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1
Conradie, Simone. „Verb movement parameters in Afrikaans : investigating the Full Transfer Full Access hypothesis“. Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85899.
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This thesis sets out to test the Full Transfer Full Access hypothesis (FTFA), which claims (i) that second language (L2) learners start out with the parameter settings instantiated in their first language (L1) grammars ('full transfer') and (ii) that they can subsequently reset parameters to the target L2 settings where these differ from the L1 settings, provided the required (triggering) positive evidence is available in the L2 input ('full access').Three studies on the L2 acquisition of two verb movement parameters, the V2 parameter and the Split-IP parameter (SIP), are reported. The first study investigates 'full access', testing whether English-speaking learners of Afrikaans, who started acquiring the L2 in early childhood and are thus child L2 learners, can reset the two parameters. The second study investigates 'full transfer' and 'full access' by testing whether English-speaking and German-speaking learners start out with different settings of the two parameters and whether the English-speaking learners can reset the parameters. All participants in this study are adult L2 learners, which facilitates a comparison of child L2 acquisition (first study) with adult L2 acquisition. The third study investigates whether Afrikaans-speaking learners of French can acquire knowledge of the ungrammaticality of certain construction types that are allowed in their L1 but not in the L2 (although the languages share the same parameter setting), despite the fact that there seems to be no positive evidence to this effect in the L2 input. It is argued that, taken together, the studies provide evidence in support of the FTFA.
The original contribution of this thesis lies in (i) investigating both verb movement parameters (instead of only one), (ii) providing a thorough discussion of the relevant syntactic properties of Afrikaans, (iii) investigating the L2 acquisition of Afrikaans, and (iv) addressing the question of how learners go about acquiring a parameter setting ([+SIP]) in cases where both the L1 and the L2 share the parameter setting but the L1 exhibits a superset of the properties exhibited by the L2.
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Barner, David. „Light verbs and the flexible use of words as noun and verb in early language learning“. Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32752.
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The present thesis investigated two questions: (1) is there a correspondence between lexico-semantic categories like object and syntactic categories like noun in acquisition, and (2) can the late emergence of action nouns be explained by their use in longer, "complex predicate" constructions (CP), such as Have a hug?Paper 1 examined the use of words that can appear as noun or verb, in the speech of nine English-speaking children (aged 1;3--2;6) and their caregivers. Children showed a strong polarization in their productions, using a majority of object words consistently as nouns and non-object words consistently as verbs. However, children also showed some flexibility, and used fewer non-object words as nouns than object words as verbs.
Paper 2 investigated words used by caregivers in CPs to those that were not in the speech of nine English-speaking children (aged 1;3 to 4;6). On average, words used in CPs by caregivers emerged later in child speech that non-CP words. Also, at early stages children had not mastered the use of verbs required for CPs. It was concluded that words used in CPs (i.e. action nouns), may emerge late due to their use in these expressions, and not due to a problem understanding the semantics of action words.
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Solin, Doreen (Doreen Frances). „Germanic verb order : the case for INFL-second“. Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60097.
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Within the framework of Government-Binding Theory, this thesis argues that the Germanic languages, including German and related languages, should be analyzed as having INFL-second underlying work order. Contrary to traditional generative treatments of the so-called "verb-second" (V2) phenomenon, it is claimed here, in light of certain subtle asymmetries, that the final target site of the moved verb is INFL (I$ sp0)$ in sentences with pre-verbal subjects and COMP (C$ sp0)$ in those with pre-verbal non-subjects.It is further maintained that an analysis, as modified and extended in the thesis, in which verb movement is triggered by the Empty Category Principle (ECP) is superior, on both conceptual and empirical grounds, to other theories advanced by generativists to date. A wide variety of clause types in the modern Germanic languages, including in particular German V2 complements and Icelandic infinitival complements, are examined, the final chapter being devoted to a proposal concerning German "parentheticals".
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Goldberg, Lotus Madelyn. „Verb-stranding VP ellipsis : a cross-linguistic study“. Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=50177.
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This thesis presents a study of a construction which I refer to as Verb-Stranding VP Ellipsis. The construction is studied here, specifically, in two distinct senses. First, in chapter two, diagnostics are proposed by which the VP Ellipsis ("VPE") construction can be identified—irrespective of whether the main verb involved is null or overt. It is proposed that these diagnostics can be used to rule out the possibility that the data at issue are cases of other types of null anaphora, such as null arguments, Stripping, Gapping, and Null Complement Anaphora. It emerges from this section of the thesis that Modern Hebrew, Modern Irish, and Swahili have V-Stranding VPE data which form a natural class with English's Aux-Stranding VPE, while Japanese, Korean, Italian, and Spanish do not. The second focus is the question of how V-Stranding VPE should be generated. Chapters 3 and 4 argue in favor of an analysis involving PF Deletion of a VP out of which the main verb has raised, and against an LF Copying treatment. These arguments, in part, involve the Verbal Identity Requirement on VP Ellipsis, a novel generalization involving strict identity in root and derivational morphology between the antecedent- and target clause main Vs of the construction. Within the previously known requirement that elided phrases express semantically Given information, I argue that this generalization results from the fact that the head of an elided phrase must itself express Given information—whether or not the head surfaces as phonologically null.Dans cette étude, on considère en detail une construction que j'appelle « L'élision d'une expression verbale sans l'élision du verbe principal » (anglais « V-Stranding VP Ellipsis »). Cette construction est étudiée ici, spécifiquement, dans deux sens distincts. Dans le chapitre 2, on propose des diagnostics grace auxquels on peut identifier la construction « élision d'une expression verbale » (« EEV », anglais « VP Ellipsis »), que le verbe principal dans l'expression verbale soit manifeste ou élidé. On soutient que ces diagnostics peuvent être utilisés pour éliminer la possibilité que les données pertinentes soient des exemples d'autres types d'anaphore nulle, tels que argument du verbe nul, le « Stripping », le « Gapping », et le « Null Complement Anaphora ». Ainsi, on propose dans cette section que l'EEV sans l'élision du verbe dans les grammaires de l'hebreu, de l'irlaindais et du swahili forme une classe naturelle avec l'EEV avec l'élision du verbe en anglais. On soutient aussi que cette construction n'existent pas en japonais, en coréen, en espagnol, ou en italienne. Ensuite, on considère la question de comment génerer les exemples d'EEV sans l'élision du verbe. Dans les chapitres 3 et 4, on propose une analyse qui utilise la suppression d'une expression verbale au niveau de la Forme Phonologique (« la suppression FP », anglais « PF Deletion ») aprês le placement du verbe principal a une position en dehors de l'expression verbale, et on presente une explication de la raison pour laquelle une analyse qui utilise des copies de la Forme Logique (« copie FL », anglais « LF Copying ») n'est pas viable. Ceci implique, en partie, la Condition d'Identite Verbale, une généralisation proposé ici pour la premiêre fois, impliquant une identité stricte de la racine et dans la morphologie dérivationnelle entre les verbes principaux des propositions antécedentes et des propositions ciblés. Dans le cadre de la condition connue selon laquelle les syntagmes élidés expriment une information sémantique donnée (anglais « Given »), j e soutiens que la condition d'identité verbale resulte du fait que la tete d'un syntagme élidé doit elle-meme exprimer l'information donnée sémantiquement—que la téte soit phonologiquement manifeste ou nulle.
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Mayo, Lori. „Processing of verb tense in developmentally language impaired individuals“. Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22771.
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The present study is an investigation of on-line and off-line processing of verb tense in individuals with developmental language impairment. Three groups of subjects performed two experiments, (1) a lexical decision task (on-line) and, (2) a grammaticality judgement task (off-line). Grammaticality was controlled by the manipulation of tense for regular and irregular verbs. Participants were six members of a large British familial aggregation diagnosed with developmental language impairment, six of their unaffected relatives, and seven unaffected Canadian individuals. The results of the lexical decision task indicate that the reaction times of the affected group were slower than the Canadian control group. Unlike the control groups, the affected group was influenced by regular and irregular verb type distinctions. Reaction times across grammatical and ungrammatical conditions did not differ among the three groups. The groups differed significantly in the off-line task; accuracy of the affected subjects was poor, while the control subjects were highly accurate. The implications of these findings for linguistic theories of SLI such as the missing rules hypothesis (Gopnik, in press) are discussed.
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Blais, Mary-Jane. „Explicit and implicit semantic processing of verb- particle constructions in L2“. Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110436.
