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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Fruit yield“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Fruit yield"
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Maeda, Kazuya, und Dong-Hyuk Ahn. „Analysis of Growth and Yield of Three Types Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) Based on Yield Components“. Horticulturae 8, Nr. 1 (29.12.2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8010033.
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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the yield of different types of cucumbers from the perspective of yield components. The yield and yield components of nine cucumber cultivars (Beit Alpha, Greenhouse, and Japanese) grown hydroponically in a greenhouse were investigated. Fruit yield fresh weight in the Beit Alpha type was higher than that of the Japanese type, and the fruit yield fresh weight was significantly correlated with fruit yield dry weight, total dry matter (TDM), fraction of fruits, and number of fruits. However, the fruit yield fresh weight was not significantly correlated with intercepted light, light use efficiency (LUE), leaf area index, light extinction coefficient, and fruit dry matter content. High fruit yield dry weight was associated with a high TDM and the fraction of fruits. Moreover, the high TDM and fraction of fruits were associated with LUE and the number of fruits, respectively.
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Wubs, A. Maaike, Yuntao Ma, Lia Hemerik und Ep Heuvelink. „Fruit Set and Yield Patterns in Six Capsicum Cultivars“. HortScience 44, Nr. 5 (August 2009): 1296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.5.1296.
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Fruit set and yield patterns were studied in detail in six pepper cultivars. Fruit set differed largely between the cultivars: cultivars with small fruits (fruit fresh weight 20 to 40 g) showed higher fruit set (≈50%) than cultivars with large fruits (fruit fresh weight 120 to 200 g; 11% to 19%). The former showed continuous fruit set (four to five fruits/plant/week), whereas the latter showed fluctuations in fruit set. Fluctuations in weekly fruit set, expressed as the ratio between standard deviation of weekly fruit set and the mean of weekly fruit set (cv), were much lower for the cultivars with small fruits (0.44 to 0.49) than for the cultivars with large fruits (1.1 to 1.6). Fluctuations in weekly fruit yield varied between 0.51 and 0.77 for cultivars with small fruits and between 1.04 and 1.45 for cultivars with large fruits. Fluctuations in fruit yield were significantly positively correlated (Pearson R = 0.87) with fluctuations in fruit set. The correlation between fruit set and fruit yield patterns was highest with a lag time of 8 weeks for the cultivars with small fruits and 9 to 10 weeks for the cultivars with large fruits. This corresponds with the expected lag time based on the average fruit growth duration. The cultivars produced the same amount of biomass, implying that source strength was more or less similar. Hence, differences in fruit set and fruit yield patterns between the cultivars were not the result of differences in source strength and must therefore be related to differences in sink strength.
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Mulyani, Prinsip Trisna, und Budi Waluyo. „Correlation Analysis Between Yield Component Traits and Yield of Watermelon Genotypes (Citrullus lanatus)“. AGROSAINSTEK: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian 4, Nr. 1 (02.06.2020): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/agrosainstek.v4i1.86.
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Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsum & Nakai] is a plant that is widely cultivated and contains important nutritional compounds such as citrulline, arginine, and glutathione. In the last few years, the consumption of vegetables and fruits in Indonesia has tended to increase but cannot be fulfilled by domestic production. Yields are influenced by the character of yield components. This research aims to study the relationship between the character of the yield components on the yield in the watermelon. The study was arranged in augmented design and planting material are 75 watermelons genotypes and 3 checks varieties. The results showed that there are some characters of yield components that correlated with yields. The characters of yield components that have positive genetic correlation and positive phenotype correlation with fruit weight are stem length, number of branches, fruit stalk length, fruit length, fruit diameter, thickness of pericarp, number of seeds per plant, and weight of seeds per plant. The yield components characters that have a negative genetic correlation with fruit weight are day to flowering. The characters of yield components that have positive genetic and phenotype correlation with seed weight per plant are fruit weight, stem length, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of seeds per plant, seed length, and seed width. The Characters of yield components that have a negative genetic correlation with seed weight are day to flowering and the first female flower emerges. The characters of yield components that correlate with the yield are used as selection markers for indirect selection.
