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1
Silva, Juliano C. da, und Wagner Bettiol. „Potential of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates for control of Fusarium wilt of tomato“. Fitopatologia Brasileira 30, Nr. 4 (August 2005): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582005000400012.
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This study was done to evaluate the efficiency of non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates (141/3, 233, 233/1, 245, 245/1, 251, 251/2, 251/5, and 257) in controlling vascular wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, race 2 (isolates C-21A, TO11, and TO245) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cv. Viradoro seedlings. In order to determine the effect of non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates in tomato plants, the root system of 30-day-old seedlings was immersed in conidial suspensions (10(6) ml-1) of each isolate and the seedlings were transplanted to a cultivation substrate. Thirty-five days after transplanting it was observed that the non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates were not pathogenic to the cv. Viradoro nor did they affect seedling development. The efficiency of the non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates in controlling Fusarium wilt was determined by immersing the tomato seedling roots in the conidial suspension (10(6) ml-1) of each isolate and then transplanting them into substrates previously infested with isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, race 2 (10(5) conidia ml-1 of substrate). Evaluations were performed 35 days after transplanting, for severity in scale with 1=healthy plant to 6=dead plant or plant showing vessel browning and wilted leaves up to the leader shoot and seedling height. The non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates were efficient in reducing the severity of the disease and maintaining normal plant development. These results provide evidence of the antagonistic activity of non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates in controlling vascular wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 2 in tomato.
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Belgrove, A., C. Steinberg und A. Viljoen. „Evaluation of Nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and Pseudomonas fluorescens for Panama Disease Control“. Plant Disease 95, Nr. 8 (August 2011): 951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-10-0409.
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Nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum endophytes from healthy banana roots were evaluated for their ability to reduce Fusarium wilt of banana (Panama disease). Isolates were identified morphologically and by using species-specific primers. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating banana plantlets in the greenhouse. Nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates were grouped into 14 haplotype groups by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the intergenic spacer region, and representative isolates evaluated for biocontrol of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. In the greenhouse, 10 nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates were able to significantly reduce Fusarium wilt of banana. The isolate that protected banana plantlets best in the greenhouse, a nonpathogenic F. oxysporum from the root rhizosphere, and Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS 417 were then field tested. When the putative biological control organisms were tested in the field, neither the nonpathogenic F. oxysporum, P. fluorescens, nor combinations thereof reduced Fusarium wilt development significantly. A number of factors could contribute to the lack of field protection, including soil microbial and chemical composition and reduced survival of biocontrol organisms in banana roots. A lack of knowledge regarding the etiology of Fusarium wilt of ‘Cavendish’ banana in the subtropics and the effect of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race and banana cultivar in protection of banana by biocontrol organisms should be further investigated.
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Abdillah, A., R. Rachmawaty und A. Mu'nisa. „Pengaruh Ekstrak Kulit Buah Kakao (Theobroma cacao) Dalam Menghambat Penyakit Layu Fusarium Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Tomat“. Sainsmat : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam 8, Nr. 1 (31.03.2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/sainsmat81127642019.
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Tanaman budidaya tidak dapat dipisahkan dari penyakit, penyakit ini disebabkan oleh patogen yang dapat merusak proses fisiologi tanaman. patogen ini dapat berupa bakteri atau jamur. Layu fusarium disebabkan oleh fusarium oxysporum, pada tomat penyakit ini disebabkan oleh fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici. Penyakit ini bisa menyebabkan kerugian besar bagi petani. Penggunaan fungisida sintetik telah banyak digunakan untuk mengendalikan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh fusarium oxysporum tetapi memiliki efek buruk yang besar terhadap lingkungan, oleh karena itu diperlukan fungisida biologis yang ramah lingkungan dalam mengendalikan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas fungisida alami yang diperoleh dari buah kakao. Dalam penelitian ini 6 perlakuan digunakan, P0 (kontrol tanaman sehat tanpa pengobatan), P1 (kontrol tanaman sakit diobati F. oxysporum), P2 (pengobatan ekstrak kakao 2% + perlakuan F. oxysporum) P3 (pengobatan ekstrak buah kakao ekstrak 5% + perlakuan F. oxysporum), P4 (perlakuan ekstrak buah kakao 8% + perlakuan F. oxysporum) P5 (perlakuan benomyl + perlakuan F. oxysporum) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fungisida nabati dari ekstrak biji kakao mampu menghambat layu fusarium. Setiap perlakuan memiliki efek yang sama pada tinggi maksimum tanaman tomat, jumlah buah dan berat buah. Tinggi tanaman tertinggi, jumlah daun dan berat buah tertinggi pada perlakuan ekstrak 8% dan terendah adalah 2% perlakuan ekstrak. Kata Kunci : Layu Fusarium, Fusarium Oxysporum, Fungisida Alami Cultivation plants are inseparable from disease, this disease is caused by pathogens that can damage plant physiology processes. these pathogens can be either bacteria or fungi. Fusarium wilt is caused by fusarium oxysporum, in tomatoes this disease is caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici. This disease can cause huge losses to farmers. The use of synthetic fungicides has been widely used to control diseases caused by fusarium oxysporum but has a major adverse effect on the environment, therefore it is necessary to have an environmentally friendly biological fungicide in controlling the disease. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of natural fungicides obtained from cocoa pods. In this study 6 treatments were used, P0 (control of healthy plants without treatment), P1 (control of sick plants treated F. oxysporum), P2 (treatment of 2% cocoa pods extract + treatment of F. oxysporum ) P3 (treatment of cocoa pods extract 5 % + treatment of F. oxysporum ), P4 (treatment of 8% cocoa pods extract + treatment of F. oxysporum) P5 (treatment of benomyl + treatment F. oxysporum ) The results showed that vegetable fungicides from cocoa pods extract were able to inhibit fusarium wilt. Each treatment has the same effect on the maximum height of tomato plants, number of fruits and weight of fruit. The highest plant height, number of leaves and highest fruit weight was at 8% extract treatment and the lowest was 2% extract treatmen. Keywords: fusarium wilt. Fusarium oxysporum, natural fungicide
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Patiño, Belén, Martha Lucía Posada, Covadonga Vázquez, María Teresa González-Jaén und Álvaro Martínez del Pozo. „Control of polygalacturonase synthesis inFusarium oxyspotumf.sp.radicis lycopersici“. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, Nr. 11 (01.11.1997): 1084–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-155.
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Genetic control of polygalacturonase (PG) activity from Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici was analyzed on pectin and glucose cultures. One exopolygalacturonase from F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici was strongly induced, in stationary culture, when the fungus was grown on apple pectin, while on glucose no extracellular PG activity could be detected. Although SDS–PAGE detected the presence of a putative PG band (66 kDa) in both conditions, specific antibodies obtained against the purified PG only detected it in PG-inducing conditions, that is to say, when apple pectin was used as the carbon source. Northern blot analysis of RNA of two isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici (r6and r2) confirmed that this regulation of PG synthesis was exerted at the transcriptional level. Only one single mRNA species of around 1400 nucleotides was detected on the cultures containing pectin and was absent in glucose-grown cultures. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA indicated that pg gene seems to be present in a single copy in the genomes of F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici r6and r2and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, showing similar hybridization patterns in all species. The partial sequence of this pg gene from F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici r6, which is also reported, showed high similarity to diverse PGs already reported. Exopolygalacturonase of F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici r6is heavily glycosylated; its deglycosylated form had a molecular mass of 50 kDa.Key words: polygalacturonase, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici, regulation.
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Hang, Y. D., und E. E. Woodams. „Control of Fusarium oxysporum by baking soda“. LWT - Food Science and Technology 36, Nr. 8 (Dezember 2003): 803–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0023-6438(03)00095-1.
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Reid, T. C., M. K. Hausbeck und K. Kizilkaya. „Use of Fungicides and Biological Controls in the Suppression of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Asparagus Under Greenhouse and Growth Chamber Conditions“. Plant Disease 86, Nr. 5 (Mai 2002): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.5.493.
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Growth chamber, greenhouse, and field experiments were conducted with fungicides and biological control agents, including nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, to test their ability to control disease caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum. In greenhouse studies with asparagus seedlings in soil, Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22, benomyl, and fludioxonil treatments increased root weight and decreased root disease compared with the infested control when a low level of F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum was used. The fungicide fludioxonil limited plant death caused by Fusarium spp. at high inoculum levels, whereas T. harzianum strain T-22 was not effective. Nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum were effective in limiting Fusarium disease on asparagus seedlings in culture tubes, although isolates differed in their ability to control disease caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum. In greenhouse studies, no significant differences in plant death were found between asparagus plants growing in media infested with F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum and left untreated, and those treated with nonpathogenic F. oxysporum. The efficacy of fungicides and biological control products to control Fusarium crown and root rot under commercial field conditions could not be evaluated due to low disease pressure.
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ALTINOK, Hacer Handan, und Oktay ERDOGAN. „Determination of the In vitro Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on Phytopathogenic Strains of Fusarium oxysporum“. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 43, Nr. 2 (10.12.2015): 494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4329788.
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Fusarium oxysporum is a well-known soil-borne fungi and it is difficult to control their pathogenic strains by conventional strategies. The cultures of two strains of Trichoderma harzianum (T16 and T23) were examined in laboratory conditions and with pot experiments for the control of pathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae (Fomg), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) and F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis (Fom). The T16 and T23 strains showed significant inhibition of mycelial growth in the pathogenic strains of F. oxysporum and the maximum inhibition were recorded when the T. harzianum strain T16 was used (72.69%). Both T. harzianum strains produced volatile and non-volatile metabolites that inhibited growth of F. oxysporum strains on PDA medium. In vitro colonization study demonstrated the root-colonizing ability of these antagonists. The interaction between T. harzianum isolates (T16 and T23) and pathogenic F. oxysporum hyphae showed no overgrowth, hyphal coiling, cell wall degradation or any hyphal penetration around any of the tested F. oxysporum hyphae. Pre-treatment of soil with T16 significantly reduced the severity of Fusarium wilt disease. The disease severity in control plants reached to 90-95% whereas those of the T16-Fomg and T16-Fol treated seedlings of eggplants were 37.74% and 47.12%, respectively, on the 21st day. In this study, while both T. harzianum isolates had a considerable antagonistic effect on the tested pathogens, T16 was found to be more successful than T23. The strong repressive effect of T. harzianum (T16) towards pathogenic Fusarium oxsporum can be applied in biological control of these pathogens.
