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Giraud, T., J. Enjalbert, E. Fournier, F. Delmotte und C. Dutech. „Population genetics of fungal diseases of plants“. Parasite 15, Nr. 3 (September 2008): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2008153449.
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Arti und Simerjit Kaur. „An Overview on Fungal Diseases in Angiospermic Plants“. Asian Plant Research Journal 11, Nr. 2 (12.04.2023): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i2207.
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The main objective of this review study is to examine various fungal diseases on angiospermic plants which lower plant productivity and worsen the financial situation of flowers. Angiospermic flora are the most useful and marketable plants, employed for the majority of purposes, contributing to a better environment and spreading positive energy, but these flowering plants are presently damaged by unfavourable environmental conditions. The occurrence of fungal infection suppresses the beauty, growth, production and commercial values of flowers and also affect the living beings by increasing air pollution due to the infected plants. Fungicides, chemicals and molecular techniques are already in used to enhances the yield of crops and growth of plants, but still more research needs to be conducted to find the way for increasing the yield and preventing the plants more.
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Abdullayeva, Shahla. „INCIDENTAL BACTERIAL IN HOUSE PLANTS AND FUNGAL DISEASES“. SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 3, Nr. 1 (26.02.2023): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2789-6919/17/16-18.
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Wang, Haiguang. „Epidemiology and Control of Fungal Diseases in Crop Plants“. Agronomy 13, Nr. 9 (05.09.2023): 2327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092327.
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Crop fungal diseases are a major threat to crop health and food security worldwide. The epidemiology is the basis for effective and sustainable control of crop fungal diseases. Safe, effective, sustainable, and eco-friendly disease control measures have important economic, ecological, and social significances. This Special Issue, “Epidemiology and Control of Fungal Diseases of Crop Plants”, collected one communication and nine original research articles focusing on the identification and detection of the causal agents of alfalfa Fusarium root rot, strawberry black spot, and barley leaf stripe; the semantic segmentation of wheat stripe rust images; the image-based identification of wheat stripe rust and wheat leaf rust; the image-based identification of the severity of wheat Fusarium head blight; the development process of vanilla Fusarium wilt; the regional migration of wheat leaf rust pathogen; the early prediction of potato early blight; the screening of alternative fungicides for the control of alfalfa Fusarium root rot; and the biocontrol potential of endophytic fungi to control of cumin root rot, presenting the progress of research on the epidemiology and control of crop fungal diseases. The studies contained in this Special Issue facilitated the development of epidemiology of the related crop fungal diseases and provided some basis for control of the diseases, which is conducive to the sustainable management of these diseases.
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Sokoto, Rabi'atu M., Sanusi Muhammad, Habsatu S. Shehu und Abubakar S. Muhammad. „Isolation and identification of fungal diseases infecting carrot plants in Sokoto State of Nigeria“. Caliphate Journal of Science and Technology 5, Nr. 3 (12.01.2024): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/cajost.v5i3.9.
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Carrot plants are often afflicted with myriad of diseases that tend to lessen their eventual yield. With the increasing pressure to provide food for the world sever growing population there is need to curtail the adverse effect of these diseases. This study was aimed at investigating the epidemiological prevalence of some fungal diseases effecting carrot vegetables in selected areas in Sokoto state. To realize these, diseased carrots picked from the study areas were investigated to identify the pathogens affecting them. The carrot samples (leaves and roots) were collected from Moreh, Badageni and Ruggar Liman farm areas for fungal isolation and identification. The result revealed ten fungal species from six genera of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Mucor, Alternaria and Acremonium. Out of the fungal species isolated, Fusarium oxysporum was found to have the highest frequency of occurrence with 31.87% and Acremonium strictum had the least with (1.10%). All the farms had one pathogen or the other and are present in both the leaves and roots. Badageni farm had the highest occurrence of the isolates mostly on the leaves followed closely by Moreh farm. The findings revealed that carrots in Sokoto were susceptible to fungal attacks, and Fusarium species appeared to be the most active of all pathogens associated with the fungal diseases as such, carrots should be well washed and if possible cooked well before eating.
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Cornelissen, BJC, und L. S. Melchers. „Strategies for Control of Fungal Diseases with Transgenic Plants“. Plant Physiology 101, Nr. 3 (01.03.1993): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.101.3.709.
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Pujari, Jagadeesh D., Rajesh Yakkundimath und Abdulmunaf S. Byadgi. „Image Processing Based Detection of Fungal Diseases in Plants“. Procedia Computer Science 46 (2015): 1802–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.02.137.
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Olson, Åke, und Jan Stenlid. „Pathogenic fungal species hybrids infecting plants“. Microbes and Infection 4, Nr. 13 (November 2002): 1353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1286-4579(02)00005-9.
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AVAN, Meltem. „Important Fungal Diseases in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Their Control“. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research 2, Nr. 1 (30.06.2021): 239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46592/turkager.2021.v02i01.019.
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Aromatic plants constitute the main raw materials of the perfumery, food and cosmetics industry and in recent years with the increasing demand for therapeutic herbal medicines, interest in medicinal and aromatic plants has increased. Raw materials from medicinal and aromatic plants have recently begun to be used and spread in the food sector, especially in industrial sectors such as paint and perfumery. For this reason, growing healthy plant material is very important in terms of the protection of these crops. However, fungal diseases such as root rot, wilt, leaf spots, blight and anthracnose, which are problems during the cultivation of both medicinal and aromatic plants, negatively affect both the quantity and quality of these plants. For this reason, an integrated management practices including cultural measures, herbal products, biological control and, if necessary, chemical control methods with especially these fungal diseases are very important. In this review, 27 medicinal and aromatic plants, 37 fungal diseases, their chemical and biological control were included, and 161 references were used.
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Mekapogu, Manjulatha, Jae-A. Jung, Oh-Keun Kwon, Myung-Suk Ahn, Hyun-Young Song und Seonghoe Jang. „Recent Progress in Enhancing Fungal Disease Resistance in Ornamental Plants“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, Nr. 15 (26.07.2021): 7956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157956.
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Fungal diseases pose a major threat to ornamental plants, with an increasing percentage of pathogen-driven host losses. In ornamental plants, management of the majority of fungal diseases primarily depends upon chemical control methods that are often non-specific. Host basal resistance, which is deficient in many ornamental plants, plays a key role in combating diseases. Despite their economic importance, conventional and molecular breeding approaches in ornamental plants to facilitate disease resistance are lagging, and this is predominantly due to their complex genomes, limited availability of gene pools, and degree of heterozygosity. Although genetic engineering in ornamental plants offers feasible methods to overcome the intrinsic barriers of classical breeding, achievements have mainly been reported only in regard to the modification of floral attributes in ornamentals. The unavailability of transformation protocols and candidate gene resources for several ornamental crops presents an obstacle for tackling the functional studies on disease resistance. Recently, multiomics technologies, in combination with genome editing tools, have provided shortcuts to examine the molecular and genetic regulatory mechanisms underlying fungal disease resistance, ultimately leading to the subsequent advances in the development of novel cultivars with desired fungal disease-resistant traits, in ornamental crops. Although fungal diseases constitute the majority of ornamental plant diseases, a comprehensive overview of this highly important fungal disease resistance seems to be insufficient in the field of ornamental horticulture. Hence, in this review, we highlight the representative mechanisms of the fungal infection-related resistance to pathogens in plants, with a focus on ornamental crops. Recent progress in molecular breeding, genetic engineering strategies, and RNAi technologies, such as HIGS and SIGS for the enhancement of fungal disease resistance in various important ornamental crops, is also described.
