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Rampazzo, Antonio. „Vascularization of the facial bones by facial artery: implications for full face allotransplantation“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423475.
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Background-The maxillary artery is recognized as the main vascular supply of the facial bones; nonetheless clinical evidence supports a co-dominant role for the facial artery. This study explores the extent of the facial skeleton within a facial allograft that can be harvested based on the facial artery.
Methods-Twenty-three cadaver heads were used in this study. In 12 heads, the right facial, superficial temporal and maxillary arteries were injected. In 1 head, facial artery angiography was performed. Ten facial allografts containing the mandible, naso-orbito-maxillo-zygomatic complex and tongue were raised. The soft tissues were dissected to show the arterial anastomotic connections and thereafter removed. Radiograms and CT scans were performed.
Results-Constant anastomosis between the facial, inferior alveolar and infraorbital arteries at the mental and infraorbital foramina were found.
Facial artery vascularized the homolateral mandibular symphysis, body and ramus. The condylar and coronoid processes were vascularized in 67% of the allografts. The homolateral maxilla was contrasted in all allografts with the exception of the alveolar and palatine processes which contained the contrast in 83% of specimen. The maxillary process of the zygomatic bone was perfused in all allografts, followed by the body, frontal (83%) and temporal processes (67%). The nasal lateral wall and septum were vascularized in 83% of the allografts. The medial and lateral orbital walls and the orbital floor, were stained in all specimens. The zygomatic process of the temporal bone was the least perfused bone.
Conclusions- A composite allograft containing 90-95% of the facial bones can be based on bilateral facial arteries.Introduzione- L'arteria mascellare è riconosciuta da sempre come il principale supporto vascolare delle ossa facciali. L’evidenza clinica tuttavia sostiene un ruolo codominante dell'arteria faciale. Questo studio esplora quanto dello scheletro di un allotrapianto facciale possa essere vascolarizzato dall’arteria faciale. Metodi- Ventitre teste di cadavere sono state utilizzate in questo studio. In 12 teste l’arteria faciale, temporale superficiale e mascellare destra sono state iniettate. In una testa è stata eseguita l’angiografia dell’arteria faciale. Dieci allotrapianti di faccia contenenti la mandibola, il complesso nasoorbito-maxillo-zigomatico e la lingua sono stati allestiti. I tessuti molli sono stati dissezionati per mostrare le connessioni anastomotiche tra i diversi vasi e successivamente tutti I tessuti molli ad eccezione del periostio sono stati rimossi. Sono state eseguite radiografie standard e TAC. Risultati- Anastomosi costanti tra l’arteria faciale, l’arteria alveolare inferiore e l’arteria infraorbitaria sono state trovate a livello del forame mentale e infraorbitale. L’arteria faciale vascolarizzava il corpo, il ramo e la sinfisi mandibolare omolaterale. Il condilo e il processo coronoideo erano vascolarizzati nel 67% dei casi. La mascella omolaterale era contrastata in tutti i trapianti ad eccezione dei processi alveolari e palatini che contenevano il contrasto nell’83% dei campioni. Il processo mascellare dell'osso zigomatico era perfuso in tutti gli allotrapianti, seguito dal corpo, il processo frontale (83%) e il processo temporale (67%). La parete nasale laterale ed il setto erano vascolarizzati nell’83% dei casi. Le pareti orbitali mediali e laterali e il pavimento dell’orbita erano vascolarizzati in tutti i trapianti. Il processo zigomatico dell'osso temporale era il meno perfuso. Conclusioni- Un allotrapianto composito facciale contenente il 90-95% delle ossa facciali può essere vascolarizzato dalle due arterie faciali.
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Fletcher, Oclla Michele. „Critical Heat Stress Evaluation of Two-Layer Clothing Ensembles and the Contributionof a Full-Face Negative Pressure Respirator“. Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4040.
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Protective clothing ensembles are worn by workers as a barrier to chemical and physical hazards, but can restrict heat loss and increase worker heat stress. The question of whether a respirator adds to heat stress or strain burden is a continuing concern among occupational health professionals. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are differences in heat stress or strain among the current Toxicological Agent Protective (TAP) ensemble and two ensemble variations used in demilitarization of chemical weapons. Four acclimatized adult males wore five ensembles in a balanced design while walking in a climatic chamber at a metabolic rate of about 170 W m-2. Heat stress (critical wet bulb globe temperature-WBGTcrit, evaporative resistance-Re,T,a, Clothing Adjustment Factor [CAF]) and heat strain (physiological strain index [PSI]) were compared against work clothes (WC) without respirator (a baseline ensemble); the current TAP apron over cloth coveralls with respirator (TAP+CA); the current TAP apron over cloth coveralls with respirator plus Tychem F® chemical barrier pants (TAP+CA+P); and Tychem F® Coveralls over cloth coveralls with respirator (VB+CA). A no-respirator comparison with the Tychem F coveralls (VB+CA-noR) was added to evaluate the contribution of a full-face negative pressure air-purifying respirator to heat stress. A progressive heat stress protocol was used to determine WBGTcrit, Re,T,a, CAF, and PSI. The results (WBGTcrit [°C-WBGT], Re,T,a [kPa m2 W-1], and PSI) were WC (35.5, 0.0112, 2.0), TAP (31.6, 0.0175, 1.8), TAP+P (27.7, 0.0240, 1.9), VB+CA (25.9, 0.0287, 1.8), and VB+CA-noR (26.2, 0.0293, 1.8). Mixed effects ANOVA was used to assess ensemble effects. Tukey's test was used to determine where significant differences occurred. WBGTcrit was the WBGT at the upper limit of thermal balance. Re,T,a increased while WBGTcrit progressively decreased going from WC to TAP+CA to TAP+CA+P to VB+CA. WBGTcrit was different between Work Clothes and TAP+CA and between WC and TAP+CA and the other ensembles. Re,T,a was different among all ensembles, except no differences in WBGTcrit and Re,T,a were observed between the presence and absence of a respirator with VB+CA. There were no differences among all ensembles for rectal temperature, heart rate, and PSI. Based on both WBGTcrit and Re,T,a, there were significant increases in heat stress going from WC to TAP+CA to TAP+CA+P to VB+CA. No differences in WBGTcrit, Re,T,a, and PSI were found for the presence or absence of a respirator, indicating no additional heat stress or strain burden. CAF is the WC WBGTcrit minus the ensemble WBGTcrit.. The recommended clothing adjustment factors (CAFs) are 0°C-WBGT for WC, 4 °C-WBGT for TAP+CA, 8 °C-WBGT for TAP+CA+P and 10 °C-WBGT for VB+CA. As vapor-barrier ensembles are sensitive to humidity, adding 2 °C-WBGT to VA+CA for a CAF of 12 °C-WBGT is recommended. This implicates the type of protective clothing ensemble worn will play a much bigger role in workplace heat stress effects and risk than the wear of a respirator.
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Benson, Brian Walter. „The risk of head and neck injuries among Canadian intercollegiate ice hockey players wearing full face shields compared to half shields“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0009/MQ34943.pdf.
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Camerati, Morrás Felipe. „Les universitaires britanniques face aux instruments d'évaluation et de financement de la recherche : les départements de géographie et d'informatique de deux universités face au Research Assessment Exercise et au full Economic Costing en Grande Bretagne“. Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0028/document.
