Thematische Bibliographien / Full scale field test

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  1. Zeitschriftenartikel
  2. Dissertationen
  3. Bücher
  4. Buchteile
  5. Konferenzberichte
  6. Berichte der Organisationen

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Full scale field test“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Full scale field test"

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Fleming, Paul, Jennifer Annoni, Andrew Scholbrock, Eliot Quon, Scott Dana, Scott Schreck, Steffen Raach, Florian Haizmann und David Schlipf. „Full-Scale Field Test of Wake Steering“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 854 (Mai 2017): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/854/1/012013.

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Pan, Tso‐Chien, Siu Tee Wong, Hee Kiat Cheong und Kok Wai Phang. „Field Load Test on Full‐Scale Reinforced Concrete Frame“. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 6, Nr. 3 (August 1992): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(1992)6:3(137).

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Bybee, Karen. „Field Test of a Full-Scale Dual-Gradient Drilling System“. Journal of Petroleum Technology 53, Nr. 11 (01.11.2001): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1101-0034-jpt.

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Dou, WY. „Field test and numerical analysis of a new expansion joint“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2158, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2158/1/012041.

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Abstract in order to realize the reasonable design of new type pile slab subgrade, this study, relying on the reconstruction and expansion project of Lintou Longxi Interchange Section of g5011 Wuhe expressway, constructs a pile slab subgrade model with 15 holes and each hole is 6m. Through the full-scale model, the displacement of the new type of vertical limited expansion joint of pile slab subgrade under the most unfavorable load is obtained. Based on the separated modeling method, the nonlinear analysis of full-scale specimen under test loading condition with load displacement curve in good agreement with the measured results is realized. Combined with the static performance test of full-scale members, it is verified that the expansion joint of the pile slab subgrade has good vertical displacement limiting ability, which can be applied to the engineering.
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Buckley-Johnstone, L., M. Harmon, R. Lewis, C. Hardwick und R. Stock. „A comparison of friction modifier performance using two laboratory test scales“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 233, Nr. 2 (04.09.2018): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718787045.

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This paper describes two methods, carried out at two different test scales, for assessing the friction modifier performance. Study A used the wear data from a full-scale rig test at the voestalpine Schienen GmbH and compared it with the wear data from twin disc tests using the SUROS test machine at the University of Sheffield. Study B compared the ‘retentivity’ data, from a full-scale rig at the University of Sheffield, with the data from the SUROS tests. Study A concluded that a good correlation existed between the two scales although assumptions made in the full-scale contact calculation introduce a large spread into the results. There was a greater correlation between the two data sets at more severe contact conditions. Study B showed a different baseline coefficient of traction between the two scales and that a longer test length is required to fully evaluate the ‘retention’ of the friction modifier on the full-scale rig. The paper expands on a previous conference presentation on the same subject. Additional information on the test procedure and test rigs is included here. Surface and subsurface analyses of the SUROS test samples have also been added. The analyses have shown that applying the friction modifier leads to a similar wear mechanism as for the dry contact, but the wear is less severe and there is less subsurface deformation. A discussion describing the differences in test scales and comparing lab tests to field operation is also included.
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Kesavan, G., und S. S. Chandrasekaran. „Geotechnical Investigation, Field Load Test and Analysis of Full-Scale Bored Pile“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 1126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.1126.

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The maximum load carrying capacity of bored piles is a complex problem because it is a function of a number of factors, these factors include methods of soil exploration, ground water condition, types of grading of concrete, quantity and quality of concrete. The knowledge of Geotechnical test is important for the most economical design of the piles. This paper describes some important aspects of field investigation, design and construction of in-situ bored pile foundation, field pile load test of experience gained from the construction of the pile at a site in Aathoor in Tamil Nadu, India. The site was fully sandy soil from existing ground level. The design of bored pile under axial compression was done using Empirical formula, pile load test and by using PLAXIS 2D software. Results were compared with vertical load and settlement in this site.
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NAGATANI, Tatsuya, Yukihiko TAMURA, Masatoshi IIJIMA, Masaru TATEYAMA, Kenichi KOJIMA und Kenji WATANABE. „CONSTRUCTION AND FIELD OBSERVATION OF THE FULL SCALE TEST INTEGRAL GRS BRIDGE“. Jioshinsetikkusu Rombunshu (Geosynthetics Engineering Journal) 24 (2009): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5030/jcigsjournal.24.219.

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Nishimoto, K., F. Kaster, I. Q. Masetti, J. Matsuura und J. A. P. Aranha. „Full scale decay test of a tanker: field data and theoretical analysis“. Ocean Engineering 26, Nr. 2 (August 1998): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-8018(97)10006-3.

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Byrne, P. M., H. Puebla, D. H. Chan, A. Soroush, N. R. Morgenstern, D. C. Cathro, W. H. Gu et al. „CANLEX full-scale experiment and modelling“. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, Nr. 3 (01.06.2000): 543–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t00-042.

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A major aim of the Canadian Liquefaction Experiment (CANLEX) was to verify analysis procedures for predicting liquefaction phenomena. Towards this purpose, two loading events were carried out: a field event comprising a clay embankment built over a loose sand foundation layer, and a centrifuge test performed on a model of a sand embankment structure. Both the field event and the centrifuge model were planned so as to induce a static liquefaction failure and were instrumented to observe their response in terms of displacement and pore pressure. The fundamental mechanical characteristics of the foundation layer were determined from laboratory element tests (triaxial and simple shear). These tests formed the basis for the stress-strain modelling used in the numerical analyses. Two fundamentally different modelling techniques were used. One involved a fully coupled plasticity model, and the other involved a model based on a collapse-surface approach. The model and prototype structures were then analyzed and the predicted results in terms of displacements and pore pressures were compared with the measured values. The results from both approaches were found to be in reasonable agreement with the measurements, provided allowance was made for direction of loading and drainage effects were accounted for.Key words: liquefaction, field experiment, embankment, centrifuge model, elastic-plastic model.
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Gomez Gonzalez, Alejandro, Peder B. Enevoldsen, Athanasios Barlas und Helge A. Madsen. „Field test of an active flap system on a full-scale wind turbine“. Wind Energy Science 6, Nr. 1 (06.01.2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-6-33-2021.

