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Cardullo, Stefano, Luis Javier Gomez Perez, Linda Marconi, Alberto Terraneo, Luigi Gallimberti, Antonello Bonci und Graziella Madeo. „Clinical Improvements in Comorbid Gambling/Cocaine Use Disorder (GD/CUD) Patients Undergoing Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, Nr. 6 (30.05.2019): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060768.
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(1) Background: Pathological gambling behaviors may coexist with cocaine use disorder (CUD), underlying common pathogenic mechanisms. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown promise as a therapeutic intervention for CUD. In this case series, we evaluated the clinical effects of rTMS protocol stimulating the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on the pattern of gambling and cocaine use. (2) Methods: Gambling severity, craving for cocaine, sleep, and other negative affect symptoms were recorded in seven patients with a diagnosis of gambling disorder (South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) >5), in comorbidity with CUD, using the following scales: Gambling-Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS), Cocaine Craving Questionnaire (CCQ), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Symptoms checklist-90 (SCL-90). The measures were assessed before the rTMS treatment and after 5, 30, and 60 days of treatment. Patterns of gambling and cocaine use were assessed by self-report and regular urine screens. (3) Results: Gambling severity at baseline ranged from mild to severe (mean ± Standard Error of the Mean (SEM), G-SAS score baseline: 24.42 ± 2.79). G-SAS scores significantly improved after treatment (G-SAS score Day 60: 2.66 ± 1.08). Compared to baseline, consistent improvements were significantly seen in craving for cocaine and in negative-affect symptoms. (4) Conclusions: The present findings provide unprecedent insights into the potential role of rTMS as a therapeutic intervention for reducing both gambling and cocaine use in patients with a dual diagnosis.
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Kim, Hyoun S., Briana D. Cassetta, David C. Hodgins, Lianne M. Tomfohr-Madsen, Daniel S. McGrath und Hermano Tavares. „Assessing the Relationship between Disordered Gamblers with Psychosis and Increased Gambling Severity: The Mediating Role of Impulsivity“. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 63, Nr. 6 (08.09.2017): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743717730825.
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Objective: Recent research suggests that disordered gambling and psychosis co-occur at higher rates than expected in the general population. Gamblers with psychosis also report greater psychological distress and increased gambling severity. However, the mechanism by which psychosis leads to greater gambling symptomology remains unknown. The objective of the present research was to test whether impulsivity mediated the relationship between comorbid psychosis and gambling severity. Method: The sample consisted of 394 disordered gamblers voluntarily seeking treatment at a large university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. A semistructured clinical interview (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) was used to diagnosis the presence of psychosis by registered psychiatrists. Severity of gambling symptoms was assessed using the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale–11 provided a measure of impulsivity. Results: Of the sample, 7.2% met diagnostic criteria for psychosis. Individuals with a dual diagnosis of psychosis did not report greater gambling severity. Conversely, dual diagnoses of psychosis were associated with greater levels of impulsivity. Higher levels of impulsivity were also associated with greater gambling severity. Importantly, support for our hypothesised mediation model was found such that impulsivity mediated the association between disordered gambling and psychosis and gambling severity. Conclusion: Impulsivity appears to be a transdiagnostic process that may be targeted in treatment among disordered gamblers with a dual diagnosis of psychosis to reduce problematic gambling behaviours.
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George, Sanju, TS Jaisoorya, Sivasankaran Nair, Anjana Rani, Priya Menon, Revamma Madhavan, Jeevan Chakkandan Rajan et al. „A cross-sectional study of problem gambling and its correlates among college students in South India“. BJPsych Open 2, Nr. 3 (Mai 2016): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.002519.
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BackgroundIn the Western world, a significant portion of college students have gambled. College gamblers have one of the highest rates of problem gambling. To date, there have been no studies on gambling participation or the rates of problem gambling in India.AimsThis study evaluated the prevalence of gambling participation and problem gambling in college students in India. It also evaluated demographic and psychosocial correlates of gambling in that population.MethodWe surveyed 5784 college students from 58 colleges in the district of Ernakulam, Kerala, India, using cluster random sampling. Students completed questionnaires that addressed gambling, substance use, psychological distress, suicidality and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).ResultsA total of 5580 completed questionnaires were returned, and while only 1090 (19.5%) college students reported having ever gambled, 415 (7.4%) reported problem gambling. Lotteries were the most popular form of gambling. Problem gamblers in comparison with non-gamblers were significantly more likely to be male, have a part-time job, greater academic failures, higher substance use, higher psychological distress scores, higher suicidality and higher ADHD symptom scores. In comparison with non-problem gamblers, problem gamblers were significantly more likely to have greater academic failures, higher psychological distress scores, higher suicidality and higher ADHD symptom scores.ConclusionsThis study, the first to look at the prevalence of gambling in India, found relatively low rates of gambling participation in college students but high rates of problem gambling among those who did gamble. Correlates of gambling were generally similar to those noted in other countries. Since 38% of college students who had gambled had a gambling problem, there is a need for immediate public health measures to raise awareness about gambling, and to prevent and treat problem gambling in this population.
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Grant, Jon E., Brian L. Odlaug und Samuel R. Chamberlain. „Gambling disorder, DSM-5 criteria and symptom severity“. Comprehensive Psychiatry 75 (Mai 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.02.006.
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Dowling, Nicki A., Stephanie S. Merkouris, Simone N. Rodda, David Smith, Stephanie Aarsman, Tiffany Lavis, Dan I. Lubman et al. „GamblingLess: A Randomised Trial Comparing Guided and Unguided Internet-Based Gambling Interventions“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, Nr. 11 (21.05.2021): 2224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10112224.
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There is little evidence relating to the effects of adding guidance to internet-based gambling interventions. The primary aim was to compare the effectiveness of an online self-directed cognitive-behavioural gambling program (GamblingLess) with and without therapist-delivered guidance. It was hypothesised that, compared to the unguided intervention, the guided intervention would result in superior improvements in gambling symptom severity, urges, frequency, expenditure, psychological distress, quality of life and help-seeking. A two-arm, parallel-group, randomised trial with pragmatic features and three post-baseline evaluations (8 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 months) was conducted with 206 gamblers (106 unguided; 101 guided). Participants in both conditions reported significant improvements in gambling symptom severity, urges, frequency, expenditure, and psychological distress across the evaluation period, even after using intention-to-treat analyses and controlling for other low- and high-intensity help-seeking, as well as clinically significant changes in gambling symptom severity (69% recovered/improved). The guided intervention resulted in additional improvements to urges and frequency, within-group change in quality of life, and somewhat higher rates of clinically significant change (77% cf. 61%). These findings, which support the delivery of this intervention, suggest that guidance may offer some advantages but further research is required to establish when and for whom human support adds value.
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Saxton, Jenny, Simone N. Rodda, Natalia Booth, Stephanie S. Merkouris und Nicki A. Dowling. „The efficacy of Personalized Normative Feedback interventions across addictions: A systematic review and meta-analysis“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 4 (01.04.2021): e0248262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248262.
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Personalized Normative Feedback (PNF) may help address addictive disorders. PNF highlights discrepancies between perceived and actual peer norms, juxtaposed against self-reported behavior. PNF can be self-directed and cost-efficient. Our study estimates the efficacy of PNF alone, and in combination with other self-directed interventions, to address frequency and symptom severity of hazardous alcohol use, problem gambling, illicit drug and tobacco use. We searched electronic databases, grey literature, and reference lists of included articles, for randomized controlled trials published in English (January 2000-August 2019). We assessed study quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Thirty-four studies met inclusion criteria (k = 28 alcohol, k = 3 gambling, k = 3 cannabis, k = 0 tobacco). Thirty studies provided suitable data for meta-analyses. PNF alone, and with additional interventions, reduced short-term alcohol frequency and symptom severity. PNF with additional interventions reduced short-term gambling symptom severity. Effect sizes were small. PNF did not alter illicit drug use. Findings highlight the efficacy of PNF to address alcohol frequency and symptom severity. The limited number of studies suggest further research is needed to ascertain the efficacy of PNF for gambling and illicit drug use. Cost-effectiveness analyses are required to determine the scale of PNF needed to justify its use in various settings.
