Thematische Bibliographien / Fusarium Rot

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Fusarium Rot“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Fusarium Rot"

Al-Ani, R. A., M. A. Adhab, M. H. Mahdi und H. M. Abood. „Rhizobium japonicum as a biocontrol agent of soybean root rot disease caused by Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina“. Plant Protection Science 48, No. 4 (06.11.2012): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2012-pps.

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The activity of Rhizobium japonicum against the soil-borne pathogens Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina as causative agents of soybean root rot disease in both culture medium and soil was evaluated. Rhizobial culture filtrate caused an inhibition of the fungal radial growth of Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina on potato dextrose agar medium amended with the filtrate compared with control. The addition of rhizobial culture suspension to the soil contaminated by the two pathogens, Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina and their interaction, in pots, improved seed germination percentages and reduced the root rot disease index significantly. The sowing of rhizobial coated seeds in soil contaminated by Fusarium solani and Macrophomina phaseolina separately and in combination, in the field, increased seed germination significantly and induced a high reduction in disease severity for the same previous combination under field conditions. These results indicate that rhizobia could be an important element in root rot disease management.

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Kukushkina, Kristina, Sofia Ovsyankina und Sergei Khizhnyak. „Sensitivity of pathogens of helminthosporiosis and fusarium rot of grain crops in the Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe to seed protectants of various chemical composition“. АгроЭкоИнфо 2, Nr. 50 (19.04.2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202122232.

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The article presents the results of studies on the sensitivity of pathogens of helminthosporiosis and fusarium rot of grain crops in the Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe to seed protectants of different chemical composition. Objects of research: Bipolaris sorokiniana (21 isolates) and Fusarium spp. (41 isolates) isolated from wheat roots. To conduct the experiment, the following protectants were used: Oplot, Vial Trust, Vitaros, Lamador, Maxim. The results of the studies showed that the regional population of B. sorokiniana demonstrates high sensitivity to the drug Vitaros, moderate sensitivity to the drugs Oplot, Lamador and Maxim, and low sensitivity to the drug Vial Trust, and regional representatives of R. Fusarium demonstrate high sensitivity to the drug Vitaros, moderate sensitivity to the drugs Lamador and Vial Trust, relatively low sensitivity to the drug Oplot and almost complete resistance to the drug Maxim The most effective drug for use in the territory of the Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe has been determined. Keywords: CEREALS, WHEAT, HELMINTHOSPORIOSE ROT, FUSARIUM ROT, FUSARUIM SPP., BIPOLARIS SOROKINIANA, KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY, KANSK-ACHINSK FOREST-STEPPE, PROTECTANTS, RESISTANCE, BULWARK, LAMADOR, VITAROS, VIAL TRUST, MAXIM, SEEDS

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Li, Lina, Qing Qu, Zhiyan Cao, Zhengyu Guo, Hui Jia, Ning Liu, Yanhui Wang und Jingao Dong. „The Relationship Analysis on Corn Stalk Rot and Ear Rot According to Fusarium Species and Fumonisin Contamination in Kernels“. Toxins 11, Nr. 6 (05.06.2019): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060320.

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Fusarium diseases, including corn root rot, sheath rot, stalk rot, and ear rot are frequently occurring in maize producing areas of China. Fusarium stalk rot and ear rot are the most serious diseases and often occur at the same time, but it is unclear whether there is a correlation between Fusarium composition and disease occurrence. This study was conducted to clarify the relationship between the two diseases. A total of 49 corn stalk rot samples were collected from 15 regions of eight provinces in China from 2016 to 2018. The pathogens were isolated and identified separately from stalks, ear stems, and kernels. The contents of the fumonisins (FB1 and FB2) were detected in kernels. The results showed that the main Fusarium species were found in corn kernels, ear stems and stalks at the same time. The results showed that 1201 strains of Fusarium verticillioides, 668 strains of Fusarium oxysporum, 574 strains of Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), 318 strains of Fusarium equiseti, 95 strains of Fusarium proliferatum, and 40 strains of Fusarium subglutinans were isolated from 1470 corn kernels, 245 ear stems, and 1225 stalks randomly selected from 49 samples. The contamination rate of fumonisins in the 49 samples was 57.1% with an average content of 1.9 μg/g, of which four samples exhibited higher levels as set by the European Commission (4.0 μg/g). These results provide a certain association between stalk rot and ear rot and lay a foundation to study the relationships among Fusarium maize diseases.

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Hagerty, Christina H., Tessa Irvine, Hannah M. Rivedal, Chuntao Yin und Duncan R. Kroese. „Diagnostic Guide: Fusarium Crown Rot of Winter Wheat“. Plant Health Progress 22, Nr. 2 (01.01.2021): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-10-20-0091-dg.

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Fusarium crown rot of winter wheat is an economically important disease in most regions where winter wheat is grown. Fusarium crown rot is caused by Fusarium culmorum and F. pseudograminearum. This diagnostic guide details information to aid in field, molecular, and morphological diagnosis of Fusarium crown rot.

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Saad, Ahmed, Bethany Macdonald, Anke Martin, Noel L. Knight und Cassandra Percy. „Winter Cereal Reactions to Common Root Rot and Crown Rot Pathogens in the Field“. Agronomy 12, Nr. 10 (19.10.2022): 2571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102571.

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In Australia, Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. culmorum are the two main fungi causing crown rot, while Bipolaris sorokiniana is the causal agent of common root rot. Fusarium graminearum is typically linked with Fusarium head blight; however, it has been associated with crown rot in Australia and other parts of the world. This study investigated the reactions of single cultivars of barley, bread wheat, durum wheat, oat, and triticale to inoculation with strains of F. pseudograminearum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum and B. sorokiniana in field trials across two seasons. Fusarium pseudograminearum and F. culmorum caused greater visual discolouration than F. graminearum and B. sorokiniana on both stems and sub crown internodes of all hosts. Fusarum pseudograminearum caused the greatest reduction in plant dry weight across hosts in both years. Durum wheat (cv. Hyperno) barley (cv. Grimmett), bread wheat (cv. Livingston) and triticale (cv. Endeavour) observed significantly high levels of visual discolouration on stems when inoculated with F. pseudograminearum, while oat (cv. Genie) exhibited the least visual discolouration. Despite variation in the visual discolouration, the DNA of all pathogens were detected in all cultivars. This research further highlights the complicated nature of the pathogen × strain × cultivar × environment interaction, which remains a challenge in breeding for genetic resistance. The specific infection of each fungus and the host responses in these field trials improves our understanding of disease development and its importance in cropping systems.

