Thematische Bibliographien / Fusarium pathogens

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Fusarium pathogens“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 27. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 7. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Fusarium pathogens"

Sharma, Lav, und Guilhermina Marques. „Fusarium, an Entomopathogen—A Myth or Reality?“ Pathogens 7, Nr. 4 (28.11.2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens7040093.

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The Fusarium species has diverse ecological functions ranging from saprophytes, endophytes, and animal and plant pathogens. Occasionally, they are isolated from dead and alive insects. However, research on fusaria-insect associations is very limited as fusaria are generalized as opportunistic insect-pathogens. Additionally, their phytopathogenicity raises concerns in their use as commercial biopesticides. Insect biocontrol potential of Fusarium is favored by their excellent soil survivability as saprophytes, and sometimes, insect-pathogenic strains do not exhibit phytopathogenicity. In addition, a small group of fusaria, those belonging to the Fusarium solani species complex, act as insect mutualists assisting in host growth and fecundity. In this review, we summarize mutualism and pathogenicity among fusaria and insects. Furthermore, we assert on Fusarium entomopathogenicity by analyzing previous studies clearly demonstrating their natural insect-pathogenicity in fields, and their presence in soils. We also review the presence and/or production of a well-known insecticidal metabolite beauvericin by different Fusarium species. Lastly, some proof-of-concept studies are also summarized, which demonstrate the histological as well as immunological changes that a larva undergoes during Fusarium oxysporum pathogenesis. These reports highlight the insecticidal properties of some Fusarium spp., and emphasize the need of robust techniques, which can distinguish phytopathogenic, mutualistic and entomopathogenic fusaria.

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Abd Murad, Nur Baiti, Muskhazli Mustafa, Khozirah Shaari und Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin. „Antifungal Activity of Aqueous Plant Extracts and Effects on Morphological and Germination of Fusarium Fruit Rot Pathogens“. Sains Malaysiana 50, Nr. 6 (30.06.2021): 1589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5006-07.

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Fusarium fruit rot caused by fusarium species pathogens can be considered a threat to economic loss. The use of synthetic antifungals to control the pathogens has failed to the development of resistance of pathogens. Previous studies reported that plant extracts may contain various bioactive constituents that are able to control pathogen growth. Hence, the aims of this study are to examine the inhibition activity of some plant fresh extracts on mycelial growth and morphological changes of Fusarium oxysporum, F. proliferatum, and f. solani, causal agents of Fusarium fruit rot. Aqueous extract of selected plants was evaluated for their inhibition activity against all the three fusarium pathogens under in vitro condition using poisoned food bioassay. Averrhoa bilimbi fruit extract demonstrated a highly significant effect against mycelial growth of the pathogens with fungal inhibition percentage of 80.51% for F. oxysporum, 61.28% for F. proliferatum and 58.97% for f. solani. The results showed that the highest formation of 100% extract has lowered the conidia concentration and germination percentage of F. oxysporum (35.43%), F. proliferatum (47.61%), and f. solani (38.67%) compared to the control. Significant shriveled mycelia were observed via scanning electron microscope (SEM) on the pathogens treated with a. bilimbi extract, indicating morphological changes occurred in the cell membrane compared to the control in which the mycelia were in normal form. This innovation, which can be prepared and applied at home, has the potential as an eco-friendly and a benign approach to control fruit rot pathogen.

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Dawood, Mahamed K. „Seed-borne fungi, especially pathogens, of spring wheat“. Acta Mycologica 18, Nr. 1 (20.08.2014): 83–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.1982.005.

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The present investigations were carried out on seeds of the spring wheat var. 'Kolibri'. Storage was at either 12 or 15% moisture seed content, and temperature degrees of labile, 0°C, 25-30°C for a periods extended to 18 months. Seeds remained -healthy at 12% M. C., and 15% and 0°C. Mycological analysis of frosh and stored seeds revealed great difference among their fungal flora. Sporadic amounts of certain fungal pathogens, from the Fusarium genus, were isolated from seeds. In relation of seed-borne fungi to the health stale of plants developing, results of pot experiments showed the possibility of spread certain pathogens of Fusarium from seed to stem of the developing plant. The fungal communities of seeds or plants does not limit, in general, the development of these pathogens Fusartum culmorum, F. poae, F. equiseti. Fusarium culmorum was found, under the present work, to be a most severe infectous agent of foot rot disease of wheat crop var. 'Kolibri'.

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Grzanka, Monika, Łukasz Sobiech, Jakub Danielewicz, Joanna Horoszkiewicz-Janka, Grzegorz Skrzypczak, Zuzanna Sawinska, Dominika Radzikowska und Stanisław Świtek. „Impact of essential oils on the development of pathogens of the Fusarium genus and germination parameters of selected crops“. Open Chemistry 19, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 884–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2021-0079.

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Abstract Fungal pathogens can significantly reduce the potential yield of agricultural crops, especially cereals. One of the most dangerous are pathogens of the Fusarium genus. They contribute to the infestation of plants, reduction of yields, and contamination of agricultural crops with mycotoxins, which are harmful to human beings and animal health. The absence of active substances, the problem of pathogen resistance to fungicides, and the pressure of society to limit the use of chemical plant protection products are the most important issues in agriculture. This has resulted in research aimed at finding natural methods to control plant pathogens gaining importance. One of them is the use of essential oils. In laboratory experiments, clove essential oil and pine essential oil were used. The influence of different concentrations of the above-mentioned substances on the development of the mycelium of Fusarium species (F. equiseti, F. poae, F. culmorum, and F. avenaceum) was analyzed and the germination of wheat and maize seeds infected with the pathogens of the genus Fusarium was assessed. Clove oil significantly inhibited the growth of mycelium of the Fusarium species and reduced germination parameters than pine oil.

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Meyer, Susan E., Julie Beckstead und Phil S. Allen. „Niche specialization in Bromus tectorum seed bank pathogens“. Seed Science Research 28, Nr. 3 (13.06.2018): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258518000193.

