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Vasiliev, Mikhail, Mohammad Nur-E-Alam und Kamal Alameh. „Initial Field Testing Results from Building-Integrated Solar Energy Harvesting Windows Installation in Perth, Australia“. Applied Sciences 9, Nr. 19 (24.09.2019): 4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194002.
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We report on the field testing datasets and performance evaluation results obtained from a commercial property-based visually-clear solar window installation site in Perth-Australia. This installation was fitted into a refurbished shopping center entrance porch and showcases the potential of glass curtain wall-based solar energy harvesting in built environments. In particular, we focus on photovoltaic (PV) performance characteristics such as the electric power output, specific yield, day-to-day consistency of peak output power, and the amounts of energy generated and stored daily. The dependencies of the generated electric power and stored energy on multiple environmental and geometric parameters are also studied. An overview of the current and future application potential of high-transparency, visually-clear solar window-based curtain wall installations suitable for practical building integration is provided.
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Lan, Wei, Bin Wang und Yi Ming Feng. „Comparative Optimization on the Focusing Methods of Solar-Electric Dish Stirling System“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.714.
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Nowadays, the high-speed economic development has caused significant consumption of energy. While the circumstance is getting severer, solar energy is taken as a kind of clean, environmental friendly resource with infinite storage that has aroused a wide public concern. Photovoltaic and solar thermal are two main categories of solar applications. Because of its high conversion efficiency, low emission and flexible installation, dish Stirling solar power technology is more preferable to be used among the solar thermal area. From the view of practical engineering application, this paper illustrates multiple focusing methods of the current dish Stirling solar power systems in detail, and the comparison of these methods are given to analyze their advantages, disadvantages and their application scenarios. It can be used for the future development of dish Stirling solar power technology and applied as a reference for large dish solar thermal power plants’ installations and tests.
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C., Rus-Casas, Hontoria L., Fernández-Carrasco J.I., Jiménez-Castillo G. und Muñoz-Rodríguez F. „Development of a Utility Model for the Measurement of Global Radiation in Photovoltaic Applications in the Internet of Things (IoT)“. Electronics 8, Nr. 3 (08.03.2019): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030304.
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In order to develop future projects in the field of photovoltaic solar energy, it is essential to accurately know the potential solar resources. There are many methods to estimate the incident solar radiation in a certain place. However, most of them are very expensive or do not have the ideal characteristics for good monitoring of a particular photovoltaic installation. For these reasons, an electronic device connected to the internet of things (IoT) is presented in this paper which manages to measure global radiation in photovoltaic applications. The device developed has been patented in the Spanish Patent and Trademark Office. It presents some features that make it very suitable to measure photovoltaic installations with the advantage of being a low cost and very reliable device. The device has been tested to determine global horizontal irradiance obtaining a correlation coefficient R2 = 0.994.
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Boretti, Alberto, Stefania Castelletto, Wael Al-Kouz und Jamal Nayfeh. „The energy future of Saudi Arabia“. E3S Web of Conferences 181 (2020): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018103005.
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In a recent publication, North European experts argue that “Saudi Arabia can achieve a 100% renewable energy power system by 2040 with a power sector dominated by PV single-axis tracking and battery storage”. They also say “Battery storage contributed up to 30% of the total electricity demand in 2040 and the contribution increases to 48% by 2050”. Based on considerations specific to the geography, climate conditions, and resources of Saudi Arabia, it is explained as batteries and photovoltaic solar panels are not the best choice for the country's energy sector. To cover all the total primary energy supply of Saudi Arabia by solar photovoltaic, plus battery storage to compensate for the sun's energy intermittency, unpredictability, and seasonal variability, is impracticable and inconvenient, for both the economy and the environment. Better environment and economy may be achieved by further valorizing the fossil fuel resources, through the construction of other high-efficiency plants such as the combined cycle gas turbine plants of Qurayyah, development of novel technologies for the production of clean fuels and clean electricity, including oxyfuel combustion and carbon capture and storage. Construction of nuclear power plants may also be more beneficial to the economy and the environment than photovoltaic and batteries. Regarding solar energy, enclosed trough solar thermal power systems developed along the coast have much better perspectives than solar photovoltaic, as embedded thermal energy storage is a better approach than battery storage. Further, a centralized power plant works better than distributed rooftop photovoltaic installations covered by dust and sand, rusted or cracked. Finally, pumped hydro energy storage along the coast may also have better perspectives than battery storage.
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Epstein, Scott A., Sang-Mi Lee, Aaron S. Katzenstein, Marc Carreras-Sospedra, Xinqiu Zhang, Salvatore C. Farina, Pouya Vahmani, Philip M. Fine und George Ban-Weiss. „Air-quality implications of widespread adoption of cool roofs on ozone and particulate matter in southern California“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, Nr. 34 (07.08.2017): 8991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703560114.
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The installation of roofing materials with increased solar reflectance (i.e., “cool roofs”) can mitigate the urban heat island effect and reduce energy use. In addition, meteorological changes, along with the possibility of enhanced UV reflection from these surfaces, can have complex impacts on ozone and PM2.5 concentrations. We aim to evaluate the air-quality impacts of widespread cool-roof installations prescribed by California’s Title 24 building energy efficiency standards within the heavily populated and polluted South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB). Development of a comprehensive rooftop area database and evaluation of spectral reflectance measurements of roofing materials allows us to project potential future changes in solar and UV reflectance for simulations using the Weather Research Forecast and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models. 2012 meteorological simulations indicate a decrease in daily maximum temperatures, daily maximum boundary layer heights, and ventilation coefficients throughout the SoCAB upon widespread installation of cool roofs. CMAQ simulations show significant increases in PM2.5 concentrations and policy-relevant design values. Changes in 8-h ozone concentrations depend on the potential change in UV reflectance, ranging from a decrease in population-weighted concentrations when UV reflectance remains unchanged to an increase when changes in UV reflectance are at an upper bound. However, 8-h policy-relevant ozone design values increase in all cases. Although the other benefits of cool roofs could outweigh small air-quality penalties, UV reflectance standards for cool roofing materials could mitigate these negative consequences. Results of this study motivate the careful consideration of future rooftop and pavement solar reflectance modification policies.
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Jäger-Waldau, Arnulf. „Snapshot of photovoltaics − February 2018“. EPJ Photovoltaics 9 (2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjpv/2018004.
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Solar photovoltaic electricity generation is the fastest growing power generation source world-wide. The significant cost reduction of solar PV over the last decade, and the zero fuel cost volatility have increased the attractiveness. In 2017, the newly installed solar PV power of over 90 GW was more than all the world-wide cumulative installed PV capacity until the mid of 2012. China was again the main driver behind this strong growth with more than 50 GW of annual installations in 2017. Apart from the electricity sector, renewable energy sources for the generation of heat and environmental friendly synthetic-fuels for the transport sector will become more and more important in the future.
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Pimentel Da Silva, Gardenio Diogo, Alessandra Magrini, Maurício Tiomno Tolmasquim und David Alves Castelo Branco. „Environmental licensing and energy policy regulating utility-scale solar photovoltaic installations in Brazil: status and future perspectives“. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 37, Nr. 6 (19.04.2019): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2019.1595933.
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Dellosa, Jeffrey Tamba. „Potential Effect and Analysis of High Residential Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Penetration to an Electric Distribution Utility (DU)“. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 5, Nr. 3 (04.11.2016): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.3.179-185.