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Rahman, MA, ZR Moni, MA Hussen und TH Ansari. „Prevalence Of Fungal Diseases In Medicinal Plants In Northern Region Of Bangladesh“. SAARC Journal of Agriculture 17, Nr. 2 (03.02.2020): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v17i2.45306.

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A season wise survey was conducted on the fungal diseases of some important cultivated medicinal plants in two consecutive years 2014 and 2015 in the northern region of Bangladesh. Eleven fungal diseases namely root rot (Fusarium solani) and leaf blight (Alternaria alternata) of Ashwagandha, leaf spot (Curvularia lunata) and collar rot (Fusarium oxysporium) of Alovera, powdery mildew (Erysiphe sp.) and root rot (Fusarium oxysporium) of Tulsi, collar rot (Fusarium oxysporium) and leaf spot (Collettotrichum gloeosporioides) of Kalmegh, tuberous rot (Fusarium solani) and stem rot (Fusarium oxysporium) of Satamuli, and root rot (Fusarium solani) of Basak were recorded. Most of the diseases were found in the rainy season’s comparative to other seasons. Among all the above-mentioned diseases, the powdery mildew (Erysiphe sp.) of Tulsi was found mainly in winter season. With the spreading of these fungal diseases on medicinal plants could be a set back to the industry associated with the formulation of its medicinal products. Therefore, this work may encourage other researchers to study these diseases further for development of proper management. SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 197-212 (2019)

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Kačergius, A., und D. Radaitienė. „Greenhouse test for the resistance to root and stem rot of Hypericum perforatum L. accessions“. Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (31.12.2017): 533–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10547-pps.

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Root and stem rot caused by soil-borne agent Fusarium avenaceum is a major disease of wild Hypericum perforatum accessions in the field collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAP) of the Institute of Botany in Lithuania. These wild accessions of H. perforatum are growing as an initial material for breeding. In 1998–2001 the monitoring of epidemiological situation of field collection of H. perforatum showed differences among accessions considering the resistance to root rot. High intensity of root rot was observed in the third–fourth years of cultivation. The most damaged plants (> 50%) were among the accessions 219, 379, 381, and cv. Zolotodolinskaja. Fungi of the Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Rhizoctonia, and Verticillium genera were associated with H. perforatum roots together with the rot agent Fusarium avenaceum. Seven accessions from Lithuania and cv. Zolotodolinskaja of H. perforatum were tested for the resistance to root rot under greenhouse conditions. Two accessions (219, 381) were highly susceptible to the disease, another two (218, 383) were less susceptible, others were free of the symptoms of root rot. Accessions and single plants, survived after artificial infection, have been selected for further investigations.

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Grünwald, N. J., V. A. Coffman und J. M. Kraft. „Sources of Partial Resistance to Fusarium Root Rot in the Pisum Core Collection“. Plant Disease 87, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2003): 1197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.10.1197.

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Fusarium root rot, caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi, is one of the most important fungal diseases of pea and is found in most pea-growing areas around the world. Currently, no commercial cultivars are resistant to this pathogen. Availability of new sources of partial resistance could provide another tool for managing Fusarium root rot. In all, 387 accessions from the Pisum core collection were evaluated for resistance to Fusarium root rot in two independent experiments. Nonparametric analysis of variance conducted on ranks of disease severity for each accession indicated that the two experiments corresponded well. Forty-four plant introduction lines with a disease severity rating of 2.5 or less on a 0-to-5 scale (where 5 = completely rotted) were selected as being partially resistant to root rot. Immunity to Fusarium root rot was not found. Comparison of disease resistance data for Aphanomyces root rot and Fusarium root rot showed a weak, but significant and positive correlation. A complete listing of the data for the partial resistance of all accessions tested can be found at the National Plant Germplasm System website, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service.

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Scruggs, A. C., und L. M. Quesada-Ocampo. „Etiology and Epidemiological Conditions Promoting Fusarium Root Rot in Sweetpotato“. Phytopathology® 106, Nr. 8 (August 2016): 909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-01-16-0009-r.

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Sweetpotato production in the United States is limited by several postharvest diseases, and one of the most common is Fusarium root rot. Although Fusarium solani is believed to be the primary causal agent of disease, numerous other Fusarium spp. have been reported to infect sweetpotato. However, the diversity of Fusarium spp. infecting sweetpotato in North Carolina is unknown. In addition, the lack of labeled and effective fungicides for control of Fusarium root rot in sweetpotato creates the need for integrated strategies to control disease. Nonetheless, epidemiological factors that promote Fusarium root rot in sweetpotato remain unexplored. A survey of Fusarium spp. infecting sweetpotato in North Carolina identified six species contributing to disease, with F. solani as the primary causal agent. The effects of storage temperature (13, 18, 23, 29, and 35°C), relative humidity (80, 90, and 100%), and initial inoculum level (3-, 5-, and 7-mm-diameter mycelia plug) were examined for progression of Fusarium root rot caused by F. solani and F. proliferatum on ‘Covington’ sweetpotato. Fusarium root rot was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) at lower temperatures (13°C), low relative humidity levels (80%), and low initial inoculum levels for both pathogens. Sporulation of F. proliferatum was also reduced under the same conditions. Qualitative mycotoxin analysis of roots infected with one of five Fusarium spp. revealed the production of fumonisin B1 by F. proliferatum when infecting sweetpotato. This study is a step toward characterizing the etiology and epidemiology of Fusarium root rot in sweetpotato, which allows for improved disease management recommendations to limit postharvest losses to this disease.

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Sever, Zdravka, Dario Ivić, Tomislav Kos und Tihomir Miličević. „Identification of Fusarium Species Isolated From Stored Apple Fruit in Croatia / Identifikacija Vrsta Roda Fusarium Izoliranih S Plodova Jabuke Nakon Skladištenja“. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 63, Nr. 4 (01.12.2012): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-63-2012-2227.