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Su, Lv, Lifan Zhang, Duoqian Nie, Eiko E. Kuramae, Biao Shen und Qirong Shen. „Bacterial Tomato Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Invasion Modulates Rhizosphere Compounds and Facilitates the Cascade Effect of Fungal Pathogen Fusarium solani“. Microorganisms 8, Nr. 6 (27.05.2020): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060806.
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Soil-borne pathogen invasions can significantly change the microbial communities of the host rhizosphere. However, whether bacterial Ralstonia solanacearum pathogen invasion influences the abundance of fungal pathogens remains unclear. In this study, we combined high-throughput sequencing, qPCR, liquid chromatography and soil culture experiments to analyze the rhizosphere fungal composition, co-occurrence of fungal communities, copy numbers of functional genes, contents of phenolic acids and their associations in healthy and bacterial wilt-diseased tomato plants. We found that R. solanacearum invasion increased the abundance of the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium solani. The concentrations of three phenolic acids in the rhizosphere soil of bacterial wilt-diseased tomato plants were significantly higher than those in the rhizosphere soil of healthy tomato plants. In addition, the increased concentrations of phenolic acids significantly stimulated F. solani growth in the soil. Furthermore, a simple fungal network with fewer links, nodes and hubs (highly connected nodes) was found in the diseased tomato plant rhizosphere. These results indicate that once the symptom of bacterial wilt disease is observed in tomato, the roots of the wilt-diseased tomato plants need to be removed in a timely manner to prevent the enrichment of other fungal soil-borne pathogens. These findings provide some ecological clues for the mixed co-occurrence of bacterial wilt disease and other fungal soil-borne diseases.
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Mourou, Marwa, Maria Luisa Raimondo, Francesco Lops und Antonia Carlucci. „Brassicaceae Fungal Diseases: Molecular Detection and Host–Plant Interaction“. Plants 12, Nr. 5 (24.02.2023): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12051033.
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Brassicaceae plants cover a large number of species with great economic and nutritional importance around the world. The production of Brassica spp. is limited due to phytopathogenic fungal species causing enormous yield losses. In this scenario, precise and rapid detection and identification of plant-infecting fungi are essential to facilitate the effective management of diseases. DNA-based molecular methods have become popular methods for accurate plant disease diagnostics and have been used to detect Brassicaceae fungal pathogens. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays including nested, multiplex, quantitative post, and isothermal amplification methods represent a powerful weapon for early detection of fungal pathogens and preventively counteract diseases on brassicas with the aim to drastically reduce the fungicides as inputs. It is noteworthy also that Brassicaceae plants can establish a wide variety of relationships with fungi, ranging from harmful interactions with pathogens to beneficial associations with endophytic fungi. Thus, understanding host and pathogen interaction in brassica crops prompts better disease management. The present review reports the main fungal diseases of Brassicaceae, molecular methods used for their detection, review studies on the interaction between fungi and brassicas plants, and the various mechanisms involved including the application of omics technologies.
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WANI, Shabir Hussain. „Inducing Fungus-Resistance into Plants through Biotechnology“. Notulae Scientia Biologicae 2, Nr. 2 (13.06.2010): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb224594.
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Plant diseases are caused by a variety of plant pathogens including fungi, and their management requires the use of techniques like transgenic technology, molecular biology, and genetics. There have been attempts to use gene technology as an alternative method to protect plants from microbial diseases, in addition to the development of novel agrochemicals and the conventional breeding of resistant cultivars. Various genes have been introduced into plants, and the enhanced resistance against fungi has been demonstrated. These include: genes that express proteins, peptides, or antimicrobial compounds that are directly toxic to pathogens or that reduce their growth in situ; gene products that directly inhibit pathogen virulence products or enhance plant structural defense genes, that directly or indirectly activate general plant defense responses; and resistance genes involved in the hypersensitive response and in the interactions with virulence factors. The introduction of the tabtoxin acetyltransferase gene, the stilbene synthase gene, the ribosome-inactivation protein gene and the glucose oxidase gene brought enhanced resistance in different plants. Genes encoding hydrolytic enzymes such as chitinase and glucanase, which can deteriorate fungal cell-wall components, are attractive candidates for this approach and are preferentially used for the production of fungal disease-resistant plants. In addition to this, RNA-mediated gene silencing is being tried as a reverse tool for gene targeting in plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens. In this review, different mechanisms of fungal disease resistance through biotechnological approaches are discussed and the recent advances in fungal disease management through transgenic approach are reviewed.
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Taylor, Philip N. „Inducible Systemic Resistance to Bacterial and Fungal Diseases in Plants“. Outlook on Agriculture 16, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1987): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072708701600408.
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Plants, like animals, have resistance mechanisms which are activated only by inoculation with a pathogen. The activated resistance mechanism, initiated by a local infection, can be active throughout the whole plant, protecting it from disease for the remainder of its life. The induction of such latent resistance mechanisms may provide a new strategy for disease control in the future.
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Toessi, Goudjo H., Elisée G. D. L. Amari, Rachidatou Sikirou, Yéfoungnigui S. Yéo und Jean-Fabrice Adanvé. „Inventory, and Dissemination of Citrus Fungal Diseases in Benin“. International Journal of Phytopathology 13, Nr. 1 (30.04.2024): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.013.01.4712.
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Fungal diseases are a major constraint for the intensification of citrus production in Benin. The aim of this study was to identify the main citrus fungal diseases and to assess their distribution, prevalence, and severity). A total of 315 orchards were surveyed in the four agro-ecological zones (AEZ V, VI, VII, and VIII) where citrus is produced in Benin. During the surveys, samples of diseased fruits were collected for isolation in the laboratory. The results revealed four main fungal diseases including black spot caused by Phyllosticta sp., anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum sp., brown rot disease caused by Curvularia sp., and fruit rot caused by Fusarium sp. Among these diseases, black spot is the most distributed with 76.69% infected plants as compared to anthracnose, brown rot disease and fruit rot which infected 32.4%, 6.3% and 1.9% of plants respectively. The diseases severity was 2.88, 1.46, 1.08 and 0.60 for black spot, anthracnose, brown rot and fruit rot respectively. Of the three cultivated varieties, Pineapple and Valencia were susceptible to the four diseases while the variety Tangelo was less susceptible. The highest severity (3.51) was recorded in the AEZ VI and the lowest (0.81) in the AEZ VII. This study showed that citrus tree was susceptible to several diseases in Benin with black spot disease caused by Phyllosticta sp., as the most important. Any effort to increase qualitatively and quantitatively citrus productivity should be based on sustainable management of diseases
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Aleynikov, Alexander, und Mikhail Gavrish. „Method for identifying fungal diseases of cultivated plants using fuzzy logic“. E3S Web of Conferences 486 (2024): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448603011.
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The need to develop effective methods for identifying fungal diseases of cultivated plants at the initial stage of their development, allowing their use in field conditions, is substantiated. Using the example of garden strawberries, a new method for such diagnostics using impedance spectroscopy and fuzzy logic is proposed. Develop a new algorithm and software for classifying such diseases and early detection of their manifestations. The results of experimental studies to identify damage to garden strawberries by fungal pathogens Ramularia tulasnei and Marssonina potentillae are presented.