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Verb-particle constructions (phrasal verbs) are a notoriously difficult aspect of English to acquire for second-language (L2) learners, especially for those whose L1 lacks verb-particles. The present study was conducted to assess whether L2 English speakers would show sensitivity to the subtle semantic properties of these constructions, namely the gradations in semantic transparency of different verb-particle constructions (e.g., finish up vs. chew out). L1 French, L2 English bilingual participants completed an off-line (explicit) survey of similarity ratings, as well as an on-line (implicit) masked priming task. In their off-line responses, bilinguals' ratings of the similarity between verbs (e.g., look) and verb-particle constructions (e.g., look up) were correlated with those of monolinguals as a function of participants' English proficiency levels. However, even the highest-proficiency bilinguals were not as consistent in their responses as the native English speakers were. Moreover, as a group the bilinguals were more native-like in their responses to high-similarity (high transparency) items than to low-similarity items. On the masked priming task, bilinguals' results were similar to those of monolinguals, with mid and high-similarity items priming more strongly than low-similarity items. The degree to which participants' similarity ratings correlated with those of monolinguals also predicted how native-like their masked priming results were. Taken together, these results suggest that L2 English speakers whose L1 lacks verb particles can develop both an explicit and an implicit grasp of the subtle semantic properties of verb-particle constructions, which improves in direct relation to their overall English proficiency. However, even at high proficiency levels, bilinguals may not attain the consistency and regularity with which native speakers respond to these constructions semantically.Les verbes à particules font un domain de la langue anglaise dont la compréhension et la production sont particulièrement difficile à maîtriser pour les apprenants de langue seconde (L2), et plutôt pour ceux dont la L1 manque cette construction linguistique. Cette étude-ci a été menée afin de déterminer si les apprenants de l'anglais comme langue secondaire seraient sensible aux charactéristiques sémantiques subtiles de ces constructions, en particulier les variations dans la transparence sémantique des constructions différentes (ex., finish up vs chew out). Une groupe de participants bilingues de L1 français, L2 anglais ont complété un enquête (explicite) sur les estimations de similarité, ainsi qu'une tâche (implicite) d'amorçage masqué. Pour les bilingues, les estimations de similarité sémantique entre les verbes (ex., look) et verbes à particules (ex., look up) ont été corrélés avec celles des monolingues en fonction de niveaux de compétence en anglais des participants. Cependant, même les bilingues de compétence le plus haut n'étaient pas aussi conformes dans leurs réponses que les anglophones. Sur la tâche d'amorçage masqué, les résultats des bilingues étaient semblables à ceux des monolingues, démontrant un amorçage plus fort en répondant aux constructions classés comme mis- ou très similaires qu'aux celles de faible similarité. Le degré de corrélation entre les estimations des bilingues et les monolingues est relié aussi à leurs résultats d'amorçage masqués. Ces résultats suggèrent que les apprenants de l'anglais peuvent se développer une compréhension explicite ainsi qu'implicite des propriétés sémantiques subtiles des verbes à particules. Cette compréhension améliore en parallel avec le niveau d'anglais atteint. Cependant, il est possible que même les participants bilingues avec une compétence élevée n'arrivent pas à la sensibilité des locuteurs monolingues au niveau sémantique de ces constructions.
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Fekete, Denise M. „Pro-drop and verb-second : romance and germanic in Old French“. Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63760.
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Lippeveld, Marie. „The acquisition of class extension rules for flexible noun-verb pairs“. Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119380.
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The present dissertation investigated children's ability to understand denominal verbs and deverbal nouns that share the same forms as their parent words (e.g. brushv/brushn). Specifically, we sought to answer two general questions: 1) When do young children acquire class extension rules for denominal verbs and deverbal nouns? 2) How do children acquire these rules? We addressed these questions using a series of studies in which we tested children's ability to understand and produce flexible noun-verb pairs. The results from the study reported in Chapter 2 demonstrated that while both 2.5- and 3-year-old French-speaking children were able to understand novel nouns and verbs, only the 3-year-old children were able to understand novel denominal verbs and deverbal nouns derived from these parent words. This suggests that children acquire class extension rules for denominal verbs and deverbal nouns by 3 years of age. The results from the two studies reported in Chapter 3 demonstrated that children's ability to produce and understand flexible noun-verb pairs is related to the amount of flexible use in their input. Furthermore, children tend to use more object-denoting words flexibly than non-object and action denoting words. This suggests that children use the semantic and distributional cues associated with the flexible use of object-denoting words in their input to learn the flexible use of object-denoting words, and subsequently form class extension rules. The study reported in Chapter 4 confirmed this finding by demonstrating that 2.5-year-old children can only understand the flexible use of novel object-denoting noun-verb pairs in an experimental task if they are provided with semantic information coupled with noun and verb distributional cues in the input of the teaching trial. If they are provided with semantic information coupled with noun only distributional cues, they cannot do so. Furthermore, after having observed the flexible use of two object-denoting words, at least some of the 2.5-year-olds tested were able to understand a novel denominal-verb based on their understanding of the parent noun. Altogether, the results from the present dissertation are the first to provide direct evidence that young children acquire class extension rules by 3 years of age, by using the semantic and distributional cues that accompany the flexible use of object-denoting words in their input.La présente thèse enquête sur la capacité des enfants à comprendre les verbes dénominaux et les noms déverbaux qui possèdent la même forme que leurs mots parents (e.g., il brossev / une brossen). Plus précisément, nous avons cherché à répondre à deux questions: 1) Quand les jeunes enfants acquièrent-ils des règles d'extension pour les verbes dénominaux et les noms déverbaux? 2) Comment les enfants acquièrent-ils ces règles? Nous avons abordé ces questions en utilisant une série d'études dans lesquelles nous avons testé la capacité des enfants à comprendre et à produire des paires de noms-verbes flexibles. Dans le Chapitre 2, les résultats de l'étude démontrent que même si les enfants francophones de 2 ans 1/2 et 3 ans sont capables de comprendre de nouveaux noms et verbes, seuls les enfants de 3 ans sont capables de comprendre de nouveaux verbes dénominaux et noms déverbaux dérivés de ces mots parents. Ceci suggère que les enfants acquièrent des règles d'extension pour les verbes dénominaux et les noms déverbaux autour de 3 ans. Dans le Chapitre 3, les résultats des deux études démontrent que la capacité des enfants à produire et à comprendre des paires de noms-verbes flexibles est liée à l'utilisation de ces mots par leurs mères. En outre, les enfants ont tendance à utiliser plus de mots désignant des objets d'une manière flexible que les non-objets et les mots dénotant une action. Ceci suggère que les enfants utilisent l'information sémantique et contextuelle associée avec l'utilisation flexible des mots dénotant des objets pour apprendre l'utilisation flexible de ces mots, et par la suite former des règles d'extension. Dans le Chapitre 4, l'étude rapportée confirme cette conclusion. Les enfants de 2 ans 1/2 ans peuvent comprendre l'utilisation flexible de nouvelles paires de noms-verbes dénotant des objets que si des informations sémantiques couplées avec des contextes nominaux et verbaux leur ont été procurées. Avec des informations sémantiques couplées avec un contexte nominal seulement, ils ne peuvent pas le faire. En outre, après avoir observé l'utilisation flexible de deux mots désignant des objets, au moins une partie des enfants de 2 ans 1/2 testés étaient capables de comprendre un nouveau verbe dénominal à partir de leur compréhension du nom parent. En conclusion, les résultats de la présente thèse sont les premiers à fournir une preuve directe que les jeunes enfants acquièrent des règles d'extension des 3 ans, à l'aide des indices sémantiques et contextuels qui accompagnent l'utilisation flexible des mots dénotant objets.
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McPherson, Leslie M. (Leslie Margaret). „Identifying verbs early in language learning : the roles of action and argument structure“. Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39964.