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Kessler, R. C., I. Hwang, R. LaBrie, M. Petukhova, N. A. Sampson, K. C. Winters und H. J. Shaffer. „DSM-IV pathological gambling in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication“. Psychological Medicine 38, Nr. 9 (07.02.2008): 1351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708002900.
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BackgroundLittle is known about the prevalence or correlates of DSM-IV pathological gambling (PG).MethodData from the US National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), a nationally representative US household survey, were used to assess lifetime gambling symptoms and PG along with other DSM-IV disorders. Age of onset (AOO) of each lifetime disorder was assessed retrospectively. AOO reports were used to study associations between temporally primary disorders and the subsequent risk of secondary disorders.ResultsMost respondents (78.4%) reported lifetime gambling. Lifetime problem gambling (at least one Criterion A symptom of PG) (2.3%) and PG (0.6%) were much less common. PG was significantly associated with being young, male, and Non-Hispanic Black. People with PG reported first gambling significantly earlier than non-problem gamblers (mean age 16.7 v. 23.9 years, z=12.7, p<0.001), with gambling problems typically beginning during the mid-20s and persisting for an average of 9.4 years. During this time the largest annual gambling losses averaged US$4800. Onset and persistence of PG were predicted by a variety of prior DSM-IV anxiety, mood, impulse-control and substance use disorders. PG also predicted the subsequent onset of generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance dependence. Although none of the NCS-R respondents with PG ever received treatment for gambling problems, 49.0% were treated at some time for other mental disorders.ConclusionsDSM-IV PG is a comparatively rare, seriously impairing, and undertreated disorder whose symptoms typically start during early adulthood and is frequently secondary to other mental or substance disorders that are associated with both PG onset and persistence.
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Marcos, Marta. „Juego online: tratamiento de un caso de adicción a apuestas deportivas“. Liberabit: Revista Peruana de Psicología 26, Nr. 2 (01.10.2020): e339. http://dx.doi.org/10.24265/liberabit.2020.v26n2.04.
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Background: online gambling (bets, casino games, poker, etc.) is an activity that is spreading worldwide, even in countries where it is not yet legalized. Although the situation in Latin America is very heterogeneous, it is possible that, as online gambling is developed and promoted, addiction problems arise. This has already happened in Spain since the legalization of online gambling in 2011. Thus, psychology should be developing intervention programs to face this new scenario. Goal: this paper describes the treatment protocol for a young man with sports betting addiction. Method: the treatment proposal consisted in a cognitive behavioral therapy which focused on deconditioning of gambling situations; training of skills needed to prevent relapses and overcome risky situations; information on gambling risks; change of attitude towards gambling; and promotion of a healthy lifestyle incompatible with gambling addiction. Results: both the treatment phases and the theoretical basis of the intervention proposal are described. The patient, diagnosed with a severe gambling disorder, showed improvements in the gambling disorder criteria and the Symptom Severity Scale Score. Conclusions: a treatment protocol for online gambling addiction, which is based on the principles of motivation and learning, has been developed. This protocol has demonstrated to be effective in reducing gambling behavior and promoting a new healthy lifestyle.
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Alegría, Analucía A., Nancy M. Petry, Deborah S. Hasin, Shang-Min Liu, Bridget F. Grant und Carlos Blanco. „Disordered Gambling Among Racial and Ethnic Groups in the US: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions“. CNS Spectrums 14, Nr. 3 (März 2009): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900020113.
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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Prior research suggests that racial minority groups in the United States are more vulnerable to develop a gambling disorder than whites. However, no national survey on gambling disorders exists that has focused on ethnic differences.Methods: Analyses of this study were based on the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a large (N=43,093) nationally representative survey of the adult (≥18 years of age) population residing in house-holds during 2001–2002 period. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Text Revision diagnoses of pathological gambling, mood, anxiety, drug use, and personality disorders were based on the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IVVersion.Results: Prevalence rates of disordered gambling among blacks (2.2%) and Native/Asian Americans (2.3%) were higher than that of whites (1.2%). Demographic characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity differed among Hispanic, black, and white disordered gamblers. However, all racial and ethnic groups evidenced similarities with respect to symptom patterns, time course, and treatment seeking for pathological gambling.Conclusion: The prevalence of disordered gambling, but not its onset or course of symptoms, varies by racial and ethnic group. These varying prevalence rates may reflect, at least in part, cultural differences in gambling and its acceptability and accessibility. These data may inform the need for targeted prevention strategies for high-risk racial and ethnic groups.
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Hollander, Eric, und Jennifer Rosen. „OC Spectrum Disorders: The Impulsive and Schizo-Obsessive Clusters“. CNS Spectrums 4, S3 (Mai 1999): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900007379.
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AbstractTwo symptom clusters within the obsessive-compulsive (OC) spectrum—the impulsive cluster and the schizo-obsessive cluster—are discussed in this paper. Disorders characterized by impulsivity include disorders of impulse control (eg, intermittent explosive disorder, pyromania, kleptomania, pathologic gambling, trichotillomania); paraphilias, sexual impulsions, and sexual addictions; and impulsive aggression personality disorders (eg, borderline, antisocial, histrionic, and narcissistic personality disorders). The schizo-obsessive cluster includes comorbid symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia. Both clusters of disorders have a substantial impact on individuals and society. This article examines the overlap of symptoms between OCD and OC spectrum disorders, along with possible treatment options. Studies on the effectiveness of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treating pathologic gambling, compulsive buying, and comorbid OCD and schizophrenia are presented. The need for additional large scale, adequately-controlled studies is discussed.
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Nelson, Sarah E., Line Gebauer, Richard A. LaBrie und Howard J. Shaffer. „Gambling problem symptom patterns and stability across individual and timeframe.“ Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 23, Nr. 3 (September 2009): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0016053.
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Baumgartner, Christian, Elena Bilevicius, Yasser Khazaal, Sophia Achab, Susanne Schaaf, Andreas Wenger, Severin Haug, Matthew Keough, David Hodgins und Michael P. Schaub. „Efficacy of a web-based self-help tool to reduce problem gambling in Switzerland: study protocol of a two-armed randomised controlled trial“. BMJ Open 9, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2019): e032110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032110.
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IntroductionThe past-year prevalence of problem gambling worldwide averages 2.3%. Switzerland exhibits a slightly lower past-year prevalence rate, of 1.1%, among adults. Only a minority of these adults attend outpatient treatment. Surveyed problem gamblers have explained that they wanted to handle the problem on their own. The option of a web-based self-help programme could potentially reach those users who hesitate to approach treatment centres and help them to reduce or stop their problem gambling. The effectiveness of such web-based interventions has been shown in other countries.Methods and analysisThis two-armed randomised controlled trial (RCT) will examine the efficacy of a web-based self-help intervention, relative to an active control condition with a self-help manual, at reducing problem gambling. The active intervention programme, spanning 8 weeks, consists of nine modules developed to reduce gambling and attenuate psychopathological comorbidity, including depression, anxiety and stress-related disorder symptoms, relying on motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioural therapy. With a target sample size of 352, questionnaire data will be collected at baseline, and at 8 and 24 weeks after baseline. Primary outcomes will be the number of days one has gambled in the last 30 days. Secondary outcomes will include money and time spent on gambling activities, changes in gambling-related problems (Problem Gambling Severity Index, Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale), use of alcohol and cigarettes, and psychopathological comorbidity. All data analysis will comply with the intention-to-treat principle.Ethics and disseminationThe RCT will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki; the consort eHealth Guidelines for studies on medical devices; the European Directive on medical devices 93/42/EEC, Swiss Law and Swiss Regulatory Authority requirements. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Canton of Zurich. Results will be published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal. Participants will be informed via e-mail about study results via a lay-person-friendly summary of trial findings.Trial registration numberCurrent Controlled Trials registry (ISRCTN16339434).