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Ramadhan, Reza, Efrida Lubis und Siti Nordahliawate Mohammed Sidique. „Initial Diagnostic of Fungal Pathogens in Coconut Plantation Plot Area in Bukit Kor, Terengganu, Malaysia“. Global Journal of Emerging Science, Engineering & Technology 2, Nr. 1 (31.05.2024): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.56225/gjeset.v2i1.36.
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Plant diseases are the diseases that most often harm cultivated plants. This attack will cause plants to be attacked by disease pathogens, especially leaves, which can cause a decrease in the plant's capacity to carry out the photosynthesis process so that during photosynthesis. This study was conducted at the Laboratory of Pests, Diseases and Microbial Biotechnology (LAPDIM) Bukit Kor Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, in September 2023. the research was conducted using a descriptive method by taking samples of plant leaves indicated to be attacked by pathogens, looking at signs on plant leaves, and identifying them under a microscope. This study aims to determine the causes of diseases that attack the leaves of mango, coconut, and papaya plants found in coconut, mango, and papaya plantations in Bukit Kor. The results showed from the sample leaves of coconut, mango and papaya plants, namely Mango (Mangifera indica), Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), and Papaya (Carica Papaya L.) are Capnodium sp, Colletotrichum sp, Culvularia sp, Hemileia sp, Fusarium Oxysporum sp, Cladosporium sp, and Cladosporium sp.
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El-Baky, Nawal Abd, und Amro Abd Al Fattah Amara. „Recent Approaches towards Control of Fungal Diseases in Plants: An Updated Review“. Journal of Fungi 7, Nr. 11 (25.10.2021): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7110900.
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Recent research demonstrates that the number of virulent phytopathogenic fungi continually grows, which leads to significant economic losses worldwide. Various procedures are currently available for the rapid detection and control of phytopathogenic fungi. Since 1940, chemical and synthetic fungicides were typically used to control phytopathogenic fungi. However, the substantial increase in development of fungal resistance to these fungicides in addition to negative effects caused by synthetic fungicides on the health of animals, human beings, and the environment results in the exploration of various new approaches and green strategies of fungal control by scientists from all over the world. In this review, the development of new approaches for controlling fungal diseases in plants is discussed. We argue that an effort should be made to bring these recent technologies to the farmer level.
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Różewicz, Marcin, Marta Wyzińska und Jerzy Grabiński. „The Most Important Fungal Diseases of Cereals—Problems and Possible Solutions“. Agronomy 11, Nr. 4 (09.04.2021): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040714.
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The level of cereal yields and the quality of these yields depend, to a large extent, on a crop management system, the genetic potential of a given cultivar, but also on factors that may cause damage to plants or a reduction in yield. Such factors include fungal diseases of cereals, which may cause a reduction in yield by 15–20%, and in extreme cases even by 60%. The main factors determining the occurrence of these pathogens are the weather conditions during the growing season of plants, crop rotation, the previous crop, the soil tillage system, and nitrogen fertilisation. Fungal diseases of cereals limit plant growth and development, as well as reduce grain yield and quality. This paper reviews the literature on fungal diseases of cereals.
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Rahman, MA, ZR Moni, MA Hussen und TH Ansari. „Prevalence Of Fungal Diseases In Medicinal Plants In Northern Region Of Bangladesh“. SAARC Journal of Agriculture 17, Nr. 2 (03.02.2020): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v17i2.45306.
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A season wise survey was conducted on the fungal diseases of some important cultivated medicinal plants in two consecutive years 2014 and 2015 in the northern region of Bangladesh. Eleven fungal diseases namely root rot (Fusarium solani) and leaf blight (Alternaria alternata) of Ashwagandha, leaf spot (Curvularia lunata) and collar rot (Fusarium oxysporium) of Alovera, powdery mildew (Erysiphe sp.) and root rot (Fusarium oxysporium) of Tulsi, collar rot (Fusarium oxysporium) and leaf spot (Collettotrichum gloeosporioides) of Kalmegh, tuberous rot (Fusarium solani) and stem rot (Fusarium oxysporium) of Satamuli, and root rot (Fusarium solani) of Basak were recorded. Most of the diseases were found in the rainy season’s comparative to other seasons. Among all the above-mentioned diseases, the powdery mildew (Erysiphe sp.) of Tulsi was found mainly in winter season. With the spreading of these fungal diseases on medicinal plants could be a set back to the industry associated with the formulation of its medicinal products. Therefore, this work may encourage other researchers to study these diseases further for development of proper management.
SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 197-212 (2019)
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Darge, Wendu A., und Samuel S. Woldemariam. „Botryosphaeria Tree Fungal Pathogens and Their Diversity“. International Journal of Phytopathology 10, Nr. 1 (30.04.2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.010.01.3447.
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The genus Botryosphaeria identified in 1863 as saprophytes of dead tissue of woody plants have been described as pathogens of economically important plantation trees in agriculture and native forests. The genus is a species-rich, worldwide distributed occurring on diverse host ranges. Species of the Botryosphaeria are reported as the pathogens of many plantation trees, including species of Acacia, Eucalyptus, and Pinus causing canker and rapid dieback diseases which often end up in death. Botryosphaeria fungal pathogens have cross pathogenicity on different host tree species which enables them important and focus area of research. The taxonomy of Botryosphaeria spp. have been under research, identification of these fungi has generally been based on morphological features of the anamorph that usually seen under the microscope. Characters that are used to classify genera in the Botryosphaeria have mostly relied on the macroscopic features of the ascospores and the conidial features. Currently, molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing involving amplification of ITS region are important for exact identification of the genera to species level. Recent molecular, phylogenetic and morphological findings showed that order Botryosphaeriales is diverse consisting nine families and 33 genera with 23 genera only in the family Botryosphaeriaceae. Botryosphaeria spp. are naturally endophytes associated with tree plants known to cause monocyclic or polycyclic diseases resulting in polyetic epidemics. The factor that makes plants more prone to Botryosphaeria fungal species is assumed to be stress or wounding associated with the host plants. Global climate change driven drought is an important factor that initiate stress resulting in nutrient deficiencies. Botryosphaeria fungal tree diseases can be best managed by ensuring plants are in optimal health through appropriate integration of cultural, silvicultural and fungicidal applications to effectively prevent and control the diseases.
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Kurkina, Yuliya. „Fungal diseases of perennial legumes herbs in Belgorod“. Adaptive Fodder Production 2022, Nr. 2 (12.09.2022): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2022-2-15-20.
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We analyzed soil samples and symptoms of mycoses of red clover, goat's rue, alfalfa, birds-foot trefoil, sandy sainfoin in the phase of budding-beginning of flowering of plants against a natural infectious background in small-plot experiments in the territory of the botanical garden of the National Research University "BelSU" (Belgorod, RF). As a result, a series of decrease in the number of propagules of soil microscopic fungi (thousand CFU/g) was compiled: alfalfa (27.8 ± 4.01) – birds-foot trefoil (23.5 ± 2.25) – sainfoin (18.3 ± 1.67) – clover (17.3 ± 2.43) – goat's rue (13.7 ± 1.21) – fallow (12.3 ± 1.73). The number of micromycete species in the fallow soil was 38, and 9–22 species decreased in the grass rhizosphere. On red clover plants, powdery mildew was recorded with an intensity of development and spread of 64% and 75%, respectively, with a shortage of green mass productivity of more than 50%. The loss of green mass productivity in clover Alternariosis was 81%. Rust of alfalfa, birds-foot and sainfoin led to losses in the productivity of green mass up to 14% and was noted with a prevalence of 20%. Symptoms of purple rhizoctoniosis, fusarium root rot, black mold, downy mildew, and yellow spot were also recorded. More than 80% of phytopathogenic fungi are representatives of the leaf-stem group, the rest are of the root-tuber group.