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Cette thèse étudie les effets de deux instruments d’action publique, le Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) et le full Economic Costing (fEC), sur le mode de gestion du travail des universitaires anglais. À partir de quatre études de cas —quatre départements, repartis sur deux universités et deux disciplines, géographie et informatique—, cette thèse montre que les deux instruments étudiés ont des effets structurants sur l’organisation formelle des départements.Les deux instruments introduisent le langage financier et le calcul monétaire dans les relations des différents acteurs, imposent le développement d’outils de gestion et, plus largement, participent à la managérialisation des universités. Le RAE et le fEC, grâce au travail d’interprétation fait par les universitaires, simplifient les demandes de l’environnement vis-à-vis des départements. Ceci permet la mise en place d’outils de gestion dont l’objectif n’est pas seulement de légitimer le département vis-à-vis des évaluateurs externes, mais également de coordonner le travail des universitaires. Cependant, le RAE et le fEC ont surtout des effets indirects. Le mode d’organisation des départements n’est pas déterminé par les instruments nationaux, mais par des négociations qui dépendent de la capacité des universitaires à rapporter des ressources matérielles et symboliques à l’université. Il peut être managériale collégiale dans les départements qui obtiennent de bons résultats financiers et au RAE ou managériale hiérarchique dans ceux qui ont du mal à satisfaire les attentes de la direction de l’université. Dans les deux cas, les universitaires gardent un degré d'autonomieIn this thesis we study the effects of two policy instruments, the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) and the full Economic Costing (fEC), on the management and the work of academics on English departments. From four case studies of four departments in two universities and two disciplines —Geography and Informatics—, this thesis shows that the two instruments studied have a structural effect on the formal organization of departments. Both instruments introduce financial language and monetary calculation in the relations of actors, they require the development of management tools and more broadly, they are involved in the managerialisation of universities. The RAE and the fEC, through the work of interpretation by the academics, simplify the demands of the environment vis-à-vis the departments. This allows the implementation of management tools whose objective are not only to legitimize the department vis-à-vis the external evaluators, but also to coordinate the work of academics. However, the RAE and the fEC have effects mainly in an indirect way. Instruments are not only interpreted at the departmental level, but they are also operationalized through management tools that open new spaces of academic freedom. The department organization is not determined by national instruments, but by negotiations that depend on the ability of academics to bring material and symbolic resources to the university. It can be collegial-managerial in departments that get good funding and good results in the RAE or hierarchical-managerial in those that are struggling to meet the expectations of the management of the university. In both cases, the academics retain a degree of autonomy
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Menrisky, Alexander. „Le voile du journalisme: Metaphorical and analytical inquiry into press coverage of a national French debate“. Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1338312431.
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Lenoir, Henri. „Le côté méconnu des visages émotionnels : perception des expressions faciales émotionnelles selon différents angles de vue“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=4384&f=52463.
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Les expressions faciales émotionnelles jouent un rôle important dans l'interaction sociale en facilitant la communication non verbale d'un état émotionnel. Elles sont reconnues dans la vie courante selon différents angles de vue, et pas seulement de face. Or, les différents angles de vue n'offrent pas les mêmes précisions sur les expressions. Nous avons donc mesuré les performances, vitesse de réponse et taux d'erreurs, de participants qui devaient identifier le plus rapidement possible des expressions faciales émotionnelles selon l'angle, de face, de trois-quarts ou de profil. La vue de profil a donné des temps de réponse plus lents avec des images statiques, mais pas avec des vidéos, ce qui indique que la nature dynamique des expressions, décelée sur les vidéos, peut compenser une moins bonne visibilité de profil. Les performances étaient généralement meilleures avec les angles de trois-quarts, et, ce, indépendamment du nombre d'angles utilisés dans une expérience, ce qui peut s'expliquer par le fait que les vues de trois-quarts offrent le plus d'informations sur les expressions. Un effet de positivité, c'est-à-dire le fait qu'une émotion positive comme la joie est reconnue plus rapidement qu'une émotion négative comme la colère, a été retrouvé de face et de trois-quarts droit, alors qu'un effet de négativité (effet inverse) a été retrouvé de trois-quarts gauche. Le fait que le type d'angle affecte l'effet de positivité est difficilement explicable par un biais cognitif en faveur des émotions positives, mais plutôt par une plus grande saillance des différentes émotions selon l'angle. Les effets d'angles affectant les vues de trois-quarts gauche et droit, pourraient s'expliquer par des différences hémisphériques selon la valence émotionnelle : avec un avantage des vues de droite pour la joie en lien avec une supériorité de l'hémisphère gauche, et, inversement, un avantage des vues de gauche pour la colère en lien avec une supériorité de l'hémisphère droit. Toutefois, cette asymétrie des trois-quarts disparaissait en inversant les images horizontalement. De plus, elle n'était jamais observée pour la peur. Plutôt, ces asymétries pourraient dépendre, au moins partiellement, d'une asymétrie motrice dans l'expression faciale seulement pour certaines émotions. Dans une expérience chez des personnes âgées contrôles ou souffrant de maladie d'Alzheimer, l'avantage des émotions positives n'a également été retrouvé que pour certains angles de vue, ce qui est en défaveur d'une hypothèse socio-émotionnelle de l'avantage positif lié à l'âge. Quant aux performances altérées pour la peur, parfois évoquées dans la maladie d'Alzheimer, elles n'ont ici été retrouvées que pour les vues de face, ce qui amplifie un phénomène déjà retrouvé chez les adultes âgés contrôles et les adultes jeunes. Ces effets d'angles seraient vraisemblablement liés à des effets perceptifs traduisant une difficulté à extraire les caractéristiques importantes pour reconnaître certaines émotions lors de différents angles visuels. Cette difficulté « angulaire » dépendrait du type d'émotion, et donc peut-être de la localisation des traits caractéristiques de chaque émotion, et elle augmenterait avec l'âge, dû à un déclin perceptif. Enfin, une expérience avec des visages portant un masque a montré que l'identification des expressions faciales était plus difficile lors du port d'un masque, surtout pour les personnes âgées, et surtout de profil. Au total, nos résultats suggèrent que l'utilisation d'angles de vue dans les expériences de perception des expressions faciales émotionnelles a non seulement un intérêt écologique, mais aussi théorique et méthodologiqueEmotional facial expressions play an important role in social interaction by facilitating nonverbal communication of an emotional state. They are recognized in everyday life from different viewpoints, and not just from full face views. However, different viewpoints do not offer the same information on expressions. We therefore measured the performance, response speed and error rate, of participants who had to identify emotional facial expressions as quickly as possible from different viewpoints: full face, three-quarters, or profile. Profile views gave slower response times with static images, but not with videos, indicating that the dynamic nature of the expressions seen in the videos may compensate for poorer profile visibility. Performance was generally better with three-quarter views, regardless of the number of viewpoints used in an experiment, which may be because three-quarter views provide the most information on expressions. A positivity effect, i.e. the fact that a positive emotion such as happiness is recognized more quickly than a negative emotion such as anger, was found from full face and right three-quarter views, whereas a negativity effect (opposite effect) was found from left three-quarter views. The fact that the viewpoint affects the positivity effect is difficult to explain by a cognitive bias in favour of positive emotions, but rather by a greater saliency of the different emotions depending on the viewpoint. The viewpoint effects affecting left and right three-quarter views could be explained by hemispheric differences according to emotional valence: an advantage of right views for happiness linked to a left-hemisphere superiority, and, conversely, an advantage of left views for anger linked to a right-hemisphere superiority. However, this three-quarter asymmetry disappeared by reversing the images horizontally. Moreover, it was never observed for fear. Rather, these asymmetries may depend, at least partially, on motor asymmetry in facial expression only for certain emotions. In an experiment with older controls or patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease, the advantage of positive emotions was also only found for certain viewpoints, which is against a socio-emotional hypothesis of a positive age-related advantage. As for altered performance for fear, sometimes mentioned in Alzheimer's disease, it was found here only for full face views, which amplifies a phenomenon already found in older control adults and younger adults. These viewpoint effects might be linked to perceptual effects reflecting a difficulty in extracting the important characteristics necessary to recognize certain emotions from different viewpoints. This 'angular' difficulty would depend on the type of emotion, and therefore perhaps on the location of the characteristic traits of each emotion, and it would increase with age, due to a perceptual decline. Finally, an experiment with models wearing facemasks showed that identifying facial expressions was more difficult when wearing a facemask, especially for older people, and especially in profile. Altogether, our results suggest that the use of viewpoints in emotional facial expression perception experiments is not only advantageous ecologically, but also from a theoretical and methodological standpoint
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Kadoury, Samuel. „Face detection using locally linear embedding“. Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98976.