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This dissertation describes and evaluates a thesis about the means of identifying verbs early in learning a language, and a first language in particular. The thesis is presented briefly in the first section. The second section provides a critical review of theories about children's early part-of-speech identifications. Section 3 presents a new theory of verb identification. I argue that learners initially identify members of a category, predicator, that subsumes verbs and adjectives. Predicators have argument structures. Learners identify a predicator through an inference that the word must take noun-phrase arguments because the phrase containing the word is interpreted into a nonseparable phenomenon--a property or relation that exists or occurs only by virtue of one or more individuals (i.e., the bearers of the property, or the participants in the relation), the referent(s) of the argument(s). Actions are prototypical of that which is nonseparable (being dependent for their realisation upon one or more participants), and so words for actions will usually be identified as predicators. This tendency will be augmented when an unfamiliar predicator appears in an utterance with its one or more noun-phrase arguments, and the noun phrases are interpretable (by the learner) into the one or more individuals that are the participants in an ongoing action (or other nonseparable phenomenon); under these conditions, the learner should readily divine that the novel word is a predicator and the noun phrases are its arguments. These conjectures form the nonseparability hypothesis. To identify verbs in particular, a learner must first discover a distinction between verbs and adjectives, where it exists in a language, through distributional analyses within phrases. Subsequently, details of syntax and morphology will reveal to the learner a predicator's subcategory (verb or adjective). Section 4 contains reviews of literatures that provide support, in varying degree, for the theor
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Hirakawa, Makiko. „Unaccusativity in second language Japanese and English“. Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36771.
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This thesis investigates L2 acquisition of intransitive verb constructions in Japanese and English. Within the Generative framework, the Unaccusative Hypothesis has been proposed, which divides intransitive verbs into two syntactically distinct classes: unergatives and unaccusatives (Burzio 1986). The sole argument of unergative verbs is an Agent generated in subject position, whereas that of unaccusative verbs is a Theme or Patient base-generated in object position. While the unaccusative/unergative distinction at the level of Deep (D)-Structure holds universally, as derived by a universal principle called the Uniformity of Theta Assignment Hypothesis (UTAH, Baker 1988), languages differ as to where the underlying object of unaccusatives may be positioned at the level of Surface (S)-structure. In the case of English, it surfaces in the subject position where it receives Nominative Case. In the case of Japanese, on the other hand, it has been argued that the argument of unaccusative verbs remains in its base-generated object position and that Nominative Case is assigned within the Verb Phrase.Experimental studies are conducted to examine learners' knowledge of unaccusativity at the two levels, i.e. D-Structure and S-Structure. It is hypothesized that learners will show sensitivity to unaccusativity at D-Structure, but that they may not acquire the correct representation of unaccusativity in the L2 at S-Structure, at least in an earlier stage. The first two studies present the L2 acquisition of English by Japanese speakers. The next two studies are concerned with the L2 acquisition of Japanese by English speakers. Overall, results of the four studies confirm the hypotheses, and L2 learners appear to have problems where the L1 manifests a different representation from the L2. Nevertheless, it is observed that L2 learners behavior is not random even when difficulty arises, in that the L2 learners are often consistent with one class of verbs, but not with the other. Thus, it is suggested that the L2 acquisition of intransitive verb constructions is constrained by universal principles, such as the Unaccusative Hypothesis and the UTAH.
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Matsuoka, Mikinari. „Linking arguments to phrase structure : a study of passives, psych verbs, and ditransitive verbs in Japanese“. Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38231.
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This thesis investigates the question of how the arguments of a given verb are linked to positions in a phrase structure. Through a study of passives, psych verbs, and ditransitive verbs in Japanese, it provides empirical support for the hypothesis that arguments having particular thematic roles are associated with particular syntactic positions systematically.Chapter 2 deals with passives, in particular, two types of passive constructions, direct and indirect passives. Following some previous works, it is argued that the subject of a direct passive is generated in the same position as an object of the corresponding active verb, having the same thematic role, whereas the subject of an indirect passive is projected as an argument of a separate predicate. Several pieces of evidence for this hypothesis which are not given in the literature are provided here.
Chapter 3 is concerned with psych verbs, focusing on those that participate in a causative alternation. It is proposed that causative counterparts of these verbs can have two different structures that are parallel to the two types of passives discussed in Chapter 2. The subject of one type is generated in the same position as the object of the noncausative counterpart, having the same thematic role, whereas the subject of the other type is projected as an argument of a separate predicate.
Chapter 4 takes up ditransitive verbs, specifically, those that have inchoative counterparts, which do not project the subject of the ditransitive construction. There are two types of such verbs: one promotes the accusative argument of the ditransitive construction, rather than the dative one, to the subject of the inchoative counterpart, while the other chooses the dative argument over the accusative one for the subject of the inchoative counterpart. It is argued that this reflects the difference in the base-generated position of the dative argument between the two types of verbs. Moreover, the dative arguments of the two are distinguished in terms of thematic role.
This research is meant to contribute toward having a further understanding of how the participants of an event are expressed in grammatical forms.
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Kotremagias, Dimitrios. „Das Funktionsverb leisten aus einer Übersetzungsperspektive : Eine kontrastive Studie deutsch-schwedischer Übersetzungen“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105167.
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The aim of this thesis has been to analyze German light verb constructions with the light verb leisten and their translations into Swedish. From the identified types containing a nominalization + leisten as parts of a light verb construction, three construction types were examined more closely, namely Beitrag leisten, Arbeit leisten and Hilfe leisten. These light verb constructions showed a higher representation in the material and were hence selected for a further in-depth study. As for the translations into Swedish, three main translation strategies were identified: word-for-word translations, full-verb replacements, and paraphrases/omissions. The results show that paraphrasing is the preferred strategy, although the result is quite even between all the strategies. The results also show that each of the three constructions preferred one each of the three translation strategies, which opens for further studies in this area. One explanation for this is, relating to the semantic meaning of the nouns and to their flexible characteristics into Swedish, that nouns with a narrower semantic meaning are more inclined to be translated word-for-word, but also depending on whether the nominalization has a function as a direct object in the sentence, is modified by an adjective, or is merely part of a predicative.
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Bernstein, Gabrielle. „Glidevowel alternation in Biblical Hebrew“. Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65473.
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Vinka, Erling Mikael. „Causativization in North Sámi“. Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84206.
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This thesis is concerned with the syntax of productive morphological causatives in the Finno-Ugric language North Sami, within the theoretical setting of the Chomskian Principles and Parameters/Minimalist framework. Providing rich and novel data, the thesis situates North Sami in the general typology of causative constructions, demonstrating that causatives in this language invariably are of the so-called Faire Par-variety. The issues treated in this thesis are directly concerned with the anatomy of the verb phrase and the fine-grained details of its syntactic decomposition. Specifically, it is argued that the syntactic head that introduces the external argument and which provides the locus of agentivity must be distinct from the head hosting the Cause component of an agentive verb. It is shown that the Faire Par causative selects as its complement a truncated verbal projection corresponding to this Cause component. This captures a long-standing observation that the Base Verb in a Faire Par construction is restricted to a class that can descriptively be characterized as agentive. We thus take issue with other proposals that seek to constrain the formation of Faire Par causatives on other grounds. Furthermore, it is shown that the Base Object in a Faire Par causative is an argument of the causative formative, and not of the Base Verb. This conclusion is based on a number of selectional asymmetries that depend on whether the verb has undergone Faire Par-causativization or not.
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Tajima, Masakazu. „Complex predicate formation in Ainu“. Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56904.
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Lexicalists assume that words with derivational morphology and compound words are not formed by syntactic transformation (Selkirk, 1982). The Lexicalist Hypothesis implies that the principles of universal grammar are not operative to word formation.This thesis argues that a word is composed of lexical constituents and post-lexical constituents, and that the post-lexical constituents can incorporate into a verb, to form the complex predicate. This formational process is subject to syntactic constraints and principles. Therefore, I claim that the principles of universal grammar are also operative to word formation. This hypothesis will throw a new light upon the area of language acquisition of complex predicates.
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Knoll, Sonja. „Word order within infinitival complements in Swiss-German“. Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61299.
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This thesis studies word order variations in Swiss-German sentences that contain infinitival complements. Such sentences exhibit interesting word order. Verbs can be in different orders and the objects selected by these verbs can be in different positions relative to them. The aim of this thesis is to give a general account of these word order facts based solely on structural properties of the complements in the underlying structure. In particular, it is claimed that Swiss-German verbs that take infinitival complements do not all select the same type of complements. Some verbs (like modals, perception verbs and causatives) select VPs, others (like raising verbs) select IPs and others (like control verbs) select IPs or CPs. Mechanisms such as extraposition, verb raising and proliticization then apply to different structures in order for the sentence to satisfy T-linking. Extraposition applies to IPs and CPs, verb raising to IPs and VPs and procliticization to verbs that are sister to VPs.
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Machobane, ʾMalillo. „Some restrictions on the sesotho transitivizing morphemes“. Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75913.