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Abstract. This article describes a series of validation tests of an active flap system (AFS) on a multi-megawatt wind turbine. A single blade of a 4 MW turbine with 130 m rotor diameter (SWT-4.0-130) is retrofitted in the outer 15–20 m with the AFS. The AFS is controlled remotely with a pneumatic pressure supply system located in the hub of the turbine. The measurements were performed between October 2017 and June 2019 using two different AFS configurations on the blade. A description of the system setup is given, as well as comparisons of measurements and aeroelastic simulations. The measurements quantify the static load control authority of the AFS in atmospheric conditions, providing a preliminary estimate of load impact potential for the concept. This article presents, furthermore, a new method for the characterization of the load impact of such a system and its dynamic response under atmospheric conditions based on a blade-to-blade load comparison.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Full scale field test"

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Conlee, Carolyn T. Gallagher Patricia M. „Dynamic properties of colloidal silica soils using centrifuge model tests and a full-scale field test /“. Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3248.

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Roia, Davide. „Dynamic response of piles under lateral loading: full scale field test and numerical analysis“. Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/241933.

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Negli ultimi anni il tema dell’interazione terreno-struttura ha suscitato un’attenzione particolare nel campo dell’ingegneria geotecnica e strutturale. Le caratteristiche dinamiche del sistema terreno-fondazione possono condizionare fortemente il comportamento sismico della struttura di elevazione. Questo problema è particolarmente importante nel caso di fondazioni profonde: le proprietà meccaniche e la geometria del terreno e delle fondazioni,così come la loro mutua interazione, possono influenzare le caratteristiche di rigidezza e smorzamento del sistema suolo-palo durante il moto sismico. Sia nella ricerca che nella progettazione avanzata questo problema può essere studiato in modo diretto, modellando l’intero sistema dinamico suolo-palo con un modello 3D agli elementi finiti, o utilizzando metodi teorici. I risultati di questi approcci sono molto sensibili al grado di dettaglio del modello e a molti parametri che definiscono le caratteristiche dinamiche del sistema terreno-palo. In questo contesto, i risultati di test sperimentali in situ, in vera grandezza o in scala ridotta, e i risultati di test di laboratorio rappresentano uno strumento essenziale per fornire i parametri necessari ai modelli numerici e analitici e per validarne i risultati. Tuttavia, in letteratura non sono molti i lavori che riguardano prove in situ in vera grandezza su fondazioni profonde. Questo lavoro presenta un esteso programma di prove sperimentali in situ in vera grandezza condotto su un gruppo di tre pali in acciaio al porto turistico di La Spezia, in Italia. Il programma comprende tre tipologie di prove dinamiche con differenti livelli di eccitazione: prove di impatto, prove di vibrazione libera e di vibrazione forzata. I pali sono vibro-infissi in argilla marina soffice in una configurazione ad L e non sono vincolati in testa. Il programma di prove è stato eseguito in due tempi: la prima campagna una settimana dopo la vibro-infissione dei pali e la seconda dopo dieci settimane. I pali sono stati strumentati con accelerometri disposti in testa a ciascun palo e con strain gages e trasduttori di pressione disposti lungo il palo d’angolo, utilizzando una tecnica non convenzionale per prove in sito in ambiente marino. Viene presentato e discusso il comportamento dinamico del complesso sistema suolo-acqua-palo soggetto a diversi livelli di forza. Con riferimento al palo singolo, ne viene presentata la risposta in termini di frequenze naturali, smorzamenti e forme modali dei primi due modi flessionali. Con riferimento al gruppo di pali sono valutati gli effetti dell’interazione palo-palo dovuti alla propagazione di diversi tipi di onde, in relazione alla direzione dell’azione. Si discute la variazione del comportamento dinamico del sistema nel tempo (per le due campagne di prove) dovuta alla ri-consolidazione del terreno vicino ai pali susseguente la vibro-infissione. Inoltre, viene effettuata una stima della velocità delle onde di taglio dello strato di terreno superficiale sulla base della misurazione dei ritardi temporali dei segnali accelerometrici alla testa dei pali. I risultati sperimentali sono inoltre confrontati con quelli ottenuti mediante differenti approcci numerici: in particolare sono stati sviluppati due differenti modelli 3D agli elementi finiti in ABAQUS, considerando elementi di tipo solido o di tipo shell per la modellazione dei pali, i cui parametri sono calibrati sulla base dei risultati sperimentali. Infine si mostrano i confronti con i risultati ottenuti mediante il modello 3D per l’analisi cinematica di fondazioni su pali formulato da Dezi et al. (2009), opportunamente modificato al fine di simulare le prove della campagna sperimentale.
The topic of soil-structure interaction has received large attention in recent years. The seismic performance of a superstructure can be significantly affected by the behaviour of soil and foundation and their mutual interaction under an earthquake motion. This problem is particularly significant in the case of deep foundations; mechanical properties and geometrical characteristics of soil and piles as well as their mutual interaction may affect the stiffness and damping characteristics of the soil-pile system during earthquake motion.In both research and advanced practice, this problem may be approached with a direct method, modelling the whole dynamic soil-pile system with a 3-D finite element model, or by using theoretical approaches. However, the results of these approaches are very sensitive to the degree of the model refinement and to many parameters that define the dynamic characteristics of the soil-pile system. In this context, experimental results of full- or smallscale in situ and laboratory tests represent an essential instrument to provide parameters for and to validate numerical and analytical methods. However, few full-scale in-situ tests on pile foundations have been reported in the open literature to date. The present work presents an extensive experimental program of full-scale field tests carried out on a group of three steel pipe piles at the tourist port of La Spezia, Italy. Three typologies of dynamic tests are carried out at different level of force: impact load test, free vibration test, and forced vibration test. The piles are vibro-driven into marine soft clay, with a L-shaped plan layout, kept free at the head. Two test campaigns have been carried out, the first 1 week and the second 10 weeks after vibro-driving of the piles. The piles are instrumented with an unconventional technique for field tests in marine environment which includes accelerometers at the head of each pile, strain gages and pore pressure gages along the fully instrumented corner pile. The dynamic behaviour of the complex soil-water-pile system at different levels of force is discussed. In particular the response of the single pile, in terms of natural frequencies, damping and mode shapes of the first and second pile bending modes is presented. Effects of the input direction in the pile-to-pile interaction are also evaluated. The variation in time of the dynamic behaviour of the system (for the two campaigns), due to re-consolidation of the soil close to the pile subsequent to the vibrodriving, is observed. An average shear wave velocity of the upper soil is estimated from the time delays of the accelerometer signals recorded at the head of piles. The experimental results are then compared with numerical results obtained with different approaches: two 3-D finite element models are developed in ABAQUS, considering solid or shell elements for the piles, and calibrated on the basis of experimental results; and a 3-D model for the kinematic interaction analysis of pile groups, formulated by Dezi et al. (2009) is here specialized to simulate the tests of the experimental campaign.
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Delaney, Michael A. „Numerical field model simulation of full scale fire tests in a closed and an open compartment“. Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23994.

