Zeitschriftenartikel: „Fungal material“

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Chard, Jane M., Jane W. Walker, Andrew F. D. Kennedy und I. W. Sutherland. „Unusual bacteria from fungal material“. FEMS Microbiology Letters 40, Nr. 2-3 (Februar 1987): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1987.tb02051.x.

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Kositchaiyong, Apisit, und Narongrit Sombatsompop. „Inhibition of Fungal Growth and Material Characteristics of PVC and Wood/PVC Composites Doped with Fungicides“. Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.343.

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Two commercial fungicides, namely, 3-Iodopropinyl-N-butylcarbamate (IPBC) and Methylbenzimidazole-2-ylcarbamate (Carbendazim) were used to improve anti-fungal properties of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and wood/PVC composite (WPVC) materials. Disk diffusion test and dry weight technique, using Aspergillus niger as a testing fungi, were employed for the anti-fungal assessments. The effects of type and content of fungicides on anti-fungal performances were discussed in association with material properties. For material property characterizations, flexural properties, surface contact angle and surface color changes were observed. The results from anti-fungal test by disk diffusion test revealed that addition of IPBC in PVC or WPVC showed much greater anti-fungal performance than that of Carbendazim in PVC or WPVC. The WPVC samples exhibited better anti-fungal performances than the PVC samples. It can be concluded that wood particles could promote the fungicidal effect of the WPVC composites. It was found that type and content of fungicides used did not significantly alter the flexural properties of the materials whereas the presence of wood resulted in an increase of flexural modulus with a decrease in flexural strength. The surface contact and color changes of PVC and WPVC were observed with addition of IPBC, but not found with Carbendazim.

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Shkorbotun, Yaroslav V., und Mykola A. Skoryk. „Features of diagnostics of fungal ball of paranasal sinuses of iatrogenic genesis“. OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY №5-6(3) 2020, Nr. 5-6(3) 2020 (04.11.2020): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37219/2528-8253-2020-6-04.

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Introduction: There are various theories of the origin of areas with high radiation density in the fungal ball of the paranasal sinuses: X-ray contrast dentist filling material; accumulation of zinc due to enzymes of the metalloproteinase group; formation of osteophytes, etc. The purpose of the study: to study the chemical composition of areas of fungal balls that have high radiological density. Methods and materials: The results of research of 26 samples of fungal bodies by scanning electron microscopy and spectrometry removed from maxillary sinuses in patients with fungal sinusitis (4 – nonodontogenic, 22 – odontogenic origin) are presented. In addition, 5 types of material most commonly used for endodontic treatment were studied. The results: It was found that fungal bodies of odontogenic origin have a heterogeneous structure with the presence of crystalline inclusions, the elemental composition of which has the characteristics of materials for endodontic treatment (Ba, Zr, W, Co), or increased content in the fungal ball of trace elements (Ti, Al and Zn), in quantities that are not characteristic of organic compounds. Conclusions: Scanning electron microscopy in combination with spectrometry can be used to identify foreign bodies of the maxillary sinus of exogenous (iatrogenic) origin and determine their role in the development of the fungal ball.

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Pasanen, Anna-Liisa, Kati Yli-Pietilä, Pertti Pasanen, Pentti Kalliokoski und Juhani Tarhanen. „Ergosterol Content in Various Fungal Species and Biocontaminated Building Materials“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, Nr. 1 (01.01.1999): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.1.138-142.1999.

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ABSTRACT This paper reports the ergosterol content for microbial cultures of six filamentous fungi, three yeast species, and one actinomycete and the ergosterol levels in 40 samples of building materials (wood chip, gypsum board, and glass wool) contaminated by microorganisms. The samples were hydrolyzed in alkaline methanol, and sterols were silylated and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The average ergosterol content varied widely among the fungal species over the range of 2.6 to 42 μg/ml of dry mass or 0.00011 to 17 pg/spore or cell. Ergosterol could not be detected in the actinomycete culture. The results for both the fungal cultures and building material samples supported the idea that the ergosterol content reflects the concentration of filamentous fungi but it underestimates the occurrence of yeast cells. The ergosterol content in building material samples ranged from 0.017 to 68 μg/g of dry mass of material. A good agreement between the ergosterol concentration and viable fungal concentrations was detected in the wood chip (r > 0.66, P ≤ 0.009) and gypsum board samples (r > 0.48, P ≤ 0.059), whereas no relationship between these factors was observed in the glass wool samples. For the pooled data of the building materials, the ergosterol content correlated significantly with the viable fungal levels (r > 0.63, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, the ergosterol concentration could be a suitable marker for estimation of fungal concentrations in contaminated building materials with certain reservations, including the underestimation of yeast concentrations.

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Tayyab, Muhammad, Waqar Islam, Chol Gyu Lee, Ziqin Pang, Farghama Khalil, Sheng Lin, Wenxiong Lin und Hua Zhang. „Short-Term Effects of Different Organic Amendments on Soil Fungal Composition“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 1 (03.01.2019): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010198.

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Fungi play an essential role in recovering the quality and fertility of soil. There is a limited understating of the complex response of fungal diversity to different organic materials in clay loam soil. Here, we report the response of soil fungi toward the short-term application of manure (M), sugarcane straw (S), and sugarcane straw plus manure (MS), including no organic material control (CK) at two different time points (50 and 100 days after application). Illumina sequencing was used to examine the fungal communities. Our results reveal a significant shift among the soil fungal community structure associated with each organic material application. After both time points, amendments—especially M and MS—decreased the fungal richness and stimulated the copiotrophic fungal group (Ascomycota) compared to the control soil (CK) and S-amended soil. On the contrary, as compared to the M and MS-amended soils, the CK and S-amended soils at both time points increased the fungal richness and stimulated the oligotrophic fungal groups. Organic material use, especially M and MS, showed variable results regarding pathogenic fungi enhancing the abundance of Lophodermium and Cercophora and decreasing Fusarium. Concerning the abundance of plant-beneficial fungi, Mortierella was reduced, and Podospora was increased by M and MS input. FUNGuild showed that the amendment of organic materials efficiently declined the abundance of endophytes and plant pathogens, but also enhanced the animal pathogens in terms of abundance with respect to CK at two time points. This study could be useful to provide a novel understanding of the management of soil-borne pathogens by organic amendments for the sustainable production of short-term crops.

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Wicks, Russell, Jegdish Babu, Franklin Garcia-Godoy und Vinay Jain. „Comparison of Fungal Biofilm Formation on Three Contemporary Denture Base Materials“. International Journal of Experimental Dental Science 4, Nr. 2 (2015): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1106.