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This thesis examines the argument structures of applicative and causative verbs in Sesotho, and proposes conditions which they must comply with. It is argued that the two conditions in question are in fact general conditions on argument structure rather than restrictions specific to the individual suffixes. The first, the Thematic Hierarchy Condition, which accounts for the unacceptability of unaccusative verbs and experiencer verbs with a Benefactive argument, follows from a universal tendency to have the highest thematic role as the external argument. The second, the Internal Argument Principle, which accounts for the unacceptability of the applicative and causative suffixes with verbs that take two obligatory internal arguments, follows from the fact that basic verbs across languages take no more than two internal arguments. It is argued that this second principle does not follow from Case Theory or Theta Theory.This thesis also demonstrates that the distinction between structural and inherent Case plays an important role in morphology. It accounts for certain differences between causatives and applicatives, including the unacceptability of causative verbs with an S$ sp prime$ complement and the order in which the applicative and causative suffixes appear.
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Inagaki, Shunji. „Transfer and learnability in second language argument structure : motion verbs with locationaldirectional PPs in L2 English and Japanese“. Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38492.
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This thesis investigates how the outcomes of the acquisition of second language (L2) argument structure will vary depending on the nature of the learner's first language (L1). The focus is on motion verbs appearing with a prepositional/postpositional phrase that expresses the final endpoint of the motion (goal PP). In English, manner-of-motion verbs (e.g., walk ) and directed motion verbs (e.g., go) can appear with a goal PP as in John walked (went ) to school. In contrast, Japanese allows only directed motion verbs to occur with a goal PP. Thus, Japanese motion verbs with goal PPs form a subset of their English counterparts. I propose an analysis of these crosslinguistic differences in terms of different incorporation patterns in lexical-syntax (Hale & Keyser, 1993). L1 transfer and learnability considerations (White, 1991b), then, lead me to hypothesize that Japanese-speaking learners of English will be able to acquire the L2 representation on the basis of positive evidence, but that English-speaking learners of Japanese will have difficulty acquiring the L2 representation due to the lack of positive data motivating the restructuring of the L1 representation to the L2. A series of experiments tested these hypotheses using grammaticality judgment and picture-matching tasks. Results in general supported this prediction, suggesting that whether the L1 constitutes a subset of the L2 or vice versa indeed affects the outcomes of L2 argument structure. The results indicate full involvement of L1 and UG in L2 acquisition, thus supporting the Full-Transfer/Full-Access model of L2 acquisition (Schwartz & Sprouse, 1994).
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Chen, Dongdong 1960. „L2 acquisition of English psych predicates by native speakers of Chinese and French“. Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42003.
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This thesis investigates the second language acquisition of English psych predicates by Chinese-speaking and French-speaking adult learners of English within the Government and Binding Theory. Two major parts comprise the whole work: a study of psych predicates across Chinese, English and French, including verbs like blame and annoy, adjectives such as annoying and annoyed, and nominals like annoyance; and an experiment on Chinese and French learners' knowledge of English psych predicates.An account of psych predicates is proposed, under which Experiencer Object (EO) verbs are the causatives of Experiencer Subject (ES) verbs, derived by zero affixation. Different D-structures are suggested for the two classes of verbs, solving the linking problem of psych predicates. The binding problem with EO verbs and corresponding -ing adjectives is resolved by the assumption of anaphoric pro, which enables the anaphor to be bound backwards by the antecedent through the extension of chain-binding theory. The Target/Subject Matter (T/SM) restriction is ruled out by a generalization established on the interaction of the zero CAUS and selectional restrictions.
Given the linguistic analysis that EO verbs are made up of a zero CAUS and a root, and the fact that psych adjectives and psych nominals are derived from these verbs, the central hypothesis for the L2 acquisition of English psych predicates hinges on this zero CAUS. It is predicted that if L2 learners of English have difficulty figuring out the causative nature of EO verbs and -ing adjectives, they should have difficulty recognizing the correct argument structure, the ungrammaticality of T/SM violations and the grammaticality of backwards binding with these predicates. A picture identification task, a multiple choice task and a grammaticality judgment and correction task are designed to test L2 learners' knowledge of these properties. The results obtained through the experiment are discussed with respect to the issues in second language acquisition.
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Salmi, T. (Tuukka). „Very small families generated by bounded and unbounded context-free languages“. Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2009. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514292743.
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Abstract
In this thesis, we will study very small full trios and full AFLs inside the family of context-free languages. Especially, we are interested in the existence of the smallest nontrivial full trios and full AFLs. This is an old research subject, and it has not been studied much since the 1970s. A conjecture by Autebert et al. states that there does not exist a nontrivial minimal full trio inside the family of context-free languages (2) (see also (1)). First, we will show that there does not exist a nontrivial minimal full trio or a nontrivial minimal full AFL with respect to the bounded context-free languages. This result solves another old conjecture stated by Autebert et al. (1). Then we will try to generalize our result to also concern unbounded context-free languages. We will make some progress, but the problem still remains open.
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Wang, Xing. „Efficient Full-Wave Simulation for Very Large Scale Off-Chip Interconnects“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195106.
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The requirement to simulate larger and more complex interconnect circuits is being driven by the rapid developments that are taking place in the integrated circuit industry, where more complex circuits are continually being designed. Since full-wave analyses rigorously account for all the higher-order modes, in addition to the transmission line mode (i.e., the Transverse ElectroMagnetic (TEM) mode), they provide more accurate results than conventional 2-D analysis tools, which are based on the assumption that only a TEM mode exists. Furthermore, a full-wave analysis is required to accurately model the physics of complex 3-D interconnects.In order to address this need a Full-Wave Layered Interconnect Simulator (UA-FWLIS) was previously developed. UA-FWLIS is a Method of Moments (MoM) based tool for the analysis of stripline interconnects. However, UA-FWLIS could only handle a maximum of 10000 unknowns for signal traces in a single layer. Our final goal is to simulate complex practical systems, which have hundreds of thousands of unknowns and consist of multiple layers with vias interconnecting the different layers. In this dissertation, we extend the prototype full-wave simulator so that it can handle reactions between signal traces and vias, as well as reactions between two multiple layers. This is accomplished by employing analytical techniques to the reactions elements, thereby avoiding the use of inefficient numerical integration algorithms. This leads to substantial reductions in the matrix filling time, e.g., two orders of magnitude reductions for moderate size problems.In addition to improving the matrix filling time, we also dramatically reduce the matrix solution time by employing sparse matrix solution techniques. We demonstrate that sparse reaction matrices are produced when modeling stripline interconnects provided that a parallel-plate Green's function is employed in the analysis. We found that by applying sparse matrix storage techniques and a sparse matrix solver, it is possible to dramatically improve the matrix solution time when compared with a commercial MoM-based simulator. This also makes it possible to solve much larger problems. The contribution of this dissertation empowers the current full-wave simulator to handle more realistic problems and makes full-wave simulations of very large scale stripline interconnect structures feasible.
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Bittle, James R. „2017 Full Solar Eclipse| Observations and LWPC Modeling of Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Propagation“. Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10843376.
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On August 21, 2017 a total solar eclipse occurred over the United States commencing on the west coast moving across to the east coast providing an opportunity to observe how the rapid day-night-day transition changed the ionosphere’s D-region electron density and how very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic wave propagation was affected. To observe the solar obscurity effects, VLF receivers were deployed in two locations: one in the path of totality in Lakeside, Nebraska and another south of the totality path in Hugo, Colorado. The locations were chosen to achieve an orthogonal geometry between the eclipse path and propagation path of U. S. Navy VLF transmitter in North Dakota, which operates at 25.2 kHz and has call sign NML. VLF amplitude and phase changes were observed in both Lakeside and Hugo during the eclipse. A negative phase change was observed at both receivers as solar obscuration progressively increased. The observed phase changes became positive as solar obscuration reduced. The opposite trend was observed for the amplitude of the transmitted signal: growth as max totality approached and decay during the shadow’s recession. The Long Wave Propagation Capability (LWPC) code developed by the US Navy was used to model the observations. LWPC is a modal solution finder for Earth-ionosphere waveguide propagation that takes into account the D-region density profile. In contrast to past efforts where a single ionosphere profile was assumed over the entire propagation path, a degree of spatial resolution along the path was sought here by solving for multiple segments of length 100-200 km along the path. LWPC modeling suggests that the effective reflection height changed from 71 km in the absence of the eclipse, to 78 km at the center of the path of totality during the total solar eclipse and is on agreement with past work.