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Ijaz, Sara, Uswa Maryam und Nimra Zubair. „Protection Of Food From Fungal Pathogens A Review“. Devotion Journal of Community Service 3, Nr. 9 (14.07.2022): 790–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/dev.v3i9.183.
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The profitability, quality, and output volume of plant production is significantly influenced by plant fungal diseases. These phytopathogens are persistent in getting past plant defences, which leads to diseases and quality losses that cost the US economy billions of dollars every year. Farmers have employed fungicides to manage the damage caused by plant pathogenic fungus in order to combat the epidemic of fungal plant diseases. Researchers and growers are looking for alternate solutions because of drawbacks including resistance development and environmental damage linked to these drugs. Materials and Procedures Using the search terms "plant fungal pathogen," "plant extracts," and "phytopathogens," several databases were consulted to learn more about research on protecting plants against plant fungal diseases. The best extractants and bioassay methods are suggested for use. Results: Plant fungal diseases have previously been treated with biological agents in addition to conventional fungicides. There are numerous instances when plant extracts or chemicals derived from plants have been employed on a broad scale as commercial fungus deterrents in agricultural and horticultural settings. The fact that plant extracts typically include many antifungal compounds is a benefit of this strategy. Consequently, if various substances have an impact on various metabolic processes, the development of pathogen resistance may be reduced. Plants grown with the use of plant extracts may also be marketed as organic. Numerous studies on potent antibacterial substances found in plant extracts with a focus on applications in human health have been released. To create acceptable, affordable, efficient, and sustainable botanical solutions that can be utilised to combat the epidemic of plant fungal infections, more study is necessary. Conclusions: The benefits of concentrating on plant fungal infections should be considered by scientists who have solely concentrated on using plants to control human and animal fungal illnesses. This strategy is considerably simpler to assess the efficacy in greenhouse or field studies, which could boost the food security for farmers in rural areas and result in financial incentives. Extracts may still be valuable in the floriculture sector even if they are hazardous
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R, Mahalakshmi. „Diagnosing Medicinal Plants and their Fungal Diseases Using Deep Learning Models“. INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, Nr. 04 (10.04.2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30517.
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Today, with the development of technology, most manual methods have been replaced by automated computer systems for human convenience. Plant identification and disease classification are two major areas of agricultural research and are aimed at introducing computerized systems instead of manual methods. Millions of plant species are in the world and play a significant role in human life. Among all the types of plants, medicinal plants play an essential role in the traditional medical field because herbal plants can heal humans. Currently, there is a reactivation of interest in herbal medicines at the global level, and conventional medicine is now accepting the use of medicines and their products once they have been scientifically validated. To achieve this goal, we evaluated the performance of two common pre-trained deep learning models (VGG19 and ResNet50) and compared their accuracy levels Finally, the system can estimate some performance metrics such as accuracy and error rate for both algorithms and compare the algorithms based on accuracy in the form of graph. These results are promising, as they show that machine-learning techniques could be used for the early identification of medicinal plants. Our algorithm has been able to achieve a high level of accuracy in the classification of medicinal plants in training and test sets, making it a potentially valuable tool for fast and accurate diagnosis in clinical environments. Keywords—VGG19, ResNet50, Traditional medicine, Medicinal Plant Identification and Disease Classification
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Li, Xinyun, Bin Xu, Junqiang Xu, Zuosen Li, Caiqian Jiang, Ying Zhou, Zhengan Yang, Minghua Deng, Junheng Lv und Kai Zhao. „Tomato-Thaumatin-like Protein Genes Solyc08g080660 and Solyc08g080670 Confer Resistance to Five Soil-Borne Diseases by Enhancing β-1,3-Glucanase Activity“. Genes 14, Nr. 8 (14.08.2023): 1622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14081622.
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Although thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) are involved in resistance to a variety of fungal diseases, whether the TLP5 and TLP6 genes in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) confer resistance to the pathogenesis of soil-borne diseases has not been demonstrated. In this study, five soil-borne diseases (fungal pathogens: Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Verticillium dahliae; bacterial pathogens: Clavibacter michiganense subsp. michiganense and Ralstonia solanacearum) were used to infect susceptible “No. 5” and disease-resistant “S-55” tomato cultivars. We found that SlTLP5 and SlTLP6 transcript levels were higher in susceptible cultivars treated with the three fungal pathogens than in those treated with the two bacterial pathogens and that transcript levels varied depending on the pathogen. Moreover, the SlTLP5 and SlTLP6 transcript levels were much higher in disease-resistant cultivars than in disease-susceptible cultivars, and the SlTLP5 and SlTLP6 transcript levels were higher in cultivars treated with the same fungal pathogen than in those treated with bacterial pathogens. SlTLP6 transcript levels were higher than SlTLP5. SlTLP5 and SlTLP6 overexpression and gene-edited transgenic mutants were generated in both susceptible and resistant cultivars. Overexpression and knockout increased and decreased resistance to the five diseases, respectively. Transgenic plants overexpressing SlTLP5 and SlTLP6 inhibited the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) after inoculation with fungal pathogens, and the activities of POD, SOD, and APX were similar to those of fungi after infection with bacterial pathogens. The activities of CAT were increased, and the activity of β-1,3-glucanase was increased in both the fungal and bacterial treatments. Overexpressed plants were more resistant than the control plants. After SlTLP5 and SlTLP6 knockout plants were inoculated, POD, SOD, and APX had no significant changes, but CAT activity increased and decreased significantly after the fungal and bacterial treatments, contrary to overexpression. The activity of β-1,3-glucanase decreased in the treatment of the five pathogens, and the knocked-out plants were more susceptible to disease than the control. In summary, this study contributes to the further understanding of TLP disease resistance mechanisms in tomato plants.
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Magnin-Robert, Maryline, Alessandro Spagnolo, Anna Boulanger, Cécile Joyeux, Christophe Clément, Eliane Abou-Mansour und Florence Fontaine. „Changes in Plant Metabolism and Accumulation of Fungal Metabolites in Response to Esca Proper and Apoplexy Expression in the Whole Grapevine“. Phytopathology® 106, Nr. 6 (Juni 2016): 541–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-09-15-0207-r.
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Trunk diseases have become among the most important grapevine diseases worldwide. They are caused by fungal pathogens that attack the permanent woody structure of the vines and cause various symptoms in woody and annual organs. This study examined modifications of plant responses in green stem, cordon, and trunk of grapevines expressing Esca proper (E) or apoplexy (A) event, which are the most frequent grapevine trunk disease symptoms observed in Europe. Transcript expression of a set of plant defense- and stress-related genes was monitored by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction while plant phytoalexins and fungal metabolites were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in order to characterize the interaction between the grapevine and trunk disease agents. Expression of genes encoding enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway and trans-resveratrol content were altered in the three organs of diseased plants, especially in the young tissues of A plants. Pathogenesis-related proteins and the antioxidant system were severely modulated in A plants, which indicates a drastic stress effect. In the meantime, fungal polyketides 6-MSA, (R)-mellein, and (3R,4R)-4-hydroxymellein, were accumulated in A plants, which suggests their potential effect on plant metabolism during the appearance of foliar symptoms.