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Chekalov, V. A., und N. E. Volkova. „Chickpea genotypes characteristics on resistance to fusarium Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris“. Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 23 (09.09.2018): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v23.1008.
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Aim. Molecular-genetic analysis of the chickpea genotypes for foc0, foc3, foc4 resistance genes to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris. Methods. Extraction and purification of DNA, spectrophotometry, polymerase chain reaction, electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Results. 35 chickpea lines and varieties of Ukrainian and foreign breeding characterized according to genotyping on foc0, foc3, foc4 genes of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp ciceris by the microsatellite markers TA59, TR19 and TR59. Fragments of the expected size for all markers were obtained for samples, for which the resistance level was fixed to certain races. Match between data on the presence of a amplification fragment of a certain size and resistance level among other samples is not found. Conclusions. For 35 chickpea varieties and lines the allele state of foc0, foc3, foc4 genes of resistance to the F. oxysporum f. sp ciceris races 0, 3, 4 is established. The variety ‘Pam’yat’ is recommended as a control of resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp ciceris races 0, 3, 4 in the southern Ukraine conditions.
Keywords: chickpea, genes, molecular markers, fusarios, resistance.
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Pedai, Theodorsius, Bambang Hadisutrisno und Achmadi Priyatmojo. „UTILIZATION OF ARBUSCULAR MICORRHIZAL FUNGI TO CONTROL FUSARIUM WILT OF TOMATOES (PEMANFAATAN JAMUR MIKORIZA ARBUSKULAR UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN LAYU FUSARIUM PADA TOMAT)“. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 19, Nr. 2 (04.01.2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.17255.
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ABSTRACTTomato is a vegetable crop which is preferred by the Indonesian people. The problem encountered in tomato production is Fusarium wilt which is known as devastating disease. Studies have been done to solve the problem but effective and inexpensive control technique is still questioned. This study aimed to ascertain the ability of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi as biological control agent in reducing tomato Fusarium wilt. Research was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 10 replications. The treatments were untreated plants, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici inoculated plants, AM fungi inoculated plants, AM fungi + F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici inoculated plants, F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici + benomyl inoculated plants. The results showed that plants which were inoculated with AM fungi had better growth compared to those which were not inoculated with AM fungi. Moreover, plants which were inoculated with AM fungi showed lower disease intensity compared to untreated plant and inoculated plant with F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici + benomyl application. Orthogonal contrast analysis showed plants treated with AM fungi significantly perform better growth and resistance towards infection compared with other treatments. Thus, it concluded that AM fungi had the potency as biological control agent.Keywords: AM fungi, disease intensity, Fusarium wilt, tomato INTISARITomat merupakan tanaman sayuran yang banyak digemari masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu pengganggu utama pada tomat adalah penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici dan menimbulkan masalah yang serius. Kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh penyakit tersebut sangat besar sehingga perlu dicari cara pengendalian yang murah, efektif, dan aman. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan jamur mikoriza arbuskular (JMA) sebagai agens pengendali hayati dalam menekan penyakit layu Fusarium pada tomat ini dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan 10 ulangan. Perlakuan meliputi kontrol, inokulasi F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, inokulasi JMA, inokulasi JMA dan F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, inokulasi F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici dan aplikasi fungisida benomil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tomat yang diinokulasi JMA memiliki pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dibandingkan yang tidak diinokulasi JMA. Intensitas penyakit pada tomat yang diinokulasi JMA lebih rendah, baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol maupun dengan perlakuan F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici dan aplikasi fungisida. Hasil analisis kontras orthogonal menunjukkan bahwa tomat bermikoriza berbeda nyata bila dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diinokulasi JMA maupun yang diaplikasi benomil. Terjadi peningkatan pertumbuhan tomat dan penekanan intensitas penyakit layu Fusarium, sehingga JMA berpotensi sebagai agens pengendali hayati (APH).Kata kunci: intensitas penyakit, JMA, layu Fusarium, tomat
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Bao, Jian R., und George Lazarovits. „Differential Colonization of Tomato Roots by Nonpathogenic and Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Strains May Influence Fusarium Wilt Control“. Phytopathology® 91, Nr. 5 (Mai 2001): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.5.449.
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Histochemical staining, β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity, or placing roots on agar were methods used to characterize interactions between the pathogenic fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, and the nonpathogenic biocontrol F. oxysporum strain 70T01 with respect to colonization behaviors, interaction sites, and population densities on tomato roots. Mycelia of strain 70T01, a genetic transformant expressing stable GUS activity, hygromycin B resistance, and effective disease control, were localized in epidermal and cortex cell layers of tomato roots in a discontinuous and uneven pattern. In contrast, mycelia of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were found in the vascular bundles. Thus, direct interactions between the two fungi likely happen in the root surface cell layers. Colonization density of strain 70T01 was related to the inoculation density but decreased with distance from the inoculation site. Host defense reactions, including increased cell wall thickness or papilla deposits, were adjacent to 70T01 hyphae. Experiments done in soil showed that strain 70T01 densities in roots were highest at inoculation zones and barely detectable for root segments more than 2 cm away from the inoculation sites. F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici densities were lowest at 70T01 inoculation zones and highest (>10 times) where strain 70T01 was not directly applied. Newly elongating roots where strain 70T01 did not reach were available for infection by the pathogen. The higher strain 70T01 density was always found when the plants were simultaneously infected by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, suggesting that F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici has as much influence in predisposing the plant to colonization by strain 70T01 as strain 70T01 has on providing disease protection against the pathogen.
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MURPHY, W. M., A. R. GOTLIEB und D. T. DUGDALE. „THE EFFECTS OF FUSARIUM WILT AND WEED CONTROL ON SURVIVAL OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL“. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, Nr. 2 (01.04.1985): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-046.
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Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) seed production is no longer profitable for Champlain Valley farmers, partly because the plants do not grow or persist as well as they did in the past due to a Fusarium wilt disease (Fusarium oxysporum). This study was done to determine the effects of chemical and cultural weed control on birdsfoot trefoil seedlings in a Champlain-Valley clay soil containing Fusarium oxysporum. In a greenhouse experiment, 2,4-DB was applied to birdsfoot trefoil seedlings growing on pasteurized potting mix inoculated with F. oxysporum. When applied at label rate in the second trifoliate-leaf stage, and 14 days later, 2,4-DB increased seedling mortality additively with death due to F. oxysporum. When 2,4-DB was applied 7 days after the second trifoliate-leaf stage, it did not influence seedling survival. Applying 2,4-DB reduced dry weights of tops and roots of surviving seedlings. A field experiment was done on a clay soil (Glossaquic Hapludalf) being used for birdsfoot trefoil seed production and known to contain F. oxysporum. Raised beds were included as a variable to determine effects of improved root-zone drainage. Weeds were controlled by clipping or with 2,4-DB/dalapon postemergent herbicides in two birdsfoot trefoil seeding rates of 16.8 and 3.4 kg seed∙ha−1. The herbicides did not influence seedling death rate. By May of the second year plant populations within a seeding rate were the same, regardless of weed control practice and seedbed preparation.Key words: Dalapon, Fusarium oxysporum, Lotus corniculatus L., 2,4-DB
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Brandler, Daiani, Luan Junior Divensi, Rodrigo José Tonin, Thalita Pedrozo Pilla, Ines Rezendes und Paola Mendes Milanesi. „Evaluation of biological control of fusarium wilt in gerbera with Trichoderma asperellum“. Ornamental Horticulture 23, Nr. 3 (12.09.2017): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v23i3.1047.
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The increase in flower cultivation in recent years has been reflecting the higher incidence of soil pathogens that can cause serious problems. This study aimed to evaluate the biological control of Fusarium wilt in gerbera with Trichoderma asperellum. The evaluated treatments were: T1) Control, only sterile substrate; T2) Substrate + Fusarium oxysporum; T3) Substrate + Fusarium oxysporum + Trichoderma asperellum; and T4) Substrate + Trichoderma asperellum. For this, the pathogen was isolated from gerbera with disease symptoms and, subsequently, it was identified according to morphological characters. Furthermore, the degree of antagonism of T. asperellum against F. oxysporum was evaluated through the culture pairing test. For greenhouse evaluations, commercial autoclaved substrate was used and infested with corn grains infected by the pathogen. Morphological identification confirmed the pathogen species as Fusarium oxysporum. In the culture pairing test, it was found that T. asperellum did not present a high degree of antagonism. The plants cultivated on substrate infested by the pathogen had no visible symptoms of wilt, but the substrate infestation with the pathogen provided lower values of fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots. The treatment with T. asperellum obtained higher values of fresh and dry mass of both shoots and roots, and also more vigorous inflorescences in relation to the plants treated with the pathogen
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Tramier, R., A. Antonini und A. Bettachini. „POSSIBILITY OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM DIANTHI“. Acta Horticulturae, Nr. 216 (Dezember 1987): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.216.8.
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CAL, A., S. PASCUAL, I. LARENA und P. MELGAREJO. „Biological control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici“. Plant Pathology 44, Nr. 5 (Oktober 1995): 909–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02750.x.
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Oyarzun, P. J., J. Postma, A. J. G. Luttikholt und A. E. Hoogland. „Biological control of foot and root rot in pea caused by Fusarium solani with nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates“. Canadian Journal of Botany 72, Nr. 6 (01.06.1994): 843–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-109.