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Human face detection in gray scale images has been researched extensively over the past decade, due to the recent emergence of applications such as security access control, visual surveillance and content-based information retrieval. However, this problem remains challenging because faces are non-rigid objects that have a high degree of variability in size, shape, color and texture. Indeed, few of the proposed face detection methods have been analyzed for performance under different conditions, such as head rotation, illumination, facial expression, occlusion and aging.Nowadays, most face detection methods are based upon statistical and learning strategies. Many of these appearance-based methods tend to increase data complexity, by mapping it onto a higher-dimensional space in order to extract the predominant features; this, however, often requires much more computational time. A novel technique that is gaining in popularity, known as Locally Linear Embedding (LLE), adopts a different approach to the problem by applying dimensionality-reduction to the data for learning and classification. Proposed by Roweis and Saul, the objective of this method is to determine a locally-linear fit, so that each data point can be represented by a linear combination of its closest neighbors.
The first objective of the current research is to apply the LLE algorithm to 2D facial images, so as to obtain their representation in a sub-space under the unfavorable conditions stated above. The low-dimensional data then will be used to train a Support Vector Machine to classify images as being face or non-face. For this research, six different databases of cropped facial images, corresponding to variations in head rotation, illumination, facial expression, occlusion and aging, were built to train and test the classifiers. The second objective is to evaluate the feasibility of using the combined efficacy of the six SVM classifiers in a two-stage face detection approach. Experimental results obtained with image databases demonstrated that the performance of the proposed method was similar to and sometimes better than other face detection methods, introducing a viable and accurate alternative to previously existing techniques.
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Lei, Min. „Airway smooth muscle orientation using en-face dissection“. Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22759.
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Airway smooth muscle (ASM) shortening is the key event leading to broncho-constriction. The degree of airway narrowing which occurs with ASM shortening is a function both of the mechanical properties of the airway wall as well as the angle of orientation of ASM. If ASM is oriented very obliquely, ASM shortening would in part be transduced to a change in airway length rather than airway narrowing. Previous reports have suggested that the angle of ASM orientation may be as high as 30$ sp circ.$ To measure ASM orientation we have developed a technique based on en-face dissection. The lungs from 4 cats and one human were fixed with 10% buffered formalin at 25 cmH$ sb2$O for 48 hrs. The airway generations 4 to 17 were dissected out from the left lower lobes. Each airway generation was individually embedded in paraffin from which 5$ mu$m thick serial sections were cut parallel to the airway long axis ("en-face") and stained with haematoxylin-phloxine-saffron. Each block yielded 3-5 sections in which the orientation of ASM nuclei relative to the airway long axis ($ theta$) was measured as an index of ASM orientation. $ theta$ was measured clockwise and counterclockwise to the short axis by using a digitizing tablet and a light microscope (X250) equipped with a drawing tube attachment. Inspection of the sections revealed extensive ASM crisscrossing without a homogeneous orientation. Between 29 and 102 nuclei were measured per generation. Although there was considerable variation within airway generations, $ theta$ clustered between $-$20$ sp circ$ and 10$ sp circ$ in all generations and did not vary significantly between generations in any of the subjects. When $ theta$ was converted to an acute angle without regard to sign($ Theta$), the mean angle was 12-13$ sp circ$ both in cat and the human lung. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Korner-Bitensky, Nicol. „A telephone interview compared to a face-to-face interview in determining health status of patients discharged home from a rehabilitation hospital“. Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39746.
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This study examined the comparability of estimates of health status elicited through a telephone interview and a face-to-face interview. Standardized measures of cognition, mood, functional performance, and community reintegration were administered, over the telephone and then again in the home, to 366 individuals up to five years after their discharge from a rehabilitation hospital. Information on illness, hospitalizations, falls, and medication use was also elicited. Half of the telephone interviews were performed by health professionals, the other half by trained lay interviewers: all of the home interviews were performed by health professionals. Proxy respondents provided information for those unable to respond for themselves. The prevalence and degree of disability reported were similar for the telephone and face-to-face interviews. The reliability coefficients indicated moderate to substantial agreement between the modes on the majority of indices and health related questions. Discord between modes, when present, was greatest for individuals with moderate and severe disability, with less frequent reporting of disability on the telephone. The results support the use of lay persons to administer a structured telephone interview and the use of proxy respondents when the patient is unable to participate. This study has shown the telephone assessment of health status to be a valuable means of determining health status of individuals in the community who are potentially at high risk for morbidity and functional decline.
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Tang, Ying. „Real-time automatic face tracking using adaptive random forests“. Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95172.
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Tracking is treated as a pixel-based binary classification problem in this thesis. An ensemble strong classifier obtained as a weighted combination of several random forests (weak classifiers), is trained on pixel feature vectors. The strong classifier is then used to classify the pixels belonging to the face or the background in the next frame. The classification margins are used to create a confidence map, whose peak indicates the new location of the face. The peak is located by Camshift which adjusts the size of the tracked face. The random forests in the ensemble are updated using AdaBoost by training new random forests to replace certain older ones to adapt to the changes between two frames. Tracking accuracy is monitored by a variable called the classification score. If the score detects a tracking anomaly, the system will stop tracking and restart by re-initializing using a Viola-Jones face detector. The tracker is tested on several sequences and proved to provide robust performance in different scenarios and illumination. The tracker can deal with complex changes of the face, a short period of occlusion, and the loss of tracking.La localisation est traitée comme étant un problème de classification binaire à base de pixels dans cette thèse. Un ensemble de fort classificateur, obtenu à l'aide d'une combinaison pesée de plusieurs forêts (faibles classificateurs) aléatoires, est entraîné sur des vecteurs figurant des pixels. Le classificateur fort est ensuite utilisé pour classifier les pixels appartenant à la face ou au fond dans la prochaine image. Les marges de classifications sont utilisées pour créer une carte de confiance dont le sommet indique où est la nouvelle face. Le sommet est localisé par Camshift qui ajuste la grandeur de la face à localiser. Les forêts aléatoires dans l'ensemble sont mises à jours avec AdaBoost en entraînant des nouvelles forêts aléatoires pour remplacer certaines vieilles forêts pour s'adapter aux changements entre deux images. La précision de localisation est surveillée par une variable appelée note de classification. Si la note détecte une anomalie, le système arrêtera la localisation et redémarrera en réinitialisant en utilisant un détecteur de face Viola-Jones. Le localisateur est testé sur plusieurs séquences et s'est prouvé d'une performance robuste dans divers scénarios et illumination. Le localisateur peut agir bien à travers plusieurs changement complexes de la face, une courte période d'occlusion et la perte de la localisation.
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Boutet, Isabelle. „An investigation into the cognitive processes that mediate face perception /“. Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38157.
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A set of empirical studies is presented that examines the relationship between face perception, the modular hypothesis of cognitive function proposed by Fodor (1983), and attention. In the first study, two different manipulations were used to examine whether faces automatically trigger holistic processing operations as measured by the composite effect. The results support a modular account of face perception.The second study introduces a novel rivalry phenomenon produced by overlapped upright tilted faces. The results indicate that this effect is dependent upon orientation with overlapped inverted faces being perceived as ambiguous in a majority of trials. The third study further examined the factors underlying this rivalry effect. It was found that contrast reversal did not influence the rivalry effect produced by overlapped upright faces and that overlapped houses did not produce rivalry. Results from both studies were taken as evidence that faces are more readily processed as Gestalts compared to other complex objects and therefore engage domain specific operations. The results also suggest that fast operations underlie perception of a face as a Gestalt. Finally, it was suggested that the rivalry effect produced by overlapped faces may illustrate informational encapsulation in face perception.
In the fourth study, faces were used to investigate the relationship between attention and modular functions. Three separate experiments showed that faces and houses compete for attention. This finding suggests that the face perception module does not have its own dedicated attentional resources but rather shares a common pool with other visual processes. Results from one experiment also suggested an advantage for faces in the allocation of attention at very short presentation times. This advantage was postulated to arise from two interacting mechanisms that is, faces capture attention over other objects and faces are more automatically encoded than other objects. Together, these studies indicate that a modular conceptualization of face processing is both appropriate and useful. They also demonstrate the utility of faces for investigating cognitive mechanisms that mediate modular functions.
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Farivar, Reza. „"I can't see your eyes well 'cause your nose is too short" : an interactivity account of holistic and configural face processing“. Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29432.