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Ullah, MZ, L. Hassan, Sonia Binte Shahid und AK Patwary. „Variability and inter relationship studies in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)“. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 13, Nr. 1 (14.07.2016): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v13i1.28716.
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Twenty parental genotypes of tomato were planted and observed of yield and yield attributing traits to measure genetic variability, character association and path coefficient analysis. Parent TM 371 ranked first with respect to yield (4.73 kg fruit yield per plant) followed by TM 390. In terms of average fruit weight TM 390 also was better performer. Analysis of variance for each trait showed significant differences among the genotypes. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for fruits per plant, locule number per fruit and fruit yield per plant. Heritability was observed high for flowers per cluster, fruits per plant, fruit weight and fruit length. fruit per plant (52.30), followed by fruit weight (46.32).High heritability associated with high genetic advance was observed for fruits per plant (52.30) and fruit weight (46.32) and flower per cluster (33.50). Selection for such traits might be effective for the fruit yield improvement of tomato. Significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation was observed of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit diameter and locule number per fruit with fruit yield per plant indicated that selection strategies must be focus on these traits. Fruit diameter showed the highest positive direct effect (3.25) on fruit yield per plant followed by fruits per plant (1.54). Direct selection may be executed considering these traits as the main selection criteria to reduce indirect effect of the other characters during the development of high yielding tomato variety.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(1): 65-69, June 2015
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Saisupriya, Pallerla, P. Saidaiah und S. R. Pandravada. „Analysis of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Yield and Yield Related Traits in Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)“. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 13, Nr. 4 (30.04.2022): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2022.2583.
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Thirty five chilli genotypes were evaluated in a randomized block design at College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana state, India during Kharif, 2019 for seven months and at National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional station, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during Rabi 2019-20 for seven months to estimate genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and genetic advance as % of mean of seventeen yield and yield related traits. For all the traits studied, the magnitude of PCV was higher than corresponding GCV. High Phenotypic coefficient of variation and genotypic coefficient of variation estimates were recorded for plant height, plant spread, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits plant-1, fruit weight, fruit yield plant-1, fruit yield plot-1, ascorbic acid, capsaicin content and capsanthin content indicating the existence of wider genetic variability for these traits in the genotypes studied. High heritability was recorded for the traits Days to first flowering, Fruit length, Fruit diameter, No. of fruits plant-1, Fruit weight, Fruit yield plant-1, Fruit yield plot-1, Ascorbic acid, Chlorophyll content, Capsaicin content and Capsanthin content. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as % mean indicates existence of additive gene action which was observed in fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits plant-1, fruit weight, fruit yield plant-1, fruit yield plot-1, ascorbic acid, chlorophyll content, capsaicin content and capsanthin content. Hence these traits can be improved by direct selection.
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Cavero, J., R. Gil Ortega und M. Gutierrez. „Plant Density Affects Yield, Yield Components, and Color of Direct-seeded Paprika Pepper“. HortScience 36, Nr. 1 (Februar 2001): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.1.76.
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Paprika pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L., `Agridulce SIA') was direct-seeded on raised beds in double rows 0.35 cm apart. Plants were thinned within the row to establish densities ranging from 13,333 to >500,000 plants/ha. Yield of paprika pepper increased as plant density increased, but plant densities >200,000 plants/ha resulted in only small increases in yield. Fruit number and dry fruit weight/plant decreased with increasing plant populations, and weight/fruit decreased slightly. The increase in yield/ha as plant density increased was a result of increased numbers of fruits/ha. Pigment content (ASTA units) declined linearly as plant density increased, whereas moisture content of red fruits at harvest remained unaffected. Plant densities in the range of 150,000 to 200,000 plants/ha were optimal in terms of fruit yield and pigment content.
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Lahav, E., A. Korkin und G. Adar. „Thinning Stage Influences Fruit Size and Yield of Kiwifruit“. HortScience 24, Nr. 3 (Juni 1989): 438–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.3.438.
