. This Olympiad is very popular. So, in 2017, more than 430 students from 16 municipalities attended this intellectual competition. The winners of “Khimonya” receive invitations to free classes at the Summer school of the Olympic reserve, which is annually organized by the Tver Association of chemistry teachers. It is shown that the activation of extracurricular activities of schoolchildren by involving them to participate in regional educational projects results to the increase in the education level of school leavers and quality of their knowledge in chemistry.Forcitation:Lutsik V.I., Sobolev A.E., Isaev D.S. Regional educational projects as means of raising level of university entrants in chemistry. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 6. P. 103-108
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Mijatović, Slađana, Violeta Šiljak und Vladan Vukašinović. „Appearance of the Olympic Idea in Civil Gymnastic and other Sporting Societies and Clubs in Serbia“. Physical Education and Sport Through the Centuries 3, Nr. 2 (01.12.2016): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/spes-2016-0011.
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SummaryThe idea of revival of the Olympic Games appeared much before its realization, but creation of the possibilities to reintroduce the Games was closely related to development of modern sport. The first mentioning and proposals originated from the works of the Humanists in 15th and 16th century and in the thirties of the 19th century some practical attempts were made for their revival.The aim of the paper was to determine the time when the first ideas on Olympism appeared in Serbia in civil gymnastic and other sporting societies and clubs. Historical method was used in the paperFor a long period Serbia was cherishing and developing traditional forms of competitions and tournaments but organized forms of physical exercises of citizens appeared only in the mid-19th century when the first private schools for physical exercises were established in many towns of the Principality of Serbia. Therefore, these private schools and the civil gymnastic societies were places where modern sport and the Olympic ideal were gladly accepted and further developed. Thus, it is understandable why, at the time of realization of the idea on revival of Ancient Olympic Games, those societies and clubs used the expression: Olympic competitions for their sporting events, besides they already used names: popular festivals or chivalry competitive plays.In the mid-19th century the Olympic idea took roots also in the Principality and later in the Kingdom of Serbia. Namely, before the revival of the Olympic Games in Athens and before the term „Olympic“ became more significant in reporting from sporting events, the competitions in Serbia had been announced as „Olympic festivities“ although they were not directly linked to the aforementioned Games in Greece.
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Guitart, Anna, Pei Chen und África Periáñez. „The Winning Solution to the IEEE CIG 2017 Game Data Mining Competition“. Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction 1, Nr. 1 (20.12.2018): 252–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/make1010016.
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Machine learning competitions such as those organized by Kaggle or KDD represent a useful benchmark for data science research. In this work, we present our winning solution to the Game Data Mining competition hosted at the 2017 IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG 2017). The contest consisted of two tracks, and participants (more than 250, belonging to both industry and academia) were to predict which players would stop playing the game, as well as their remaining lifetime. The data were provided by a major worldwide video game company, NCSoft, and came from their successful massively multiplayer online game Blade and Soul. Here, we describe the long short-term memory approach and conditional inference survival ensemble model that made us win both tracks of the contest, as well as the validation procedure that we followed in order to prevent overfitting. In particular, choosing a survival method able to deal with censored data was crucial to accurately predict the moment in which each player would leave the game, as censoring is inherent in churn. The selected models proved to be robust against evolving conditions—since there was a change in the business model of the game (from subscription-based to free-to-play) between the two sample datasets provided—and efficient in terms of time cost. Thanks to these features and also to their ability to scale to large datasets, our models could be readily implemented in real business settings.
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Barbu Mihai, Constantin Răzvan, George Bogdan Burcea, Dragoş Laurenţiu Diaconescu, Marius Catalin Popescu, Ioan Turcu und Paula Apostu. „Considerations Regarding the Development of the eSports Phenomenon“. Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Educatio Artis Gymnasticae 65, Nr. 4 (30.12.2020): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeag.65(4).36.
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ABSTRACT. Esports (Electronics Sports or short for esports, e-sports) is the term used in multiplayer computer games competitions, most of them organized and dedicated to professional players. Nowadays, esports has become a real industry, generating profits for the hardware companies, for the event organizers, but especially for the players, who can reach record receipts from the awards given at different events around the. Esports has slowly evolved into a cultural phenomenon. Across Asia, North America and Europe, the best pro gamers are competing for a share in hundreds of thousands of dollars at each tournament, watched by thousands if not millions of people around the globe. The present paper aims to present some theoretical aspects regarding the connection between sport and society, and also the development of electronic sport in Romania.
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Gladkaya, E. F. „Game as a Way to Enhance Students’ Cognitive Activity“. Higher Education in Russia 27, Nr. 10 (03.12.2018): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-10-161-167.
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The article deals with the description and analysis of the teaching experience of enhanc-ing students’ cognitive activity through intellectual games-competitions (games in pairs, teamwork) in the framework of Humanities “Russian language and speech culture” and “Rhetoric” at technical University. Special attention is paid to the description of the technology of games, pedagogical nuances that must be considered by a teacher to achieve maximum results of educational and gaming activities. On the basis of the described experience, conclusions are drawn about the rich possibilities of using games-competitions in the educational process of higher school. Properly organized game allows to create a favorable for learning emotional background and establish psychological contact between all participants of communication. In the game situation, the emotional and intellectual forces of students are mobilized. The group work develops communication and teamwork skills and the ability to achieve mutual understanding, to get the value of each member of the group. An important advantage of the game forms is that they can be used at all stages of training: from the introduction of new material to the control of acquired knowledge and skills. The emotions experienced during the game by students, increase responsibility for the result, contribute to better learning of educational material, which is confirmed by the control tests.