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AbstractNiche theory predicts that when two species exhibit major niche overlap, one will eventually be eliminated through competitive exclusion. Thus, some degree of niche specialization is required to facilitate coexistence. We examined whether two important seed bank pathogens on the invasive winter annual grass Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass, downy brome) exhibit niche specialization. These pathogens utilize seed resources in complementary ways. Pyrenophora semeniperda is specialized to attack dormant seeds. It penetrates directly through the seed coverings. Hyphae ramify first through the endosperm and then throughout the seed. Seed death results as the embryo is consumed. In contrast, the Fusarium seed rot pathogen (Fusarium sp.) is specialized to attack non-dormant seeds in the early stages of germination. It cannot penetrate seed coverings directly. Instead, it responds to a cue emanating from the radicle end with directional hyphal growth and subsequent penetration at the point of radicle emergence, causing seed death. Non-dormant seeds usually escape P. semeniperda through germination even if infected because it develops more slowly than Fusarium. When water stress slows non-dormant seed germination, both P. semeniperda and Fusarium can attack and cause seed mortality more effectively. The Fusarium seed rot pathogen can sometimes reach epidemic levels and may result in B. tectorum stand failure (‘die-off’). Stands usually re-establish from the persistent seed bank, but if P. semeniperda has also reached high levels and eliminated the seed bank, a die-off can persist indefinitely.

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Porteous-Álvarez, Alejandra J., Sara Mayo-Prieto, Samuel Álvarez-García, Bonifacio Reinoso und Pedro A. Casquero. „Genetic Response of Common Bean to the Inoculation with Indigenous Fusarium Isolates“. Journal of Fungi 6, Nr. 4 (16.10.2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6040228.

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Fungal species from the genus Fusarium are important soil-borne pathogens worldwide, causing significant economic losses in diverse crops. The need to find sustainable solutions against this disease has led to the development of new strategies—for instance, the use of biocontrol agents. In this regard, non-pathogenic Fusarium isolates have demonstrated their ability to help other plants withstand subsequent pathogen attacks. In the present work, several Fusarium isolates were evaluated in climatic chambers to identify those presenting low or non-pathogenic behavior. The inoculation with a low-pathogenic isolate of the fungus did not affect the development of the plant, contrary to the results observed in plants inoculated with pathogenic isolates. The expression of defense-related genes was evaluated and compared between plants inoculated with pathogenic and low-pathogenic Fusarium isolates. Low-pathogenic isolates caused a general downregulation of several plant defense-related genes, while pathogenic ones produced an upregulation of these genes. This kind of response to low-pathogenic fungal isolates has been already described for other plant species and fungal pathogens, being related to enhanced tolerance to later pathogen attacks. The results here presented suggest that low-pathogenic F. oxysporum and F. solani isolates may have potential biocontrol activity against bean pathogens via induced and systemic responses in the plant.

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Zitnick-Anderson, Kimberly, Luis E. del Río Mendoza, Shana Forster und Julie S. Pasche. „Associations among the communities of soil-borne pathogens, soil edaphic properties and disease incidence in the field pea root rot complex“. Plant and Soil 457, Nr. 1-2 (22.10.2020): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04745-4.

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Abstract Background and aims Field pea production is greatly impacted by multiple soil-borne fungal and oomycete pathogens in a complex. The objectives of this research were to 1) identify the soil-borne pathogens associated with field pea in North Dakota and; 2) develop prediction models incorporating the occurrence of the soil-borne pathogen communities, soil edaphic properties and disease incidence. Methods Soil and plants were sampled from 60 field pea fields in North Dakota during 2014 and 2015. Plants (1500 across two years) were rated for both root rot and soil-borne pathogens isolated from roots. Soils were analyzed for edaphic properties. Indicator species analysis was used to identify soil-borne pathogen communities. Logistic regression was used to determine associations and develop prediction models. Results Survey results from 2014 and 2015 indicated that the most prevalent soil-borne pathogens identified in field pea fields were Fusarium spp. and Aphanomyces euteiches. Five soil-borne pathogen communities were identified; three of which had statistically significant associations characterized by (1) Fusarium acuminatum, (3) A. euteiches, and (4) Fusarium sporotrichioides. The occurrence of the three communities were associated with clay content, soil pH, Fe2+, and K+. Disease incidence was associated with the presence of either community 1 or 3 and K+. Conclusions The results generated from this research will contribute to the development of management strategies by providing a soil-borne pathogen community prediction tool.

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Tewoldemedhin, Yared T., Sandra C. Lamprecht, Martha M. Vaughan, Gail Doehring und Kerry O’Donnell. „Soybean SDS in South Africa is Caused by Fusarium brasiliense and a Novel Undescribed Fusarium sp.“ Plant Disease 101, Nr. 1 (Januar 2017): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-16-0729-re.

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Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) was detected in South Africa for the first time during pathogen surveys conducted in 2013 to 2014. The primary objective of this study was to characterize the 16 slow-growing Fusarium strains that were isolated from the roots of symptomatic plants. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of a portion of translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) and the nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer region (IGS rDNA) indicated that the etiological agents were Fusarium brasiliense and a novel, undescribed Fusarium sp. This is the first report of F. brasiliense outside of Brazil and Argentina and the novel Fusarium sp. causing soybean SDS. Koch’s postulates were completed for both fusaria on seven soybean cultivars that are commercially available in South Africa. Results of the pathogenicity experiment revealed that the strains of F. brasiliense and Fusarium sp. differed in aggressiveness to soybean, as reflected in differences in foliar symptoms, root rot, and reduction in shoot length. Cell-free culture filtrates of the two soybean SDS pathogens from South Africa and two positive control strains of F. virguliforme from the United States induced typical SDS symptoms on susceptible soybean cultivars in a whole-seedling assay, indicating that they contained phytotoxins.

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Timmusk, Salme, Eviatar Nevo, Fantaye Ayele, Steffen Noe und Ülo Niinemets. „Fighting Fusarium Pathogens in the Era of Climate Change: A Conceptual Approach“. Pathogens 9, Nr. 6 (28.05.2020): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9060419.