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AbstractSeveral species of the genus Fusarium can cause apple fruit to rot while stored. Since Fusarium taxonomy is very complex and has constantly been revised and updated over the last years, the aim of this study was to identify Fusarium species from rotten apples, based on combined morphological characteristics and molecular data.We identified 32 Fusarium isolates from rotten apple fruit of cultivars Golden Delicious, Jonagold, Idared, and Pink Lady, stored in Ultra Low Oxygen (ULO) conditions. Fusarium rot was detected in 9.4 % to 33.2 % of naturally infected apples, depending on the cultivar. The symptoms were similar in all four cultivars: a soft circular brown necrosis of different extent, with or without visible sporulation. Fusarium species were identified by the morphology of cultures grown on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) and carnation leaf agar (CLA). Twenty one isolates were identified as Fusarium avenaceum and confirmed as such with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primer pair FA-ITSF and FA-ITSR. F. pseudograminearum,F. semitectum, F. crookwellense, and F. compactum were identified by morphological characteristics. F.avenaceum can produce several mycotoxins and its dominance in Fusarium rot points to the risk of mycotoxin contamination of apple fruit juices and other products for human consumption. Pathogenicity tests showed typical symptoms of Fusarium rot in most of the inoculated wounded apple fruits. In this respect Fusarium avenaceum, as the dominant cause of Fusarium rot in stored apple fruits is a typical wound parasite.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Fusarium Rot"

Moya, Ernesto Antonio. „Distribution and interaction of Fusarium crown rot and common root rot pathogens of wheat in Montana and development of an integrated management program for Fusarium crown rot“. Thesis, Montana State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/moya/MoyaE0810.pdf.

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This thesis had three objectives: i) Determining distribution of FCR and common root rot (CRR) of wheat in Montana; ii) Determining population dynamics between F. pseudograminearum and Bipolaris sorokiniana at different wheat development stages, and iii) Development of an integrated disease management program for Fusarium crown rot (FCR) using biological and fungicide seed treatments, cultivar resistance, and induced systemic resistance (SAR). Surveys of 91 fields over two years using qPCR identified FCR in 57% and CRR in 93% of the fields surveyed. Bipolaris sorokiniana, F. culmorum and F. pseudograminearum were isolated from 15, 13 and 8% of tillers respectively. FCR distribution was highly clustered while CRR was uniformly distributed with soil type, elevation and growing degree days influencing distribution. Data from intensively sampled fields estimated yield losses caused by FCR and CRR at 3.2 to 34.9% with losses influenced by pathogen population. This study is the first time qPCR was used to survey the distribution of FCR and CRR and to study the interaction of the respective pathogens. The effect of F. pseudograminearum and B. sorokiniana inoculum applied singly or in combination at three rates showed high and low rates of F. pseudograminearum inoculum reduced Bipolaris populations, while B. sorokiniana inoculations did not affect Fusarium populations in stems. Populations of both pathogens increased from heading until harvest with Fusarium colonizing stems earlier than Bipolaris. Mixed inoculations increased incidence of infection and co-infection relative to that observed in production fields. Both fungi alone or combined reduced the seedling counts. Grain yield was inversely correlated with Fusarium populations. Difenoconazole-mefenoxam seed treatment reduced FCR severity between 29.3-50% and fungal and bacterial seed treatments were ineffective. The cv. Volt was identified as partially resistant and had the highest levels of chitinase and beta-1, 3-glucanase activity of cultivars evaluated. Induction of SAR by Bacillus mycoides isolate BmJ or acibenzolar Smethyl significantly reduced the severity of FCR compared to water controls. Integration of cultivar resistance plus fungicide seed treatment or SAR induction provided equal control in greenhouse and irrigated trials. In a dryland field trial, integration of all management tools reduced FCR more than individual tools.

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Chittem, Kishore. „Genomics and Management of Fusarium Root Rot of Field Peas“. Diss., North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26475.

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Dry Pea or field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important cool season legume crop grown in the United States. Field peas are vulnerable to many diseases of which, soil borne diseases including wilt and root rot are of major economic importance and can cause significant reduction in yield. There is a dearth of satisfactory methods for control of root rot and no varieties with complete resistance to Fusarium root rot are currently available. Root rot disease was found to be prevalent in all the major pea growing counties of North Dakota surveyed in 2004, 2005, 2010 and 2011. Fusarium species were the most frequently isolated fungal species from the infected pea roots of which, F. oxysporum and F. avenaceum were the most common. 21 Field pea varieties were screened for resistance against F. avenaceum and F. solani f. sp. pisi, the Fusarium species traditionally associated with root rots of field pea in growth chamber experiments and field trials. Low levels of resistance were detected in a few cultivars but no variety was found to be completely resistant to any of the pathogens tested. Efficiency of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) in controlling Fusarium species most commonly associated with root rots was evaluated under in vitro and field conditions. Significant reduction in spore production, spore germination, and dry mycelial weight of Fusarium spp. were detected on PCC amended media in laboratory studies. In greenhouse and field experiments significant reduction in root rot disease severity was observed with PCC application compared to control. Fungal gene expression in artificially infected field pea roots and F. graminearum grown in culture was assessed using the Illumina mRNA-Seq technology. A total of 613 F. graminearum genes were found to be differentially expressed in planta on pea. Functional classes associated with amino acid metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, extracellular polysaccharide degradation, detoxification by degradation and defense related proteins were found to be significantly enriched in the up-regulated gene set as determined using FunCatDB. Expression of four up-regulated genes was confirmed by RT-PCR to validate the inferences from the sequencing results.

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Odom, Jennifer Lorraine. „Evaluation of Field Pea Varieties for Resistance to Fusarium Root Rot Pathogens“. Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28500.

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Fusarium root rot is one of the most important diseases of pulse crops, with numerous Fusarium spp. comprising the disease complex. Fusarium solani and F. avenaceum have been reported to be major pathogens in the pea root rot complex, and all commonly grown varieties are susceptible. Greenhouse methods to evaluate peas for resistance to Fusarium root rot resulted in inconsistent disease severity across varieties. In 2015, F. avenaceum infested field plots were more heavily damaged based on emergence and yield than F. solani infested plots, and opposite trends were observed in 2016. Differences in root rot severity between years could be due to F. solani infestation causing more damage under warmer temperatures, while plots infested with F. avenaceum caused more damage under cooler temperatures. These results highlight the difficulties observed when screening for soil-borne pathogens, and the increased difficulties when a pathogen complex and changing environmental conditions are involved.

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Tvedt, Chryseis Theresa. „Efficacy of Seed Treatments and In-Furrow Fungicides for Management of Dry Bean Root Rot Caused by Rhizoctonia Solani and Fusarium Solani, and Field Pea Root Rot Caused by Fusarium Avenaceum and Fusarium Solani“. Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28366.