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The Renewable Energy Act of 2008 in the Philippines provided an impetus for residential owners to explore solar PV installations at their own rooftops through the Net-Metering policy. The Net-Metering implementation through the law however presented some concerns with inexperienced electric DU on the potential effect of high residential solar PV system installations. It was not known how a high degree of solar integration to the grid can possibly affect the operations of the electric DU in terms of energy load management. The primary objective of this study was to help the local electric DU in the analysis of the potential effect of high residential solar PV system penetration to the supply and demand load profile in an electric distribution utility (DU) grid in the province of Agusan del Norte, Philippines. The energy consumption profiles in the year 2015 were obtained from the electric DU operating in the area. An average daily energy demand load profile was obtained from 0-hr to the 24th hour of the day based from the figures provided by the electric DU. The assessment part of the potential effect of high solar PV system integration assumed four potential total capacities from 10 Mega Watts (MW) to 40 MW generated by all subscribers in the area under study at a 10 MW interval. The effect of these capacities were measured and analyzed with respect to the average daily load profile of the DU. Results of this study showed that a combined installations beyond 20 MWp coming from all subscribers is not viable for the local electric DU based on their current energy demand or load profile. Based from the results obtained, the electric DU can make better decisions in the management of high capacity penetration of solar PV systems in the future, including investment in storage systems when extra capacities are generated.Article History: Received July 15th 2016; Received in revised form Sept 23rd 2016; Accepted Oct 1st 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Dellosa, J. (2016) Potential Effect and Analysis of High Residential Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Penetration to an Electric Distribution Utility (DU). Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(3), 179-185.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.3.179-185
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Kahl, Annelen, Jérôme Dujardin und Michael Lehning. „The bright side of PV production in snow-covered mountains“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, Nr. 4 (07.01.2019): 1162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720808116.
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Our work explores the prospect of bringing the temporal production profile of solar photovoltaics (PV) into better correlation with typical electricity consumption patterns in the midlatitudes. To do so, we quantify the potential of three choices for PV installations that increase production during the winter months when electricity is most needed. These are placements that favor (i) high winter irradiance, (ii) high ground-reflected radiation, and (iii) steeper-than-usual panel tilt angles. In addition to spatial estimates of the production potential, we compare the performance of different PV placement scenarios in urban and mountain environments for the country of Switzerland. The results show that the energy deficit in a future fully renewable production from wind power, hydropower, and geothermal power could be significantly reduced when solar PV is installed at high elevations. Because the temporal production patterns match the typical demand more closely than the production in urban environments, electricity production could be shifted from summer to winter without reducing the annual total production. Such mountain installations require significantly less surface area and, combined with steeper panel tilt angles, up to 50% of the winter deficit in electricity production can be mediated.
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Odhiambo, Morice R. O., Adnan Abbas, Xiaochan Wang und Gladys Mutinda. „Solar Energy Potential in the Yangtze River Delta Region—A GIS-Based Assessment“. Energies 14, Nr. 1 (29.12.2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010143.
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Decarbonization of electrical power generation is an essential necessity in the reduction of carbon emissions, mitigating climate change and attaining sustainable development. Solar energy as a substitution for fossil fuel-based energy sources has the potential to aid in realizing this sustainable future. This research performs a geographic information systems (GIS)-based assessment of the solar energy potential in the Yangtze River Delta region (YRDR) of China using high-resolution solar radiation data combined with geographical, social, environmental and cultural constraints data. The solar energy potential is evaluated from the geographical and technical perspective, and the results reveal that the YRDR is endowed with rich solar energy resources, with the geographical potential in the suitable areas ranging from 1446 kWh/m2 to 1658 kWh/m2. It is also estimated that the maximum solar capacity potential could be up to 4140.5 GW, illustrating the high potential available for future capacity development in this region. Realizing this significant potential as an alternative for fossil fuel-based electricity generation would result in a substantial mitigation of CO2 emissions in this region, where air pollution is severe. Potential evaluations found that Jiangsu and Anhui provinces provide the most optimal areas for the development of solar photovoltaics (PV) installations, as they have the highest geographical and technological solar energy potential. Further, findings of the case study undertaken at a solar PV plant show disparities between actual generated power and technical solar potential, highlighting the significance of utilizing solar radiation data from local ground-based meteorological stations. This study provides policy makers and potential investors with information on solar energy potential in the Yangtze River Delta region that would contribute to solar power generation development.
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Lin, Alin, Ming Lu und Pingjun Sun. „The Influence of Local Environmental, Economic and Social Variables on the Spatial Distribution of Photovoltaic Applications across China’s Urban Areas“. Energies 11, Nr. 8 (31.07.2018): 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11081986.
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The capacity of new installed photovoltaic (PV) in China in 2017 was increased to 53.06 GW, reaching a total of 402.5 GW around the world. Photovoltaic applications have a significant role in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and alleviating electricity shortages in the sustainable development process of cities. Research on the factors that influenced the spatial distribution of photovoltaic applications mostly focus on a certain project or a region. However, it is a complicated process for decision-making of photovoltaic installations in urban areas. This study uses zip code level data from 83 cities to investigate the influence of local environmental, economic and social variables on the spatial distribution of photovoltaic applications across China’s urban areas. By analyzing the current situation, the locations of urban photovoltaic applications are collected and presented. Statistical analysis software is used to evaluate the influence of selected variables. In this paper, correlation analysis, principle component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis are generated to predict urban photovoltaic installations. The results of this research show that Gross Domestic Product (GDP), electricity consumption, policy incentives, the number of photovoltaic companies, population, age, education and rate of urbanization were important factors that influenced the adoption of urban photovoltaic systems. The results also indicate that Southeast China and Hangzhou Province are currently the most promising areas as they have a higher rate of solar photovoltaic installation. These conclusions have significancefor energy policy and planning strategies by predicting the future development of urban photovoltaic applications.
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Powalla, Michael, und Dieter Bonnet. „Thin-Film Solar Cells Based on the Polycrystalline Compound Semiconductors CIS and CdTe“. Advances in OptoElectronics 2007 (17.09.2007): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/97545.
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Thin-film photovoltaic modules based on Cu-In-Ga-Se-S (CIS) and CdTe are already being produced with high-quality and solar conversion efficiencies of around 10%, with values up to 14% expected in the near future. The integrated interconnection of single cells into large-area modules of 0.6×1.2m2 enables low-cost mass production, so that thin-film modules will soon be able to compete with conventional silicon-wafer-based modules. This contribution provides an overview of the basic technologies for CdTe and CIS modules, the research and development (R&D) issues, production technology and capacities, the module performance in long-term outdoor testing, and their use in installations.
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Pavlik, Benjamin J., Jodi L. Sangster, Ian C. Parsley, Erik M. Knudsen, Zoelitiana Ndrianajasoloarivony, Dean J. Patterson, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt und Elizabeth G. Jones. „Solar Energy for Rural Madagascar Schools: A Pilot Implementation by University of Nebraska Engineers Without Borders-USA“. International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 8, Nr. 2 (09.10.2013): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v8i2.5032.
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A pilot photovoltaic system was constructed in Kianjavato, Madagascar by a team from the University of Nebraska Engineers Without Borders-USA Student Chapter. This project represents an integrated approach to energy supply, education and natural resource conservation. The system supplies power to ten 13 W fluorescent tubes in a primary school classroom for the purpose of extending public school hours into the evening for adult education. The project was implemented in partnership with a Malagasy non-governmental organization, the Madagascar Biodiversity Partnership. Future monitoring data will determine the outcome of the project and aid in the design of additional installations in the community.
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Muhardika, Muhardika, und Syafii Syafii. „Design of arduino-based loading management system to improve continuity of solar power supply“. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 20, Nr. 3 (01.12.2020): 1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i3.pp1677-1684.
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<p>Solar power plants using environmentally friendly technology in the process of harvesting energy from the sun can be a solution to the future electricity crisis so that it has been the most widely developed and reliable alternative. However, the conversion of solar energy depends on the availability and conditions of sunlight. In sunny conditions, the PV system can serve large loads while charging the battery to the maximum. While in cloudy weather conditions or at night, the PV system serves the load and without charge of the battery. The battery will discharge the stored energy until it runs out, and the supply to the load will be cut off before the desired time. Therefore, research on the PV system loading management system is needed to increase the amount of electricity from solar energy and maintain the continuity of electricity supply to the load. The load power management strategy follows the conditions of sunny, cloudy, rainy, or night time by considering the remaining capacity of the battery that can be used. Load installations are designed to consist of low, medium, and high load installations. Simulation results show that the use of PV loading management strategies can increase the operating time of the PV system. When the remaining less than 10% battery capacity and PLN supply is available, the supply will be switched to PLN. The remaining 10% of PV battery capacity could be used to maintain electricity supply to a low load if the PLN supply interrupted. Thus, the use of a loading management strategy will increase the electricity supply from renewable energy and improve the sustainability of electricity supply.</p>
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Siraganyan, Karni, Amarasinghage Perera, Jean-Louis Scartezzini und Dasaraden Mauree. „Eco-Sim: A Parametric Tool to Evaluate the Environmental and Economic Feasibility of Decentralized Energy Systems“. Energies 12, Nr. 5 (26.02.2019): 776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050776.