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ABSTRACT Statement of problem: Modern polyamide ‘flexible’ denture base materials have increased in popularity for use in removable partial dentures in the last several years. The introduction of these newer products warrants investigation of their relative potential to develop fungal biofilms. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of three denture base materials to support fungal biofilm formation. Materials and methods Specimens of two ‘flexible’ nylon type materials and one traditional heat processed, methyl methacrylate resin material were studied (both polished and unpolished surfaces). The specimens were coated with saliva and evaluated for fungal (Candida albicans) biofilm formation. The fungal biofilm mass formed on denture substrates were evaluated by dry weight analysis and by determining the number of viable fungal cells in the biofilm by MTT viability assay. Alteration in fungal metabolic function following the treatment of the biofilm C. albicans with nystatin and fluconazole was determined by XTT assay. Results In general, the unpolished surfaces of the denture disks favored the fungal biofilm, the most being on polyamide specimen, Valplast. Significantly, less biofilm was formed on Duraflex and Lucitone surfaces. Biofim on C. albicans was also found to be resistant to antifungal agents. As compared to freshly incubated (grown) planktonic cells, biofilm fungal cells required significantly higher concentrations of nystatin and fluconazole in order to obtain 50% reduction in metabolic activity. Conclusion This study demonstrated the differences in denture materials to support fungal biofilm formation, and also difference between polished and unpolished denture material surfaces. The results demonstrated that one of the polyamide materials (duraflex) had lesser potential to biofilm formation than the others. Clinical significance Unfavorable tissue responses can ensue from the presence of fungal biofilms on dental prosthetics. Resistance to biofilm formation is a factor for dental materials in their selection and usage. This study helps to quantify, evaluate and compare biofilm formation on polished and unpolished surfaces of three commonly used denture base materials. The results of this study helped to identify materials, which may, therefore, be better indicated in clinical applications. Evaluations for the newer denture base materials, specific to these testing methods, appear to be novel in the scientific literature. How to cite this article Jain V, Babu J, Ahuja S, Wicks R, Garcia-Godoy F. Comparison of Fungal Biofilm Formation on Three Contemporary Denture Base Materials. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2015;4(2):104-108.

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Bengtsson, M., S. Wallström, M. Sjöholm, R. Grönlund, B. Anderson, A. Larsson, S. Karlsson, S. Kröll und S. Svanberg. „Fungus Covered Insulator Materials Studied with Laser-Induced Fluorescence and Principal Component Analysis“. Applied Spectroscopy 59, Nr. 8 (August 2005): 1037–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702054615214.

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A method combining laser-induced fluorescence and principal component analysis to detect and discriminate between algal and fungal growth on insulator materials has been studied. Eight fungal cultures and four insulator materials have been analyzed. Multivariate classifications were utilized to characterize the insulator material, and fungal growth could readily be distinguished from a clean surface. The results of the principal component analyses make it possible to distinguish between algae infected, fungi infected, and clean silicone rubber materials. The experiments were performed in the laboratory using a fiber-optic fluorosensor that consisted of a nitrogen laser and an optical multi-channel analyzer system.

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Paiva, Weslley de Souza, Francisco Ernesto de Souza Neto, Erika de Souza Paiva und Anabelle Camarotti de Lima Batista. „Fungal chitosan as membranous material modified by atmospheric plasma“. Research, Society and Development 10, Nr. 1 (04.01.2021): e9210111543. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11543.

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Objective: This study produced a fungal chitosan membrane extracted from Rhizopus stolonifer, as well as its modification using dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD), aiming to improve the physicochemical characteristics of the membrane, optimizing its use in the medical research field. Method: The obtained chitosan was physically and chemically characterized (Molecular Weight, Fourier Transform Infrared, X-ray Diffraction), later were produced fungal chitosan membranes and DBD plasma was applied. The membranes were characterized before and after plasma application using the tests contact angle, swelling and atomic force microscopy (medium roughness) analyzes. Results: A fungal chitosan with a yield of 16.73 mg/g, and an apparent molecular weight of 4 kDa was obtained, being considered of low molecular weight and high degree of deacetylation (84%). It was possible to obtain the membrane and after application of DBD plasma, the contact angle dropped from 77.5° to 30.9°, making it more hydrophilic. Conclusion: Thus, the efficiency of the technique for increasing the hydrophilicity of the fungal chitosan membrane without the additive of chemical reagents during the process was confirmed and the membrane formed is a promising alternative can be used in different ways in the medical area.

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Andersen, Birgitte, Jens C. Frisvad, Ib Søndergaard, Ib S. Rasmussen und Lisbeth S. Larsen. „Associations between Fungal Species and Water-Damaged Building Materials“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, Nr. 12 (29.04.2011): 4180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02513-10.

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ABSTRACTFungal growth in damp or water-damaged buildings worldwide is an increasing problem, which has adverse effects on both the occupants and the buildings. Air sampling alone in moldy buildings does not reveal the full diversity of fungal species growing on building materials. One aim of this study was to estimate the qualitative and quantitative diversity of fungi growing on damp or water-damaged building materials. Another was to determine if associations exist between the most commonly found fungal species and different types of materials. More than 5,300 surface samples were taken by means of V8 contact plates from materials with visible fungal growth. Fungal identifications and information on building material components were analyzed using multivariate statistic methods to determine associations between fungi and material components. The results confirmed thatPenicillium chrysogenumandAspergillus versicolorare the most common fungal species in water-damaged buildings. The results also showedChaetomiumspp.,Acremoniumspp., andUlocladiumspp. to be very common on damp building materials. Analyses show that associated mycobiotas exist on different building materials. Associations were found between (i)Acremoniumspp.,Penicillium chrysogenum,Stachybotrysspp.,Ulocladiumspp., and gypsum and wallpaper, (ii)Arthrinium phaeospermum,Aureobasidium pullulans,Cladosporium herbarum,Trichodermaspp., yeasts, and different types of wood and plywood, and (iii)Aspergillus fumigatus,Aspergillus melleus,Aspergillus niger,Aspergillus ochraceus,Chaetomiumspp.,Mucor racemosus,Mucor spinosus, and concrete and other floor-related materials. These results can be used to develop new and resistant building materials and relevant allergen extracts and to help focus research on relevant mycotoxins, microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs), and microparticles released into the indoor environment.

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HAQ, ANWAR-UL, ZAFARULLAH QAZI und SAFDAR HASHMI. „FUNGAL KERATITIS“. Professional Medical Journal 13, Nr. 02 (25.06.2006): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2006.13.02.5022.

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Previously no topical antifungal was available and only dermatological preparationlike bifonazole (mycospore) and some systemic antifungal were used for treatment of fungal ulcers. Nowmiconazole is available as topical ophthalmic ointment for the management of fungal ulcer. Objectives: To Studythe efficacy of topical miconazole ophthalmic ointment in the management of fungal keratitis and to know the timeperiod required for complete healing with topical miconazole ophthalmic ointment. Setting: Department ofOphthalmology, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Duration: One year (from March 2001 to February 2002). Material andmethod: Sample size: 20 patients. Results: According to this study of 20 cases it is apparent that the fungalkeratitis occurred most frequently in patients between 20-70 years of age. It is apparent those males who work atdifferent places are more prone to disease. Out of 20 cases, 10 (50%) were farmers by occupation. Trauma withfingernail in 1(5%) patient, trauma with stone in 2(10%) patients. No specific eye disease was present in 12(60%)cases. Trachoma was present in 4(20%) cases. Blephritis was diagnosed in 2(10%) cases, 2(10%) patients weresuffering from chronic illness like chest infection. Fungal keratitis in 12(60%) was not associated with hypopyon,6(30%) patients were associated with hypopyon and 2(10%) were associated with end-ophthalmitis. The responsewas good in 12(60%) patients and satisfactory in 3(15%). Poor response in 3(15%) and there was no response in2(10%) cases. Conclusion: Miconazole ophthalmic ointment is a good drug for the treatment of fungal keratitis.