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Mazur, S., J. Nawrocki und J. Kućmierz. „Fungal diseases of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivated in the south region of Poland“. Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (31.12.2017): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10483-pps.
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The investigations carried out in the last years showed that weather conditions were conductive to growth of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Poland. Our experiments started since 2000 on two cultivars Myles and Sanford. Evans replaced cv. Sanford in second year. The results pointed to the cv. Myles as generally healthiest and the percentage of infested plants was 3.2% in the first year and 0.92% in the next year. The experiment showed that the most important threats for plants during vegetation season were fungi from the genus Fusarium and Rhizoctonia solani, isolated most often from roots. The basal parts of the stems affected mainly Alternaria genus. Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium avenaceum and Alternaria sp. attack most frequently pods and seeds.
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Sakr, N. „The role of silicon (Si) in increasing plant resistance against fungal diseases“. Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 9, Nr. 1 (01.01.2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hppj-2016-0001.
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Summary The use of silicon (Si) in agriculture has attracted a great deal of interest from researchers because of the numerous benefits of this element to plants. The use of silicon has decreased the intensity of several diseases in crops of great economic importance. In this study, the relationship between silicon nutrition and fungal disease development in plants was reviewed. The current review underlines the agricultural importance of silicon in crops, the potential for controlling fungal plant pathogens by silicon treatment, the different mechanisms of silicon-enhanced resistance, and the inhibitory effects of silicon on plant pathogenic fungi in vitro. By combining the data presented in this paper, a better comprehension of the relationship between silicon treatments, increasing plant resistance, and decreasing severity of fungal diseases could be achieved.
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Braithwaite, M., C. F. Hill, S. Ganev, J. M. Pay, H. G. Pearson und B. J. R. Alexander. „A survey of subtropical nursery plants for fungal diseases in Northland“. New Zealand Plant Protection 59 (01.08.2006): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2006.59.4449.
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During 2003 and 2004 fortyfive randomly selected wholesale and retail plant nurseries were surveyed for plant diseases The plant families Agavaceae Annonaceae Arecaceae Bromeliaceae Cycadaceae and Musaceae were targeted Plants were examined in situ for disease symptoms as well as samples being collected for laboratory analyses Fungi were identified using morphological characteristics and where necessary with molecular techniques The survey resulted in a range of fungi being identified from the target plants These fungi ranged from saprophytes to plant pathogens some of which may have undesirable effects on New Zealands biodiversity or economy Many new host/pathogen records were observed and several fungi were detected for the first time in New Zealand This paper presents and discusses the results of these findings
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Kashem, Md Abul, Md Towhid Hossain und MN Anwar. „Isolation and Characterization of Locally Isolated Jute Fungi and Determination of their Pathogenicity“. Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 35, Nr. 1 (15.01.2019): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v35i1.39806.
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Currently Jute farmer faces a number of problems in jute sector such as higher labor cost, fungal diseases, low market price, natural disasters etc. As a result the production of jute is far below than the desired figure. The severe yield lost of jute depends on a number of factors of which fungal diseases play a dominant role. In the present investigation 56 samples of infected jute plants were collected from 8 (Eight) different area of Bangladesh and the samples were investigated by Agar plate and Blotter methods. Symptoms of diseases were recorded and associated fungal pathogens were purified and characterized. Based on cultural and morphological characterizations three fungal pathogens were identified as Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. (Griffon & Maubl.), Colletotrichum corchori (Ikata and Yoshida) and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid and allthe isolates showed their pathogenicity on jute plants.
Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 35 Number 1 June 2018, pp 67-73
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Alfa, Teou, Kokou Anani, Yao Adjrah, Komlan Batawila und Yaovi Ameyapoh. „Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used Against Fungal Infections in Prefecture of Sotouboua Central Region, Togo“. European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, Nr. 3 (31.01.2018): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n3p342.
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Plants are a major source of active ingredients and are for that fact used to treat many diseases such as fungal infections. The objective of this study was to identify the plants used in traditional medicine to treat fungal diseases in the prefecture of Sotouboua. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among healers, elderly and knowledgeable villagers. A semi structured questionnaire and pictures showing common and easily recognizable fungal infection symptoms were used to support a live interview. During this study, 37 plant species belonging to 20 families have been identified. Fabaceae were the most represented family (7 species). The most used parts were leaves (43, 24%) followed by the roots (18, 91%). The decoction is the preferred method of preparation while the oral route is the main route of administration. Sotouboua prefecture in Togo has significant plant biodiversity that is used by dwellers in the management of fungal diseases.
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Tomoshevich, M. A., D. Belomesyatseva, E. V. Banaev, I. G. Vorob’eva und T. Shabashova. „Comparative Analysis of Foliar Diseases of Some Native and Non-Native Tree Species in Belarus and Siberia“. Contemporary Problems of Ecology 16, Nr. 2 (April 2023): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995425523020166.
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Abstract Urban green spaces are known to be subjected to additional anthropogenic stress. Using native plants in monoculture, i.e., planting trees of the same species, may favour disease outbreaks and plant death. Non-native plants to be used in large cities for creating sustainable plantations are being searched for worldwide. Meanwhile, it is necessary to control plant pathogens in the variable conditions of the region and natural habitat. In Siberian cities, non-native European trees are used, and non-native Siberian plants are introduced in Belarus. This article reports long-term observations of foliar fungal pathogens attacking 21 woody plants (19 European, 2 Siberian) in Siberian and Belarusian cities. In both regions, 48 leaf fungal pathogens were detected, with powdery mildew fungi predominating in Belarus and leaf spotting fungi prevailing in Siberia. In both research regions, the greatest number of fungal species was found on Syringa vulgaris L. In Siberia, many pathogens were found on the non-native European plant Berberis vulgaris (9 species) and native plant Caragana arborescens Lam. (8 species). We have not detected the pathogens on European plants: Acer campestre L., Acer platanoides L., Euonymus europaeus L., Lonicera caprifolium L. in urban green areas in Siberia, while we have identified one to four foliar fungal pathogens on these plants in Belarus. To sum up: more pathogens were found on native plants in Siberia and Belarus; some leaf pathogen species (Sawadaea tulasnei (Fuckel) Homma, Erysiphe alphitoides (Griffon & Maubl.) U. Braun & S. Takam., Cladosporium syringae (Oudem.) Montem., Erysiphe syringae Schwein., Erysiphe palczewskii (Jacz.) U. Braun & S. Takam.) followed their host plants (Acer tataricum L., Syringa vulgaris L., Caragana arborescens Lam.) when introduced into new areas; and some local pathogens were also observed to spread to the non-native plants of closely related species.
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Jha, Sanjay Kumar, und Sita Lamichhane. „Study of Some Fungal Diseases of Tomato in Kathmandu Valley“. AMC Journal (Dhangadhi) 4, Nr. 1 (27.09.2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/amcjd.v4i1.58826.