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Matzarakis, Andreas, Dominik Fröhlich, Stéphane Bermon und Paolo Emilio Adami. „Quantifying Thermal Stress for Sport Events—The Case of the Olympic Games 2020 in Tokyo“. Atmosphere 9, Nr. 12 (05.12.2018): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9120479.
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The effect of weather on sport events is largely discussed in the sports medicine and exercise physiology context. It is important, both for event organizers and for medical staff, to know whether the competition is happening at a time and place with extreme weather or in general not appropriate weather and climatic conditions. In order to find out, whether a place or time is appropriate, two factors should be included when establishing the effect of atmospheric conditions on visitors and athletes. These are the main climatic conditions, based on long term data, and the quantification of extreme events, like heat waves. The present analysis aims at determining what kind of data are required for an appropriate quantification of weather and climate thermal stress. For the analysis, indices like Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) and mPET (modified PET) are applied. The advantage of these indices is the consideration of both, thermo-physiological and meteorological factors to provide results and information that can be used for decision making. In this paper, we analyzed the Tokyo area with regards to the upcoming Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games. The results show that this kind of event may not be appropriate for visitors, if it is placed during months with extreme conditions. For Tokyo, this is the period from May to September, when conditions cause strong heat stress to the visitors for the vast majority of hours of the day. A more appropriate time would be the months from November to February or the early morning and the late afternoon hours, when thermally comfortable conditions are much more frequent. The methods that are applied here can quantify the thermal conditions and show limitations and possibilities for specific events and locations. Should the organizers still want to have these competitions organized during these months with extreme conditions, they should promote and propose all possible countermeasures for the spectators, workforce, and athletes.
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Çobanoğlu, Halil Orbay. „Analysis of Goal Scored on Russia World Cup 2018“. Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, Nr. 2 (28.01.2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i2.3998.
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The aim of the research was to analyze the goals scored in Russia World Cup 2018.The sample of this research was composed of 64 games played and 169 goals scored in the 2018 Russia World Cup. No goals were scored only in one competition. Because of 12 goals scored were own goals, 157 goals scored were analyzed on eleven different ways. The research data were collected e-analysis soccer programme. Frequency, average, standard deviation which were descriptive statistics were used for analysis of the research data.Consequently it was observed that 61,14% of goals were scored in the 2nd half of the matches and most of goals in the last 15 minutes of the matches, 63,69% of goals were scored after organized attack (open play), 38,59% of goals were scored from penalty, 78,98% of goals were scored with foot shot, 72,61% of goals were scored with one touch, 84,71% of the goals were scored through the penalty zone and 60,50% of the goals were scored in 3rd zone which was determined in the penalty zone. Moreover, of the teams that scored first results showed that they won 71,42% of the matches. Scorer’s playing position was 32,48% striker. Asist player’s playing position was 44,03% midfielder. 11,92% of asist were passed from 9th zone which was determined outside the penalty zone.The work guided the coaches to design real competition-like trainings and tailor the game style to the match situation. Coaches can also use this information to set goals for players and teams that specifically refer to offense and defense games. It is advisable to coach to use the 3rd zone set in the penalty zone for more goals and to use the 3rd zone in the penalty zone for more effective defense for fewer goals.
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Palupi, Risqi Ekanti Ayuningtyas, Lusi Ruspitasari und Siti Asiyah. „INSTRUCTORS’ STRATEGIES OF SMAGA ENGLISH CLUB (SEC) IN MOTIVATING STUDENTS IN LEARNING SPEAKING AT SMA N 3 PONOROGO IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2018/2019“. At-Tarbawi: Jurnal Kajian Kependidikan Islam 4, Nr. 1 (30.06.2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/attarbawi.v4i1.1605.
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This research aimed at investigating the Strategy used by Instructors of SEC (SMAGA English Club) 2018.Teaching English Speaking at Student of EFL is the most difficult thing for the Instructors. Language teaching strategies should be fun and enjoyable because learning language will be easier by using a good method and strategy that help language learners easier to understand. Every student will have different character in understanding a material. Therefore, Instructors have to facilitate them as good as possible.The Instructors strategy will influence to language learners understanding. In conducting the research, the researcher used descriptive qualitative research. observation, interview and documentation were the data collection technique. After data has been collected, the researcher analysed the data. The researcher took step of it started from reducing the data, display the data and the last drawing conclusion. This research took subjects of two Instructors of SMAGA English Club of SMAN 3 of Ponorogo the SEC consist of two divisions, general division and competition division. The data were collected from the observation, interview and documentation that organized based on research problems. Then researcher described the result.The results of that data were analysed to understand what the instructors’ strategy in motivating student’s speaking is. The researcher found that the student of SMAN 3 of Ponorogo have a good motivation in learning speaking and the strategy is used by two instructors are socio affective strategy and cognitive strategy. When applying socio affective strategy instructor used same games, the games are scrabble, tongue twister, who am I? and command games. Instructors also apply cognitive strategies by practice and repetition. In addition, the results of their strategy are for the general division they are getting better in speaking and for the competition division the student got some achievements that reach in some competition.By this research researcher suggested for instructors, students and other researcher. Instructors have to use appropriate strategy in teaching. Students have to more understand about speaking skill by instructor’s strategy. For other researcher can use the result of the research as the references for further research with different discussion domain of instructor’s teaching.
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Muñoz, Verónica, Pere Lavega, Jorge Serna, Unai Sáez de Ocáriz und Jaume March. „Estados de ánimo al jugar en solitario o en cooperación: dos vivencias motrices y afectivas desiguales“. Anales de Psicología 33, Nr. 1 (28.12.2016): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.1.233301.