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MILLS, P. A., R. G. ROTTER und R. R. MARQUARDT. „MODIFICATION OF THE GLUCOSAMINE METHOD FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF FUNGAL CONTAMINATION“. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 69, Nr. 4 (01.12.1989): 1105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas89-128.

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Modifications to the glucosamine (GlcN) analysis method for the quantification of fungal material in cereal grains are described. The modifications improve recovery of GlcN, increase reliability of the method and reduce analytical time. Key words: Glucosamine, fungal material, grain

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Górny, Rafał L., Tiina Reponen, Sergey A. Grinshpun und Klaus Willeke. „Source strength of fungal spore aerosolization from moldy building material“. Atmospheric Environment 35, Nr. 28 (Oktober 2001): 4853–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00261-8.

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Naumann, Annette, Ina Stephan und Matthias Noll. „Material resistance of weathered wood-plastic composites against fungal decay“. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 75 (November 2012): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2012.08.004.

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Singh, Pooja, Othman Sulaiman, Rokiah Hashim, P. F. Rupani und Leh Cheu Peng. „Biopulping of lignocellulosic material using different fungal species: a review“. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 9, Nr. 2 (25.02.2010): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11157-010-9200-0.

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Svecova, Lenka, Martin Kubal und Eric Guibal. „Waste Fungal Biomass for Mercury Biosorption – Column Studies“. Advanced Materials Research 20-21 (Juli 2007): 623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.623.

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Granulated Tolypocladium biomass (industrial waste) was tested as mercury biosorbent in continuous mode (fixed bed column). Supplied material contained approx. 70% of fungal biomass and 30% of inert material (diatomaceous earth). Prior to column experiments, batch sorption was also performed. The results of batch experiments were compared to our previous results obtained for powdered biomass (100% biomass material) and an important drop of sorption capacity was observed. For column experiments, the bed height and flow rate were kept constant and the influence of both initial mercury concentration and bead size was investigated. The Adams Bohart, the Thomas and the Yoon and Nelson models were used for the characterization of breakthrough curves.

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Tu Anh, Pham Ngoc, Pham Thi Thu Hang, Le Thi Quynh Tram, Nguyen Thanh Minh und Dinh Hoang Dang Khoa. „COMPARISON EFFICACY OF ITS AND 18S rDNA PRIMERS FOR DETECTION OF FUNGAL DIVERSITY IN COMPOST MATERIAL BY PCR-DGGE TECHNIQUE“. Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 15, Nr. 4 (14.12.2018): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/15/4/13416.

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Through composting process, biosolid wastes are gradually transformed into compost material which can be used as soil fertilizer. Among microorganisms involved in composting process, fungi play important roles because they break down complex substrates, such as ligno-cellulose. Recently, PCR-DGGE technique has been considered as a useful tool for analysis of fungal diversity in environmental samples. Among other factors, primer set selection is necessary for successful of the PCR-DGGE analysis. There are several PCR primer sets targeting fungal variable regions of 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) for the use in community analyses, however there exist just few reports on efficacy of these primers in studying fungal communities in compost materials. In this study, four different primer sets were tested, including EF4/Fung5 (followed by EF4/NS2-GC), EF4/ITS4 (followed by ITS1F-GC/ITS2), NS1/GC-Fung, and FF390/FR1-GC. Extracted DNA from compost materials often contains co-extracted humic substances and other PCR inhibitors. Therefore, the primers were tested for (i) tolerance to the PCR inhibitors presenting in the DNA extracted from compost materials, and (ii) efficacy and specificity of the PCR. The results showed that of the four primer sets, only FF390/FR1-GC achieved both criteria tested whereas the other three did not, i.e. primer EF4/ITS4 had low tolerance to PCR inhibitors, primers EF4/Fung5 was low in PCR amplification efficacy, whereas primers EF4/ITS4 created unspecific products. DGGE analyses of PCR products amplified with the primer set FF390/FR1-GC showed single bands for reference pure cultures Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp., and Trichoderma sp., as well as distinctly separated bands for the fungal communities of three different composting materials. Thus, the primer set FF390/FR1-GC could be suitable for studying structure and dynamic of fungal communities in compost materials.

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Bongomin, Felix, Bernard Erima, Richard Kwizera und Emmanuel I. Odongo-Aginya. „Online Learning Resources Enhanced Teaching and Learning of Medical Mycology among Medical Students in Gulu University, Uganda“. Education Research International 2020 (03.01.2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9468241.

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Background. The burden of serious fungal diseases has significantly increased in the past few decades; however, the number of health-care workers with expertise in the management of fungal diseases remains low, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to evaluate the use of freely available online teaching material to enhance teaching and learning of medical mycology among medical students in Gulu University Medical School, Uganda. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study among second year medical students undertaking Medical Mycology course on antifungal agents in the department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology in the academic year 2017-2018. The materials were synthesized and peer-reviewed by experts in fungal diseases and were made freely available on the Leading International Fungal Education website (http://www.LIFE-Worldwide.org). A local faculty in the department delivered the lectures, and pre- and posttest scores were evaluated statistically. Results. Sixty medical students participated in the study of which 78% were male. The average score was 41% for the pretest and 52% for the posttest (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in the scores of males and females. Majority of the students gave an above-average rating for the course material; however, 54% preferred prerecorded videos. Conclusion. Using freely available online materials on medical mycology can enhance teaching and learning of medical mycology. Because of this, there is need to incorporate up-to-date information about the subject into the curriculums of medical schools especially in LMICs.

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Răut, Iuliana, Mariana Călin, Zina Vuluga, Florin Oancea, Jenica Paceagiu, Nicoleta Radu, Mihaela Doni et al. „Fungal Based Biopolymer Composites for Construction Materials“. Materials 14, Nr. 11 (28.05.2021): 2906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112906.

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Environmental contamination, extensive exploitation of fuel sources and accessibility of natural renewable resources represent the premises for the development of composite biomaterials. These materials have controlled properties, being obtained through processes operated in mild conditions with low costs, and contributing to the valorization of byproducts from agriculture and industry fields. A novel board composite including lignocelullosic substrate as wheat straws, fungal mycelium and polypropylene embedded with bacterial spores was developed and investigated in the present study. The bacterial spores embedded in polymer were found to be viable even after heat exposure, helping to increase the compatibility of polymer with hydrophilic microorganisms. Fungal based biopolymer composite was obtained after cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum macromycetes on a mixture including wheat straws and polypropylene embedded with spores from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy images showed the fungal mycelium covering the substrates with a dense network of filaments. The resulted biomaterial is safe, inert, renewable, natural, biodegradable and it can be molded in the desired shape. The fungal biocomposite presented similar compressive strength and improved thermal insulation capacity compared to polystyrene with high potential to be used as thermal insulation material for applications in construction sector.

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Kuka, Edgars, Dace Cirule, Janis Kajaks, Anna Janberga, Ingeborga Andersone und Bruno Andersons. „Fungal Degradation of Wood Plastic Composites Made with Thermally Modified Wood Residues“. Key Engineering Materials 721 (Dezember 2016): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.8.