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Marchetti, Verrocchio und Porcelli. „Gambling Problems and Alexithymia: A Systematic Review“. Brain Sciences 9, Nr. 8 (07.08.2019): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9080191.
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Among the factors that are thought to underlie gambling problems, alexithymia has been recognized to contribute to their development. For the first time, we reviewed the literature on the relationship between alexithymia and gambling. A systematic search of literature was run in the major reference databases including PubMed, Cochrane Database for Systematic Review, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus until April 2019. The search produced 182 articles that produced 20 papers included in the review. Fourteen studies were conducted with community samples of pathological gamblers while six studies with clinical samples of disordered gamblers. All studies assessed alexithymia with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale while gambling problems were assessed mostly with the South Oaks Gambling Screen. Alexithymic features were significantly more prevalent in pathological gamblers both at the community and clinical levels, increased symptom severity, and showed interactive mechanisms with personality, psychiatric, and cognitive factors. Alexithymia is likely to associate with gambling as a coping behavior to increase emotional arousal and avoid negative emotions, according to the affect dysregulation model. Further studies are needed to widen the knowledge on this association.
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Joutsa, Juho, Jarkko Johansson, Solja Niemelä, Antti Ollikainen, Mika M. Hirvonen, Petteri Piepponen, Eveliina Arponen et al. „Mesolimbic dopamine release is linked to symptom severity in pathological gambling“. NeuroImage 60, Nr. 4 (Mai 2012): 1992–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.02.006.
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Hawker, Chloe O., Stephanie S. Merkouris, George J. Youssef und Nicki A. Dowling. „A Smartphone-Delivered Ecological Momentary Intervention for Problem Gambling (GamblingLess: Curb Your Urge): Single-Arm Acceptability and Feasibility Trial“. Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, Nr. 3 (26.03.2021): e25786. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25786.
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Background Low uptake rates of traditional gambling treatments highlight the need for innovative treatment modalities. Smartphone apps can provide unprecedented access to real-time ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) delivered in people’s everyday lives. Objective This study aims to examine the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of GamblingLess: Curb Your Urge, the first smartphone app–delivered EMI that aims to prevent gambling episodes by reducing craving intensity in people seeking help for gambling problems. Methods This study was a single-arm, 5-week acceptability and feasibility trial (1-week baseline and 4-week intervention periods) involving ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) delivered 3 times daily. The EMAs measured gambling episodes, cravings, and self-efficacy. Web-based evaluations at baseline, postintervention, and 1-month follow-up measured gambling outcomes (severity, cravings, frequency, expenditure, and self-efficacy) and the intervention’s perceived helpfulness, relevance, burden, satisfaction, and impact in relation to gambling cravings. Results A total of 36 participants, of whom 22/36 (61%) were male and 34/36 (94%) were problem gamblers, completed the baseline measures, with 61% (22/36) completing the postintervention evaluation and 58% (21/36) completing the follow-up evaluation. The intervention was considered acceptable, as participants perceived all intervention content to be above average in helpfulness and the EMA to be highly relevant but somewhat burdensome. Participants reported that they were satisfied with the intervention and that the intervention improved their knowledge, attitudes, awareness, behavior change, intention to change, and help-seeking behavior for gambling cravings. Regarding the intervention’s feasibility, compliance rates for the EMA (51%) and EMI (15%) were low; however, the intervention was used 166 times, including 59 uses within 60 minutes of EMA completion and 107 on-demand uses. Regarding the intervention’s preliminary effectiveness, descriptive EMA data showed that, compared with the baseline period, 71% and 72% reductions in the average number of gambling episodes and craving occurrences were reported in the intervention period, respectively. In addition, clustered paired-sample two-tailed t tests revealed a significant 5.4% reduction in real-time craving intensity (P=.01) immediately after intervention use, which increased to 10.5% (P=.01), where use was recommended based on craving occurrence. At the group level, significant medium-to-large reductions were observed in mean gambling symptom severity (P=.01 and .003), cravings (P=.03 and .02), frequency (P=.01 and .004), and expenditure (P=.04 and .003) at postintervention and follow-up; moreover, increased mean gambling self-efficacy and craving self-efficacy (P=.01 and .01) were observed at postintervention and increased gambling self-efficacy (P=.04) was observed at follow-up. At the individual level, over a quarter of participants (6/22, 27% to 10/21, 48%) could be categorized as recovered or improved regarding their gambling symptom severity and cravings. Conclusions The results support the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of this app-delivered EMI for preventing gambling episodes through craving management in people with gambling problems, which has implications for extending the reach of evidence-based treatment to moments of vulnerability in people’s everyday lives.
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Mestre-Bach, Gemma, Trevor Steward, Roser Granero, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez, Núria Mallorquí-Bagué, Teresa Mena-Moreno et al. „The predictive capacity of DSM-5 symptom severity and impulsivity on response to cognitive-behavioral therapy for gambling disorder: A 2-year longitudinal study“. European Psychiatry 55 (Januar 2019): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.09.002.
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AbstractBackground:DSM-5 proposed a new operational system by using the number of fulfilled criteria as an indicator of gambling disorder severity. This method has proven to be controversial among researchers and clinicians alike, due to the lack of studies indicating whether severity, as measured by these criteria, is clinically relevant in terms of treatment outcome. Additionally, numerous studies have highlighted the associations between gambling disorder and impulsivity, though few have examined the impact of impulsivity on long-term treatment outcomes.Methods:In this study, we aimed to assess the predictive value of DSM-5 severity levels on response to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in a sample of male adults seeking treatment for gambling disorder (n = 398). Furthermore, we explored longitudinal predictors of CBT treatment response at a follow-up, considering UPPS-P impulsivity traits.Results:Our study failed to identify differences in treatment outcomes between patients categorized by DSM-5 severity levels. Higher baseline scores in negative urgency predicted relapse during CBT treatment, and higher levels of sensation seeking were predictive of drop-out from short-term treatment, as well as of drop-out at 24-months.Conclusions:These noteworthy findings raise questions regarding the clinical utility of DSM-5 severity categories and lend support to the implementation of dimensional approaches for gambling disorder.
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Suck Won Kim, Jon E. Grant, Marc N. Potenza, Carlos Blanco und Eric Hollander. „The Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale (G-SAS): A reliability and validity study“. Psychiatry Research 166, Nr. 1 (März 2009): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2007.11.008.
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Gavriel-Fried, Belle, Tania Moretta und Marc N. Potenza. „Associations between recovery capital, spirituality, and DSM–5 symptom improvement in gambling disorder.“ Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 34, Nr. 1 (Februar 2020): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000492.
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Fortgang, Rebecca G., Rani A. Hoff und Marc N. Potenza. „Schizophrenia symptom severity and motivations for gambling in individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder“. Psychiatry Research 291 (September 2020): 113281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113281.
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Ong, Hui Shan Rebecca, Chao-Xu Peh, P. V. Asharani und Song Guo. „Factor structure of the Gambling Symptom Assessment Scale among treatment-seeking adults in Singapore“. International Gambling Studies 16, Nr. 3 (21.08.2016): 442–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2016.1223149.
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Jiménez-Murcia, Susana, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Roser Granero, Mariano Chóliz, Melania La Verde, Eugenio Aguglia, Maria S. Signorelli et al. „Video Game Addiction in Gambling Disorder: Clinical, Psychopathological, and Personality Correlates“. BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/315062.