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Dry bean and field pea root rots have resulted in substantial yield losses in North Dakota. Root rot symptoms range from small lesions to complete root destruction. Traditional management practices such as seed treatment fungicides and crop rotation have proven insufficient under high disease pressure. The objective of this research was to determine the efficacy of in-furrow fungicide applications for management of dry bean and field pea root rot under field and greenhouse conditions. Fungicides were applied in-furrow at planting on dry beans and field peas. In most trials, the inoculated/non-treated control displayed significantly higher levels of root rot than the non-inoculated/non-treated control. In-furrow fungicides generally reduced root rot severity, sometimes significantly over the seed treatment; however, the level of control varied among hosts and pathogens. The results of these studies indicate that the use of in-furrow fungicides, along with cultural practices, may improve the overall management of root rot.

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Adeyanju, Adedayo. „Genetic study of resistance to charcoal rot and Fusarium stalk rot diseases of sorghum“. Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17559.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Agronomy
Tesfaye Tesso
Fusarium stalk rot and charcoal rot caused by Fusarium thapsinum and Macrophomina phaseolina respectively are devastating global diseases in sorghum that lead to severe quality and yield loss each year. In this study, three sets of interrelated experiments were conducted that will potentially lead to the development of resistance based control option to these diseases. The first experiment was aimed at identifying sources of resistance to infection by M. phaseolina and F. thapsinum in a diverse panel of 300 sorghum genotypes. The genotypes were evaluated in three environments following artificial inoculation. Out of a total of 300 genotypes evaluated, 95 genotypes were found to have resistance to M. phaseolina and 77 to F. thapsinum of which 53 genotypes were resistant to both pathogens. In the second experiment, a set of 79,132 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers were used in an association study to identify genomic regions underlying stalk rot resistance using a multi-locus mixed model association mapping approach. We identified 14 loci associated with stalk rot and a set of candidate genes that appear to be involved in connected functions controlling plant defense response to stalk rot resistance. The associated SNPs accounted for 19-30% of phenotypic variation observed within and across environments. An analysis of associated allele frequencies within the major sorghum subpopulations revealed enrichment for resistant alleles in the durra and caudatum subpopulations compared with other subpopulations. The findings suggest a complicated molecular mechanism of resistance to stalk rots. The objective of the third experiment was to determine the functional relationship between stay-green trait, leaf dhurrin and soluble sugar levels and resistance to stalk rot diseases. Fourteen genotypic groups derived from a Tx642 × Tx7000 RIL population carrying combinations of stay-green quantitative trait loci were evaluated under three environments in four replications. The stg QTL had variable effects on stalk rot disease. Genotypes carrying stg1, stg3, stg1,3 and stg1,2,3,4 expressed good levels of resistance to M. phaseolina but the combination of stg1 and stg3 was required to express the same level of resistance to F. thapsinum. Other stg QTL blocks such as stg2 and stg4 did not have any impact on stalk rot resistance caused by both pathogens. There were no significant correlations between leaf dhurrin, soluble sugar concentration, and resistance to any of the pathogens.

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Parsons, Michael Wayne. „Biotic and abiotic factors associated with Fusarium ear rot of maize caused by Fusarium verticillioides“. [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

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Vermeulen, Meagan. „A host-pathogen study of Fusarium Verticillioides in resistant and susceptible maize inbred lines“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96915.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important crop worldwide and forms the staple diet of many African countries including South Africa. Fusarium ear rot (FER) of maize is caused by a fungus, Fusarium verticillioides, which also produces the fumonisin mycotoxin group. The consumption of fumonisin contaminated maize grain has been associated with serious human and animal health complications. Several South African maize inbred lines exhibiting resistance to FER and fumonisin contamination have been identified. These locally adapted inbred lines could be used to generate mapping populations to identify QTLs associated with resistance to FER and fumonisin contamination. The corresponding markers could be utilised in breeding programmes through marker-assisted selection to ensure the development of commercial cultivars with resistance to FER and fumonisin contamination. In this study, resistant and susceptible maize inbred lines were utilised to commence the development of recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations for the mapping and validation of QTLs associated with FER and fumonisin resistance. One F2 population was phenotypically and genotypically analysed to produce a linkage map for the preliminary identification of QTLs associated with resistance to F. verticillioides infection and fumonisin deposition. A potential QTL for resistance to FER was detected and should be validated across several locations and years in the subsequent RIL population. Additionally, potential resistance barriers of maize to infection by F. verticillioides were investigated by histological studies. The importance of a closed stylar canal in determining resistance to FER was established for nine South African maize inbred lines by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). No significant association was observed between a closed stylar canal and the resistance/susceptible status of maize inbred lines before pollination, while the canals appeared closed in all inbred lines following pollination. The results suggest that the stylar canal architecture is not an essential factor determining resistance to F. verticillioides ingress in the maize inbred lines selected for this study. Furthermore, the possibility of resistance to FER and fumonisin contamination being initiated during the seedlings phase of a resistant and susceptible maize inbred line was investigated by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Fusarium verticillioides growth originating from soil-borne or seed-borne contamination was monitored in various above and below soil plant tissues but no significant difference in the colonisation could be determined between resistant and susceptible maize seedlings. No fumonisin was produced regardless of the inoculation method or resistance status of the plant. These results suggests that the resistant and susceptible maize seedlings used in this study may not be resistant to systemic fungal ingress but may resist the deposition of fumonisins. The resistance associated with the resistant inbred line is not mediated during the seedling phase but potentially through structural and biochemical defence mechanisms during later plant developmental stages.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mielies (Zea mays L.) is ‘n belangrike graangewas wat wêreldwyd geproduseer word en dien as stapelvoedsel in talle Afrika-lande, insluitend Suid-Afrika. Fusarium kopvrot (FKV) in mielies word veroorsaak deur die swam, Fusarium verticillioides, wat ook die fumonisien mikotoksien groepe produseer. Die inname van fumonisien-geïnfekteerde mielies gaan gepaard met ernstige gesondheidsprobleme in mense en diere. Verskeie Suid-Afrikaanse ingeteelde mielielyne, wat weerstandbiedend is teen FKV en fumonisien kontaminasie, is voorheen identifiseer. Hierdie plaaslik-aangepaste teellyne kan gebruik word om kartering populasies te genereer om kwantitatiewe eienskap loci (KEL) te identifiseer wat verband hou met weerstandbiedenheid teen FKV en fumonisien kontaminasie. Die ooreenstemmende merkers kan gebruik word in teelprogramme deur gebruik te maak van merker-geassisteerde seleksie om kommersieële kultivars, wat weerstandbiedend is teenoor FKV en fumonisien kontaminasie, te ontwikkel. In hierdie studie is weerstandbiedende en vatbare mielie inteellyne gebruik om rekombinante inteellyn (RIL) populasies te begin ontwikkel vir die kartering en validasie van KEL’e geassosieer met FKV en fumonisien weerstandbiedenheid. Een F2 populasie was fenotipies en genotipies geanaliseer om ‘n koppeling-kaart te verwek vir die voorlopige identifikasie van KEL’e geassosieer met weerstandigheid tot F. verticillioides infeksie en fumonisein afsetting. ‘n Potensiële KEL vir weerstandbiedenheid is geïdentifiseer, wat verdere bevestiging in die daaropvolgende RIL populasie in verskeie geografiese areas en oor addisionele seisoene, benodig. Potensiële fisiese versperrings teen F. verticillioides tydens mieliesaad infeksie is ook ondersoek met behulp van histologiese studies. Die belangrikheid van ‘n geslote styl-kanaal vir weerstandbiedendheid teenoor FKV is bevestig in nege Suid-Afrikaanse inteellyne deur middel van skandeer elektron mikroskopie (SEM). Geen beduidende verwandskap tussen ‘n geslote styl-kanaal en die weerstandbiedenheid/vatbaarheid van die inteellyne voor bestuiwing is gevind nie, terwyl die kanaal in alle inteellyne gesluit was na bestuiwing. Die resultate dui daarop dat die styl-kanaal argitektuur nie ‘n noodsaaklike faktor is in die bepaling van weestand tot F. verticillioides besmetting in die suiwer mielielyne wat geselekteer was in hierdie studie nie. Verder is die moontlikheid dat weestand tot FKV en fumonisien kontaminasie geïnisieer kan word gedurende die saailing-fase ondersoek in beide ‘n weerstandbiedende en vatbare mielie inteellyn met behulp van konfokale laser skandering mikroskopie (CLSM). Die groei van F. verticillioides afkomstig vanuit die grond of saad is gemonitor in verskeie bo- en ondergrondse plantweefsels, maar geen beduidende verskille in kolonisasie kon opgespoor word tussen weerstandbiedende en vatbare mielie saailinge nie. Geen fumonisien produksie is waargeneem nie, ongeag die innokulasie metode of weerstand-status van die plant. Hierdie resultate dui daarop dat die weerstandbiedende en vatbare mielie saailinge wat in hierdie studie gebruik is moontlik nie weerstandbiedend is teen sistemiese swaminfeksie nie, maar wel weerstand kan bied tot afsetting van fumonisiene. Die weerstand geassosieër met die weerstandbiedende inteellyn word nie bemiddel gedurende die saailingfase nie maar waarskynlik deur strukturele en biochemiese verdedigingsmeganismes tydens latere plant ontwikkelings-stadia.
National Research Foundation (NRF)