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Wood plastic composites (WPC) are mainly used as an outdoor material, so durability against fungal decay is one of the factors that should be analyzed and if necessary improved. WPC are susceptible to biodegradation, although these materials have limited water absorption because of the wood fiber encapsulation in polymer matrix. In the study two different water pretreatment methods (short-term and long-term) were used to ensure appropriate water content for fungal growth. Also in the paper thermally modified wood (different regimes) fiber influence on WPC fungal resistance is investigated. The results showed that long-term water pretreated WPC specimens had more suitable conditions for fungal degradation that led to higher weight loss. The results which were related to thermally modified wood fibers showed, that WPC with thermally modified wood fibers had improved resistance against fungi. Thermal modification regimes had an effect on WPC durability as well.

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Hendrickx, T. L. G., E. Meskus und R. L. Keiski. „Influence of the nutrient balance on biofilm composition in a fixed film process“. Water Science and Technology 46, Nr. 4-5 (01.08.2002): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0538.

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An attached fungal growth has appeared in a fixed biofilm process at the waste water treatment plant of the City of Oulu, Finland. Due to the filamentous morphology of the fungi, biofilm support material is easily washed out. The appearance is believed to be the result of the unbalanced availability of nutrients, where phosphorus has been identified as the key component. Experimental work concentrated on the influence of phosphorus on the fungal growth. Bench scale experiments showed that a higher uptake of phosphorus for the removal of organic material is possible, which also resulted in a suppression of the fungal growth by bacterial biomass. The results were confirmed by experimentation in a full-scale biofilter. Addition of extra phosphoric acid to the biofilter influent resulted in a biofilm where the fungal growth is less pronounced. The fungal growth is believed to be competitive with the desired bacterial growth. It is possible to keep the fungal growth within limits by changing the conditions in favour of the bacterial growth, thus avoiding the operational problems connected with the filamentous fungi.

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Harder, D. E., J. Chong, R. Rohringer, K. Mendgen, A. Schneider, K. Welter und G. Knauf. „Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of extramural substances associated with intercellular hyphae of several rust fungi“. Canadian Journal of Botany 67, Nr. 7 (01.07.1989): 2043–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-258.

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Several types of extramural substance(s) associated with rust fungal intercellular hyphae were identified using a variety of tissue processing techniques. With conventional glutaraldehyde–OsO4 fixing and uranyl acetate – lead citrate staining, little material could be discerned on the hyphal surfaces in nonsporulating areas except at locations of cell–cell contact, where a lightly staining fibrous or darker staining amorphous material was apparent. Freeze-substitution or freeze-fracturing preserved greater amounts of coating material, which could be distinguished from the outer fungal wall layers. In freeze-substituted samples the extramural material was amorphous in nonsporulating areas, whereas near sporulating zones it had a fibrous consistency, with the fibrils oriented perpendicularly to the fungal wall. At locations of cell–cell contact there was additional extramural material that was composed of randomly oriented fibrils or was amorphous and densely staining. All types of extramural material stained positively with the periodate – thiocarbahydrazide – silver proteinate or periodate – chromate–phosphotungstate stains, but Concanavalin A bound only to some of the dense amorphous material. Sodium ethoxide etching and platinum–carbon shadowing also revealed the extramural material. When rust-infected wheat leaves were flooded with suspensions of colloidal gold, adhesion of gold particles occurred outside the hyphal walls and coincided with the location of extramural material.

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Smojver, Igor, Marko Vuletić, Dražena Gerbl, Ana Budimir, Mato Sušić und Dragana Gabrić. „Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy and Permeability of Various Sealing Materials at the Implant–Abutment Interface—A Pilot In Vitro Study“. Materials 14, Nr. 2 (14.01.2021): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020385.

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The microenvironment of the oral cavity is altered when an implant, a biocompatible foreign body, is inserted into the mouth. Bacteria settle in the tissues in and around the implant due to the passage of microorganisms through the microgap at the connection of the implant and prosthetic abutment. To prevent colonization of the implant by microorganisms, one idea is to use sealing and antimicrobial materials to decontaminate the implant–abutment interface and close the microgap. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy and permeability of different types of sealing materials at the implant–abutment interface, under static conditions. Three different sealing material (GapSeal gel, Oxysafe gel and Flow.sil) were used for sealing the implant–abutment interfaces in 60 titanium dental implants, which were first contaminated with a solution containing Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans for 14 days under an aerobic condition. Results showed that a complete seal against bacterial infection was not formed at the implant–abutment interface, while for fungal infections, only GapSeal material helped to prevent microleakage. Findings of this in vitro study reported that application of sealing material before abutment connection may reduce peri-implant bacterial and fungal population compared with the interface without sealing material.

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Malathi, J., M. Sowmiya, Vikas Khetan, K. Lily Therese und H. N. Madhavan. „Complication ofSalmonellaBacteremia in a Case of Treated Fungal Endophthalmitis“. Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/198637.

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This is to report a case of bacteremia caused bySalmonella typhiin a treated unilateral fungal endogenous endophthalmitis in an 18-year-old male from one of the South Asian countries. Microbiological and molecular investigations were carried out on the eviscerated material and routine blood culture was carried out. Direct examination of eviscerated material revealed the presence of fungal filaments. However,Salmonella typhiwas isolated from both specimens, which was confirmed by Polymerase chain reaction targeting the16SrRNAgene, sequencing, and random amplification of polymorphic DNA showed that they belonged to the same clone. The presence ofSalmonellabacteremia in a treated unilateral fungal endophthalmitis, among young adult patients is rare and systemic symptoms should be investigated.

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Weydert, Jamie A., Timothy L. Van Natta und Barry R. DeYoung. „Comparison of Fungal Culture Versus Surgical Pathology Examination in the Detection of Histoplasma in Surgically Excised Pulmonary Granulomas“. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 131, Nr. 5 (01.05.2007): 780–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2007-131-780-cofcvs.

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Abstract Context.—Granulomatous pulmonary nodules are common in areas endemic for Histoplasma infection, and may require surgical excision to exclude neoplasia. Surgeons may elect to routinely send material directly to the clinical microbiology laboratory for fungal and mycobacterial cultures. Objective.—To determine if tissue from surgically excised pulmonary granulomatous nodules removed from patients in a geographic area endemic for Histoplasma infection should be routinely submitted for fungal culture. Design.—Retrospective review and comparison of surgical pathology histochemical findings and clinical microbiology results of 30 surgical (wedge) lung excisions that demonstrated granulomatous nodule at the time of frozen section. Results.—Twenty cases demonstrated fungal organisms consistent with Histoplasma species via histochemical fungal stains. Of these 20 cases, 17 were tested in the microbiology laboratory using direct smear examination and fungal culture; Histoplasma was detected in 1 case (1/17). Eight cases revealed no organisms by surgical pathology. Of these, 6 were tested in the microbiology laboratory, and all 6 were negative by culture and direct smear (0/6). The remaining 2 cases demonstrated organisms other than Histoplasma by surgical pathology examination. Conclusions.—Surgical pathology examination of granulomatous pulmonary nodules detected Histoplasma organisms with greater sensitivity than culture and direct smear. There were no false-negative surgical pathology diagnoses when compared with microbiological results. These findings suggest that it is not necessary to routinely send material from solitary pulmonary granulomas for fungal culture when the material is removed from immunocompetent patients in a geographic area endemic for histoplasmosis.