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Objective. We studied the prevalences of video game use (VGU) and addiction (VGA) in gambling disorder (GD) patients and compared them with subjects with non-video game use (non-VGU) in relation to their gambling behavior, psychopathology, and personality characteristics.Method. A sample of 193 GD patients (121 non-VGU, 43 VGU, and 29 VGA) consecutively admitted to our pathological gambling unit participated in the study.Assessment. Measures included the video game dependency test (VDT), symptom checklist-90-revised, and the temperament and character inventory-revised, as well as a number of other GD indices.Results. In GD, the observed prevalence of VG (use or addiction) was 37.3% (95% CI:30.7%÷44.3),VGU 22.3% (95% CI:17.0%÷28.7), and VGA 15% (95% CI:10.7%÷20.7). Orthogonal polynomial contrast into logistic regression showed positive linear trends for VG level and GD severity and other measures of general psychopathology. After structural equation modeling, higher VG total scores were associated with younger age, general psychopathology, and specific personality traits, but not with GD severity. Patients’ sex and age were involved in the mediational pathways between personality traits and VG impairment.Conclusions. GD patients with VG are younger and present more dysfunctional personality traits, and more general psychopathology. The presence of VG did not affect the severity of GD.
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Grant, Jon E., Brian L. Odlaug, Marc N. Potenza, Eric Hollander und Suck Won Kim. „Nalmefene in the treatment of pathological gambling: multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study“. British Journal of Psychiatry 197, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2010): 330–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.078105.
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SummaryPathological gambling is a disabling disorder experienced by about 1% of adults. We randomised 233 participants (41.6% women) 1:1:1 to nalmefene (20 or 40 mg) or placebo. In analyses performed using an intention-to-treat (ITT) population, nalmefene failed to show statistically significant differences from placebo on primary and secondary outcomes. Post hoc analyses of only participants who received a full titration of the medication for at least 1 week demonstrated that nalmefene 40 mg/day resulted in significantly greater reductions on the primary outcome measure. These findings suggest that medication dosing may be an important consideration in achieving symptom control.
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Wegmann, Elisa, Silke M. Müller, Patrick Trotzke und Matthias Brand. „Social-networks-related stimuli interferes decision making under ambiguity: Interactions with cue-induced craving and problematic social-networks use“. Journal of Behavioral Addictions 10, Nr. 2 (19.07.2021): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00036.
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AbstractBackground and aimsSocial-networks-use disorder is discussed as a potential further type of disorders due to addictive behaviors. Theoretical models assume cue-induced craving and disadvantageous decision making to be relevant mechanisms. This study investigates if the presentation of social-networks-related cues interferes with decision making under ambiguity.MethodsCraving was induced with a cue-reactivity paradigm and assessed with a visual analogue scale. Participants (N = 146) played a modified Iowa Gambling Task with social-networks-related cues and neutral cues presented on the advantageous and disadvantageous decks respectively, or vice versa. Symptoms of social-networks-use disorder were measured with a modified version of the short Internet Addiction Test.ResultsOverall, participants chose options with neutral cues more often than those with social-networks-related cues, even if it was disadvantageous. There was a significant interaction between decision-making performance and Iowa Gambling Task condition in predicting symptom severity. The results indicate that choosing decks with social-networks-related cues even if it was disadvantageous is associated with higher tendencies towards a social-networks-use disorder. The interaction with cue-induced craving did not explain further variance.Discussion and ConclusionsThe results highlight the relevance of cue reactivity, decision making, and their interaction as potential mechanisms explaining tendencies towards a social-networks-use disorder. Decision making was influenced by affective responses, which could result in a higher risk of a potential addictive behavior. This is consistent with the findings from addiction research and with theoretical approaches assuming an imbalance between affective and cognitive processes in addictive behaviors.
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Wölfling, K. „FC03-02 - Internet addiction - the new digital disorder“. European Psychiatry 26, S2 (März 2011): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73527-1.
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Internet Addiction has become a serious health concern in Europe due to widespread currency and accessibility of various internet applications like online computer gaming, monetary driven gambling or social communities. Under the leadership of the American Psychiatric Association it has recently been proposed to subsume pathological gambling as a behavioral addiction under the new category: Addiction and Related Disorders’ acknowledging commonalities in clinical expression, aetiology and comorbidity with substance related disorders. Also, Internet addiction has been proposed as a new (research) diagnosis in DSM V. The outstanding psychological symptom patients concerned report is an irresistibly urge to be online’. This can lead to constrained behavior which entails psychobiological harm for the user and leads to an addictive behaviour (behavioural addiction). Patients show psychopathological patterns (tolerance, withdrawal, interpersonal conflict, mood modification, relapse) comparable to substance-related disorders.The talk will outline recent results of psychological research and psychiatric as well as clinical characterization of Internet Addiction. A special focus within the lecture will be on different strategies of intervention. This includes counselling of patients and their relatives as well as outpatient group treatment and individual psychotherapy of Internet Addiction. Complementary, first outcomes of the evaluation of a cognitive behavioral based outpatient therapy from the Ambulanz für Spielsucht Mainz’ will be presented.
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Ahearn, David J., Kathryn McDonald, Michelle Barraclough und Iracema Leroi. „An Exploration of Apathy and Impulsivity in Parkinson Disease“. Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/390701.
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Background. Apathy and impulsivity in Parkinson disease (PD) are associated with clinically significant behavioral disorders.Aim. To explore the phenomenology, distribution, and clinical correlates of these two behaviors.Methods. In PD participants (n=99) without dementia we explored the distribution of measures of motivation and impulsivity using univariate methods. We then undertook factor analysis to define specific underlying dimensions of apathy and impulsivity. Regression models were developed to determine the associated demographic and clinical features of the derived dimensions.Results. The factor analysis of apathy (AES-C) revealed a two-factor solution: “cognitive-behavior” and “social indifference”. The factor analysis of impulsivity (BIS-11) revealed a five-factor solution: “inattention”; “impetuosity”; “personal security”; “planning”; and “future orientation”. Apathy was significantly associated with: age, age of motor symptom onset (positive correlation), disease stage, motor symptom severity, and depression. Impulsivity was significantly associated with: age of motor symptom onset (negative correlation), gambling and anxiety scores, and motor complications. We observed an overlap of apathy and impulsivity in some participants.Conclusion. In PD, apathy and impulsivity have specific phenomenological profiles and are associated with particular clinical phenotypes. In spite of this, there is some overlap of behaviors which may suggests common aspects in the pathology underlying motivation and reward processes.
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Carlson, E., und D. Haaga. „B-33 Cognitive Mechanisms Associated with Emotion-Focused Pulling in Trichotillomania“. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, Nr. 6 (25.07.2019): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.116.
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Abstract Objective A revised version of the Milwaukee Inventory for Subtypes of Trichotillomania-Adult (MIST-A) provides scores for two distinct behavioral patterns of hair pulling in trichotillomania: emotion and intention pulling. The current study explored the relationship between these scales and several cognitive domains. Method This study used baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of a cognitive-behavior therapy intervention for trichotillomania. Participants from the general community were eligible if they met diagnostic criteria for trichotillomania. Thirty-two individuals were enrolled and completed baseline measures. The sample was 78% female, and the mean age was 34. At baseline, participants completed diagnostic interviews, self-report symptom questionnaires, and tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (the stop-signal test, the intra/extra dimensional shift task, and the Cambridge gambling task ). These provided scores of intra and extra dimensional set-shifting, response inhibition, decision making quality, and sensitivity to risk. Correlational analyses were conducted comparing each cognitive score to each MIST-A score. Results Analyses revealed significant negative correlations between emotion pulling score and decision making quality r (30) = -.383, = .031 and emotion pulling score and sensitivity to risk r (30) = -.396, p = .025. Conclusion These findings provide initial insight into some of the cognitive mechanisms associated with emotion focused pulling. Individuals who pull their hair with the aim of reducing negative emotions (e.g. boredom, anxiety) showed themselves on the gambling task to be more willing to bet on an unlikely outcome, and less willing to adjust their betting amount according to the likelihood of an outcome.
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Benke, Theresa, Josef Marksteiner, Beatrix Ruepp, Elisabeth M. Weiss und Laura Zamarian. „Decision Making under Risk in Patients Suffering from Schizophrenia or Depression“. Brain Sciences 11, Nr. 9 (07.09.2021): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091178.