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<span style="font-family: 'Garamond',serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">This study analyzed the effect of the variables: </span><span style="font-family: 'Garamond',serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="ES-TRAD">game type (individual or cooperative),</span><span style="font-family: 'Garamond',serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> competition, gender, students' association type and </span><span style="font-family: 'Garamond',serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="ES-TRAD">beginning-end</span><span style="font-family: 'Garamond',serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> of the session on the university students' moods. 201 Physical Education college students participated. After having received an initial instruction concerning moods, participants executed 2 sessions </span><span style="font-family: 'Garamond',serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="ES-TRAD">involving cooperative games and 2 individual games. The POMS scale was filled in both at the beginning and at the end of each session. The data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Among the main findings, we can point out that positive emotional states increase significantly when cooperative games are applied, with competition. Negative moods are more present in individual games, with no competition, when practiced by men and when they are organized in separate groups.</span><span style="font-family: 'Garamond',serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: HI; mso-font-kerning: 1.5pt;" lang="ES-TRAD">All these factors contribute towards knowing the influence of play on the training of the future teachers of a modern physical education, in which there is the intention of promoting such important aspects as socioemotional well-being and co-education.</span>
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Paulino, Luís Antonio. „Esportes, Megaeventos Esportivos e Relações Internacionais/Sports, Sport Mega Events and International Relations“. Brazilian Journal of International Relations 4, Nr. 1 (07.05.2015): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2015.v4n1.04.p21.
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O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a importância do esporte para as relações internacionais, tendo por base a experiência recente de países que organizaram megaeventos esportivos, tais como os Jogos Olímpicos e a Copa Mundial de Futebol da FIFA, nomeadamente a China, o Reino Unido e o Brasil. Partimos de duas premissas gerais. A primeira é que as competições esportivas são eventos cada vez mais internacionalizados; a segunda é de que esses megaeventos esportivos têm importância cada vez maior para as relações internacionais. Conquistar o direito de organizar esses megaeventos esportivos, além de demonstração de prestígio internacional, é uma oportunidade única para os países e cidades projetarem uma imagem positiva para o mundo e atraírem investimentos e negócios.Palavras-chave: Esporte, Relações Internacionais, Diplomacia Pública. Abstract: The objective of this paper is to analyze the importance of sport for international relations, based on the recent experience of countries that organized sports mega-events such as the Olympic Games and the Football World Cup FIFA, namely China, the United Kingdom and Brazil. We start with two general assumptions. The first is that sports competitions are increasingly internationalized; the second is that these sports mega events have become increasingly important for international relations. Win the right to organize these sports mega events, along with international prestige demonstration, is a unique opportunity for countries and cities projecting a positive image to the world and attract investment and business.Key-words: Sport, International Relations, Public Diplomacy. DOI: 10.20424/2237-7743/bjir.v4n1p21-37
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Mikalonytė, Rasa. „The Use of the Small-sided Games Method in a Reduced Pitch Area for Learning Handball“. Pedagogika 134, Nr. 2 (18.10.2019): 208–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2019.134.13.
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Sports of playing games for student’s competence are rapidly growing and beneficial in the process of the development of skills. The article provides material on handball training in physical education lessons and informal environments (workouts), using a small-sided games method (SSG). The benefits of this method have been proven in the preparation of high-performance athletes, seeking the highest results in the competition. Team handball has become a modern and fast game that fascinates viewers and participants in much more foreign arenas. Therefore, it is particularly important that children and adolescents in schools can try this game at innovative methods.A problem-related question arises – how to organize physical education classes using a small-sided game method, teaching handball to make them more relevant to youth? The aim: to reveal how small sided games (SSG) can help quickly master the content of a learning game and contribute to handball promotion in schools. The article uses the analysis of scientific literature.Training based on techniques denies tactical training by dividing them, but gaming provides a new meaning, which allows to follow the integrity of the game (technique, tactics, thinking, social aspects) education. Usually, the basis for such gaming method relies on certain task limitations, which change the usual characteristics of the game, but maintain the main principle of the game.Conclusions. A handball training program based on game method is beneficial to the development of individual and team tactical, technical activities and improvement of other gaming components. Education through games allows the trainees to discover different solutions, teaches how to think fast and make the right decisions. Training tasks are completely connected to certain handball actions by applying SSG method. For that reason, small games could be the best ones for students involvement in playing games.
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Marini, Dianna, Wietske Medema, Jan Adamowski, Samuel Veissière, Igor Mayer und Arjen Wals. „Socio-Psychological Perspectives on the Potential for Serious Games to Promote Transcendental Values in IWRM Decision-Making“. Water 10, Nr. 8 (17.08.2018): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10081097.
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Modern day challenges of water resource management involve difficult decision-making in the face of increasing complexity and uncertainty. However, even if all decision-makers possessed perfect knowledge, water management decisions ultimately involve competing values, which will only get more prominent with increasing scarcity and competition over resources. Therefore, an important normative goal for water management is long-term cooperation between stakeholders. According to the principles of integrated water resource management (IWRM), this necessitates that managerial decisions support social equity and intergenerational equity (social equity that spans generations). The purpose of this discussion is to formulate preliminary recommendations for the design of serious games (SGs), a potential learning tool that may give rise to shared values and engage stakeholders with conflicting interests to cooperate towards a common goal. Specifically, this discussion explores whether SGs could promote values that transcend self-interest (transcendental values), based on the contributions of social psychology. The discussion is organized in the following way. First, an introduction is provided as to why understanding values from psychological perspectives is both important for water management and a potential avenue for learning in SGs. Second, a review of the description of values and mechanisms of value change from the field of social psychology is presented. This review highlights key psychological constraints to learning or applying values. Based on this review, recommendations are made for SGs designers to consider when developing games for water management, in order to promote transcendental values. Overall, the main conclusions from exploring the potential of value change for IWRM through SGs design are as follows: 1-SGs design needs to consider how all values change systematically; 2-SGs design should incorporate the many value conflicts that are faced in real life water management, 3-SGs could potentially promote learning by having players reflect on the reasoning behind value priorities across water management situations, and 4-value change ought to be tested in an iterative SGs design process using the Schwartz’s Value Survey (SVS) (or something akin to it).