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Raccah, Pierre-Yves. „Vers une semantique representationnelle“. Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74050.
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Fortier, Anne-Marie. „Lectures de Rimbaud vers 1930“. Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56938.
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Rimbaud's life and works have been the subject of numerous readings ever since the poet's first appearance on the literary scene. This thesis is an attempt to reconstitute the multiple layers of interpretations which were grafted onto Rimbaud's life and works between 1883 and 1935 approximately. Successive readings keep a text alive and, in so doing, function also as prefaces. The concept of "preface" is thus expanded here to include the critical text.These strata consist of readings and commentaries influenced both by the historical and intellectual circumstances in which they were formed and by the progressive revelation of the text; added one to another without cancelling each other out, these layers continually enrich and transform the original, making both its meaning and its import denser, investing it with new significance and new values and thereby keeping it alive, in fact making it even more present with the passing of the years. Over the years, the focus of reflexion on Rimbaud has shifted from the study of his particular "case" to a more profound questioning, via Rimbaud, of poetry itself, its nature, its meaning, its scope. In the minds of the commentators, Rimbaud and poetry's destinies are intertwined; thus, they "read" them together as if the value and the meaning of the poetry's destiny were dependent on the destiny of Rimbaud.
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Siwers, Carl-Wilhelm. „Det ej sagdas fulla utsagdhet : Poetikens och poesins konflikt i Gunnar Björlings verk“. Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-152620.
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This essay deals with the conflict between poetics and poetry in the works of Fenno-Swedish poet Gunnar Björling (1887-1960). The first two parts discuss the conflict in itself, while the third and last part of the essay discusses the movement or change through the authorship as a whole, which can be seen as leading from poetics to the poetry advocated by the first. Björling advocates a poetry (and a general approach to life) not seeking to understand or explain reality, but meeting it in the most direct sense possible. The conflict consists of the fact that a poetics to its nature is in some sense theoretical and structured, the result of a process of thinking – which makes it inconsistent with the thesis of the very same poetics. The critique of reason which forms the basis of Björling’s poetics is in itself an example of the very same reason in practise. An important aspect of this idea of immediacy is the critique of language, which – drawn to its utmost – results in silence. Due to this, I split the conflict into two levels: the first one is the extreme, which understands the striving beyond language literally – and is highly parenthetic in the authorship; the second treats the idea of non-language and silence as in a more figurative or metaphorical sense, rather meaning an emancipation from reflective thought. This later level is the one of greater significance, being to some degree actual throughout the authorship. Björling reaches the furthest in this strive in his late poetry, where the words to a higher degree speak with their physical presence than with their semantic meanings. In his early works the same philosophical and poetological ideas are highly present, but are not near being fulfilled until one or two decades later, reaching its peak in the very last books. The movement through the authorship is hence of a teleological nature, leading from the poetics expressed in a more reflective text prioritising the semantic aspects of language, to the text that is actually advocated by the poetics: a more immediate and concrete relation to being. By investigating the treatment of the word ”word” in Björling’s texts throughout the authorship, I show how this is intimately connected with the general style of writing. Björling reaches a greater acceptance of words as physical and part of reality, resulting in a sort of dissolution of the opposition between poetics and poetry – or, in a wider sense, between comprehensibility and incomprehensibility.
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Biela, Stephan. „Vers une typologie de l'exil exupérien“. Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26677.
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Exile is a recurring theme in the writing of Antoine de Saint-Exupery; this master's thesis examines three forms--physical, psychological, symbolic--this leitmotif takes. The first chapter includes a review of Exuperian criticism and a discussion of the concept of exile; it also outlines the three critical approaches which frame our study of exile in the second chapter.Our analysis of "physical" exile borrows from the sociohistorical approach of "exile literature" to examine the portrayal of aviation as a world apart in Terre des hommes and Vol de nuit. We turn to feminist rereadings of Lacanian psychoanalysis to assist us in addressing "psychological" exile, which presents itself in the Lettres a sa mere as a constant conflict between the freedom of childhood and the restraints of adulthood. Finally, we examine "symbolic" exile, which arises from the failed relationships of women and men in Courrier sud, in the light of the Anglo-American concept of "gender".
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Griffin, Sean. „VERy TRenDy: the VERITAS transient detector“. Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104737.
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Fast optical transients (microsecond timescale) are a largely unexplored field of optical astronomy mainly due to the fact that large optical telescopes are oversubscribed. Furthermore, most optical observations use instruments with integration times on the order of seconds and are thus unable to resolve fast transients. Current-generation atmospheric Cherenkov gamma-ray telescopes such as VERITAS (the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System), however, have huge collecting areas, larger than any existing optical telescopes, albeit at the cost of spatial resolution. Time is typically available for studies without interfering with gamma-ray observations. The following outlines the benefits of using a Cherenkov telescope to detect optical transients and the implementation of VERy TRenDy (the VERITAS Transient Detector), a dedicated multi-channel rate meter based on field-programmable gate arrays. Data are presented demonstrating the ability of TRenDy to detect transient events such as a star passing through its field of view and the optical light curve of a pulsar. Future scientific goals such as looking for microsecond-timescale optical flares are described as are the possible sources.Les phénomènes optiques transitoires rapides (sur une échelle de microsecondes) sont un domaine d'astronomie optique encore très peu exploré, du au fait que les demandes de temps d'utilisation des grands télescopes optiques sont trop nombreuses. De plus, la plupart des observations optiques utilisent des instruments avec des temps d'intégration de l'ordre de secondes, et sont donc incapables de résoudre les phénomènes transitoires. Les télescopes atmosphériques Cherenkov pour rayons gamma de la génération actuelle, comme VERITAS (Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System), ont quant à eux d'énormes surfaces collectrices, plus larges que n'importe quel autre télescope optique existant, malgré une perte de résolution spatiale. Il est habituellement possible de consacrer du temps pour faire des études sans interférer avec les observations de rayons gamma. Ce qui suit résume les bénéfices de l'utilisation de télescopes Cherenkov pour détecter les phénoménes optiques transitoires et de l'utilisation de VERy TRenDy (VERITAS Transient Detector), un compteur à multiples canaux basé sur les réseaux de portes programmables in-situ. Les données présentées dans ce mémoire démontrent la capacité de TRenDy a détecter les phénomènes transitoires tels qu'une étoile passant dans le champ de vision et la courbe de lumière d'un pulsar. Les objectifs scientifiques futurs tels que l'observation des éruptions optiques sur une échelle de microsecondes sont décrits, ainsi que les sources potentielles.
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Paskalev, Kamen A. „Dosimetry of very small photon fields“. Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29463.
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Several dosimetric parameters were measured for three very small radiation fields (1.5, 3, and 5 mm diameter at the machine isocenter) with a small ionization chamber and a new type of radiochromic film. The experiments were carried out on a Clinac-18 linac and the fields were shaped by specially manufactured collimators. When measuring dose profiles, the ionization chamber measurements were first corrected for response variation in off-axis direction, and then deconvolved to eliminate the blur due to the poor resolution of the chamber. The measured data agreed with Monte Carlo simulations within the established statistical uncertainties.Dynamic stereotactic radiosurgery was carried out on the same accelerator using the very small radiation beams. The dose distributions and their displacements from the laser-defined isocenter of the linac were measured and then compared to 3-D Monte Carlo calculations. The results proved that dynamic radiosurgery with very small beams has potential for clinical use.
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Amberber, Mengistu. „Transitivity alternations, event-types and light verbs“. Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41963.
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This dissertation investigates transitivity alternations, with particular reference to Amharic. The lexical-semantic and morphosyntactic properties of morphological causatives, experiencer predicates, applicative constructions and complex predicates formed by light verbs are examined in detail. It is claimed that transitivity alternations are an artefact of Event-type alternations and follow from universal principles such as Event Headedness. It is argued that the valency difference between various verb classes reduces to whether the Root of the verb is specified or underspecified for Event Headedness.Two levels of phrase structure, l-syntax and s-syntax, are recognized in the study. It is argued that productive causatives are generated in s-syntax, whereas morphological causatives which are sensitive to the Event-type of the Root are generated in l-syntax. A unified structural analysis is given for a number of superficially unrelated constructions including Subject Experiencer predicates, perception verbs and possessive predicates. It is argued that the quirky Case and agreement properties of such predicates can be handled by motivating inherent Case assignment. This analysis is further extended to account for the benefactive applicative of unaccusatives.