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Studies have reported difficulties in decision making for patients with schizophrenia or depression. Here, we investigated whether there are differences between schizophrenia patients, depressed patients, and healthy individuals (HC) when decisions are to be made under risk and cognitive flexibility is required. We were also interested in the relationships between decision making, cognitive functioning, and disease severity. Thirty HC, 28 schizophrenia patients, and 28 depressed patients underwent structured clinical assessments and were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale or Hamilton Rating Scale. They performed the Probability-Associated Gambling (PAG) Task and a neuropsychological test battery. Both patient groups obtained lower scores than HC in memory and executive function measures. In the PAG task, relative to HC, depressed patients made slower decisions but showed a comparable number of advantageous decisions or strategy flexibility. Schizophrenia patients were slower, riskier, and less flexible compared to HC. For them, the decision making behavior correlated with the symptom severity. In both groups, decision making scores correlated with memory and executive function scores. Patients with schizophrenia or depression may have difficulties under risk when quick and flexible decisions are required. These difficulties may be more pronounced in patients who have marked cognitive deficits or severe clinical symptoms.
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Gavriel-Fried, Belle, Tania Moretta und Marc N. Potenza. „Recovery Capital and Symptom Improvement in Gambling Disorder: Correlations with Spirituality and Stressful Life Events in Younger but Not Older Adults“. Journal of Gambling Studies 36, Nr. 4 (06.11.2019): 1379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10899-019-09905-5.
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Toneatto, Tony. „A cognitive-behavioral analysis of Gamblers Anonymous“. Journal of Gambling Issues, Nr. 21 (01.06.2008): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2008.21.7.
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy is often placed in opposition to twelve-step approaches in the treatment of addictions. While the former is accompanied by considerable empirical support and tend to be relatively brief and symptom-focused, twelve-step approaches are often more widely available, accessible without cost and can provide long-term, ongoing support. Very few studies have directly compared these approaches in the treatment of problem gambling. The purpose of this article is to briefly examine the twelve steps of Gamblers Anonymous (GA) and show their essential comparability to concepts and strategies commonly found in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). The striking similarities in intention and process between these two approaches are shown for each of the 12 steps despite their differences in their conceptual and linguistic framework. The result of this analysis is to encourage integration of these complementary approaches based on the common ingredients of therapeutic change rather than on ideologically-based differences.
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Albertella, Lucy, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Mike E. Le Pelley, Lisa-Marie Greenwood, Rico SC Lee, Lauren Den Ouden, Rebecca A. Segrave, Jon E. Grant und Murat Yücel. „Compulsivity is measurable across distinct psychiatric symptom domains and is associated with familial risk and reward-related attentional capture“. CNS Spectrums 25, Nr. 4 (24.10.2019): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852919001330.
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AbstractBackground.Compulsivity can be seen across various mental health conditions and refers to a tendency toward repetitive habitual acts that are persistent and functionally impairing. Compulsivity involves dysfunctional reward-related circuitry and is thought to be significantly heritable. Despite this, its measurement from a transdiagnostic perspective has received only scant research attention. Here we examine both the psychometric properties of a recently developed compulsivity scale, as well as its relationship with compulsive symptoms, familial risk, and reward-related attentional capture.Methods. Two-hundred and sixty individuals participated in the study (mean age = 36.0 [SD = 10.8] years; 60.0% male) and completed the Cambridge-Chicago Compulsivity Trait Scale (CHI-T), along with measures of psychiatric symptoms and family history thereof. Participants also completed a task designed to measure reward-related attentional capture (n = 177).Results.CHI-T total scores had a normal distribution and acceptable Cronbach’s alpha (0.84). CHI-T total scores correlated significantly and positively (all p < 0.05, Bonferroni corrected) with Problematic Usage of the Internet, disordered gambling, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, alcohol misuse, and disordered eating. The scale was correlated significantly with history of addiction and obsessive-compulsive related disorders in first-degree relatives of participants and greater reward-related attentional capture.Conclusions. These findings suggest that the CHI-T is suitable for use in online studies and constitutes a transdiagnostic marker for a range of compulsive symptoms, their familial loading, and related cognitive markers. Future work should more extensively investigate the scale in normative and clinical cohorts, and the role of value-modulated attentional capture across compulsive disorders.
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Müller, K. W., U. Dickenhorst, J. Medenwaldt, K. Wölfling und A. Koch. „FC18-03 - Internet addiction as comorbid disorder in patients with a substance-related disorder: results from a survey in german inpatient clinics“. European Psychiatry 26, S2 (März 2011): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73616-1.
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IntroductionInternet Addiction (IA) is discussed as a serious health problem. Epidemiologic investigations show prevalence rates of 3% of internet users that fulfil criteria for IA. Reported symptoms like tolerance, withdrawal, and craving resemble those of substance-related disorders. Although there is no final agreement on the classification of IA, it has often been referred to as a non-substance-related addiction fostering current issues on the next revision of DSM (Holden, 2010).ObjectivesAlthough IA has been investigated in epidemiologic studies there is no research of its prevalence in patients in treatment because of a substance-related disorder. Regarding similarities between IA and substance-related disorders, theories suggest increased prevalence of comorbid IA in these patients.AimsThis study focused on the identification of prevalence of comorbid IA among patients with a primary substance-related disorder in different in-patient clinics across Germany.MethodsSponsored by the German Federal Ministry of Health 1826 patients were screened with a diagnostic inventory for IA. For further description additional questionnaires were given assessing aspects of personality (NEO-FFI) and psychopathology (SCL-90R, BDI-II).Results4.1% of the patients fulfilled criteria of IA. In these most common primary diagnoses were pathological gambling and dependency of cannabis. Concerning personality IA-subsample showed increased neuroticism and introversion. Highest symptom burden was found in depression and social insecurity.ConclusionsAmong patients with substance-related disorder prevalence of IA is more common than in healthy samples. Results recommend separate screening for IA in inpatient clinics for substance-related disorders to guarantee full psychological care for patients with IA.
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Vila-Chã, N., S. Cavaco, A. Mendes, A. Gonçalves, I. Moreira, J. Fernandes, J. Damásio, L. F. Azevedo und J. M. Castro-Lopes. „Central Pain in Parkinson’s Disease: Behavioral and Cognitive Characteristics“. Parkinson's Disease 2021 (10.06.2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5553460.
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Introduction. Pain is a major nonmotor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and central parkinsonian pain is the core feature of the putative Park pain subtype of PD. This study aimed to explore the cognitive and behavioral profile of PD patients with central parkinsonian pain. Material and Methods. A structured interview was used to identify and characterize pain in a cohort of 260 consecutive PD patients. The Ford classification of pain was applied. The Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS-2) and the Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease Short Form (QUIP-S) were administered, and patients’ smoking habits were recorded. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) was used to assess motor and nonmotor symptoms in off and on conditions. Results. One hundred and eighty-eight patients (68%) reported pain; and in 41 (22%) of them, the pain was classified as central parkinsonian pain. PD patients with central parkinsonian pain had better cognitive performance in DRS-2 Initiation/Perseveration and Conceptualization subscales but reported more other compulsive behaviors (e.g., hobbyism, punding, and walkabout) and had more current smoking habits than those without pain or with non-central parkinsonian pain. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the DRS-2 Conceptualization subscale, other compulsive behaviors, and smoking habits remained statistically associated with central parkinsonian pain even when other significant covariates were considered. Only patients with pain, regardless of type, had a gambling disorder. Discussion. The study results provide further evidence that pain revealed that patients with central parkinsonian pain are more likely to present compulsive or addictive behaviors, despite having more preserved cognitive performance. Patients with central parkinsonian pain appear to have a distinct phenotype of PD.
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Linhartová, Pavla, Adéla Látalová, Richard Barteček, Jan Širůček, Pavel Theiner, Anastasia Ejova, Pavlína Hlavatá et al. „Impulsivity in patients with borderline personality disorder: a comprehensive profile compared with healthy people and patients with ADHD“. Psychological Medicine 50, Nr. 11 (23.08.2019): 1829–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719001892.