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium pathogens is one of the most devastating fungal diseases of small grain cereals worldwide, substantially reducing yield quality and food safety. Its severity is increasing due to the climate change caused by weather fluctuations. Intensive research on FHB control methods has been initiated more than a decade ago. Since then, the environment has been rapidly changing at regional to global scales due to increasing anthropogenic emissions enhanced fertilizer application and substantial changes in land use. It is known that environmental factors affect both the pathogen virulence as well as plant resistance mechanisms. Changes in CO2 concentration, temperature, and water availability can have positive, neutral, or negative effects on pathogen spread depending on the environmental optima of the pathosystem. Hence, there is a need for studies of plant–pathogen interactions in current and future environmental context. Long-term monitoring data are needed in order to understand the complex nature of plants and its microbiome interactions. We suggest an holobiotic approach, integrating plant phyllosphere microbiome research on the ecological background. This will enable the development of efficient strategies based on ecological know-how to fight Fusarium pathogens and maintain sustainable agricultural systems.

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Joshua, Jacqueline, und Margaret T. Mmbaga. „Potential Biological Control Agents for Soilborne Fungal Pathogens in Tennessee Snap Bean Farms“. HortScience 55, Nr. 7 (Juli 2020): 988–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14081-19.

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Fungi isolated from snap bean roots and rhizosphere soil where fungicides are not used included Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium camptoceras, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium solani, Peyronellaea pinodella, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Glomerella guttata. Only P. pinodella, M. phaseolina, and F. oxysporum were isolated on symptomatic plants. These soilborne fungi are common pathogens of diverse host plants. Pathogenicity tests under controlled environment demonstrated that these fungi were pathogenic on snap beans. Subsequently, bacterial endophytes isolated from snap bean roots, papaya roots and stems, and dogwood stems were evaluated as potential biological control agents against these diverse fungi. All bacteria isolated, including Bacillus vallismortis (PS), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Psl), Bacillus subtilis (Prt), Bacillus thuringiensis (Y and IMC8), Enterobacter sp. (E), Stenotrophomonas sp. (B17A), and Serratia sp. (B17B) suppressed growth of the fungal pathogens in vitro and formed clear inhibition zones in petri dish dual cultures. Growth media taken from the inhibition zones suppressed growth of the fungal pathogens in the absence of the bacterial cells, suggesting that the bacteria released unidentified antagonistic biochemical substances into the media. This study constitutes an initial screening of endophytes as biological control agents against diverse fungal pathogens and forms a basis for the discovery of novel strains that can be further developed and integrated into disease management systems for diverse fungal pathogens. Isolates B. vallismortis (PS), B. amyloliquefaciens (Psl), B. subtilis (Prt), and B. thuringiensis (Y IMC8) exhibited the best performance as potential biological control agents paving the way for larger-scale in vivo studies and characterization of their interactions with fungal pathogens.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Fusarium pathogens"

Vágány, Viktória. „Characterisation of fusarium pathogens in the UK“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/56393/.

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The primary aim of this project was to identify and characterise Fusarium species associated with the basal rot of Allium species and internal fruit rot of sweet peppers in the UK. The secondary objective was to develop quick molecular markers to identify Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (FOC) causing onion basal rot. Isolates representing diverse Fusarium species taken from onions, garlic, shallot and leeks obtained from different production and processing sites in the UK were collected. F. proliferatum was found for the first time to be a causal agent of onion basal rot in the UK, but F. oxysporum was by far the most common species and F. oxysporum isolates belonged to at least two different genotypes based on a sequence comparison of several “housekeeping” genes, and overall, appeared to be polyphyletic. None of the housekeeping genes studied correlate with pathogenicity. Secreted in xylem (SIX) genes offer more promise for the specific identification of F. oxysporum formae speciales (Lievens et al., 2009a) and a homologue of the SIX7 gene was found only in a few FOC isolates suggesting that SIX7 is not absolutely necessary for pathogenicity. Whole genome sequencing of a FOC isolate was carried out in order to understand pathogenicity and identify novel effector genes. This work revealed the presence of further homologues of published SIX genes, namely SIX3, SIX5 and SIX9. The presence of SIX3 and SIX5 has only been reported from F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici previously. Additionally, screening of eleven new candidate effector genes suggested that FOC isolates have different gene sets which correspond to the continuous variation of aggressiveness found within the FOC population. Fusarium lactis, F. proliferatum and F. solani were identified in association with internal fruit rot of sweet pepper obtained from three different production sites in the UK.

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Almiman, Bandar F. „Molecular genetic and genomic characterization of an emerging mycotoxigenic pathogen Fusarium proliferatum“. Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/622835.

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This aim of this research was to elucidate the genotypic diversity of the mycotoxigenic species Fusarium proliferatum associated with diverse hosts and distributed in wide geographic locations to gain new insights into the biology of this emerging pathogen. This study developed a novel molecular genetic marker FG1056. Multilocus typing of F. proliferatum isolates (52) using F. verticillioides (2) and F. oxysporum (3) as references was carried out with FG1056 and a set of known genetic markers (ITS, TEF1, CAL and FUM1). This distinguished up to 10 genetic groups, 2 clusters and 23 haplotypes among the F. proliferatum isolates. FG1056 marker showed the highest number of SNPs (169), informative sites (89) and haplotypes (23) relative to other markers used and was comparable to the multi locus typing. Varying patterns of relationships were observed between isolates represented in the genetic groups and their host and geographic origin. Considerable biological variability was recorded among the F. proliferatum isolates in morphology, growth, sporulation and most notably fumonisin production (up to 140-fold differences) with reference to variable temperature, water activity and duration. De novo genome assemblies with the size ranging from 43.96 - 50 Mb have been developed for four diverse F. proliferatum isolates. In silico analysis led to the identification of 12,980 genes common to all isolates and up to 134 genes potentially unique to an isolate. Using these resources, FUM gene cluster (~45.3 Kb) was identified for the first time in F. proliferatum. Order and orientation of the 16 FUM genes and the complete flanking genes (MSF1 and ZCB1 at 5’; ANK1 and GAT1 at 3’) have been determined. This study has provided new insights into the genetic and biological diversity of F. proliferatum and also developed new genetic and genomic resources, which will serve as a solid platform for further research particularly to understand the regulation of fumonisins production in the laboratory and in the field.

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Amoah, Bernasko Kwasi. „Pathogenicity and genetic studies of Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337831.

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Lees, Alison Kathryn. „Diagnosis and control of foot rot pathogens of wheat“. Thesis, Open University, 1995. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57549/.

