Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Fungal diseases of plants“
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1
Giraud, T., J. Enjalbert, E. Fournier, F. Delmotte und C. Dutech. „Population genetics of fungal diseases of plants“. Parasite 15, Nr. 3 (September 2008): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2008153449.
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Cornelissen, BJC, und L. S. Melchers. „Strategies for Control of Fungal Diseases with Transgenic Plants“. Plant Physiology 101, Nr. 3 (01.03.1993): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.101.3.709.
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Pujari, Jagadeesh D., Rajesh Yakkundimath und Abdulmunaf S. Byadgi. „Image Processing Based Detection of Fungal Diseases in Plants“. Procedia Computer Science 46 (2015): 1802–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.02.137.
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Olson, Åke, und Jan Stenlid. „Pathogenic fungal species hybrids infecting plants“. Microbes and Infection 4, Nr. 13 (November 2002): 1353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1286-4579(02)00005-9.
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AVAN, Meltem. „Important Fungal Diseases in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Their Control“. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 2, Nr. 1 (30.06.2021): 239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46592/turkager.2021.v02i01.019.
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Aromatic plants constitute the main raw materials of the perfumery, food and cosmetics industry and in recent years with the increasing demand for therapeutic herbal medicines, interest in medicinal and aromatic plants has increased. Raw materials from medicinal and aromatic plants have recently begun to be used and spread in the food sector, especially in industrial sectors such as paint and perfumery. For this reason, growing healthy plant material is very important in terms of the protection of these crops. However, fungal diseases such as root rot, wilt, leaf spots, blight and anthracnose, which are problems during the cultivation of both medicinal and aromatic plants, negatively affect both the quantity and quality of these plants. For this reason, an integrated management practices including cultural measures, herbal products, biological control and, if necessary, chemical control methods with especially these fungal diseases are very important. In this review, 27 medicinal and aromatic plants, 37 fungal diseases, their chemical and biological control were included, and 161 references were used.
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Mekapogu, Manjulatha, Jae-A. Jung, Oh-Keun Kwon, Myung-Suk Ahn, Hyun-Young Song und Seonghoe Jang. „Recent Progress in Enhancing Fungal Disease Resistance in Ornamental Plants“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 15 (26.07.2021): 7956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157956.
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Fungal diseases pose a major threat to ornamental plants, with an increasing percentage of pathogen-driven host losses. In ornamental plants, management of the majority of fungal diseases primarily depends upon chemical control methods that are often non-specific. Host basal resistance, which is deficient in many ornamental plants, plays a key role in combating diseases. Despite their economic importance, conventional and molecular breeding approaches in ornamental plants to facilitate disease resistance are lagging, and this is predominantly due to their complex genomes, limited availability of gene pools, and degree of heterozygosity. Although genetic engineering in ornamental plants offers feasible methods to overcome the intrinsic barriers of classical breeding, achievements have mainly been reported only in regard to the modification of floral attributes in ornamentals. The unavailability of transformation protocols and candidate gene resources for several ornamental crops presents an obstacle for tackling the functional studies on disease resistance. Recently, multiomics technologies, in combination with genome editing tools, have provided shortcuts to examine the molecular and genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying fungal disease resistance, ultimately leading to the subsequent advances in the development of novel cultivars with desired fungal disease-resistant traits, in ornamental crops. Although fungal diseases constitute the majority of ornamental plant diseases, a comprehensive overview of this highly important fungal disease resistance seems to be insufficient in the field of ornamental horticulture. Hence, in this review, we highlight the representative mechanisms of the fungal infection-related resistance to pathogens in plants, with a focus on ornamental crops. Recent progress in molecular breeding, genetic engineering strategies, and RNAi technologies, such as HIGS and SIGS for the enhancement of fungal disease resistance in various important ornamental crops, is also described.
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Mourou, Marwa, Maria Luisa Raimondo, Francesco Lops und Antonia Carlucci. „Brassicaceae Fungal Diseases: Molecular Detection and Host–Plant Interaction“. Plants 12, Nr. 5 (24.02.2023): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12051033.
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Brassicaceae plants cover a large number of species with great economic and nutritional importance around the world. The production of Brassica spp. is limited due to phytopathogenic fungal species causing enormous yield losses. In this scenario, precise and rapid detection and identification of plant-infecting fungi are essential to facilitate the effective management of diseases. DNA-based molecular methods have become popular methods for accurate plant disease diagnostics and have been used to detect Brassicaceae fungal pathogens. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays including nested, multiplex, quantitative post, and isothermal amplification methods represent a powerful weapon for early detection of fungal pathogens and preventively counteract diseases on brassicas with the aim to drastically reduce the fungicides as inputs. It is noteworthy also that Brassicaceae plants can establish a wide variety of relationships with fungi, ranging from harmful interactions with pathogens to beneficial associations with endophytic fungi. Thus, understanding host and pathogen interaction in brassica crops prompts better disease management. The present review reports the main fungal diseases of Brassicaceae, molecular methods used for their detection, review studies on the interaction between fungi and brassicas plants, and the various mechanisms involved including the application of omics technologies.
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Su, Lv, Lifan Zhang, Duoqian Nie, Eiko E. Kuramae, Biao Shen und Qirong Shen. „Bacterial Tomato Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Invasion Modulates Rhizosphere Compounds and Facilitates the Cascade Effect of Fungal Pathogen Fusarium solani“. Microorganisms 8, Nr. 6 (27.05.2020): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060806.
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Soil-borne pathogen invasions can significantly change the microbial communities of the host rhizosphere. However, whether bacterial Ralstonia solanacearum pathogen invasion influences the abundance of fungal pathogens remains unclear. In this study, we combined high-throughput sequencing, qPCR, liquid chromatography and soil culture experiments to analyze the rhizosphere fungal composition, co-occurrence of fungal communities, copy numbers of functional genes, contents of phenolic acids and their associations in healthy and bacterial wilt-diseased tomato plants. We found that R. solanacearum invasion increased the abundance of the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium solani. The concentrations of three phenolic acids in the rhizosphere soil of bacterial wilt-diseased tomato plants were significantly higher than those in the rhizosphere soil of healthy tomato plants. In addition, the increased concentrations of phenolic acids significantly stimulated F. solani growth in the soil. Furthermore, a simple fungal network with fewer links, nodes and hubs (highly connected nodes) was found in the diseased tomato plant rhizosphere. These results indicate that once the symptom of bacterial wilt disease is observed in tomato, the roots of the wilt-diseased tomato plants need to be removed in a timely manner to prevent the enrichment of other fungal soil-borne pathogens. These findings provide some ecological clues for the mixed co-occurrence of bacterial wilt disease and other fungal soil-borne diseases.
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Taylor, Philip N. „Inducible Systemic Resistance to Bacterial and Fungal Diseases in Plants“. Outlook on Agriculture 16, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1987): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708701600408.
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Plants, like animals, have resistance mechanisms which are activated only by inoculation with a pathogen. The activated resistance mechanism, initiated by a local infection, can be active throughout the whole plant, protecting it from disease for the remainder of its life. The induction of such latent resistance mechanisms may provide a new strategy for disease control in the future.