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Abstract An experiment in thinning kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Planch.) vines at the bud swell stage vs. at fruit set stage was conducted in the Western Galilee to a) determine the optimal physiological stage of thinning, b) optimize fruit weight and yield, and c) determine the relationship between fruit number per vine and alternate bearing. A negative relationship was found between the number of fruits per vine and fruit weight or alternate bearing. Vines thinned at the bud swell stage always carried larger fruits than those thinned after fruit setting. As the fruit load on the vine decreased, smaller differences were observed between the two thinning dates. Assuming that individual fruit weight should not be < 70 g, thinning at the bud swell stage allows a yield of 1700 fruits per vine, and that at the fruit-set stage only 1400 fruits per vine. Vines not sprayed with Alzodef (H2CN2, cyanamide) to break dormancy yielded less than half the number of fruits as the sprayed vines.
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Chakrabarty, S., und A. K. M. Aminul Islam. „Selection Criteria for Improving Yield in Chili (Capsicum annuum)“. Advances in Agriculture 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5437870.
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The present investigation was carried out to estimate the genetic variability and character association. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the 15 traits for 20 chili genotypes. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation were found for ten edible fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, ten dry fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, and weight of seeds per fruit. High heritability coupled with very high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for ten edible fruit weight, ten dry fruit weight, fruit length, number of fruits per plant, and fruit yield per plant. Phenotypic correlation coefficient among different traits indicated that fruit yield per plant at green stage had significant and positive association with ten edible green fruit weight, number of primary branches, harvest duration, and first fruit maturity and significant negative correlation with days to first picking. The path coefficient analysis revealed that days to first picking had the maximum positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant followed by harvest duration, ten edible fruit weight, ten dry fruit weight, hundred-seed weight, number of fruits per plant, first fruit maturity, and number of primary branches. Days to first picking had the maximum positive direct effect but significant negative effect with fruit yield per plant which indicated that the trait should be selected to expunge the undesirable indirect effect in order to make use of the direct effect. Therefore, selection should be practiced for ten edible fruit weight, ten dry fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, harvest duration, and hundred-seed weight for direct improvement of fruit yield per plant.
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Turhan, A., N. Ozmen, M. S. Serbeci und V. Seniz. „Effects of grafting on different rootstocks on tomato fruit yield and quality“. Horticultural Science 38, No. 4 (15.11.2011): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/51/2011-hortsci.
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The aim of the study was to find effects of tomato grafting on another cultivar. The tomato cultivars used as scions were Yeni Talya, Swanson and Beril. Cultivars used as rootstocks were Beaufort and Arnold. Cleft grafting methods were applied. The following characteristics of grafted and nongrafted plants were recorded: fruit index, number of fruits/truss, fruit weight, fruit yield, dry matter, pH, concentration of soluble solids, titratable acidity, total sugar and lycopene and vitamin C. The results showed that fruit yield and fruit index, number of fruits/truss and fruit weights were improved by grafting. Fruit quality, measured in terms of dry matter, concentration of soluble solids, total sugar, and vitamin C content, was lower in the fruits of grafted plants than in nongrafted ones. No significant difference in lycopene and pH content was found. Titratable acid content was improved by grafting. A positive effect of grafting was recorded when Beaufort was used as rootstock. These results showed that grafting could be an advantageous alternative in tomato production.
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NeSmith, D. S. „Plant Spacing Influences Watermelon Yield and Yield Components“. HortScience 28, Nr. 9 (September 1993): 885–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.9.885.
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Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] cultivars StarBrite and Crimson Sweet were grown during 1991 and 1992 in rows 1.5 m apart at plant spacings of 0.9, 1.5, or 2.2 m. Total fruit yield, marketable fruit yield, fruit-weight distribution, and estimated gross returns were determined for each spacing treatment. Total and marketable fruit yields were greater overall for `StarBrite' than for `Crimson Sweet'. Except for 1991 `Crimson Sweet' yields, marketable fruit yields per unit land area increased 29% to 34% as plant spacing decreased from 2.2 to 0.9 m. The yield component contributing the most to increased yields with high-density plantings was increased fruit count per unit land area. Average fruit weight responded only slightly to decreased plant spacing. Fruit-weight distribution on a relative frequency scale was stable regardless of plant spacing or production year. The potential for increasing gross returns per unit land area exists by increasing watermelon plant populations beyond the current Georgia recommendation of 2500 to 3000 plants/ha.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Fruit yield"
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Petje, Kgomoamogodi Felix. „Determination of fruit yield and fruit quality in marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra) selections“. Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08072009-130342.