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Two nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were examined for their ability to counteract F. solani f.sp. pisi, which causes foot and dry root rot in pea. Antagonism was studied in vitro, in a sterilized field soil, and in six natural field soils. Besides native F. solani, other typical pea root rot pathogens occurred in the natural field soils. Both nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolates reduced disease severity and prevented the plant weight losses that occurred owing to F. solani f.sp. pisi in sterilized soil. Precolonization of sterilized soil with nonpathogenic isolates increased the antagonistic effect. Also, in highly infested field soils the addition of nonpathogenic isolates resulted in lower disease severities and higher yields. Colonization of the soil organic matter by F. oxysporum reached 100% in sterilized soil, independent of the presence of F. solani, and 40 – 90% in naturally infested soils containing native F. solani. The performance of benomyl-resistant mutants of F. oxysporum did not differ from their wild types. Key words: antagonism, soil organic matter, colonization, Pisum sativum.
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TRAMIER, R., C. ANTONINI und A. BETTACHINI. „Biological control of fusarium wilt of carnations with different Fusarium oxysporum strains“. EPPO Bulletin 18, Nr. 1 (März 1988): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.1988.tb00342.x.
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Keinath, A. P., und R. L. Hassell. „Control of Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon by Grafting onto Bottlegourd or Interspecific Hybrid Squash Despite Colonization of Rootstocks by Fusarium“. Plant Disease 98, Nr. 2 (Februar 2014): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-13-0100-re.
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Grafting watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) onto rootstocks of interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita moschata × C. maxima), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), or citron (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) has been used in Asia and Israel to mange Fusarium wilt of watermelon caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of infection of six rootstocks by F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum races 1 and 2 and the field performance of grafted rootstocks in Charleston, SC. Grafted and nongrafted watermelon and rootstock plants were inoculated in the greenhouse with race 1, race 2, or water (the control treatment). With both races, the frequency of recovery of F. oxysporum from scion and rootstock portions of inoculated watermelon plants grafted onto ‘Ojakkyo’ citron was greater than from watermelon plants grafted onto ‘Shintosa Camel’ and ‘Strong Tosa’ interspecific hybrid squash, and from plants grafted onto ‘Emphasis’, ‘Macis’, and ‘WMXP 3945’ bottlegourd. For nongrafted plants inoculated with race 1, percent recovery also was greater from Ojakkyo than from interspecific hybrid squash and bottlegourd. For nongrafted plants inoculated with race 2, F. oxysporum was recovered from the base of ≥79% of all inoculated plants. More than two-thirds (15) of 21 isolates recovered from the tops or scions of inoculated plants were pathogenic on watermelon. In spring 2010 and 2011, the six rootstocks were grafted with seedless watermelon ‘Tri-X 313’, which is susceptible to both races, and transplanted in a field infested with races 1 and 2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Disease incidence for nongrafted and self-grafted Tri-X 313 (the control treatments) and Tri-X 313 grafted onto Ojakkyo citron did not differ significantly. Grafted watermelon plants produced greater weights and numbers of fruit than plants of the two control treatments. Nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum and isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum colonized interspecific hybrid squash, bottlegourd, and grafted watermelon. The rootstocks evaluated, however, restricted movement of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum into the watermelon scion, suppressed wilt symptoms, and increased fruit yields in an infested field.
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Hotim, Hotim, Salamiah Salamiah und Gusti Rusmayadi. „Uji Efektivitas Pseudomonas fluorescens Dan Khamir Dalam Menghambat Penyakit Busuk Umbi Serta Memacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum)“. EnviroScienteae 16, Nr. 1 (18.08.2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v16i1.9000.
Annotation:
The main problem in the cultivation of shallots in South Kalimantan is rot diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum. In South Kalimantan, until the present, this disease control is still not effective and efficient yet. One of the control techniques offered is the use of antagonistic agents because they are environmentally friendly. The study was carried out at the Plant Pest Laboratory in Sungai Tabuk District and the Bumimas Farmer Group's land in Upau District, Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan. The study was carried out in two stages: 1. in vitro test was to see the effectiveness of using Pseudomonas fluorescens and Yeast in suppressing Fusarium oxysporum; 2. in vivo test to assess the effectiveness of P. fluorescens and Yeast in controlling F. oxysporum in the shallots field. The results showed that the application of P. fluorescens and Yeast was able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporumin vitro, 64.03%, and 62.6%, respectively. The application of P. fluorescens was able to inhibit F. oxysporum bulb rot disease in Bima Brebes variety of shallots by 6.7% and could stimulate the number of roots in the field while the Yeast application effectively inhibited F. oxysporumbulb rot disease by 18.6%, and able to stimulate plant growth. The combination of P. fluorescens and Yeast is also effective in inhibiting F. oxysporum root rot by 20.3% and effective in stimulating the growth of onion plants in the field.
19
ISAAC, Micah R., Santos G. LEYVA-MIR, Jaime SAHAGÚN-CASTELLANOS, Kamila CÂMARA-CORREIA, Juan M. TOVAR-PEDRAZA und Juan E. RODRÍGUEZ-PÉREZ. „Occurrence, Identification, and Pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. Associated with Tomato Wilt in Mexico“. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 46, Nr. 2 (15.02.2018): 484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha46211095.
Annotation:
Fusarium wilt is considered as one of the most important diseases that affects tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize Fusarium species with the potential to cause tomato wilt using morphological and molecular approaches, in order to generate the necessary information to achieve effective control of this disease. Fusarium isolates were found associated with commercial grown cultivars with disease incidence ranging from 10 to 85%. Forty isolates were identified by morphological characteristics as Fusarium oxysporum (38) and as Fusarium sp. (2). The isolates were evaluated for their pathogenicity on healthy tomato seedlings, which presented root rot at 20–35 days after inoculation. Fifteen of the most pathogenic isolates were analyzed with the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of DNA and the partial sequence of the translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α). Isolates associated with tomato wilt, were identified molecularly as Fusarium oxysporum (13), Fusarium circinatum (1), and Fusarium andiyazi (1). Both analysis revealed that the mayor agent of tomato wilt in Mexico was F. oxysporum. This finding provides relevant information on tomato wilt in Mexico to decide the proper control methods for the pathogen.
20
Hanson, L. E. „First Report of Fusarium Yellows of Sugar Beet Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Michigan“. Plant Disease 90, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2006): 1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-90-1554b.
Annotation:
Fusarium yellows of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), caused by Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend.Fr. f. sp. betae (Stewart) Snyd & Hans., has been a long-term problem in the western United States (3) and recently was reported in Minnesota and North Dakota (4). This disease is typified by interveinal yellowing and wilting of the foliage. Roots have no external symptoms but show internal vascular discoloration. In 2005, 12 sugar beet roots from Michigan with yellows-type symptoms were received by the author. Isolations were made from the cortical and vascular tissue of the crown and tap root. Fusarium spp. isolates were obtained from 10 of the beets, and 16 isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum on the basis of morphology and pigmentation on potato dextrose agar and spores and phialides on carnation leaf agar (2). F. oxysporum isolates were tested for pathogenicity by dipping roots of 5-week-old susceptible sugar beet plants (FC716) in a suspension of 104 spores per ml for 8 min, 10 plants per isolate. Two known pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. betae, Fob13 and Fob216c (4), were used for comparison. For a negative control, plants were dipped in sterile water. Beets were planted in Cone-tainers (3.8 cm diameter × 21 cm) containing pasteurized potting mix. Plants were placed in a greenhouse at 24 to 27°C and fertilized with 15-30-15 fertilizer every 2 weeks to avoid chlorosis from nutrient deficiency. Plants were rated weekly for foliar symptoms for 6 weeks using a Fusarium yellows rating scale of 0 to 4 in which 0 = no disease and 4 = complete plant death (1). After the final rating, plants were removed from soil and the tap root examined for root symptoms. Root segments were surface disinfested with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and cultured on potato dextrose agar to confirm presence of the pathogen. The experiment was done twice. Seven F. oxysporum isolates tested caused typical Fusarium yellows symptoms including interveinal yellowing, stunting, and wilting of inoculated plants. Pathogenic isolates were obtained from 7 of the 10 beets that yielded F. oxysporum. Symptoms were indistinguishable from those caused by Fob13 (average ratings ranged from 1.8 to 2.4) and milder than those caused by Fob216c (average rating 3.1). No interveinal chlorosis or wilting was observed on the control plants. Isolations from inoculated plants provided F. oxysporum cultures morphologically similar to those used in inoculation by the methods of Nelson et al. (2). No F. oxysporum was isolated from control plants. To my knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum causing Fusarium yellows on beet in Michigan. References: (1) L. E. Hanson and A. L. Hill. J. Sugar Beet Res. 41:163, 2004. (2) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, 1983. (3). C. L. Schneider and E. D. Whitney. Fusarium Yellows. Page 18 in: Compendium of Beet Diseases and Insects. C. L. Schneider and E. D. Whitney, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1986. (4) C. E. Windels et al. Plant Dis. 89:341, 2005.
21
Schouten, Alexander, Grardy van den Berg, Véronique Edel-Hermann, Christian Steinberg, Nadine Gautheron, Claude Alabouvette, C. H. (Ric) de Vos, Philippe Lemanceau und Jos M. Raaijmakers. „Defense Responses of Fusarium oxysporum to 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol, a Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens“. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 17, Nr. 11 (November 2004): 1201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2004.17.11.1201.
Annotation:
A collection of 76 plant-pathogenic and 41 saprophytic Fusarium oxysporum strains was screened for sensitivity to 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by multiple strains of antagonistic Pseudomonas fluorescens. Approximately 17% of the F. oxysporum strains were relatively tolerant to high 2,4-DAPG concentrations. Tolerance to 2,4-DAPG did not correlate with the geographic origin of the strains, formae speciales, intergenic spacer (IGS) group, or fusaric acid production levels. Biochemical analysis showed that 18 of 20 tolerant F. oxysporum strains were capable of metabolizing 2,4-DAPG. For two tolerant strains, analysis by mass spectrometry indicated that deacetylation of 2,4-DAPG to the less fungitoxic derivatives monoacetylphloroglucinol and phloroglucinol is among the initial mechanisms of 2,4-DAPG degradation. Production of fusaric acid, a known inhibitor of 2,4-DAPG biosynthesis in P. fluorescens, differed considerably among both 2,4-DAPG-sensitive and -tolerant F. oxysporum strains, indicating that fusaric acid production may be as important for 2,4-DAPG-sensitive as for -tolerant F. oxysporum strains. Whether 2,4-DAPG triggers fusaric acid production was studied for six F. oxysporum strains; 2,4-DAPG had no significant effect on fusaric acid production in four strains. In two strains, however, sublethal concentrations of 2,4-DAPG either enhanced or significantly decreased fusaric acid production. The implications of 2,4-DAPG degradation, the distribution of this trait within F. oxysporum and other plant-pathogenic fungi, and the consequences for the efficacy of biological control are discussed.