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Foot rot disease of wheat is caused by the pathogens Fusarium cuImorum, F.avenaceum and Microdochium nivale. Symptoms of foot rot are a general browning of the stem base and leaf sheath. There is a discrepancy between the ability of fungicides to control these pathogens in vivo and in vitro, and no relationship between disease symptom severity and yield loss has been established in wheat. The identification of the causal agents of foot rot disease is not possible from examination of disease symptoms alone. This work showed that the azole fungicides flusilazole and prochloraz inhibited the germination of conidia and mycelial growth of F. culmonon, F. avenaceum and M. nivale in vitro to a varying extent. However, no consistent control of these pathogens in wheat was observed in the field using the same fungicides. Further studies employing a semicontrolled outdoor experiment showed a relationship between density and timing of inoculum application, disease symptom severity and yield loss in wheat artificially inoculated with F. culmorum and M. nivale. Molecular marker systems were used to address the problem of pathogen detection and identification. A Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay was developed to differentiate F.culmorum, F.avenaceum and two types of M.nivale (M.nivale var.nivale and M. nivale var .majus) in vitro. Selected RAPD products were cloned and sequenced and species specific primers constructed from this sequence infonnation. These primers were used in the polymerase chain reaction (peR) and were shown to detect the pathogens in host tissue. This technique was adapted by addition of a competitor fragment to the peR reaction resulting in a quantifiable competitive peR assay. Using this method the fungal biomass of each pathogen present in the host tissue could be estimated. The development of these techniques for the identification, detection and quantification of F. cuimorum, F.avenaceum, M.nivale var.nivale and M.nivale var.majus in plant tissue will allow more extensive studies of the epidemiology of these species, the competition between species and the effect of fungicides on these pathogens can be carried out.

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Odom, Jennifer Lorraine. „Evaluation of Field Pea Varieties for Resistance to Fusarium Root Rot Pathogens“. Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28500.

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Fusarium root rot is one of the most important diseases of pulse crops, with numerous Fusarium spp. comprising the disease complex. Fusarium solani and F. avenaceum have been reported to be major pathogens in the pea root rot complex, and all commonly grown varieties are susceptible. Greenhouse methods to evaluate peas for resistance to Fusarium root rot resulted in inconsistent disease severity across varieties. In 2015, F. avenaceum infested field plots were more heavily damaged based on emergence and yield than F. solani infested plots, and opposite trends were observed in 2016. Differences in root rot severity between years could be due to F. solani infestation causing more damage under warmer temperatures, while plots infested with F. avenaceum caused more damage under cooler temperatures. These results highlight the difficulties observed when screening for soil-borne pathogens, and the increased difficulties when a pathogen complex and changing environmental conditions are involved.

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Keyser, Zanephyn. „Parameters affecting the production of fumonisin B1 by fusarium verticillioides in culture“. Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4591.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Fi1sarium verticillioides is a very important mycotoxin-produeing fungus associated with maize. Fverticillioides produces a group of mycotoxins known as fumonisins under suitable environmental conditions. A series of studies was designed to provide information regarding some of the factors associated with the production offumonisin B1 (FB1) in maize patties and MYRO liquid medium. Our investigation together with previous studies have detailed the important influence of several factors on the production of fumonisins by F verticillioides strains. To understand why these strains are able to produce these toxins, an investigation into the complex interaction that occurs between biotic and abiotic parameters and their impact on fumonisin production was necessary. The results reflect the interacting factors and the intraspecific differences between strains, which may also be present in field conditions. The parameters that were varied under a predetermined set of culture conditions, included initial moisture content of maize patty cultures, temperature, initial pH and the addition of the fumonisin precursors, L-alanine and L-methionineto the cultures. Investigations into the three-way interactions of initial maize patty moisture content (30 ml water to 30g of maize), L-methionine (0.3 %) and temperature (25°C), resulted in the highest yield ofFB1 (5777.26 μgig) produced by MRC 4316. In contrast, MRC 826 was negatively affected, producing lower levels ofFB1 (3492.24 μg/g), compared to MRC 4316 at an initial moisture content (20 ml water to 30 g maize), L-methionine (0.3 %) and 25 °C. An American strain of F verticillioides MRC 7424 (= NRRL 13616), produced the highest levels of FB, (116 μg/ml), while the South African isolates, MRC 4316 and MRC 826, produced lower FB1 levels (93 and 62 μg/ml, respectively) in MYRO liquid medium. In general, FB1 production in maize patty cultures far exceeded levels obtained in liquid shake cultures. It appears that not only the ability of a particular strain of F. verticillioides, but the interaction of a variety of physiological and nutritional factors and the culture medium, are important in the production of FB,. Thus, variation of a single factor such as temperature under field conditions due to seasonal change, may therefore have a major effect on fomonisin production. A chain reaction may occur when changes in moisture, pH, etc. take place, which may influence fumonisin production further. Lyophilisation of fungal cultures proves to be an excellent method to preserve a wide range of fungi over long periods of time. It is, however, necessary to determine the viability of conidia stored in lyophilised vials at 4 ° Con a regular basis. At present, plate count methods remain the most valid technique for the detection of the viability of lyophilised conidia. Membrane-permeant nucleic acid-binding dyes (FUN-I) are viability stains that are relatively new flourescent probes for assessing the viability of metabolically active yeast cells. The purpose of this study was to microscopically determine the viability oflyophilised conidia of Fusarium and A lternaria species, using the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a control. FUN-1 viability stain was compared to two other staining methods, i.e. ethidium bromide (EB) and methylene blue (MB) and the viability of the conidia was compared to colony-forming units (CFU) on solid media as a control. For the purpose of determining or screening for percentage viability in a specific inoculum, results indicate that EB can be used in the case of lyophilised conidia, and MB in the case of freshly harvested conidia. Although FUN-I are recommended as a good way to determine the cell viability of a fungus, it needs relatively complicated procedures and has a time limit in which the stain can be used. The result of this study emphasize that the use of dyes to determine viability of lyophilised conidia require a critical definition of protocols for a specific fungal species, and that a good correlation with CFU needs to be demonstrated. The findings of this study could find useful applications in various studies on living and dead conidial populations. The diverse toxicological effects of fumonisins m animals and plants raised the possibility that fumonisins may also inhibit the growth of filamentous fungi. This study investigated the antifungal activity of FB1 to some h1sariu111 and other fungal species. The sensitivity of these fungi was tested by an agar-diffusion method on PDA plates. FB1 inhibited the myceliaJ growth of five of the nine fungi tested. The FB1-producing Fusarium species isolated from maize, i.e. F verticil/ioides, F glohosum and F proliferatum were resistant to FB1 even though a small inhibition zone at the highest FB1 concentration of 40mM was noted in the case of F. proliferatum. However, amongst two non-producing Fusarium spp. also isolated from maize, one (F subglutinans) was resistant and one (F graminearum) was sensitive. The most sensitive fungi tested were non-producing species not isolated from maize, i.e. A lternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum. The minimum inhibitory concentration ofFB1 ranged between 0.25-0.SmM for A. alternata, 1-SmM for P. expansum and B. cinerea and 5-1 OmM for F. graminearum, while the other fungi tested showed no sensitivity to FB1. This is the first report on the antifungal activity ofFB1 to filamentous fungi. Another study investigated the effect of FB1 on the germination of freshly harvested conidia of Fusarium and some other fungal species. The FB1 -producing F'usarium species isolated from maize, i. e. F vertici llioides, F. globosum and F. prolifer alum showed a decrease in germ tube length with an increase in FB1 concentrations. This indicated that these fungi can tolerate their own toxic metabolite to a ce11ain extent. However, amongst the two non-fumonisin producing Fi1sarium spp. examined, i.e. F. subglutinans and F. graminearum, isolated from maize, F. subglutinans was induced to genninate faster in the presence ofFB1 but soon developed stunted germ tubes, while F graminearum developed shorter germ tubes compared to the control cultures. The most sensitive fungi tested were species not isolated from maize, i.e. A. alternata, B. cinerea and P. expansum, which did not germinate at higher FB1 concentrations at all. Statistical analyses showed that the inhibiting effect of FB1 was highly significant (P <0.001). The conidial germination bioassay was more sensitive in the detection of the antifungal activity ofFB1 than the petri dish bioassay. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of FB1 for visible mycelial growth were closely comparable to those obtained from conidial germination. Results of these studies provide considerable information on the parameters affecting the production of FB1 and will be of great benefit in further studies focussing on fumonisin prodnction.