The role of light verbs in transitivity alternation is explored in detail. It is shown that light verbs are independent verbs that spell-out Event-types. The study argues that the polysemous relationship between predicates is best accounted for by a single argument structure rather than by positing multiple lexical entries.
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Belikova, Alyona. „Getting L2 reflexive and reciprocal verbs right“. Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121222.
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This dissertation investigates whether or not linguistically misleading classroom instruction can affect second language (L2) acquisition. Of particular interest are linguistically inappropriate classroom rules which are superficially logical but linguistically false.A case in point is provided by French reflexive and reciprocal verbs, which are formed with the clitic se. The reflexive/reciprocal clitic se does not behave on a par with object clitic pronouns as many reliable syntactic diagnostics suggest (Kayne 1975, Reinhart & Siloni 2005). Superficially, however, se generally resembles object clitic pronouns, due to similarities in distribution and form. It is, then, not surprising that classroom French L2 instruction consistently misrepresents se verbs as syntactic transitive constructions, and se itself as a reflexive/reciprocal object pronoun. Two experimental tasks (contextualized grammaticality judgments and truth value judgments) are designed to examine whether Russian- and English-speaking L2 learners of French adopt the linguistically inaccurate classroom generalization or converge on a native-like representation of se. Both tasks involve constructions where se and clitic pronouns behave differently. In addition, a questionnaire on se taps participants' recollection of any explicit classroom instruction. The most important finding of the dissertation is that although about half of participants refer to se as an object pronoun in the se questionnaire – thus showing that they remembered the classroom generalization – L2 learners still clearly make the relevant native-like distinction between se and true object pronouns in the experimental tasks. Learners' failure to internalize superficially logical but linguistically false generalizations at the level of linguistic competence – as opposed to the level of learned linguistic knowledge (Schwartz 1993) – suggests that adult language acquirers must still employ language-specific learning mechanisms and go beyond instruction. While focusing on the L2 acquisition of French reflexive and reciprocal verbs by native speakers of Russian and English, the present dissertation also reformulates the existing literature on the related phenomena in light of current developments in theoretical syntax and develops an analysis of reflexive and reciprocal verbs which has adequate empirical coverage and also does away with certain previous stipulations.La présente dissertation cherche a déterminer si des consignes linguistiquement trompeuses données en salle de classe peuvent avoir un effet sur l'acquisition d'une langue seconde (L2). On s'intéressera en particulier aux règles pédagogiques qui sont superficiellement logiques mais linguistiquement fausses. Un cas illustratif est fourni par les verbes réfléchis et réciproques du français, qui se forment avec le clitique se. Ce pronom réfléchi/réciproque ne se comporte pas de la même manière que les pronoms clitiques objets, tel que le suggèrent de nombreux diagnostiques syntaxiques fiables (Kayne 1975, Reinhart & Siloni 2005). Superficiellement, toutefois, le se ressemble globalement aux pronoms clitiques objets, à cause de certaines similarités au niveau de la distribution et de la forme. Il n'est donc pas surprenant que le français L2 pédagogique présente fréquemment les verbes se comme des constuctions syntaxiques transitives, et le se lui-même comme un pronom objet réfléchi/réciproque. Deux tâches expérimentales (des jugements de grammaticalité contextualisés et des jugements de valeur de vérité) sont conçus pour découvrir si les anglophones et russophones apprenant le français comme L2 adoptent la généralisation pédagogique (qui est lingusitiquement erronée) ou convergent vers la représentation du se des locuteurs natifs. Les deux tâches comportent des constructions où le se et les pronoms clitiques se comportent différemment. De plus, un questionnaire au sujet du se fait appel aux souvenirs que peuvent avoir les participant de toute instruction pédagogique explicite. La découverte la plus importante de cette dissertation est le fait que bien qu'environ la moitié des participants désignent le se comme un pronom objet dans le question qui porte dessus – ce qui démontre qu'ils ont retenu la généralisation pédagogique – il est clair que les apprenants de L2, tels des locuteurs natifs, font encore la distinction pertinente entre le se et les véritables pronoms objets dans les tâches expérimentales. L'incapacité des apprenants à assimiler des généralisations superficiellement logiques mais linguistiquement fausses au niveau de la compétence linguistique – par opposition au niveau des connaissances linguistiques apprises (Schwartz 1993) – suggère que les acquérants adultes de L2 doivent encore employer des méchanismes d'apprentissage particuliers à la langue et aller au-delà de l'instruction. Tout en mettant l'accent sur l'acquisition L2 des verbes réfléchis et réciproques du français par les anglophones et les russophones, la présente dissertation reformule également la recherche existente portant sur les phénomènes reliés à la lumière des récentes avancées dans la syntaxe théorique et développe une analyse des verbes réfléchis et réciproques qui jouit d'un soutien empirique adéquat et élimine également certaines stipulations précédentes.
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Cyr, Normand. „Effect of aeration strategy on the performance of a very high gravity continuous fuel ethanol fermentation process“. Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100789.
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The fuel ethanol industry is now making use of a very efficient process where virtually all sugar substrates are converted to ethanol. Nevertheless, some metabolic by-products excreted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae tend to reduce the ethanol yield. Of such, glycerol is the major one, accounting for about 5-10% relative to the amount of ethanol produced.Glycerol plays an important role in maintaining the redox balance within the cells by oxidizing the cytosolic NADH under anaerobic conditions. It is also believed that it acts as an osmoprotectant and would be favourably produced in high osmotic pressure conditions.
In order to mitigate the production of glycerol, various aeration strategies were investigated in a single-stage continuous fermentation system. Oxygen dissolved in the fermentation medium put the yeast in aerobiosis, acted as an oxidizing agent and hence minimised the specific glycerol production by 36% as compared to a completely anaerobic fermentation.
This has hardly been reproduced in a more industrially relevant system using a multi-stage continuous fermentation process. Indeed, oscillations in the concentrations of the various metabolites over time made difficult the assessment of significant changes. Nevertheless, these findings open the door to further investigations in order to understand the effect of oxygen in continuous fermentations using very high gravity feeds, such as in the fuel ethanol industry.
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Geille, Patrice. „Vers une notion internationale de la concurrence déloyale?“ Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23957.
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This comparative law thesis defines a concept of unfair competition susceptible of universal recognition in the field of civil responsibility, with a view to contributing to the harmonization of unfair competition laws throughout the world. It is argued here that morality provides the theoretical basis for the law of unfair competition while fostering aims of economic efficiency. The relationship of unfair competition law to antitrust law or intellectual property law is given full attention. The author gives an overview of the development of unfair competition law and proposes ways to reassess and clarify its scope.
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Vaillancourt, Luc. „Titrologie des Essais : vers une poétique de l'informe“. Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26348.
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Montaigne said it himself: "The titles of (his) chapters, embrace not always the matter" (Florio). In fact many of the 109 titles that comprise the three books of the Essais have nothing or little to do with the text they introduce. Why this lack of congruence? Where, when and how does it manifest itself? This study attempts to answer these questions in a diachronic and semiotic perspective. Starting with a typology of the various title functions--identificational, illocutionary, perlocutionary and contractual, the author proceeds to an analysis of the different title manifestations in the text and tries to demonstrate that the discrepancy between titles and contents originates from an evolving poetics that tends toward the absence of shape.
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Hum, Herbert Hing-Jing. „A linear unification processor /“. Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63790.
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Dagenais, Michel R. „Timing analysis for MOSFETS, an integrated approach“. Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75459.
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Timing and electrical verification is an essential part of the design of VLSI digital MOS circuits. It consists of determining the maximum operating frequency of a circuit, and verifying that the circuit will always produce the expected logical behavior at or under this frequency. This complex task requires considerable computer and human resources.The classical simulation approach cannot be used to insure the timing and electrical correctness of the large circuits that are now being designed. The huge number of possible states in large circuits renders this method impractical. Worst-case analysis tools alleviate the problem by restricting the analysis to a limited set of states which correspond to the worst-case operating conditions. However, existing worst-case analysis tools for MOS circuits present several problems. Their accuracy is inherently limited since they use a switch-level model. Also, these procedures have a high computational complexity because they resort to path enumeration to find the latest path in each transistor group. Finally, they lack the ability to analyze circuits with arbitrarily complex clocking schemes.