22
Mondani, Letizia, Giorgio Chiusa und Paola Battilani. „Chemical and biological control of Fusarium species involved in garlic dry rot at early crop stages“. European Journal of Plant Pathology 160, Nr. 3 (26.03.2021): 575–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-021-02265-0.
Annotation:
AbstractThe aim of the study was to test in vitro and in vivo the efficacy of triazoles and biocontrol agents (BCAs) against Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum, the former signaled as the main causal agent of garlic dry rot and the latter also involved. In vitro trials were organized using potato dextrose agar with added chemicals or BCAs inoculated with selected F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum. Garlic cloves were dipped before sowing in suspensions prepared with the fungicides showing the best performances in vitro; then they were dipped in Fusaria suspension before sowing. In in vitro trials, the maximum Fusaria growth inhibition was performed by Propiconazole + Prochloraz (100%), followed by Tebuconazole (88.9%). BCAs showed great capacity to control Fusaria, with a maximum growth inhibition of 80% (Trichoderma harzianum + T. gamsii). In vivo bacterial BCAs showed a similar capacity to control F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum compared to chemical products (mean of severity index 18.6% and 11.7%, respectively). In vivo results confirmed the in vitro performances, except for Trichoderma, which had the worst performances in vivo. Therefore, the results are preliminary but promising for future field application.
23
Paulitz, T. C., C. S. Park und R. Baker. „Biological control of Fusarium wilt of cucumber with nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum“. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, Nr. 5 (01.05.1987): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m87-061.
Annotation:
Nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum were obtained from surface-disinfested, symptomless cucumber roots grown in two raw (nonautoclaved) soils. These isolates were screened for pathogenicity and biological control activity against Fusarium wilt of cucumber in raw soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (F.o.c.). The influence of three isolates effective in inducing suppressiveness and three ineffective isolates on disease incidence over time was tested. The effective isolates reduced the infection rate (R), based on linear regressions of data transformed to loge (1/1 – y). Effective isolate C5 was added to raw soil infested with various inoculum densities of F.o.c. In treatments without C5, the increase in inoculum densities of F.o.c. decreased the incubation period of wilt disease, but there was no significant difference in infection rate among the inoculum density treatments. Isolate C5 reduced the infection rate at all inoculum densities of F.o.c. Various inoculum densities of C5 were added to raw soils infested with 1000 cfu/g of F.o.c. In the first trial, infection rates were reduced only in the treatment with 10 000 cfu/g of C5; in the second trial, infection rates were reduced in treatments with 10 000 and 30 000 cfu/g of C5.
24
Janaki, T. „BIOCONTROL OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM IN UNSTERILIZED SOIL BY NOVEL STREPTOMYCES CACAOI SUBSP CACAOI [M20]“. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, Nr. 3 (03.02.2017): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i3.16579.
Annotation:
Objective: To find bio fungicide from mangrove actinomycetes for controlling seed and soil borne pathogen-Fusarium oxysporum. Methods: A total of 25 actinomycetes were isolated by pour plate method. These were screened for fungicidal activity by agar plug method. The isolate M20 was characterised further for identification. The phytotoxicity study was done; biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum with 10% culture filtrate was done using food poisoning technique. Volatile toxicity of isolate M20 was studied by inverted plate technique. The methanolic crude extract was subjected for UV–Vis spectral analysis for identifying the group of compound present.Results: The isolated M20 found to be better in antifungal activity. 10% culture filtrate actively inhibited the growth of Fusarium oxysporum (77.7%), 10% culture filtrate was taken as a standard concentration for biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum using green gram as the test plants. The 15th-day green gram plants under treatment with the antagonist (A), antagonist+pathogen (A+P), antagonist+pathogen+rhizobium (A+P+R) yielded high biomass and better growth. The disease development by the pathogen in green gram was controlled by the antagonist. The compounds (pyrimidine nucleosides-neutral and acidic polyoxins (230 nm), (270-290 nm) and heptaene antifungal antibiotics (406-417 nm)) are preliminarily confirmed from the methanolic crude extract of the isolate M20-Streptomyces cacaoi subsp cacaoi.Conclusion: Since the isolate M20 controlled the growth and disease causing potentiality of Fusarium oxysporum, it can be effectively used to control seed and soil borne diseases that are caused by Fusarium oxysporum.
25
Rajeswari, P., und R. Kapoor. „Combinatorial efficacy of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens to enhance suppression of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea.L“. International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 7, Nr. 2 (13.01.2018): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v7i2.35320.
Annotation:
Fusarium oxysporum, the soil borne pathogen causes vascular wilt, on majority of crop plants. It has been demonstrated that two different species of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens suppress disease by different mechanisms. Therefore, application of a mixture of these biocontrol agents, and thus of several suppressive mechanisms, may represent a viable control strategy. A necessity for biocontrol by combinations of biocontrol agents can be the compatibility of the co-inoculated micro-organisms. Hence, compatibility between Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens that have the ability to suppress Fusarium oxysporum in vitro on the activity of pectinolytic enzymes of Fusarium oxysporum. The activity of pectinolytic enzymes, i.e. pectin methyl esterase, endo and exo polymethylgalacturonases and exo and endo pectin trans eliminases produced by Fusarium oxysporum (Control) was higher. Maximum inhibition of pectin methylesterase, exo and endo polymethylgalacturonase and exo and endopectin trans eliminase was shown by culture filtrate of Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Tv+Pf) (1+2%), followed by Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens, (Th +Pf) (1.5+2%) and Trichoderma viride + Trichoderma harzianum (Tv+Th) (1+1.5%). However, pathogenecity suppression of Fusarium oxysporum, a causative of Arachis hypogaea. L by the compatible combination of Trichodema viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (1+2%) was significantly better as compared to the single bio-agent. This indicates that specific interactions between biocontrol agents influence suppression of pathogenicity factors directly by combinations of these compatible bio-agents.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (2): 36-42, December, 2017
26
Altinok, Hacer H., und Murat Dikilitas. „Antioxydant response to biotic and abiotic inducers for the resistance against fusarium wilt disease in eggplant (solanum melongena l.)“. Acta Botanica Croatica 73, Nr. 1 (01.04.2014): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botcro-2013-0014.
Annotation:
Abstract Acibenzolar-S-methyl as an abiotic plant activator and a non-host isolate of Fusarium oxysporum on eggplant (F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis) as a biotic inducer were applied to eggplant seedlings in order to confer increased resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt of eggplant. Acibenzolar-S-methyl and F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis were applied 72 h before pathogen inoculation and the development of disease symptoms was assessed with a Fusarium yellow rating at 7th, 11th, 14th, 17th and 21th day after inoculation. Pretreatment of eggplants with Acibenzolar-S-methyl and F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis significantly reduced the severity of Fusarium wilt disease. The severity of the disease in positive control plants reached to 92.50% whereas that of acibenzolar-S-methyl and F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis-pretreated seedlings of eggplants was only 32.21% and 21.13%, respectively, 21 days after inoculation. Acibenzolar-S- -methyl and F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis pretreatments resulted in a hypersensitive reaction and triggered the elaboration of histological barriers such as callose and H2O2 synthesis. In situ studies demonstrated that the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and the callose deposition as responses to the pathogen attack started 24 h after inoculation. Acibenzolar- S-methyl and F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis-pretreated plants also showed significant increases in the activity of catalase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes along with the increase of proline and H2O2 content when compared to F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae-infected plants.
27
Suwarno, Setiadi Jitendhriyawan, und Rachmi Masnilah. „Potensi Bacillus spp. sebagai Agen Biokontrol untuk Menekan Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Melon (Cucumis melo L.)“. Jurnal Pengendalian Hayati 3, Nr. 1 (18.03.2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jph.v3i1.17148.
Annotation:
Fusarium wilt caused by F. oxysporum, is a disease that often attacks melon plants. F. oxyporum is a fungus that infects through the roots and clogs vascular vessels in plants and causes plants to wither with necrotic symptoms. Bacillus spp as a biological agent capable of controlling fusarium wilt by antibiotic mechanism. Bacillus spp obtained was then carried out by testing to determine its potential as a biological recognition agent. This research was carried out starting from the isolation of F. oxysporum, isolation and inoculation of Bacillus spp., Gram test, hypersensitivity test using tobacco plants, to calculate the intensity of attacks and analyze. The study was conducted with 5 treatments namely control, F. oxysporum without Bacillus spp., F. oxysporum with isolates BJM4, BJM5, and BJM9. The results showed that BJM5 isolates can suppress fusarium wilt disease with a disease severity value of 23.75%, the lowest compared to all treatments applying Bacillus spp. this was also shown by the results of antagonistic tests on PDA media that BJM5 isolates could suppress F. oxysporum fungi by 0.6 or 60%.
28
Khan, Babar, Zuniara Akash, Shahzad Asad, Nazir Javed, Nasir A. Rajput, Abdul Jabbar, Wasi U. Din und Rana M. Atif. „ANTAGONISTIC POTENTIAL OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. CUBENSE ASSOCIATED WITH PANAMA WILT OF BANANA“. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology 29, Nr. 1 (12.07.2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.029.01.0299.