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WANI, Shabir Hussain. „Inducing Fungus-Resistance into Plants through Biotechnology“. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 2, Nr. 2 (13.06.2010): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb224594.
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Plant diseases are caused by a variety of plant pathogens including fungi, and their management requires the use of techniques like transgenic technology, molecular biology, and genetics. There have been attempts to use gene technology as an alternative method to protect plants from microbial diseases, in addition to the development of novel agrochemicals and the conventional breeding of resistant cultivars. Various genes have been introduced into plants, and the enhanced resistance against fungi has been demonstrated. These include: genes that express proteins, peptides, or antimicrobial compounds that are directly toxic to pathogens or that reduce their growth in situ; gene products that directly inhibit pathogen virulence products or enhance plant structural defense genes, that directly or indirectly activate general plant defense responses; and resistance genes involved in the hypersensitive response and in the interactions with virulence factors. The introduction of the tabtoxin acetyltransferase gene, the stilbene synthase gene, the ribosome-inactivation protein gene and the glucose oxidase gene brought enhanced resistance in different plants. Genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes such as chitinase and glucanase, which can deteriorate fungal cell-wall components, are attractive candidates for this approach and are preferentially used for the production of fungal disease-resistant plants. In addition to this, RNA-mediated gene silencing is being tried as a reverse tool for gene targeting in plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens. In this review, different mechanisms of fungal disease resistance through biotechnological approaches are discussed and the recent advances in fungal disease management through transgenic approach are reviewed.
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El-Baky, Nawal Abd, und Amro Abd Al Fattah Amara. „Recent Approaches towards Control of Fungal Diseases in Plants: An Updated Review“. Journal of Fungi 7, Nr. 11 (25.10.2021): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7110900.
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Recent research demonstrates that the number of virulent phytopathogenic fungi continually grows, which leads to significant economic losses worldwide. Various procedures are currently available for the rapid detection and control of phytopathogenic fungi. Since 1940, chemical and synthetic fungicides were typically used to control phytopathogenic fungi. However, the substantial increase in development of fungal resistance to these fungicides in addition to negative effects caused by synthetic fungicides on the health of animals, human beings, and the environment results in the exploration of various new approaches and green strategies of fungal control by scientists from all over the world. In this review, the development of new approaches for controlling fungal diseases in plants is discussed. We argue that an effort should be made to bring these recent technologies to the farmer level.
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Różewicz, Marcin, Marta Wyzińska und Jerzy Grabiński. „The Most Important Fungal Diseases of Cereals—Problems and Possible Solutions“. Agronomy 11, Nr. 4 (09.04.2021): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040714.
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The level of cereal yields and the quality of these yields depend, to a large extent, on a crop management system, the genetic potential of a given cultivar, but also on factors that may cause damage to plants or a reduction in yield. Such factors include fungal diseases of cereals, which may cause a reduction in yield by 15–20%, and in extreme cases even by 60%. The main factors determining the occurrence of these pathogens are the weather conditions during the growing season of plants, crop rotation, the previous crop, the soil tillage system, and nitrogen fertilisation. Fungal diseases of cereals limit plant growth and development, as well as reduce grain yield and quality. This paper reviews the literature on fungal diseases of cereals.
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Mazur, S., J. Nawrocki und J. Kućmierz. „Fungal diseases of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivated in the south region of Poland“. Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (31.12.2017): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10483-pps.
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The investigations carried out in the last years showed that weather conditions were conductive to growth of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Poland. Our experiments started since 2000 on two cultivars Myles and Sanford. Evans replaced cv. Sanford in second year. The results pointed to the cv. Myles as generally healthiest and the percentage of infested plants was 3.2% in the first year and 0.92% in the next year. The experiment showed that the most important threats for plants during vegetation season were fungi from the genus Fusarium and Rhizoctonia solani, isolated most often from roots. The basal parts of the stems affected mainly Alternaria genus. Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium avenaceum and Alternaria sp. attack most frequently pods and seeds.
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Kurkina, Yuliya. „Fungal diseases of perennial legumes herbs in Belgorod“. Adaptive Fodder Production 2022, Nr. 2 (12.09.2022): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2022-2-15-20.
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We analyzed soil samples and symptoms of mycoses of red clover, goat's rue, alfalfa, birds-foot trefoil, sandy sainfoin in the phase of budding-beginning of flowering of plants against a natural infectious background in small-plot experiments in the territory of the botanical garden of the National Research University "BelSU" (Belgorod, RF). As a result, a series of decrease in the number of propagules of soil microscopic fungi (thousand CFU/g) was compiled: alfalfa (27.8 ± 4.01) – birds-foot trefoil (23.5 ± 2.25) – sainfoin (18.3 ± 1.67) – clover (17.3 ± 2.43) – goat's rue (13.7 ± 1.21) – fallow (12.3 ± 1.73). The number of micromycete species in the fallow soil was 38, and 9–22 species decreased in the grass rhizosphere. On red clover plants, powdery mildew was recorded with an intensity of development and spread of 64% and 75%, respectively, with a shortage of green mass productivity of more than 50%. The loss of green mass productivity in clover Alternariosis was 81%. Rust of alfalfa, birds-foot and sainfoin led to losses in the productivity of green mass up to 14% and was noted with a prevalence of 20%. Symptoms of purple rhizoctoniosis, fusarium root rot, black mold, downy mildew, and yellow spot were also recorded. More than 80% of phytopathogenic fungi are representatives of the leaf-stem group, the rest are of the root-tuber group.
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Darge, Wendu A., und Samuel S. Woldemariam. „Botryosphaeria Tree Fungal Pathogens and Their Diversity“. International Journal of Phytopathology 10, Nr. 1 (30.04.2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.010.01.3447.
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The genus Botryosphaeria identified in 1863 as saprophytes of dead tissue of woody plants have been described as pathogens of economically important plantation trees in agriculture and native forests. The genus is a species-rich, worldwide distributed occurring on diverse host ranges. Species of the Botryosphaeria are reported as the pathogens of many plantation trees, including species of Acacia, Eucalyptus, and Pinus causing canker and rapid dieback diseases which often end up in death. Botryosphaeria fungal pathogens have cross pathogenicity on different host tree species which enables them important and focus area of research. The taxonomy of Botryosphaeria spp. have been under research, identification of these fungi has generally been based on morphological features of the anamorph that usually seen under the microscope. Characters that are used to classify genera in the Botryosphaeria have mostly relied on the macroscopic features of the ascospores and the conidial features. Currently, molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing involving amplification of ITS region are important for exact identification of the genera to species level. Recent molecular, phylogenetic and morphological findings showed that order Botryosphaeriales is diverse consisting nine families and 33 genera with 23 genera only in the family Botryosphaeriaceae. Botryosphaeria spp. are naturally endophytes associated with tree plants known to cause monocyclic or polycyclic diseases resulting in polyetic epidemics. The factor that makes plants more prone to Botryosphaeria fungal species is assumed to be stress or wounding associated with the host plants. Global climate change driven drought is an important factor that initiate stress resulting in nutrient deficiencies. Botryosphaeria fungal tree diseases can be best managed by ensuring plants are in optimal health through appropriate integration of cultural, silvicultural and fungicidal applications to effectively prevent and control the diseases.