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van de Pas, Daniel, Aynsley Hickson, Lloyd Donaldson, Gareth Lloyd-Jones, Tarja Tamminen, Alan Fernyhough und Maija-Liisa Mattinen. „Characterization of fractionated lignins polymerized by fungal laccases“. BioResources 6, Nr. 2 (20.02.2011): 1105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.6.2.1105-1121.

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Lignins are important biopolymers that can be converted into value-added materials by enzymatic treatments. However, the heterogeneity of the lignin polymer makes it a challenging material to modify. Thus, chemical fractionation was used to obtain lignins with high homogeneity in order to assess their biotechnological utilization. Commercial Alcell, birch organosolv lignins, and steam-exploded pine and eucalypt lignins were sequentially fractionated by ether, ether/acetone 4:1 (v:v), and acetone. All fractions were structurally characterized prior to treatments with Thielavia arenaria, Trametes hirsuta, and Melanocarpus albomyces laccases. The reactivities of the enzymes towards the lignins were determined by oxygen consumption measurements, and the degree of polymerization was confirmed by size exclusion chromatography. Field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the surfaces of the lignin nanoparticles were dispersed in the enzyme treatment, suggesting an increase in hydrophilicity of the surfaces detected as loosened morphology. Hence, it was concluded that enzyme-aided valorization is an attractive means for lignin modification, provided that optimum reaction conditions are employed.

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Salim, Rais. „Daya Hambat Asap Cair Kayu Galam terhadap Serangan Jamur pada Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) The Effect of Galam Wood Vinegar to The Growth of Fungi on Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)“. Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan 8, Nr. 2 (31.12.2016): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24111/jrihh.v8i2.2201.

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Eichhornia crassipes is a kind of weed species that can be used as material of woven handicrafts for commercial purposes. Generally, the problems that occurred while using natural fiber material (Eichhornia crassipes) for woven handicraft products were very susceptible from moisture that triggered organisms attack such as fungal attack. The alternative materials that can be used to protect Eichhornia crassipes from fungal attack is galam wood vinegar. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of galam wood vinegar application to Eichhornia crassipes to against fungal attack and also to determine the optimum level of wood vinegar concentration to block the fungal attack on Eichhornia crassipes. The research used two treatments i.e: concentration variations A1 (20%), A2 (25%) and A3 (30%); and soaking time variations B1 (7 hours), B2 (10 hours) and B3 (15 hours). The results was compared with the controls (0%). The field test showed that the intensity of fungal attack in the Eichhornia crassipes treated by wood vinegar from week 6 to week 10 was ranged from 2-31%. Whereas the untreated Eichhornia crassipes from week 6 to week 10 was ranged from 31.5-56%. The laboratory tests showed that the average value of weight loss of treated water hyacinth due to the attack by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. ranged from 5.848-10.553% and 6.664- 11.874%, while the the average value of weight loss of untreated water hyacinth were 18.945% and 14.325%. The treatment of wood vinegar to the Eichhornia crassipes in both field tests and laboratory tests showed significant effect in resisting fungal attack so that it can be used as a preservative for Eichhornia crassipes.Keywords: water hyacinth, galam wood vinegar, penicillium sp., aspergillus niger

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Carver, T. L. W., B. J. Thomas und S. M. Ingerson-Morris. „The surface of Erysiphe graminis and the production of extracellular material at the fungus – host interface during germling and colony development“. Canadian Journal of Botany 73, Nr. 2 (01.02.1995): 272–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-030.

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Low temperature scanning electron microscopy was used to study the development of Erysiphe graminis DC f.sp. avenae Marchal from germination through infection to sporulation of the fungal colony. To clarify resolution of the fungus–host interface and facilitate interpretation of fungal surface structures, epicuticular waxes were removed from host leaves before inoculation. Whereas conidia were covered in spinelike protrusions or globular bodies, young germ tubes, appressoria, and hyphae were initially smooth walled, but by 15 h after inoculation, wartlike bodies, resembling globular bodies on conidia, were present on first appressorial lobes; these increased in number, eventually covering the appressorium surface and appearing on contiguous hyphae. Wartlike bodies also appeared at junctions of hyphal branches, on hyphal appressoria, and on conidiophore basal cells. Their function, if any, is unknown. The meristematic zone, at the apex of the conidiophore basal cell, remained smooth walled, but globular bodies appeared on the wall of young conidia as soon as the limiting septum had formed. Observations with the fungus in situ revealed the presence of amorphous extracellular material around primary germ tubes and appressorial lobes. Extracellular material was also present beneath appressorial germ tubes and hyphae but it was hidden unless the fungus was displaced. It could not be seen beneath conidia. The extracellular material appeared to be adhesive, sticking the fungus firmly to the host surface. Removal of the fungus showed that the extracellular material was deposited close to the tip of developing germ tubes and hyphae. It was particularly thick around primary germ tubes and appressorial lobes, and a discrete ring of extracellular material was often visible around penetration pores (holes in the leaf surface seen beneath primary germ tubes and appressorial lobes). In addition to its adhesive properties, the extracellular material may act as a matrix in which fungal enzymes are sited and focused for attack on the host. Key words: Erysiphe graminis, low temperature scanning electron microscopy, extracellular material, fungal adhesion, fungal surface morphology.

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AVAN, Meltem. „Important Fungal Diseases in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Their Control“. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 2, Nr. 1 (30.06.2021): 239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46592/turkager.2021.v02i01.019.

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Aromatic plants constitute the main raw materials of the perfumery, food and cosmetics industry and in recent years with the increasing demand for therapeutic herbal medicines, interest in medicinal and aromatic plants has increased. Raw materials from medicinal and aromatic plants have recently begun to be used and spread in the food sector, especially in industrial sectors such as paint and perfumery. For this reason, growing healthy plant material is very important in terms of the protection of these crops. However, fungal diseases such as root rot, wilt, leaf spots, blight and anthracnose, which are problems during the cultivation of both medicinal and aromatic plants, negatively affect both the quantity and quality of these plants. For this reason, an integrated management practices including cultural measures, herbal products, biological control and, if necessary, chemical control methods with especially these fungal diseases are very important. In this review, 27 medicinal and aromatic plants, 37 fungal diseases, their chemical and biological control were included, and 161 references were used.

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Sheng, Qingkai, Junzhen Liu, Hong Han, Jiandong Han und Luzhang Wan. „Effect of incorporating fungal-media residue in bedding on domestic-pig growth performance and welfare in winter“. Animal Production Science 58, Nr. 6 (2018): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16058.