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Mthembu, Gugulethu Jay. „Effects of irrigation and shading on fruit yield and quality in mango“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29373.
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Mangifera indica L. cv. Kent trees were subjected to five irrigation treatments during the 2000/2001 growing season with the aim of assessing the effects of irrigation on tree productivity and fruit quality. Two progressively reduced irrigation treatments (75 and 50% of the amount of irrigation water applied to the control), a control (100% field capacity), a regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) treatment and a farm control were compared with each other. Fruit yield, number and mean fruit weight were not significantly influenced by the different irrigation treatments. Peel colour and storage potential were improved in the reduced irrigation treatments. The RDI treatment improved the total soluble solids concentration (TSS) of fruits but increased the occurrence of split pit. Fruit firmness was not significantly influenced by the different irrigation treatments. In the second experiment, 'Kent' trees were covered with white shade netting of four mesh densities (50, 75, 100 and 125 g m-2) on a long¬term basis, while control trees remained uncovered. During the 2000/2001 growing season, light shading (50 g m-2) increased the yield and fruit numbers above that of control trees, while, heavier shading decreased the yield and fruit number below that of the control with the most dense net (125 g m-2) having the greatest affect. Peel colour, firmness and total soluble solids (TSS) at harvest were not affected by shading while the heaviest shade (125 g m-2) reduced storage potential of the fruit. Shading improved the appearance of fruits through the reduction of split pit, sunburn and wind damage. No fruit damage caused by bacterial black spot was observed in any of the shade treatments or the control.Dissertation (M Inst Agrar (Horticultural Science))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Plant Production and Soil Science
unrestricted
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Prasad, Pagadala Venkatat Vara. „The effect of heat stress on fruit-set and fruit yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)“. Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287379.
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Groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in the semi-arid tropics are commonly exposed to air and soil temperatures> 35°C. This research in controlled environments has shown that continuous exposure of plants to hot air (day/night, 38°/22°C) and/or hot soil (38°/30°C) temperatures during the reproductive .phase (from flower bud appearance until reproductive maturity) significantly reduces total dry matter production, the partitioning of dry matter to pods and seed yields. The effects of hot air and hot soil temperature were additive and without interaction. Hot air temperature had no effect on flower production but significantlyreduced the proportion of flowers setting pegs (fruit-set) and hence the number of fruits. In contrast, hot soils significantly reduced flower production, the proportion of pegs forming pods and 100 seed weight. There was no evidence that plants dependent on symbiotic N2 fixation were more susceptible to heat stress than those dependent on inorganic N. Sensitivity to short (6 d) episodes of hot air temperature (38°/22°C) was acute during the period between 6 d before until 15 d after first flowering (OAF). The magnitude of that sensitivity depended on the number of floral buds exposed to heat stress before anthesis. In the Spanish cv. ICGV 86015, daytime air temperatures ~34°C imposed for only 6 d beginning at 9 DAF, significantly reduced flower number, pollen production and viability, fruit-set and seed yield. Fruit-set was most sensitive to heat stress during the first 6 h of the daylight period (AM). Warmer nights (28° cl 22°C) had no effect on flower numbers, but significantly reduced both pollen production and viability, and hence fruit-set. There were negative quantitative relations between flower number and day temperatures between 28° and 48°C. In contrast, reductions in fruit-set were quantitatively related to AM temperature >37.3°C. Pollen production and viability were also linearly reduced when day temperature was >34°C. These data will help plant breeders to screen germplasm and identify heat-tolerant cultivars, and should also improve simulation models of groundnut crops in the semi-arid tropics.