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Rahman, MA, ZR Moni, MA Hussen und TH Ansari. „Prevalence Of Fungal Diseases In Medicinal Plants In Northern Region Of Bangladesh“. SAARC Journal of Agriculture 17, Nr. 2 (03.02.2020): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v17i2.45306.
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A season wise survey was conducted on the fungal diseases of some important cultivated medicinal plants in two consecutive years 2014 and 2015 in the northern region of Bangladesh. Eleven fungal diseases namely root rot (Fusarium solani) and leaf blight (Alternaria alternata) of Ashwagandha, leaf spot (Curvularia lunata) and collar rot (Fusarium oxysporium) of Alovera, powdery mildew (Erysiphe sp.) and root rot (Fusarium oxysporium) of Tulsi, collar rot (Fusarium oxysporium) and leaf spot (Collettotrichum gloeosporioides) of Kalmegh, tuberous rot (Fusarium solani) and stem rot (Fusarium oxysporium) of Satamuli, and root rot (Fusarium solani) of Basak were recorded. Most of the diseases were found in the rainy season’s comparative to other seasons. Among all the above-mentioned diseases, the powdery mildew (Erysiphe sp.) of Tulsi was found mainly in winter season. With the spreading of these fungal diseases on medicinal plants could be a set back to the industry associated with the formulation of its medicinal products. Therefore, this work may encourage other researchers to study these diseases further for development of proper management.
SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 197-212 (2019)
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Braithwaite, M., C. F. Hill, S. Ganev, J. M. Pay, H. G. Pearson und B. J. R. Alexander. „A survey of subtropical nursery plants for fungal diseases in Northland“. New Zealand Plant Protection 59 (01.08.2006): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2006.59.4449.
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During 2003 and 2004 fortyfive randomly selected wholesale and retail plant nurseries were surveyed for plant diseases The plant families Agavaceae Annonaceae Arecaceae Bromeliaceae Cycadaceae and Musaceae were targeted Plants were examined in situ for disease symptoms as well as samples being collected for laboratory analyses Fungi were identified using morphological characteristics and where necessary with molecular techniques The survey resulted in a range of fungi being identified from the target plants These fungi ranged from saprophytes to plant pathogens some of which may have undesirable effects on New Zealands biodiversity or economy Many new host/pathogen records were observed and several fungi were detected for the first time in New Zealand This paper presents and discusses the results of these findings
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Ijaz, Sara, Uswa Maryam und Nimra Zubair. „Protection Of Food From Fungal Pathogens A Review“. Devotion Journal of Community Service 3, Nr. 9 (14.07.2022): 790–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/dev.v3i9.183.
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The profitability, quality, and output volume of plant production is significantly influenced by plant fungal diseases. These phytopathogens are persistent in getting past plant defences, which leads to diseases and quality losses that cost the US economy billions of dollars every year. Farmers have employed fungicides to manage the damage caused by plant pathogenic fungus in order to combat the epidemic of fungal plant diseases. Researchers and growers are looking for alternate solutions because of drawbacks including resistance development and environmental damage linked to these drugs. Materials and Procedures Using the search terms "plant fungal pathogen," "plant extracts," and "phytopathogens," several databases were consulted to learn more about research on protecting plants against plant fungal diseases. The best extractants and bioassay methods are suggested for use. Results: Plant fungal diseases have previously been treated with biological agents in addition to conventional fungicides. There are numerous instances when plant extracts or chemicals derived from plants have been employed on a broad scale as commercial fungus deterrents in agricultural and horticultural settings. The fact that plant extracts typically include many antifungal compounds is a benefit of this strategy. Consequently, if various substances have an impact on various metabolic processes, the development of pathogen resistance may be reduced. Plants grown with the use of plant extracts may also be marketed as organic. Numerous studies on potent antibacterial substances found in plant extracts with a focus on applications in human health have been released. To create acceptable, affordable, efficient, and sustainable botanical solutions that can be utilised to combat the epidemic of plant fungal infections, more study is necessary. Conclusions: The benefits of concentrating on plant fungal infections should be considered by scientists who have solely concentrated on using plants to control human and animal fungal illnesses. This strategy is considerably simpler to assess the efficacy in greenhouse or field studies, which could boost the food security for farmers in rural areas and result in financial incentives. Extracts may still be valuable in the floriculture sector even if they are hazardous
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Sakr, N. „The role of silicon (Si) in increasing plant resistance against fungal diseases“. Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 9, Nr. 1 (01.01.2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hppj-2016-0001.
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Summary The use of silicon (Si) in agriculture has attracted a great deal of interest from researchers because of the numerous benefits of this element to plants. The use of silicon has decreased the intensity of several diseases in crops of great economic importance. In this study, the relationship between silicon nutrition and fungal disease development in plants was reviewed. The current review underlines the agricultural importance of silicon in crops, the potential for controlling fungal plant pathogens by silicon treatment, the different mechanisms of silicon-enhanced resistance, and the inhibitory effects of silicon on plant pathogenic fungi in vitro. By combining the data presented in this paper, a better comprehension of the relationship between silicon treatments, increasing plant resistance, and decreasing severity of fungal diseases could be achieved.
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Magnin-Robert, Maryline, Alessandro Spagnolo, Anna Boulanger, Cécile Joyeux, Christophe Clément, Eliane Abou-Mansour und Florence Fontaine. „Changes in Plant Metabolism and Accumulation of Fungal Metabolites in Response to Esca Proper and Apoplexy Expression in the Whole Grapevine“. Phytopathology® 106, Nr. 6 (Juni 2016): 541–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-15-0207-r.
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Trunk diseases have become among the most important grapevine diseases worldwide. They are caused by fungal pathogens that attack the permanent woody structure of the vines and cause various symptoms in woody and annual organs. This study examined modifications of plant responses in green stem, cordon, and trunk of grapevines expressing Esca proper (E) or apoplexy (A) event, which are the most frequent grapevine trunk disease symptoms observed in Europe. Transcript expression of a set of plant defense- and stress-related genes was monitored by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction while plant phytoalexins and fungal metabolites were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in order to characterize the interaction between the grapevine and trunk disease agents. Expression of genes encoding enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway and trans-resveratrol content were altered in the three organs of diseased plants, especially in the young tissues of A plants. Pathogenesis-related proteins and the antioxidant system were severely modulated in A plants, which indicates a drastic stress effect. In the meantime, fungal polyketides 6-MSA, (R)-mellein, and (3R,4R)-4-hydroxymellein, were accumulated in A plants, which suggests their potential effect on plant metabolism during the appearance of foliar symptoms.
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Kashem, Md Abul, Md Towhid Hossain und MN Anwar. „Isolation and Characterization of Locally Isolated Jute Fungi and Determination of their Pathogenicity“. Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 35, Nr. 1 (15.01.2019): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v35i1.39806.