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Hunter, Ian George. „Epidemiological studies of Fusarium culmorum on winter barley“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254225.

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Wyenandt, Christian Andrew. „Fusarium fruit rot (fusarium spp.) of pumpkin (cucurbita pepo) and its control with cover crop mulches“. The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1080223228.

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Lees, Alison Kathryn. „Diagnosis and control of foot rot pathogens of wheat“. Thesis, Open University, 1995. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57549/.

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Foot rot disease of wheat is caused by the pathogens Fusarium cuImorum, F.avenaceum and Microdochium nivale. Symptoms of foot rot are a general browning of the stem base and leaf sheath. There is a discrepancy between the ability of fungicides to control these pathogens in vivo and in vitro, and no relationship between disease symptom severity and yield loss has been established in wheat. The identification of the causal agents of foot rot disease is not possible from examination of disease symptoms alone. This work showed that the azole fungicides flusilazole and prochloraz inhibited the germination of conidia and mycelial growth of F. culmonon, F. avenaceum and M. nivale in vitro to a varying extent. However, no consistent control of these pathogens in wheat was observed in the field using the same fungicides. Further studies employing a semicontrolled outdoor experiment showed a relationship between density and timing of inoculum application, disease symptom severity and yield loss in wheat artificially inoculated with F. culmorum and M. nivale. Molecular marker systems were used to address the problem of pathogen detection and identification. A Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was developed to differentiate F.culmorum, F.avenaceum and two types of M.nivale (M.nivale var.nivale and M. nivale var .majus) in vitro. Selected RAPD products were cloned and sequenced and species specific primers constructed from this sequence infonnation. These primers were used in the polymerase chain reaction (peR) and were shown to detect the pathogens in host tissue. This technique was adapted by addition of a competitor fragment to the peR reaction resulting in a quantifiable competitive peR assay. Using this method the fungal biomass of each pathogen present in the host tissue could be estimated. The development of these techniques for the identification, detection and quantification of F. cuimorum, F.avenaceum, M.nivale var.nivale and M.nivale var.majus in plant tissue will allow more extensive studies of the epidemiology of these species, the competition between species and the effect of fungicides on these pathogens can be carried out.

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Mehr Quellen

Bücher zum Thema "Fusarium Rot"

Choiseul, James W. The characterisation, pathogenicity and control of Fusarium spp. that cause dry rot of potato. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1996.

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Horst, Mielke. Untersuchungen über Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc. als Fuss- und Ährenkrankheitserreger beim Weizen. Berlin: Kommissionsverlag P. Parey, 1988.

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Dunn, Geraldine Kim. The effects of chemical inhibitors on the resistance of tomato to Fusarium crown and root rot: An anatomical study. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992.

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James, Robert L. Evaluation of root diseases of containerized conifer seedlings at the Champion Timberlands Nursery, Plains, Montana. Missoula, Mont: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 1988.

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James, Robert L. Effects of preplant soil treatments on Fusarium and Trichoderma populations and fungal root colonization of 2-0 nondiseased western white pine seedlings - USDA Forest Service Nursery, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Missoula, MT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 2002.

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James, Robert L. Effects of spring applications of dazomet on root diseases and performance of Douglas-fir and western white pine transplants, USDA Forest Service Nursery, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Missoula, MT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 2002.

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Kapadiya, Iteshkumar, Laljibhai Akbari und Jayadip Talaviya. Management of root rot [Fusarium solani Sacc.] of okra. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2015.

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Brammall, Ronald Anthony. Host-pathogen interactions in Fusarium crown and root rot disease in tomato. 1987.

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Dunn, Geraldine Kim. The effects of chemical inhibitors on the resistance of tomato to Fusarium crown and root rot: an anatomical study. 1991.