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Bedding materials significantly affect the health and growth performance of domestic pigs. The residue media from mushroom cultivation has potential as pig bedding because of its nutrient content for microbes and low cost. However, its components and granularity are heterogeneous. The present study investigated the effect of beddings containing fungal-residue media on the growth performance, stress response, thermoregulatory behaviour and general welfare of domestic pigs. During winter, 96 pigs were tested in a 2 × 4 factorial experiment involving fungal-residue media from production of Flammulina velutipes or Pleurotus eryngii, each added at rates of 0%, 15%, 45% or 60% of bedding that otherwise consisted of sawdust, rice husks, corn flour and Bacillus subtilis. After 98 days, growth factors and biomarkers of stress were analysed, and the condition of the bedding materials was examined. Fungal residues from either source, as 45% of bedding material, were associated with higher growth performance, lower stress, less huddling and higher immunity of pigs. Beddings with 45% fungal-media residues were also warmer, with lower levels of odorous chemicals, and higher numbers of beneficial microbes. No significant difference was observed between the two residue sources. Higher (60%) or lower (15%) concentrations of residue in beddings caused minor or insignificant improvements. In summary, bedding consisting of 45% fungal-residue media can improve the growth performance and welfare of domestic pigs during winter and is safe to promote.

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Oggerin, Monike, Cristina Escudero, Catalina del Moral, Nuria Rodríguez und Ricardo Amils. „High Copper Tolerant P. lilacinum Strain Isolated from a Rich Environment in Copper, Río Tinto (Sw, Spain)“. Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.157.

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Río Tinto (Southwestern Spain, Iberian Pyrite Belt) is an unusual extreme environment with an unexpected level of eukaryotic microbial diversity. Of the different fungal strains isolated along the river over several years, one of them,Purpureocillium lilacinumM15001, is able to tolerate up to 1M Cu concentrations. This strain was able to remove 25% of the Cu when incubated at 50mM, 32% at 100mM and 51% at 500mM Cu concentrations. The amount of Cu detected inside the cells increased accordingly the concentration of Cu in the solution, from 8.2% of the total fungal dry weight at 50mM Cu concentration, to 13% when exposed to 100mM Cu and 22.4% at 500mM Cu. TEM studies showed the existence of electrodense material externally adsorbed to the fungal cell wall, as well as large intracellular deposits. EDX microanalyses revealed that this material was composed mainly of Cu. To clarify the possible resistance mechanisms involved in the tolerance of this fungal strain to Cu, a proteomic study has been carried out.

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Reed, J. A., B. A. Hemann, J. L. Alexander und D. J. Brigati. „Immunomycology: rapid and specific immunocytochemical identification of fungi in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded material.“ Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 41, Nr. 8 (August 1993): 1217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/41.8.8331285.

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We report the rapid (less than 1 hr), immunocytochemical identification of various fungi in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using antisera originally developed for use in immunodiffusion assays. Primary antisera directed towards fungal genera including Aspergillus, Blastomyces, Candida, Coccidioides, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, and Sporothrix were examined. The specificity of each antiserum was evaluated by the presence or absence of crossreactivity with other morphologically similar fungi in both paraffin-embedded pure fungal cultures and tissues with culture-confirmed fungal infections. Each antiserum reacted strongly with the fungus to which it had been raised, whether examined in pure culture or infected tissues. The antisera raised against Candida, Cryptococcus, and Sporothrix did not exhibit cross-reactivity with any other fungus tested. However, the antisera raised to Aspergillus, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, and Histoplasma demonstrated significant crossreactivity with other genera of fungi, thus precluding their routine use in diagnostic immunocytochemistry. The results indicate that immunocytochemistry may provide an important adjunct to other methods, such as immunodiffusion or complement fixation assays and histochemical stains such as the Grocott methenamine silver or periodic acid-Schiff, when attempts are made to specifically identify certain fungi in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues before mycology culture results are available.

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Leszczyńska, Joanna, Grażyna Stryjewska-Makuch, Grażyna Lisowska, Bogdan Kolebacz und Marta Michalak- Kolarz. „Fungal sinusitis among patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery“. Otolaryngologia Polska 72, Nr. 3 (20.06.2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1263.

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Introduction: Fungal paranasal sinusitis can be either invasive or non-invasive. Saprophytic infections, fungus balls (FB) and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis are non-invasive (AFR). Materials and methods: The present study examined 521 patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery between January 2016 and April 2017 due to chronic paranasal sinusitis at the Department of Laryngology and Laryngological Oncology of the Upper Silesian Medical Centre in Katowice. The aim of the study was to analyse the histopathological and microbiological material collected intraoperatively and to determine the incidence and type of fungal infections among patients treated for chronic sinusitis. Results: Chronic fungal sinusitis was confirmed in 10 of 521 operated patients. The study group consisted of 9 females and 1 male. Histopathological examination revealed dead mycelium in 5 patients and colonies of Aspergillus spp. in 4, while microbiological examination revealed Candida albicans infection in 1 case. Allergy to inhalant allergens of fungal spores of Alternaria and Penicillinum was confirmed in a 73-year-old patient, which, based on the whole clinical presentation, enabled to diagnose chronic allergic fungal sinusitis. The most common location of mycelium was the maxillary sinus, followed by the sphenoid sinus. Discussion: The most common form of non-invasive fungal sinusitis is the so-called fungus ball, which was also confirmed in our report (95% of the test subjects). AFRS is more likely to occur in warm, moist climates that favour the growth of fungi.

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Rohrmoser, Manuela, Martin Kirchmair, Elisabeth Feifel, Alberto Valli, Roberto Corradini, Erich Pohanka, Alexander Rosenkranz und Reinhold Piider. „Orellanine Poisoning: Rapid Detection of the Fungal Toxin in Renal Biopsy Material“. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology 35, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563659709001167.

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Bérubé, Jean A., und Guillaume G. Nicolas. „Alien fungal species on asymptomatic live woody plant material imported into Canada“. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 37, Nr. 1 (13.12.2014): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2014.986526.

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Maljurić, Nevena, Jelena Golubović, Matjaž Ravnikar, Dušan Žigon, Borut Štrukelj und Biljana Otašević. „Isolation and Determination of Fomentariol: Novel Potential Antidiabetic Drug from Fungal Material“. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2434691.

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Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading world’s public health problems. Therefore, it is of a huge interest to develop new antidiabetic drugs. Apart from traditional therapy of diabetes, nowadays, importance is given to natural substances with antidiabetic potential. Fomes fomentarius is a mushroom widely used for different purposes, due to its range of already confirmed activities. Fomentariol is a constituent of Fomes fomentarius, responsible for its antidiabetic potential. In that respect, it is important to develop a method for isolation and quantification of fomentariol from fungal material, which will be simple and efficient. Multistep, complex extraction applied in the previously reported studies was avoided with ethanol, providing rapid single-step extraction. The presence of fomentariol in ethanolic extract was confirmed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Semipreparative HPLC method was developed and applied for isolation from ethanol extract and purification of the active compound fomentariol. It was a gradient reversed-phase method with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water and total run time of 15 minutes. The amount of 6.5 mg of high-purity fomentariol was determined by quantitative NMR with toluene as internal standard. The isolated and determined amount of substance can be further used for the quantitative estimation of activity of fomentariol.

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Meşe, A., und S. Meşe. „Effect of Microwave Energy on Fungal Growth of Resilient Denture Liner Material“. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 21, Nr. 1 (Januar 2007): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2007.10817422.