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Brown, Colin. „Sport, modernity and nation building: The Indonesian National Games of 1951 and 1953“. Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 164, Nr. 4 (2008): 431–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003650.
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The study of sport – its social, political, cultural and economic aspects – is a well-established academic field, scholars widely acknowledging its significance in understanding how a society is organized and understood. As Perkin (1992:211) puts it: The history of societies is reflected more vividly in the way they spend their leisure than in their politics or their work […] the history of sport gives a unique insight into the way a society changes and impacts on other societies it comes into contact with and, conversely, the way those societies react back to it. Sport has a particular resonance in considerations of the emergence of modern nation-states out of colonialism, given the connections between the diffusion of modern sports around the world and the colonial experience. Although virtually all societies played games of various kinds, competitive, rule-based sports are essentially modern, western phenomena, dating back no further than the nineteenth century. Their spread through the world coincided with, and in many respects was an inherent part of, the expansion of western colonialism. In the British Empire in particular, sport was seen as reflecting the essential values and characteristics of the British race which justified the existence of colonialism. Wherever the British went, they took their sports with them, together with the social mores they represented.
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Гусейнова, Алена, und Alena Guseynova. „Features of preparation and organization of patriotic quest games (case-study: quest game "We remember, we are proud" dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War)“. Services in Russia and abroad 9, Nr. 5 (16.03.2015): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17473.
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The article discusses the features of patriotic quest games by the example of cognitive game "We remember, we are proud", which have been organized by Center for children and youth tourism and excursions. At the beginning of the article the basic principles of the development and implementation quests in a museum are determined, the urgency such activities is highlighted. Further the author, following own experience, introduces readers to the development of game-investigation "We remember, we are proud", represents the progress of work and the final results. The article describes course of the game, the event format, the main playgrounds. It is planned to combine the two interactive forms: a solution of game tasks by examining the museum exhibition and collective cognitive activity. The case of considered game has been successfully presented and has been declared the winner in the regional competition of teaching materials for patriotic education "Proud of Russia!" (Yaroslavl). This working out the game has been successfully presented at the intramural competitive selection of innovative projects of young scientists on priority directions of science and technology "Innovation potential of youth" (Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D.Ushinsky), as well as on the webinar of the State educational institution of Yaroslavl region "Center for children and youth tourism and excursions" - "Excursion routes to mark the 70th anniversary of Victory ("Guided educational programs dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic war")." Currently, the authorial case of the game-investigation is the working material of the Center for children and youth tourism and excursions and is successfully put into practice in the course of the game for students of secondary school. Theme of the article is relevant in the context of the public policy in patriotic education and preserving the memory of the Great Patriotic War.
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Neuman, Yair, Navot Israeli, Dan Vilenchik und Yochai Cohen. „The Adaptive Behavior of a Soccer Team: An Entropy-Based Analysis“. Entropy 20, Nr. 10 (02.10.2018): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20100758.
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To optimize its performance, a competitive team, such as a soccer team, must maintain a delicate balance between organization and disorganization. On the one hand, the team should maintain organized patterns of behavior to maximize the cooperation between its members. On the other hand, the team’s behavior should be disordered enough to mislead its opponent and to maintain enough degrees of freedom. In this paper, we have analyzed this dynamic in the context of soccer games and examined whether it is correlated with the team’s performance. We measured the organization associated with the behavior of a soccer team through the Tsallis entropy of ball passes between the players. Analyzing data taken from the English Premier League (2015/2016), we show that the team’s position at the end of the season is correlated with the team’s entropy as measured with a super-additive entropy index. Moreover, the entropy score of a team significantly contributes to the prediction of the team’s position at the end of the season beyond the prediction gained by the team’s position at the end of the previous season.
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Shear, Julia L. „‘THEIR MEMORIES WILL NEVER GROW OLD’: THE POLITICS OF REMEMBRANCE IN THE ATHENIAN FUNERAL ORATIONS“. Classical Quarterly 63, Nr. 2 (08.11.2013): 511–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838813000062.
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Every winter in the classical period, on a specifically chosen day, Athenians gathered together to mourn the men who had died in war. According to Thucydides, the bones of the dead killed in that year lay in state for two days before being carried in ten coffins organized by tribe to the dêmosion sêma where they were buried and then a speech was made in honour of the dead men by a man chosen by the city. As his description makes clear, this ceremony was a public event attended not only by citizens and foreigners, but also by the female relatives of the dead men. Other sources report that the polemarchos put on the agôn for those who died in the war and these contests included musical, athletic and hippic competitions. The war-dead also received sacrifices. The occasion combined burial with cult and games usually afforded to the divine, although how exactly this combination worked in practice is not clear because Thucydides, our single best source for the Epitaphia, focusses on the burial and the oration given by Pericles in the winter at the end of the first year of the Peloponnesian War.
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Zaitseva, Elena Aleksandrovna, und Anatoliy Vyacheslavovich Nuzhdin. „Peculiarities of teaching and educating students in multiethnic educational environment“. Samara Journal of Science 5, Nr. 2 (01.06.2016): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20162304.