In this text, a new procedure for circuit-level timing analysis is presented. Because it works at electronic circuit level, the procedure can detect electrical errors, and attains an accuracy that is impossible to attain by other means. Efficient algorithms, based on graph theory, have been developed to partition the circuits in a novel way, and to recognize series and parallel combinations. This enables the efficient computation of worst-case, earliest and latest, waveforms in the circuit, using specially designed algorithms. The new procedure extracts automatically the timing requirements from these waveforms and can compute the clocking parameters, including the maximum clock frequency, for arbitrarily complex clocking schemes.
A computer program was written to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new procedure and algorithms developed. It has been used to determine the clocking parameters of circuits using different clocking schemes. The accuracy obtained on these parameters is around 5 to 10% when compared with circuit-level simulations. The analysis time grows linearly with the circuit size and is approximately 0.5s per transistor, on a microVAX II computer. This makes the program suitable for VLSI circuits.
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Arnold, Cody. „What's wrong with the concept of "very low birthweight"? : heterogeneity and confounding in epidemiologic studies of very small or immature neonates“. Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59301.
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We divided 640 consecutively live-born newborns into two overlapping groups: a traditional very low birthweight (BW) cohort (500-1500 g, mean BW 1055 g) and a gestational age (GA) cohort (23-30 weeks, mean BW 1070 g). We showed: (1) An illusory protective effect of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) for in-hospital mortality in the 500-1500 cohort: odds ratio (OR), 0.55. In the 23-30 cohort the crude OR was 1.19; adjusting for differences in GA between IUGR and non-IUGR infants resulted in an odds ratio of 3.15 (95% C.I., 1.57-6.32). (2) Confounding by growth status was demonstrated in a hypothetical observational study of method of delivery and in-hospital mortality. Although this confounding was present in both cohorts, it was larger in the 500-1500 cohort (1.9 vs. 1.1 weeks difference in GA between cesarean and vaginally delivered infants after adjusting for differences in BW). (3) Assessing and/or controlling for confounding by growth status is problematic in a cohort defined by BW criteria but straightforward when GA criteria are used.
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Lomax, Franklin D. „Investigation of steam reformation of natural gas for the very small scale production of hydrogen fuel for light duty vehicles in appliance-type refueling systems“. Master's thesis, This resource online, 1997. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-040323/.
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Lemieux, François 1979. „Are inflationary predictions sensitive to very high energy physics?“ Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80316.
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It was recently proposed that modifications to physics at trans-Planckian energies could lead to a non-adiabatic evolution of the scalar fluctuations responsible for the temperature anisotropy of the cosmological microwave background. If such a possibility was to be confirmed, it would provide us the first possibility to ever get experimental measurements of the physics near the Planck scale. This work investigates the physicality of such non-adiabatic evolutions, by avoiding the introduction of any exotic physics, by working well below the Planck scale. Simple 'hybrid-like' models of inflation composed of an inflaton field coupled to another heavy scalar will be used. It will be shown that small oscillations in the heavy scalar field can generate a non-adiabatic evolution of the inflationary vacuum leading to new features in the power spectrum that could eventually be observed. The naturalness of this non-adiabaticity is also studied, leading to a constraint about the maximum duration of inflation if these effects are to be big enough to ever be detectable.
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Tan, Chong Guan. „Another approach to PLA folding“. Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66054.
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Howells, Michael C. „A cluster-proof approach to yield enhancement of large area binary tree architectures /“. Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66194.
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Moura, Miguel Ãngelo Barreto da. „The total cost of water as an economic and social good in a municipality of Praia (Cape Verd)“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8280.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoMost of the people around the globe believe that water is a free good. However, increasing difficulties of access, both in quantity and quality around the world, particularly in developing countries and for the lower income people is changing this view. The Agenda 21 and the Dublin Declaration (UN, 1992) had the merit of putting the water as an "economic good" in the center of the debate at the global level. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate the full costs of water in the Archipelago of Cape Verde, a country where the scarcity is growing, due to, among other factors, the population growth and increasing of economic activities. This research was conducted in the municipality of Praia, where the Capital of the country is located, which face also, higher levels of water scarcity. Such scarcity in this Municipality, therefore, is resulting in high economic and social costs for the population and the economy activities as well, mainly due to the discontinuity on supply. The Economic Regulation Agency (ARE) and the National Water Council (CNAG) in Cape Verde have addressed the cost of water, based on financial analysis, by raising the costs of maintenance and operation of systems of production and distribution of water and used data as a basis in setting water charges. In contrast however, this dissertation is based on the approach of Rogers et al. (1998) who call for the assessment of the full cost, which is the sum of the full cost of provision and economic costs, which include the externalities and opportunity costs. The study results revealed that in the municipality of Praia, the full costs of water are of ECV 2,743,057,388.00. This figure represents 4.24% of GDP in 2007. The cost per cubic meter of water is of CVE 1.245,74 (11.30 Euro). The total economic costs represent ninety-six percent (96%) of full cost of water in the municipality. Finally, the full cost of provision, in which the Economic Regulation Agency consider to design and to model the water prices in Cape Verde, was evaluated at around two hundred thirtyseven escudos (CVE 237.71) per cubic meter of water. This figure is far below the value which is paid by households not connected to the public (ECV 433.33 / m3).
A crenÃa antiga na visÃo da Ãgua como um bem livre vem acentuando ainda mais as dificuldades de acesso em quantidade e qualidade para as sociedades ao redor do mundo, nomeadamente nos paÃses em desenvolvimento e para as classes menos favorecidas. A Agenda 21 e a DeclaraÃÃo de Dublin (ONU, 1992) tiveram o mÃrito de colocar a Ãgua como um âbem econÃmicoâ no centro do debate em nÃvel global. à neste contexto que este trabalho se propÃe avaliar os custos totais da Ãgua no arquipÃlago de Cabo Verde, paÃs que enfrenta o problema de escassez de maneira crescente em razÃo, entre outros fatores, do aumento da populaÃÃo e do crescimento da atividade econÃmica. Especificamente, esta pesquisa à realizada no Concelho da Praia1, onde se encontra a capital do PaÃs, a qual enfrenta altos nÃveis de escassez de Ãgua, portanto, podendo resultar em elevados custos econÃmicos e sociais para a populaÃÃo e para a economia, principalmente pela descontinuidade da oferta e os mecanismos de racionamento da Ãgua. A AgÃncia de RegulaÃÃo EconÃmica (ARE) e o Conselho Nacional de Ãguas (CNAG) de Cabo Verde tÃm abordado o custo da Ãgua com base na anÃlise financeira, levantando os custos de manutenÃÃo e operaÃÃo dos sistemas de produÃÃo e distribuiÃÃo de Ãgua que servem de base na definiÃÃo das tarifas. Contrariamente, este trabalho baseou-se na abordagem de Rogers et al. (1998), que preconizam a avaliaÃÃo do custo total que corresponde à soma do custo total de provisÃo e dos custos econÃmicos, incluÃdos nestes as externalidades e o custo de oportunidades. Os resultados revelaram que, no Concelho da Praia, os custos totais da Ãgua sÃo da ordem de ECV 2.743.057.388,00. Este valor representa 4,24% do valor do PIB em 2007. O custo da Ãgua por metro cÃbico atinge o montante de ECV 1.245,74 (11,30 Euros), um valor bastante elevado para os padrÃes de vida local. Os custos econÃmicos totais representam noventa e seis por cento (96%) dos custos totais da Ãgua no MunicÃpio, o que enfatiza a importÃncia deste componente. Por Ãltimo, o custo total de provisÃo, aquele que a AgÃncia de RegulaÃÃo EconÃmica considera no desenho de tarifas em Cabo Verde, foi avaliado em torno de duzentos trinta e sete escudos (ECV 237,71) por metro cÃbico de Ãgua, um valor que à compatÃvel com a tarifa mÃdia, atualmente em vigor, contudo, muito abaixo do valor que à pago pelas famÃlias nÃo ligadas à rede pÃblica (ECV 433,33⁄m3).
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Hurley, Robert J. (Robert Joseph). „Biblical interpretation in the Viens vers le Père catechetical series“. Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41618.