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Deswal, Deepa, Rishi Gupta, Preeti Nandal und Ramesh Chander Kuhad. „Fungal pretreatment improves amenability of lignocellulosic material for its saccharification to sugars“. Carbohydrate Polymers 99 (Januar 2014): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.045.

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Michaelsen, Astrid, Flavia Pinzari, Katrin Ripka, Werner Lubitz und Guadalupe Piñar. „Application of molecular techniques for identification of fungal communities colonising paper material“. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 58, Nr. 3-4 (Oktober 2006): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2006.06.019.

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Peterson, R. Larry, Yukari Uetake, Paola Bonfante und Antonella Faccio. „The interface between fungal hyphae and orchid protocorm cells“. Canadian Journal of Botany 74, Nr. 12 (01.12.1996): 1861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-223.

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Seeds of the orchids Platanthera hyperborea, Spiranthes lacera, and Spiranthes sinensis were germinated in vitro in the presence of compatible fungal species and the resulting colonized protocorms were studied by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and colloidal-gold affinity techniques. Protocorm cells in early stages of colonization contained coils of fungal hyphae (pelotons) separated from host cell cytoplasm by the host plasma membrane and interfacial matrix material. Host cell walls were labelled by the colloidal gold – cellobiohydralase I (CBH-I) complex to detect cellulose and, particularly over the middle lamella, by antibodies that bind to pectins (JIM 5 and JIM 7). A polyclonal antibody that binds to β-1,3-glucans labelled the fungal cell wall heavily. None of the probes, however, labelled the interfacial matrix between the wall of active fungal hyphae and the surrounding plasma membrane. In contrast, the interfacial matrix material that ensheathed collapsing hyphae showed labelling after treatment with JIM 5, the polyclonal antibody, and the CBH-I complex. Labelling of host cell walls and fungal walls was similar to that described for early stages. Keywords: orchids, protocorms, mycorrhizas, affinity gold techniques, interfacial matrix.

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Myronycheva, Olena, Faksawat Poohphajai, Margot Sehlstedt-Persson, Tommy Vikberg, Olov Karlsson, Helmut Junge und Dick Sandberg. „Application of GRAS Compounds for the Control of Mould Growth on Scots Pine Sapwood Surfaces: Multivariate Modelling of Mould Grade“. Forests 10, Nr. 9 (21.08.2019): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10090714.

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Research Highlights: In this study, the Generally Recognised as Safe (GRAS) compounds were applied in order to study mould-fungi growth on dried Scots pine sapwood. Background and Objectives: The transition to the use of more sustainable wood-material may be possible by applying GRAS compounds that can control and prevent contamination by primary colonising mould fungi. Materials and Methods: Kiln-dried sawn timber was treated with three different GRAS compounds, and different fungal inoculation methods applied in order to investigate differences in the development of fungal communities. Results: Substances based on potassium silicate significantly reduced fungal growth and mould contamination on the studied wood surfaces. By combining wood-surface treatments with GRAS compounds, fungal-area size as predictors and mould grade as response, a partial least squares (PLS) model that makes it possible to predict mould grade on wood surfaces was developed. The PLS model is a key component in the development of a smart grading-systems equipped by e.g. high-speed digital cameras for the early detection of fungal attack on wood surfaces in different applications. However, the measurements based on chemical characterisation should be the next step to take in order significantly to enhance the model and increase the range of robust applications. In the current study, a multivariate model describing the influence of each fungal-covering area on mould grade was presented for the first time.

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Sidana, Arushdeep, und Umar Farooq. „Sugarcane Bagasse: A Potential Medium for Fungal Cultures“. Chinese Journal of Biology 2014 (13.03.2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/840505.

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Worldwide, sugarcane industries produce tons of sugarcane bagasse as residual/waste material. This residual material is rich in complex lignocellulosic substances and may be used as a low cost carbon and energy source for the growth of fungal species. The present work was aimed at designing a sugarcane waste-based medium as a substitute for expensive commercial media for growing fungal cultures. Eight species of fungi, namely, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Fusarium sp., and four unidentified species F1, F2, F3, and F5, were grown on the sugarcane bagasse medium which produced remarkable results and competed with standard media like potato dextrose agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar, and cornmeal agar. The designed medium was able to provide nourishment to the fungi as well as prevent the growth of any bacterial or fungal contaminant. The production of spores was more in the sugarcane medium as compared with standard media. Hence, this study led to the discovery of a new and efficient medium for fungal cultures as well as decrease in the waste disposal expenses and efforts.

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Ericsson, Tore, Öje Danell und Bengt Andersson. „Genetic variation of Pinuscontorta var. latifolia breeding material in Sweden“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, Nr. 4 (01.04.1994): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-096.

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Genetic parameters were estimated, using the restricted maximum likelihood method, for 1112 open-pollinated progenies of Pinuscontorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm. plus trees selected from among 83 undisturbed stands in the interior of the Yukon and British Columbia, and five similar stands in Alberta. The progenies were grown in Swedish test plantations. Tree condition, height, and ramicorn whorl frequency were assessed at ages ranging between 8 and 12 years. On the harshest sites, weather and fungal damage, e.g., caused by Gremmeniellaabietina (Lagerb.) Morelet, were also assessed. Categorical data were transformed into values on a normal score scale to improve the efficiency of the evaluation. The genetic coefficients of variation in tree height ranged between 8 and 17%. The heritabilities for tree height, including stand genetic variation, were estimated to range between 0.10 and 0.54. Genetic correlations between tree height and trunk leaning were usually high and positive, as were correlations between height and ramicorn whorl frequency. At one site, heritability estimates for trunk injury and (or) canker and fungal and (or) weather damage were 0.12 and 0.18, respectively.

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Badiee, Parisa. „Evaluation of Human Body Fluids for the Diagnosis of Fungal Infections“. BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/698325.

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Invasive fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Because the etiologic agents of these infections are abundant in nature, their isolation from biopsy material or sterile body fluids is needed to document infection. This review evaluates and discusses different human body fluids used to diagnose fungal infections.

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Chen, Siji, Zhixiao Wang, Yuhan Xia, Bolun Zhang, Huan Chen, Guang Chen und Shanshan Tang. „Porous carbon material derived from fungal hyphae and its application for the removal of dye“. RSC Advances 9, Nr. 44 (2019): 25480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra04648h.

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Ni Mhurchu, Elaine, Javier Ospina, Arif S. Janjua, Jason R. Shewchuk und Alexandra T. Vertinsky. „Fungal Rhinosinusitis: A Radiological Review with Intraoperative Correlation“. Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 68, Nr. 2 (Mai 2017): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2016.12.009.

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The interaction between fungi and the sinonasal tract results in a range of clinical presentations with a broad spectrum of clinical severity. The most commonly accepted classification system divides fungal rhinosinusitis into invasive and noninvasive subtypes based on histopathological evidence of tissue invasion by fungi. Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is subdivided into acute invasive and chronic invasive categories. The chronic invasive category includes a subcategory of chronic granulomatous disease. Noninvasive fungal disease includes localized fungal colonization, fungal ball, and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis. Noninvasive disease is simply fungal material (or the products of the inflammatory reaction of the sinus mucosa) that fills the sinuses but does not invade tissue. Bone loss is related to expansion of the sinus(es). Invasive disease causes tissue destruction, such that it expands past the bony confines of the sinuses. It can rapidly spread, causing acute necrosis. Alternatively, there may be slow tissue invasion characterized by symptoms confused with normal sinusitis, but destruction of normal nasal and paranasal structures.

