Thematische Bibliographien / Fungal fiber

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Fungal fiber“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 29. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 2. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Fungal fiber"

Goynes, W. R., B. F. Ingber und D. P. Thibodeaux. „Fungal infection of seed: a source of cotton textile imperfections“. Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (13.08.1995): 976–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100141251.

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Cotton seed develop within a thick-walled boll that is usually divided into three or more compartments called locules. The seed and fibers that grow within a locule are called a lock. An unopen boll is shown in figure 1. The cotton fiber is a single cell and develops from the epidermis of the seed. The cell wall, or primary wall, of the fiber, a complex mixture of cellulose, protein, waxes, pectins, and other plant related materials, elongates for approximately 17-25 days. Completion of this elongation is overlapped by the beginning of secondary wall synthesis which deposits successive layers of cellulose inside the primary wall. This main body of the fiber is composed almost entirely of cellulose. Production of a commercially useful fiber depends on the completion of this secondary wall development since it provides both fiber strength and dyeability. If this growth process is inhibited at any stage, less mature fibers with thin secondary walls are produced, and if it is interrupted before secondary wall production begins, undeveloped fibers are produced that can cause problems during processing into textiles.

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Pickering, K. L., Y. Li, R. L. Farrell und M. Lay. „Interfacial Modification of Hemp Fiber Reinforced Composites Using Fungal and Alkali Treatment“. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 1, Nr. 1 (01.04.2007): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2007.1984.

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Increasing worldwide environmental awareness is encouraging scientific research into developing cheaper, more sustainable materials. Industrial hemp fiber is one of the strongest and stiffest available natural fibers [K. L. Pickering, M. Priest, T. Watts, G. Beckermann, and S. N. Alam, J. Adv. Mater. 37, 15 (2005)] and therefore has great potential in composite materials. Incorporated into a thermoplastic matrix, it gives a structural material that is cheap, lightweight, and recyclable. However, natural fibers are commonly incompatible with common molding thermoplastics such as polypropylene, which limits the performance of the composites produced. The main objective of the current work was to investigate the use of fungi to treat hemp fiber to create better bonding characteristics in natural fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. X-ray diffraction (XRD), ζ-potential, lignin testing, thermal analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the effect of treatment on hemp fibers. A combined alkali and fungi treated fiber composite produced the highest tensile strength of 48.3 MPa, an increase of 32% compared to composites with untreated fiber.

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Cheng, Yi, Xiaoyu Tang, Chunsheng Gao, Zhimin Li, Jia Chen, Litao Guo, Tuhong Wang und Jianping Xu. „Molecular Diagnostics and Pathogenesis of Fungal Pathogens on Bast Fiber Crops“. Pathogens 9, Nr. 3 (18.03.2020): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9030223.

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Bast fibers and products derived from them are undergoing a resurgence in demand in the global market. However, fungal diseases have become an important factor limiting their yield and quality, causing devastating consequences for the production of bast fiber crops in many parts of the world. Thus, there is a high demand for effective control and prevention strategies against fungal pathogens. Having rapid, specific, sensitive, and cost-effective tests that can be used for early and accurate diagnosis of disease agents is an essential step of such strategies. The objective of this study was to review the current status of research on molecular diagnosis of fungal pathogens on bast fiber crops. Our search of PubMed identified nearly 20 genera of fungal pathogens on bast fiber crops, among which the five most common genera were Colletotrichum, Pythium, Verticillium, Fusarium, and Golovinomyces. The gene regions that have been used for molecular identifications of these fungi include internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α), ß-tubulin, calmodulin (CAL), histone subunit 3 (H3), glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), etc. We summarize the molecular assays that have been used to identify these fungi and discuss potential areas of future development for fast, specific, and accurate diagnosis of fungal pathogens on bast fiber crops.

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Kuka, Edgars, Dace Cirule, Janis Kajaks, Anna Janberga, Ingeborga Andersone und Bruno Andersons. „Fungal Degradation of Wood Plastic Composites Made with Thermally Modified Wood Residues“. Key Engineering Materials 721 (Dezember 2016): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.8.

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Wood plastic composites (WPC) are mainly used as an outdoor material, so durability against fungal decay is one of the factors that should be analyzed and if necessary improved. WPC are susceptible to biodegradation, although these materials have limited water absorption because of the wood fiber encapsulation in polymer matrix. In the study two different water pretreatment methods (short-term and long-term) were used to ensure appropriate water content for fungal growth. Also in the paper thermally modified wood (different regimes) fiber influence on WPC fungal resistance is investigated. The results showed that long-term water pretreated WPC specimens had more suitable conditions for fungal degradation that led to higher weight loss. The results which were related to thermally modified wood fibers showed, that WPC with thermally modified wood fibers had improved resistance against fungi. Thermal modification regimes had an effect on WPC durability as well.

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Armstrong, H., R. Valcheva, D. Santer, Z. Zhang, A. Rieger, S. I. Dijk, R. Dickner et al. „A31 COMPLEX ROLE OF DIETARY FIBERS IN IBD: MICROBES MEDIATE FIBER-INDUCED INFLAMMATION“. Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 4, Supplement_1 (01.03.2021): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwab002.030.