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Thorbjörnson, Lind Thomas. „Rockfalls from rock cuts beside Swedish railroads : A full scale fieldtest, to investigate rockfalls and how rock bounces“. Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-185583.

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Rockfalls is a major problem around the world, if they occur in populated areas, they can cause major damage to infrastructure, injure or kill people. For this reason, it is important to be able to predict where the risk of rockfalls and how to prevent and protect populated areas from them. However, it is no easy task to predict rockfalls. Although if an area with potential area for rockfall is localized it may seem easy to construct protective meshing or bolting potential blocks down. But in many cases this is not easy to do due to practical issues or economic reasons, for example in rock cuts on older railways in Sweden. Fall heights from rock cuts like that are not particularly high but the risk of damage to the trains and infrastructure in the track area is high, however, it is unknown how extensive the damage may be. Trafikverket, the Swedish authority responsible for Sweden's roads and railways, has for some years investigated a new method for classifying and minimize the risk of rockfalls from rock cuts next to the railways. This study include aims to include the potential maximum distance of a block from the rockfall can travel to the existing method. This master's work is part of the investigation and will include full scale field test where the rockfalls are examined by filming them and then evaluate the “bounce coefficient”, coefficient of restitution, from the individual rockfalls using photogrammetric methods. During the field study, a geotechnical testing equipment, DCP test rig, to be evaluated for its ability of an easy way in the field to produce an estimated value on the coefficient of restitution. During the evaluation, two rockfall simulating software be used to investigate how well the results from them match the true blocks movements.
Stenras är ett stort problem runtom i världen, om de inträffar i bebyggda områden kan de leda till stora skador på infrastruktur, skador eller dödsfall. Av den anledningen är det viktigt att kunna förutse vart det finns risk för stenras och hur man kan förebygga dem och skydda bebyggda områden från dem. Dock är det ingen lätt uppgift att förutse stenras. Även om det finns ett potentiellt område för stenras kan det tyckas lätt att placera ut skyddsnät eller bulta fast potentiella block. Men i många fall är detta inte praktiskt, eller ekonomiskt, till exempel i bergsskärningar på äldre järnvägar i Sverige. Fallhöjderna här är inte speciellt höga men risken för skador på tåg och infrastruktur i spårområdet är hög, dock är det okänt hur omfattande skadorna kan bli. Trafikverket, den svenska myndigheten som ansvarar för Sveriges vägar och järnvägar, har under flera år utrett en ny metod för att klassificera och minimera riskerna för stenras från bergskärningar bredvid järnvägar. Denna utredning syftar bland annat till att till att väga in det potentiella maximalt avstånd ett block från stenras kan färdas i den befintliga modellen. Det här mastersarbetet är en del i den utredningen och kommer att innefatta ett fullskaligt fältförsök där stenras undersöks genom att de filmas och sedan utvärderas studskoefficienten, coefficient of restitution, från de enskilda rasen i stereo. Under fältstudien kommer en geoteknisk testutrustning, DCP test rigg, att utvärderas för sin förmåga att lätt i fält få fram ett uppskattat värde på studskoefficienten. Under utvärderingen kommer två stenrassimuleringsprogram att användas för att undersöka hur väl de stämmer med de verkliga blockens rörelser.
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McCarthy, Timothy G. „Numerical field model simulation of full-scale fire tests in a closed spherical/cylindrical vessel using advanced computer graphics techniques“. Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26656.

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Camargo, Felipe Filizzola. „Field and laboratory performance evaluation of a field-blended rubber asphalt“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-01072016-111905/.

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Rubber asphalt has been used in Brazil as early as 2001. Among the fabrication processes of rubber asphalt, the most widely used in Brazil is the terminal blend. However, the use of field-blended rubber asphalt has been around in the United States for decades, especially in the state of Arizona. This process results in a highly viscous material with enhanced engineering properties, but requires specific equipment that is typically installed at the job site, or close to the supplying asphalt plant. Thus, keeping in mind the possible technological advantages of using a field blended rubber asphalt mixture and the lack of information regarding this technique in Brazil, there is a necessity to develop studies to assess the performance of this type of material in our environmental conditions and axle loading configurations. Therefore, a laboratory study was conducted to determine the rheological properties of a field-blended rubber asphalt and compare them to those of typical binders used in Brazil (an AC 30/45 penetration grade and a binder modified with SBS, an elastomeric polymer). Binder permanent deformation was determined using the Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) test, whereas binder fatigue behavior was determined using the Time Sweep and Linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS) tests. Subsequently, the permanent deformation and fatigue behavior of a gap-graded mixture using the field-blended rubber asphalt were assessed in the laboratory and in the field. The permanent deformation of the mixture was determined in the laboratory using the LCPC wheel track test, whereas the fatigue behavior was determined using the four point bending flexural test. A test section was built after the rehabilitation job of highway RJ-122, where a field-blended rubber asphalt mixture was first used in the country. The mixture performance was studied in situ through accelerated pavement tests using a full scale, large mobile traffic simulator. The results were used to model the performance of the structure with the rubber asphalt mixture by means of the Highway Development and Management Model (HDM-4) cracking and permanent deformation models, calibrated to local conditions. Accelerated pavement tests were validated through periodic pavement monitoring campaigns conducted for four years in a test section in Highway RJ-122. The field-blended rubber asphalt showed a good performance in terms of permanent deformation and fatigue determined in the laboratory at the binder and mixture levels, which confirms what was verified in the field.
No Brasil, o asfalto-borracha vem sendo utilizado desde meados de 2001. Dentre os processos de fabricação do asfalto-borracha, o mais utilizado no Brasil é o asfalto-borracha estocável ou terminal blend. Contudo, o asfalto-borracha do tipo não estocável (field blend) vem sendo bastante difundido nos Estados Unidos há décadas, principalmente no estado do Arizona. Este processo resulta em um asfalto-borracha de alta viscosidade, com alto desempenho, porém requer um equipamento de fabricação de asfalto-borracha específico, instalado no canteiro de obras, ou muito próximo à usina de asfaltos fornecedora da obra. Tendo em vista as possíveis vantagens tecnológicas do asfalto-borracha field blend e o conhecimento ainda pequeno sobre esta técnica no Brasil, há a necessidade de desenvolver estudos para a avaliação deste tipo de material frente às condições climáticas e de solicitação pelas cargas viárias em nosso país. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo em laboratório para verificar as propriedades reológicas de um asfalto-borracha field blend e compará-las com as características de ligantes típicos empregados no Brasil (um CAP 30-45 e um ligante modificado por polímero elastomérico do tipo SBS). Elegeu-se o Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) para verificar a deformação permanente e o Time Sweep e Linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS) para verificar o comportamento na fadiga dos ligantes. Na sequência, determinou-se a deformação permanente e o comportamento à fadiga de uma mistura asfáltica descontínua (gap-graded) empregando o asfalto-borracha field blend em laboratório e no campo. A deformação permanente da mistura foi verificada por meio do simulador de tráfego LCPC, enquanto a vida de fadiga foi determinada utilizando o ensaio de flexão em viga (4 pontos). Por fim, foi construída uma seção teste após a conclusão da obra de restauração dos pavimentos da rodovia RJ-122, local onde se elegeu a utilização desta tecnologia pela primeira vez no país. O desempenho da mistura foi estudado in loco com o emprego de ensaios acelerados do pavimento utilizando-se o simulador de tráfego linear móvel em tamanho real. Os resultados obtidos foram utilizados para modelar o desempenho da estrutura com o revestimento asfáltico constituído pela mistura com o asfalto-borracha por meio dos modelos de trincamento e de deformação permanente do Highway Development and Management Model (HDM-4), podendo-se verificar o desempenho desta mistura calibrado para as condições locais. Os ensaios acelerados foram validados em campo por meio de campanhas de monitoramento periódicas realizadas ao longo de quatro anos na rodovia RJ-122. Pelos ensaios de laboratório no ligante e na mistura foi possível concluir que o asfalto-borracha field blend apresenta um bom desempenho quanto à deformação permanente e à fadiga, corroborando o que foi verificado no campo.
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Freuler, Richard Jeffrey. „An investigation of jet engine test cell aerodynamics by means of scale model test studies with comparisons to full-scale test results /“. The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487758680159803.