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Due to climate change and the need to decrease the carbon footprint of urban areas, there is an increasing pressure to integrate renewable energy and other components in urban energy systems. Most of the models or available tools do not provide both an economic and environmental assessment of the energy systems and thus lead to the design of systems that are sub-optimal. A flexible and modular simulation tool, Eco-Sim, is thus developed in the current study to conduct a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental assessment of a distributed energy system considering different configuration scenarios. Subsequently, an intermodel comparison is conducted with the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) Pro as well as with a state-of-the-art industrial tool. Eco-Sim is then extended by including the heating demand, thermal conversion (by using heat pumps and solar thermal) methods and thermal storage. A parametric analysis is conducted by considering different capacities of solar photovoltaics (PV), solar thermal panels and energy storage technologies. The levelized cost of electricity, the autonomy level and the CO 2 emissions are used as the key performance indicators. Based on the analysis of a study case conducted in a neighbourhood in Geneva, Switzerland, the study reveals that, with the present market prices for batteries and seasonal changes in solar energy potential, the combination of solar PV with battery storage doesn’t bring a significant autonomy to the system and increases the CO 2 emissions of the system. However, the integration of thermal storage and solar thermal generation is shown to considerably increase the autonomy of the neighbourhood. Finally, multiple scenarios are also run in order to evaluate the sensitivity of economic parameters on the performance indicators of the system. Under the assumptions of the model, to foster investments in solar PV and battery installations, falling installation costs or stronger policies in favor of renewable energy seem necessary for the future.
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Roth, Lucas, Özgür Yildiz und Jens Lowitzsch. „An Empirical Approach to Differences in Flexible Electricity Consumption Behaviour of Urban and Rural Populations—Lessons Learned in Germany“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 16 (12.08.2021): 9028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169028.
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This article analyses two major trends of the 21st century. Firstly, the transition from fossil fuel-based energy production to renewable energy sources. Secondly, the inexorable urbanisation which can be witnessed all over the globe. The most promising renewable energy production technologies for the near future, i.e., wind and solar energy, are volatile by nature which makes matching supply and demand essential for a successful transition. Therefore, the aspects that determine the willingness of consumers to flexibilise their demand has gained growing attention. Initial research shows that different settings for (co-)ownership in terms of available prosumption options and used production technologies have a varying impact on demand flexibility. However, existing research has analysed flexibility drivers solely for the general population as an aggregate without any distinction regarding spatial, economic, or social factors. In this article, the authors go one step further and analyse whether those drivers for flexible consumption behaviour differ in rural or urban areas acknowledging differences in day-to-day life in both cases. This study is based on 2074 completed questionnaires from German consumers which were analysed using propensity score matching. The results show that people from rural and urban areas do not significantly differ in their willingness to be demand flexible in general. However, (co-)owners of RE installations from rural areas are generally significantly more demand flexible than (co-)owners of RE installations from urban areas. Further, when looking at different RE technologies, the results show that (co-)owners of solar installations are significantly more demand flexible if they are from rural areas. Lastly, when looking at usage options, people who solely consume produced electricity are more demand flexible if they are from rural areas as well.
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Palmer, Diane, Elena Koumpli, Ian Cole, Ralph Gottschalg und Thomas Betts. „A GIS-Based Method for Identification of Wide Area Rooftop Suitability for Minimum Size PV Systems Using LiDAR Data and Photogrammetry“. Energies 11, Nr. 12 (15.12.2018): 3506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123506.
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Knowledge of roof geometry and physical features is essential for evaluation of the impact of multiple rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) system installations on local electricity networks. The paper starts by listing current methods used and stating their strengths and weaknesses. No current method is capable of delivering accurate results with publicly available input data. Hence a different approach is developed, based on slope and aspect using aircraft-based Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data, building footprint data, GIS (Geographical Information Systems) tools, and aerial photographs. It assesses each roof’s suitability for PV deployment. That is, the characteristics of each roof are examined for fitting of at least a minimum size solar power system. In this way the minimum potential solar yield for region or city may be obtained. Accuracy is determined by ground-truthing against a database of 886 household systems. This is the largest validation of a rooftop assessment method to date. The method is flexible with few prior assumptions. It can generate data for various PV scenarios and future analyses.
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Götz, Maximilian, Norbert Osterthun, Kai Gehrke, Martin Vehse und Carsten Agert. „Ultrathin Nano-Absorbers in Photovoltaics: Prospects and Innovative Applications“. Coatings 10, Nr. 3 (29.02.2020): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030218.
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Approaching the first terawatt of installations, photovoltaics (PV) are about to become the major source of electric power until the mid-century. The technology has proven to be long lasting and very versatile and today PV modules can be found in numerous applications. This is a great success of the entire community, but taking future growth for granted might be dangerous. Scientists have recently started to call for accelerated innovation and cost reduction. Here, we show how ultrathin absorber layers, only a few nanometers in thickness, together with strong light confinement can be used to address new applications for photovoltaics. We review the basics of this new type of solar cell and point out the requirements to the absorber layer material by optical simulation. Furthermore, we discuss innovative applications, which make use of the unique optical properties of the nano absorber solar cell architecture, such as spectrally selective PV and switchable photovoltaic windows.
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Ul Abdin, Zain, und Ahmed Rachid. „A Survey on Applications of Hybrid PV/T Panels“. Energies 14, Nr. 4 (23.02.2021): 1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041205.
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Photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) collectors have gained a lot of attention in recent years due to their substantial advantages as compared to ST or PV systems alone and even to other non-solar technologies. However, PV/Ts are still not as popular in industry or construction and they are not even known to major players implementing solar energy installations. In this article, a general presentation of PV/Ts and a review of their applications are given. First, different heat extraction media (e.g., air, water, bi-fluid, etc.) and hybrid design configurations of hybrid PV/T collectors are addressed. Next, the main applications of PV/T collectors are discussed in order to highlight their feasibility and usefulness and to raise awareness for adoption in the industry and buildings sector. Applications include desalination, air-conditioning, drying, trigeneration, etc. This paper should be considered as a reference form of PV/Ts to extract key points for future research and development as well as for other applications.
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López Gómez, Javier, Ana Ogando Martínez, Francisco Troncoso Pastoriza, Lara Febrero Garrido, Enrique Granada Álvarez und José Antonio Orosa García. „Photovoltaic Power Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks and Numerical Weather Data“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 24 (09.12.2020): 10295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410295.
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The monitoring of power generation installations is key for modelling and predicting their future behaviour. Many renewable energy generation systems, such as photovoltaic panels and wind turbines, strongly depend on weather conditions. However, in situ measurements of relevant weather variables are not always taken into account when designing monitoring systems, and only power output is available. This paper aims to combine data from a Numerical Weather Prediction model with machine learning tools in order to accurately predict the power generation from a photovoltaic system. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is used to predict power outputs from a real installation located in Puglia (southern Italy) using temperature and solar irradiation data taken from the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) sflux model outputs. Power outputs and weather monitoring data from the PV installation are used as a reference dataset. Three training and testing scenarios are designed. In the first one, weather data monitoring is used to both train the ANN model and predict power outputs. In the second one, training is done with monitoring data, but GDAS data is used to predict the results. In the last set, both training and result prediction are done by feeding GDAS weather data into the ANN model. The results show that the tested numerical weather model can be combined with machine learning tools to model the output of PV systems with less than 10% error, even when in situ weather measurements are not available.