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Abstract Background Dietary fibers pass through the bowel undigested and are fermented within the intestine by microbes, typically promoting gut health. However, many IBD patients describe experiencing sensitivity to fibers. β-glucan, found on the surface of fungal cells during fungal infection, has been shown to bind to fiber receptors, such as Dectin-1, on host immune cells, resulting in a pro-inflammatory response. These fungal fibres share properties with dietary fibers. Aims As an altered gut microbial composition has been associated with IBD, we hypothesized that the loss of fiber-fermenting microbes populating the gut in IBD could lead to dietary fibers not being efficiently broken down into their beneficial biproducts (e.g. short chain fatty acids; SCFA), resulting in binding of intact fibers to pro-inflammatory host cell receptors. Methods Immune and epithelial cell lines and colonic biopsies cultured ex vivo were incubated with oligofructose or inulin (5g/L), or pre-fermented fibers (24hr anaerobic fermentation). Immune responses were measured by cytokine secretion (ELISA), and expression (qPCR). Barrier integrity was measured by transepithelial resistance (TEER). Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data of patient fiber consumption were correlated with gut microbes (shotgun sequencing) and immune responses to fiber in patient biopsies. Results Unfermented oligofructose induced IL-1β secretion in leukocytes (macrophage, T cell, neutrophil) and in colon biopsies from pediatric Crohn disease (CD; n=38) and ulcerative colitis (UC; n=20) patients cultured ex vivo, but not in non-IBD patients (n=21). IL-1β secretion was greater in patients with more severe disease. Pre-fermentation of oligofructose by whole-microbe intestinal washes from non-IBD patients or remission patients reduced secretion of IL-1β, while whole microbe intestinal washes from severe IBD patients were unable to ferment oligofructose or reduce cytokine secretion. Fiber effects on IL-1β secretion in biopsies positively correlated with effects on barrier integrity in T84 cells. Fiber-associated immune responses in patient biopsies cultured ex vivo (ELISA) correlated with fiber avoidance (FFQ) and gut microbiome (sequencing) in matching patient samples. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that intolerance and avoidance of prebiotic fibers in select IBD patients is associated with the inability to ferment these fibers, leading to pro-inflammatory immune responses and intestinal barrier disruption. This highlights select disease state scenarios, in which administration of fermentable fibers should be avoided and tailored dietary interventions should be considered in IBD patients. Funding Agencies CIHRWeston Foundation

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Fatriasari, Widya, Wasrin Syafii, Nyoman J. Wistara, Khaswar Syamsu und Bambang Prasetya. „Digestibility of Betung Bamboo Fiber Following Fungal Pretreatment“. Makara Journal of Technology 18, Nr. 2 (21.10.2014): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/mst.v18i2.2941.

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Zheng, Chao, Dongfang Li, Anna Ottenhall und Monica Ek. „Cellulose fiber based fungal and water resistant insulation materials“. Holzforschung 71, Nr. 7-8 (26.07.2017): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2016-0162.

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Abstract The development of thermal insulation materials from sustainable, natural fibrous materials is desirable. In the present study, cellulose fiber based insulation foams made of bleached chemi thermo mechanical pulp (CTMP) have been investigated. To improve water resistance, the foams were impregnated with hydrophobic extractives from the outer bark of birch (Betula verrucosa) and dried. The surface morphology of the foams and the distribution of the deposited particles from the extractives were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The modified foams showed improved water resistance, as they did not disintegrate after immersion in water for 7 days, whereas the unmodified foam did. Compared to the unmodified foam, the modified foams absorbed 50% less moisture within 24 h. The modification had no negative effects on the thermal insulation properties, fungal resistance or compressive strength of the foams. The proposed approach is simple and can be easily integrated into plants working based on the biorefinery concept.

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GA, Mousa. „Fungal Pectinase Production Optimization and its Application in Buffaloe’s Diets Degradation“. International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 3, Nr. 1 (2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000199.

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Pectinase production for improving buffalo’s diets digestion is the main objective of this work. Effects of fungal strains and different cultivation conditions on pectinase production have been studied. In vitro batch culture technique was used for investigate impact of the produced pectinase compared with commercial pectinase (SMIZYME ® ) on rumen fermentation parameters and diet degradation. Penicillium chrysogenum exhibited the highest pectinase activity at 3 days of incubation period , initial pH 4 of the growth medium, yeast extract as a sole nitrogen source and pomegranate peel as a carbon source at a concentration of 15 % (W/V). Three (g/kg) of the both enzymes supplementation significantly increased treated diet’s dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) degradability with increase total gas production ( TGP) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration. The enlargement of pectinase production locally will lead to animal production improvement, encourage self-reliance and reduce the cost of enzymes importation.

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Thygesen, Anders, Geoffrey Daniel, Hans Lilholt und Anne Belinda Thomsen. „Hemp Fiber Microstructure and Use of Fungal Defibration to Obtain Fibers for Composite Materials“. Journal of Natural Fibers 2, Nr. 4 (15.03.2006): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j395v02n04_02.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Fungal fiber"

Mohammadkhani, Ghasem. „Evaluation of Wet Spinning of Fungal and Shellfish Chitosan for Medical Applications“. Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-25537.

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The aim of this project was to address the food waste problem, particularly bread waste, to some extent by producing monofilaments obtained from wet spinning of fungal hydrogel through the cultivation of Rhizopus delemar on bread waste. The project had two phases. Firstly, the possibility of production of chitosan fiber with wet spinning (using different acids) was evaluated, the process was optimized, and then applied to the production of fungal fiber. Regarding first stage of the project, adipic acid, a non-toxic solvent with two carboxyl groups, was used as acting physical crosslinker between the chitosan chains, resulting in improving properties of the monofilaments. Adipic acid performance was compared with conventional solvents, such as citric, lactic, and acetic acids. By injecting chitosan solutions into a coagulation bath (EtOH or NaOH 1M or EtOH-NaOH or H2SO4-EtOH), monofilaments were formed. Scanning electron microscopy showed that uniform chitosan monofilaments with smooth surface were formed using adipic and lactic acids. In general, fibers obtained from adipic acid displayed higher mechanical strength (Young’s modulus of 4.45 GPa and tensile strength of 147.9 MPa) than that of monofilaments produced using conventional solvents. Fiber dewatering with EtOH before drying led to greater fiber diameter and lower mechanical strength. As the second stage of this study, Rhizopus delemar was cultivated on bread waste in shake flasks and 1.3 M3 bioreactor. While different combinations of ground bread and K2HPO4 was used as the substrate for shake flask cultivations, white bread waste without K2HPO4 was utilized for scaling up the process, mostly due to the Glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) content in the fungal cell wall. GlcN and GlcNA content obtained from ground bread was remarkably higher than that of obtained from combinations of ground bread and K2HPO4 as the substrate. Cultivation in 1.3 M3 bioreactor resulted in about 36 kg wet biomass with a mean of 14.88% dry weight, indicating 5.95 g biomass/L. The biomass yield of 0.15 g dry biomass/g dry bread was achieved. Alkali insoluble material (AIM) was obtained by alkali treatment of biomass. Fungal hydrogel was prepared by adding adipic and lactic acid to AIM, followed by grinding treatment. While hydrogels treated with lactic acid showed better spinnability and gelling ability, the one from adipic acid was not uniform to be wet spun. Considering hydrogels treated with lactic acid, the optimum grinding cycle for more spinnable hydrogel was 6 negative cycles, contributing to the fibers with the tensile strength of around 82 MPa. Such fibers showed antibacterial property against Escherichia coli, making them as a good option for suture applications. However, further in vitro and in vivo trials are essential to test the fungal fiber for such applications.