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Carrea, Francesco. „Shake-table test on a full-scale bridge reinforced concrete column“. Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/1756/.

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Gustafsson, Veronica. „Creep deformation of rockfill : Back analysis of a full scale test“. Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-159189.

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With the purpose of studying the mechanical properties of uncompacted rockfill and the creep deformation behaviour of rockfill under a load as well as finding a suitable method for estimation of creep deformation behaviour, a full scale embankment loading experiment was performed. The results of this experiment were then evaluated. During the course of this study it became evident to the author that the deformations which were seen in the collected data from the experiment could be classified as creep deformations due to the linear decrease of the deformation against the logarithm of time and the study therefore came to focus on creep. One constitutive equation and one model for estimation of creep deformations were studied, and parameters were obtained through back analysis of experiment data as well as calculation of soil stresses. The creep model was based on a logarithmic approximation of the creep deformations and the creep equation was based on a power function. The creep model could also be simplified and evaluated as an equation and when a comparison was made between the equations and the measured results this showed that the logarithmic equation resulted in estimates closer to the measured deformations than what the power function did, therefore a logarithmic function is a better approximation to the deformations of the rockfill at Norvik than the power function. When the creep model was evaluated as intended, based on the soil stresses, the resulting creep estimates were less accurate, they was however still within the limits of what can be considered as admissible. The conclusion is that a logarithmic function describes the creep deformation of the rockfill at Norvik better than a power function and that the creep model by Kristensen is suitable for estimating the creep deformations. This since the creep model also provides a way of estimating deformations occurring under stress conditions other than the ones for which the creep test was performed.
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Edin, Erik, und Mattias Ström. „Comparing a full scale test with FDS, FireFOAM, McCaffrey & Eurocode“. Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och brand, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-75616.

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In the rapidly growing field of CFD-calculations (Computational Fluid Dynamics), companies and organizations are bringing forth new tools, tools that display an image of a given fire scenario. These tools are developed because they provide time efficiency as well as a sustainable economic approach. Another useful tool is analytical solutions, these analytical solutions serve the same purpose as CFD-modeling, providing results of a given scenario. The purpose of this thesis was to simulate a fire plume with two different CFDprograms and compare the gas temperature from each simulation with a full-scale test. Also, analytical solutions were used to perform the same comparisons. Four different calculation models were utilized to obtain results. The CFD-programs were FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) and FireFOAM. The analytical solutions were performed using McCaffrey´s plume equation and Eurocode solutions for localized fire temperatures. FDS is a very well documented program, due to this, problems that arose were easily fixed. The structure of FDS enables the user to maneuver the program easily. SmokeView was used to visualize the simulation. FireFOAM is written in C++ and is operated through the command prompt. The structure of the program was time-consuming to understand mainly because of two reasons, primarily because the authors lack of knowledge in coding in C++, and second because of the LINUX environment. Moreover, the process of working in FireFOAM was mostly through trial and error. On some occasions, issues arose that could be solved by communication with other CFD users at CFD-Online. When major problems occurred, regarding the code or other CFD issues, Johan Anderson at RISE Research Institutes of Sweden guided us through most of these problems and enabled us to move forward with the work. ParaView was used to visualize the simulation, and Excel was used to evaluate the temperature data from the FDS- and FireFOAM simulations. For the calculations in FDS and FireFOAM, a sensitivity analysis was performed to see which grid size presented best results in each program. A grid size of 5 cm, 10 cm, and 20 cm were applied in FDS, and in FireFOAM the grid dimensions were set to 5 cm and 10 cm. The results showed that 5 cm was the most appropriate grid size for both programs. It would have been more favorably to simulate with several different grid sizes, to further strengthen the grid analysis. Though, due to the time frame of the thesis, further simulations were not performed. Calculations were repeated for the same scenario only with a lower HRR (Heat release rate). An extensive sensitivity analysis was conducted for FDS in the form of two different simulations. One simulation where HRR was the same as the full-scale test but with twice the area of the burner. In the second simulation, the same area was used on the burner as the fullscale test, but with half the HRR. Results from the analytical solutions were easy to achieve; however, the model has some limitations regarding calculations within the flame region. The estimated gas temperature, using FDS, aligns well with the full-scale test. The temperatures analyzed from FireFOAM deviated in general through the flame region and reached unreasonable high temperatures close to the ceiling. Since the analytical solutions were based on different conditions compared to those applied in the full-scale test, it was expected that the results should deviate. However, McCaffrey plume equations can still be used to give an approximate picture of scenarios similar to that of the full-scale test, and the same applies to Eurocode solutions for localized fire temperatures. Analysis of the results shows that FDS can be used to simulate similar scenarios. FireFOAM simulates a gas temperature that is overestimated within the flame region. One of the reasons for this was due to the grid size since the sensitivity analysis III showed that a refined grid size resulted in more correct temperature value, the reason for not simulating with a more refined grid size was due to the restricted time frame of this thesis. FireFOAM is, at present, recommended for researchers who wish to use the code for specific purposes. Therefore, given the same premises, FireFOAM is not recommended for the standard fire safety analysis.
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Bücher zum Thema "Full scale field test"

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Zhou, Jialin, und Erwin Oh. Full-Scale Field Tests of Different Types of Piles. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6183-6.