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What is meant by configural and holistic processing? The present project attempts to answer this question by formalizing configural and holistic processing as interactive processing of face parts. Four face images were created from one main face by varying the eye distance and nose length of the face to yield a 2x2 feature-complete factorial combination set of stimuli. Participants viewed each version of the face for 100 msecs, and then identified the face they saw. Their responses were subjected to multidimensional signal detection analysis to obtain estimates of different types of perceptual interactions defined by General Recognition Theory (Ashby & Townsend, 1986). It is shown here that perception of upright faces exhibits a number of interactions that are not present for inverted faces. The nature of these interactions are linked to concepts of holistic and configural face processing. A computational justification is forwarded for this interactivity account of face processing.
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Rajwade, Ajit. „Facial pose estimation and face recognition from three-dimensional data“. Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82410.
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Face recognition from 3D shape information has been proposed as a method of biometric identification in recent times. This thesis presents a 3D face recognition system capable of recognizing the identity of an individual from his/her 3D facial scan in any pose across the view-sphere, by suitably comparing it with a set of models stored in a database. The system makes use of only 3D shape information ignoring textural information completely.Firstly, the thesis proposes a generic learning strategy using support vector regression [11] to estimate the approximate pose of a 3D scan. The support vector machine (SVM) is trained on range images in several poses, belonging to a small set of individuals. This thesis also examines the relationship between size of the range image and the accuracy of the pose prediction from the scan.
Secondly, a hierarchical two-step strategy is proposed to normalize a facial scan to a nearly frontal pose before performing recognition. The first step consists of a coarse normalization making use of either the spatial relationships between salient facial features or the generic learning algorithm using the SVM. This is followed by an iterative technique to refine the alignment to the frontal pose, which is basically an improved form of the Iterated Closest Point Algorithm [17]. The latter step produces a residual error value, which can be used as a metric to gauge the similarity between two faces. Our two-step approach is experimentally shown to outdo both the individual normalization methods in terms of recognition rates, over a very wide range of facial poses. Our strategy has been tested on a large database of 3D facial scans in which the training and test images of each individual were acquired at significantly different times, unlike several existing 3D face recognition methods.
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Collin, Charles Alain. „Effects of spatial frequency overlap on face and object recognition“. Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36896.
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There has recently been much interest in how limitations in spatial frequency range affect face and object perception. This work has mainly focussed on determining which bands of frequencies are most useful for visual recognition. However, a fundamental question not yet addressed is how spatial frequency overlap (i.e., the range of spatial frequencies shared by two images) affects complex image recognition. Aside from the basic theoretical interest this question holds, it also bears on research about effects of display format (e.g., line-drawings, Mooney faces, etc.) and studies examining the nature of mnemonic representations of faces and objects. Examining the effects of spatial frequency overlap on face and object recognition is the main goal of this thesis.A second question that is examined concerns the effect of calibration of stimuli on recognition of spatially filtered images. Past studies using non-calibrated presentation methods have inadvertently introduced aberrant frequency content to their stimuli. The effect this has on recognition performance has not been examined, leading to doubts about the comparability of older and newer studies. Examining the impact of calibration on recognition is an ancillary goal of this dissertation.
Seven experiments examining the above questions are reported here. Results suggest that spatial frequency overlap had a strong effect on face recognition and a lesser effect on object recognition. Indeed, contrary to much previous research it was found that the band of frequencies occupied by a face image had little effect on recognition, but that small variations in overlap had significant effects. This suggests that the overlap factor is important in understanding various phenomena in visual recognition. Overlap effects likely contribute to the apparent superiority of certain spatial bands for different recognition tasks, and to the inferiority of line drawings in face recognition. Results concerning the mnemonic representation of faces and objects suggest that these are both encoded in a format that retains spatial frequency information, and do not support certain proposed fundamental differences in how these two stimulus classes are stored. Data on calibration generally shows non-calibration having little impact on visual recognition, suggesting moderate confidence in results of older studies.
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Travassos, Willer. „A practical face recognition system using a game with a purpose“. Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92359.
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A facial recognition system is a computer application built to automatically identify or verify the identity of a person from a digital source. The quality of the source and environment from which digital information is retrieved pose problems to a face recognition system (FRS) that lead to erroneous results. Even though there is a necessity for systems that are capable of performing facial recognition on the fly, current systems, in order to be accurate, try to completely or partially control the environment of its digital sources. In this thesis, we approach the problems that afflict these systems by using a "game with a purpose" (GWAP). In our GWAP-based approach, we create an online game that uses human vision to perform facial recognition. We use the aid of humans because we still hold the edge over FRSs at recognizing faces and their features. It is through a GWAP that we channel our superior visual skills to deal with problems that affect current FRSs.Un système de reconnaissance faciale est une application informatique créée pour identifier ou vérifier automatiquement l'identité d'une personne provenant d'une source numérique. La qualité de la source et l'environnement duquel l'information numérique est extrait posent des problèmes à un système de reconnaissance faciale (FRS) et peuvent causer la production de résultats erronés. Même s'il y a une nécessité pour les systèmes qui sont capables d'effectuer la reconnaissance des visages à la volée, les systèmes actuels, pour être précis, essayent de contrôler complètement ou partiellement l'environnement de ses sources numériques. Dans cette thèse, nous abordons les problèmes qui affligent ces systèmes en utilisant un "game with a purpose" (GWAP). Dans notre GWAP, nous créons un jeu en ligne qui utilise la vision humaine, pour effectuer la reconnaissance du visage. Nous utilisons l'aide des êtres humains, car nous tenons toujours l'avantage sur les systèmes de reconnaissance faciale à la reconnaissance des visages et ses caractéristiques. C'est par une GWAP que nous canalisons nos compétences visuelles supérieures pour faire face aux problèmes qui affectent actuellement les FRSs.
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Roy, Sylvain. „Face processing in children with fragile X syndrome : an ERP feasibility study“. Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98579.
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Faces provide important information necessary for social communication. The current study aimed to evaluate Event-Related Brain Potentials (ERPs) as a method of exploring face processing abilities in fragile X syndrome (FXS), a genetic disorder where social deficits lie at the core of the cognitive phenotype. Neural changes were investigated in three children with FXS across various conditions such as upright vs. inverted faces, intact faces vs. faces with no eyes as well as faces vs. cars. Relative to chronological age matched controls, children with FXS displayed greater N170 amplitudes and shorter latency peaks across conditions. In addition, the FXS group showed right hemispheric specialization for both face and non-face stimuli. Heightened electrophysiological responses in FXS are discussed in the context of reported hyper-sensitivity and arousal.
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Akber, Tedis. „Clarifying the role of attention on Own Gender Bias in face recognition“. Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24984.