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Shrestha, Prachand. „Enhanced bioprocessing of lignocellulose wood-rot fungal saccharification and fermentation of corn fiber to ethanol /“. [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.

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Tascioglu, Cihat. „Impact of Preservative Treatments and Fungal Exposure on Phenolic Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composite Material Utilized in Wood Reinforcement“. Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/TasciogluC2002.pdf.

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Nair, Ramkumar B. „Integration of first and second generation bioethanol processes using edible filamentous fungus Neurospora intermedia“. Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12436.

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Establishing a commercial, lignocellulose-based, second-generation ethanol process has received several decades of attention by both researchers and industry. However, a fully economically viable process still remains a long-term goal. The main bottleneck to this achievement is the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic feedstocks, although there are several other factors, such as the huge investment required for second-generation ethanol facilities. An intelligent alternative solution discussed in this thesis is an integrated approach using firstgeneration ethanol plants for second-generation processes. Wheat is the major feedstock for first-generation ethanol in Europe; therefore, wheat-based lignocellulose waste, such as wheat straw, bran, and whole stillage fiber (a waste stream from first-generation wheat-based ethanol plants) was the primary focus of the integration model in this thesis. Since the major share of first-generation ethanol plant economics focuses on the animal feed DDGS (Distillers’ dried gains with solubles), the integration of lignocellulose should be designed in order to maintain DDGS quality. An ethanol-producing edible filamentous fungus, Neurospora intermedia, a potential protein source in DDGS, was considered for use as the fermenting microbe. The morphological and physiological aspects of this fungus were studied in the thesis, leading to the first report of fungal pellet development. An alternative approach of using dilute phosphoric acid to pretreat lignocellulose, as it does not negatively affect fungal growth or DDGS quality, was demonstrated in both the laboratory and on a 1m3 pilot scale. Furthermore, the process of hydrolysis of pretreated lignocelluloses and subsequent N. intermedia fermentation on lignocellulose hydrolysate was also optimized in the laboratory and scaled up to 1 m3 using an in-house pilot-scale airlift bioreactor. Fungal fermentation on acid-pretreated and enzyme-hydrolyzed wheat bran, straw and whole stillage fiber resulted in a final ethanol yield of 95%, 94% and 91% of the theoretical maximum based on the glucan content of the substrate, respectively. Integrating the first- and second-generation processes using thin stillage (a waste stream from first-generation wheat-based ethanol plants) enhanced the fungal growth on straw hydrolysate, avoiding the need for supplementing with extra nutrients. Based on the results obtained from this thesis work, a new model for integrated first- and second-generation ethanol using edible filamentous fungi processes that also adds value to animal feed (DDGS) was developed.

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Souza, Gleison de. „Cultivo de fungos basidiomicetos visando aumento na degradabilidade de forrageiras para ruminantes“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-26052017-095240/.