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Delaney, Michael A. Numerical field model simulation of full scale fire tests in a closed and an open compartment. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1992.

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McCarthy, Timothy G. Numerical field model simulation of full-scale fire tests in a closed spherical/cylindrical vessel using advanced computer graphics techniques. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1991.

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Kramer, Steven L. Behavior of piles in full-scale, field lateral loading tests: Final report, Research Project GC 8286, Task 4, Piles--Lateral Load Testing. [Olympia, Wash.?]: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, Planning, Research and Public Transportation Division in cooperation with the U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1991.

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Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development., Hrsg. OECD full-scale pavement test. Paris, France: Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, 1991.

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Yutaka, Yamazaki, und Kensetsushō Kenchiku Kenkyūjo (Japan), Hrsg. The Japanese 5-story full scale reinforced concrete masonry test. Tsukuba-shi, Japan: Building Research Institute, Ministry of Construction, 1989.

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1938-, Santhanam Chakra J., und Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory., Hrsg. Full-scale field evaluation of waste disposal from coal-fired electric generating plants. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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1938-, Santhanam Chakra J., und Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, Hrsg. Full-scale field evaluation of waste disposal from coal-fired electric generating plants. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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1938-, Santhanam Chakra J., und Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory., Hrsg. Full-scale field evaluation of waste disposal from coal-fired electric generating plants. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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J, Santhanam C., Hrsg. Full-scale field evaluation of waste disposal from coal-fired electric generating plants. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Full scale field test"

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Clerici, Alberto, Ezio Giuriani, Danilo Cambiaghi, Antonio Isceri, Giorgio Vassena, Egidio Marchina und Luca Cominoli. „Rockfall Full Scale Field Tests“. In Landslide Science and Practice, 461–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31445-2_60.

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Zhou, Jialin, und Erwin Oh. „Field Tests of Precast Concrete Piles“. In Full-Scale Field Tests of Different Types of Piles, 107–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6183-6_4.

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Zhou, Jialin, und Erwin Oh. „Field Performance of Composite Piles“. In Full-Scale Field Tests of Different Types of Piles, 139–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6183-6_5.

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Zhou, Jialin, und Erwin Oh. „Field Tests of Post Grouted Concrete Piles“. In Full-Scale Field Tests of Different Types of Piles, 81–106. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6183-6_3.

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Zhou, Jialin, und Erwin Oh. „Field Tests of Super-Long and Large Diameter Piles“. In Full-Scale Field Tests of Different Types of Piles, 173–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6183-6_6.

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Zhou, Jialin, und Erwin Oh. „Piles Under Ultimate Loads“. In Full-Scale Field Tests of Different Types of Piles, 197–223. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6183-6_7.

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Zhou, Jialin, und Erwin Oh. „General Principles and Practices“. In Full-Scale Field Tests of Different Types of Piles, 5–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6183-6_2.

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Zhou, Jialin, und Erwin Oh. „Conclusions and Recommendations“. In Full-Scale Field Tests of Different Types of Piles, 267–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6183-6_9.

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Zhou, Jialin, und Erwin Oh. „Capacity and Settlement Analysis“. In Full-Scale Field Tests of Different Types of Piles, 225–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6183-6_8.

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Zhou, Jialin, und Erwin Oh. „Introduction“. In Full-Scale Field Tests of Different Types of Piles, 1–4. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6183-6_1.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Full scale field test"

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Cappelletto, Andrea, Roberto Tagliaferri, Gianmario Giurlani, Giuseppe Andrei, Giuseppe Furlani und Giuseppe Scarpelli. „Field Full Scale Tests on Longitudinal Pipeline-Soil Interaction“. In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2090.

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Recent research on longitudinal pipe-soil interaction shows that traditional analysis models are inadequate and too conservative, especially when cohesive soils are involved. The practical implication for SNAM, whose network extends over the entire Italian territory where slow ground movements inducing longitudinal soil-pipe interaction are frequent, is that the management of the gas pipeline has to rely mainly on field measurements. The correct assessment of the interaction forces was therefore included as an important part of a wider research program, whose aim is to perform pipe risk analysis by which the structural vulnerability for some SNAM typical scenarios can be quantified as a function of such parameters as the pipe section geometry, the type of soil, the burial depth, the length of pipeline section involved and the magnitude of the soil imposed displacements. Experimental activities specifically regarding longitudinal, static, interaction problems were carried out; in particular pull-out tests were performed on two out of use pipelines, having two different diameters: 8” and 24”. For each site, four different test conditions were investigated where type and compaction state of the material surrounding the pipe varies. The behaviour of the pipe embedded in the original clayey backfill was compared to that observed after such fill was excavated and replaced around the pipe, to simulate conditions after standard stress relieving works. Different fills where then used, made of either granular soil or granulite; this latter was used in order to ascertain the possible benefits of using light artificial materials to mitigate soil-pipe interaction phenomena. Site testing was accompanied by a careful geotechnical investigation both in the field and in laboratory that included direct shear tests of interfaces using coated steel pipe specimens. A comparison between the results obtained and the existing state of the art is presented. This comparison allowed to verify the effectiveness of some interpretative models, and in particular the convenience of adopting effective stress based models rather than pure cohesive ones (i.e. total stress), even in the case of clayey soils.
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GRAVES, WILLIAM, und DAVID LATTANZI. „FULL-SCALE DEFORMATION FIELD MEASUREMENTS VIA PHOTOGRAMMETRIC REMOTE SENSING“. In Structural Health Monitoring 2021. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2021/36298.