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Crous, Jacobus Johannes. „Managing olive yield and fruit quality under South African conditions“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71687.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Olives have been produced commercially in the Mediterranean-type climate of the Western Cape region of South Africa since the early 1900’s. As in the rest of the world, South African table olive producers struggle with alternate bearing. Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) has been used since the 1950’s to thin table olives in California. To date, South African producers opted to tolerate rather than try to reduce the negative effects of alternate bearing. However, due to increased olive production, profit margins are decreasing and producers can no longer ignore the negative effects of alternate bearing. Since the efficacy of NAA as a thinning agent is modulated by environmental conditions and genotype, trials were conducted to evaluate the use of NAA on locally important cultivars under South African conditions. The main aim was to establish optimum application rates for ‘Barouni’, ‘Mission’ and ‘Manzanillo’. NAA decreased the fruit number per tree, thereby improving fruit quality (increased fruit size and a higher proportion black fruit in the case of ‘Mission’) in all three cultivars. Thinning did not affect the return bloom in any of the cultivars. In the case of ‘Barouni’, the lack of a return bloom response could be due to the low level of thinning achieved, while climatic conditions during flower development may be to blame for the lack of response in ‘Mission’ and ‘Manzanillo’. Although NAA application did not affect the income per hectare, profitability may increase as harvesting costs account for roughly 50% of the input costs. Based on our results, NAA at 200 mg L-1, applied 10 to 15 days after full bloom, is recommended for local conditions. This concentration is slightly higher than the application rates used in California. An even higher NAA concentration might be used when premium prices are paid for large fruit, as in the case of ‘Mission’ and ‘Manzanillo’. However, NAA at 400 mg L-1 seemed to decrease vegetative growth in ‘Mission’, which may decrease bearing positions for the next season. Earlier application should be considered for a heavy “on” crop while the concentration can be decreased or the spray time delayed to decrease thinning when an average crop is anticipated. Gibberellic acid (GA3) was applied during an “off” season to ‘Mission’ and ‘Manzanillo’ to determine when during the season floral induction is inhibited by the simulated seed produced hormone. GA3 had its greatest effect on the extent of flowering in ‘Manzanillo’ when applied at the time of endocarp sclerification in early December. It follows from this result that to prevent the negative effects of a crop load on flowering in the subsequent season, thinning has to occur before endocarp sclerification. Later application of GA3 in January and February also decreased flowering, but to a lesser extent than application in December. These later applications possibly decreased flower initiation in buds on shoots that continued growing for longer or they may also have interfered with flower differentiation. The effect of the reduced “on” crop in the 2010/2011 season in GA3-treated trees on yield in the 2011/2012 season still needs to be determined.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Olywe word sedert die vroeë 1900’s kommersieel geproduseer in die Mediterreense tipe klimaat Wes-Kaap streek van Suid Afrika. Soos in die res van die wêreld, is alternerende drag ‘n reuse struikelblok vir Suid-Afrikaanse olyfprodusente. Anders as in California waar naftaleenasynsuur (NAA) reeds vanaf die 1950’s gebruik word om tafel olywe uit te dun, het Suid-Afrikaanse produsente tot op hede die gevolge van alternerende drag verduur eerder as om die negatiewe effekte daarvan te probeer verminder. Weens ‘n afname in winsgewendheid vanweë ‘n toename in olyfproduksie kan Suid-Afrikaanse olyfprodusente egter nie meer langer die negatiewe effekte van alternerende drag ignoreer nie. Die effektiwiteit van NAA as uitdunmiddel word beïnvloed deur omgewingstoestande