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A inoculação de forrageiras com fungos lignocelulolíticos é uma alternativa para melhorar a qualidade destas sem adição de substâncias químicas. Este projeto visa melhorar a degradabilidade de seis forrageiras: Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. Napier, Panicum maximum cv. Aruana, Cenchrus ciliares cv. Buffel, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e cana-de-açúcar picada por meio do cultivo de quatro fungos do gênero Pleurotus. Outrossim, extrato enzimático, nas concentrações de 2, 4 e 6 mL, produzido pelo fungo P. sajor-caju CCB 020 crescido em vinhaça, durante 6º, 12º e 18º dias, foram aplicados às mesmas forrageiras. As avaliações das dietas foram pela técnica de produção de gases, degradabilidade in vitro e análise bromatológica do substrato. As atividades das enzimas Lacase, Peroxidase, Manganês Peroxidase, Endoglucanase, Exoglucanase e Xilanase foram determinadas, por um período de 24 dias. Os resultados foram estatisticamente avaliados, utilizando SAS® (Statistical Analysis System Inst., Cary, North Carolina). Os fungos crescidos nas forrageiras, produziram enzimas hidrolíticas e oxidativas durante o processo de fermentação, que atuaram na transformação das forrageiras. A quantidade de proteínas aumentou significativamente na cana-de-açúcar picada e capim Buffel, inoculados com os fungos P. ostreatus e P. albidus CCB 068. A forrageira Aruana foi a que melhor respondeu ao tratamento com fungo, sendo que com P. sajor-caju, ao 18º dia de incubação, teve a concentração de acetato 1,24 vezes maior, em relação a amostra controle, e as demais concentrações de AGCC, como propionato e butirato, diminuir e a razão C2:C3 aumentou. A cana-de-açúcar incubada com P. albidus CCB 068, ao 18º dia, diminuiu as concentrações de acetato, propionato e butirato e aumentou a razão C2:C3 em 0,86 - 0,58 - 0,71 - 1,48 vezes, respectivamente. O bagaço inoculado ao 24º dia com P. albidus provocou aumento nas concentrações de acetato, propionato e butirato e diminuição na razão C2:C3, em 1,14 - 1,75 - 1,32 - 0,64 vezes, respectivamente, e com P. ostreatus mostrou o mesmo comportamento. Com os demais tratamentos nenhum efeito significativo foi observado, pelo teste de Tukey a 5%, entretanto ocorre tendência de aumentar a razão C2:C3 com o tratamento com os fungos. Na produção de gases e degradabilidade in vitro das forrageiras, utilizando os extratos enzimáticos, ocorreu aumento com a concentração aplicada. Efeitos significativos foram observados para as forrageiras Brachiaria, Napier e Aruana, já as forrageiras Buffel, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e cana-de-açúcar picada não mostraram diferenças significativas, pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Diferenças nas análises de AGCC não foram significativas, pelo teste de Tukey a 5%, dentro das concentrações ou período de incubação do fungo, nas seis forrageiras, entretanto há uma interação com as atividades das enzimas e pela razão C2:C3 a maior concentração testada de 6 mL, do extrato com o fungo, incubado durante 12º dias, possam ser recomendadas para obtenção de ganho nutricional das dietas. Conclui-se que tanto os fungos inoculados nas forrageiras, como seus extratos enzimáticos foram capazes de modificar a composição bromatológica original das forrageiras. A degradabilidade, ganho nutricional e sustentabilidade ambiental, podem variar substancialmente para os diferentes tipos de forrageiras, espécie de fungo e tempo de incubação. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os Pleurotus, é um fungo apropriado para melhorar o valor nutritivo das forragerias como alimento para ruminates, melhorando a composição bromatoligica, mas também aumentando a degradabilidade
The inoculation of forages with lignocellulolytic fungi is an option for improving quality without adding chemical products. This project aims to improve the degradability of six forages: Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Pennisetum purpureum Schum. Cv. Napier, Panicum maximum cv. Aruana, Cenchrus ciliares cv. Buffel, sugarcane bagasse and chopped sugarcane by cultivating four fungi of the genus Pleurotus. In addition, enzymatic extract, at concentrations of 2, 4 and 6 mL, produced by P. sajor-caju CCB 020, developed in vinasse, during 6, 12 and 18 days were applied to the same forages. The evaluations of the diets were by in vitro technique of gas production and bromatological analysis of the substrate. The activities of the enzymes Lacase, Peroxidase, Manganese Peroxidase, Endoglucanase, Exoglucanase and Xylanase were determined, for a period of 24 days. The results were statistically evaluated by SAS® analysis (Statistical Analysis System Inst., Cary, North Carolina). The fungi grown in the forages, produced hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes during the fermentation process that worked in forage transformation. The amount of proteins increased significantly in the chopped sugarcane and Buffel, inoculated with P. ostreatus and P. albidus CCB 068 fungi. The Aruana grass was the one that responded better to fungi treatments. With P. sajor-caju at the 18th day of incubation, the concentration of acetate was 1.24 times higher than the control sample, and the concentrations of other short chain fatty acids (SCFA), such as propionate and butyrate, tended to decrease and the C2:C3 ratio increased. Sugarcane incubated with P. albidus CCB068 at day 18 decreased acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations and increased the C2:C3 ratio in 0.86, 0.58, and 0.71 - 1.48 fold, respectively. The bagasse inoculated at the 24th day with P. albidus caused an increase in acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations and a decrease in the C2:C3 ratio in 1.14, 1.75, and 1.32 - 0.64 fold, respectively, and with P. ostreatus showed the same behavior. With the other treatments, no significant effect was observed by the Tukey test. However, there is a tendency to increase the C2:C3 ratio with the fungus treatment. In the production of gases and in vitro degradability of forages, using the enzymatic extracts, an increase with the applied concentrations occurred. Significant effects were observed for the Brachiaria forage at 5%, while forage Buffel, sugarcane bagasse and chopped sugarcane did not show significant differences by Tukey\'s test at 5%. Differences in the SCFA analyzes were not significant, by the Tukey\'s test at 5%, within the concentrations or incubation period of the fungus, in the six forages studied. However there is an interaction with the activities of the enzymes and the C2:C3, the highest concentration tested (6 mL) of the fungi extracts, incubated for 12 days, can be recommended to obtain increase in nutritional value of the diets. It is concluded that both the fungi inoculated on the forage and their enzymatic extracts were able to modify the original bromatological composition of the forage. The degradability, increase of nutritional value and environmental sustainability, can vary substantially for different types of forages, species of fungus and incubation time. The results suggest that Pleurotus is an appropriate fungus for improving the nutritive value of forage crops as feed for ruminates, improving the bromatoligic composition, but also enhancing the degradability

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Wang, Pan. „Transcriptomic and metatranscriptomic approaches to characterizing genes coding for fiber digestion within the rumen ecosystem“. Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Biological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3459.

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The rumen microbiome constitutes a unique genetic resource of plant fiber degrading microbial enzymes that could be used for agricultural and industrial purposes. Anaeromyces mucronatus is a poorly characterized anaerobic lignocellulolytic fungus in the rumen. This thesis aimed at better understanding A. mucronatus YE505 and the particle associated rumen microbiota based on transcriptomic and metatranscriptomic approaches. High quality RNA was isolated from the fiber-associated rumen sample based on an improved RNA extraction method. A transcriptomic study was performed to investigate the expression of the fiber degrading system of A. mucronatus YE505, and the functional diversity of the fiber-associated eukaryotes from the rumen of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) was explored by a metatranscriptomic study. Much carbohydrate degradation related protein modules were detected. This study established effective approaches to characterizing the functional contents of rumen eukaryotic microbiome as well as rumen fungi, and identified several candidate genes that merit further investigation.
xiv leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm

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Bijelovic, Jelena. „Identification of mould and blue stain fungi on wood using Polymerase Chain Reaction and Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism“. Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7100.

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Wood inhabiting fungi oposes a great problem for preservation of wooden surfaces everywhere, being the main problem of economic losses of wooden products.