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Currently Jute farmer faces a number of problems in jute sector such as higher labor cost, fungal diseases, low market price, natural disasters etc. As a result the production of jute is far below than the desired figure. The severe yield lost of jute depends on a number of factors of which fungal diseases play a dominant role. In the present investigation 56 samples of infected jute plants were collected from 8 (Eight) different area of Bangladesh and the samples were investigated by Agar plate and Blotter methods. Symptoms of diseases were recorded and associated fungal pathogens were purified and characterized. Based on cultural and morphological characterizations three fungal pathogens were identified as Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. (Griffon & Maubl.), Colletotrichum corchori (Ikata and Yoshida) and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid and allthe isolates showed their pathogenicity on jute plants.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 35 Number 1 June 2018, pp 67-73
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Alfa, Teou, Kokou Anani, Yao Adjrah, Komlan Batawila und Yaovi Ameyapoh. „Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used Against Fungal Infections in Prefecture of Sotouboua Central Region, Togo“. European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, Nr. 3 (31.01.2018): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n3p342.
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Plants are a major source of active ingredients and are for that fact used to treat many diseases such as fungal infections. The objective of this study was to identify the plants used in traditional medicine to treat fungal diseases in the prefecture of Sotouboua. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among healers, elderly and knowledgeable villagers. A semi structured questionnaire and pictures showing common and easily recognizable fungal infection symptoms were used to support a live interview. During this study, 37 plant species belonging to 20 families have been identified. Fabaceae were the most represented family (7 species). The most used parts were leaves (43, 24%) followed by the roots (18, 91%). The decoction is the preferred method of preparation while the oral route is the main route of administration. Sotouboua prefecture in Togo has significant plant biodiversity that is used by dwellers in the management of fungal diseases.
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Bulajić, Aleksandra, Mira Vojvodić und Brankica Tanović. „Fungal diseases of beans and green beans“. Biljni lekar 49, Nr. 6 (2021): 745–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2106745b.
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The Leguminosae plant family comprises a large number of agricultural species, including important crops of field, vegetable and staple plants. According to the biological characteristics and significance for human consumption, the most prominent crop is bean, traditionally grown in Serbia either as dry bean or as a vegetable - green beans. Production of dry and green beans in our country have the trend of reduction of sowed areas, with small average yields and enormous international trade deficits. Due to these reasons and high domestic demand, there is great potential for dry and green bean production in Serbia. In many parts of the world, plant pathogenic fungi and fungi-like organisms cause high, and in some cases total, annual yield losses. On the other hand, mycoses of bean in our country are greatly understudied, even on basic levels such as presence and distribution of fungal pathogens. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge on the most important pathogenic fungi infecting beans worldwide, particularly related to losses, symptomatology, survival and dispersal means. Furthermore, appropriate and available disease control measures are discussed as an encouragement and support for domestic production in obtaining high and safe yields.
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Ebbole, Daniel J. „Hydrophobins and fungal infection of plants and animals“. Trends in Microbiology 5, Nr. 10 (Oktober 1997): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(97)01130-x.
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Nazarov, Pavel A., Dmitry N. Baleev, Maria I. Ivanova, Luybov M. Sokolova und Marina V. Karakozova. „Infectious plant diseases: etiology, current status, problems and prospects in plant protection“. Acta Naturae 12, Nr. 3 (27.10.2020): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/actanaturae.11026.
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In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of diseases caused by bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. Infections affect plants at different stages of agricultural production. Depending on weather conditions and the phytosanitary condition of crops, the prevalence of diseases can reach 7080% of the total plant population, and the yield can decrease in some cases down to 8098%. Plants have innate cellular immunity, but specific phytopathogens have an ability to evade that immunity. This article examined phytopathogens of viral, fungal, and bacterial nature and explored the concepts of modern plant protection, methods of chemical, biological, and agrotechnical control, as well as modern methods used for identifying phytopathogens.
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Aleinikov, A. F. „METHOD OF NON-INVASIVE DETERMINATION OF FUNGAL DISEASES OF COMMON GARDEN STRAWBERRY“. Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 48, Nr. 3 (25.07.2018): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2018-3-10.
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The relevance of early undamaging diagnosis of fungal, viral and bacterial diseases of common garden strawberry is proved. External symptoms of fungal diseases are given. On the basis of literature data, the existing optical methods of early diagnostics of cultivated plants are analyzed. It is established that the methods of pixel calculation of the image in the space of color channels of red, green and blue colors are more preferable than other optical methods for detection of strawberry fungal diseases. This results from the fact that fungal diseases create specific color spots and their distribution on the surface of a plant can be easily identified in the colorimetric CIE Lab system. The work presents a number of approaches to the new method of early diagnostics of common garden strawberry fungal diseases with use of technical means and software developed for the smartphone. Implementation of the method does not require big expenses as it is done in the form of the software application in the smartphone on the basis of the Android operating system. This application will enable to obtain high quality images of a leaf of a plant, it will also provide segmentation and calculation of the quantity and the specific area of color spots on a contour of a leaf. Moreover, it will work with the database of model images of plants with fungal diseases. Classification of fungal diseases and forecasting of their development will be carried out by means of artificial neural network. The proposed method will allow to determine diseases of common garden strawberry leaves, to predict their development and to establish possible borders of distribution on the chosen plantation.
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Tuleubayeva, A., A. Ospanova und A. Beysembay. „Research of fungal diseases of herbaceous plants exposed from Aksu Ferroalloy Plant“. Bulletin of the Innovative University of Eurasia 81, Nr. 1 (27.03.2021): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37788/2021-1/126-131.
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Main problem: Technogenic "metamorphosis" of vegetation near such large industrial facilities as Pavlodar is considered to be the result of various active chemical and mechanical factors provoked by economic activities associated with the influence of emissions from industrial companies. The effect of anthropogenic impacts on vegetation in all regions of Kazakhstan varies and is largely dependent on the economic development of the territory, but in any case, the end result of this impact is the change in the vegetation, causing violations of with structure, reduced vodorazdelnaya flora and productivity of communities. This, in turn, can cause infection of herbaceous plants with pathogenic fungi, which then carry with them: a decrease in the intensity of plant growth, a deterioration in their decorative qualities, a decrease in the survival of the biological species. Purpose: to study the types of fungi-pathogens of phytopathogenic diseases and to determine the degree of modification of the plant component, which is under intense negative technogenic influence from the Aksu Ferroalloy Plant (AFР). Мethods: For the experimental study, species of plants such as: Artemisia dracunculus L; Artemesia vulgaris L; Atriplex fera L; Atriplex patula L; Artemisia annua L were selected for the content of fungi- pathogens of phytopathogenic diseases. Results and their significance: This experimental study was aimed at the presence of fungi-pathogens of herbaceous plants as a result of human impact, occurring near the industrial zone "AFР". The composition of fungi-pathogens of herbaceous plants collected in this industrial zone was considered and studied. According to the results of an experimental laboratory study, phytopathogenic fungi of herbaceous plants belonging to 1 ordo, 1 familia, and 4 species were found.
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Traversari, Silvia, Sonia Cacini, Angelica Galieni, Beatrice Nesi, Nicola Nicastro und Catello Pane. „Precision Agriculture Digital Technologies for Sustainable Fungal Disease Management of Ornamental Plants“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 7 (26.03.2021): 3707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073707.