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Matheron, Michael E., Barry R. Tickes, Martin Porchas, Charles A. Sanchez, Louis G. Didier und Kevin P. Ford. „Evaluation of Lettuce Cultivars for Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in 2003“. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214947.

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In the 2001-2002 production season, Fusarium wilt was observed for the first time in six different lettuce fields in the Gila and Dome Valley production areas of Yuma County, Arizona. The disease was found in 11 additional sites during 2002-2003. Fusarium wilt presents a serious threat to the health of the lettuce industry in Arizona. The only effective means of controlling Fusarium wilt of lettuce at this time is to avoid infested fields. On the other hand, Fusarium wilt in other crops, such as tomatoes and melons, is controlled effectively by planting cultivars resistant to the pathogen. The relative resistance of lettuce cultivars grown in the Arizona desert production region is unknown; therefore, a cultivar evaluation trial was established in a field known to contain the wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lactucae. Tested cultivars were grouped into three different planting dates: Sep 7, Oct 17 and Dec 6, 2002. A majority of the cultivars within each planting date were those that would be planted in the desert at that time. Fusarium wilt was severe in the early planting of lettuce (Sep 7), moderate in the second planting (Oct 17) and very mild in the third planting (Dec 6). Disease severity was low in some lettuce cultivars in the second planting and most cultivars in the third planting. Among the types of lettuce tested, head lettuce was usually least resistant whereas romaine was most resistant. The data presented in this report are preliminary findings, subject to confirmation in another study planned for the next lettuce production season.

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Higuita, Didier Mauricio Chavarriaga. „Biological control of Fusarium spp. and other soil-borne pathogens on tree seedlings“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602315.

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Soil borne fungi isolated from forest areas and nurseries in North east of Scotland using baiting techniques, were identified using classical taxonomy and molecular methods (PCR amplification of ITS regions; restriction digestion; sequencing of PCR products) as Fusarium lateritium, F. tricinctum, F. sambucinum, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum and Rhizoctonia binucleate (Ceratobasidium sp.). Virulence was tested in vitro on young seedlings of Pinus sylvestris and Alnus glutinosa, and Koch's postulates fulfilled through reisolation of the pathogens and confirmation of fungal penetration into host tissues. Root growth was measured using the Winrhizo program, and dry weights recorded. Symptoms on aerial parts were assessed using a categorical scale from 0 (healthy) to 5 (damage > 76%). Fusarium spp. caused significant different (P 0.01) symptom intensity on both host plants. However, no significant difference in root growth was found between treatments and control (P 0.05). The effects of different compost treatments on disease development in seedlings of both hosts inoculated with the same fine root pathogens was tested in the glasshouse confirming the virulence of the fungal pathogens on P. sylvestris and A. glutinosa seedlings. Although mean dry weights of P. sylvestris and A. glutinosa varied between compost treatments, differences were not significantly different. Isolation, characterization and identification of bacterial isolates, Bacillus subtilis B1, fluorescent pseudomonads B4 and B5 with antagonistic action against pathogens were also carried out. These isolates along with the known bacterial antagonists Bacillus subtilis MB600, MB205 and Pseudomonas corrugata R117 were used for biological control in vitro and in planta experiments using Alnus glutinosa or Pinus sylvestris seedlings. All bacterial isolates colonized root systems of both tree species. Higher numbers of bacterial cells were observed on roots of A. glutinosa than on P. sylvestris roots. High bacterial cell numbers were observed in plants of both tree species inoculated with fluorescent pseudomonads B4 or B5. In vitro antagonism on agar plates, indicated by inhibition in fungal colony diameter growth, was recorded for F. tricinctum, F. lateritium and F. sambucinum, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum and Phythophthora cinnamomi with all bacterial isolates tested (P 0.05). Biological control of the fine root pathogens on Pinus sylvestris and Alnus glutinosa seedlings by bacteria semi in vivo in test tubes was carried out with various responses in both tree hosts. All bacterial treatments resulted in a lower sporangium germination rate for P. ultimum var. ultimum than was found in controls (P 0.05). Effect of the bacterial isolates separately on growth and disease development in Pinus sylvestris and Alnus glutinosa seedlings inoculated with the pathogens under glasshouse conditions using autoclaved compost was tested. The bacterial isolates had various effects against the pathogens, although in most cases no significant differences were observed relative to controls. Further soil-based trials were carried out in the glasshouse to achieve control of root disease development on Pinus sylvestris and Alnus glutinosa using a combination of different antagonists, based on a mixture of the bacterial isolates used previously and Trichoderma koningii (TC6-Colombia). None of the antagonistic treatments showed a clear antagonistic effect in Pinus sylvestris against the fungal infections compared to control plants inoculated with the pathogens alone. In contrast, in Alnus glutinosa plants T. koningii co-inoculation improved plant growth in several of the growth parameter measured.