A reference collection consisting of 9 different genus constituting of 21 different strains of wood-inhabiting fungi was used for identification of unknown species of mould and blue stain fungi on wood. The fungus DNA from the samples was isolated from malt extract agar. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) was conducted on rDNA ITS1 and ITS2 regions for amplification of the DNA. The 21 samples were collected to a reference collection for identification of unknown species of fungi on wooden field samples using PCR and T-RFLP (Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism).

PCR-based methods, sequencing and T-RFLP were proven to be simple and

accurate methods for detection and identification of fungi in their early stage.

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Daghino, Stefania. „Rischio amianto nelle Alpi Occidentali : utilizzo di funghi del suolo in processi di biorisanamento di fibre di amianto in un ambiante naturale ; un'analisi integrata chimico-molecolare“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10235.

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L'étude de l'impact des champignons sur les processus géologiques qui altèrent les mineraux s'appelle la “géo-mycologie”. Les serpentinites sont des roches de la famille des ophiolites et peuvent contenir du chrysotile (amiante serpentine). La réactivité des fibres d'amiante est due à la composition chimique de surface et principalement à la présence d'ions métalliques qui peuvent catalyser des réactions chimiques dangereuses. L'amiante est un problème ambiantale à cause de la présence de roches contenant ce minéral mais aussi à cause des anciennes mines d'amiante. La revalorisation (remediation) de ces sites naturellement contaminés passe par la modification de la toxicité des fibres. Les champignons sont des bons candidats pour la bioremediation de l'amiante. L'objectif de cette thèse est l'isolement de souches fongiques à partir de sols serpentiniques afin de savoir quelles sont les espèces fongiques les plus abondantes dans ces sols et de sélectionner les souches les plus efficaces pour leur interaction avec les fibres d'amiantes. Les modifications des fibres et l'altération du métabolisme fongique ont été considérés. Verticillium leptobactrum semble être l'espèce fongique dominante dans tous les sols serpentiniques examinés : cette espèce n'avait jusque là été que rarement isolée, ce qui rend ces résultats intéressants. Trois espèces fongique peuvent extraire Fe et Mg des fibres de amiante (chrysotile et crocidolite), en modifiant la composition et la réactivité chimique de la surface de fibres et la génotoxicité mesuré dans un système acellulaire. Les champignons expriment, en présence des fibres, des enzymes liés à la réponse aux stress oxydants
The interaction of soil fungi with rocks and minerals is called geomycology. Serpentine rocks belong to the ophiolites family and can contain chrysotile (serpentine asbestos). Asbestos fibres reactivity is related to their surface chemical composition, i. G. The presence of iron, catalysing free radicals release, which is harmful for cells and tissues. Asbestos represents an environmental issue, related not only to serpentine rocks naturally exposed and weathered, but also (and mainly) to asbestos mines and wastes. Soil fungi are good candidates for the bioremediation of asbestos rich soils. The main goal of this thesis is the isolation of soil fungi from asbestos rich soils and the selection of the more suitable to interact and modify asbestos fibres in vitro. The metabolic responses of fungi are also investigated. Verticillium leptobactrum is the most abundant specie in all the serpentinic soils considered. This and interesting result, since this specie has bees previously seldom isolated. V. Leptobactrum and other fungal species are able to extract iron and magnesium from chrysotile and crocidolite fibres, modifying their surface chemical composition and reactivity, and their génotoxicity (in acellular experiments). The fungi express anti-oxydant enzymes

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Ambert, Katia. „Étude ultrastructurale de la dégradation des fibres lignocellulosiques par le champignon filamenteux Phlebia radiata“. Grenoble 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10036.

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Phlebia radiata est un basidiomycete du groupe des champignons de la pourriture blanche, seuls microorganismes connus capables de degrader totalement la lignine du bois. A l'aide de la microscopie electronique a transmission associee a des techniques cytochimiques, nous avons pu mettre en evidence differents modes de degradation provoques par le champignon au cours de l'attaque d'echantillons de bouleau et de peuplier: il peut soit attaquer selectivement la lignine, en provoquant un amincissement progressif des parois secondaires des fibres et / ou en degradant les lamelles mitoyennes, soit degrader simultanement tous les constituants du bois, en perforant les parois et / ou en degradant specifiquement la couche s1 de la paroi. Une etude originale utilisant des anticorps diriges contre des lignines synthetiques nous a permis de visualiser la distribution heterogene des lignines au sein des differentes couches des parois cellulaires. Il apparait que la nature de la lignine a une influence sur le type de degradation. P. Radiata produit des enzymes ligninolytiques, lignine-peroxydases, manganese-peroxydases et laccases, que nous avons localisees au cours de la degradation du bois, grace a des marquages immunocytochimiques. Afin de suivre les enzymes ligninolytiques a un stade tres precoce de leur formation, une approche en biologie moleculaire utilisant des sondes arn a ete engagee pour localiser les arnm codant pour une lignine-peroxydase et pour une laccase de p. Radiata. Ce champignon, comme les autres champignons de la pourriture blanche, presente, par sa capacite a delignifier le bois, un interet potentiel pour l'industrie papetiere. Nous avons montre que la mnp isolee provoque une defibrillation de pates kraft ecrues. Par ailleurs, l'ion manganese complexe a un acide organique, agit egalement en defibrillant les pates. Il apparait que le complexe mniii-oxalate est plus efficace que le complexe mniii-pyrophosphate a blanchir la pate kraft

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„The hypolipidemic and antiatherosclerotic effect of fungal polysaccharides“. 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5895813.