Annotation:
Ornamental plant production constitutes an important sector of the horticultural industry worldwide and fungal infections, that dramatically affect the aesthetic quality of plants, can cause serious economic and crop losses. The need to reduce the use of pesticides for controlling fungal outbreaks requires the development of new sustainable strategies for pathogen control. In particular, early and accurate large-scale detection of occurring symptoms is critical to face the ambitious challenge of an effective, energy-saving, and precise disease management. Here, the new trends in digital-based detection and available tools to treat fungal infections are presented in comparison with conventional practices. Recent advances in molecular biology tools, spectroscopic and imaging technologies and fungal risk models based on microclimate trends are examined. The revised spectroscopic and imaging technologies were tested through a case study on rose plants showing important fungal diseases (i.e., spot spectroscopy, hyperspectral, multispectral, and thermal imaging, fluorescence sensors). The final aim was the examination of conventional practices and current e-tools to gain the early detection of plant diseases, the identification of timing and spacing for their proper management, reduction in crop losses through environmentally friendly and sustainable production systems. Moreover, future perspectives for enhancing the integration of all these approaches are discussed.
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Oliver, Richard P., und Peter S. Solomon. „Recent Fungal Diseases of Crop Plants: Is Lateral Gene Transfer a Common Theme?“ Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 21, Nr. 3 (März 2008): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-21-3-0287.
Annotation:
A cursory glance at old textbooks of plant pathology reveals that the diseases which are the current scourge of agriculture in many parts of the world are a different set from those that were prominent 50 or 100 years ago. Why have these new diseases arisen? The traditional explanations subscribe to the “nature abhors a vacuum” principle—that control of one disease creates the condition for the emergence of a replacement—but does little to explain why the new pathogen succeeds. The emergence of a new disease requires a series of conditions and steps, including the enhanced fecundity of the new pathogen, enhanced survival from season to season, and spread around the world. Recently, evidence was obtained that wheat tan spot emerged through a lateral gene transfer event some time prior to 1941. Although there have been sporadic and persistent reports of lateral gene transfer between and into fungal plant pathogens, most examples have been dismissed through incomplete evidence. The completion of whole genome sequences of an increasing number of fungal pathogens no longer allows such proposed cases of lateral gene transfer to be dismissed so easily. How frequent are lateral gene transfers involving fungal plant pathogens, and can this process explain the emergence of many of the new diseases of the recent past? Many of the apparently new diseases are dependant on the expression of host-specific toxins. These are enigmatic molecules whose action requires the presence of plant genes with products that specifically encode sensitivity to the toxin and susceptibility to the disease. It is also notable that many new diseases belong to the fungal taxon dothideomycetes. This review explores the coincidence of new diseases, interspecific gene transfer, host-specific toxins, and the dothideomycete class.
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Derevnina, Lida, Benjamin Petre, Ronny Kellner, Yasin F. Dagdas, Mohammad Nasif Sarowar, Artemis Giannakopoulou, Juan Carlos De la Concepcion et al. „Emerging oomycete threats to plants and animals“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, Nr. 1709 (05.12.2016): 20150459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0459.
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Oomycetes, or water moulds, are fungal-like organisms phylogenetically related to algae. They cause devastating diseases in both plants and animals. Here, we describe seven oomycete species that are emerging or re-emerging threats to agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture and natural ecosystems. They include the plant pathogens Phytophthora infestans , Phytophthora palmivora , Phytophthora ramorum , Plasmopara obducens , and the animal pathogens Aphanomyces invadans , Saprolegnia parasitica and Halioticida noduliformans . For each species, we describe its pathology, importance and impact, discuss why it is an emerging threat and briefly review current research activities. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience’.
31
Unnikrishnan, Boby Vattekkattu, und Mahesh Mohan. „Prospects of fungal endophytes for stress mitigation in rice (Oryza sativa L.)“. Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 59, Nr. 3 (30.09.2022): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.6.
Annotation:
Fungal endophytes are highly diverse in their functions and impart functional advantage to the host plants. Application of fungal endophytes is gaining relevance in field of agriculture as an ecofriendly approach and means of reducing pesticide application in crop plants. Rice production is known to be affected by both biotic and abiotic stresses and application of microbes could be one of the means of reducing the stresses. Fungal endophytes are isolated and studied from various parts of rice plants and they are reported to be involved in improving the growth and reducing various stresses during plant growth. This review discusses about relevance and potential of fungal endophytes in rice on mitigating various stresses like drought, salinity, heat, heavy metals and biotic elements such as diseases and pests.
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Ziedan, El-Sayed, Ibrahim Elewa, Mostafa Mostafa und Ahmed Sahab. „Application of Mycorrhizae for Controlling Root Diseases of Sesame“. Journal of Plant Protection Research 51, Nr. 4 (01.10.2011): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-011-0058-0.
Annotation:
Application of Mycorrhizae for Controlling Root Diseases of Sesame Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (VAM) was evaluated as a biotic agent for controlling wilt and root-rot diseases of sesame caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami (Zap.) Cast and Macrophomina phaseolina (Moubl) Ashby pathogens can infect sesame plant at any growth stage causing considerable losses of seed yield. Spores of VA mycorrhizae fungi (Glomus spp.) were collected from the soil around the root systems of sesame plants then propagated on roots of Suddan grass (Sorghum vulgare var. sudanese). Under green house and field conditions, two hundreds sporocarps of Glomus spp. were added as a soil drench beside the sesame plant. Glomus spp. (VA mycorrhizae) significantly reduced wilt and root-rot incidence of sesame plants. Lums spp. (VA mycorrhizae) also significantly increased plant morphological characters such as plant height, number of branches and number of pods for each plant. Application of Glomus spp. to protect sesame plants by colonizing the root system, significantly reduced colonization of fungal pathogens in sesame rhizosphere as well as pathogenic activity of fungal pathogens increased lignin contents in the sesame root system were also observed. Furthermore, mycorrhizae treatment provided selective bacterial stimulation for colonization on sesame rhizosphere. These bacteria belonging the Bacillus group showed highly antagonistic potential to fungal pathogens. Application of mycorrhizae together with other biocontrol agent such as Trichoderma viride or Bacillus subtilis significantly effected than individual treatments for controlling these diseases incidences and increasing morphological characters and seed yield of sesame.
33
Baldwin, NA. „Fungal diseases of sports turf“. Mycologist 4, Nr. 1 (Januar 1990): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-915x(09)80358-3.
34
Stehno, Z. „Emmer wheat Rudico can extend the spectra of cultivated plants – Short Communication“. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 43, No. 3 (07.01.2008): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2072-cjgpb.
Annotation:
Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schübl. or also T. dicoccon Schrank) tetraploid wheat species was grown in the Czech territory till the 6th century A.D. when it was replaced by bread wheat. At present only landraces and wild forms of this species are available in collections of genetic resources. With the aim to extend the spectra of grown crops, a collection of emmer genetic resources in the Czech Gene Bank was studied. An accession later in ripeness, with a good level of resistance to fungal diseases and with a high yield potential was selected from the collection. After bulk selection procedure and three year testing it gained a certificate of legal protection as cultivar Rudico. The cultivar with high protein content and very good resistance to fungal diseases was found to be able to meet the requirements for organic growing systems as well.