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Blain, François 1964. „Phytotoxicity and pathogenicity of Fusarium roseum against red clover“. Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61848.

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Hurley, Brett Phillip. „Fungus gnats in forestry nurseries and their possible role as vectors of Fusarium circinatum“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23448.

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There are many examples of associations between insects and fungi. Where the fungi involved are pathogens, such associations may be of economic importance. Insects of no economic concern alone can also become important pests because of their association with fungal pathogens. Insects may assist in the spread of pathogens by carrying them on or in their bodies. Insects may also predispose plants to infection by creating wounds during feeding, oviposition or other behavioural activities. Knowledge of associations between insects and fungal pathogens often form a crucial component in the management strategy of these pathogens. The pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum, causes severe disease symptoms on mature pines in the USA. Various insects have been implicated as vectors of this disease. In South Africa, F. circinatum is reported only to cause disease on pine seedlings, where it results in severe losses in nurseries. Various insects are present in the nursery that could possibly be associated with the spread of the fungus or the infection of its hosts. Amongst these insects, fungus gnats are the prime suspects due to their history of association with fungal pathogens in other nurseries. The presence of fungus gnats in South African pine nurseries and their possible association with F. circinatum and other pathogens has never been investigated critically. The objective of this study was to expand the base of knowledge of fungus gnats in South African pine nurseries, and to consider their possible association with F. circinatum and their population structure within and between nurseries. The literature review provides a summary of fungus gnats in the nursery environment. This includes their description, biology and association with fungal pathogens. Information from these studies is used to evaluate the possible association between fungus gnats and F. circinatum in South African pine nurseries. In nurseries around the world where fungus gnats are considered pests, various control options have been used, and these are further discussed. The first research aim of this study was to determine whether fungus gnats are present in the major pine nurseries of South Africa. Thus, in Chapter 2, surveys were undertaken in four of the major pine nurseries. All fungus gnats collected were identified to species level. Other diptera collected were identified to family level. Furthermore, all diptera collected were isolated on general and selective growing medium to examine for the presence of F. circinatum. Results from Chapter 2 showed that only one species of fungus gnats was present in the nurseries and it was present in all four of the nurseries surveyed. This raised interesting questions regarding the phylogeographic structure of these populations and the diversity within and between populations. These questions are addressed in Chapter 3 using analysis of mitochondrial COI sequence data from fungus gnats collected in the four nurseries. Of particular importance was the interpretation of these results as it pertains to the movement of fungus gnats between populations, together with their associated fungi. Using general and specific growing medium to isolate fungal pathogens from insects is not necessarily an accurate method. Pathogens may be overgrown by faster growing fungi before they are noticed, especially if they are present only in small amounts. Chapter 4 examined the use of DNA-based methods as a tool to detect fungal pathogens on fungus gnats. Fungus gnats were collected from the same four nurseries as in Chapter 2. Species-specific primers for F. circinatum and Botrytis cinerea were used to detect these fungi. Dilution series were done to examine the sensitivity of the primers. General primers were used to detect other fungi. This dissertation includes some of the first studies ever undertaken on fungus gnats in South African pine nurseries. Their association with the very virulent pitch canker fungus is also considered in some detail. It is my hope that these studies will form a foundation for future research on fungus gnats in South Africa. Copyright
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Zoology and Entomology
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Bücher zum Thema "Fusarium pathogens"

James, Robert L. Effects of a 2-year fallow period on soil populations of Fusarium, Trichoderma and Pythium species after incorporating corn plant residues: USDA Forest Service Nursery, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Missoula, MT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 2000.

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Steel, Christopher Charles. Host-pathogen interactions in fusarium wilt of tomato. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1986.

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Whitehead, Debra Sian. Races and pathotypes of the wilt pathogen fusarium oxysporum. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1991.

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James, Robert L. Pathogenic characteristics of Fusarium acuminatum isolated from inland Pacific Northwest nurseries. Missoula, MT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 2000.

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James, Robert L. Pathogenic Fusarium on spruce seed from the Towner Nursery, North Dakota. Missoula, Mont: USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, 1985.

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James, Robert L. Pathogenic characteristics of Fusarium sporotrichioides isolated from inland Pacific Northwest forest nurseries. Missoula, MT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Region, 1999.

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Johnson, Elizabeth M. Hyaline moulds. Herausgegeben von Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum und Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0017.

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Hyaline moulds are fungi that grow predominantly in a filamentous form with colourless hyphae. This is not a taxonomic grouping and encompasses many thousands of different fungal genera. However, there is a small subset of environmental saprobes or plant pathogenic moulds, currently comprising at least 75 species from 30 different genera, that are opportunistic human pathogens and have been implicated in invasive infections referred to as hyalohyphomycosis. In addition they may cause less invasive cutaneous, subcutaneous, mucous membrane, and corneal infections. This group of organisms includes Fusarium, Sarocladium, Paecilomyces, Purpureocillium, Scedosporium, Rasamsonia, and Scopulariopsis spp., and it is these that form the focus of this chapter. Aspects of taxonomy, cell biology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, incidence, risk factors, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment are discussed with particular reference to those features that are specific to hyaline moulds.

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Jacobs, Samantha E., Catherine B. Small und Thomas J. Walsh. Fungal diseases of the respiratory tract. Herausgegeben von Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum und Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0030.