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One of the main aims and objectives of Modern Russian education is to make a human be ready for effective working and interacting in the multiethnic educational environment. Different aspects of the multiethnic education are registered in numerous Legal Acts of the Russian federation. Educators multiethnic competence comprises such aspects as knowing national, religious, gender and other peculiarities of students under training, respective attitude towards them; the ability to behave in terms of cultural conformity as well as the ability to organize meaningful dialogue in a multiethnic group and to use these cultural peculiarities to enrich students personal experience. Moreover, educators multiethnic competence also includes understanding of students ethnopsychological reactions which are conditioned by their cultural background and national identity. The trainee has to anticipate and to resolve a conflict in a multiethnic group. Cultural studies of different nationalities have to be organized in different ways: among the most popular methods we are bound to mention the historical studies of nations and the annexation of different ethnic communities to the Russian federation, the history of an ethnic group contribution to the heroic deeds during wars and while defending the homeland. One of the most effective ways of understanding and assimilating other peoples traditions and customs is to make students participate in different national festivals, religious holidays and feasts. Reading national poets and writers contributes greatly to the better acquisition of the material as well. There are some other methods to get acquainted with cultures for example, National days, learning national games, songs, poems; collective projects, competitions, contests; work with families and family celebrations of national holidays with national food, family stories about strong family traditions and customs; training exercises which cultivate students tolerance towards other nations and ethnic groups etc.
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Ciekurs, Kalvis, Rudi Zangerl, Ivars Kravalis, Žermēna Vazne und Aivars Kaupužs. „PARKOUR AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES“. SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 6 (20.05.2020): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2020vol6.5102.
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Recreation philosophy is human ability to relax applying various games and activities, where a game or activity has some purpose, which we should know and understand how to achieve it. Parkour is a movement, form of training, a way of getting it, the art of moving from point A to point B with your own body as a means in as fast, efficient and controlled manner as possible based on your own circumstances. It is completely free from competitions, competitions or other forms of rivalry. Recreation is for people to restore from everyday work routine and stress. Practically people perceive this essence of recreation which gives us a possibility to relax and creates emotions of happiness. Parkour is an art that helps you pass any obstacle to go from point A to point B using only the abilities of the human body. One of recreation and parkour kinds is outdoor activities, which means different open-air activities in nature. Outdoor activities have a physical, mental, emotional and even educational effect on a participant. Recreation and parkour activities are not organized like competitions, to participate in them there are no rules made. People who go in for recreation outdoors need only space on the land, water or in the air. It is an activity which allows an individual to renew interacting with the nature in cities and villages, as well as in virgin nature territories. What separates them from parkour is that they contain more acrobatic and spectacular movements and where there may be an assessment in the performance. Recreational activities and parkour activities have many symbioses, sometimes we can Sayed recreational parkour (parkour of basics) for everyone. We are getting great emotions and physical well-being.
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Malchrowicz-Mośko, Ewa, Zuzana Botiková und Joanna Poczta. „“Because We Don’t Want to Run in Smog”: Problems with the Sustainable Management of Sport Event Tourism in Protected Areas (A Case Study of National Parks in Poland and Slovakia)“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 2 (10.01.2019): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020325.
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The practice of active and qualified tourism in national parks in Poland and Slovakia has longstanding traditions. Primarily, these parks have been a place of individual recreational activity, as well as a place to educate and convene with nature. Recently, sport tourism, which is characterized by the participation of tourists in mass organized sporting events mainly of a competitive nature, has been gaining more popularity. Even though this activity takes place in protected areas, sports are the main priority, rather than educational goals. Natural values have the primary function of enriching emotional experiences, and exploring wildlife is not an end in itself. Running events are now at the head of the list as the most popular sporting events in Poland and in Slovakia. The authors of the article focused on protected areas in Poland and Slovakia, largely because these countries were considering organizing one of the world’s biggest sports events together: The Winter Olympic Games (2022). The purpose of the study was to recognize the attitude of Polish and Slovak national park authorities toward the organization of mass sports events in protected areas. A diagnostic survey was conducted using the method of interviews with the directors of Polish and Slovak national parks. The research results shed light on the current state of development of sports event tourism in protected areas in the two countries. The article examines the response of Polish and Slovak park authorities to the changes of the current era of shifting societal needs regarding physical development, in particular with regard to the sustainability of protected areas. Currently, there is a lack of a strategic approach toward the development of sports tourism in national parks in Poland and Slovakia. The answers given in the interviews create an image that indicates a differentiated approach to the issue of permitting the organization of sports events in the areas of national parks. It turns out that the practice in these areas is different in individual parks. The diagnosis presented in the article indicates that it is necessary to undertake interdisciplinary and international research among environmentalists, economists, sociologists, anthropologists, and physical culture specialists in order to develop methods for measuring the impact of sporting events organized in natural areas in this part of Europe.
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Földy, Csaba, Zoltán Somogyvári und Péter Érdi. „Hierarchically organized minority games“. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 323 (Mai 2003): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(03)00049-9.
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Sakhno, Natalia. „History of the Paralympic movement“. Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), Nr. 7 (01.07.2020): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2007-11.
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Worldwide, December 3 is the international day of persons with disabilities. As early as 1982, a 10-year programme of action for persons with disabilities was adopted, called the Decade of persons with disabilities, and at its end in 1992, the General Assembly declared December 3 as the International day of people with disabilities. The goal of this day was to promote the rights of persons with disabilities in all spheres of public life, as well as to attract the attention of the General public to the problems of disabled people. Every year there are more and more people with disabilities, so only in the Russian Federation the total number of disabled people is 9% of the population. Someone comes to terms with their fate and closes in the walls of their home, and someone continues to lead an active life, not wanting to change something in the usual way in connection with their new status. Such strong-minded people learn new professions, acquire previously unknown skills, and try to expand their horizons in various ways available to them. And some unique individuals in the desire to prove to others, and first of all to themselves, that disability is not a sentence, even take part in sports competitions organized specifically for people with disabilities. And if for any famous athlete participation in the Olympics, and even more so victory in it, is a matter of prestige and world recognition, for a disabled person participation in the Paralympic games primarily means victory of the spirit over the body, victory over their own helplessness and infirmity, recognition of the fact of beauty and fullness of life.