Annotation:
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is a soil loving pathogen of banana that can cause distortion of vascular system. It is responsible for the disease Fusarium wilt of bananas also renowned as panama wilt disease that has responsible of immense losses in the banana industry worldwide. In this study, diseased samples were collected from rhizosphere of banana plants in the research area of National Agriculture Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad and cultured on PDA to isolate pathogenic strains of F. oxysporium f. sp. cubense. Antagonistic potential of Trichoderma harzianum against F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense was evaluated under controlled conditions. T. harzianum produced up to 75.5% inhibition of colony growth of the pathogen followed by incubation for 72 h at 28+2°C in vitro. In pot culture T. harzianum considerably reduced disease severity. It proves that it is a potential biological control agent against banana wilt pathogen.
29
Leana, Ni Wayan Anik, und Dewa Ngurah Suprapta. „UTILIZATION OF BETEL LEAVES EXTRACT TO PREVENT THE GROWTH OF Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici CAUSING FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE IN BELL PEPPER“. Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 21, Nr. 1 (25.12.2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.12126-33.
Annotation:
Betel (Piper betle Linn.) is commonly used in Indonesian traditional medicine due to its antimicrobial properties, thus it is often used as an ingredient in natural pesticides. The effectiveness of betel leaf extract as a control for Fusarium oxysporum in several plants showed it’s potential to control the fungi in bell pepper. F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici is one of the important pathogens causing Fusarium wilt disease in bell pepper. It is one of the most devastating plant diseases due to its ability to cause a crop failure. The test on the inhibitory capacity of betel leaf extract on the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici were carried out by growing the fungi on PDA mixed with various concentrations of betel leaf extracts. The results showed that betel leaf extract treatment at 0.02% concentration was able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici in PDA at 95.54%. The full inhibition of colony growth (100%) was achieved in the extract treated with the concentration of 0.03%. Meanwhile treatment of 0.17% betel leaf extract was able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici on bell pepper stems. Following this result, fractionation of the betel leaf extract by column chromatography was conducted, resulting in 44 fractions. The bioassays of those fractions showed that, there were seven fractions that reveal inhibition capability against F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici.
30
Rajeswari, P., und Rupam Kapoor. „Combined Application of Different Species of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens on the Cellulolytic Enzymes of Fusarium Oxysporum for the Control of Fusarium wiltDisease in Arachis hypogea. L“. Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 14, Nr. 3 (25.09.2017): 1169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2557.
Annotation:
ABSTRACT: Fusarium oxysporum causes Fusarium wilt of crop plants leads to considerable yield loss. The study was conducted to determine the beneficial effects of combining Trichoderma species and Pseudomonas fluorescens i.e Trichodema viride+ Pseudomonas fluorescens (Tv+Pf) (1+2%), Trichoderma harzianum+Pseudomonas fluorescens (Th+Pf) (1.5+2%), Trichoderma viride +Trichoderma harzianum (Tv+Th) (1+1.5%) on the activity of cellulolytic enzymes of Fusarium oxysporum to control Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea. L wilt in vitro. The activity of 1,4 -β – Endoglucanase, 1,4 -β – Exoglucanase, Cellobiases produced by Fusarium oxysporum (Control) was higher. Maximum inhibition of Cellulolytic enzymes was shown by culture filtrate of Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Tv+Pf) (1+2%), followed by Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens, (Th +Pf) (1.5+2%) and Trichoderma viride + Trichoderma harzianum (Tv+Th) (1+1.5%). However, disease suppression of Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea. L by the compatible combination of Trichodema viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (1+2%) was considerably better as compared to other two strains. At the same time the other two combinations resulted in enhanced disease suppression as compared to single strains. This indicates that the potential benefits of using combination treatments to suppress Fusarium wilt. The study suggests the significance of interactive effects of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas in biocontrol of wilt disease.
31
Anggraini, Selviana, Jumsu Trisno und Tizelia Tizelia. „POTENSI RIZOBAKTERI INDIGENUS SEBAGAI AGENS BIOKONTROL JAMUR FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. CUBENSE PENYEBAB PENYAKIT LAYU TANAMAN PISANG“. Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Pertanian (JURAGAN) 1, Nr. 1 (30.09.2020): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32767/juragan.v1i1.25.
Annotation:
The use of rhizobacteria is an alternative control in suppressing plant disease attacks. The purpose of this study was to obtain indigenous rhizobacteria which have the potential as antagonist agents of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Sampling was carried out randomly selected on endemic lands. Isolation of rhizobacteria using serial dilution method and its antagonist test against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense uses the dual culture method. The isolation results from 3 banana cultivars (kepok, raja sere, and mas) obtained 24 rhizobacterial isolates with different morphological and physiological characters. The antagonist test results showed that 8 rhizobacterial isolates were able to suppress the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and is not plant pathogenic.
32
Giesbrecht, M., M. McCarthy, M. L. Elliott und K. L. Ong. „First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. palmarum in Texas Causing Fusarium Wilt of Washingtonia robusta“. Plant Disease 97, Nr. 11 (November 2013): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-13-0488-pdn.
Annotation:
Fusarium wilt of palms occurs worldwide, caused by different Fusarium oxysporum ff. spp. including F. oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis, F. oxysporum f. sp. canariensis, and F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (3). Prior to 2010, F. oxysporum f. sp. canariensis was the only palm infecting species known to occur in the United States. In 2010, isolates of F. oxysporum were reported from dying Syagrus romanzoffiana and Washingtonia robusta in Florida. Based on morphological and molecular data, as well as the unique host species affected by the pathogen, this fungus was determined to be a new forma specialis of F. oxysporum, designated f. sp. palmarum (1). The pathogen infects foliar tissue, causing complete necrosis of the crown and leading to tree death within 2 to 3 months. In June 2012, the Texas Plant Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (TPDDL) received a plant sample from a dying W. robusta palm, exhibiting reddish-brown stripes on the petiole with chlorotic and necrotic leaves, from an established palm in the landscape from Harris County, Texas. Fungal cultures were obtained from symptomatic foliar tissue and identified as F. oxysporum based on morphology. Microconidia were oval to reniform, 1- to 2-septate, measuring 5 to 18 × 2.5 to 5 μm. Phialides were short with microconidia produced in false heads. Macroconidia were curved and slender with a foot-shaped basal cell, usually 3-septate, and 22 to 37 × 2.5 to 5 μm. Chlamydospores were roundish and ranged from 7 to 13 μm in diameter. Fungal colonies had white to purple mycelia when grown on potato dextrose agar. DNA from a single spore culture was extracted, amplified by PCR using primers corresponding to a segment of the translation elongation factor 1α (EF-1α) gene, and the PCR product sequenced (2). Using the sequence alignment tool (BLASTn) in GenBank, the TPDDL's sequence (GenBank Accession No. KC897693) was aligned with EF-1α regions from F. oxysporum f. sp. palmarum isolates previously entered into the database ([1]; accessions GQ154455[=NRRL53544] and GQ154456[=NRRL46589]), revealing 100% homology between the isolates. Based on host source and sequence similarity, the fungus was tentatively identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. palmarum. Pathogenicity tests were performed on three leaf seedlings of W. robusta and W. filifera. Fifteen plants of each species were inoculated with the suspect isolate (designated KB2012) and 10 control plants were mock-inoculated as described by (1). Plants were grown in a greenhouse for 8 weeks post-inoculation. During this time, 83% of inoculated plants developed foliar lesions and died or severely declined, and all control plants remained healthy. F. oxysporum was recovered in culture from 100% of the symptomatic plants. DNA was extracted from fungal cultures, and EF-1α was amplified by PCR and sequenced, as described above. The amplicon was determined to share 100% homology with known F. oxysporum f. sp. palmarum isolates, confirming this fungus as the cause of disease in W. robusta. This is the first report of this pathogen in Texas, as well as the first report outside of Florida. This is also the first documentation of W. filifera as a host of this pathogen. References: (1) M. L. Elliott et al. Plant Dis. 94:31, 2010. (2) D. M. Geiser et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 110:473, 2004. (3) G. W. Simone. Pages 17-19 in: Compendium of Ornamental Palm Diseases and Disorders, M. L. Elliott et al., eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2004.
33
Sharma, Nivedita, und Bhandari B.S. „Evaluation of Trichoderma harzianum as a potential bio-control option for fungal root disease of Seabuckthorn“. Annals of Plant Sciences 7, Nr. 7 (30.06.2018): 2373. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2018.7.7.1.
Annotation:
Biocontrol involves harnessing disease suppressive micro-organisms to improve plant health. Owing to the shortage of available fungicides for economic management of soil borne diseases, alternative techniques such as biological control are increasingly being sought for disease management. The present work was carried out to study the potential of Trichoderma harzianum isolate screened from the rhizospheric soil of seabuckthorn growing areas in Uttarakhand. Antagonistic activity of isolate was observed against Fusarium oxysporum causing damping off disease in seabuckthorn. Under in vitro conditions Trichoderma harzianum significantly reduced the growth of pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum.
34
Infante, Mario Gámiz, Manuel Avilés Guerrero, Celia Borrero Vega, Wilian Carlo Demetrio und Jair Alves Dionísio. „Earthworms and Fusarium oxysporum: effect on strawberry plant growth and production“. Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, Nr. 4 (02.08.2018): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1437.
Annotation:
Earthworms are soil invertebrates that play an important environmental role and are often referred to as “ecosystem engineers”. These invertebrates can influence several organisms, from microscopic life forms to plants. Although many works had reported positive effects of earthworms on plant growth, studies combining these invertebrates and soil pathogens showed numerous positive interactions. Fusarium wilt is a global disease that can cause severe damage to strawberry fields. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of inoculation of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae) in strawberry plants. This greenhouse experiment was carried out in the University of Seville School of Agricultural Engineering, Utrera City, Spain. Strawberries (Rooted cuttings) were planted in plastic pots and administered the following treatments: Control (absence of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae and earthworms), T1 (absence of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, two L. terrestris per pot), T2 (inoculum of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, absence of L. terrestris), and T3 (inoculum of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae and two L. terrestris). Weekly fruit production was measured for seven months. After this period the shoot fresh weight and the leaf nutrient content was measured. The results obtained showed no interaction between L. terrestris and F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae on strawberry production. T1 treatment resulted in fruit production superior to other treatments, including the control. An absence of differences in dry shoot matter was observed with earthworm treatment, and small differences were found in the leaf nutrient content. The earthworm inoculation was unable to suppress the negative effects of Fusarium wilt in strawberry production. However, positive effects such as a reduction in the disease severity were found in the earthworm treated plants. In treatments without F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae inoculation, the presence of earthworms increased plant productivity by 44.21 g per pot, compared with the control.