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Fungal respiratory infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Invasive aspergillosis remains the most common invasive fungal infection whereas other filamentous fungi, such as Fusarium spp., Mucorales, and Scedosporium spp., are increasing in frequency, particularly in neutropenic hosts. Endemic mycoses, including those due to Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides spp., and Talaromyces marneffei, are increasingly prevalent in patients with cell-mediated immunodeficiencies in respective geographic regions. Culture remains the gold standard of diagnosis but has limited sensitivity and often requires invasive procedures. Non-invasive diagnostic tests, including the serum sandwich enzyme immunoassay for the detection of galactomannan, the (1→3)-β‎-D-glucan assay, and molecular amplification methods have been developed to facilitate early and accurate diagnosis. Successful therapy depends upon early initiation of antifungal agents and reversal of immunosuppression. Lipid formulations of amphotericin B and newer generation triazoles including voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole have expanded the ability to treat multi-drug resistant pathogens more effectively and with less toxicity.

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Askun, Tulin, Hrsg. Fusarium - Plant Diseases, Pathogen Diversity, Genetic Diversity, Resistance and Molecular Markers. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.69673.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Fusarium pathogens"

Kang, Seogchan, Jill Demers, Maria del Mar Jimenez-Gasco und Martijn Rep. „Fusarium oxysporum“. In Genomics of Plant-Associated Fungi and Oomycetes: Dicot Pathogens, 99–119. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44056-8_5.

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Roilides, Emmanuel, John Dotis und Aspasia Katragkou. „Fusarium and Scedosporium: Emerging Fungal Pathogens“. In New Insights in Medical Mycology, 267–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6397-8_12.

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Lowe, Rohan, Mélanie Jubault, Gail Canning, Martin Urban und Kim E. Hammond-Kosack. „The Induction of Mycotoxins by Trichothecene Producing Fusarium Species“. In Plant Fungal Pathogens, 439–55. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-501-5_27.

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Guo, Li, und Li-Jun Ma. „Fusarium graminearum Genomics and Beyond“. In Genomics of Plant-Associated Fungi: Monocot Pathogens, 103–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44053-7_4.

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Ridenour, J. B., R. L. Hirsch und B. H. Bluhm. „Identifying Genes in Fusarium verticillioides Through Forward and Reverse Genetics“. In Plant Fungal Pathogens, 457–79. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-501-5_28.

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Migheli, Quirico, M. Lodovica Gullino und Angelo Garibaldi. „Genetic Manipulation of Antagonistic Fusarium Spp“. In Biotechnological Approaches in Biocontrol of Plant Pathogens, 219–25. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4745-7_11.

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Stouvenakers, Gilles, Peter Dapprich, Sebastien Massart und M. Haïssam Jijakli. „Plant Pathogens and Control Strategies in Aquaponics“. In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 353–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_14.

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AbstractAmong the diversity of plant diseases occurring in aquaponics, soil-borne pathogens, such as Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp., are the most problematic due to their preference for humid/aquatic environment conditions. Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp. which belong to the Oomycetes pseudo-fungi require special attention because of their mobile form of dispersion, the so-called zoospores that can move freely and actively in liquid water. In coupled aquaponics, curative methods are still limited because of the possible toxicity of pesticides and chemical agents for fish and beneficial bacteria (e.g. nitrifying bacteria of the biofilter). Furthermore, the development of biocontrol agents for aquaponic use is still at its beginning. Consequently, ways to control the initial infection and the progression of a disease are mainly based on preventive actions and water physical treatments. However, suppressive action (suppression) could happen in aquaponic environment considering recent papers and the suppressive activity already highlighted in hydroponics. In addition, aquaponic water contains organic matter that could promote establishment and growth of heterotrophic bacteria in the system or even improve plant growth and viability directly. With regards to organic hydroponics (i.e. use of organic fertilisation and organic plant media), these bacteria could act as antagonist agents or as plant defence elicitors to protect plants from diseases. In the future, research on the disease suppressive ability of the aquaponic biotope must be increased, as well as isolation, characterisation and formulation of microbial plant pathogen antagonists. Finally, a good knowledge in the rapid identification of pathogens, combined with control methods and diseases monitoring, as recommended in integrated plant pest management, is the key to an efficient control of plant diseases in aquaponics.

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Kaur, Jagdeep, Dilip Shah und John Fellers. „Phenotypic Characterization of Transgenic Wheat Lines Against Fungal Pathogens Puccinia triticina and Fusarium graminearum“. In Methods in Molecular Biology, 269–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7337-8_17.

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Bacon, C. W., und D. M. Hinton. „Fusaric Acid and Pathogenic Interactions of Corn and Non-Corn Isolates of Fusarium moniliforme, a Nonobligate Pathogen of Corn“. In Fumonisins in Food, 175–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1379-1_16.

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Umpiérrez, Mariana, Gabriela Garmendia, Mónica Cabrera, Silvia Pereyra und Silvana Vero. „Diversity of Pathogen Populations Causing Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat in Uruguay“. In Fusarium Head Blight in Latin America, 31–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7091-1_3.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Fusarium pathogens"

Игнатова, Зоя, und Ирина Кузнецова. „Молекулярно-генетическая идентификация токсинообразующих фитопатогенов из родов Fusarium и Penicillium на озимой пшенице“. In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.82.

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The aim of the study was the molecular-genetic identification (nested-PCR analysis) of pathogens from genera Fusarium and Penicillium, which are dangerous to human and animal health, in the winter wheat. As a result, species from both genera were detected in the winter wheat at different stages of plants development. The most important was the fact that these pathogens were detected in mature seeds. This can present a potential danger of contamination of food raw material with mycotoxins produced by identified fungi. Additionally, the influence of climatic conditions of the year to the spread of tested pathogens was established.

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Кузнецова, Ирина, und Галина Белоусова. „Характеристика фитопатогенной нагрузки семян озимой пшеницы устойчивого к болезням сорта куяльник при помощи молекулярно-генетических методов“. In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.83.

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The aim of this work was to test the seeds of the Kuyalnik variety (harvest of 2019) for the presence of pathogens of the genera Fusarium, Myrothecium, Alternaria, Penicillium, and Aspergillus by molecular genetic methods (PCR, nested-PCR). The use of species-specific primers for these pathogens allowed to detect 6 species of Fusarium (F. verticillioides, F. avenaceum, F. oxysporum, F. equiseti, F. sporotrichioides, F. incarnatum) in the seeds of the disease-resistant variety of winter wheat. It was found that the seeds of this variety of winter wheat also contained a large amount of Alternaria alternata, and a trace amount of Penicillium spp. Phytopathogens of the Myrothecium spp. genus and of the Aspergillus parasiticus were not identified in the DNA isolated from the seeds of the winter wheat variety Kuyalnik. The presence of such a diversity of fungal pathogens in the seeds of the resistant winter wheat variety Kuyalnik requires treatment of seeds with fungicides.