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AbstractBackgroundImpulsivity is a core symptom of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Impulsivity is a heterogeneous concept, and a comprehensive evaluation of impulsivity dimensions is lacking in the literature. Moreover, it is unclear whether BPD patients manifest impaired cognitive functioning that might be associated with impulsivity in another patient group, such as ADHD, a frequent comorbidity of BPD.MethodsWe tested 39 patients with BPD without major psychiatric comorbidities and ADHD, 25 patients with ADHD, and 55 healthy controls (HC) using a test battery consisting of a self-report measure of impulsivity (UPPS-P questionnaire), behavioral measures of impulsivity – impulsive action (Go/NoGo task, stop signal task) and impulsive choice (delay discounting task, Iowa gambling task), and standardized measures of attention (d2 test), working memory (digit span), and executive functioning (Tower of London).ResultsPatients with BPD and ADHD, as compared with HC, manifested increased self-reported impulsivity except sensation seeking and increased impulsive choice; patients with ADHD but not BPD showed increased impulsive action and deficits in cognitive functioning. Negative urgency was increased in BPD as compared to both HC and ADHD groups and correlated with BPD severity.ConclusionsPatients with BPD without ADHD comorbidity had increased self-reported impulsivity and impulsive choice, but intact impulsive action and cognitive functioning. Controlling for ADHD comorbidity in BPD samples is necessary. Negative urgency is the most diagnostically specific impulsivity dimension in BPD.
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Dobryakova, Ekaterina, Hanneke E. Hulst, Angela Spirou, Nancy D. Chiaravalloti, Helen M. Genova, Glenn R. Wylie und John DeLuca. „Fronto-striatal network activation leads to less fatigue in multiple sclerosis“. Multiple Sclerosis Journal 24, Nr. 9 (19.06.2017): 1174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458517717087.
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Background: The fronto-striatal network has been implicated in both fatigue, a common multiple sclerosis (MS) symptom, and goal attainment, which has been shown to reduce fatigue in healthy individuals. Objectives: To investigate whether stimulation of the fronto-striatal network through goal attainment (potential monetary gain) leads to fatigue reduction in MS and healthy control (HC) participants. Methods: In all, 14 healthy and 19 MS participants performed a gambling task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants were presented with an opportunity to receive monetary reward during the outcome condition of the task but not during the no outcome condition. Self-reported fatigue measures were obtained after each condition and outside of the scanner. Structural alterations were also examined. Results: A significant decrease in fatigue was observed after the outcome condition compared to the no outcome condition in both groups. Significantly greater activation was observed in the ventral striatum in association with the outcome condition compared to the no outcome condition in both groups. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex showed significantly greater activation during the no outcome condition compared to the outcome condition with greater difference between conditions in the HC group. Conclusion: This is the first functional neuroimaging study showing that stimulation of the fronto-striatal network through goal attainment leads to decreased on-task fatigue in MS and healthy participants.
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Grubbs, Joshua B., und Heather Chapman. „Predicting Gambling Situations: The Roles of Impulsivity, Substance Use, and Post-Traumatic Stress“. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 13 (Januar 2019): 117822181985264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178221819852641.
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Gambling disorder and symptoms of post-traumatic stress are highly comorbid. Numerous studies suggest that the presence of one (either disordered gambling or post-traumatic stress) substantially increases the odds of later developing the other. However, little is known about the etiological links between these two domains or the nuances of the comorbidity. Past research has suggested that symptoms of post-traumatic stress might be related to unique motivations for and beliefs about gambling. The present work sought to examine whether or not symptoms of post-traumatic stress might also be related to specific situational vulnerabilities to gambling behaviors. Using a large cross-sectional sample of Internet-using adults in the United States who were primarily recreational gamblers (N = 743; 46% men, Mage = 36.0, SD = 11.1), as well as an inpatient sample of US Armed Forces veterans seeking treatment for gambling disorder (N = 332, 80% men, Mage = 53.5, SD = 11.5), the present work tested whether or not symptoms of post-traumatic stress were uniquely related to a variety of gambling situations. Results in both samples revealed that even when controlling for potentially confounding variables (eg, substance use and trait impulsivity), symptoms of post-traumatic stress were uniquely related to gambling in response to negative affect, gambling in response to social pressure, and gambling due to a need for excitement. These findings are consistent with recent work suggesting that individuals with post-traumatic stress symptoms are more likely to engage in gambling behaviors for unique reasons that differ from gamblers without such symptoms.
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Farrelly, Simone, Christine Ffrench, Rowan P. Ogeil und James G. Phillips. „Coping Strategies and Problem Gambling“. Behaviour Change 24, Nr. 1 (01.03.2007): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.24.1.14.
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AbstractIn DSM-IV, problem gambling is associated with symptoms such as escape, denial, and chasing. However, these symptoms could actually be underlying coping strategies that contribute to the problems associated with gambling behaviour. To address relationships between coping strategies and gambling problems, 65 participants (37 males and 28 females) with a mean age of 37 completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), and questionnaires addressing coping strategies, mood states, and dissociative experiences. Specific subscales addressing coping strategies relevant to DSM-IV symptoms were examined, namely Distancing, Escape-Avoidance and Confrontative Coping. Although fantasy and denial feature in the behaviours of problem gamblers, dissociative tendencies were only indirectly linked to problem gambling status. Instead, problem gambling status was related to depression and greater tendencies towards Confrontative Coping and Distancing. The present data demonstrates several distinct factors associated with gambling problems and suggests confrontation could have a role in problem gambling.
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Grassi, Giacomo, Martijn Figee, Pieter Ooms, Lorenzo Righi, Takashi Nakamae, Stefano Pallanti, Rick Schuurman und Damiaan Denys. „Impulsivity and decision-making in obsessive-compulsive disorder after effective deep brain stimulation or treatment as usual“. CNS Spectrums 23, Nr. 5 (06.04.2018): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852918000846.
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ObjectiveImpulsivity and impaired decision-making have been proposed as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) endophenotypes, running in OCD and their healthy relatives independently of symptom severity and medication status. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the ventral limb of the internal capsule (vALIC) and the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) is an effective treatment strategy for treatment-refractory OCD. The effectiveness of vALIC-DBS for OCD has been linked to its effects on a frontostriatal network that is also implicated in reward, impulse control, and decision-making. While vALIC-DBS has been shown to restore reward dysfunction in OCD patients, little is known about the effects of vALIC-DBS on impulsivity and decision-making. The aim of the study was to compare cognitive impulsivity and decision-making between OCD patients undergoing effective vALIC-DBS or treatment as usual (TAU), and healthy controls.MethodsWe used decision-making performances under ambiguity on the Iowa Gambling Task and reflection impulsivity on the Beads Task to compare 20 OCD patients effectively treated with vALIC-DBS, 40 matched OCD patients undergoing effective TAU (medication and/or cognitive behavioural therapy), and 40 healthy subjects. Effective treatment was defined as at least 35% improvement of OCD symptoms.ResultsOCD patients, irrespective of treatment modality (DBS or TAU), showed increased reflection impulsivity and impaired decision-making compared to healthy controls. No differences were observed between OCD patients treated with DBS or TAU.ConclusionOCD patients effectively treated with vALIC-DBS or TAU display increased reflection impulsivity and impaired decision-making independent of the type of treatment.
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Richard, Jérémie, Émilie Fletcher, Stephanie Boutin, Jeffrey Derevensky und Caroline Temcheff. „Conduct problems and depressive symptoms in association with problem gambling and gaming: A systematic review“. Journal of Behavioral Addictions 9, Nr. 3 (12.10.2020): 497–533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00045.