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3D remote sensing technologies have improved dramatically over the past five years and methods such as laser scanning and photogrammetry are now capable of reliably resolving geometric details on the order of one millimeter or less. This has significant impacts for the structural health monitoring community, as it has expanded the range of mechanics-driven problems that these methods can be employed on. In this work, we explore how 3D geometric measurements extracted from photogrammetric point clouds can be leveraged for structural analysis and measurement of structural deformations without physically contacting the target structure. Here we present a non-destructive evaluation technique for extracting and quantifying structural deformations as applied to a load test on a highway bridge in Delaware. The challenging nature of 3D point cloud data means that statistical methods must be employed to adequately evaluate the deformation field of the bridge. Overall, the results show a direct pathway from 3D imaging to fundamental mechanical analysis with measurements that capture the true deformation values typically within one standard deviation. These results are promising given that the mid-span deformation of the bridge for the given load test is on the scale of only a few millimeters. Future work for this method will also investigate using these results for updating finite element models.
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Constantinides, Yiannis, Stergios Liapis, Don Spencer, Mohammed Islam, Kjetil Skaugset, Apurva Batra und Rolf Baarholm. „Full Scale Fairing Qualification Tests“. In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-42417.

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Production risers as well as drilling risers are often subjected to Vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) when exposed to ocean currents. VIV have been observed in the field and can cause fatigue failure and excessive drag on the riser. In order to suppress VIV and reduce drag, fairings are often used. This paper presents hydrodynamic qualification tests for two types of fairings: the short crab claw (SCC) and a tapered dual fin design. The short crab claw fairing design is a novel design that was developed by the Norwegian Deepwater Programme (NDP). As will be detailed in this paper, the SCC design offers very low drag, completely suppresses VIV and reduces riser interference. In 2012, a model test campaign was undertaken to understand and qualify the hydrodynamic performance of fairings at prototype conditions. The program consisted of testing the three fairing geometries and a strake to understand the stand-alone performance in VIV and the performance in interference. This was accomplished by utilizing a single pipe setup for the standalone test and a two-pipe setup for the interference tests. The paper reports the results of the program and draws conclusions on the hydrodynamic performance of the VIV suppression devices tested. Overall, all VIV suppression devices tested were able to suppress VIV with the SCC fairing being the most effective. In all cases tested, the downstream fairings / strakes were very effective in suppressing VIV in an interference scenario where a fairing was placed upstream. Contrary to the well-documented case of two strakes in tandem, in this case the upstream fairings did not reduce the effectiveness of the downstream fairings/strakes.
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Goyder, H. G. D., K. Armstrong, L. Billingham, M. J. Every, T. P. Jee und R. J. Swindell. „A Full Scale Test for Acoustic Fatigue in Pipework“. In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93777.

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Gas flow through a corrugated pipe can produce unacceptable levels of noise. The occurrence of such noise gave rise to concerns about vibration induced fatigue of small-bore subsea pipework in the Schiehallion oil field. In order to check that the subsea pipework was free from noise-induced vibration a full scale replica of the subsea equipment containing the small-bore pipework was built and tested. The test required the generation of acoustic pressures with a 1 bar amplitude and a frequency range of 80 to 800Hz. It was also necessary to arrange for resonant conditions within the pipework and for acoustic nodes and anti-nodes to be swept though a range of possible locations. The test was conducted with full-scale conditions of methane at a static pressure of 170bar and with a range of gas flow rates. Particular attention was given to achieving the correct acoustic and structural natural frequencies together with the correct acoustic and structural damping ratios. The subsea equipment was found to be vulnerable for one operating condition. This vulnerability was removed by retro-fitting a brace to the existing subsea pipework.
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CASTEDO, RICARDO, ANASTASIO P. SANTOS, CARLOS REIFARTH, MARÍA CHIQUITO, LINA MARIA LÓPEZ, ALEJANDRO PÉREZ-CALDENTEY, SANTIAGO MARTÍNEZ-ALMAJANO und ALEJANDRO ALAÑÓN. „FULL-SCALE REINFORCED CONCRETE SLABS WITH EXTERNAL REINFORCED POLYMER: FIELD TEST AND NUMERICAL COMPARISON“. In HPSM/OPTI/SUSI 2022. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/hpsu220121.

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Cai, Yezhao, Robert Pitt, Judy Bruenjes und Robert Andoh. „Full-Scale Up-Flo® Stormwater Filter Field Verification Tests“. In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2013. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412947.292.

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Moura, E. I. F., L. R. Rosa, J. O. Moraes, A. F. Riente, J. G. Percy und S. D. Franco. „Casing Wear Evaluation from Small-Scale Test“. In Offshore Technology Conference Brasil. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32862-ms.

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Abstract During drilling operations, there is contact between the tool joints (TJs) of the drilling string and the well casing. This interaction, which occurs in the presence of drilling fluid and abrasive particles detached from the well walls, can lead to excessive wear of these components. In the case of the casing, this wear is known as casing wear (CW), a phenomenon that has been a continuous concern in the development of oil and gas fields. This is because CW is related to implementation costs and has the potential to lead to catastrophic outcomes if it results in ruptures or well collapse (Thomas, 2001). To reduce casing wear and prolong the lifespan of TJs, hardbandings are deposited on the latter. However, hardbandings are typically made of ferrous alloys, containing hard phases in their microstructure (carbides and/or borides) (Cernocky and Paslay, 1990), and it is crucial in the material selection to balance between the protection offered to the TJ (which should be high) and the wear generated on the casing by the hardbandings (which should be low). Furthermore, challenges lie in controlling field variables and the time needed to assess wear conditions. These factors may result in longer decision-making processes crucial for the industry. Given these factors, there is a possibility to develop, in a laboratory environment, a full-scale test condition that can experimentally study material wear, based on controlling variables and utilizing accelerated testing parameters. However, such a full-scale setup requires greater financial investments, primarily due to equipment development, specialized labor, physical space, and in some cases, the use of full-sized test pieces. Therefore, despite its validity, this experimental study condition may not always be attractive. A second option often employed in laboratory studies involves conducting tests at a reduced scale, which significantly narrows down and controls the parameters influencing wear, making this test condition valid and practical for obtaining faster and more accurate results. Therefore, the study of CW, especially through experimental testing, is relevant to the industry as predicting casing wear is crucial to ensure well integrity. In this context, this work will present the steps for the development and qualitative validation of the reduced-scale test based on the full-scale API 7CW test. The qualitative test comparison aims to compare the wear factor (WF) curve behavior over time in a way that develops an accessible, fast testing methodology capable of ranking materials and severe abrasive wear conditions. The aim of this work is not to develop a test that replaces the one proposed by the API 7CW standard, considering the importance of obtaining quantitative parameters closer to field conditions inherent to the full-scale test conditions. Thus, this work proposes the development of an accelerated testing methodology for conditions proposed by the API 7CW standard that allows, in a practical way, the selection of materials and the evaluation of different severe wear testing conditions.
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Lewicki, David G., Harry J. Decker und John T. Shimski. „Full-Scale Transmission Testing to Evaluate Advanced Lubricants“. In ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0036.