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Extensive research in face recognition has demonstrated that we are better at remembering individuals belonging to our own social groups than those who do not. There is a tendency to remember better faces which belong to our own race (Own Race Bias, Meissner and Brigham, 2001), our own age (Own Age Bias, Anastasi & Rhodes, 2012) and even our own gender (Own Gender Bias, Herlitz & Loven, 2013). The present thesis aimed to examine possible underlying mechanisms concerning Own Gender Bias. While research on this topic is fairly limited, in general female observers compared to male observers demonstrate an advantage in face recognition. Further, this advantage is more prominent for female faces than for male faces. This tendency to better recognise same gender faces is only consistent for female observers (Herlitz & Loven, 2013). Recent studies on Own Gender Bias emphasise the role of attention; however two studies (Loven, Herlitz, & Rehnman, 2011; Palmer, Brewer, & Horry, 2013) which have directly investigated its role provide inconsistent results. The role of attention has been further highlighted by Hugenberg and colleagues (Hugenberg, Wilson, See, & Young, 2013), in their recent extension of Categorisation-Individuation Model (CIM), where they aim to apply the model to all Own Group Biases. Hugenberg and colleagues also emphasised the role of motivation, especially for Own Gender Bias, since the perceptual models might be less applicable to Own Gender Bias considering that at their core lays the amount of experience that one has with a category of faces. By drawing on the plethora of research on Own Race Bias and the recent findings from Own Gender Bias literature, the main aim of this thesis was to examine specific attentional and motivational processes which may underlie Own Gender Bias in face recognition. Studies 1a and 1b investigated the ability of same gender faces in capturing attention when they were task irrelevant. The results did not reveal any gender differences however an initial preferential allocation of attention to the male face was demonstrated (in manual reaction times as well as eye movement analysis), a finding which was interpreted in terms of male faces being perceived as more threatening. It was argued that participant gender might be more important in later stages of attention rather than in the pre-attentional stages of attention. Hence, 12 in study 2a and 2b sustained attention was examined in a go/no-go task, where the face was also task irrelevant. Based on previous findings (Bindemann, Burton, Hooge, Jenkins, & De Haan, 2005), it was assumed that faces would sustain attention compared to other objects, however this finding as well as any indication of gender differences or a possibility of same gender faces holding attention were not found. Therefore, Study 3 used eye tracking technology to examine the role of attention during encoding and recognition stages while participants performed a simple yes/no recognition task. Study 3 aimed to control for perceptual expertise by utilising androgynous faces (gender ambiguous faces) in a between groups design, where for each group, the gender social category of the androgynous faces was activated. Results suggested that female observers outperformed male performers, with no indication of Own Gender Bias being present. The eye movement analysis seemed to suggest that male and female observers differed from each other in the amount of attention that they paid to the eyebrow and the nose regions of the face. It was only the amount of attention paid to the eyebrow region which was found to result in low accuracy scores; no other pattern for the other internal features was found. Considering the absence of the Own Gender Bias, and findings that participants' sexual orientation seems to modulate the male Own Gender Bias (Steffens et al., 2013), Study 4 used a simple yes/no recognition task without manipulating the face stimuli to examine the basic effect of Own Gender Bias. Furthermore, Study 4 took a social cognitive perspective with an evolutionary viewpoint, where partner guarding and mating purposes variables were hypothesized to act as motivation. It was argued that if Own Gender Bias is subsumed by motivation (as suggested by CIM) then females who routinely inspect other females for mate guarding purposes would display a stronger female Own Gender Bias. However an opposite sex Gender Bias was expected for those who were sexually unrestricted and were always searching for new short-term partners. The results revealed no Own Gender Bias, even on groups who scored high on mate guarding and searching. It was speculated that since females' behaviour especially in relation to mate guarding and mate preferences changes throughout the menstrual cycle, it might be a variable that might need to be taken into consideration in future studies on Own Gender Bias. It was concluded that further studies are needed to establish the consistency of Own Gender Bias, furthermore the results were discussed in terms of the different theories of own group bias.
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Blanc, Marie Thérèse 1960. „Another face of justice : interpretative debates within the Canadian trial novel after 1970“. Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84478.
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This study examines Canadian works of fiction that contain historical trial narratives and that enact an adversarial trial of their own for an implied reader who acts as 'appellate judge.'' Included are four Canadian novels published after 1970 that fictionalize the circumstances leading to notorious criminal trials: Margaret Atwood's Alias Grace (1996), Lynn Crosbie's Paul's Case: The Kingston Letters (1997), and Rudy Wiebe's The Temptations of Big Bear (1973) and The Scorched-Wood People (1977). They represent commentaries on the justice or injustice done to convicted murderer Grace Marks (whose trial took place in 1843), to rebel Cree chief Big Bear and Metis leader Louis Riel (1885), and to serial rapists and killers Karla Homolka and Paul Bernardo (1993, 1995).Each work reproduces excerpts from the original trial yet also represents a response to the historical trial's unfolding. This adversarial response takes the form of a trial-like narrative (or counternarrative) that engages with the original trial. Consequently each of these works is what I call a 'trial novel' that raises fundamental questions about justice and citizenship.
Chapter One analyzes Atwood's Alias Grace and lays bare the fictional constructs included in a trial narrative. Chapter Two looks at Crosbie's Paul's Case and pits the judicial system's claim to sober neutrality against a more populist version of justice based on affect and revenge. Finally, Chapter Three, which is devoted to Wiebe's novels, studies the conflict of normative universes implicit in trials for treason and posits that rebel nomoi are as coherent as the dominant ones that quash them.
Three communities are implicit in these novels and enter into a debate with one another: at the core of each work is a historical community of persons (the accused, attorneys, the judge, jurors, and members of the Canadian public) mobilized around an actual crime. This original community and its judgment provide the inspiration for the fictional community of the novel, which grapples with its own version of the crime and trial. Finally, an imaginative community of readers deliberates upon the questions raised both by the original trial and by the 'trial novel'.
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Poupart, Ronald. „Les réactions des pays de l'axe face au pacte germano-russe de 1939 /“. Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61274.
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This thesis is concerned with the diplomatic reaction of the Axis Countries, Italy, Japan, Spain and Hungary, to the Russo-German Non-Aggression Pact of August 1939. The immediate origins of the Pact were studied in order to put into context the individual responses of the various countries, known as the Axis Powers. Each of these countries was confronted with a dramatic change in the European situation and each had to adjust its relations with Germany in accordance with its own interests and expectations for the question of war or peace in Europe.With the exception of Hungary, all were opposed to the Pact because it seemed to run contrary to their national interests and promised to upset the Balance of Power on the European, and indeed, the Asian continent. The thesis thus illustrates the special character of Hitler's diplomacy, in the last year of peace before the Second World War, which did not consider the interests of his partners when concluding his arrangements with the Soviet Union.
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Delisle, Marie-Louise. „L'impasse de la position canadienne face a la qualification juridique de l'œuvre multimedia“. Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32798.
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The multimedia industry represents a segment of the economy that has recently witnessed a tremendous growth rate. The rapid development of such an industry results in the need to develop adequate legal protection for multimedia works. Although doubt no longer exists as to the copyright protection afforded to multimedia works, their legal qualification remains controversial. The legal qualification of a work will influence the ownership of patrimonial and moral rights in regards to that work. The author surveys the main possible qualifications for multimedia works. Drawing on legislation and jurisprudence from the United States, France and Europe, the author suggests amendments to the Canadian Copyright Act. These amendments would ensure not only the protection of the audiovisual elements generated by their underlying computer programs, but would, by the same token, cover multimedia works.
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Hyams, Sarah. „Representation of the face in the somatosensory cortex and thalamus in macaque monkey“. Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33779.
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Published maps of the postcentral gyrus (SI) of macaque monkeys and other primates have been incomplete in that there has been little study on the double representation of the face. The present study was undertaken to describe trigeminal representation in SI and the thalamus in 4 Old World monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Microelectrode recording procedures were used to electrophysiologically characterize the facial areas. The somatotopic pattern of the connections of the ventroposterior nucleus with the representation of the face in SI, in particular the lower jaw, were investigated using the retrograde tracers Texas Red and Fluorescein. These tracers were injected after the facial fields within the cortex had been defined electrophysiologically. Injection in a cortical location representing the upper head area and the primary face area led to the labeling of neurons in the ventroposterior lateral nucleus (VPL) and ventroposterior medial nucleus (VPM). We conclude that there are two distinct facial areas in SI and that the upper head area is closely associated with the area subserved by the upper cervical dermatomes at the thalamic level. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Walker, Glenn. „The changing face of the Kawarthas: land use and environment in nineteenth century Ontario“. Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119407.