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ERTUĞRUL, Murat, und Mustafa Hakan SALDI. „RETURN ON INVESTMENT ANALYSIS OF UNLICENSED SOLAR ENERGY PROJECTS IN TURKEY“. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 8, Nr. 1 (25.03.2020): 903–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i1.1314.
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First of all, this study aims to show how the power size and currency affect the return on investment percentages of unlicensed solar energy projects in Turkey. Commonly, the investors have confusions on their minds while taking investment decisions. Particularly, there are definite variables which may affect a solar energy project’s return on investment percentage and so the research question of how a multiple regression model can represent this percentage comes back to minds too. In order to simulate investment scenarios, this study is designed by using the sample of unlicensed solar energy installations which have the capacity of 250 KW, 500 KW and 1000 KW. According to the cash flow analyses for these samples the effects of power size and currency variables to return on investment percentages are observed. Therefore, the multiple regression model of return on investment percentages is offered by taking into account the power capacity and currency as independent variables to estimate the future cash flows by comparing each cases. As a result, the correlations are observed between dependent variable and independent variables. Especially, the power capacity has significant effect on return on investment rates of projects in accordance with the fundamental rule of risk-reward relation in finance. Also, the share of currency risk is calculated to prove how the volatility in currency index may affect the return on investment rates.
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Fernández, Gregorio, Noemi Galan, Daniel Marquina, Diego Martínez, Alberto Sanchez, Pablo López, Hans Bludszuweit und Jorge Rueda. „Photovoltaic Generation Impact Analysis in Low Voltage Distribution Grids“. Energies 13, Nr. 17 (22.08.2020): 4347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174347.
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Due to a greater social and environmental awareness of citizens, advantageous regulations and a favourable economic return on investment, the presence of photovoltaic (PV) installations in distribution grids is increasing. In the future, not only a significant increase in photovoltaic generation is expected, but also in other of the so-called distributed energy resources (DER), such as wind generation, storage, electric vehicle charging points or manageable demands. Despite the benefits posed by these technologies, an uncontrolled spread could create important challenges for the power system, such as increase of energy losses or voltages out-of-limits along the grid, for example. These issues are expected to be more pronounced in low voltage (LV) distribution networks. This article has two main objectives: proposing a method to calculate the LV distributed photovoltaic generation hosting capacity (HC) that minimizes system losses and evaluating different management techniques for solar PV inverters and their effect on the hosting capacity. The HC calculation is based on a mixture of deterministic methods using time series data and statistical ones: using real smart meters data from customers and generating different combinations of solar PV facilities placements and power to evaluate its effect on the grid operation.
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Karagiannakis, George, Chrysoula Pagkoura, Eleftherios Halevas, Penelope Baltzopoulou und Athanasios G. Konstandopoulos. „Cobalt/cobaltous oxide based honeycombs for thermochemical heat storage in future concentrated solar power installations: Multi-cyclic assessment and semi-quantitative heat effects estimations“. Solar Energy 133 (August 2016): 394–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.04.032.
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Ahmad Ludin, Norasikin, Nurfarhana Alyssa Ahmad Affandi, Kathleen Purvis-Roberts, Azah Ahmad, Mohd Adib Ibrahim, Kamaruzzaman Sopian und Sufian Jusoh. „Environmental Impact and Levelised Cost of Energy Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Systems in Selected Asia Pacific Region: A Cradle-to-Grave Approach“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 1 (04.01.2021): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010396.
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Sustainability has been greatly impacted by the reality of budgets and available resources as a targeted range of carbon emission reduction greatly increases due to climate change. This study analyses the technical and economic feasibility for three types of solar photovoltaic (PV) renewable energy (RE) systems; (i) solar stand-alone, a non-grid-connected building rooftop-mounted structure, (ii) solar rooftop, a grid-connected building rooftop-mounted structure, (iii) solar farm, a grid-connected land-mounted structure in three tropical climate regions. Technical scientific and economic tools, including life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost assessment (LCCA) with an integrated framework from a Malaysian case study were applied to similar climatic regions, Thailand, and Indonesia. The short-term, future scaled-up scenario was defined using a proxy technology and estimated data. Environmental locations for this scenario were identified, the environmental impacts were compared, and the techno-economic output were analysed. The scope of this study is cradle-to-grave. Levelised cost of energy (LCOE) was greatly affected due to PV performance degradation rate, especially the critical shading issues for large-scale installations. Despite the land use impact, increased CO2 emissions accumulate over time with regard to energy mix of the country, which requires the need for long-term procurement of both carbon and investment return. With regards to profitably, grid-connected roof-mounted systems achieve the lowest LCOE as compared to other types of installation, ranging from 0.0491 USD/kWh to 0.0605 USD/kWh under a 6% discounted rate. A simple payback (SPB) time between 7–10 years on average depends on annual power generated by the system with estimated energy payback of 0.40–0.55 years for common polycrystalline photovoltaic technology. Thus, maintaining the whole system by ensuring a low degradation rate of 0.2% over a long period of time is essential to generate benefits for both investors and the environment. Emerging technologies are progressing at an exponential rate in order to fill the gap of establishing renewable energy as an attractive business plan. Life cycle assessment is considered an excellent tool to assess the environmental impact of renewable energy.
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Gómez, César Martín. „BANCO DE BILBAO HEADQUARTERS: FIRST LOW-ENERGY BUILDING IN SPAIN?“ Journal of Green Building 6, Nr. 4 (November 2011): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.6.4.37.
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Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oíza was perhaps the greatest architect of the twentieth century in Spain, and his masterpiece was the Banco de Bilbao Headquarters, located in the Paseo de la Castellana in Madrid (Spain). Sáenz de Oíza was a university professor in the Installations and Energy Areas at the University of Madrid. For him, concepts such as indoor comfort, lighting, heat production, cooling, and solar houses were an indispensable part of the student's learning and, of course, he included them in his building design. He applied these concepts in the Banco de Bilbao Headquarters. Therefore, the purpose of this paper will be to examine the Banco de Bilbao technical knowledge in depth—including its passive architectonical design—and to present the main good decisions (and mistakes) of this first low-energy Spanish building after almost 30 years of intensive use, to extend its lessons for future buildings.
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Cahill, Brendan. „Characterizing Ireland's wave energy resource“. Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, Nr. 2011 (01.01.2011): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2011.5.
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In theory, the energy that could be extracted from the oceans is well in excess of any current, or future, human requirements. While wave energy currently lags behind conventional, carbon based sources of power and other renewable sources of energy such as wind and solar, advances continue to be made. The developers of Wave Energy Converters (WECs), the devices that are designed to harness the power of ocean waves, require methods to compare and evaluate the wave energy resource at different locations in order to allow them to select the most suitable sites to achieve optimal power capture and economic performance from their installations. The focus of my Ph.D. research is towards developing new methods for characterizing the wave energy resource off the west coast of Ireland with reference to the potential power available and the performance of typical devices, and also to allow for the comparison of possible sites ...
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Kazak, Jan K., Joanna A. Kamińska, Rafał Madej und Marta Bochenkiewicz. „Where Renewable Energy Sources Funds are Invested? Spatial Analysis of Energy Production Potential and Public Support“. Energies 13, Nr. 21 (23.10.2020): 5551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215551.
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Energy transition in the European Union (EU) is strongly related to public support from structural funds which enable member states to create new and renovate existing renewable energy source (RES) installations. However, in order to maximize benefits of these investments it is crucial to consider where RES funds are allocated, how it corresponds with RES potential in specific locations, and how future implementation of energy policies can be improved. In this study, RES development projects supported by EU funds, implemented in the period 2004–2019 in Poland, were analyzed in relation to solar, wind and biomass energy potential. The study was conducted with the use of agglomeration method and k-mean method to define clusters of local administrative units characterized by similar features of RES funds absorption and renewable energy production potential. The results obtained show that in the case of all energy sources there is no correlation between high RES funds absorption and energy production potential. The final conclusion of the research is that in order to boost energy transformation into more sustainable solutions, renewable energy production potential should be considered as a factor to allocate public financial support for future energy policy implementation.