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Tomato plants were observed and collected the infected part from Jitpurphedi of Kathmandu, Nepal. These infected parts were kept in pathology lab for fungal isolation. The isolated fungus from the infected tomato plants were as Septoria lycopersici, Cladosporium oxysporum were responsible for leaf spot, Phytophthora infestans and Rhizoctonia solani were responsible for Leaf blight, Cladosporium cladosporioides was responsible for fruit rot, Leveilullataurica was responsible for powdery mildew and Plasmoparaviticola was responsible for downey mildew disease. In the survey period, the highest incidence was found at leaf blight (30.08%) and lowest at stem rot (4.64%). In the case of severity, the maximum severity was found at Downey mildew (77%) and minimum was recorded at fruit rot (5.25%) on five different plastic houses.
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Aleinikov, A. F. „METHOD OF NON-INVASIVE DETERMINATION OF FUNGAL DISEASES OF COMMON GARDEN STRAWBERRY“. Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 48, Nr. 3 (25.07.2018): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2018-3-10.
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The relevance of early undamaging diagnosis of fungal, viral and bacterial diseases of common garden strawberry is proved. External symptoms of fungal diseases are given. On the basis of literature data, the existing optical methods of early diagnostics of cultivated plants are analyzed. It is established that the methods of pixel calculation of the image in the space of color channels of red, green and blue colors are more preferable than other optical methods for detection of strawberry fungal diseases. This results from the fact that fungal diseases create specific color spots and their distribution on the surface of a plant can be easily identified in the colorimetric CIE Lab system. The work presents a number of approaches to the new method of early diagnostics of common garden strawberry fungal diseases with use of technical means and software developed for the smartphone. Implementation of the method does not require big expenses as it is done in the form of the software application in the smartphone on the basis of the Android operating system. This application will enable to obtain high quality images of a leaf of a plant, it will also provide segmentation and calculation of the quantity and the specific area of color spots on a contour of a leaf. Moreover, it will work with the database of model images of plants with fungal diseases. Classification of fungal diseases and forecasting of their development will be carried out by means of artificial neural network. The proposed method will allow to determine diseases of common garden strawberry leaves, to predict their development and to establish possible borders of distribution on the chosen plantation.
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Nazarov, Pavel A., Dmitry N. Baleev, Maria I. Ivanova, Luybov M. Sokolova und Marina V. Karakozova. „Infectious plant diseases: etiology, current status, problems and prospects in plant protection“. Acta Naturae 12, Nr. 3 (27.10.2020): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/actanaturae.11026.
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In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of diseases caused by bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. Infections affect plants at different stages of agricultural production. Depending on weather conditions and the phytosanitary condition of crops, the prevalence of diseases can reach 7080% of the total plant population, and the yield can decrease in some cases down to 8098%. Plants have innate cellular immunity, but specific phytopathogens have an ability to evade that immunity. This article examined phytopathogens of viral, fungal, and bacterial nature and explored the concepts of modern plant protection, methods of chemical, biological, and agrotechnical control, as well as modern methods used for identifying phytopathogens.
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Bulajić, Aleksandra, Mira Vojvodić und Brankica Tanović. „Fungal diseases of beans and green beans“. Biljni lekar 49, Nr. 6 (2021): 745–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/biljlek2106745b.
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The Leguminosae plant family comprises a large number of agricultural species, including important crops of field, vegetable and staple plants. According to the biological characteristics and significance for human consumption, the most prominent crop is bean, traditionally grown in Serbia either as dry bean or as a vegetable - green beans. Production of dry and green beans in our country have the trend of reduction of sowed areas, with small average yields and enormous international trade deficits. Due to these reasons and high domestic demand, there is great potential for dry and green bean production in Serbia. In many parts of the world, plant pathogenic fungi and fungi-like organisms cause high, and in some cases total, annual yield losses. On the other hand, mycoses of bean in our country are greatly understudied, even on basic levels such as presence and distribution of fungal pathogens. In this paper, we summarize the current knowledge on the most important pathogenic fungi infecting beans worldwide, particularly related to losses, symptomatology, survival and dispersal means. Furthermore, appropriate and available disease control measures are discussed as an encouragement and support for domestic production in obtaining high and safe yields.
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Nineck, Tchang Hourounou, Mboussi Serge Bertrant, Molo Thierry, Molo Nathalie Shérifa, Ndzana Ndzana Emile Lionel Landry und Likeng-Li-Ngue Benoit Constant. „Evaluation of Local Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes for Resistance to Fungal Diseases in the Bimodal-rainfall Forest Zone of Cameroon“. International Journal of Pathogen Research 13, Nr. 2 (21.03.2024): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2024/v13i2276.
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The general objective of the present study was to evaluate the susceptibility to fungal diseases of some bean collections in the bimodal rainfall forest zone of Cameroon. To this end, 12 bean collections from Foumbot were grown at the University of Yaoundé I in a completely randomized block design without phytosanitary treatments. Symptoms identified on the leaves of diseased plants were used to characterize the fungal agents in the laboratory using an identification key. Incidence and severity were assessed, as well as the number of pods and seeds in plants under fungal pressure. Following the evolution of symptoms, all collections showed fungal disease attacks at different rates. Macroscopic and microscopic laboratory observations identified Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Uromices appendiculatus and Fusarium solani as the fungal agents responsible for these symptoms. The incidence of disease caused by F. solani was lower in the NJBPRNV (16.67%) and NJBV (22.22%) collections, as was severity (3.33% and 4.44%). On the other hand, the LGRTE (47.06%) and GGRBE (44.44%) LGRV (43.75%) collections showed high incidences of disease caused by S. sclerotiorum, U. appendiculatus and F. solani respectively. Considering the number of seeds, the KPGPV (403.2 seeds) and KPGPTV (350.4 seeds) collections recorded the highest number of seeds, compared with the GGRBE (15.93 seeds); LGRTE (23.87 seeds); GGRBTE (25.53 seeds); LGRV (42.4 seeds) and GGRTE (52.2 seeds) collections. However, the NJBPRNV collection requires special attention in varietal creation, given its greater resistance to the fungal diseases identified.
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Traversari, Silvia, Sonia Cacini, Angelica Galieni, Beatrice Nesi, Nicola Nicastro und Catello Pane. „Precision Agriculture Digital Technologies for Sustainable Fungal Disease Management of Ornamental Plants“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 7 (26.03.2021): 3707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073707.
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Ornamental plant production constitutes an important sector of the horticultural industry worldwide and fungal infections, that dramatically affect the aesthetic quality of plants, can cause serious economic and crop losses. The need to reduce the use of pesticides for controlling fungal outbreaks requires the development of new sustainable strategies for pathogen control. In particular, early and accurate large-scale detection of occurring symptoms is critical to face the ambitious challenge of an effective, energy-saving, and precise disease management. Here, the new trends in digital-based detection and available tools to treat fungal infections are presented in comparison with conventional practices. Recent advances in molecular biology tools, spectroscopic and imaging technologies and fungal risk models based on microclimate trends are examined. The revised spectroscopic and imaging technologies were tested through a case study on rose plants showing important fungal diseases (i.e., spot spectroscopy, hyperspectral, multispectral, and thermal imaging, fluorescence sensors). The final aim was the examination of conventional practices and current e-tools to gain the early detection of plant diseases, the identification of timing and spacing for their proper management, reduction in crop losses through environmentally friendly and sustainable production systems. Moreover, future perspectives for enhancing the integration of all these approaches are discussed.