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Petrosyan, Georgiy Rubenovich. „The history of the Paralympic Movement creation“. Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), Nr. 4 (16.04.2021): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2104-07.
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Worldwide, December 3 is the International Day of Persons with Disabilities. Back in 1982, a 10-year Action Program for Persons with Disabilities, called the «Decade of Disabled Persons», was adopted, and at its end in 1992, the General Assembly proclaimed December 3 the International Day of Persons with Disabilities. The task of this day was to promote the rights of persons with disabilities in all spheres of public life, as well as to draw the attention of the general public to the problems of disabled people. Every year there are more and more people with disabilities, for instance, in the Russian Federation alone, the total number of disabled people is 9 % of the population. Some people resign themselves to their fate and close themselves within the walls of their home, while others continue to lead an active life, unwilling to change anything in their usual way in connection with their new status. Such strong-minded people master new professions, acquire previously unknown skills, and try to expand their horizons in various available ways. What is more, some unique personalities in a desire to prove to others, and first of all to themselves, that disability is not destiny even take part in sports competitions organized specifically for people with disabilities. While participation in the Olympics, and even more so victory in it, is a matter of prestige and world recognition for any famous athlete, participation in the Paralympic Games for a disabled person primarily means the victory of the spirit over the body, victory over their own helplessness and weakness, recognition of the fact of beauty and the value of life.
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Liu, Rui, Ziqi Liu und Shuyong Liu. „Recognition of Basketball Player’s Shooting Action Based on the Convolutional Neural Network“. Scientific Programming 2021 (21.06.2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3045418.
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In the field of basketball, the formulation of the existing training plan mainly relies on the coaches’ artificial observation and personal experience, which is inevitably subjective. The application of body domain network technology in athletes’ training and recognition of athletes’ postures can help coaches to assist decision-making and greatly improve athletes’ competitive ability. The human movements reflected in basketball are more complex which need deep understanding. The accuracy of basketball players’ shooting movements recognition plays a positive and important role in basketball games and training practice. Based on the prior knowledge of the convolutional neural network study, environment light conditions change the dynamic characteristics of basketball image analysis, capture images of the basketball goal algorithm of minimum circumscribed rectangle of the object, and based on the convolutional neural network, introduce two types of prior knowledge, one kind is based on the feature matching method that defined a priori knowledge, while another kind is based on training the convolution neural network model. The test results of the network model are taken as the prior knowledge, and then, a convolutional neural network dynamic target recognition model is constructed based on the prior knowledge. The construction process of the model is organized as the basketball target image is collected under any illumination conditions, the convolutional neural network model is trained with the convolutional neural network as the input data, and the standard illumination conditions are determined according to the test results of the network model. Then, put it into the trained network model to test and get the recognition results of basketball players’ shooting movements. The research is validated with performing experiments and the results revealed the success of the study.
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Bettega, Otávio, Alcides Scaglia, Juarez Nascimento, Sérgio Ibáñez und Larissa Galatti. „O ensino da tática e da técnica no futebol: concepção de treinadores das categorias de base (La enseñanza de táctica y técnica en el fútbol: conocimientos de entrenadores de categorías de formación) (Teaching tactics and technique in football: conceptions“. Retos, Nr. 33 (15.09.2017): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i33.55503.
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O desenvolvimento de conteúdos tático-técnicos no processo de ensino-treino do futebol é atribuição fundamental do treinador, buscando coordenar e orientar possíveis ações de jogo dos atletas. Assim, o artigo objetiva analisar a concepção de treinadores das categorias de base de um clube de elite do futebol brasileiro sobre aspectos técnicos e táticos do plano, do treino e do jogo. Participaram de entrevista semiestruturada oito treinadores do sub-10 ao sub-17, sendo o tratamento das informações realizado por meio da análise de conteúdo. Nas temáticas de plano e treino, sete treinadores investigados visualizam e desenvolvem a técnica de forma descontextualizada da tática. Contraditoriamente, na temática referente ao jogo os treinadores avaliam o contexto tático do jogo, não atribuindo relevância para o aspecto técnico. Portanto, torna-se relevante o treinador ter coerência e compreender o processo de planejar, treinar e jogar de forma complementar, contextualizando o desenvolvimento da técnica e da tática.Resumen. El desarrollo de los contenidos táctico-técnicos en el proceso de enseñanza-entrenamiento del fútbol configura tarea central del entrenador, objetivando coordinar y orientar posibles acciones de juego de sus deportistas. Como un paisaje complejo que incluye constantemente el afrontamiento a los problemas tácticos-técnicos. En este sentido, se hace necesario que el entrenador comprenda estos problemas para que pueda guiar acciones tomadas por los jugadores. Así, esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la concepción de los entrenadores de las categorías inferiores de un club de elite del fútbol brasileño en los aspectos técnicos y tácticos del plan, el entrenamiento y el partido. Participaron de una entrevista semiestructura ocho entrenadores (del sub-10 al sub-17), y el tratamiento de datos realizados por el análisis de contenido. En las categorías plan y entrenamiento predominó la percepción y enseñanza de la técnica descontextualizada de la táctica. Contradictoriamente, en la categoría juego los entrenadores evalúan el contexto táctico del juego, sin valorar al aspecto técnico. Por lo tanto, se hace importante para el entrenador tener consistencia y comprender el proceso de planificación, entrenamiento y el juego de una manera complementaria, contextualizando el desarrollo de la técnica y la táctica. Abstract. Coaching tactical-technical competences is a central task for soccer coaches, as it aims to better organize athletes’ actions during games. In this sense, it becomes necessary for coaches to understand such problems, to stimulate players’ better decision-making processes. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze youth category soccer coaches´ conceptions about tactical and technical issues in planning, training, and competition, in an elite Brazilian soccer club. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight coaches (from U-10 to U-17); data analysis was performed through content analysis. In planning and training topics, most of the coaches view and develop technical training separated form tactical aspects. Contradictorily, in the theme referring to competition coaches evaluated the tactical context of games, whereas they considered technical aspects as non-relevant. Therefore, being coherent and understanding the processes of planning, coaching and playing in a complementary way, contextualizing the development of tactical and technical, becomes essential for any youth category coach.