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Wellby, Sonya J., und Nicholas A. Engerer. „Categorizing the Meteorological Origins of Critical Ramp Events in Collective Photovoltaic Array Output“. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55, Nr. 6 (Juni 2016): 1323–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0107.1.
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AbstractPhotovoltaic (PV) solar power use is increasing globally. The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) has legislated a renewable energy target of 90% by 2020; to reach this target, use of distributed PV solar arrays is expected to increase. Cloud cover can cause the power output of PV installations to rapidly increase or decrease, resulting in ACT-wide collective ramp events. Accurate forecasts of when the ramp events will occur are needed for electricity providers to plan for these abrupt output changes and to ensure that electricity supplies remain stable. This paper categorizes the weather events that cause changes in the output of rooftop PV arrays in the ACT, providing a foundation for future PV output forecasting to be based on weather event identification. This paper identifies citywide collective ramp events, which occur when a 60% change in collective PV power output (with respect to the clear-sky potential) is experienced within 60 min. Such events are termed critical collective ramp events. Throughout the period between January 2012 and July 2014, 34 critical ramp events occurred. Eighteen of these events were positive collective ramp events, caused most frequently by Australian northwest cloud bands and radiation fog dissipation. Sixteen negative collective ramp events were recorded, and they were caused most frequently by the passage of cold fronts and thunderstorms. The categories developed herein will make it possible to improve short-term solar forecasting methods and to enable meteorologists to contribute to forecasting critical events.
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El Hadri, Youssef, Valeriy Khokhlov, Mariia Slizhe, Kateryna Sernytska und Kateryna Stepanova. „ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE DOWNWELLING SHORTWAVE RADIATION IN 2021-2050 IN LAAYOUNE − SAKIA EL HAMRA REGION, MOROCCO“. EUREKA: Physics and Engineering 2 (31.03.2019): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2019.00863.
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Morocco's energy system is highly dependent on external energy markets. According to the Ministry Energy, Mines and Sustainable Development today more than 93 % of energy resources are imported to Morocco. In 2008 the Moroccan Government has developed a National Energy Strategy, and one of its priority areas is to increase the share of renewable technologies in the country's energy sector. Morocco is rich in solar energy resources. Studies on the assessment of the Morocco’s solar energy potential indicate, among other benefits, low additional costs when using solar installations compared to losses associated with the solution of future climate problems and lack of resources. The plan envisages the commissioning of solar power plants in Ouarzazate, Ain Ben Mathar, Boujdour, Tarfaya and Laayoune by 2020. The aim of this research is determination of the characteristics of the distribution of Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation in the area of the solar power Boujdour, Tarfaya and Laayoune, located in the Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra region in 2021−2050. The data from regional climate modeling with high spatial resolution of the CORDEX-Africa project are used in this research. The RCM modeling is carried out for the region of Africa, in a rectangular coordinate system with a spatial resolution of ~ 44 km. Then, from the modeling data, values are highlighted for the territory of Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra region. Model calculation is performed taking into account the greenhouse gas concentration trajectory of RCP 4.5 calculated using 11 regional climate models. As a result of the simulation for the period 2021−2050, average monthly values of the Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation "RSDS" (W/m2) are derived, on the basis of which the mean values for the period of time are calculated. For more detailed information, average monthly total cloud cover values "TC" (%) for the period under study are calculated. Analysis of the change in RSDS in 2021–2050 relative to the recent climatic period is shown that in the Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra region we can expect an increase or retention of its values. The annual run of the RSDS has one maximum in June and one minimum in December. In the future, the distribution of RSDS in the Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra region will have a significant impact on proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, where an increased amount of total cloud cover significantly reduces the amount of incoming radiation. In the location of solar power plants in the near future, the current RSDS values are expected to be maintained, which creates favorable conditions for the further development of the renewable energy industry in this area and increasing its productivity.
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Youssef, El Hadri, und V. M. Khokhlov. „Simulation of regional climate models of total cloud fraction in Morocco for the period of 2020-2050“. Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, Nr. 21 (20.03.2018): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.21.2018.02.
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The Moroccan energy system is highly dependent on external energy markets. The use of solar energy is one of the most promising ways in the development of renewable energy sources. At the moment, there are several scenarios for the development of renewable energy in Morocco diverging only in quantitative assessments. All of them are aimed at increasing the generation of green energy, from the complete satisfaction of all needs of Moroccan consumers to the opportunity of exporting some of its environmentally friendly electricity to Europe. Estimation of energy efficiency of solar installations is usually carried out on the basis of calculations of solar radiation arrival in the presence of cloudless sky. Clouds significantly reduce amount of solar radiation and sunshine duration. This study is aimed at determination of possible quantitative parameters of the total cloud cover and the areas in which the cloud cover would have the least impact on the amount of incoming solar radiation in Morocco in 2020-2050. The article presents the results of simulation of total cloud fraction using 11 regional climate models of CORDEX project for the period of 2020-2050 in Morocco. For the period of 2020-2050 the average values of total cloud fraction on the territory of Morocco will have the smallest values within the plains located near the border with Algeria on the territory of the prefecture of Sous-Massa lying at the foot of the southern slopes of the Anti-Atlas. The analysis of the annual regime of total cloud fraction showed that in the future it will be of a different nature in different parts of the country due to various factors affecting its formation. The area with the smallest volumes of monthly total cloud fraction will lie within the territory the southern part of prefecture Draa-Tafilalet and prefectures Sous-Massa, Guelmim-Oued Noun, Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra, Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab excluding their coastal parts of the Atlantic Ocean.
In the future most of the territory of Morocco will be characterized by a low amount of total cloud fraction, which, in its turn, will have an insignificant effect on the amount of solar radiation entering to the underlying surface of these areas. In terms of solar power, the best conditions will exist at the southern parts of Morocco, excluding the coast where the total cloud fraction will have the least impact on the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth’s surface and on sunshine duration.
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Bashir, Arslan, und Matti Lehtonen. „Optimal Coordination of Aggregated Hydro-Storage with Residential Demand Response in Highly Renewable Generation Power System: The Case Study of Finland“. Energies 12, Nr. 6 (18.03.2019): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061037.
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Current energy policy-driven targets have led to increasing deployment of renewable energy sources in electrical grids. However, due to the limited flexibility of current power systems, the rapidly growing number of installations of renewable energy systems has resulted in rising levels of generation curtailments. This paper probes the benefits of simultaneously coordinating aggregated hydro-reservoir storage with residential demand response (DR) for mitigating both load and generation curtailments in highly renewable generation power systems. DR services are provided by electric water heaters, thermal storages, electric vehicles, and heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) loads. Accordingly, an optimization model is presented to minimize the mismatch between demand and supply in the Finnish power system. The model considers proportions of base-load generation comprising nuclear, and combined heat and power (CHP) plants (both CHP-city and CHP-industry), as well as future penetration scenarios of solar and wind power that are constructed, reflecting the present generation structure in Finland. The findings show that DR coordinated with hydropower is an efficient curtailment mitigation tool given the uncertainty in renewable generation. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis is also carried out to depict how higher penetration can reduce carbon emissions from electricity co-generation in the near future.
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Eveloy, Valerie, und Tesfaldet Gebreegziabher. „A Review of Projected Power-to-Gas Deployment Scenarios“. Energies 11, Nr. 7 (12.07.2018): 1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11071824.