35
Orozco-Santos, Mario, Javier Farias-Larios, J. Gerardo López-Aguirre*, Emilio Sánchez-Arévalo und Jaime Molina-Ochoa. „Effect of Soil Solarization on Wilt by Fusarium in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) in Western Mexico“. HortScience 39, Nr. 4 (Juli 2004): 803C—803. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.803c.
Annotation:
In Central Pacific region, Mexico, are cultivated around 17,000 ha of cucurbitaceous. This crops are affected by wilt, this disease is caused by Fusarium oxysporum (F.o.) Schlechtend. Some farmers are using resistant varieties to this disease, but resistance is different to each cultivar. Soil fumigation is other way to control this pathogen. Soil solarization is a new alternative for Fusarium oxysporum control. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of soil solarization on Fusarium oxysporum for wilt control in muskmelon crop in Colima State. The experiment was carried out under field conditions, using Cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo L.) Cv. Ovation, in Ixtla-huacán municipality during November-December. Clear plastic was used (thickness 110). Evaluation of solarization periods were 0, 10, 20, and 30 days. Experimental design was full random blocks, with four replications. Evaluated variables were: soil temperature at 5-,10-, and 20-cm soil depth, propagule number of Fusarium oxysporum in soil, wilt incidence and yield. For determine Fusarium oxysporum survival, a strain isolated from infected plants was used. Fungi was introduced in cloth bags, containing 10 gr of sterile sand with 10 mL of a suspension of 19,000 conidia/mL. Later were introduced four cloth bags per treatment at 5-,10-, and 20-cm soil depth. When plants were harvested, was taken the sick plants percentage. Results shown that soil solarization periods had not an effect on the propagule number at the soil depth for the solarization periods. Also soil solarization had not and effect on plant yield. Is necessary to do the same experiment during different season, as June-July or September-October, to have a higher soil temperature and humidity.
36
Bowers, John H., und James C. Locke. „Effect of Botanical Extracts on the Population Density of Fusarium oxysporum in Soil and Control of Fusarium Wilt in the Greenhouse“. Plant Disease 84, Nr. 3 (März 2000): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.3.300.
Annotation:
Several commercial formulations of botanical extracts and essential oils are being investigated as possible alternatives to soil fumigation for control of Fusarium wilt diseases. Soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi was treated with 1, 5, and 10% aqueous emulsions of formulated extracts of clove (70% clove oil), neem (90% neem oil), pepper/mustard (chili pepper extract and essential oil of mustard), cassia (extract of cassia tree), and Banrot (a standard fungicide applied at different labeled rates) in separate experiments. Population densities of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi were determined at 0 (before treatment), 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment. Treatment of the soil with 5 and 10% aqueous emulsions resulted in significant (P < 0.05) differences among treatment means at each assay date. After 3 days, pepper/mustard, cassia, and clove extracts added as 10% aqueous emulsions reduced the population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi 99.9, 96.1, and 97.5%, respectively, compared with the untreated control. Neem oil extract increased the population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi at all concentrations tested. Banrot did not reduce the population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi in any experiment. In a second, related experiment, soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis also was treated with 1, 5, and 10% aqueous emulsions of formulated extracts, incubated in closed plastic bags for 1 week, and planted with muskmelon seeds (cv. Gold Star) in the greenhouse. Treatment of infested soil with 5 and 10% aqueous emulsions of the botanical extracts resulted in differences among treatments after 5 to 6 weeks. The pepper/mustard, cassia, and clove extracts suppressed disease development in repeated experiments (80 to 100% healthy plant stand) compared with the untreated infested soil (<20% stand). The observed reduction in the pathogen population and increased healthy plant stand in the greenhouse indicates that these extracts could have important roles in biologically based management strategies for control of Fusarium wilt diseases.
37
Cao, X. M., J. Cai, S. B. Li, H. Zhang, Z. Q. Lu und X. P. Hu. „Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum Associated with Root Rot of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in China“. Plant Disease 97, Nr. 11 (November 2013): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-12-1111-pdn.
Annotation:
Liquorice (root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) is an important Chinese traditional medicine for many ailments (4). From 2002, severe outbreaks of root rot occurring on cultivated G. uralensis plants in Ningxia, China, have affected the yield and quality of liquorice and been considered as a major threat to commercial production of liquorice. Approximately 30% of the plants die from this disease in Ningxia every year. The disease, mainly affecting 2- to 4-year-old G. uralensis seedlings, begins with brown rot of root tips or lateral roots followed by internal decay of taproots during June to August every year. The infected plants are wilted with chlorotic foliage and easily pulled up from the soil. Root rot is clearly visible as a severe brown discoloration of vascular tissue along taproots. In severe cases, white mycelia are clearly visible on the surface of diseased roots and roots are decomposed. Isolations from diseased roots were made on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with streptomycin sulfate. Isolates (n = 78) were recovered from symptomatic roots (n = 105) and pure cultures were established by the single spore method. The two most frequently isolated fungi were transferred to potato sucrose agar and identified as Fusarium solani (61.5%) and F. oxysporum (30.8%) (1). The monophialides bearing microconidia of F. solani are long when compared to those of F. oxysporum. Genomic DNA of strains F. solani G013 and F. oxysporum FLR were extracted from mycelia with the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Primers EF1-728F and EF1-986R were used to amplify the translation elongation factor-1α (TEF-1α) gene (2). The TEF-1α sequences of F. solani G013 (GenBank Accession No. AB777258) and F. oxysporum FLR (AB777257) shared 99 and 100% similarity with F. solani isolate NRRL52790 and F. oxysporum isolate NRRL 38328, respectively. Pathogenicity tests with one representative isolate of each species were conducted in the greenhouse on 1-month-old potted G. uralensis seedlings (12 plants per treatment). Isolates of the tested fungi were transferred to PDA and incubated in darkness at 24 ± 1°C for 7 days. Plant taproots about 5 cm below the soil surface were wounded with a sterile needle and five 5-mm-diameter fungal disks on the margin of colony were taken and firmly placed on the wounded location of each taproot with tinfoil; wounded taproots of seedlings inoculated with sterile PDA disks were used as controls (3). Root rot was assessed 2 months after inoculation. F. solani G013 and F. oxysporum FLR produced root rot symptoms on inoculated plants that were the same as those observed in field plants, and the fungi were reisolated from roots with typical symptoms. Control plants inoculated with sterile PDA disks remained asymptomatic, and no pathogen was isolated from them. To our knowledge, this is the first report of root rot caused by F. solani and F. oxysporum on G. uralensis in China. Effective control strategies are needed to minimize losses. References: (1) C. Booth. The Genus Fusarium. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Farnham Royal, 1971. (2) I. Carbone and L. M. Kohn. Mycologia 91:553, 1999. (3) M. Guo et al. Plant Dis. 96:909, 2012. (4) T. Wu et al. Am. Assoc. Pharm. Sci. J. 13:1, 2011.
38
Alabouvette, C., und Ch Olivain. „Modes of action of non-pathogenic strains of Fusarium oxysporum in controlling Fusarium wilts“. Plant Protection Science 38, SI 1 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (01.01.2002): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10354-pps.
Annotation:
Many studies have demonstrated the capacity of non-pathogenic strains of F. oxysporum to control Fusarium diseases.<br />These non-pathogenic strains show several modes of action contributing to their biocontrol capacity. They are able to<br />compete for nutrients in the soil, affecting the rate of chlamydospore germination and the saprophytic growth of the<br />pathogen, diminishing the probability for the pathogen to reach the root surface. They are competing with the pathogen<br />at the root surface for colonization of infection sites, and inside the root where they induce plant defence reactions. By<br />triggering the defence reactions, they induce systemic resistance of the plant. Depending on the strain, and on the plant<br />species, these mechanisms are more or less important, leading to a more or less efficient biocontrol efficacy.
39
Garibaldi, A., A. Minuto, M. Shiniti Uchimura und M. L. Gullino. „Fusarium Wilt of Gerbera Caused by a Fusarium sp. in Brazil“. Plant Disease 92, Nr. 4 (April 2008): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-4-0655b.
Annotation:
In 2006, gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) plants, cvs. Basic, Xena, and Olimpia grown for cut flower production in two greenhouse farms in the region of Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil, exhibited symptoms of a wilt disease. Affected plants (approximately 20, 60, and 50% on cvs. Basic, Xena, and Olimpia, respectively) were stunted and developed yellow leaves unilaterally with initially brown and eventually black streaks in the vascular system. The first symptoms occurred 2 months after transplanting during the hottest period of the summer with an average air temperature of 27°C. Vascular streaks in the yellow leaves were continuous with a brown discoloration in the vascular system of the crown and upper taproot. Occasionally, the leaves of affected plants turned red. A Fusarium sp. was consistently and readily isolated onto a Fusarium-selective medium from symptomatic vascular tissue sampled from the crown of infected plants. Colonies were identified as Fusarium oxysporum on the basis of colony and conidia morphology (1) after subculturing on potato dextrose agar. Since F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi has been previously reported on Chrysanthemum morifolium, Argyranthemum frutescens, and gerbera (4), pathogenicity tests were carried out by using one monoconidial isolate obtained from wilted plants and one Italian isolate (F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi MASS 6). The isolates of F. oxysporum were grown in casein hydrolysate in shake culture (90 rpm) for 10 days at 25°C with 12 h of fluorescent light per day. Healthy rooted plants of 30-, 20-, and 45-day-old C. morifolium (cv. Captiva), A. frutescens (cv. Stella 2000), and gerbera (cvs. Jaska, Dalma, and Excellence), respectively, were inoculated by separately dipping roots into a conidial suspension (5 × 107 conidia/ml) of the two isolates of F. oxysporum. Plants were transplanted (one plant per pot) into pots (3.5 liter vol). Noninoculated plants served as control treatments. Plants (15 per treatment) were grown in a glasshouse at an average day temperature of 32°C and night temperature of 23°C (minimum 21°C and maximum 43°C). Wilt symptoms and discoloration of the vascular system in roots, crown, and petioles developed within 29 days on C. morifolium, 26 days on A. frutescens, and 14 days on gerbera. Noninoculated plants remained healthy. F. oxysporum was consistently reisolated from infected plants. The pathogenicity test was carried out twice. Gerbera wilt caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi was recently reported in Italy (2) and Spain (3). Currently, the wilt of gerbera in the area of Paraná is limited to two farms. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the disease in Brazil as well as in South America. References: (1) C. Booth. Fusarium. CMI, Kew, UK, 1977. (2) A. Garibaldi et al. Plant Dis. 88:311, 2004. (3) A. Garibaldi et al. Plant Dis. 91:638, 2007. (4) A. Minuto et al. J. Phytopathol. 155:373, 2007.