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AbstractBackground and aimsBehavioral addictions such as gambling and gaming disorder are significant public health issues that are of increasing importance to policy makers and health care providers. Problem gambling and gaming behaviors have been identified as being associated with externalizing and internalizing problems, with theoretical models suggesting that both conduct problems and depressive symptoms may be significant risk factors in the development of problem gambling and gaming. As such, the purpose of this systematic review is to provide an overview of research identifying the relationship between conduct problems, depressive symptoms and problem gambling and gaming among adolescents and young adults.MethodsSystematic literature searches in accordance with PRISMA guidelines found 71 eligible studies that met the inclusion criteria, 47 for problem gambling, 23 for problem gaming and one for both problem behaviors.ResultsBased on cross-sectional evidence, both problem gambling and gaming are consistently concurrently associated with conduct problems and depressive symptoms. Longitudinal evidence appears to be clearer for conduct problems as a risk factor for problem gambling, and depressive symptoms as a risk factor for problem gaming. However, both risk factors appear to increase the risk for these problem behaviors.Discussion and ConclusionsResults from the literature review suggest that problem gambling and gaming are associated with the presence of conduct problems and depressive symptoms, with the potential of sharing common etiological factors. Additional research is necessary to confirm these longitudinal relationships with an emphasis on investigating the interaction of both early conduct problems and depressive symptoms.
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Elgar, Frank J., Natale Canale, Michael J. A. Wohl, Michela Lenzi und Alessio Vieno. „Relative deprivation and disordered gambling in youths“. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, Nr. 7 (07.03.2018): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209858.
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BackgroundPrevious research has found that area-level income inequality and individual-level relative deprivation both contribute to disordered gambling in adults. However, the socioeconomic factors that contribute to disordered gambling in youths and protective factors in their social environment have not been fully explored. This study examined the association between relative deprivation and youth disordered gambling and the potential moderating role of social support in this association.MethodsWe used data on family material assets and self-reported symptoms of disordered gambling symptoms in 19 321 participants of the 2013/2014 Italian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. Relative deprivation was measured using the Yitzhaki index and classmates as a social reference group. Its association with disordered gambling was tested using multilevel negative binomial regression analyses. We also tested moderated effects of relative deprivation on disordered gambling by four sources of social support: families, peers, teachers and classmates.ResultsRelative deprivation related to a fourfold increase in the rate of disordered gambling symptoms (incidence rate ratio=4.18) after differences in absolute family wealth and other variables were statistically controlled. Symptoms were also more prevalent in males, first-generation immigrants and less supported youth. Peer support moderated the association between relative deprivation and symptoms, suggesting that high deprivation and low peer support have interactive links to disordered gambling.ConclusionRelative deprivation among classmates relate to youth symptoms of disordered gambling. Youth who live in economically unequal settings and perceive a lack of social support may be at greatest risk.
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Grant, Jon E., und Suck Won Kim. „Dissociative Symptoms in Pathological Gambling“. Psychopathology 36, Nr. 4 (2003): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000072790.
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Aymamí, N., S. Jiménez-Murcia, R. Granero, J. A. Ramos-Quiroga, F. Fernández-Aranda, L. Claes, A. Sauvaget et al. „Clinical, Psychopathological, and Personality Characteristics Associated with ADHD among Individuals Seeking Treatment for Gambling Disorder“. BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/965303.
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Objectives. (1) To assess the current presence of ADHD symptoms among patients seeking treatment for gambling disorder; (2) to explore clinical and sociodemographic differences between patients who score high and low on the measure of ADHD symptoms; (3) to analyze whether the presence of ADHD symptoms is associated with more severe psychopathology and with specific personality traits; (4) to analyze the mediating role of ADHD symptoms in the relationship between novelty seeking and gambling severity.Method. A total of 354 consecutive patients were administered an extensive battery assessing gambling behavior, psychopathology, and personality traits.Results. Male and female gamblers did not differ significantly in their mean scores on the ADHD measure. However, younger participants aged 18–35 scored higher. Higher ADHD scores were also associated with greater severity of gambling disorder and more general psychopathology. Regarding personality traits, high persistence and self-directedness were negatively related to ADHD scores, while in women alone a positive correlation was found between ADHD scores and scores on harm avoidance and self-transcendence.Conclusion. The presence of ADHD symptoms in both male and female gambling disorder patients may act as an indicator of the severity of gambling, general psychopathology, and dysfunctional personality traits.
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Donati, Maria Anna, Silvia Cabrini, Daniela Capitanucci, Caterina Primi, Roberta Smaniotto, Maurizio Avanzi, Eleonora Quadrelli, Giovanna Bielli, Alfredo Casini und Alessandra Roaro. „Being a Gambler during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study with Italian Patients and the Effects of Reduced Exposition“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 2 (07.01.2021): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020424.
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The COVID-19 pandemic, with the consequent lockdown of about 3 months, can be viewed as an experimental model to observe the impact of the depletion of environmental factors that stimulate gambling, particularly electronic gambling machines (EGMs) that were set to zero. The effects of some structural characteristics of gambling activities that increase gambling behavior were studied among disordered gamblers in treatment in this unique scenario. In fact, studies investigating the effects of the lockdown on problem gamblers (PGs) under treatment are missing. The aims of this study were to analyze patients’ gambling behavior and craving during the lockdown and to conduct a comparison between gambling disorder (GD) symptoms at the beginning of the treatment and during lockdown. The study was conducted in Italy, the European country with the largest gambling market and the first to be affected by the virus. Data were collected through a semi-structured telephone interview conducted by healthcare professionals. Participants were 135 PGs under treatment (109 males, mean age = 50.07). Results showed that most PGs achieved a significant improvement in their quality of life, with less gambling behavior, GD symptoms, and lower craving. No shift toward online gambling and very limited shift towards other potential addictive and excessive behaviors occurred. The longer the treatment, the more monitoring is present and the better the results in terms of symptoms reduction. Individual and environmental characteristics during the lockdown favored the reduction in symptoms. Consideration for prevention and treatment are discussed.
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Donati, Maria Anna, Silvia Cabrini, Daniela Capitanucci, Caterina Primi, Roberta Smaniotto, Maurizio Avanzi, Eleonora Quadrelli, Giovanna Bielli, Alfredo Casini und Alessandra Roaro. „Being a Gambler during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study with Italian Patients and the Effects of Reduced Exposition“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 2 (07.01.2021): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020424.
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The COVID-19 pandemic, with the consequent lockdown of about 3 months, can be viewed as an experimental model to observe the impact of the depletion of environmental factors that stimulate gambling, particularly electronic gambling machines (EGMs) that were set to zero. The effects of some structural characteristics of gambling activities that increase gambling behavior were studied among disordered gamblers in treatment in this unique scenario. In fact, studies investigating the effects of the lockdown on problem gamblers (PGs) under treatment are missing. The aims of this study were to analyze patients’ gambling behavior and craving during the lockdown and to conduct a comparison between gambling disorder (GD) symptoms at the beginning of the treatment and during lockdown. The study was conducted in Italy, the European country with the largest gambling market and the first to be affected by the virus. Data were collected through a semi-structured telephone interview conducted by healthcare professionals. Participants were 135 PGs under treatment (109 males, mean age = 50.07). Results showed that most PGs achieved a significant improvement in their quality of life, with less gambling behavior, GD symptoms, and lower craving. No shift toward online gambling and very limited shift towards other potential addictive and excessive behaviors occurred. The longer the treatment, the more monitoring is present and the better the results in terms of symptoms reduction. Individual and environmental characteristics during the lockdown favored the reduction in symptoms. Consideration for prevention and treatment are discussed.
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Dowling, Nicki A., Carla A. Butera, Stephanie S. Merkouris, George J. Youssef, Simone N. Rodda und Alun C. Jackson. „The Reciprocal Association between Problem Gambling and Mental Health Symptoms/Substance Use: Cross-Lagged Path Modelling of Longitudinal Cohort Data“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, Nr. 11 (06.11.2019): 1888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111888.