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Technical, economic and environmental assessments of projected power-to-gas (PtG) deployment scenarios at distributed- to national-scale are reviewed, as well as their extensions to nuclear-assisted renewable hydrogen. Their collective research trends, outcomes, challenges and limitations are highlighted, leading to suggested future work areas. These studies have focused on the conversion of excess wind and solar photovoltaic electricity in European-based energy systems using low-temperature electrolysis technologies. Synthetic natural gas, either solely or with hydrogen, has been the most frequent PtG product. However, the spectrum of possible deployment scenarios has been incompletely explored to date, in terms of geographical/sectorial application environment, electricity generation technology, and PtG processes, products and their end-uses to meet a given energy system demand portfolio. Suggested areas of focus include PtG deployment scenarios: (i) incorporating concentrated solar- and/or hybrid renewable generation technologies; (ii) for energy systems facing high cooling and/or water desalination/treatment demands; (iii) employing high-temperature and/or hybrid hydrogen production processes; and (iv) involving PtG material/energy integrations with other installations/sectors. In terms of PtG deployment simulation, suggested areas include the use of dynamic and load/utilization factor-dependent performance characteristics, dynamic commodity prices, more systematic comparisons between power-to-what potential deployment options and between product end-uses, more holistic performance criteria, and formal optimizations.
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Kokkinos, Konstantinos, und Vayos Karayannis. „Supportiveness of Low-Carbon Energy Technology Policy Using Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-Making Methodologies“. Mathematics 8, Nr. 7 (17.07.2020): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8071178.
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The deployment of low-carbon energy (LCE) technologies and management of installations represents an imperative to face climate change. LCE planning is an interminable process affected by a multitude of social, economic, environmental, and health factors. A major challenge for policy makers is to select a future clean energy strategy that maximizes sustainability. Thus, policy formulation and evaluation need to be addressed in an analytical manner including multidisciplinary knowledge emanating from diverse social stakeholders. In the current work, a comparative analysis of LCE planning is provided, evaluating different multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) methodologies. Initially, by applying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis, the available energy alternative technologies are prioritized. A variety of stakeholders is surveyed for that reason. To deal with the ambiguity that occurred in their judgements, fuzzy goal programming (FGP) is used for the translation into fuzzy numbers. Then, the stochastic fuzzy analytic hierarchical process (SF-AHP) and fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (F-TOPSIS) are applied to evaluate a repertoire of energy alternative forms including biofuel, solar, hydro, and wind power. The methodologies are estimated based on the same set of tangible and intangible criteria for the case study of Thessaly Region, Greece. The application of FGP ranked the four energy types in terms of feasibility and positioned solar-generated energy as first, with a membership function of 0.99. Among the criteria repertoire used by the stakeholders, the SF-AHP evaluated all the criteria categories separately and selected the most significant category representative. Finally, F-TOPSIS assessed these criteria ordering the energy forms, in terms of descending order of ideal solution, as follows: solar, biofuel, hydro, and wind.
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Barrera, Jose Manuel, Alejandro Reina, Alejandro Maté und Juan Carlos Trujillo. „Solar Energy Prediction Model Based on Artificial Neural Networks and Open Data“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 17 (25.08.2020): 6915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176915.
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With climate change driving an increasingly stronger influence over governments and municipalities, sustainable development, and renewable energy are gaining traction across the globe. This is reflected within the EU 2030 agenda, that envisions a future where there is universal access to affordable, reliable and sustainable energy. One of the challenges to achieve this vision lies on the low reliability of certain renewable sources. While both particulars and public entities try to reach self-sufficiency through sustainable energy generation, it is unclear how much investment is needed to mitigate the unreliability introduced by natural factors such as varying wind speed and daylight across the year. In this sense, a tool that aids predicting the energy output of sustainable sources across the year for a particular location can aid greatly in making sustainable energy investments more efficient. In this paper, we make use of Open Data sources, Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and installations distributed across Europe to create such tool through the application of Artificial Neural Networks. We analyze how the different factors affect the prediction of energy production and how Open Data can be used to predict the expected output of sustainable sources. As a result, we facilitate users the necessary information to decide how much they wish to invest according to the desired energy output for their particular location. Compared to state-of-the-art proposals, our solution provides an abstraction layer focused on energy production, rather that radiation data, and can be trained and tailored for different locations using Open Data. Finally, our tests show that our proposal improves the accuracy of the forecasting, obtaining a lower mean squared error (MSE) of 0.040 compared to an MSE 0.055 from other proposals in the literature.
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Antonanzas-Torres, Fernando, Javier Antonanzas und Julio Blanco-Fernandez. „State-of-the-Art of Mini Grids for Rural Electrification in West Africa“. Energies 14, Nr. 4 (13.02.2021): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040990.
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The current electrification status in West African countries presents rural electrification rates below 40%, national grid losses above 39% with frequent disruptions, and electricity prices averaging $0.35/kWh, up to national values of $0.66/kWh. With this, off-grid systems have gained great attention during the last decade as energy solutions; especially solar home systems (SHS) and mini grids. Nowadays, 385 mini grids with a power of near 30 MW are operating in West Africa, with 95% based on PV. Since 2019, result-based tenders with international aid funding—more effective than previous competitive tenders—seek to install at least 317 new mini grids in Togo, 250 in Nigeria, 100 in Burkina Faso, and two in Mali. Besides, the market for mini-grid energy access start-ups grew from $19 million in 2013 to $339 million in 2018. Despite this recent development in West Africa, research and data for mini grids in this region is scarce, and it is mostly approached from the technological side, with a striking lack of information regarding the social impact. This work tries to describe the present status of research and current operating installations, as well as the main challenges for future development of off grid mini grids in West Africa, which pose as the missing link between SHS and grid extension.
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Narain, Karan, Agam Swami, Anoop Srivastava und Sanjeev Swami. „Evolution and control of artificial superintelligence (ASI): a management perspective“. Journal of Advances in Management Research 16, Nr. 5 (21.11.2019): 698–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-01-2019-0006.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address both the evolutionary and control aspects associated with the management of artificial superintelligence. Through empirical analysis, the authors examine the diffusion pattern of those high technologies that can be considered as forerunners to the adoption of artificial superintelligence (ASI). Design/methodology/approach The evolutionary perspective is divided into three parts, based on major developments in this area, namely, robotics, automation and artificial intelligence (AI). The authors then provide several dynamic models of the possible future evolution of superintelligence. These include diffusion modeling, predator–prey models and hostility models. The problem of control in superintelligence is reviewed next, where the authors discuss Asimov’s Laws and IEEE initiative. The authors also provide an empirical analysis of the application of diffusion modeling to three technologies from the industries of manufacturing, communication and energy, which can be considered as potential precursors to the evolution of the field of ASI. The authors conclude with a case study illustrating emerging solutions in the form of long-term social experiments to address the problem of control in superintelligence. Findings The results from the empirical analysis of the manufacturing, communication and energy sectors suggest that the technology diffusion model fits well with the data of robotics, telecom and solar installations till date. The results suggest a gradual diffusion process, like any other high technology. Thus, there appears to be no threat of “existential catastrophe” (Bostrom, 2014). The case study indicates that any future threat can be pre-empted by some long-term social measures. Originality/value This paper contributes to the emerging stream of artificial superintelligence. As humanity comes closer to grappling with the important question of the management and control of this technology for the future, it is important that modeling efforts be made to understand the extant perspective of the development of the high-technology diffusion. Presently, there are relatively few such efforts available in the literature.
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Peña Sánchez, Edgar Ubaldo, Severin David Ryberg, Heidi Ursula Heinrichs, Detlef Stolten und Martin Robinius. „The Potential of Variable Renewable Energy Sources in Mexico: A Temporally Evaluated and Geospatially Constrained Techno-Economical Assessment“. Energies 14, Nr. 18 (14.09.2021): 5779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185779.