40
Leana, Ni Wayan Anik, und Dewa Ngurah Suprapta. „UTILIZATION OF BETEL LEAVES EXTRACT TO PREVENT THE GROWTH OF Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici 1 CAUSING FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE IN BELL PEPPER“. JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 21, Nr. 1 (18.11.2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.12126-33.
Annotation:
Utilization of betel leaves extract to prevent the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici causing fusarium wilt diseasein bell pepper. Betel (Piper betle Linn.) is commonly used in Indonesian traditional medicine due to its antimicrobial properties,thus it is often used as an ingredient in natural pesticides. The effectiveness of betel leaf extract as a control for Fusariumoxysporum in several plants showed it’s potential to control the fungi in bell pepper. F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici is one of theimportant pathogens causing Fusarium wilt disease in bell pepper. It is one of the most devastating plant diseases due to itsability to cause a crop failure. The test on the inhibitory capacity of betel leaf extract on the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp.capsici were carried out by growing the fungi on PDA mixed with various concentrations of betel leaf extracts. The resultsshowed that betel leaf extract treatment at 0.02% concentration was able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici inPDA at 95.54%. The full inhibition of colony growth (100%) was achieved in the extract treated with the concentration of0.03%. Meanwhile treatment of 0.17% betel leaf extract was able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici on bellpepper stems. Following this result, fractionation of the betel leaf extract by column chromatography was conducted, resultingin 44 fractions. The bioassays of those fractions showed that, there were seven fractions that reveal inhibition capabilityagainst F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici.
41
Duan, Yinghui, Wenwen Qu, Shuxian Chang, Chun Li, Fangfang Xu, Ming Ju, Ruihong Zhao, Huili Wang, Haiyang Zhang und Hongmei Miao. „Identification of Pathogenicity Groups and Pathogenic Molecular Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami in China“. Phytopathology® 110, Nr. 5 (Mai 2020): 1093–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-19-0366-r.
Annotation:
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami is an extremely destructive pathogen, causing sesame Fusarium wilt disease worldwide. To clarify the pathogenicity and the genetic characters of F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami, we systematically investigated 69 F. oxysporum isolates collected from major sesame-growing areas in China. Among these isolates, 54 isolates were pathogenic and 15 were nonpathogenic according to pathogenicity testing on sesame seedlings. For the pathogenic isolates, three F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami pathogenicity groups were defined based on the three differential sesame hosts for the first time. A translation elongation factor 1α gene tree was constructed to determine the genetic diversity of the F. oxysporum isolates but could not separate F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami isolates from the nonpathogenic isolates and other F. oxysporum formae speciales. Ten secreted-in-xylem (SIX) genes (one family of effectors) were identified in F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami isolates by a search with the genome data, and were subsequently screened in the 69 F. oxysporum isolates. Compared with the SIX gene profiles in other F. oxysporum formae speciales, the presence and sequence variations of the SIX gene homologs directly correlated with the specific pathogenicity of F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami toward sesame. Furthermore, eight of these F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami SIX genes were significantly expressed in sesame plants as infection of the F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami isolate. These findings have important significance for understanding the pathogenic basis of F. oxysporum f. sp. sesami isolates, and will contribute to improve the diagnostics to effectively control Fusarium wilt disease in sesame.
42
Harveson, R. M., J. W. Kimbrough und D. L. Hopkins. „Novel Use of a Pyrenomycetous Mycoparasite for Management of Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon“. Plant Disease 86, Nr. 9 (September 2002): 1025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.9.1025.
Annotation:
Fusarium wilt of watermelon, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, is a destructive disease that limits watermelon production in many areas of the world. The discovery of several pyrenomycetous ascomycetes occurring naturally in association with different formae speciales of F. oxysporum identified these fungi as potential biological control organisms for watermelon wilt. One such mycoparasitic isolate, identified as Sphaerodes retispora var. retispora, was chosen for biological control and ecological trials in the greenhouse. Four different methods to inoculate the mycoparasite were evaluated, three of which utilized the parasite encapsulated into sodium alginate pellets. The other method employed root-dipping plants with mycoparasite ascospore suspensions. Ecological factors also were investigated, including the ability of S. retispora var. retispora to colonize watermelon roots, and its ability to survive in soil over time and reduce propagules of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum. In the biological control studies, the use of the mycoparasite significantly reduced plant mortality and increased dry weights of watermelon plants after being challenged with F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum, compared with pathogen-inoculated controls. It appears that the incorporation of the parasite into alginate pellets in the planting mix at seeding may be the most practical method for future field evaluations of transplant-grown vegetable crops. In the ecological studies, the mycoparasite was recovered from infested soil after 9 months, but was only isolated from watermelon roots when applied in the presence of F. oxysporum. S. retispora var. retispora had no effect on F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum propagules after being applied to soils in the greenhouse.
43
Montenegro, Iván, Alejandro Madrid, Mauricio Cuellar, Michael Seeger, Juan Alfaro, Ximena Besoain, Juan Martínez, Ingrid Ramirez, Yusser Olguín und Miryam Valenzuela. „Biopesticide Activity from Drimanic Compounds to Control Tomato Pathogens“. Molecules 23, Nr. 8 (16.08.2018): 2053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082053.
Annotation:
Tomato crops can be affected by several infectious diseases produced by bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes. Four phytopathogens are of special concern because of the major economic losses they generate worldwide in tomato production; Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, causative agents behind two highly destructive diseases, bacterial canker and bacterial speck, respectively; fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici that causes Fusarium Wilt, which strongly affects tomato crops; and finally, Phytophthora spp., which affect both potato and tomato crops. Polygodial (1), drimenol (2), isonordrimenone (3), and nordrimenone (4) were studied against these four phytopathogenic microorganisms. Among them, compound 1, obtained from Drimys winteri Forst, and synthetic compound 4 are shown here to have potent activity. Most promisingly, the results showed that compounds 1 and 4 affect Clavibacter michiganensis growth at minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values of 16 and 32 µg/mL, respectively, and high antimycotic activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora spp. with MIC of 64 µg/mL. The results of the present study suggest novel treatment alternatives with drimane compounds against bacterial and fungal plant pathogens.
44
Koike, S. T., S. C. Kirkpatrick und T. R. Gordon. „Fusarium Wilt of Strawberry Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in California“. Plant Disease 93, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2009): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-10-1077a.
Annotation:
Beginning in 2006 and continuing into 2009, an apparently new disease of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) affected commercial plantings (cvs. Albion, Camarosa, and others) in coastal (Ventura and Santa Barbara counties) California. Symptoms consisted of wilting of foliage, drying and withering of older leaves, stunting of plants, and reduced fruit production. Plants eventually collapsed and died. Internal vascular and cortical tissues of plant crowns showed a brown-to-orange-brown discoloration. Differences in cultivar susceptibility were not recorded. Internal crown and petiole tissues, when placed on acidified corn meal agar, consistently yielded Fusarium isolates having similar colony morphologies. No other pathogens were isolated. The Fusarium isolates were subcultured on carnation leaf agar and observed to be producing macroconidia and microconidiophores that are diagnostic of Fusarium oxysporum (1). For two of these isolates, the internal transcribed spacer region comprising ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S rRNA was amplified using primers ITS-1 and ITS-4 (3). On the basis of a comparison of 515 bp, both isolates had the identical sequence, which was a 100% match for 30 accessions of F. oxysporum in GenBank. This comparison included several formae speciales of F. oxysporum, but F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, a previously described pathogen of strawberry (4), was not included. The isolates are archived in the Department of Plant Pathology at UC Davis and are available on request. Both sequenced isolates plus four others were tested for pathogenicity on strawberries. For these tests, spore suspensions of 1 × 105 conidia/ml were prepared separately for six isolates. Roots of strawberry transplants (12 plants of cv. Camino Real) were cut and soaked in spore suspensions for 10 min. Plants were potted in soilless, peat moss-based medium in containers. Control strawberry plants were soaked in water prior to planting. All plants were then grown in a shadehouse. After 8 weeks, inoculated plants began to show wilting and decline of foliage and internal crown tissue was lightly discolored. F. oxysporum was isolated from all inoculated plants. Control plants did not exhibit any disease symptoms and crown tissue was symptomless. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Fusarium wilt of strawberry in California. This disease has been reported from a number of other countries including Argentina, Australia, China, South Korea, Spain, and Japan (2). Since 2006, Fusarium wilt of strawberry has increased in incidence and severity in California. Initial problems in 2006 consisted of multiple small patches (2 to 4 beds wide × 3 to 10 m long) of diseased plants; in these patches disease incidence could range from 80 to 100%. By 2009, in some fields, the disease affected large sections that ran the length of the field. References: (1) P. E. Nelson et al. Fusarium Species: An Illustrated Manual for Identification. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, 1983. (2) H. S. Okamoto et al. Plant Prot. 24:231, 1970. (3) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Application. Academic Press, NY, 1993. (4) B. L. Winks and Y. N. Williams. Qld. J. Agric. Anim. Sci. 22:475, 1966.