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Yadav, Kalpana, Hrsg. Studies on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis cucumerinum Causing Root and Stem rot of Cucumber and in vitro Assay for management. AkiNik Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/ed.book.1864.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Fusarium Rot"

Pettitt, Tim, Xiangming Xu und David Parry. „Association of Fusarium species in the wheat stem rot complex“. In Epidemiology of Mycotoxin Producing Fungi, 769–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1452-5_11.

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Magotra, Shanu, Deepika Trakroo, Sneha Ganjoo und Jyoti Vakhlu. „Bacillus-Mediated-Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) Against Fusarium Corm Rot“. In Microbial-mediated Induced Systemic Resistance in Plants, 15–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0388-2_2.

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Chatterton, Syama, und Zamir K. Punja. „Interactions Between Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata, Fusarium oxysporum and Cucumber Roots Leading to Biological Control of Fusarium Root and Stem Rot“. In Recent Developments in Management of Plant Diseases, 93–106. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8804-9_8.

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Logrieco, A., G. Mulè, A. Moretti und A. Bottalico. „Toxigenic Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with maize ear rot in Europe“. In Mycotoxins in Plant Disease, 597–609. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0001-7_1.

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Kumar, Sandeep, Abhinav Aeron, Piyush Pandey und Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari. „Ecofriendly Management of Charcoal Rot and Fusarium Wilt Diseases in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)“. In Bacteria in Agrobiology: Crop Ecosystems, 387–405. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18357-7_14.

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Kartashov, Maxim, Tatyana Pasechnik, Natalia Statsyuk, Larisa Shcherbakova und Vitaly Dzhavakhiya. „Assessment of the Sensitivity of Some Fusarium Root Rot Agents to 6-Demethyl Mevinolin, a Putative Biosensitizer“. In Recent Advances in Environmental Science from the Euro-Mediterranean and Surrounding Regions (2nd Edition), 1085–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51210-1_170.

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Pascale, Michelangelo, Angelo Visconti und Jerzy Chelkowski. „Ear rot susceptibility and mycotoxin contamination of maize hybrids inoculated with Fusarium species under field conditions“. In Mycotoxins in Plant Disease, 645–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0001-7_6.

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Matsubara, Yoh-ichi, Jia Liu und Tomohiro Okada. „Effect of NaCl on Tolerance to Fusarium Crown Rot and Symbiosis-Specific Changes in Free Amino Acids in Mycorrhizal Asparagus“. In Soil Biology, 511–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23075-7_25.

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Steinberg, Christian, Charline Lecomte, Claude Alabouvette und Véronique Edel-Hermann. „Root Interactions with Nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum“. In Belowground Defence Strategies in Plants, 281–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42319-7_12.

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He, Xinyao, Navin C. Gahtyari, Chandan Roy, Abdelfattah A. Dababat, Gurcharn Singh Brar und Pawan Kumar Singh. „Globally Important Non-rust Diseases of Wheat“. In Wheat Improvement, 143–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90673-3_9.

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AbstractWhile the three rusts are the most predominant wheat diseases in the global scale, various other diseases dominate in different geographical regions. In this chapter, some major non-rust diseases of wheat with global and/or regional economic importance are addressed, including three spike diseases (Fusarium head blight, wheat blast, and Karnal bunt), four leaf spotting diseases (tan spot, Septoria nodorum blotch, spot blotch, and Septoria tritici blotch), and several root diseases.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Fusarium Rot"

Lugovtsova, S. Yu, N. A. Neshumaeva, V. Yu Stupko und N. V. ZobovaN.V. „Root rot toxines as a factor in the selection of resistant forms of oats in vitro“. In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.153.

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Hanson, Linda E. „Fusarium seed stalk blight and rot in sugar beet.“ In American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist. ASSBT, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2009.42.

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Diaz Arias, Mercedes, Gregory L. Tylka, Alison Robertson, Leonor Leandro und Gary Munkvold. „Fusarium root rot of soybeanâ€”occurrence, impact, and relationship with soybean cyst nematode“. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-266.

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Shvartsev, A. A., und I. P. Smirnova. „Study of the distribution of phytoplasmosis and fusariosis in certain areas of the Moscow region“. In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house RGAU-MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-95.

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In this work, we studied the distribution of especially dangerous phytopathogens - the causative agent of Apple proliferation (Candidatus Phytoplasma mali) and causative agents of root rot (Fusarium oxysporum, F. sambucinum, F. culmorum) in three districts of the Moscow region.

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Shchekleina L. M., Shchekleina L. M. „Cultivars soft wheat varietiesresistant to fusariose root rots“. In Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house of RGAU - MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-61.

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The laboratory express test revealed 11 varieties from Russia (Margarita, Bazhenka, Moskovskaya 35, Amir, Ekada 70, Almata, Pamyat Yudin, Pamyati Leontyev, Chernozemouralskaya 2, Khutoryanka, Tobolskaya) and 4 foreign varieties Bonpain – France, Shen 68 -71 – China, BL 1530 – Nepal, Naxos – Germany) may be of some interest in breeding spring bread wheat to increase resistance to Fusarium root rot.

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Lupascu, Galina, und Svetlana Gavzer. „Considerații cu privire la interacțiunile grâu – patogeni fungi în contextul schimbărilor climatice“. In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.06.

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It was established that the environmental conditions strongly influence the fungal spectrum that causes the root rot of the stem base to common wheat in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova. In more severe conditions (high temperature, drought) the incidence of Fusarium equiseti increases. The interaction of common wheat with one of the causative agents of stem rot – F. oxysporum is determined by the combination, the orientation of the cross to obtain F1 hybrids, the temperature factor, which has a direct impact on seedling growth and transgressive potential of F2 segregating populations, a phenomenon with major importance for the improvement programs.

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Minati, Mohammed Hussein. „First record of nine Fusarium spp. causing root rot on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Iraq“. In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS ICNAAM 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0027398.

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Jing, Wang, Li Shi-bo, Zhang Cheng-sheng, Feng Chao und Kong Fan-yu. „Occurrence and pathogen isolation of tobacco fusarium root rot in main tobacco production regions of Shandong province“. In 2011 6th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2011.5976040.

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Balashova, Irina, Liubov Sokolova und Sergey Sirota. „The heritability of tolerance to Alternaria dauci and Fusarium oxysporum in F1-hybrids of carrot“. In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.75.