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Due to the increasing global importance of decarbonizing human activities, especially the production of electricity, the optimal deployment of renewable energy technologies will play a crucial role in future energy systems. To accomplish this, particular attention must be accorded to the geospatial and temporal distribution of variable renewable energy sources (VRES), such as wind and solar radiation, in order to match electricity supply and demand. This study presents a techno-economical assessment of four energy technologies in the hypothetical context of Mexico in 2050, namely: onshore and offshore wind turbines and open-field and rooftop photovoltaics. A land eligibility analysis incorporating physical, environmental, and sociopolitical eligibility constraints and individual turbine and photovoltaic park simulations, drawing on 39 years of climate data, is performed for individual sites across the country in an effort to determine the installable potential and the associated levelized costs of electricity. The results reveal that up to 54 PWh of renewable electricity can be produced at a levelized cost of electricity of less than 70 EUR·MWh−1. Around 91% (49 PWh) of this electricity would originate from 23 TW of open-field photovoltaic parks that could occupy up to 578,000 km2 of eligible land across the country. The remaining 9% (4.8 PWh) could be produced by 1.9 TW of onshore wind installations allocated to approximately 68,500 km2 of eligible land that is almost fully adjacent to three mountainous zones. The combination of rooftop photovoltaic and offshore wind turbines accounts for a very small share of less than 0.03% of the overall techno-economical potential.
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Wademan, Fiona. „Santos Energy Solutions: targeting a lower-carbon future and underpinning our sustainability“. APPEA Journal 60, Nr. 2 (2020): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19219.
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Santos is actively working to reduce its carbon footprint and prepare for a lower-carbon future, including promoting the role of gas in this future. Santos has set a long-term aspiration to achieve net-zero emissions from its operations by 2050, and a target to reduce emissions across existing operations in the Cooper Basin and Queensland by 5% by 2025. The Energy Solutions team was created to support the delivery of these objectives. Energy Solutions completed a global technology review to identify technologies that would reduce emissions across Santos’ operations and grow gas demand. The review resulted in focus areas of solar, storage (battery, gas and other media), waste heat recovery, wind, carbon capture and storage (CCS) and solar thermal. Santos progressed to implementation and successful demonstration of emissions reduction in 2018 with a world-first installation of an autonomous solar- and battery-powered beam pump. The initial installation in the Cooper Basin is now being expanded to 56 pump conversions to solar and battery with the support of the Australian Renewable Energy Agency. Following this success, Santos increased scale with installation of a 2.12-MW solar array and associated infrastructure at the Port Bonython processing facility. In parallel, fuel efficiency opportunities were targeted through key equipment upgrades, including power generation at Devil Creek with new reciprocating gas engines and rationalisation of legacy compression and power generation infrastructure across the Cooper Basin. Another key focus of the team is the progression of CCS, with appraisal of reservoir targets and pre-front-end engineering design (FEED) studies completed in 2019. The success of these projects provides a robust platform to support the further and more complex emissions reduction project opportunities across Santos’ operations.
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Nik, W. B. Wan, Oladokun Sulaiman Olanrewaju und A. S. A. Kader. „Solar-Macro-Algae Based Biogas Hybrid System for Future Offshore Installation“. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 10, Nr. 2 (30.12.2013): 499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/1159.
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Fuller, Jack, und Yang Guo. „Comparison between China and the United States in Solar Energy Development“. Studies in Engineering and Technology 4, Nr. 1 (04.08.2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/set.v4i1.2578.
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The popularity and importance of solar power generation in the United States and China continues to increase. This research effort investigated the present status of solar power generation in both countries. The solar installation incentives provided by the two governments were analyzed. Comparisons between the countries would also focus on: (1) solar electricity generation capacity, (2) solar energy policy comparisons, (3) economic effects of solar energy development, and (4) future solar energy challenges. Conclusions would then be discussed on the comparison topics.
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Muñumer Herrero, E., C. Ellul und J. Morley. „TESTING THE IMPACT OF 2D GENERALISATION ON 3D MODELS – EXPLORING ANALYSIS OPTIONS WITH AN OFF-THE-SHELF SOFTWARE PACKAGE“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W10 (12.09.2018): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w10-119-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Popularity and diverse use of 3D city models has increased exponentially in the past few years, providing a more realistic impression and understanding of cities. Often, 3D city models are created by elevating the buildings from a detailed 2D topographic base map and subsequently used in studies such as solar panel allocation, infrastructure remodelling, antenna installations or even tourist guide applications. However, the large amount of resulting data slows down rendering and visualisation of the 3D models, and can also impact the performance of any analysis. Generalisation enables a reduction in the amount of data – however the addition of the third dimension makes this process more complex, and the loss of detail resulting from the process will inevitably have an impact on the result of any subsequent analysis.</p><p>While a few 3D generalization algorithms do exist in a research context, these are not available commercially. However, GIS users can create the generalised 3D models by simplifying and aggregating the 2D dataset first and then extruding it to the third dimension. This approach offers a rapid generalization process to create a dataset to underpin the impact of using generalised data for analysis. Specifically, in this study, the line of sight from a tall building and the sun shadow that it creates are calculated and compared, in both original and generalised datasets. The results obtained after the generalisation process are significant: both the number of polygons and the number of nodes are minimized by around 83<span class="thinspace"></span>% and the volume of 3D buildings is reduced by 14.87<span class="thinspace"></span>%. As expected, the spatial analyses processing times are also reduced. The study demonstrates the impact of generalisation on analytical results – which is particularly relevant in situations where detailed data is not available and will help to guide the development of future 3D generalisation algorithms. It also highlights some issues with the overall maturity of 3D analysis tools, which could be one factor limiting uptake of 3D GIS.</p>
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Mohana Krishnan, S., Saurav Rawat, M. Surender, R. Balakrishna und R. Anandan. „Implementing an Energy Calculator in a Mobile Based Application for Solar Potential Measurement“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 3.6 (04.07.2018): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.6.16012.
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has matured to become a technically viable large scale source of sustainable energy. Understanding the rooftop PV potential is critical for utility planning, accommodating grid capacity, deploying financing schemes and formulating future adaptive energy policies. The NIWE (National Institute of Wind Energy) under MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy) is an esteemed institute dedicated to Indian wind and solar renewable energy generation and monitoring. The SRRA (Solar Radiation and Resource Assessment) is a division under NIWE that is responsible for solar energy monitoring throughout India. They have created the Solar Radiation Map of India using high quality, ground measured solar data. This asks the question, whether it is possible to get a quick estimate of a solar installation. Thus, the paper explains the problems in the field of solar potential measurement and the deployment of a calculator in a mobile front platform. The mobile app would quickly and effortlessly give a rough estimate on what a solar installation could save in power consumption costs.
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Al-Aboosi, Fadhil Y., und Abdullah F. Al-Aboosi. „Preliminary Evaluation of a Rooftop Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Installation under the Climatic Conditions of Texas (USA)“. Energies 14, Nr. 3 (24.01.2021): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030586.
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have demonstrated growing competitiveness as a viable alternative to fossil fuel-based power plants to mitigate the negative impact of fossil energy sources on the environment. Notwithstanding, solar PV technology has not made yet a meaningful contribution in most countries globally. This study aims to encourage the adoption of solar PV systems on rooftop buildings in countries which have a good solar energy potential, and even if they are oil or gas producers, based on the obtained results of a proposed PV system. The performance of a rooftop grid-tied 3360 kWp PV system was analyzed by considering technical, economic, and environmental criteria, solar irradiance intensity, two modes of single-axis tracking, shadow effect, PV cell temperature impact on system efficiency, and Texas A&M University as a case study. The evaluated parameters of the proposed system include energy output, array yield, final yield, array and system losses, capacity factor, performance ratio, return on investment, payback period, Levelized cost of energy, and carbon emission. According to the overall performance results of the proposed PV system, it is found to be a technically, economically, and environmentally feasible solution for electricity generation and would play a significant role in the future energy mix of Texas.
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Liu, Jie, Hai Bo Jiang und Hang Guo. „Analysis about the Feasibility of Power Generation through Renewable Energy on Coral Reefs“. Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (Mai 2012): 2625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.2625.
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This paper analyzed the feasibility of development and utilization of four kinds of renewable energy sources which are wind energy, wave energy and ocean current energy, solar energy and gave some specific recommendations about the use of wind power. The richness of four kinds of energy sources and some problems about the cost, reliability, installation, utilization and maintenance were systematically investigated. Studies have shown that on the coral reefs solar power generation has the more feasibility than wind power generation, and wave power generation and marine power generation have no feasibility within future ten years.