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This dissertation examines how changes in material culture and patterns of land use recreated the landscape of Fenelon and Verulam Townships, Ontario, between 1820 and 1900. Immigrants brought new visions of the landscape, productive techniques and forms of recreation. Though they had a clear understanding of the landscape they wanted to fashion, it was largely based on experience in Britain. As settlers and Ojibwas transformed the Kawarthas, they had to adapt this foreign culture to the conditions they found. This study explores processes of planning, surveying and distributing land; the establishment and operation of farms; manufacture of timber, lumber and other forest produce; the construction of canals and railways; hunting, trapping, fishing, recreation and tourism. A generation or two after resettlement began, the nascent communities finally created an agricultural landscape, prosperous villages, large-scale forest production, improved transportation networks and infrastructure for leisure. The emerging economies, cultures, societies and ecological relationships represented ways of life that had evolved to suit the Kawartha Lakes region.Comment les changements de la culture matérielle et des modèles d'utilisation des sols ont restructuré le paysage des cantons de Fenelon et de Verulam en Ontario, entre 1820 et 1900. C'est le sujet de la présente thèse. Les immigrants ont insufflé leur vision de l'aménagement des terres, des techniques de production et des types d'activités récréatives. Certes avaient-ils une idée claire du type d'aménagement qu'ils souhaitaient implanter mais leur expérience reposait essentiellement sur le contexte britannique. Ainsi, à mesure que les colons et les Ojibwas transformaient les Kawarthas, ils ont dû adapter cette culture étrangère aux conditions locales. Cette thèse examine les processus de planification, d'arpentage et de distribution des terres; l'établissement et l'exploitation de fermes; l'exploitation forestière et l'industrie connexe; la construction de canaux et de chemins de fer; la chasse, la trappe, la pêche, les loisirs et le tourisme. Une ou deux générations après le début du remembrement territorial, les collectivités naissantes ont réussi à mettre en place un aménagement des terres agricoles, des villages prospères, une production forestière à grande échelle, des réseaux de transport améliorés et une infrastructure du loisir. Les économies, cultures, sociétés et relations écologiques émergentes représentaient des modes de vie qui ont évolué en fonction du contexte de la région de Kawartha Lakes.
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Mignault, Alain 1962. „Connectionist models of the perception of facial expressions of emotion“. Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36039.
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Two connectionist models are developed that predict humans' categorization of facial expressions of emotion and their judgements of similarity between two facial expressions. For each stimulus, the models predict the subjects' judgement, the entropy of the response, and the mean response time (RT). Both models involve a connectionist component which predicts the response probabilities and a response generator which predicts the mean RT. The input to the categorization model is a preprocessed picture of a facial expression, while the hidden unit representations generated by the first model for two facial expressions constitute the input of the similarity model. The data collected on 45 subjects in a single-session experiment involving a categorization and a similarity task provided the target outputs to train both models. Two response generators are tested. The first, called the threshold model , is a linear integrator with threshold inspired from Lacouture and Marley's (1991) model. The second, called the channel model, constitutes a new approach which assumes a linear relationship between entropy of the response and mean RT. It is inspired by Lachman's (1973) interpretation of Shannon's (1948) entropy equation. The categorization model explains 50% of the variance of mean RT for the training set. It yields an almost perfect categorization of the pure emotional stimuli of the training set and is about 70% correct on the generalization set. A two-dimensional representation of emotions in the hidden unit space reproduces most of the properties of emotional spaces found by multidimensional scaling in this study as well as in other studies (e.g., Alvarado, 1996). The similarity model explains 53% of the variance of mean similarity judgements; it provides a good account of subjects' mean RT; and it even predicts an interesting bow effect that was found in subjects' data.
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Künig, Damian. „Les institutions de l'éthique discursive face au droit dans la régulation des nouvelles technologies médicales /“. Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30309.
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Discourse ethics relates to an argumentative discussion about our moral norms and their foundations. The purpose of my research is to describe and evaluate the functioning of several institutions of discourse ethics as sources of normativity for the regulation of new medical technologies and to propose some possible interactions between law and these institutions.The institutions of discourse ethics I will look at are: national commissions of experts, national ethics committees, technology assessment committees and consensus conferences. Used in these institutions, argumentative discussion has the capacity to influence the meaning we give to our moral norms as well as the context and the conditions for their application. These discussions generate a special kind of normativity, which ought to be recognised by our legal system. Law itself would benefit from an interaction with such normativity.
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Frias, Gisela. „The changing face of community based environmental decision-making in Huitzilac, state of Morelos, Mexico /“. Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84993.
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Awareness of environmental degradation has stimulated inquiry into the relationship between humans and the environment, increased the demand for ecological conservation, and contributed to the idea of "sustainable development". Community based decision-making has emerged as a crucial focus in environmental management and sustainable development research. This dissertation examines community based environmental decision-making in an area where traditional institutions for communal land holding are facing pressures of modernisation. The dissertation examines the potential, limitations and challenges these institutions face, from a community based perspective, if they are to function as effective vehicles for local environmental management and sustainable development. Drawing on the United Nations ideas of North-South partnerships for development, and on the recognition that access to information is critical in environmental decision-making; the dissertation also explores academic-community partnerships as a means of enhancing community based environmental decision-making. The research uses a case study approach with qualitative and participatory methodologies to explore traditional and emerging decision-making bodies in a rural, resource-based, community. The study draws on conceptual insights from the fields of conservation, development, environmental decision-making, natural resource management, land tenure and commons property research, and from popular education and participatory research.Through examining the comunidad of Huitzilac in the state of Morelos, Mexico, this study identifies the importance of the shared history of struggle for land as a factor facilitating collective action in comunidades. The internal organization of comunidades however, is found to present limitations for facilitating community based and sustainable decision-making. Notably, the membership of comunidades is not representative of diverse community based actors and interests, and the mandate of these communal land-holding institutions does not address environmental protection or sustainability. Factors external to community based decision-making structures such as the increased accessibility to markets, perceived changes in conditions for agriculture and governmental conservation policy are found to have repercussions on community based environmental decision-making. Internal and external factors are combined with one another in intricate ways resulting in the weakening of traditional institutions and resulting in environmental degradation and social turmoil.
Academic-community partnerships, studied through the creation and analysis of ACCES, Academic and Community Cooperation for Environmental Sustainability, were found to contribute to community based environmental decision-making by creating conditions for community organizing and action for groups marginalized from the traditional communal decision-making mechanisms. Through a process that integrates popular education and academic research, characterized by flexibility, the promotion of information and awareness, and the promotion of values such as trust and cooperation, academic-community partnerships can facilitate community based organizing for environmental decision-making and action.
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Robins, Madison. „'And I will surely hide my face:' Pseudo-writing in LXX Esther and Second Maccabees“. Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95040.
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The Septuagint, a collection of Greek-Jewish literature initially composed of faithful translations of the Hebrew Pentateuch and later expanded to include Greek translations of the entire biblical corpus, plus apocrypha,' contains two books whose derivative character is explicitly acknowledged: LXX Esther (F:11) and Second Maccabees (2:19-32). In this thesis, I will be applying methodologies borrowed from Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) to these texts with the assumption that they represent pseudo-translations,' compositions which claim to be direct translations from a source text, but which incorporate original material under disguise. By describing the product, exploring the process, and situating the position of these texts within their target-culture, that of Greek-speaking Egyptian Jews, the models which influenced their composition and the success of their repertoire in shaping Hellenistic Jewish cultural experience and production can be assessed. I argue that LXX Esther and Second Maccabees demonstrate a historical understanding of violence and persecution where God's wrath against his people is turned to mercy by proper behaviour, devout prayer, and willingness to die on the part of exemplary Jewish heroes and heroines. This narrative structure, imposed upon existing treatments of the historical events in question by the adaptors of LXX Esther and Second Maccabees, influenced the understanding and recording of violent experiences by Jews in the Graeco-Roman period.La Septante, un canon de la littérature greco-juive d'abord composé des traductions fidèles du Pentateuque hébreu, et plus tard élargi pour inclure la traduction grecque de l'ensemble du 'corpus' biblique, plus 'apocryphe,' contient deux livres dont le caractère notoire dérivé est explicit: LXX Esther ( F:11) et le deuxième livre des Machabées (2:19-32). Dans cette thèse, et pour ces textes, je me servirai de méthodologie empruntée des Études Descriptives de la Traduction (EDT) avec l'hypothèse que ces textes représentent des 'pseudo-traductions' (des compositions qui prétendent être des traductions directes à partir d'un 'texte source'), mais qui incorporent des documents originaux en vertu de 'déguisements.' En décrivant le produit, en explorant le processus, et en situant la position de ces textes au sein de leur culture-cible, c'est a dire celle des Juifs égyptiens qui parlent le Grecque, les modèles qui ont influencé leurs compositions et le succès de leurs répertoires dans l'élaboration de l'expérience et la production culturelle juive hellénistique peut être évaluée. Je soutiens que LXX Esther et le deuxième livre des Machabées demontrent une compréhension historique de la violence et de la persécution, où la colère de Dieu contre son peuple est transformé en miséricorde par un comportement approprié, la prière dévote, et la volonté de mourir a l'exemplarité des héros et héroïnes juifs. Cette structure narrative, imposée aux traitements existants des événements historiques en question par les adaptateurs de LXX Esther et le deuxième livre des Machabées, a influencé la compréhension et l'enregistrement des expériences de violences qu'ont subit les Juifs dans la période gréco-romaine.