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To date, studies have highlighted cross-sectional and unidirectional prospective relationships between problem gambling and mental health symptoms or substance use. The current study aims to: (1) examine the reciprocal relationships between problem gambling and mental health symptoms (depression, generalized anxiety)/substance use variables (hazardous alcohol use, daily tobacco use, and drug use) using cross-lagged path models in a prospective general population cohort sample; and (2) determine whether these associations are moderated by age and gender. This study involved secondary data analysis from 1109 respondents who provided data during Wave 2 or 3 (12-months apart) of the Tasmanian Longitudinal Gambling Study (Australia). Depression (odds ratio (OR) = 2.164) and generalized anxiety (OR = 2.300) at Wave 2 were found to have cross-lagged associations with the subsequent development of any-risk gambling (low-risk, moderate-risk, or problem gambling) at Wave 3. Hazardous alcohol use, daily tobacco use, and drug use at Wave 2 were not associated with the development of any-risk gambling at Wave 3. Any-risk gambling at Wave 2 was not associated with the subsequent development of any mental health symptoms or substance use variables at Wave 3. Age and gender failed to be significant moderators in the associations between any-risk gambling and mental health symptoms or substance use variables. Future longitudinal and event-level research is required to further substantiate these prospective relationships, with a view to developing targeted preventions and interventions.
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Chamberlain, Samuel R., Sarah A. Redden, Eric Leppink und Jon E. Grant. „Problematic internet use in gamblers: impact on clinical and cognitive measures“. CNS Spectrums 22, Nr. 6 (12.09.2017): 495–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852917000037.
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ObjectiveGambling is a commonplace phenomenon, existing along a continuum from occasional gambling to functionally impairing gambling disorder. The internet may act as a conduit for some gambling behaviors. The impact of problematic internet use on clinical and cognitive features relevant to gambling has received little research attention.MethodsA total of 206 adults aged 18–30 years who gamble at least five times per year were recruited from the general community and undertook detailed clinical and cognitive assessments. Problematic internet use was defined using a total score of 5 or more on Young’s Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ). Linear regression was employed to evaluate the relative contribution of addictive-related, impulsive-related, and compulsive-related measures in predicting YDQ total scores in gamblers.ResultsGamblers with problematic internet use (18% of the sample) reported lower quality of life, lower self-esteem, elevated rates of intermittent explosive disorder, gambling disorder symptoms, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, antisocial personality disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as relative deficits in decision making and spatial working memory. In linear regression, the extent of problematic internet use was most significantly associated with increased gambling disorder symptoms and increased ADHD symptoms.ConclusionsProblematic internet use in gamblers is associated with worse quality of life, more problem/pathological gambling symptoms, more psychiatric morbidities, and select cognitive impairment. Refinement of the definition of problematic internet use and exploration of its clinical and cognitive associations are likely to be highly relevant to the treatment of problematic gambling.
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Theule, Jennifer, Kylee E. Hurl, Kristene Cheung, Michelle Ward und Brenna Henrikson. „Exploring the Relationships Between Problem Gambling and ADHD: A Meta-Analysis“. Journal of Attention Disorders 23, Nr. 12 (Februar 2016): 1427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054715626512.
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Objective: At present, there are inconsistencies in the literature pertaining to the association between ADHD and problem gambling. This study utilized meta-analytic techniques to clarify the association between symptoms of problem gambling and symptoms of ADHD. Method: Several meta-analyses were conducted using a random effects model. PsycINFO, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies. Results: The weighted mean correlation between ADHD symptomology and gambling severity was r = .17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.12, 0.22], p < .001. Mean age of the sample was the only moderator to approach significance, with greater age being linked to a stronger relationship between symptoms of ADHD and gambling severity. Conclusion: Clinicians needs to be cognizant of the greater risk of ADHD symptoms when working with problem gamblers and vice versa.
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Matheson, Kimberly, Michael J. A. Wohl und Hymie Anisman. „The Interplay of Appraisals, Specific Coping Styles, and Depressive Symptoms Among Young Male and Female Gamblers“. Social Psychology 40, Nr. 4 (Januar 2009): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335.40.4.212.
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The present study assessed gambling appraisals and specific coping styles among 400 young male (n = 230) and female (n = 170) gamblers. Of particular interest was to determine whether gender variations in stress-related responses are associated with the degree of gambling pathology, depressive symptoms, and attitude to seeking treatment. Results showed that greater appraisals of threat, illusions of control, and negative outcome expectancies were associated with higher levels of gambling pathology, particularly among males. Further, among women, gambling propensity was associated with reduced social support seeking, whereas for men gambling pathology was primarily accounted for by increased use of wishful thinking. These coping strategies, combined with other internally oriented emotion-focused strategies, mediated the relation between gambling and depressive symptoms. Not surprisingly, more positive attitudes to treatment seeking were reported by those with a greater propensity to use problem-solving and support seeking coping efforts. The utility of assessing specific components that comprise a gambler’s stress-response is discussed.
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Merkouris, Stephanie S., Christopher J. Greenwood, George J. Youssef, Primrose Letcher, Suzanne Vassallo, Nicki A. Dowling und Craig A. Olsson. „Adult Gambling Problems and Histories of Mental Health and Substance Use: Findings from a Prospective Multi-Wave Australian Cohort Study“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, Nr. 7 (01.04.2021): 1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10071406.
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Little is known about the cumulative effect of adolescent and young adult mental health difficulties and substance use problems on gambling behaviour in adulthood. We use data from one of Australia’s longest running studies of social and emotional development to examine the extent to which: (1) mental health symptoms (depressive and anxiety symptoms) and substance use (weekly binge drinking, tobacco, and cannabis use) from adolescence (13–18 years) into young adulthood (19–28 years) predict gambling problems in adulthood (31–32 years); and (2) risk relationships differ by sex. Analyses were based on responses from 1365 adolescent and young adult participants, spanning seven waves of data collection (1998–2014). Persistent adolescent to young adult binge drinking, tobacco use and cannabis use predicted gambling at age 31–32 years (OR = 2.30–3.42). Binge drinking and tobacco use in young adulthood also predicted gambling at age 31–32 years (OR = 2.04–2.54). Prior mental health symptoms were not associated with gambling and no risk relationships differed by sex. Findings suggest that gambling problems in adulthood may be related to the earlier development of other addictive behaviours, and that interventions targeting substance use from adolescence to young adulthood may confer additional gains in preventing later gambling behaviours.
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Erevik, Eilin K., Ståle Pallesen, Mette Mohn, Trond Aspeland, Øystein Vedaa und Torbjørn Torsheim. „The Norwegian remote intervention programme for problem gambling: Short- and long-term outcomes“. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 37, Nr. 4 (August 2020): 365–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072520947247.
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Background and aim: Although problem gambling typically involves substantial distress, few seek face-to-face treatment. In Norway, problem gamblers can participate in a governmental supported internet- and telephone-based intervention programme. The current study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of this programme in terms of gambling behaviour, gambling-related cognitions and mental health in a one group pre-test post-test design with a follow-up assessment. Methods: The sample consisted of the 67 participants who completed the intervention programme within a one-year timeframe. Gambling behaviour (SOGS-R), gambling-related cognitions (GBQ) and mental health (SCL-90-R) were measured pre-intervention, post-intervention and at a 6−12 months follow-up. A total of 25 (37.3%) participants completed the follow-up assessment. T-tests were conducted to investigate development in gambling behaviour, gambling-related cognitions and mental health from pre-intervention to post-intervention and follow-up. Results: The analyses showed a significant reduction in gambling behaviour, gambling problems, gambling-related cognitive distortions and mental health symptoms from pre-intervention to post-intervention and follow-up. The corresponding effect sizes for the reductions in gambling and gambling-related cognitive distortions were very large, while the effect sizes for the reductions in mental distress were moderate. Conclusion: The internet/telephone programme appears to have several positive outcomes including reduction in gambling behaviour, gambling problems, gambling-related cognitive distortions and symptoms of mental disorders both in the short and long term. Another positive outcome of participation appears to be a lowered threshold for seeking additional treatment. The current study entails, however, important limitations, and future studies should investigate the outcomes of the programme while including a control group.
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Petry, Nancy M. „Psychiatric Symptoms in Problem Gambling and Non-Problem Gambling Substance Abusers“. American Journal on Addictions 9, Nr. 2 (Januar 2000): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10550490050173235.
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