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Mironov, V. G., S. A. Bannikov und N. V. Boiko. „Informative value of various methods used to study fungi in paranasal sinuses` noninvasive mycosis“. Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, Nr. 3 (15.12.2018): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12274.

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The increase in the number of patients with persistent viral infection, as well as the use of antibacterial drugs, caused the increase in the population of patients with a high risk of developing fungal diseases. In the content of paranasal sinuses, a more than half of the patients with chronic sinusitis showed fungi or fungal-microbial associations. Despite the fact that the epidemiological data in the publications of modern national and foreign researchers on fungal rhinosinusitis are rather discrepant, it is quite decisive that the prevalence of fungal sinusitis has a significant tendency to grow, especially in the last decade. The informativeness of the microscopic, microbiological, and pathomorphological studies of the surgical material with the aim of fungal balls detection. The results contents of paranasal sinuses in 148 patients who had undergone endonasal endoscopic surgical intervention. Computer tomography the maxillary sinus in 113 patients, in the sphenoidal sinus in 25 patients, in the ethmoidal sinus in 7 patients, and in the frontal sinus in 3 patients. With microscopy of native material and preparations stained with white flour white, the presence of fungi is revealed 114 and 136 patients (77 and 91,9%) correspondingly. When sowing the contents of the sinuses onto elective media its cultivation under two temperature conditions (28 and 37оС) revealed growth of filamentous fungi in 26 (17,6%) patients. Histopathological examination confirmed the clinical diagnosis of a fungal ball in 128 (86,5%) patients. The most informative method for detecting the fungal body is the microscopy of preparations stained with white flour white.

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Pastirčáková, Katarína, Helena Ivanová und Martin Pastirčák. „Species diversity of fungi on damaged branches and leaves of ashes (Fraxinus spp.) in different types of stands in Slovakia“. Central European Forestry Journal 64, Nr. 2 (01.06.2018): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2017-0035.

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Abstract The diversity of fungi on branches and leaves of ashes (Fraxinus angustifolia, F. excelsior, F. ornus) in Slovakia was studied. Symptomatic material collected in Slovakia during the period of 2013 to 2017 and herbarium specimens previously collected were examined. In total, 30 fungal taxa (15 Deuteromycetes, 14 Ascomycetes and one Basidiomycetes) were recorded. Twenty-three of them have never been recorded on ashes in the country. The most frequently occurring fungi were Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (anamorph Chalara fraxinea) that causes necrosis of shoots and branches, and Phyllactinia fraxini, a foliar pathogen that causes powdery mildew disease. Fungal diversity on ashes growing in different types of stands was compared. Species richness was the greatest in seed orchards (20 fungal taxa) compared to private gardens, which contained the lowest (two fungal taxa). Species diversity in forest stands comprised 18 fungal taxa and the urban greenery was represented by 10 fungal taxa. Nine fungal taxa were recorded in tree alley along the road. The widest fungal species spectrum was recorded on F. excelsior.

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Tsekova, Kolishka V., Georgi E. Chernev, Alexander E. Hristov und Lyudmila V. Kabaivanova. „Phenol Biodegradation by Fungal Cells Immobilized in Sol-Gel Hybrids“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 68, Nr. 1-2 (01.02.2013): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2013-1-208.

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The capability of cells of the fungus Aspergillus awamori, either free or immobilized in hybrid sol-gel material cells, for phenol biodegradation was demonstrated. Phenol was present in the reaction mixture as the sole carbon and energy source, and its decomposition was followed in repeated batch degradation experiments. Atomic force microscopy provided information on the development of self-organizing structures in the materials synthesized by the sol-gel method. Phenol biodegradation was mediated only by the fungal cells, and no absorption by the hybrid matrix was observed. Ten cycles of phenol biodegradation using the immobilized cells system were conducted during which up to 2000 mg l-1 phenol was completely decomposed. Immobilized cells degraded phenol at 8.33 mg h-1, twice as fast as free cells. The good performance of the immobilized fungal cell system is promising for the development of an efficient technology for treating phenol-containing waste waters

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Zeineddine, Nabil, Wissam Mansour, Sandy El Bitar, Marco Campitelli und Neville Mobarakai. „Fungal Bezoar: A Rare Cause of Ureteral Obstruction“. Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6454619.

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A 52-year-old male, with diabetes mellitus and alcoholic liver disease, presented to the Emergency Room for right flank pain of 3 days’ duration, associated with dysuria. Physical examination revealed right flank tenderness with fever and hypotension; laboratory findings showed acute kidney injury and large blood and leucocytes in the urine. A CT abdomen and pelvis showed hydronephrosis of the right collecting system of a horseshoe kidney with air and hyperdense debris in the renal pelvis. Patient was treated for multisensitive Proteus mirabilis emphysematous pyelonephritis, and a right nephrostomy tube was inserted. Symptoms recurred in 4 weeks, and repeated urine culture grew Candida albicans and CT scan showed same high density material within the right moiety of the horseshoe kidney. Patient underwent ureteroscopy, and a white fluffy material was aspirated from the right renal pelvis. Pathology of the aspirate confirmed the presence of fungal balls. Patient was given 2 weeks of oral fluconazole. Fungal pyelonephritis is unusual and difficult to treat. Candida species is responsible for the clear majority of the cases. A fungus ball should be managed with surgical and medical therapy. This patient had an endoscopic procedure to remove the fungus ball and received fluconazole. His symptoms resolved and urine culture was done before termination of the treatment was negative.

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Westmeier, Dana, Djamschid Solouk-Saran, Cecilia Vallet, Svenja Siemer, Dominic Docter, Hermann Götz, Linda Männ et al. „Nanoparticle decoration impacts airborne fungal pathobiology“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, Nr. 27 (20.06.2018): 7087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804542115.

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Airborne fungal pathogens, predominantly Aspergillus fumigatus, can cause severe respiratory tract diseases. Here we show that in environments, fungal spores can already be decorated with nanoparticles. Using representative controlled nanoparticle models, we demonstrate that various nanoparticles, but not microparticles, rapidly and stably associate with spores, without specific functionalization. Nanoparticle-spore complex formation was enhanced by small nanoparticle size rather than by material, charge, or “stealth” modifications and was concentration-dependently reduced by the formation of environmental or physiological biomolecule coronas. Assembly of nanoparticle-spore surface hybrid structures affected their pathobiology, including reduced sensitivity against defensins, uptake into phagocytes, lung cell toxicity, and TLR/cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses. Following infection of mice, nanoparticle-spore complexes were detectable in the lung and less efficiently eliminated by the pulmonary immune defense, thereby enhancing A. fumigatus infections in immunocompromised animals. Collectively, self-assembly of nanoparticle-fungal complexes affects their (patho)biological identity, which may impact human health and ecology.

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