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Domingues, S. C. O., L. C. A. Oliveira, K. S. M. Rocha, L. A. Colpo, M. A. C. Carvalho, D. L. Matos und I. V. Karsburg. „Pathogens associated with diseases in native orchids of the region of Southern Amazonia“. Scientific Electronic Archives 13, Nr. 4 (31.03.2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1342020866.
Annotation:
The orchids have a great diversity of genus and species, which contributes to a singular wealth of flowers, that present immense variation of colors and forms. Within the trade of ornamental plants orchids constitute a promising area of agribusiness, with high added value. However, one of the major limitations for the production of these plants is the incidence of diseases, mainly caused by fungi. In this context, the objective of the study was to isolate and identify fungi from orchids with a symptomatological picture of disease of fungal etiology. The incidence of 3 genera of pathogens of fungal etiology in 10 genera of orchids was verified. The causal agent with the highest percentage of frequency was Nigrospora sp.
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Bačelis, K., und E. Gruzdevienė. „DISEASE RESISTANT VARIETY – A WAY OF THE ECOLOGICAL FLAX PROTECTION IN LITHUANIA“. Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (26.06.2006): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2003vol1.1974.
Annotation:
Different methods to control flax diseases are admissible in the modern plant protection. It is advised to treat seeds and growing plants by fungicides to kill the pathogens of fungal diseases. Fertilisation by microelements and using of right means of agrotechnology (optimal sowing time, resistant varieties etc.) are preventing plants from physiological injures. However, one of the most effective means against diseases is development and growing of resistant varieties.Fibre flax breeding has been carried out in Lithuania since 1922 in Dotnuva Plant Breeding Station. Since 1965 this work is being done in Upyte Research Station.In this paper we analyse a fibre flax collection in Upyte Research Station and show that some varieties are resistant to most widespread flax fungal diseases.
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Rajan, DR Jenifer Solomon. „SCREENING OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST Thielaviopsis spp-A DISEASE CAUSING PLANT FUNGUS“. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN NATURAL SCIENCES 2, Nr. 1 (25.05.2015): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jns.v2i1.372.
Annotation:
Medicinal plants have been used in the prevention, treatment and cure disorders and diseases in ancient times and they provide abundant resources of antimicrobial compounds, has been used for centuries to inhibit the microbial growth. Diseases of medicinal plants were caused by the pathogenic microbes: especially fungi are common throughout the world. Microbial diseases of plants cause malfunctions such as disturb normal functions by degrading enzymes, toxin and growth substances, reduce the yield, survival capacity and resulting to death. In recent times, the medicinal plants were affected by exogenous, endogenous and microbial infections. The medicinal plant plant Argemone mexicana L. (Mexican poppy) is an annual exotic weed flora used for medicine in several countries throut the world and chosen for this study.This plant was frequently affected by many fungal pathogens. The present investigation focuses the isolation of frequent disease causing fungal pathogen(Thielaviopsis spp)from infected leaves and their control measures by using herbal extracts(Acalypha indica ,Catharanthus roseus  and Murraya koenigii  ) via. Invitro approach.
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Scholes, Julie D., und Stephen A. Rolfe. „Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging as tool for understanding the impact of fungal diseases on plant performance: a phenomics perspective“. Functional Plant Biology 36, Nr. 11 (2009): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp09145.
Annotation:
Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging is a non-invasive, non-destructive means with which to examine the impact of fungal pathogens on the photosynthetic metabolism of host plants. As such, it has great potential for screening purposes in high-throughput phenomics environments. However, there is great diversity in the responses of plants to different plant-fungal pathogens and the choice of suitable experimental conditions and protocols and interpretation of the results requires both preliminary laboratory experiments and an understanding of the biology of the specific plant-pathogen interaction. In this review, we examine the interaction between biotrophic, hemi-biotrophic and necrotrophic fungal pathogens and their hosts to illustrate the extent to which chlorophyll fluorescence imaging can be used to detect the presence of disease before the appearance of visible symptoms, distinguish between compatible and incompatible fungal interactions, identify heterogeneity in photosynthetic performance within the infected leaf and provide insights into the underlying mechanisms. The limitations and challenges of using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging in high throughput screens is discussed.
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LIN, T. C., C. L. LIN, W. C. CHUNG, K. R. CHUNG und J. W. HUANG. „Pathogenic fungal protein-induced resistance and its effects on vegetable diseases“. Journal of Agricultural Science 155, Nr. 7 (31.03.2017): 1069–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185961700020x.
Annotation:
SUMMARYPlant defence systems can be induced by biotic and abiotic stress. Experiments were undertaken to explore the feasibility of different fungal proteins for the reduction of vegetable diseases. Total proteins purified from three soil-borne and five foliar fungal pathogens had no fungistatic effects nor did they trigger hypersensitive reactions on test plants. The abilities to promote plant growth and to reduce disease severity varied among test proteins and plants. Depending on test proteins, experiments have demonstrated that exogenous application of fungal proteins could reduce Alternaria brassicicola-induced black spot severity on cabbage, Colletotrichum spp.-induced anthracnose on Chinese cabbage and cucumber, Rhizoctonia solani-induced damping-off on sweet pepper and Chinese cabbage, and powdery mildew on cucumber seedlings. An Alternariaprotein effector 1 (Ape1)-coding gene was cloned from two Alternaria spp. and expressed in Escherichia coli. The expressed Ape1 reduced anthracnose incidence on cucumber leaves, indicating that Ape1 was the primary activator in the crude protein extracts responsible for disease reduction. Application of Alternaria proteins onto Chinese cabbage seedlings caused an increase of phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase activities in treated seedlings, which may have played a role in host defence.
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Banerjee, Debdulal. „Endophytic Fungal Diversity in Tropical and Subtropical Plants“. Research Journal of Microbiology 6, Nr. 1 (01.01.2011): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jm.2011.54.62.
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Patanita, Mariana, André Albuquerque, Maria Doroteia Campos, Patrick Materatski, Carla M. R. Varanda, Joana A. Ribeiro und Maria do Rosário Félix. „Metagenomic Assessment Unravels Fungal Microbiota Associated to Grapevine Trunk Diseases“. Horticulturae 8, Nr. 4 (29.03.2022): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040288.