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Condessa, Isabel Cabrita. „Intervention on Coeducation through Physical Education. Reality or intention?“ International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 2, Nr. 1 (02.07.2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2016.n1.v2.216.
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Conscious and organized intervention, in order to achieve promotion of equal opportunities in school has been, in recent decades, a major goal of physical education (PE) in Europe. Through routines and opportunities that provide both boys and girls access to physical activity and sports (PAS) which enables them to improve skills, competencies and attitudes. We believe that the contribution of PE in education is of significant value, as it enables children and young people to build their body image and gender stereotypes, develop affections and emotions, cultivate their relationship with others, build capacity and values, thus helping the training of individual or collective attitudes that respect gender equality and human rights.This study was conducted from the information collected through the application of a questionnaire to a population of 993 children, 57.5% girls and 42.5% boys, aged between 10 and 12 years, belonging to various schools. It aspires to compare the perceptions and preferences of boys and girls in respect of PAS practices that take place in PE, and to present alternative behaviors that are more flexible and inclusive.From our results we conclude that the PAS in school remains very marked by practical training of movement techniques, games and sport competitions. These experiences, mainly identified with male stereotypes, do not always help, for many young people, the formation of a good body image and good behaviors that should be maintained throughout life.We suggest that the activities offered to children and young people in schools should be more diverse and inclusive, imposing an appropriate level of performance and satisfaction to each case in particular.The activities should also be more focused either on outdoor practices or in practices that develop the sensory, expressive and body dimensions of students.
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Sadovnikova, V. V. „Socio-Pedagogical Prerequisites for Fitness-Industry Funсtioning in Belarus“. Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ 18, Nr. 4 (25.12.2018): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2018.4.07.
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The purpose of our questionnaire is the uncovering of prerequisites for recognizing fitness as a format of mass physical education.
Materials and methods. We questioned 100 respondents ranging in age from 20 to 60, with work experience from 1 to 40 years, more than 60% of the respondents have work experience from 5 to 20 years, and different specialization of work with population (aerobic, strength, competitive, oriental, water kinds of physical activity). The results were processed with statistical distribution-free methods (х²). When the number of testees exceeded 100 (n=100), we used the method of Kolmogorov-Smirnov under normal distribution of selection.
Results. In accordance with the demand, aerobics and strength training occupy the 1st place, 30% and 40%, respectively. At the 2nd place, we have trouble zones exercises for women, swimming and water aerobics – 30% and 28%, respectively. At the 3rd place – sports and outdoor games, stretching – 18% and 13%, respectively. The other forms received less than 8%. The forms presented were evaluated in points, all the points were summed. In general, the demand is estimated to be 1.99±1.31 points out of 12 possible, indicating the specialization in working with the population through the use of fitness technologies, based on 3-4 types of physical activity.
Conclusions. We think that the development of mass sport, sport for everybody, fitness as a means of health improvement is a prerogative of the Government via local authorities, sport organizations, institutions at this level, and, of course, the population.
In our opinion, fitness in Belarus functions independently but unsystematically, it develops unilaterally – it is self-organized in the process and in the use of fitness technologies only. The work on intentional development of and managing this form of mass physical education within the system is necessary.
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Steckles, Katie, Peter Rowlett und Angharad Ugonna. „Pre-university informal engagement with mathematical activities and the decision to study mathematics at university“. MSOR Connections 18, Nr. 3 (25.07.2020): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21100/msor.v18i3.1048.
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A survey was created to investigate the experiences of mathematics undergraduates with informal mathematical activity prior to starting university, and links these with the decision to study mathematics. A questionnaire was completed by a small sample of first-year undergraduates at two UK universities. Generally, incoming undergraduates are shown to have a high level of enjoyment of mathematics and engagement with informal mathematical activity. Popular activities included mathematical puzzles and games, and online videos about maths. Students were often engaged with family or via social media, playing computer, tablet or phone games, watching TV game shows with mathematical aspects and participating in organised competitions. Only around half engaged via talks or workshops organised through school and watching more structured documentaries or videos of lectures. Few participated in organised clubs. It seems there was greater engagement with ‘fun’ aspects of mathematics than with activities which demonstrate mathematics linked to career choice. The link to goals of outreach and similar initiatives is discussed, with further research indicated.
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Bobtcheff, Catherine, und Thomas Mariotti. „Potential competition in preemption games“. Games and Economic Behavior 75, Nr. 1 (Mai 2012): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2011.11.002.
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Madejski, Eligiusz, Grażyna Kosiba, Magdalena Majer, Jacek Szalewski und Przemysław Madejski. „Organized and non-organized physical activity of 7-10 year-old children“. Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences 26, Nr. 77 (31.03.2017): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7116.