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Kassem, Youssef, Hüseyin Çamur und Ramzi Aateg Faraj Aateg. „Exploring Solar and Wind Energy as a Power Generation Source for Solving the Electricity Crisis in Libya“. Energies 13, Nr. 14 (18.07.2020): 3708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143708.
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The current study is focused on the economic and financial assessments of solar and wind power potential for nine selected regions in Libya for the first time. As the existing meteorological data, including wind speed and global solar radiation, are extremely limited due to the civil war in the country, it was therefore decided to use the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) database as a source of meteorological information to assess the wind and solar potential. The results showed that the country has huge solar energy potential compared to wind energy potential. Additionally, it is found that Al Kufrah is a suitable region for the future installation of the Photovoltaic (PV) power plant due to high annual solar radiation. Based on the actual wind speed analysis, Benghazi and Dernah are the best regions for large-scale wind farm installation in the future taking into account existing meteorological data limitations. The values of the wind power density in all regions are considerable and small-scale wind turbines can be used to generate electricity based on NASA average monthly wind data for 37 years (1982–2019). Moreover, this work aimed to evaluate the wind/PV systems technical and economically through RETScreen Expert (Version 6.0, CanmetENERGY Varennes Research Centre of Natural Resources Canada, Varennes, Canada). Focusing on the power supply crisis in the country, the potential of electricity production by 5 kW grid-connected residential/household rooftop PV in all regions is proposed and presented. Additionally, this paper evaluated a techno-economic analysis of the 50MW wind/PV system in suitable places. The performance of a 5 kW and 50 MW PV solar system with three PV technologies, namely mono-crystalline silicon, poly-crystalline silicon, and thin-film (CdTe), was also analyzed. The results demonstrated that the development of the wind/PV system in the selected regions is both technically and economically feasible. The outcomes of this study can help decision-makers in designing and installing PV power plants as an alternative source for the future.
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Lourenço, Ana, Sara Carvalho, Teresa Barata, Adriana Garcia, Víctor Carrasco und Nuno Peixinho. „Solar observations at the Coimbra Astronomical Observatory“. Open Astronomy 28, Nr. 1 (01.01.2019): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/astro-2019-0015.
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Abstract In 2020, the Geophysical and Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra will celebrate the 95th anniversary of its first spectroheliographic observation. Keeping a daily service of solar observations since then, making almost a century, led to one of the largest continuous solar data collections in the world. This long–term solar database is essential for studies where solar activity is involved. This work reviews the development of synoptic observations made at the Observatory of Coimbra since 1925 and presents a summary of some of the principal stages of the Observatory’s history since its founding in 1772. We refer the main technical improvements and present some perspectives for the near future. One of the most significant upgrades was the installation of a CCD camera in 2007. The transition from photographic emulsion to digital recording methods allowed the development of image analysis algorithms to process solar images and improved data sharing with other institutions. This upgrade enabled also to carry–out modern climate and space weather studies. This valuable advancement makes it possible to create a new catalogue of solar observations to be published in the future.
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Li, Bin, Zhong Miao Kang, Liang Rui Tang und Bing Qi. „Dual-Axis Tracking Solar Scaffold Mechanic for the Joint Storage Photovoltaic Power Generation System for Manufacturing“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 252 (Dezember 2012): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.252.327.
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Public building systems using mainly the roof and wall with semiconductor materials that generally a few hundred kilowatts to several megawatts, most of the power generation system, building their own electricity needs are met, excess electricity can be transmitted to the grid. The general annual solar radiation direction and the horizontal angle is the angle of inclination, and also based on the latitude of the installation area. A novel dual-axis tracking solar system is presented in this paper that can be simply manufactured , and the photovoltaic power generation is analysis from the system architecture. The mechanical and electrical characteristic is also analyzed and compared, and the proposed approach can be widely used in future wind-solar complementary system.
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Þrastarson, Sindri, Björn Marteinsson und Hrund Ólöf Andradóttir. „Fýsileiki virkjunar sólarorku á norðurslóðum: Reynsla af sólarpanelum IKEA á Íslandi“. Icelandic Journal of Engineering 25 (07.12.2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ije.25.1.
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The efficiency and production costs of solar panels have improved dramatically in the past decades. The Nordic countries have taken steps in instigating photovoltaic (PV) systems into energy production despite limited incoming solar radiation in winter. IKEA installed the first major PV system in Iceland with 65 solar panels with 17.55 kW of production capacity in the summer of 2018. The purpose of this research was to assess the feasibility of PV systems in Reykjavík based on solar irradiation measurements, energy production of a PV array located at IKEA and theory. Results suggests that net irradiation in Reykjavík (64°N, 21° V) was on average about 780 kWh/m2 per year (based on years 2008-2018), highest 140 kWh/m2 in July and lowest 1,8 kWh/m2 in December. Maximum annual solar power is generated by solar panels installed at a 40° fixed angle. PV panels at a lower angle produce more energy during summer. Conversely, higher angles maximize production in the winter. The PV system produced over 12 MWh over a one-year period and annual specific yield was 712 kWh/kW and performance ratio 69% which is about 10% lower than in similar studies in cold climates. That difference can be explained by snow cover, shadow falling on the panels and panels not being fixed at optimal slope. Payback time for the IKEA PV system was calculated 24 years which considers low electricity prices in Reykjavik and unforeseen high installation costs. Solar energy could be a feasible option in the future if production- and installation costs were to decrease and if the solar PV output could be sold to the electric grid in Iceland.
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Song, Xiaoyang, Yaohuan Huang, Chuanpeng Zhao, Yuxin Liu, Yanguo Lu, Yongguo Chang und Jie Yang. „An Approach for Estimating Solar Photovoltaic Potential Based on Rooftop Retrieval from Remote Sensing Images“. Energies 11, Nr. 11 (15.11.2018): 3172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113172.
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Solar energy is the most clean renewable energy source and has good prospects for future sustainable development. Installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems on building rooftops has been the most widely applied method for using solar energy resources. In this study, we developed an approach to simulate the monthly and annual solar radiation on rooftops at an hourly time step to estimate the solar PV potential, based on rooftop feature retrieval from remote sensing images. The rooftop features included 2D rooftop outlines and 3D rooftop parameters retrieved from high-resolution remote sensing image data (obtained from Google Maps) and digital surface model (DSM, generated from the Pleiades satellite), respectively. We developed the building features calculation method for five rooftop types: flat rooftops, shed rooftops, hipped rooftops, gable rooftops and mansard rooftops. The parameters of the PV modules derived from the building features were then combined with solar radiation data to evaluate solar photovoltaic potential. The proposed method was applied in the Chao Yang District of Beijing, China. The results were that the number of rooftops available for PV systems was 743, the available rooftop area was 678,805 m2, and the annual PV electricity potential was 63.78 GWh/year in the study area, which has great solar PV potential. The method to perform precise calculation of specific rooftop solar PV potential developed in this study will guide the formulation of energy policy for solar PV in the future.
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Fakhraian, Elham, Marc Alier, Francesc Valls Dalmau, Alireza Nameni und Maria José Casañ Guerrero. „The Urban Rooftop Photovoltaic Potential Determination“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 13 (02.07.2021): 7447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137447.
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Urban areas can be considered high-potential energy producers alongside their notable portion of energy consumption. Solar energy is the most promising sustainable energy in which urban environments can produce electricity by using rooftop-mounted photovoltaic systems. While the precise knowledge of electricity production from solar energy resources as well as the needed parameters to define the optimal locations require an adequate study, effective guidelines for optimal installation of solar photovoltaics remain a challenge. This paper aims to make a complete systematic review and states the vital steps with their data resources to find the urban rooftop PV potential. Organizing the methodologies is another novelty of this paper to create a complete global basis for future studies and improve a more detailed degree in this particular field.