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Abstract Experimental tests were performed on the OH-58A helicopter main-rotor transmission in the NASA Lewis 500-hp helicopter transmission test stand. The testing was part of a joint Navy/NASA/Army lubrication program. The objectives of the joint program are to develop and demonstrate a separate lubricant for gearboxes with improved performance in life and load-carrying capacity. The goal of these experiments was to develop a testing procedure to fail certain transmission components using a MIL-L-23699 based reference oil and then to run identical tests with improved lubricants and demonstrate improved performance. The tests were directed at components that failed due to marginal lubrication from Navy field experience. These failures included mast shaft bearing micropitting, sun gear and planet bearing fatigue, and spiral bevel gear scoring. A variety of tests were performed and over 900 hr of total run time accumulated for these tests. Some success was achieved in developing a testing procedure to produce sun gear and planet bearing fatigue failures. Only marginal success was achieved in producing mast shaft bearing micropitting and spiral bevel gear scoring.
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Taylor, Rocky, Ian Turnbull, Eleanor Bailey-Dudley und Rob Pritchett. „Full-Scale In-Situ Four-Point Beam Bending Field Tests on Sea Ice“. In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-63163.

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Abstract The flexural strength of ice is not a basic material property, but rather is an estimate of the maximum stress in the outermost fiber of an ice specimen when it fails in bending. Such conditions correspond to a number of important engineering applications, such as interactions between ice and a sloping structure or between ice and ships. Ice flexural strength is therefore highly important for calculating ice pressures and forces of interest for engineering design. While there has been considerable discussion in the literature regarding scale effects related to ice crushing against a vertical structure, scale effects in relation to bending failure have received much less attention. To this end, more flexural strength data for large, full-thickness sea ice beams are needed. To address these data gaps, a field data collection program was carried out in Pistolet Bay, Newfoundland over two field seasons (2017–2018). During this program, large sea ice beams were tested in-situ using a custom four-point bending apparatus, which was comprised of several main subsystems (e.g., the ram loading system, the platen, the ubrackets, and the hydraulic system). The sea ice beams were completely cut free from the ice cover and loaded at four points, such that the center load is parallel, but opposed to, the loads at the ends of the beam. All tests were done in-situ so that no brine drainage took place and the temperature gradient remained consistent. Tests were carried out for several combinations of beam geometry, which were scaled relative to the ice thickness. In addition to flexural strength, during the Pistolet Bay field program, the physical properties of the ice were measured (temperature, salinity, density). In this paper, a description of the field apparatus, test program and results from the full-thickness in-situ four-point beam bending tests are presented, along with a discussion of practical implications and future work.
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Panyam, Meghashyam, Amin Bibo und Samuel Roach. „On the Multi-Body Modeling and Validation of a Full Scale Wind Turbine Nacelle Test Bench“. In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9100.

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Ground testing of full-scale wind turbine nacelles has emerged as a highly favorable alternative to field testing of prototypes for design validation. Currently, there are several wind turbine nacelle test facilities with capabilities to perform repeated and accelerated testing of integrated turbine components under loads that the machine would experience during its nominal lifetime. To perform accurate and efficient testing, it is of significant interest to understand the interaction between coupled test rig/dynamometer and nacelle components, particularly when applying extreme loads. This paper presents a multi-body simulation model that is aimed at understanding the responses of a coupled test rig and nacelle system during specific tests. The validity of the model is demonstrated by comparing quasi-static and dynamic simulation responses of key components with experimental data obtained on an actual 7.5 MW test rig. A case study is conducted to analyze a transient grid-loss event; a Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) test on the dynamometer and drivetrain components. It is shown that the model provides an efficient way to predict responses of the coupled system during transient/dynamic tests before actual implementation. Recommendations for mitigating the impact of such tests on the test bench drive components are provided. Additionally, observations of differences between transient events in the field and ground based testing are made.
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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Full scale field test"

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Tiku, Sanjay, Binoy John und Arnav Rana. PR-214-183816-R01 Full-scale Fatigue Testing of Field Dents. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Januar 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012202.

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Significant effort has been spent in understanding dent fatigue behavior and developing engineering assessment tools for dent integrity management involving full-scale dent testing and numerical modeling through Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI), United States Department of Transportation (DOT) and Canadian Energy Pipeline Association (CEPA) sponsored research [1][2][3][4][5]. The results of the research work have been incorporated in American Petroleum Institute (API) recommended practice (RP), API RP 1183 [6]. The assessment tools have been validated and calibrated against full-scale dent fatigue tests. The experimental database of dent full-scale fatigue tests; however, consisted of dents created in the laboratory and the majority of these were created using dome shaped (semi-elliptical end caps) indenters. The current project scope was developed to address the specific gap between fabricated samples developed for full-scale test and real world samples, and to provide further validation of the dent fatigue life assessment methodologies incorporated in API RP 1183[6]. The field dents tested under the current project ranged in depth from 0.6 % to 11 % and included pipe samples with diameters ranging from 10" OD to 40" OD. The experimental data generated using former in-service pipeline samples was used to assess and validate the Level 2 and Level 3 dent fatigue assessment tools incorporated in API RP 1183 and support the improved management of mechanical damage so that dig programs can be better managed and the resources effectively utilized by the operating companies. Related webinar
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Pargeter. L51507 Field Weldability of High-Strength Pipeline Steels. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Oktober 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010535.

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This document reports on research to assess the weldability of a range of high-strength (X80 grade) line pipe steels using both small-scale weldability trials, the Welding Institute of Canada test, and full-scale girth welds. Hardness and tensile tests were used to assess strength, and Charpy V and crack tip opening displacement tests were used to assess toughness. Experimental results are provided and a number of conclusions are listed.
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Looney, B. B., T. C. Hazen, D. S. Kaback und C. A. Eddy. Full scale field test of the in situ air stripping process at the Savannah River integrated demonstration test site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juni 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5624666.