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Aim. The aim of the study was to acquire knowledge on the contribution of younger school children in organized and nonorganized physical activity. Basic procedures. The main research method was a diagnostic survey. The level of physical activity was determined on the basis of the frequency (number of days per week) and volume (number of hours per week) of organized and non-organized activity. The SPSS 21 (IBM Corp., 2012) programme was used for statistical analysis of the results. Results. The highest percentage values among the subjects in each age group were recorded in the range of the average level of physical activity. Approximately 2/3 of the subjects in each age group participated in organized physical activity. Almost every third child exercised once a week, the activity lasted one hour. Among the forms of organized physical activity in which children are most likely to participate, those which dominate include: corrective gymnastics, dance and swimming. The vast majority of subjects preferred non-organized physical activity. Daily contact with such activity occurred in the case of about 1/4 of the subjects. Over 1/3 of the participants spent more than 4 hours a week on such activity. Only a few performed this type for 1 hour, and with age, this duration gradually decreased. A typical form of non-organized physical activity was cycling. Games using a ball, other various games, football, roller-skating and swimming were also popular. Conclusions. The studied participants were more likely to perform non-organized forms of movement than those organized. In addition to physical activity, quite a large percentage of the surveyed children spent their free time in front of the TV or playing computer games. Along with the increase in age, there was a rise in the interest in tennis, football and computer games, and there was less interest in skiing or playing games.
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Braha, Dan, Blake Stacey und Yaneer Bar-Yam. „Corporate competition: A self-organized network“. Social Networks 33, Nr. 3 (Juli 2011): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2011.05.004.
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Parker, G. A. „Sperm competition games between related males“. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 267, Nr. 1447 (22.05.2000): 1027–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2000.1106.
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Klusák, Miroslav. „Schoolchildren's Games - Purposeless Cooperation, Competition, Bullying?“ Journal of Pedagogy / Pedagogický casopis 1, Nr. 1 (01.01.2010): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10159-010-0002-9.
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Meca, Ana, Ignacio García-Jurado und Peter Borm. „Cooperation and competition in inventory games“. Mathematical Methods of Operations Research 57, Nr. 3 (August 2003): 481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001860200253.
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Augner, Magnus, Torbj�rn Fagerstr�m und Juha Tuomi. „Competition, defense and games between plants“. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 29, Nr. 4 (November 1991): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00163979.
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Gubacs, Klara. „ORGANIZED CHAOS: Implementing an Invasion Games Unit“. Strategies 18, Nr. 1 (September 2004): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08924562.2004.10591110.
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White, Gene, Kevin Casebolt und Stephanie Hull. „Low – Organized Games: An Approach to Inclusion“. Strategies 18, Nr. 2 (November 2004): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08924562.2004.10591124.
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Hidayat, Rizki Aulia, Dian Budiana und Andi Suntoda Situmorang. „Pengaruh Low Organized Games terhadap Derajat Kebugaran Jasmani Siswa Sekolah Dasar“. TEGAR: Journal of Teaching Physical Education in Elementary School 3, Nr. 2 (31.05.2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/tegar.v3i2.23401.
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This study is motivated by learning low organized games as a support in improving physical fitness. This study aims to develop a low organized games learning program in physical education to improve students physical fitness. The method used in this study is an experiment with a pretest posttest control group design. The population in this study were fifth grade students. The sample in this study was 62 students This study was conducted as many as 12 meetings. Data processing using SPSS software version 22.00 for Windows. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the implementation of learning low organized games on the degree of physical fitness students, there was a significant effect of the application of control group learning on the physical fitness degree of students, and learning of low organized games was more influential compared to control group learning on physical fitness degrees of students. AbstrakStudi ini dilatarbelakangi pembelajaran low organized games sebagai penunjang dalam meningkatkan kebugaran jasmani. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan program pembelajaran low organized games dalam pendidikan jasmani untuk meningkatkan kebugaran jasmani siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam studi ini yaitu eksperimen dengan desain pretest posttest control group design. Populasi dalam studi ini yaitu siswa kelas V. Sampel dalam studi ini sebanyak 62 siswa. Studi ini dilakukan sebanyak 12 kali pertemuan. Analisis data yang dilakukan yaitu dengan bantuan software SPSS versi 22.00 for Windows. Hasil studi menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari penerapan pembelajaran low organized games terhadap derajat kebugaran jasmani siswa, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari penerapan pembelajaran kelompok kontrol terhadap derajat kebugaran jasmani siswa, dan pembelajaran low organized games lebih berpengaruh dari pembelajaran kelompok kontrol terhadap derajat kebugaran jasmani siswa.
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Parker, Geoff A., Catherine M. Lessells und Leigh W. Simmons. „SPERM COMPETITION GAMES: A GENERAL MODEL FOR PRECOPULATORY MALE-MALE COMPETITION“. Evolution 67, Nr. 1 (10.08.2012): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01741.x.
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Murphy, Robin R. „BEAM International Robot Games Robotics Competition Corner“. Robotics and Autonomous Systems 23, Nr. 4 (Juli 1998): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8890(98)90005-7.
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Murphy, Robin R. „BEAM international robot games robotics competition corner“. Robotics and Autonomous Systems 28 (Januar 1999): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8890(99)80013-x.
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이강훈. „Learning Multi-Character Competition in Markov Games“. Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society 15, Nr. 2 (Juni 2009): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15701/kcgs.2009.15.2.9.
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Anselmi, Jonatha, Urtzi Ayesta und Adam Wierman. „Competition yields efficiency in load balancing games“. Performance Evaluation 68, Nr. 11 (November 2011): 986–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peva.2011.07.005.
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Ball, M. A., und G. A. Parker. „Sperm competition games: sperm selection by females“. Journal of Theoretical Biology 224, Nr. 1 (September 2003): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5193(03)00118-8.
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