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Williams, Louise. „Lateral biases of attention and perception during face processing : what is the impact of ageing?“ Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24917.
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Although faces are processed bilaterally it is widely accepted that the right hemisphere (RH) dominates for processing attributes such as gender and identity and the left hemisphere (LH) dominates for processing lip-reading. The processing of emotional expressions is somewhat more equivocal, but depending on the emotion being expressed is dominated by either the RH or LH. This hemispheric laterality results in perceptual judgements being biased to the contralateral side when facial decisions are made, and for eye movements to be biased to the contralateral side of the face too. In older adulthood, however, lateralized hemispheric dominance is predicted to reduce as additional recruitment of the non-dominant hemisphere is also required to maintain performance, and this may impact on a reduction in lateralization of perception and eye movements. Consequently, it would be anticipated that in older adulthood a reduction in hemispheric lateralization would impact on the lateralization of perceptual judgements and eye movements during face processing tasks. To test this, a series of experiments were devised to investigate differences in the perceptual and eye movement lateralization of younger and older adults when facial decisions are made. Four studies are reported; studies one and two investigated the RH dominant face processing tasks of gender and identity, study three investigated the LH dominant task of lip-reading and study four investigated emotion processing which, depending on the emotion expressed, is dominated by either the LH or RH. Studies three and four also used the Landmark task to assess whether lateral response biases are face specific. The results of these studies provide empirical evidence quantifying the impact of ageing on lateralized judgements and eye movements using tasks associated with predominantly unilateral processing in younger adulthood. Differences according to age are discussed in relation to cortical changes and the predictions of theories of ageing.
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Sergerie, Karine. „A face to remember : an fMRI study of the effects of emotional expression on recognition memory“. Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82422.
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Emotion can exert a modulatory role on declarative memory. Several studies have shown that emotional stimuli (e.g., words, pictures) are better remembered than neutral ones. Although facial expressions are powerful emotional stimuli and have been shown to influence perception and attention processes, little is known about their effect on memory. We conducted an event-related fMRI study in 18 healthy individuals (9 men) to investigate the effects of expression on recognition memory for faces. During the encoding phase, participants viewed 84 faces of different individuals, depicting happy, fearful or neutral expressions. Subjects were asked to perform a gender discrimination task and remember the faces for later. In the recognition part subjects performed an old/new decision task on 168 faces (84 new). Both runs were scanned. Our findings highlight the importance of the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex on the formation and retrieval of memories with emotional content.
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Guénette, Styven. „Finite element simulation of debonding of face/core interface in a circular sandwich plate under impact“. Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103606.
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The thesis addresses the issue of possible debonding of faces of a sandwich plate under hail-like impact conditions. The interface stresses are considered responsible for the debonding, and to design against this possibility, it is necessary to determine them correctly. The problem is addressed by constructing a FE program to accomplish the following tasks. (i) To analyse a circular sandwich plate as a three dimensional axisymmetric structure, supported at periphery and subjected to a central static load equivalent to the dynamic impact load. Since no plate theories are used, through-the-thickness stresses, from top to bottom, are determined accurately. (ii) To determine the interface stresses uniquely and correctly, an axisymmetric bimaterial interface element was developed and incorporated in the constructed FE program. The standard FE programs do not determine these stresses unambiguously. (iii) To determine the extent of debonding, the program uses an interface shear stress failure criterion. The possibility of interface separation and the impossibility of their inter-penetration are accounted for by means of a gap element. Based on this failure criterion, the program determines, for a given load, the debonding radius by means of iterative analyses. The equivalent static load used in the analysis is determined by an energy balance equation taking into account the mass, velocity, modulus, and radius of the spherical impactor, as well as the properties of the sandwich plate. The results are expected to be of general usefulness in the design of aircraft structures against hail impact damage.Ce mémoire étudie la problématique du décollement des interfaces d'une plaque sandwich sous des conditions d'impacte par grêlons. Les contraintes aux interfaces sont considérées responsables du décollement et pour pouvoir concevoir contre cette possibilité, il est nécessaire de les déterminer correctement. Le problème est approché en construisant un programme d'analyse des éléments finis pour accomplir les tâches suivantes. (i) Le programme analyse une plaque sandwich circulaire en tant que structure tridimensionnel axisymétrique supportée à sa périphérie et soumise à une charge statique équivalente à la charge dynamique d'impacte. Aucune théorie des plaques n'est utilisée, et donc les contraintes peuvent être déterminées précisément à différantes hauteurs d'une section de la plaque. (ii) Afin de déterminer les contraintes aux interfaces uniquement et correctement, un élément axisymétrique bimatériel a été développé et incorporé dans la construction du programme d'éléments finis. Les logiciels standards d'analyse par éléments finis ne peuvent déterminer ces contraintes sans ambiguïté. (iii) Pour déterminer l'étendue du décollement, le programme utilise un critère de rupture basé sur une contrainte de cisaillement maximale permissible aux interfaces. La possibilité de séparation des interfaces et l'impossibilité de leur interpénétration sont considérées par l'entremise d'éléments "espace". Basé sur ce critère de rupture, le programme détermine, pour une charge donnée, le rayon du décollement au moyen d'analyses itératives. La charge statique équivalente utilisée durant l'analyse est determinée selon une équation de conservation de l'énergie tenant compte de la masse, la vélocité, le module d'élasticité et le rayon de l'impacteur sphérique, ainsi que les propriétés de la plaque sandwich. Les résultats sont espérés d'être utile dans la conception de structures d'avion contre les impactes par grêlons.
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Bloom, Elana. „Recognition, expression, and understanding facial expressions of emotion in adolescents with nonverbal and general learning disabilities“. Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100323.
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Students with learning disabilities (LD) have been found to exhibit social difficulties compared to those without LD (Wong, 2004). Recognition, expression, and understanding of facial expressions of emotions have been shown to be important for social functioning (Custrini & Feldman, 1989; Philippot & Feldman, 1990). LD subtypes have been studied (Rourke, 1999) and children with nonverbal learning disabilities (NVLD) have been observed to be worse at recognizing facial expressions compared to children with verbal learning disabilities (VLD), no learning disability (NLD; Dimitrovsky, Spector, Levy-Shiff, & Vakil, 1998; Dimitrovsky, Spector, & Levy-Shiff, 2000), and those with psychiatric difficulties without LD controls (Petti, Voelker, Shore, & Hyman-Abello, 2003). However, little has been done in this area with adolescents with NVLD. Recognition, expression and understanding facial expressions of emotion, as well as general social functioning have yet to be studied simultaneously among adolescents with NVLD, NLD, and general learning disabilities (GLD). The purpose of this study was to examine abilities of adolescents with NVLD, GLD, and without LD to recognize, express, and understand facial expressions of emotion, in addition to their general social functioning.Adolescents aged 12 to 15 were screened for LD and NLD using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children---Third Edition (WISC-III; Weschler, 1991) and the Wide Range Achievement Test---Third Edition (WRAT3; Wilkinson, 1993) and subtyped into NVLD and GLD groups based on the WRAT3. The NVLD ( n = 23), matched NLD (n = 23), and a comparable GLD (n = 23) group completed attention, mood, and neuropsychological measures. The adolescent's ability to recognize (Pictures of Facial Affect; Ekman & Friesen, 1976), express, and understand facial expressions of emotion, and their general social functioning was assessed. Results indicated that the GLD group was significantly less accurate at recognizing and understanding facial expressions of emotion compared to the NVLD and NLD groups, who did not differ from each other. No differences emerged between the NVLD, NLD, and GLD groups on the expression or social functioning tasks. The neuropsychological measures did not account for a significant portion of the variance on the emotion tasks. Implications regarding severity of LD are discussed.