Annotation:
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are among the most important problems that affect the longevity and productivity of vineyards in all the major growing regions of the world. They are slow-progression diseases caused by several wood-inhabiting fungi with similar life cycles and epidemiology. The simultaneous presence of multiple trunk pathogens in a single plant together with the inconsistent GTDs symptoms expression, their isolation in asymptomatic plants, and the absence of effective treatments make these diseases extremely complex to identify and eradicate. Aiming to gain a better knowledge of GTDs and search sustainable alternatives to limit their development, the present work studied the fungal community structure associated with GTDs symptomatic and asymptomatic grapevines, following a metagenomic approach. Two important cultivars from the Alentejo region with different levels of susceptibility to GTDs were selected, namely, ‘Alicante Bouschet’ and ‘Trincadeira’. Deep sequencing of fungal-directed ITS1 amplicon led to the detection of 258 taxa, including 10 fungi previously described as responsible for GTDs. Symptomatic plants exhibited a lower abundance of GTDs-associated fungi, although with significantly higher diversity of those pathogens. Our results demonstrated that trunk diseases symptoms are intensified by a set of multiple GTDs-associated fungi on the same plant. The composition of fungal endophytic communities was significantly different according to the symptomatology and it was not affected by the cultivar. This study opens new perspectives in the study of GTDs-associated fungi and their relation to the symptomatology in grapevines.
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Moreno-Sanz, P., G. Lucchetta, A. Zanzotto, M. D. Loureiro, B. Suarez und E. Angelini. „Fungi associated to grapevine trunk diseases in young plants in Asturias (Northern Spain)“. Horticultural Science 40, No. 3 (28.08.2013): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/9/2013-hortsci.
Annotation:
Dark discolorations of the vascular vessels of 3-year-old potted plants of Asturian grapevine cultivar (Northern Spain), were observed during pruning. These symptoms can be associated to fungal trunk diseases that, in the last decades, are affecting young vineyards all over the world. Cross sections from root, trunk and canes of 19 young grapevine plants were analyzed for the presence of pathogenic fungi associated with these diseases. Non-pathogenic fungi were isolated from both asymptomatic and symptomatic samples, showing that dark discolorations, in some cases, were a consequence of abiotic causes. Regarding pathogenic fungi, Cylindrocarpon spp. colonies were the most frequent, isolated mainly from roots and from asymptomatic tissue. Botryosphaeria spp. colonies were mostly isolated from trunk and from sections with dark discolorations generated by pruning. Phaeoacremonium spp. was isolated from all the organs (roots, trunk and canes). Only one colony of Libertella spp. was isolated. These results suggest the need of a standard protocol, combining treatments and management activities, to be performed in nurseries to limit the spread of these diseases.
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Kotzabasis, Kiriakos, Eleni Navakoudis und Demetrios J. Vakalounakis. „Photobiological Control of Crop Production and Plant Diseases“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 63, Nr. 1-2 (01.02.2008): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2008-1-221.
Annotation:
Plants, as well as fungi, use ambient sunlight as information to regulate photomorphogenetic processes. The photobiological control of this information showed that the development of photobiological greenhouse plastic covers simulates a photonic information that leads to a physiological enhancement of plant productivity and fungal disease control, thus minimizing the need for the use of agrochemicals. The main characteristics of these photobiological greenhouse plastic covers are the high transmission of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400 − 700 nm) combined with an increase of the factor ζ =RL(655 −665 nm)/FRL(725 −735 nm), which affects the cellular phytochromic equilibrium Φ = Pfr/(Pfr + Pr) and regulates the photosynthetic activity and therefore the plant productivity. Additionally, increase of the spectral ratios from the transmitted light: BL(420-500 nm)/nearUV(290-370 nm) and BL(420 −500 nm)/ FRL(725 −735 nm), cause mainly the induction of biochemical, physiological and morphological responses, regulated by cryptochromes in plants (e. g. inflorescence and infructescence) and mycochrome in fungi (e. g. inhibition of sporulation). In the present work, comparative studies with randomly selected greenhouse plastics showed that small changes in the abovementioned “photobiological” parameters raise the productivity of tomato plants and inhibit the sporulation of several isolates of the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Thus, a model for the photoregulation of these two phenomena in greenhouses is proposed.
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Lewthwaite, S. L., und P. J. Wright. „Diseases of the kumara crop“. New Zealand Plant Protection 62 (01.08.2009): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4845.
Annotation:
The predominant diseases of the commercial kumara (Ipomoea batatas) or sweetpotato crop are caused by fungal pathogens The field disease pink rot results from infection by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lesions form on vines but may spread down stems to the roots The widespread nature of this disease in sweetpotato appears peculiar to New Zealand Scurf is a disease caused by Monilochaetes infuscans which occurs in the field but may proliferate amongst stored roots The disease causes a superficial discolouration of the root surface which is mainly cosmetic but can also increase root water loss in storage Infection by Ceratocystis fimbriata produces a disease known as black rot The disease can be transmitted amongst plants at propagation but is particularly rampant amongst roots in storage This disease is readily transmitted and can cause severe economic loss Fusarium oxysporum causes surface rots in stored roots characterised by light to dark brown lesions that tend to be firm dry and superficial The lesions may be circular and centred on wounds caused by insects or mechanical damage at harvest Soft rot caused by Rhizopus stolonifer generally occurs in roots after they are washed and prepared for the market Fungal infection occurs through wounds or bruised tissue producing distinctive tufts of white fungal strands and black spores
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Thapa, Rabindra, und Sanjay Kumar Jha. „Study of fungal diseases on Swertia chirayita from cultivated fields of Dolakha district, central Nepal“. Our Nature 20, Nr. 1 (06.06.2022): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v20i1.44951.
Annotation:
Swertia chirayita is a medicinally and economically important herb of the family Gentinaceae. It is one of the highly traded, traditionally important medicinal plants. Fungal Pathogens corrupt the quality and amount of Swertia chirayita development, and production and cause terrible well-being of plants as well as monetary problem to the traders. This study was carried out to identify some diseases associated with S. chirayita cultivated fields in Bigu, Khartal, and Boch regions of Dolakha district. The samples were collected from selected sites and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar media for fungal pathogens. During the investigation, five species of fungal pathogens were identified. Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gleosporioides and Curvularia sp. were isolated from leaf. They caused Alternaria leaf spot, Colletotrichum leaf blight, and Curvularia leaf spot. Similarly, stem possesses canker disease and root had root canker, Fusarium oxysporum causing Fusarium wilt, Rhizoctonia sp. causing Rhizoctonia root rot. The presence of illnesses in S. chirayita shows the need for proper plant care.
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Al-marri, Masoud J., Osman A. Elsharief Abdalla, Sheeja Thomas, Mohammed Al-Masri, Mohammed I. Abubaker, Mohamed M., Hichem R. und Mohamed mahomoud Mazen. „Impact of Irrigation Method on Root Rot and Wilt Diseases in Tomato Under Net Greenhouse in the State of Qatar.“ JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 8 (25.10.2018): 1452–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v8i1.7771.
Annotation:
The study involved the relationship among two irrigation methods; Subsurface Buried Diffuser (SBD) and Conventional Drip irrigation (DI) and their impact on the survival of healthy tomato plant . Tomato plant irrigated with SBD and DI methods were subjected to survey of root or shoot systems fungal diseases and infected vs. healthy Tomato plant survival incidence percentage were recorded. Surveyed tomato plant showing, root rot and wilt symptoms were subjected to isolation trails for the purpose of isolation of the causal organisms. Rhizospheric samples of different healthy and diseased plants were collected at flowering growth stage for determining the frequency occurrence of different fungi associated with the root region of healthy and infected roots of tomato plants under both irrigation methods. It was observed that the Tomato plants irrigated under DI method were more prone to fungal infection than that of SBD method. Pathogenic fungi that contributed in reducing the survival of tomato plant were high in rhizospheric soil irrigated with DI irrigation Method as compared to SBD irrigation method. The root fungal pathogens isolated from rhizospheric soil were Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus spp., and Pythium spp., which recorded in high frequency comparing with other microorganisms. The genus Fusarium represented in highest records followed by the genus Rhizoctonia and Pythium respectively at all assayed samples.