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Heritability the tolerance to Alternaria dauci and Fusarium oxysporum in prospective F1-hybrids of car-rot has been discussed in the paper. As QTLs isn’t reliable enough for the determination of tolerance heritability in F1-hybrid progenies, authors used traditional methods of inoculation applying step-by-step at every stage of plant’s development. Carrot lines have been evaluated carefully at different types of infection backgrounds, tol-erant lines and lines with weak sensitivity have been selected for crossings. F1-hybrids have been obtained and evaluated at the provocative infection background. Using dispersion analysis, the authors show, that tolerance to Alternaria dauci and Fusarium oxysporum has been inherited by the paternal type.

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Стратулат, Татьяна, Татьяна Щербакова, Штефан Кручан und Андрей Лунгу. „Пораженность листвы древесных насаждений города Кишинева комплексом гнилей летом 2021 года“. In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.92.

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To determine the complex of fungi that cause rot on the leaves and needles of tree species in the green spaces of Chisinau, foliage was collected in four sectors of the city. It was determined by microbio-logical methods that the complex of pathogens on the leaves differs little in different sectors. The main leaf rot fungi present on the affected leaves and needles are Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. For the treatment of the green spaces of Chisinau against diseases, it is advisable to carry out phytosanitary measures with biological products.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Fusarium Rot"

Diaz Arias, Maria Mercedes, Leonor F. S. Leandro und Gary P. Munkvold. Effects of Soybean Cyst Nematode Infestation and Resistance on Fusarium Root Rot on Soybeans. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-258.

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Kistler, Harold Corby, und Talma Katan. Identification of DNA Unique to the Tomato Fusarium Wilt and Crown Rot Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7571359.bard.

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Wilt and crown rot are two important diseases of tomato caused by different strains ("formae speciales") of the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. While both pathogens are members of the same fungal species, each differs genetically and resistance to the diseases is controlled by different genes in the plant. Additionally, the formae speciales differ in their ecology (e.g. optimal temperature of disease development) and epidemiology. Nevertheless, the distinction between these diseases based on symptoms alone may be unclear due to overlapping symptomatology. We have found in our research that the ambiguity of the pathogens is further confounded because strains causing tomato wilt or crown rot each may belong to several genetically and phylogenetically distinct lineages of F. oxysporum. Furthermore, individual lineages of the pathogen causing wilt or crown rot may themselves be very closely related. The diseases share the characteristic that the pathogen's inoculum may be aerially dispersed. This work has revealed a complex evolutionary relationship among lineages of the pathogens that makes development of molecular diagnostic methods more difficult than originally anticipated. However, the degree of diversity found in these soil-borne pathogens has allowed study of their population genetics and patterns of dispersal in agricultural settings.

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Cytryn, E., Sean F. Brady und O. Frenkel. Cutting edge culture independent pipeline for detection of novel anti-fungal plant protection compounds in suppressive soils. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2022.8134142.bard.

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Fusarium oxysporum spp. causes Panama disease in bananas and crown and root rot in an array of vegetables and field crops, but increased regulations have restricted the use of many conventional chemical pesticides, and there are a limited number of commercially available products effective against them. The soil microbiome represents a largely untapped reservoir of secondary metabolites that can potentially antagonize fungal pathogens. However, most soil bacteria cannot be cultivated using conventional techniques and therefore most of these compounds remain unexplored. The overall goal of this two-year project was to extract and characterize novel secondary metabolites from "unculturable" soil microbiomes that antagonize Fusarium and other fungal plant pathogens. Initially, the Cytryn lab at the Volcani Institute (ARO) identified candidate biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding for potentially novel antifungal compounds (specifically non-ribosomal peptides and polyketides) in soil and plant root microbiomes using cutting-edge metagenomic platforms. Next, the Brady lab at Rockefeller University (RU) screened archived soil metagenomic cosmid libraries for these BGCs, and heterologously expressed them in suitable hosts. Finally, the Frenkel and Cytryn labs at ARO assessed the capacity of these heterologous expressed strains to antagonize Fusarium and other fungal plant pathogens. Initially tomato and lettuce were analyzed, and subsequently roots of cucumbers grown in suppressive (biochar amended) soils were targeted. We found that the composition of tomato and lettuce root BGCs are similar to each other, but significantly different from adjacent bulk soil, indicating that root bacteria possess specific secondary metabolites that are potentially associated with rhizosphere competence. BGC linked to known metabolites included various antimicrobial, (e.g., streptazone E, sessilin), antifungal (heat-stable antifungal factor- HSAF, II and ECO-02301), and insecticidal (melingmycin, orfamide A) compounds. However, over 90% of the identified BGCs were moderately to significantly different from those encoding for characterized secondary metabolites, highlighting the profusion of potentially novel secondary metabolites in both root and soil environments. Novel BGCs that were abundant in roots and remotely resembled those of antifungal compounds were transferred to RU for subsequent screening and five were identified in RU soil metagenomic cosmid libraries. Two of these clusters (BARD-1711 BARD-B481) were heterologously-expressed in a Streptomyces albus J1074 strain, and transferred to ARO. The strain harboring BARAD-B481 was found to antagonize Fusarium significantly more than the host strain, indicating that this BGCs product has antifungal activity. Future studies will need to work on chemically characterizing the BARAD-B481 BGC and progress with the above described pipeline for other interesting BGCs.

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Hoitink, Harry A. J., Yitzhak Hadar, Laurence V. Madden und Yona Chen. Sustained Suppression of Pythium Diseases: Interactions between Compost Maturity and Nutritional Requirements of Biocontrol Agents. United States Department of Agriculture, Juni 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568755.bard.

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Several procedures were developed that predict maturity (stability) of composts prepared from municipal solid wastes (MSW). A respirometry procedure, based O2 uptake by compost, predicted (R2=0.90) the growth response of ryegrass in composts and an acceptable level of maturity. Spectroscopic methods (CPMAS13-NMR and DRIFT spectroscopy) showed that the stabilizing compost contained increasing levels of aromatic structures. All procedures predicted acceptable plant growth after approximately 110 days of composting. MSW compost suppressed diseases caused by a broad spectrum of plant pathogens including Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium oxysporum. A strain of Pantoea agglomerans was identified that caused lysis of hyphae of R. solani. Evidence was obtained, suggesting that thermophilic biocontrol agents also might play a role in suppression. 13C-NMR spectra revealed that the longevity of the suppressive effect against Pythium root rot was determined by the concentration of readily biodegradable carbohydrate in the substrate, mostly present as cellulose. Bacterial species capable of inducing biocontrol were replaced by those not effective as suppression was lost. The rate of uptake of 14C-acetate into microbial biomass in the conducive substrate was not significantly different from that in the suppressive substrate although specific activity was higher. The suppressive composts induced systemic acquired resistance in cucumjber roots to Pythium root rot and to anthracnose in the foliage. Composts also increased peroxidase activity in plants by the conducive substrate did not have these effects. In summary, the composition of the organic fraction determined bacterial species composition and activity in the substrate, which in turn regulated plant gene expression relative to biological control.