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Looney, B. B., T. C. Hazen, D. S. Kaback und C. A. Eddy. Full scale field test of the in situ air stripping process at the Savannah River integrated demonstration test site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juni 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10129727.

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Pargeter. L51579 Field Weldability of High Strength Pipeline Steels. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), März 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010292.

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There are a number of economic advantages that arise through using high strength pipeline steels. The reduced wall thickness leads to lower steel tonnage requirements and provides scope for reducing welding time. Until relatively recently, the API specification 5L�" Specification for Linepipe" only covered steels up to 70 ksi minimum yield strength. This document reports on small scale weldability tests on two X80 grade steels and presents mechanical property data on full-size circumferential girth welds. Small scale SMA weldability was assessed using the WIC test with cellulosic consumables of matching strength. Weld metal, rather than HAZ, hydrogen cracking was found to occur at preheat temperatures below approximately 110 C (230 F). Heat affected zone cracking was not observed in any of the WIC tests.
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Gary Blythe und MariJon Owens. Field Testing of a Wet FGD Additive for Enhanced Mercury Control - Task 5 Full-Scale Test Results. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/961516.

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Gary Blythe. Field Testing of a Wet FGD Additive for Enhanced Mercury Control - Task 3 Full-scale Test Results. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Mai 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/961517.

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Feng, Zhicao. PR-218-174512-R01 Full-Scale Surface Loading Testing of Buried Pipes. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Juni 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012107.

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In 2015, Kiefner and Associates, Inc. (Kiefner) completed the ENV-6-1 project "Field Validation of Surface Loading Stress Calculations for Buried Pipelines" in which Kiefner monitored three buried pipe test segments at the Berne Station in Ohio to measure circumferential and longitudinal stresses due to heavy equipment crossing over the segments. This ENV-6-2 study "Full-Scale Surface Loading Testing of Buried Pipes Vibratory Compactor and Temporary Crossing" ionducted in the same location and on the same three pipeline specimens. The objective of this project is to develop surface loading criteria for pipelines with shallow burial depth under temporary crossings (e.g. mat, bridge, or steel plate) and pipeline subjected to dynamic loading from a vibrator compactor.
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Glover. L51488 Effects of Stress Relief Due to Hydrostatic Testing on Girth Weld Failure. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), November 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010068.

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Fitness-for-purpose analyses are being increasingly used in the engineering assessment of the safety of gas pipelines. The potential need for this arises because of the likelihood of a defect being present in the girth weld. Many of these analyses make an allowance for the residual stress caused by the weld, whilst others do not. It has been argued that if a defect survives the field hydrostatic test that the residual stress distribution will be altered and this could subsequently affect the tolerable defect size analysis. Four full-scale tests were carried out, two at each wall thickness; one of which was as-welded and one hydrostatically tested. In order to simulate the field hydrostatic test a novel laboratory technique was developed that minimized the end load during pressurization. The results of the full-scale tests, that failed by ductile tearing, show that for similar defect sizes the strain to failure is the same whether in the as-welded or hydrostatically tested condition. The strain to initiate tearing, however, is quite different. In the case of the 24" (610 mm) thin wall tests the strain to initiate tearing increases from 0.09% (as welded) to 0.17% (hydra test). For the 36" (914 mm) thick wall tests the equivalent figures are 0.11% and 0.12%. These results are consistent with the radial deflection measurements which predicted a much higher axial residual strain for the thinner wall pipe material. The results, do point out the effect of the residual stress oncleavage failure. The overall results are consistent with the various Engineering Critical Assessment techniques, however, the approach of CSA Z184 may prove to be more appropriate. This approach makes no allowance for residual strain for either brittle or ductile failure.
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Arumugam, Udayansankar, Mimoun Elboujdaini, Ming Gao und Ramiro Vanoye. PR-328-133702-R02 F-S Fatigue Testing of Crack-in-Dent with Framework for Life Prediction. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Oktober 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011628.

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ASME B31.8 states that "Dents that contain stress corrosion cracking or other cracks are injurious to the pipeline" and therefore, requires immediate attention by the Operators. Dent containing crack fields (colonies) are often observed in liquid pipelines. The recently completed PRCI research project MD-1N "Study of the Mechanism for Cracking in Dents in a Crude Oil Pipeline" showed evidence of a mechanism for fatigue cracking. The crack growth rate as a function of stress intensity factor was estimated using the measured spacings of fatigue striations from fracture surfaces based on the assumption that the formation of fatigue striations on a cycle-by-cycle basis. However, due to the lack of full-scale fatigue crack growth data, the success was limited. This gap prompted PRCI to launch a full-scale experimental investigation of crack growth rates of cracks in dents under cyclic pressure load in the simulated groundwater NS4 environment (PRC-328-133702, MD-1Q). The objective of the study was to determine the crack growth rate as a function of stress intensity factor, the number of cycles to failure, and the failure modes of cracks in dents. The test results would be used to evaluate the validity of cycle-by-cycle based assumption for crack growth rate estimation from the measured fatigue-striation-spacing. The investigation was also aimed at establishing a framework for remaining fatigue life prediction of cracks in dents in liquid pipelines. This framework would benefit liquid pipeline Operators to manage better the integrity of dents associated with corrosion fatigue cracking in groundwater. A total of six pipe samples containing cracks in shallow dents excavated from a retired 24-inch diameter liquid transmission pipeline were available and used for the full-scale fatigue tests. The test system developed under the project consisted of four components: (1) a computer-controlled hydraulic pressure cycling system, (2) an environment chamber containing a simulated groundwater NS4 solution mounted on the pipe in around the dent region to provide a simulated field environment condition; (3) real-time crack growth monitoring systems including direct cur-rent potential drop (DCPD), Clip gage and Strain gage; (4) data acquisition system. The cyclic pressure range used in the fatigue tests was 78 to 780 psig (72%SMYS) with R=0.1, which was based on historical operational pressure data and the Rain flow analysis. A constant frequency of 0.0526 Hz was selected for the testing to ensure the frequency requirement for corrosion fatigue is met. The remaining fatigue life of cracks-in-dents and failure modes were evaluated using the full-scale fatigue test results. Further, fatigue crack growth rates were established. Finally, a framework was developed for the life prediction of cracks in shallow dents based on the findings from six full-scale fatigue cyclic tests. This framework will assist liquid pipeline operators to estimate the remaining fatigue life for cracks in shallow dents utilizing inputs from ILI and pipeline's historical operational pressure fluctuation data and to mitigate the threat of cracks in dents in a timely manner. There is a related webinar.
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