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The thesis offers an examination of the use of the Bible in Viens vers le Pere, a Catholic catechetical series published between 1964 and 1969 for use in the primary schools of Quebec. It enjoyed great popularity from the 1960s to the 1980s and was translated into several languages and used in some fourteen countries. The series places particular emphasis on the use of the Bible in catechesis. The thesis investigates the method of biblical interpretation underpinning these catechetical resources and constitutes the first indepth study of the series. Developments in educational psychology and Catholic theology from the first half of the $20 sp{ rm th}$ century influence the use and interpretation of the Bible in this series. The thesis concludes that the Bible and typical experiences of young children are exploited as a means for presenting and understanding doctrine.From a hermeneutical perspective, the thesis offers an exercise in metacriticism. The thesis suggests an alternative to the exploitation of the Bible and the experiences of the audience as a means to clarify doctrine. It concludes that catechesis should engender a dialogue between the scriptural world and the child's world in hopes of an encounter which would elucidate both.
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Pelletier, Louise 1963. „L'espace métaphorique du montage cinématographique : vers un nouveau rituel architectural“. Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59845.
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Architectural representation is much more than a process of transcription between a concept and the building; it is a tool that determines the very mentality and praxis of the architect. This thesis studies the technique of film montage through the work of Andrei Tarkovsky and the possibilities it offers to the process of architectural conception. A general outline of the development of the perspective tools of representation in architecture lead to an understanding of the significance of the cinematographic image in the context of the history of projection. Montage in the tradition of Surrealism placed an emphasis on the potential power of poetic evocation between its elements. Comparing the narrative forms of three film-makers, the "surrealist montage" of Luis Bunuel, the "intellectual montage" of Sergie Eisenstein, and the temporal modulation in the films of Tarkovsky, this thesis examines different ways to qualify cinematographic space which affect the spatial and temporal experience of the spectator and offer the possibility of a redefinition of ritual in architecture.
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Yusoff, Yusrita Mohd. „Feelings Toolkit : a new evaluation tool for very young children“. Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2018. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30142.
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The Feelings Toolkit is a new evaluation tool developed for very young children aged 3 to 5 years old. The tool can be used to evaluate feelings after very young children interact with computer products. It has two versions: the Wafiy Feelings Toolkit and Alisya Feelings Toolkit. It uses photographic representation and bipolar adjectives, good versus bad. The photographs were modelled by two nursery-aged children, one boy and one girl, representing one positive feeling (good), one neutral feeling, and one negative feeling (bad). It is difficult to find a suitable tool or method to evaluate feelings after very young children interact with computer products. But it is crucial to involve very young children in evaluating children's computer products since they are the users. Many researchers have developed tools and methods for older children aged above five. The Feelings Toolkit was developed using an iterative design approach and children's participation in the UK. The development process involved six stages; design and testing of (1) Smiley Feelings Toolkit, (2) Pictorial Feelings Toolkit, (3) Wafiy Feelings Toolkit, and (4) Alisya Feelings Toolkit. Then (5) exploratory sessions were conducted to learn about children's reactions to using the tool. Finally, (6) the tool was validated with older children in Malaysia. The final Feelings Toolkit was produced and was evaluated by very young children in kindergarten and at home. The Feelings Toolkit is an efficacious tool to be used with computer and non-computer products. It can be used by parents at home, children's product designers and developers in the office or school, technology manufacturers in the factory, child psychologists in the clinic or school, and children's trainers or facilitators in the camp or school. The tool can be utilized by teachers during teaching and learning activities too. It is recommended to use the Feelings Toolkit as an addition to interviews and observation, not as a replacement.
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Peckel, Marcos David. „A MOS delay model for switch-level simulation /“. Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65990.
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Panda, Uma R. „An efficient single-latch scan-design scheme/“. Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63266.
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Malaisé, Adrien. „Apprentissage du mouvement humain à l'aide de capteurs portés : vers l'automatisation de l'évaluation ergonomique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0055.
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Les troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS) sont un problème majeur dans la société moderne, avec près de la moitié des travailleurs en industrie touchés. Ces troubles sont dus à des postures jugées à risques, tel que le travail avec les bras en hauteur ou le torse penché, aux poids de charges transportées, ou encore la répétitivité des tâches. Il est donc nécessaire de trouver des solutions permettant de diminuer le risque de TMS en limitant les mouvements et les postures à risques, et en améliorant ainsi l’ergonomie des postes de travail. Nous proposons dans cette étude des outils pour aller vers cette amélioration. L’objectif est d’automatiser l’évaluation de l’ergonomie à l’aide d’algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique. Nous avons pour cela collecté des bases de données du mouvement humain corps complet en s’inspirant d’activités provenant du monde industriel. Grâce à ces données, nous proposons une méthode d’apprentissage supervisé basée sur des modèles de Markov cachés pour reconnaître les postures et les actions d’un utilisateur. Puis nous proposons des métriques pour évaluer de façon automatique l’ergonomie ainsi qu’une méthode pour compresser les données du mouvement qui est une base pour aller vers la prédiction future de l’ergonomie. Enfin, nous présentons des interfaces qui permettraient de prévenir en temps réel un opérateur s’il effectue un mouvement à risque. Avec l’ensemble de ces outils, la finalité est de prévoir en temps réel l’ergonomie d’un opérateur afin de le prévenir s’il risque de se blesser, et qu’il puisse corriger son mouvementMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a major health issue in modern society, with almost half of workers in industry affected. These disorders are due to postures deemed to be at risk, such as overhead work or working with the torso bent, the weight of the carried loads, or the repetitiveness of the tasks. It is therefore necessary to find solutions to reduce the risk of MSD by limiting dangerous movements and postures, and thus improving the ergonomics of workstations. We propose in this study tools to move towards this improvement. The objective is to automate the evaluation of ergonomics, using machine learning algorithms. To do this, we collect databases of the whole human body movement inspired by activities from industrial environment. With these data, we propose a supervised learning method based on Hidden Markov Models to recognize postures and actions of a user. Then we propose metrics to automatically evaluate ergonomics and a method to compress the movement data. This is a brick to go towards the prediction of ergonomics. Finally, we present modalities to allow an operator to be warned in real time if he performs a risky movement. With all these tools, the final goal is to predict in real time the ergonomics of a user in order to warn him before risking to be injured. Thus he can correct his movement
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Hurlimann, Thierry. „The duty to treat very defective neonates as "persons" : from the legal and moral personhood of very defective neonates to their best interests in medical treatment“. Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80929.
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The dramatic improvement of neonatal intensive care has produced vexing ethical and legal questions. One of the most striking issues is to determine whether the most defective neonates should be provided with intensive care and to what extent they should be treated. This thesis demonstrates that an attempt to answer this question and an analysis of the demands and limitations of a duty to treat defective neonates cannot properly occur without first considering the legal concerns and ethical issues surrounding the notion of "person". The author examines germane ethical theories and North-American jurisprudence to see what approaches and standards commentators and courts have adopted in this respect. This thesis demonstrates that in the context of the cessation or non-initiation of intensive care, the legal and moral status of very defective neonates remain ambiguous. In particular, the author suggests that a legal best interests analysis that includes quality of life considerations may actually involve the use of criteria similar to those supported by the authors of the controversial moral theories that negate the personhood of seriously handicapped newborns. The author ultimately concludes that a clear divide between the legal definition of the "person" and the moral and social perceptions of that term is misleading.
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Dfouni, Ralph. „Les hommes ne pleurent pas, et, Illuminations : de Pirandello vers Kaos“. Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21208.
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Men don't cry (creation). In a neighborhood of a large North American city, a loaf of rye bread brings back adolescent memories to a middle-aged man. Bill remembers his College friends, Nick, Jack and Alec. They will all pass through the same Diner, the same evening, 20 years later without recognizing each other. Those of them who will cross paths will die that same night. It's a story about chance. It's a free cinematographic adaptation of four short stories from three different authors: The Rye Bread by Ray Bradbury, Continuite des parcs and N'accusez personne by Julio Cortazar as well as Fat by Raymond Carver.Illuminations: From Pirandello toward Kaos ( criticism). When the filmmakers the brothers Taviani decide to undertake their adaptation of Luigi Pirandello's four short stories for the screen, they choose Kaos for the title of their film. Through the study of two of the four adapted short stories, this thesis tries to demonstrate that the adaptation of a literary work or a written text to a filmic text necessarily passes through a chaos that separates the two very different languages. The interpretative work consists of passing through this same chaos using different writing and mise en scene techniques. The aim of this short study is to dissect the links that exist between the two very distinct entities, the written text and the filmic text, through a magisterial and concrete example.
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Ivanov, André. „Dynamic testibility measures and their use in ATPG“. Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63324.
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