45
Lee, Hyeseung, Barbara Damsz, Charles P. Woloshuk, Ray A. Bressan und Meena L. Narasimhan. „Use of the Plant Defense Protein Osmotin To Identify Fusarium oxysporum Genes That Control Cell Wall Properties“. Eukaryotic Cell 9, Nr. 4 (26.02.2010): 558–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00316-09.
Annotation:
ABSTRACT Fusarium oxysporum is the causative agent of fungal wilt disease in a variety of crops. The capacity of a fungal pathogen such as F. oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae to establish infection on its tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) host depends in part on its capacity to evade the toxicity of tobacco defense proteins, such as osmotin. Fusarium genes that control resistance to osmotin would therefore reflect coevolutionary pressures and include genes that control mutual recognition, avoidance, and detoxification. We identified FOR ( Fusarium O smotin R esistance) genes on the basis of their ability to confer osmotin resistance to an osmotin-sensitive strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FOR1 encodes a putative cell wall glycoprotein. FOR2 encodes the structural gene for glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase, the first and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of hexosamine and cell wall chitin. FOR3 encodes a homolog of SSD1, which controls cell wall composition, longevity, and virulence in S. cerevisiae. A for3 null mutation increased osmotin sensitivity of conidia and hyphae of F. oxysporum f. sp. nicotianae and also reduced cell wall β-1,3-glucan content. Together our findings show that conserved fungal genes that determine cell wall properties play a crucial role in regulating fungal susceptibility to the plant defense protein osmotin.
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Abd Murad, Nur Baiti, Muskhazli Mustafa, Khozirah Shaari und Nur Ain Izzati Mohd Zainudin. „Antifungal Activity of Aqueous Plant Extracts and Effects on Morphological and Germination of Fusarium Fruit Rot Pathogens“. Sains Malaysiana 50, Nr. 6 (30.06.2021): 1589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5006-07.
Annotation:
Fusarium fruit rot caused by fusarium species pathogens can be considered a threat to economic loss. The use of synthetic antifungals to control the pathogens has failed to the development of resistance of pathogens. Previous studies reported that plant extracts may contain various bioactive constituents that are able to control pathogen growth. Hence, the aims of this study are to examine the inhibition activity of some plant fresh extracts on mycelial growth and morphological changes of Fusarium oxysporum, F. proliferatum, and f. solani, causal agents of Fusarium fruit rot. Aqueous extract of selected plants was evaluated for their inhibition activity against all the three fusarium pathogens under in vitro condition using poisoned food bioassay. Averrhoa bilimbi fruit extract demonstrated a highly significant effect against mycelial growth of the pathogens with fungal inhibition percentage of 80.51% for F. oxysporum, 61.28% for F. proliferatum and 58.97% for f. solani. The results showed that the highest formation of 100% extract has lowered the conidia concentration and germination percentage of F. oxysporum (35.43%), F. proliferatum (47.61%), and f. solani (38.67%) compared to the control. Significant shriveled mycelia were observed via scanning electron microscope (SEM) on the pathogens treated with a. bilimbi extract, indicating morphological changes occurred in the cell membrane compared to the control in which the mycelia were in normal form. This innovation, which can be prepared and applied at home, has the potential as an eco-friendly and a benign approach to control fruit rot pathogen.
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Doan, Hung K., Nilesh N. Maharaj, Kaitlyn N. Kelly, Eugene M. Miyao, R. Michael Davis und Johan H. J. Leveau. „Antimycotal Activity of Collimonas Isolates and Synergy-Based Biological Control of Fusarium Wilt of Tomato“. Phytobiomes Journal 4, Nr. 1 (Januar 2020): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pbiomes-05-19-0027-r.
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In a continued effort to discover microorganisms with plant-protective properties, we characterized a collection of bacterial isolates from multiple geographic origins and belonging to the genus Collimonas, for their ability to inhibit in vitro the growth of a wide range of plant-pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. Isolate Collimonas arenae Cal35 showed the greatest all-round performance and was the single-best inhibitor of several of the tested pathogens, including Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, the causal agent of Fusarium wilt of tomato. In greenhouse trials, neither C. arenae Cal35 nor the control treatment, i.e., the commercially available Bacillus-based biofungicide Serenade Soil, was able to prevent symptom formation on tomato plants challenged with F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. However, a mixture of Cal35 and Serenade Soil (referred to as Collinade) significantly reduced vascular discoloration and F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici-induced loss of shoot dry weight. In replicated field experiments, a Collinade application reduced vascular symptoms as well as the relative abundance of F. oxysporum in the root endosphere of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici-challenged plants. We discuss the emerging property of “biocombicontrol” by Collimonas and Bacillus in the context of synergy-based formulations for the protection of crops against pathogens.
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Joshua, Jacqueline, und Margaret T. Mmbaga. „Potential Biological Control Agents for Soilborne Fungal Pathogens in Tennessee Snap Bean Farms“. HortScience 55, Nr. 7 (Juli 2020): 988–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14081-19.
Annotation:
Fungi isolated from snap bean roots and rhizosphere soil where fungicides are not used included Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium camptoceras, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium solani, Peyronellaea pinodella, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Glomerella guttata. Only P. pinodella, M. phaseolina, and F. oxysporum were isolated on symptomatic plants. These soilborne fungi are common pathogens of diverse host plants. Pathogenicity tests under controlled environment demonstrated that these fungi were pathogenic on snap beans. Subsequently, bacterial endophytes isolated from snap bean roots, papaya roots and stems, and dogwood stems were evaluated as potential biological control agents against these diverse fungi. All bacteria isolated, including Bacillus vallismortis (PS), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Psl), Bacillus subtilis (Prt), Bacillus thuringiensis (Y and IMC8), Enterobacter sp. (E), Stenotrophomonas sp. (B17A), and Serratia sp. (B17B) suppressed growth of the fungal pathogens in vitro and formed clear inhibition zones in petri dish dual cultures. Growth media taken from the inhibition zones suppressed growth of the fungal pathogens in the absence of the bacterial cells, suggesting that the bacteria released unidentified antagonistic biochemical substances into the media. This study constitutes an initial screening of endophytes as biological control agents against diverse fungal pathogens and forms a basis for the discovery of novel strains that can be further developed and integrated into disease management systems for diverse fungal pathogens. Isolates B. vallismortis (PS), B. amyloliquefaciens (Psl), B. subtilis (Prt), and B. thuringiensis (Y IMC8) exhibited the best performance as potential biological control agents paving the way for larger-scale in vivo studies and characterization of their interactions with fungal pathogens.
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RASHID, Tavga Sulaiman, Sirwa Anwar QADIR und Hayman Kakakhan AWLA. „Induction of defence related enzymes and biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum in tomato plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani“. Acta agriculturae Slovenica 117, Nr. 1 (31.03.2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2021.117.1.1622.
Annotation:
<p>Fusarium wilt of tomato plants caused by<em> Fusarium oxysporum </em>Schlecht. emend. Snyder & Hansen and<em> Fusarium solani</em> (Mart.) Sacc. are serious problem limiting tomato production worldwide. Biological control has emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to chemical fungicides. The biological control capability of a <em>T. harzianum </em>isolate against <em>F. solani</em> and <em>F. oxysporum</em> has been investigated. It inhibited colony growth of two <em>Fusarium</em> species by more than 80 % in dual culture tests. Results of greenhouse experiments revealed that disease severity in the tomato plants co-inoculated with <em>T. harzianum</em> was significantly lower than plants only infected with the <em>Fusarium</em> pathogens. Tomato plants inoculated with the antagonistic <em>T. harzianum</em> isolate, showed enhanced peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in greenhouse experiments and increased resistance to <em>F. solani</em> and <em>F. oxysporum</em>. The <em>T. harzianum</em> isolate indirectly affected the <em>Fusarium </em>pathogens by enhancing plant defence.</p>
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Trapero-Casas, A., und W. J. Kaiser. „A Vascular Wilt of Turnsole Caused by Fusarium oxysporum“. Plant Disease 82, Nr. 9 (September 1998): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.9.1063d.
Annotation:
Turnsole (Chrozophora tinctoria) is a common spring-summer weed in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and other dry-land crop production areas in southern Spain. Under field conditions, this weed often develops a general wilt and eventual death associated with a vascular discoloration of stems and roots. Diseased turnsole plants frequently occurred together with chickpea plants affected by Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, a major disease of chickpea crops in southern Spain (1). Isolations from roots, stems and leaf petioles of turnsole plants consistently yielded F. oxysporum, and it was morphologically similar to F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. To test the pathogenicity of this fungus, germinated and previously surface-sterilized seeds of turnsole and chickpea cultivar Blanco Lechoso were planted in a greenhouse soil mixture artificially infested with four isolates of F. oxysporum from turnsole and two isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, one of them inducing the wilt syndrome and the other causing yellowing (1). Pathogenicity tests were conducted following the standard inoculation method used for F. oxysporum in chickpea (1). Inoculated and control plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 15 to 30°C. Isolates of F. oxysporum from turnsole caused wilt symptoms and death of turnsole plants within 2 months, but chickpea isolates did not affect turnsole. Conversely, chickpea plants were affected only by the two isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris from chickpea. All diseased chickpea and turnsole plants exhibited typical vascular discoloration. F. oxysporum was consistently reisolated from the vascular tissues of roots, stems, and leaf petioles of affected plants. Based on these results, the fungus causing wilt of turnsole was identified as a forma specialis of F. oxysporum different from the chickpea wilt pathogen. Since the Fusarium wilt diseases of turnsole and chickpea are caused by different pathogens, the occurrence of F. oxysporum causing wilt of turnsole in the field can not be used to forecast Fusarium wilt of chickpea, but it may be considered as a potential biocontrol agent of this weed under field conditions. This is the first report of F. oxysporum causing wilt of turnsole. Reference: (1) A. Trapero-Casas and R. M. Jiménez-Díaz. Phytopathology 75:1146, 1985.