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Korner-Bitensky, Nicol. „A study of the visual recognition of mother's face from a photograph in the first hour of life /“. Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65965.
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Zangenehpour, Shahin. „Bilateral distribution of face- and object-selective neurones in the adult vervet monkey inferotemporal cortex : a molecular mapping study“. Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84859.
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A series of studies is described here which explore the functional organisation of face- and object-processing neurones in the adult vervet monkey brain. This fundamental issue in high-level vision is addressed by the use of a novel molecular mapping technique that was developed for this purpose.In the first study, the temporal dynamics of c-fos and zif268 expression were delineated in detail in the rat visual cortex. Knowing the precise temporal parameters of up-regulation (after onset of sensory stimulation) and down-regulation (after offset of sensory stimulation) of these genes was integral to optimising the temporal aspects of the stimuli to be used for subsequent mapping experiments. This study provided the critical information for devising stimuli with corresponding temporal parameters to those of c-fos or zif268 so that one could take advantage of the disparity between the expression of their mRNA and protein products in order to visualise activated neurones.
In the second study, the newly developed molecular mapping technique was validated in the rat auditory, visual and multisensory systems. First, bimodal audiovisual stimuli were designed using the data obtained from the first study. Then, through the combined histological detection of the mRNA and protein products of zif268, discrete populations of neurones responsive to either component of the bimodal stimulus were visualised. It was also observed that a third population of neurones was found that responded to the stimulation through both sensory modalities. The combined results from these two studies set the stage for addressing the issue of the organisation of face- and object-selective neurones of the inferior temporal cortex in the vervet monkey brain.
In the third study, the functional organisation of face- and object-selective neurones was examined using the molecular mapping technique. Based on the data gathered from the first two studies, suitable stimuli containing two distinct object classes (conspecific faces and non-face familiar objects) were designed with appropriate temporal parameters.
Finally, the last study provided an opportunity to address the issue of hemispheric asymmetry of function in the context of face processing in the non-human primate brain. Results support the notion that there may indeed be phylogenetic explanations for the hemispheric asymmetry observed in the human brain.
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Kolesnik, Paul. „Conducting gesture recognition, analysis and performance system“. Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81499.
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A number of conducting gesture analysis and performance systems have been developed over the years. However, most of the previous projects either primarily concentrated on tracking tempo and amplitude indicating gestures, or implemented individual mapping techniques for expressive gestures that varied from research to research. There is a clear need for a uniform process that could be applied toward analysis of both indicative and expressive gestures. The proposed system provides a set of tools that contain extensive functionality for identification, classification and performance with conducting gestures. Gesture recognition procedure is designed on the basis of Hidden Markov Model (HMM) process. A set of HMM tools are developed for Max/MSP software. Training and recognition procedures are applied toward both right-hand beat- and amplitude-indicative gestures, and left-hand expressive gestures. Continuous recognition of right-hand gestures is incorporated into a real-time gesture analysis and performance system in Eyesweb and Max/MSP/Jitter environments.
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Naser, Kamal. „Bolted flanged connections with full face gaskets“. Thesis, 1995. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/2633/1/MM01355.pdf.
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CHEN, HUNG-SHIAU, und 陳泓孝. „Flowfield Simulation and Analysis inside a CPAP Full Face Mask“. Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/462gf2.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
99
Because of the narrow upper respiratory tract, patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) symptom may stop breathing momentarily during sleep and frequently downgrade their life quality seriously. Previous investigations have demonstrated that Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is the most efficient alternative for OSAS treatment via delivering the compressed air stream through trachea. However, to achieve the optimal effect, a well designed full-face mask is required in conjunction with the CPAP device. Therefore, designing a well full-face mask is an essential and challenging task for the OSAS treatment and become the goal of this study. At first, a sophisticated CFD code Fluent is selected in utilizing LES scheme to simulate the flow pattern inside the mask. With the aids of flow visualization, the adverse circulation phenomenon and the CO2 distribution are identified for finding out the possible improvement strategies. Accordingly, the proposed modifications include adding the guiding plate, increasing the bending radius of intake tube, and changing the number, location, and total area of ventilating holes. As a result, the CFD calculations indicate that the redesigns of intake tube and guiding plate can eliminate the reversed circulations. Also, these new ventilating holes induce the decrease of CO2 distribution inside the mask. Overall speaking, the new designed mask is much superior to the original design by reducing 68.7% of CO2 distribution. In summary, this research successfully establishes a rigorous and effective scheme for serving as an important R&D tool to design the high-performance full face mask.
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Da-WeiCheng und 程大維. „An Analysis of Motorcyclists’ Behavioral Intentions toward Wearing Full Face Helmets“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75u4g3.
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碩士國立成功大學
交通管理科學系碩士在職專班
106
This study aims to investigate Pingtung motorcyclist whose intention toward wearing full face helmet on a motorcycle. Use the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen,1991) theorizes. That individuals’ behavioral intention is affected by their attitude, subject norm and perceived behavioral control. This article adopted a quantitative research method using questionnaires to collect data.The samples in the study contain 310 motorcyclists and 301 useful questionnaires were collected. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship among attitude, subject norm and perceived behavioral control. by using structural equation modeling(SEM).The research using SPSS and AMOS to be analysis tool. The results indicated that motorcyclist’s attitude toward the theory is positive and the subject norm is the most important factor that affects behavioral intention.
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Yokono, Jerry Jun, und Tomaso Poggio. „Boosting a Biologically Inspired Local Descriptor for Geometry-free Face and Full Multi-view 3D Object Recognition“. 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30557.
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Object recognition systems relying on local descriptors are increasingly used because of their perceived robustness with respect to occlusions and to global geometrical deformations. Descriptors of this type -- based on a set of oriented Gaussian derivative filters -- are used in our recognition system. In this paper, we explore a multi-view 3D object recognition system that does not use explicit geometrical information. The basic idea is to find discriminant features to describe an object across different views. A boosting procedure is used to select features out of a large feature pool of local features collected from the positive training examples. We describe experiments on face images with excellent recognition rate.
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Heidari, Moghadam Mahdi. „Time-dependent Analysis of Jet-grouted Tunnels in Difficult Ground Conditions“. Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23381.
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In this study, excavation of jet-grouted tunnels in ground with strong time-dependent behavior is analyzed. The constant growth of population has led to a constant increase in the price of lands and thus infrastructures. Underground alternatives are becoming more economical. Furthermore, advances in the construction technology have made it feasible to construct tunnels in difficult ground conditions. By providing a grouted arch ahead of the tunnel face, jet-grouting has proved effective for the stability and performance of tunnels in difficult conditions. Given the limited depth of jet-grouting into the face, the jet-grouted arch is loaded soon after installation, when the rigidity of the grouted material is growing significantly. The simultaneous loading and hardening of the jet-grouting makes the tunnel response depend on the excavation rate. Furthermore, in difficult tunneling conditions, the ground material is associated with highly viscous behavior. This behavior is synonymous with delayed deformation depending on the level and duration of the ground loading by the tunnel excavation. In order to show the importance of the time-dependent behaviors, the full-face and the sequential excavation method are compared using three-dimensional and two-dimensional finite element analyses. First, a three-dimensional model is constructed and its results are validated against available analytical solutions for time-independent behaviors. The hardening of the jet-grouting is then introduced into the model by embedding jet-grouting elements through the analysis. In order to account for the ground viscous behavior, an advanced viscoplastic constitutive model is adopted, numerically implemented in FORTRAN, and used in conjunction with finite element software ABAQUS. The excavation methods are compared for the well documented study case of Tartaiguille tunnel. The results indicate that the full-face method outperforms the sequential method in the studied case by installing the tunnel invert closer to the face. The two-dimensional analysis of the tunnel is conducted by using the convergence-confinement method. To this end, a new approach is introduced to use the method for tunnels in time-dependent conditions. The effect of the jet-grouting hardening and the ground viscous behavior is characterized within the new approach by deriving the ground convergence curves. The reverse dependency of these mechanisms on the tunnel advance rate leads to an optimum advance rate, at which minimum tunnel convergence develops.text
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Travassos, Willer Caxias. „A practical face recognition system using a game with a purpose“. 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:8881/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92359.
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