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Koon Chi Man.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-174).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgment --- p.i
Abbreviations --- p.ii
Abstract --- p.v
Chinese Abstract --- p.viii
Table of Content --- p.x
Chapter Chapter one: --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Classification of Plant Polysaccharides --- p.2
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Definition of Dietary Fiber --- p.3
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Types of Soluble Dietary Fiber --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Physiological Effect of Fiber --- p.6
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Reduction in Absorption by Viscous Polysaccharides --- p.7
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Gastric Emptying --- p.7
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Effect of Viscous Polysaccharides on Intraluminal Mixing --- p.8
Chapter 1.3.4 --- Effect of Luminal Secretions on Viscosity --- p.9
Chapter 1.4 --- Physicochemical Qualities and Hypocholesterolemic Effects --- p.9
Chapter 1.5 --- Gastrointestinal Events and Hypocholesterolemic Effects --- p.11
Chapter 1.5.1 --- Mouth --- p.11
Chapter 1.5.2 --- Stomach --- p.12
Chapter 1.5.3 --- Small intestine --- p.12
Chapter 1.5.4 --- Large intestine --- p.13
Chapter 1.6 --- Proposed Mechanisms for Hypocholesterolemic Effects --- p.13
Chapter 1.6.1 --- Altered Bile Acid Absorption and Metabolism --- p.14
Chapter 1.6.2 --- Modified Lipid Absorption and Metabolism --- p.15
Chapter 1.6.3 --- Effects of SCFA on Lipid Metabolism --- p.15
Chapter 1.6.4 --- Changed Hormone Concentrations --- p.16
Chapter Chapter Two: --- Materials and Methods --- p.17
Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Fungus --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Animals --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Golden Syrian Hamster --- p.17
Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Rabbit --- p.18
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Characterization of Auricularia Polytricha --- p.18
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Chromatographic materials --- p.22
Chapter 2.1.5 --- "Determination of Plasma TC，HDL-C, LDL-C，TG，AST and ALT" --- p.24
Chapter 2.1.6 --- HMG-CoA Reductase Activity Assay --- p.26
Chapter 2.1.7 --- "Quantitative Determination of Liver Cholesterol, Acidic and Neutral Sterol" --- p.27
Chapter 2.1.8 --- Animal Diets --- p.29
Chapter 2.1.8.1 --- Hamster Diets --- p.29
Chapter 2.1.8.2 --- Rabbit Diets --- p.29
Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.33
Chapter 2.2.1. --- Extraction of Water-Soluble AP Polysaccharide (APP) --- p.33
Chapter 2.2.2. --- Characterization of Auricularia Polytricha --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Determination of carbohydrate content of AP Polysaccharide --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Determination of uronic acid content of AP Polysaccharide --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Determination of protein content of AP Polysaccharide by BCA protein assay --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Determination of component sugar units of AP Polysaccharide --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Fractionation of AP Polysaccharide --- p.36
Chapter 2.2.2.6 --- Determination of monosaccharides of AP Polysaccharide by HPLC --- p.37
Chapter 2.2.3 --- "Determination of plasma TC, HDL-C, LDL-C,TG,AST and ALT" --- p.39
Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Plasma Total Cholesterol --- p.39
Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Plasma HDL-Cholesterol --- p.40
Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Plasma LDL-Cholesterol --- p.40
Chapter 2.2.3.4 --- Plasma Triglyceride --- p.41
Chapter 2.2.3.5 --- Plasma Aspartate Aminotransferase --- p.41
Chapter 2.2.3.6 --- Plasma Alanine Aminotransferase --- p.42
Chapter 2.2.4 --- HMG-CoA Reductase Activity Assay --- p.42
Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Preparation of Hepatic Microsome --- p.42
Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- HMG-CoA Activity Assay --- p.43
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Quantitative Determination of Liver Cholesterol --- p.44
Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Cholesterol Extraction and its Silylation --- p.44
Chapter 2.2.5.2 --- GLC Analysis of TMS-Ether Derivative of Cholesterol --- p.45
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Quantitative Determination of Neutral and Acidic Sterols --- p.45
Chapter 2.2.6.1 --- Separation of Neutral and Acidic Sterols --- p.45
Chapter 2.2.6.2 --- Conversion of Neutral Sterols to its TMS-Ether Derivative --- p.46
Chapter 2.2.6.3 --- Conversion of Acidic Sterols to its TMS-Ether Derivatives --- p.46
Chapter 2.2.6.4 --- GLC Analysis of Neutral and Acidic Sterols --- p.47
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Study of Atherosclerosis of Rabbit --- p.48
Chapter 2.2.7.1 --- Sudan III staining of the thoracic aorta --- p.48
Chapter 2.2.7.2 --- Measurement of atheroma formation in the aorta --- p.49
Chapter 2.2.8 --- Animal Experiments --- p.51
Chapter 2.2.8.1 --- Protective Effect of APP in Hyperlipidemic Study (Exp. 1) --- p.51
Chapter 2.2.8.2 --- Therapeutic Effect of APP in Hyperlipidemic Study (Exp. 2) --- p.52
Chapter 2.2.8.3 --- Dose Response of APP in Hyperlipidemic Study (Exp. 3) --- p.52
Chapter 2.2.8.4 --- Hypolipidemic Effect of Short Chain Fatty Acid (Exp. 4) --- p.53
Chapter 2.2.8.5 --- Effect of APP and SCFA on HMG-CoA Reductase Activity (Exp5） --- p.53
Chapter 2.2.8.6 --- Hypolipidemic and Anti-atherosclerotic Effect of APP (Exp. 6) ´Ø… --- p.54
Chapter 2.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.54
Chapter Chapter Three: --- Fractionation and Characterization of Auricularia Polytricha Polysaccharide --- p.55
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.55
Chapter 3.2 --- Fungal polysaccharides from Auricularia Polytricha --- p.55
Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.57
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Extraction and Fractionation of Auricularia Polytricha --- p.57
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Determination of Carbohydrates Content --- p.58
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Determination of Protein Content --- p.61
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Determination of Uronic Acid Content --- p.61
Chapter 3.3.5 --- Determination of component sugars of AP Polysaccharide --- p.65
Chapter 3.3.6 --- Fractionation of AP Polysaccharide --- p.67
Chapter 3.3.7 --- Determination of monosaccharide components of AP Polysaccharide by HPLC --- p.72
Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.79
Chapter Chapter Four: --- "Protective, Therapeutic and Dose Effect of Auricularia Polytricha Polysaccharide (APP) on Hyperlipidemia" --- p.83
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.83
Chapter 4.2 --- Results (Exp. 1) --- p.86
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Body Weight and Food Intake --- p.86
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Effect of APP Supplementation on Hepatic Cholesterol --- p.86
Chapter 4.2.3 --- "Effect of APP Supplementation on Plasma TC, HDL-C and TG" --- p.87
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Effect of APP Supplementation on Fecal Output of Neutral Sterols --- p.94
Chapter 4.2.5 --- Effect of APP Supplementation on Fecal Output of Acidic Sterols --- p.94
Chapter 4.3 --- Discussion (Exp. 1) --- p.99
Chapter 4.4 --- Results (Exp. 2) --- p.102
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Body Weight and Food Intake --- p.102
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effect of APP Supplementation on Hepatic Cholesterol --- p.102
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Effect of APP Supplementation on Plasma TC and TG --- p.103
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Effect of APP Supplementation on Plasma HDL-C and LDL-C --- p.104
Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion (Exp. 2) --- p.109
Chapter 4.6 --- Results (Exp. 3) --- p.111
Chapter 4.6.1 --- Body Weight and Food Intake --- p.111
Chapter 4.6.2 --- Dose Response of APP Supplementation on Hepatic Cholesterol --- p.111
Chapter 4.6.3 --- Dose Response of APP Supplementation on Plasma TG --- p.112
Chapter 4.6.4 --- Dose Response of APP Supplementation on Plasma HDL-C and LDL-C --- p.112
Chapter 4.6.5 --- Dose Response of APP Supplementation on ALT and AST Activity --- p.113
Chapter 4.6.6 --- Dose Response of APP Supplementation on Fecal Output of Neutral and Acidic Sterols --- p.113
Chapter 4.7 --- Discussion --- p.121
Chapter Chapter Five: --- Hypolipidemic Effect of Short Chain Fatty Acids --- p.123
Chapter 5.1 --- "Introduction (Exp. 4,5)" --- p.123
Chapter 5.2 --- "Results (Exp. 4,5)" --- p.125
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Body Weight and Food Intake --- p.125
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Effect of SCFA Supplementation on Hepatic Cholesterol --- p.125
Chapter 5.2.3 --- "Effect of SCFA Supplementation on Plasma TG, HDL-C and LDL-C" --- p.128
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Effect of SCFA Supplementation on AST and ALT Activity --- p.128
Chapter 5.2.5 --- Effect of SCFA supplementation on HMG-CoA Reductase Activity --- p.133
Chapter 5.3 --- "Discussion (Exp. 4,5)" --- p.135
Chapter Chapter Six: --- Hypolipidemic and Antiatherosclerotic Effect of APP --- p.137
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction (Exp. 6) --- p.137
Chapter 6.2 --- Results (Exp. 6) --- p.139
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Body Weight and Food Intake --- p.139
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Effect of APP Supplementation on Hepatic Cholesterol --- p.139
Chapter 6.2.3 --- "Effect of APP Supplementation on Plasma TG, HDL- and LDL-C" --- p.141
Chapter 6.2.3 --- Effect of APP Supplementation on AST and ALT Activity --- p.142
Chapter 6.2.5 --- Effect of APP supplementation on HMG-CoA Reductase Activity --- p.146
Chapter 6.2.6 --- Effect of APP supplementation on the Formation of Atheroma --- p.146
Chapter 6.3 --- Discussion (Exp. 6) --- p.151
Chapter Chapter Seven: --- General Discussion and Future Perspectives --- p.153
References --- p.158