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Chelladurai, K., N. Sujatha und Latha Narayanan Valli. „Fungal infection in plant leaves-A Review“. E3S Web of Conferences 399 (2023): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339902010.
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The primary resource of a country is agriculture and crop production. The economic development of the country also resides on the agricultural products which ultimately determines the growth of the citizen. The major crisis in food production is the influence of diseases in plants. This ultimately abolish the economy of the country, as major portion of progress of the nation is dependent on agriculture and its products. The challenges faced by the farmers are the unawareness of the various diseases that affects different parts of the plants. They should be able to identify the early infection caused in plants by different pathogens like bacteria, fungi, virus etc., Main disease-causing agent is found to be the fungus which was the vital factor that produce serious loss in the agriculture. Again, the pesticides and fertilizers used by the agriculturist changes to be hazardous for human beings and wild life species. This problem should be considered as a chief calamity and an alternate measure must be found to support the cultivators. An innovative step adopted by the researchers are prompt detection of the diseases using machine learning and deep learning algorithms. These algorithms use different image processing techniques and computer vision process to classify the disease in plant parts at an earlier stage. This paper provides a detailed review on the fungal infection caused in plant leaves and its identification using deep learning methodology.
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Unnikrishnan, Boby Vattekkattu, und Mahesh Mohan. „Prospects of fungal endophytes for stress mitigation in rice (Oryza sativa L.)“. Oryza-An International Journal on Rice 59, Nr. 3 (30.09.2022): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35709/ory.2022.59.3.6.
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Fungal endophytes are highly diverse in their functions and impart functional advantage to the host plants. Application of fungal endophytes is gaining relevance in field of agriculture as an ecofriendly approach and means of reducing pesticide application in crop plants. Rice production is known to be affected by both biotic and abiotic stresses and application of microbes could be one of the means of reducing the stresses. Fungal endophytes are isolated and studied from various parts of rice plants and they are reported to be involved in improving the growth and reducing various stresses during plant growth. This review discusses about relevance and potential of fungal endophytes in rice on mitigating various stresses like drought, salinity, heat, heavy metals and biotic elements such as diseases and pests.
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Oliver, Richard P., und Peter S. Solomon. „Recent Fungal Diseases of Crop Plants: Is Lateral Gene Transfer a Common Theme?“ Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 21, Nr. 3 (März 2008): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-21-3-0287.
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A cursory glance at old textbooks of plant pathology reveals that the diseases which are the current scourge of agriculture in many parts of the world are a different set from those that were prominent 50 or 100 years ago. Why have these new diseases arisen? The traditional explanations subscribe to the “nature abhors a vacuum” principle—that control of one disease creates the condition for the emergence of a replacement—but does little to explain why the new pathogen succeeds. The emergence of a new disease requires a series of conditions and steps, including the enhanced fecundity of the new pathogen, enhanced survival from season to season, and spread around the world. Recently, evidence was obtained that wheat tan spot emerged through a lateral gene transfer event some time prior to 1941. Although there have been sporadic and persistent reports of lateral gene transfer between and into fungal plant pathogens, most examples have been dismissed through incomplete evidence. The completion of whole genome sequences of an increasing number of fungal pathogens no longer allows such proposed cases of lateral gene transfer to be dismissed so easily. How frequent are lateral gene transfers involving fungal plant pathogens, and can this process explain the emergence of many of the new diseases of the recent past? Many of the apparently new diseases are dependant on the expression of host-specific toxins. These are enigmatic molecules whose action requires the presence of plant genes with products that specifically encode sensitivity to the toxin and susceptibility to the disease. It is also notable that many new diseases belong to the fungal taxon dothideomycetes. This review explores the coincidence of new diseases, interspecific gene transfer, host-specific toxins, and the dothideomycete class.
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Ebbole, Daniel J. „Hydrophobins and fungal infection of plants and animals“. Trends in Microbiology 5, Nr. 10 (Oktober 1997): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(97)01130-x.
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Tuleubayeva, A., A. Ospanova und A. Beysembay. „Research of fungal diseases of herbaceous plants exposed from Aksu Ferroalloy Plant“. Bulletin of the Innovative University of Eurasia 81, Nr. 1 (27.03.2021): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37788/2021-1/126-131.
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Main problem: Technogenic "metamorphosis" of vegetation near such large industrial facilities as Pavlodar is considered to be the result of various active chemical and mechanical factors provoked by economic activities associated with the influence of emissions from industrial companies. The effect of anthropogenic impacts on vegetation in all regions of Kazakhstan varies and is largely dependent on the economic development of the territory, but in any case, the end result of this impact is the change in the vegetation, causing violations of with structure, reduced vodorazdelnaya flora and productivity of communities. This, in turn, can cause infection of herbaceous plants with pathogenic fungi, which then carry with them: a decrease in the intensity of plant growth, a deterioration in their decorative qualities, a decrease in the survival of the biological species. Purpose: to study the types of fungi-pathogens of phytopathogenic diseases and to determine the degree of modification of the plant component, which is under intense negative technogenic influence from the Aksu Ferroalloy Plant (AFР). Мethods: For the experimental study, species of plants such as: Artemisia dracunculus L; Artemesia vulgaris L; Atriplex fera L; Atriplex patula L; Artemisia annua L were selected for the content of fungi- pathogens of phytopathogenic diseases. Results and their significance: This experimental study was aimed at the presence of fungi-pathogens of herbaceous plants as a result of human impact, occurring near the industrial zone "AFР". The composition of fungi-pathogens of herbaceous plants collected in this industrial zone was considered and studied. According to the results of an experimental laboratory study, phytopathogenic fungi of herbaceous plants belonging to 1 ordo, 1 familia, and 4 species were found.
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Derevnina, Lida, Benjamin Petre, Ronny Kellner, Yasin F. Dagdas, Mohammad Nasif Sarowar, Artemis Giannakopoulou, Juan Carlos De la Concepcion et al. „Emerging oomycete threats to plants and animals“. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, Nr. 1709 (05.12.2016): 20150459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0459.
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Oomycetes, or water moulds, are fungal-like organisms phylogenetically related to algae. They cause devastating diseases in both plants and animals. Here, we describe seven oomycete species that are emerging or re-emerging threats to agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture and natural ecosystems. They include the plant pathogens Phytophthora infestans , Phytophthora palmivora , Phytophthora ramorum , Plasmopara obducens , and the animal pathogens Aphanomyces invadans , Saprolegnia parasitica and Halioticida noduliformans . For each species, we describe its pathology, importance and impact, discuss why it is an emerging threat and briefly review current research activities. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience’.
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Ziedan, El-Sayed, Ibrahim Elewa, Mostafa Mostafa und Ahmed Sahab. „Application of Mycorrhizae for Controlling Root Diseases of Sesame“. Journal of Plant Protection Research 51, Nr. 4 (01.10.2011): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-011-0058-0.