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Merkel, K. A., und E. P. Vibe. „THE PREVALENCE OF INFECTIOUS LODGING OF SEEDLINGS OF COMMON PINE IN AUTUMN SOWING AT THE NURSERY OF SFNR" ERTIS ORMANY»“. In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.38-40.

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Phytopathological studies of the state of shoots of common pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) of autumn sowing when grown in protected soil with the use of Agrotex covering material were carried out. The results of survey showed that when using fertilizers and soil activators-nitrogen, phosphorus, boric acid, EM EKO KZ Soil, EM EKO KZ soil (NPK) and humus, there is a drop in seedlings from 7.5 to 32.6%. The main reason for the death of shoots was the development and spread of infectious pathogens of seedlings. The species composition of pathogenic microflora in diseased plants is represented by a group of soil fungi belonging to the anamorphic division-Fusarium, Alternaria. Evaluation of the experience of introducing substances into the soil during autumn sowing showed that their use, as a rule, does not affect the resistance of plants to infectious pathogens, with the exception of boric acid, which has fungicidal activity.

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Vasilchenko, N. G., A. V. Gorovtsov, V. A. Chistyakov und M. S. Mazanko. „BACTERIA OF THE ORDER BACILLALES AS PROMISING ANTAGONISTS OF FUSARIUM PATHOGENS AND THEIR IMPACT ON WINTER WHEAT PLANTS“. In INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itno.2020.324-327.

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The possibility of using bacteria of the order Bacillales as agents of biological control of phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium was studied. In the work, 28 soil samples were studied, from which antagonist bacterial strains were isolated. Antagonism was detected by cultivating a pasteurized soil suspension with a culture of the fungus Fusarium graminearum on wort agar. In the course of this work, 1040 antagonist bacterial strains were isolated. Subsequently, the influence of the selected strains of microorganisms on the germination winter wheat seeds and several other morphometric parameters was studied.

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Tumanova, Lidia, Cristina Grajdieru und Valentin Mitin. „Identification of DNA of pathogens from Fusarium genus in maize plants (Zea mays L.)“. In International Scientific Symposium "Advanced Biotechnologies - Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975566957.14.

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Yakuba, G. V., I. L. Astapchuk und A. I. Nasonov. „The effectiveness of fungicides in vitro against some species of the genus Fusarium Link – pathogens causing core rot of apple“. In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-52.

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The research aimed to determine in vitro effectiveness of fungicides of chemical origin against some species of the genus Fusarium Link – pathogens causing core rot of apple. The study showed low biological effectiveness of four fungicides against F. sporotrichioides and F. semitectum. The effect, with one exception, did not exceed 50%; some fungicides were ineffective. Species-specific reactions of relative sensitivity to chemical preparations for various in vitro indices were noted. Thus, F. semitectum showed a higher relative sensitivity in terms of the number of colonies; F. sporotrichioides – in the degree of development of aerial mycelium.

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Beloshapkina, O. O., und E. S. Potapova. „Influence of the growing year and storage period of winter wheat seeds on their initial contamination and germination“. In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-153.

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In this article the results of the seeds phytoexamination of winter wheat varieties from the world collection of the All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Industry gathered in Moscow region in different years with different meteorological data are shown. The seed quality in the varieties is reduced mainly due to the presence of molds of the Mucor spp. genus as well as pathogens of the Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. genera. Seed germination and it's energy varied in different varieties from 11 to 100%. After nine years of storage under the same conditions, seeds of different varieties harvested in a wet year showed a lower viability than seeds harvested in a dry year.

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„The Effect of Temperature Pressure on Multiantagonists Streptomyces sp., Tricho-derma sp. Biological Control of Fusarium oxysporum Wilt Pathogens“. In Seminar Nasional Magister Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur. Galaxy Science, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2020.0609.

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Lavrinova, V. A., T. S. Polunina und M. P. Leontyeva. „INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS AND SURFACE TREATMENT ON THE DENSITY OF THE POPULATION OF PATHOGENS AND SAPROTROPHES IN TYPICAL BLACK SOIL OF THE TAMBOV REGION“. In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS. DSTU-PRINT, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.1.651-654.

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A complex of soil phytopathogenic and saprotrophic winter wheat mycobiota was revealed. The research results proved the feature of the allocation of structures by an improved method. Surface treatment, to one degree or another, contributed to the stabilization of the state of antagonistic soil mycobiota of the soil. The optimal dose of mineral fertilizer was determined against the background of surface soil cultivation, which successfully restrained the number of micromycetes causing root rot. It was noted that mythomycetes of the genus Pythium were most often found in soils in all cultures, less than Fusarium.

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Voronkova, A. Kh. „THE DETERMINATION OF THE PHYTOTOXICITY AND GROWTHSTIMULATING ACTIVITY OF PROMISING ANTAGONIST STRAINS OF FUSARIUM BLIGHT PATHOGENS ON THE OIL FLAX CROP“. In 11-я Всероссийская конференция молодых учёных и специалистов «Актуальные вопросы биологии, селекции, технологии возделывания и переработки сельскохозяйственных культур». V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/conf11-2021-148-152.

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The article presents the test results on determination of the phytotoxicity and growth-promoting activity of the antagonist strains of oil flax Fusarium blight pathogens identified at the first stages of screening from the collection of the biomethod laboratory of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops. We established that the promising strains of fungi and bacteria do not have a negative effect on the germination of oil flax seeds and do not cause wilting of seedlings. In all variants we observed an increase in seed germination by 5.0–13.0 % in comparison with the control. The bacterial strains К 1-2 B. subtilis and 11-3 Bacillus sp. showed the best results in increasing the root length (by 102.0–108.4 %) and the root mass (by 100 %) compared to the control. Among the fungi strains, T-1 Trichoderma sp. showed an increase in the root length and mass by 55.1 % and 66.7 %, respectively, in comparison with the control. We also noted the effect of all studied strains on the shoot length and mass in comparison with the control but to a lesser extent than on the root (by 2.3–35.7 % and 20.0–62.5 %, respectively).

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