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Bücher zum Thema "Fungal fiber"

López, Juan Luis. Effect of moisture, temperature, ultraviolet light exposure and fungal decay on durability of natural fibre plastic composites. 2004.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Fungal fiber"

Schülein, Martin, M. S. Kauppinen, L. Lange, S. F. Lassen, L. N. Andersen, S. Klysner und J. B. Nielsen. „Characterization of Fungal Cellulases for Fiber Modification“. In ACS Symposium Series, 66–74. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0687.ch006.

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Divya und Shashank Mishra. „Fungal Production of Dietary Fibers“. In Fungal Biology, 19–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64406-2_2.

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Pickering, K. L., Y. Li und R. L. Farrell. „Fungal and Alkali Interfacial Modification of Hemp Fibre Reinforced Composites“. In Advances in Composite Materials and Structures, 493–96. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-427-8.493.

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Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY) is a by-product in the form of cellulose polymers produced by bacteria in the kombucha fermentation process. Until now, SCOBY products still have application limitations. Several world designers have succeeded in making works using fabrics based on SCOBY. The resulting fabric has a flexible texture and is brown like synthetic leather. Fabrics based on SCOBY are also considered cheap and more environmentally friendly with short production time. The use of SCOBY as a fabric base material still has problems, where the fabric produced from SCOBY kombucha, directly through the drying process, has the characteristic of being very easy to absorb water. Another problem is that SCOBY production in the kombucha fermentation process is difficult to achieve a uniform thickness and SCOBY production in a large surface area is also difficult to stabilize. The development of SCOBY into cellulose fibers can be done by first changing the structure of SCOBY into nanocellulose. This nanocellulose production can then be developed into nanocellulose fibers in the form of threads and then spun to become a complete fabric. The production of nanocellulose is carried out using cellulase enzymes. It is known that cellulase enzymes can be obtained through the growth of bacteria or specific fungi. One of the groups of fungi and bacteria commonly used to produce cellulase enzymes are Trichoderma and Bacillus.

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This chapter explores the structural, psychological, and socioemotional factors in innovation in a funeral home in Mexico and analyzes the firm's stage in the innovation process. This qualitative study examines socioemotional wealth through the FIBER dimensions and the stage in the innovation process through the Readiness for Innovation in Family Firms (RIFF) framework. The findings suggest that socioemotional wealth has not allowed the implementation of governmental bodies. The existence of two generations in management has allowed the firm to take advantage of the knowledge and experience of the old generation and the skills of the young generation to continue innovating in products, processes, and services. The firm has the willingness and ability to adopt innovation, although SEW's accumulated endowment has limited long-term innovations as the expansion of the business to other states. This chapter addresses the Arriaga Group case study, a well-known family business firm in Hidalgo, Mexico.