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Karolina, Górzyńska, Węgrzyn Ewa, Sandecki Rafał und Lembicz Marlena. „Endophytic fungi and latent pathogens in the sedge Carex secalina (Cyperaceae), a critically endangered species in Europe“. Plant Protection Science 55, No. 2 (17.02.2019): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/120/2018-pps.
Annotation:
Endophytic fungi are widespread in plants and affect the host fitness and population size. We found 12 fungal taxa in C. secalina, a critically endangered species in several European countries, at two study sites in Poland. The most frequently occurring fungal taxa were Colletotrichum destructivum and Acremonium sp. Both taxa were found in half of the examined tussocks. The highest number of fungal taxa was noted in the C. secalina plants growing in the roadside area, where 7 of the 12 identified fungal taxa occurred. These fungi, inhabiting leaf tissues, are known for their pathogenicity but no visible symptoms of any diseases were observed on C. secalina leaves. This suggests that these fungi are latent pathogens.
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Raza, Ali, Muhammad Hairs, Aamir Riaz, Rumesha Rafiq, Memoona Basharat, Muqaddas Shaheen, Sumaira Goshi, Sabahat Asghar, Ali Khan und Zia Ur Rehman. „TRENDING KILLERS OF PLANTS; AN OVERVIEW OF THE MOST PREVAILING PATHOGENIC FUNGI“. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS 3, Nr. 3 (31.12.2022): 97–147. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/jmmg.v3i3.73.
Annotation:
Agriculture is crucial for all of humanity and will continue to play a significant role in ensuring the continued food security of the world's expanding population. There are several illnesses that may affect plants, especially crop plants, which can result in significant reductions in production. Plants, and especially crop plants, are particularly susceptible to these diseases. The lessons learned from history show that illnesses of this kind not only harmed agricultural output but also had a negative impact on the economy. The majority of the losses may be attributed to fungal infections. Such fungal infections are imposing a continousthreat to the sustainability of plants gobally. These phytopathogens show great persistance in causing plant diseases and quality degradation. Pathogenic fungi employ a variety of techniques to colonies plants and infect them with illness. Necrotrophic fungi destroy their hosts and consume their remains, whereas other fungi invade live cells (biotrophs). Pathogenic growth is strictly controlled, and specific infection components are created, for the full invasion of vegetative organs. Fungal infections use a wide range of virulence determinants to further colonies hosts and spread illness. The roles that virulence variables play vary depending on the infection approach. Necrotrophic pathogens produce poisons that damage plant tissue, although most pathogens obstruct the main plant defense. Contrarily, biotrophs use effector chemicals to prevent plant cell damage and change the metabolism of plants in the pathogen's benefit.
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Chowdhury, MBR, und T. Rahman. „Use of low-cost chemotherapeutic and medicinal plants against Thai silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus)“. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 10, Nr. 2 (13.05.2013): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i2.14932.
Annotation:
Studies were conducted to select and apply the effective low-cost chemotherapeutic and medicinal plants against diseased fish under laboratory and field condition. Thai silver barbs (Barbonymus gonionotus) weighing 20-25 gm were experimentally infected with a virulent bacterial pathogen (Aeromonas hydrophila) and a fungal pathogen (Aphanomyces invadans). Based on the previous studies, four chemotherapeutics, viz., salt + lime, alum, doxycycline and oxytetracycline were selected and applied to observe the therapeutic effects under laboratory and field condition. In the case of medicinal plants, leaves/ bulb / seeds/ rhizome of neem (Azadirachta indica), akand (Calotropis gigantea), garlic (Allium sativum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), shoti (Curcuma zedoaria), Indian sorrel (Oxalis corniculata), guava (Psidum guajava) and kalijira (Nigella sativa) were screened out and applied to the infected fish in laboratory and field condition to determine their efficacies. The antibiotics, both oxytetracycline and doxycycline were found to be very efficient followed by salt + lime and alum. For fungal infection, alum was excellent followed by salt + lime both under laboratory and field condition. Even in the pond trial, alum and salt + lime successfully checked the occurrence of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) and similar diseases. In the case of medicinal plants, neem and akand together reduced the occurrence bacterial and fungal disease. Garlic was very efficient to check bacterial infection but weak against fungal disease. Turmeric and arrowroot were found to be highly effective against fungal disease but moderately effective against bacterial disease. Field trial revealed that Indian sorrel and guava were highly efficient against bacterial disease but poorly efficient against fungal disease. On the other hand, arrowroot and black cumin were highly efficient against fungal disease but moderately efficient against bacterial disease. The results would be useful to the all concerned for proper health management of cultured fishes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v10i2.14932 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(2): 385-390, 2012
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Beule, Lukas, Ena Lehtsaar, Anna Rathgeb und Petr Karlovsky. „Crop Diseases and Mycotoxin Accumulation in Temperate Agroforestry Systems“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 10 (23.05.2019): 2925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102925.
Annotation:
Background: Temperate agroforestry is regarded as a sustainable alternative to monoculture agriculture due to enhanced provisioning of ecosystem services. Plant health and food safety are crucial requirements for sustainable agriculture; however, studies of fungal diseases and mycotoxin contamination of crops grown under temperate agroforestry are lacking. This study therefore aimed to compare fungal colonization and mycotoxin contamination of crops grown in temperate agroforestry against conventional monoculture. Methods: The biomass of plant pathogenic fungi in oilseed rape plants and barley and wheat grain harvested in 2016 to 2018 at four paired agroforestry and monoculture sites was quantified using species-specific real-time PCR. Mycotoxin content of barley and wheat grain was determined by HPLC-MS/MS. Results: The colonization of oilseed rape plants with the vascular pathogen Verticillium longisporum and wheat grain with the head blight pathogen Fusarium tricinctum was lower in agroforestry than in conventional monoculture. Mycotoxin content of barley and wheat grain did not differ between agroforestry and monoculture systems and did not exceed the legal limits of the EU. Remarkably, fumonisin B1 was detected in wheat grains at two sites in two years, yet the low levels found do not raise food safety concerns. No differences were found between the two production systems with regard to infection of wheat and barley grain with five Fusarium species (F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, and F. proliferatum) and oilseed rape with fungal pathogens Leptosphaeria biglobosa, Leptosphaeria maculans, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Conclusions: Temperate agroforestry does not negatively affect the infection of wheat, barley and oilseed rape with major fungal pathogens though it may suppress the infection of oilseed rape with V. longisporum and wheat grain with F. tricinctum. Furthermore, temperate agroforestry does not increase mycotoxin contamination of barley and wheat. Therefore, temperate agroforestry does not negatively affect food safety.