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Katan, Jaacov, und Michael E. Stanghellini. Clinical (Major) and Subclinical (Minor) Root-Infecting Pathogens in Plant Growth Substrates, and Integrated Strategies for their Control. United States Department of Agriculture, Oktober 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568089.bard.

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In intensive agriculture, harmful soilborne biotic agents, cause severe damage. These include both typical soilborne (clinical) major pathogens which destroy plants (e.g. Fusarium and Phytophthora pathogens), and subclinical ("minor") pathogens (e.g. Olpidium and Pythium). The latter cause growth retardation and yield decline. The objectives of this study were: (1) To study the behavior of clinical (major) and subclinical (minor) pathogens in plant growth substrate, with emphasis on zoosporic fungi, such as Pythium, Olipidium and Polymyxa. (2) To study the interaction between subclinical pathogens and plants, and those aspects of Pythium biology which are relevant to these systems. (3) To adopt a holistic-integrated approach for control that includes both eradicative and protective measures, based on a knowledge of the pathogens' biology. Zoospores were demonstrated as the primary, if not the sole propagule, responsible for pathogen spread in a recirculating hydroponic cultural system, as verified with P. aphanidermatum and Phytophthora capsici. P. aphanidermatum, in contrast to Phytophthora capsici, can also spread by hyphae from plant-to-plant. Synthetic surfactants, when added to the recirculating nutrient solutions provided 100% control of root rot of peppers by these fungi without any detrimental effects on plant growth or yield. A bacterium which produced a biosurfactant was proved as efficacious as synthetic surfactants in the control of zoosporic plant pathogens in the recirculating hydroponic cultural system. The biosurfactant was identified as a rhamnolipid. Olpidium and Polymyxa are widespread and were determined as subclinical pathogens since they cause growth retardation but no plant mortality. Pythium can induce both phenomena and is an occasional subclinical pathogen. Physiological and ultrastructural studies of the interaction between Olpidium and melon plants showed that this pathogen is not destructive but affects root hairs, respiration and plant nutrition. The infected roots constitute an amplified sink competing with the shoots and eventually leading to growth retardation. Space solarization, by solar heating of the greenhouse, is effective in the sanitation of the greenhouse from residual inoculum and should be used as a component in disease management, along with other strategies.

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Betancourt Vásquez, Mónica, Luis Gabriel Bautista Montealegre, Gustavo Adolfo Rodríguez Yzquierdo, Tatiana Camila Miranda Salas, Jefersson Andrés Rodríguez Blandón, William Andrés Cardona, Jorge Enrique Cardona Cardona, Sandra Viviana Alzate Henao und Yuly Marcela Machuca Henao. Manejo integrado de enfermedades: prevención de FOC R4T y bioseguridad. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.infografia.2021.8.

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El Marchitamiento de las musáceas producido por Fusarium, es la enfermedad más agresiva y limitante de las musáceas. En plátano, la Raza 1 de este hongo afecta principalmente a clones de Cachaco (Musa ABB) y en banano a Gros Michel. La epidemia por raza 1 obligó a la industria de exportación a cambiar el tipo de banano por el material tipo Cavendish. En el año 2019 el ICA reportó la presencia de la raza 4 tropical de Fusarium (Foc R4T) en Colombia, en banano de exportación, en la Guajira.

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Betancourt, Monica, Miguel Dita, Eugenia Saini und Lina Salazar. Agenda para la prevención y el manejo de brotes de la raza 4 tropical de Fusarium (R4T) en el cultivo de musáceas en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Herausgegeben von Darrel Perez. Inter-American Development Bank, Mai 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002346.

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Michel Jr., Frederick C., Harry A. J. Hoitink, Yitzhak Hadar und Dror Minz. Microbial Communities Active in Soil-Induced Systemic Plant Disease Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586476.bard.

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Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) is a highly variable property that can be induced by compost amendment of potting media and soils. For example, previous studies showed that only 1 of 79 potting mixes prepared with different batches of mature composts produced from several different types of solid wastes were able to suppress the severity of bacterial leaf spot of radish caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae compared with disease on plants produced in a nonamended sphagnum peat mix. In this project, microbial consortia in the rhizosphere of plants grown in ISR-active compost-amended substrates were characterized. The plants used included primarily cucumber but also tomato and radish. Rhizosphere microbial consortia were characterized using multiple molecular tools including DGGE (Israel) and T -RFLP (Ohio) in both ISR-active field plots and potting media. Universal as well as population-specific bacterial and fungal PCR primers were utilized. T -RFLP analyses using universal bacterial primers showed few significant differences in overall bacterial community composition in ISR-active and inactive substrates (Ohio). In addition, the community members which were significantly different varied when different ISR-activecomposts were used (Ohio). To better characterize the shifts in microbial community structure during the development of ISR, population specific molecular tools were developed (Israel, Ohio).-PCR primers were designed to detect and quantify bacterial groups including Pyrenomycetes, Bacillus, Pan toea, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Streptomyces as well as Trichoderma and Fusarium; two groups of fungi that harbor isolates which are ISR active (Isreal and Ohio). Bacterial consortia associated with cucumber plants grown in compost-amended potting mixtures were shown to be dominated by the phylogenetic taxon Bacteroidetes, including members of the genus Chryseobacterium, which in some cases have been shown to be involved in biocontrol (Israel). Nested-PCR-DGGE analyses coupled with long l6S rDNA sequencing, demonstrated that the Chryseobacteriumspp. detected on seed and the root in compost-amended treatments were derived from the compost itself. The most effective ISR inducing rhizobacterial strains were identified as Bacillus sp. based on partial sequencing of l6S rDNA. However, these strains were significantly less effective in reducing the severity of disease than Trichoderma hamatum382 (T382). A procedure was developed for inoculation of a compost-amended substrate with T -382 which consistently induced ISR in cucumber against Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsiciand in radish against bacterial spot (Ohio). Inoculation of compost-amended potting mixes with biocontrol agents such as T -382 and other microbes that induce systemic resistance in plants significantly increased the frequency of systemic disease control obtained with natural compost amendments.

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