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The article deals with the measurement of the antimicrobial activity for some natural dyes against various types of microbes as (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomons aeruginosa), Using nano materials for some metals or its oxides as titanium oxide for treatment of fabrics before dyeing, these materials were fixed on the fiber by chemical bonds to acquire new properties as antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi and also to protect from ultra violet rays. Using a traditional and microwave heating for extraction of dyes and dyeing methods because microwave heating is a more effective method than traditional heating. Other additional features are that, they are cheaper, more economical, eco-friendly, and produce a higher dye uptake as compared to conventional techniques, environmentally friendly pre-treatment by chitosan before dyeing in order to obtain dyed fabric with high quality and more protected against microbes. Application of antimicrobial agents in the development in the textiles as chitosan, qutenary ammonium salt and neem.

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Green thermal insulation materials are ecological materials with hemp, linen, jute, wood waste, maize starch, and other types of waste added to polymer-based composites. Such kind of materials are susceptible to the microbial action which can lead to changes of physico-chemical properties of materials, their destruction and also health problems in humans. Here, we isolated and identified several fungal strains that grow on fibre hemp shive based materials. Three isolates were identified as belonging to Trichoderma (Hypocrea) genus. Our further experiments will be concentrated on the monitoring of growth of newly isolated fungi on and/or inside the materials of interest, isolation and characterisation of the hydrolytic enzymes as well as following the mode of material destruction caused by the fungal growth.

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Squid are the fastest aquatic invertebrates through jetting locomotion. This done through a mantle that quickly compresses an internal fluid, forcing fluid out through a funnel. The squid mantle has a complex collagen fiber and muscular system and squid propulsion is primarily done through circumferential muscles (90°) contracting around the mantel, forcing fluid out of the mantel. However, jetting is also increased through elastic energy stored in the helically-wound IM-1 collagen fibers, which have been measured between 28° to 32° in different species of squid. Inspired by the muscular and collagen fiber configuration found in the squid mantel, new composite pumps with active fibers oriented at precise angles around a cylindrical tube are proposed. An analytical model of the active fiber composite pump is developed. Results show that maximum pumping power and efficiency is achieved with a wind angle of 90° and a matrix modulus that is equal to the fiber modulus.

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Pitois, S., und M. Haelterman. „Optical fiber polarization funnel“. In Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/nlgw.2001.mc79.

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Podkoscienlny, W., J. Wojcik, A. Gorgol und Z. Drabik. „Conical Shape Funnel-Coater For Coating Of Optical Fibers With Protection Layers“. In Optical Fibers and Their Applications V, herausgegeben von Ryszard S. Romaniuk und Mieczyslaw Szustakowski. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.952952.

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Hossfeld, Roderick J., David A. Craig und Roger A. Barnum. „What You Need to Know to Reliably Handle Waste Coal“. In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-155.

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Many power producers have been designing for, or switching to waste coal. A major consideration when dealing with waste coal is the design of the fuel handling system. Since waste coal is typically finer and more cohesive and therefore harder to handle in silos, bunkers, chutes and feeders, design of the handling system for reliable, non-stagnant flow is essential. This paper describes a systematic approach to designing and retrofitting handling systems to avoid bulk solids flow problems. Potential trouble areas such as coal hoppers, silos, bunkers, and transfer chutes are discussed. Mass flow and funnel flow patterns that develop in silos and bunkers are presented. Funnel flow results in large stagnant regions, which are a major problem for coals that combust easily and are prone to problems such as arching and ratholing. Mass flow patterns, which eliminate the stagnant coal regions, are also explained. Coal properties and bunker designs that result in mass flow and funnel flow are described. Transfer chute design techniques to avoid pluggages, reduce dusting, and minimize chute wear are discussed. The Panther Creek Energy facility in Nesquehoning, Pennsylvania is used as an example where solids flow handling methodologies were used to solve handling problems with anthracite culm. The modifications presented were required for reliable, stagnant-free coal flow, which prevented belt slippage and high belt loading on gravimetric feeders.

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Epishkina, J. M. „FUNGI CELLULASES FOR CRUDE FIBRE REDUCTION IN PLANT RAW MATERIALS“. In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/6.2/s25.028.

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Chow, Ming-Jay, Jarred Raymund Mondonedo und Katherine Yanhang Zhang. „Quantifying the Structural and Mechanical Changes in Elastase Degraded Arteries as an In Vitro Model of Aortic Aneurysm“. In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53576.

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Common characteristics of aortic aneurysm include loss of elastin/smooth muscle cells, increase in fibrillary collagen, and increase in artery diameter [5]. Because of the high mortality rate of aneurysm rupture, it is desirable to be able to predict when a patient should have surgery to repair the dilated tissue. Current clinical practices involve predicting aneurysm rupture based on artery expansion rate and diameter. However, other parameters such as wall stiffness and peak wall stress may offer better predictions as to when an aneurysm will fail [8]. Previous studies have investigated the differences in elastin and collagen content of abdominal aortic tissue with and without abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) [1]. In another study, human aortic aneurysm tissue was tested in a biaxial tensile tester and the resulting stress strain curves were fitted using Fung type exponential strain energy function [7]. More extensive modeling of aneurysm tissue has been done by modifying the Holzapfel model to incorporate a parameter that characterizes the tissue weakening before the failure of the inner elastic laminae, ground matrix, or collagen fibers themselves [6]. Previous studies have found compositional and mechanical differences between aneurysm and healthy tissue. In addition, good structurally based models for arteries that are developing aneurysm exist but these are mostly theoretical [6]. In order to improve aneurysm rupture prediction techniques, a better understanding of how structural changes affect the mechanical properties of the artery is necessary.

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