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Application of Mycorrhizae for Controlling Root Diseases of Sesame Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (VAM) was evaluated as a biotic agent for controlling wilt and root-rot diseases of sesame caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. sesami (Zap.) Cast and Macrophomina phaseolina (Moubl) Ashby pathogens can infect sesame plant at any growth stage causing considerable losses of seed yield. Spores of VA mycorrhizae fungi (Glomus spp.) were collected from the soil around the root systems of sesame plants then propagated on roots of Suddan grass (Sorghum vulgare var. sudanese). Under green house and field conditions, two hundreds sporocarps of Glomus spp. were added as a soil drench beside the sesame plant. Glomus spp. (VA mycorrhizae) significantly reduced wilt and root-rot incidence of sesame plants. Lums spp. (VA mycorrhizae) also significantly increased plant morphological characters such as plant height, number of branches and number of pods for each plant. Application of Glomus spp. to protect sesame plants by colonizing the root system, significantly reduced colonization of fungal pathogens in sesame rhizosphere as well as pathogenic activity of fungal pathogens increased lignin contents in the sesame root system were also observed. Furthermore, mycorrhizae treatment provided selective bacterial stimulation for colonization on sesame rhizosphere. These bacteria belonging the Bacillus group showed highly antagonistic potential to fungal pathogens. Application of mycorrhizae together with other biocontrol agent such as Trichoderma viride or Bacillus subtilis significantly effected than individual treatments for controlling these diseases incidences and increasing morphological characters and seed yield of sesame.
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Bačelis, K., und E. Gruzdevienė. „DISEASE RESISTANT VARIETY – A WAY OF THE ECOLOGICAL FLAX PROTECTION IN LITHUANIA“. Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (26.06.2006): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2003vol1.1974.
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Different methods to control flax diseases are admissible in the modern plant protection. It is advised to treat seeds and growing plants by fungicides to kill the pathogens of fungal diseases. Fertilisation by microelements and using of right means of agrotechnology (optimal sowing time, resistant varieties etc.) are preventing plants from physiological injures. However, one of the most effective means against diseases is development and growing of resistant varieties.Fibre flax breeding has been carried out in Lithuania since 1922 in Dotnuva Plant Breeding Station. Since 1965 this work is being done in Upyte Research Station.In this paper we analyse a fibre flax collection in Upyte Research Station and show that some varieties are resistant to most widespread flax fungal diseases.
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Hussain, Tanveer, Muhammad Ishtiaq, Faheem Ahmed Khan, Tariq Saiff Ullah und Isfa Shabir. „Identification of aggressive microfungal pathogens of wheat crop from Bhimber Azad Kashmir and effective biomanagement of a most dominant pathogen Alternatia solani“. Natural Resources Conservation and Research 6, Nr. 1 (13.07.2023): 2130. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/nrcr.v6i1.2130.
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Fungal diseases affect both the productivity and sustainability of wheat crop. The aim of present study was to document the fungal diseases of wheat crop and biological management of a most dominant fungal pathogen Alternaria solani by using medicinal plant extracts. Fungal infected wheat plants were collected from different sites of District Bhimber, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Sukasan, Kool, Gurha Liliyan, Gurha Matyal, Dheri Wattan, and Pothi) and these fungal infected wheat plants were examined under field and greenhouse conditions by using four different plant extracts to check the severity rate of fungal diseases. Three contagious species were isolated from regularly contaminated wheat leaves and other natural items demonstrating the indications of scourges and most dominant species recognized as A. solani. The antifungal action of four plant’s leaf solutions including Nerium oleander (Oleander), Allium sativum (Garlic), Ocimum basilicum (Sweat Basil) and Eucalyptus chamadulonsis (Eucalyptus) have been attempted to control Alternaria solani in an artificial medium and in natural conditions. In an artificial medium, decoction of Allium sativum bulb at 5% fixation caused the most noteworthy lessening in mycelial improvement of A. solani (40.2%), while Ocimum basilicum at 1% and 5% fixation and Nerium oleander at 5% fixation the most decreases obstruct the mycelial advancement of the microorganism. In nursery analyzes, the most serious diminishing in contamination seriousness was brought about by the bulb extract of Allium sativum on 5% fixation as well as Nerium oleander on 1% and 5% fixations. The best decline in infection seriousness was accomplished with Allium sativum on 5% fixation, but the slightest decrease was observed after treatment of wheat plants with Nerium oleander on 1% and 5% application (22.3% and 30.2%, respectively). Allium sativum at 5% application expanded natural product yield by 35.2% and 40.2% as opposed to contaminated control. It was concluded that all selected medicinal plants reduced the selected disease and furthermore upgraded grain yield as opposed to contaminated control in field crop diseases especially Alternaria solani attack on wheat.
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Rajan, DR Jenifer Solomon. „SCREENING OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST Thielaviopsis spp-A DISEASE CAUSING PLANT FUNGUS“. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN NATURAL SCIENCES 2, Nr. 1 (25.05.2015): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jns.v2i1.372.
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Medicinal plants have been used in the prevention, treatment and cure disorders and diseases in ancient times and they provide abundant resources of antimicrobial compounds, has been used for centuries to inhibit the microbial growth. Diseases of medicinal plants were caused by the pathogenic microbes: especially fungi are common throughout the world. Microbial diseases of plants cause malfunctions such as disturb normal functions by degrading enzymes, toxin and growth substances, reduce the yield, survival capacity and resulting to death. In recent times, the medicinal plants were affected by exogenous, endogenous and microbial infections. The medicinal plant plant Argemone mexicana L. (Mexican poppy) is an annual exotic weed flora used for medicine in several countries throut the world and chosen for this study.This plant was frequently affected by many fungal pathogens. The present investigation focuses the isolation of frequent disease causing fungal pathogen(Thielaviopsis spp)from infected leaves and their control measures by using herbal extracts(Acalypha indica ,Catharanthus roseus  and Murraya koenigii  ) via. Invitro approach.
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Domingues, S. C. O., L. C. A. Oliveira, K. S. M. Rocha, L. A. Colpo, M. A. C. Carvalho, D. L. Matos und I. V. Karsburg. „Pathogens associated with diseases in native orchids of the region of Southern Amazonia“. Scientific Electronic Archives 13, Nr. 4 (31.03.2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1342020866.
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The orchids have a great diversity of genus and species, which contributes to a singular wealth of flowers, that present immense variation of colors and forms. Within the trade of ornamental plants orchids constitute a promising area of agribusiness, with high added value. However, one of the major limitations for the production of these plants is the incidence of diseases, mainly caused by fungi. In this context, the objective of the study was to isolate and identify fungi from orchids with a symptomatological picture of disease of fungal etiology. The incidence of 3 genera of pathogens of fungal etiology in 10 genera of orchids was verified. The causal agent with the highest percentage of frequency was Nigrospora sp.
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Stehno, Z. „Emmer wheat Rudico can extend the spectra of cultivated plants – Short Communication“. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 43, No. 3 (07.01.2008): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2072-cjgpb.
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Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schübl. or also T. dicoccon Schrank) tetraploid wheat species was grown in the Czech territory till the 6th century A.D. when it was replaced by bread wheat. At present only landraces and wild forms of this species are available in collections of genetic resources. With the aim to extend the spectra of grown crops, a collection of emmer genetic resources in the Czech Gene Bank was studied. An accession later in ripeness, with a good level of resistance to fungal diseases and with a high yield potential was selected from the collection. After bulk selection procedure and three year testing it gained a certificate of legal protection as cultivar Rudico. The cultivar with high protein content and very good resistance to fungal diseases was found to be able to meet the requirements for organic growing systems as well.