asook deur die plant se genetika. Gevolglik is proewe onderneem om die gebruik van NAA te evalueer op plaaslik belangrike kultivars en onder Suid-Afrikaanse kondisies. Die hoofdoel van die proewe was om optimale toediening konsentrasies van NAA vir ‘Barouni’, ‘Mission’ en ‘Manzanillo’ te bepaal. NAA het die vruglading per boom verminder en daardeur vrugkwaliteit (vruggrootte asook ‘n groter proporsie swart vrugte in die geval van ‘Mission’) in al drie kultivars verbeter. In al drie kultivars het uitdunning egter geen effek op die volgende seisoen se blom gehad nie. In die geval van ‘Barouni’ kan die swak opvolgblom moontlik toegeskryf word aan die lae vlak van uitdun terwyl klimaatstoestande tydens blomontwikkeling moontlik die oorsaak was vir die swak reaksie van ‘Mission’ en ‘Manzanillo’. Alhoewel toediening van NAA nie die bruto inkomste per hektaar verhoog het nie, kan winsgewendheid moontlik toeneem aangesien oeskoste ongeveer 50% van insetkostes uitmaak. Gebaseer op die resultate van die studie, word NAA toediening teen 200 mg L-1, 10 tot 15 dae na volblom, aanbeveel vir plaaslike toestande. Hierdie konsentrasie is effens hoër as konsentrasies wat in Kalifornië gebruik word. Selfs hoër NAA konsentrasies kan toegedien word wanneer ’n premium betaal word vir groter vrugte, soos in die geval van ‘Manzanillo’ en ‘Mission’. NAA teen 400 mg L-1 het egter vegetatiewe groei in ‘Mission’ verlaag en dit kan moontlik lei tot ‘n vermindering in draposisies in die volgende seisoen. Vroeër toediening moet oorweeg word wanneer ‘n groot “aan” oes verwag word, terwyl die NAA konsentrasie verminder of toediening uitgestel kan word ten einde uitdunning te verminder indien ‘n gemiddeld oes verwag word . Gibberelliensuur (GA3) is in die “af” seisoen toegedien op ‘Mission’ en ‘Manzanillo’ om vas te stel wanneer gedurende die seisoen saad-geproduseerde hormone blominduksie inhibeer. Die grootste effek op blominduksie van ‘Manzanillo’ is verkry met toediening tydens pitverharding gedurende vroeë Desember. Om die negatiewe effek van ‘n hoë vruglading op die volgende seisoen se blom te voorkom, moet vruguitdunning dus voor pitverharding geskied. Later toediening van GA3 in Januarie en Februarie het ook blom verminder, maar tot ‘n mindere mate as toediening in Desember. Hierdie later toedienings het moontlik blominisiasie van knoppe wat later gevorm het geïnhibeer of kon moontlik blomdifferensiasie negatief beïnvloed het. Die effek van die verlaagde “aan” jaar in die 2010/2011 seisoen in reaksie op GA3 toediening op opbrengs in die 2011/2012 seisoen moet nog bepaal word.
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Scheepers, Stephanus Jacobus. „Advancing full production and increasing yield in young 'Triumph' persimmon orchards“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4216.
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Thesis (MScAgric (Horticulture))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Persimmon production is new to South Africa with about 700 ha planted to the dioecious, parthenocarpic Triumph cultivar since 1998. Little local expertise is available to assist growers in achieving high yields of high quality fruit and previous research has shown that recipes that are followed in Israel, from where ‘Triumph’ was introduced to South Africa, do not necessarily have any beneficial effect in South Africa. ‘Triumph’ orchards in South Africa are often late in reaching full production. Persimmon trees are generally vigorous and prone to excessive fruit drop, partly due to excessive vegetative growth, especially when young and grown on the very vigorous Diospyros lotus seedling rootstock. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the use of growth retardants and various severities of girdling to increase flower formation, fruit set and yield in vigorous, young ‘Triumph’ orchards. Scoring and girdling improved fruit set and yield in two such orchards and are recommended as tools to improve yield in ‘Triumph’ in South Africa. Strapping, prohexadione-Ca (P-Ca) and paclobutrazol (PBZ) did not increase yield whereas 5 mm bark removal was too severe a treatment and decreased fruit quality in the current season and yield in the following season. None of the treatments had an effect on flower formation or decreased vegetative growth. PBZ, especially as foliar spray, appears to advance fruit maturity. P-Ca at 125 mg L-1 and 250 mg L-1 induced phytotoxicity symptoms and decreased yields in both orchards. However, further research is required before P-Ca and PBZ are completely discarded as treatments to manage vigor in ‘Triumph’ persimmon in South Africa. In contrast to the negative effect of excessive vigor on fruit production, the profitability of orchards is dependent on the rapid growth of trees after planting in order to fill the allotted canopy volume and achieve full production as quickly as possible. Hence, the second objective of this study was to determine optimum levels of irrigation and fertilizer application rates to attain early, high yields in newly planted ‘Triumph’. Fertigation was applied at three levels, viz. ½X, 1X and 2X with 1X being the commercial standard application rate. Irrigation was also applied at these levels without addition of fertilizer. In addition, fertilizer was applied at 0X, ½X and 1X at 1X irrigation level. Tree size increased with an increase in water application rate. Yield also increased linearly with an increase in water application rate due to a linear increase in fruit size. Fertigation and ½X water as well as an increase in fertilizer application rate at 1X irrigation substantially delayed fruit ripening. Hence, careful management of fertilizer and water application rate could be used to extend the harvesting period and, therefore, the marketing window of South African ‘Triumph’. We recommend that the trial be continued for a further few seasons so that the effect of water and fertilizer application rates on fruit quality and storability can be assessed. Fruit set may also be affected as trees reach their mature size with a concomitant increase in shading.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Persimmonverbouing is ‘n nuwe bedryf in Suid-Afrika met ongeveer 700 ha van die tweeslagtige, partenokarpiese Triumph cultivar wat sedert 1998 aangeplant is. Min plaaslike kundigheid is beskikbaar om produsente van raad te bedien oor hoe om te werk te gaan om hoë opbrengste van hoë kwaliteit te verkry. Vorige navorsing het getoon dat resepte wat ‘Triumph’ van Israel na Suid-Afrika gevolg het, nie noodwendig suksesvol hier toegepas kan word nie. ‘Triumph’ boorde in Suid-Afrika neig om lank te neem alvorens hul hul maksimum produksievermoë bereik. Persimmons is oor die algemeen baie groeikragtig en geneig tot hoë vrugval, deels as gevolg van hul geil groei, en veral terwyl hulle jonk is en op die uiters groeikragtige Diospyros lotus saailingonderstam geënt is. Die eerste doelwit van hierdie studie was om die invloed van groei inhibeerders en verskillende grade van strafheid van ringelering op blomvorming, vrugset en oesopbrengs in jonk, sterk-groeiende ‘Triumph’ boorde te evalueer. Insnyding en ringelering met ‘n handsaag het vrugset en oeslading in twee groeikragtige boorde verbeter en word aanbeveel as geskikte ingrepe om die oeslading van ‘Triumph’ te verhoog. Draad-ringelering, en aanwending van prohexadione-Ca (P-Ca) en paclobutrazol (PBZ) het nie die opbrengs verhoog nie terwyl die verwydering van `n 5 mm strook bas té aggresief was en die vrugkwaliteit in die seisoen van toediening en opbrengs in die daaropvolgende seisoen verlaag het. Geen van die behandelings het blomvorming geaffekteer of vegetatiewe groei verminder nie. Dit wil voorkom asof PBZ, veral as blaartoediening, vrugrypwording kan versnel. Blare het tekens van fitotoksisiteit getoon na aanwending van P-Ca teen 125 mg L-1 en 250 mg L-1. P-Ca het ook die opbrengs in beide boorde aansienlik verlaag. Verdere navorsing is egter nodig alvorens P-Ca en PBZ sondermeer verwerp word as behandelings om die groei van ‘Triumph’ te beheer. Die winsgewendheid van boorde is afhanklik daarvan dat bome aanvanklik vinnig groei ten einde die toegekende boomryvolume so spoedig moontlik te vul en sodoende so vinnig as moontlik hul vol produksievermoë bereik. Bogenoemde is natuurlik teenstrydig met die negatiewe effek van uitermatige geil vegetatiewe groei op vrugproduksie. Die tweede doelwit van hierdie studie was dus om die optimale vlakke van besproeiing en bemesting te bepaal wat die vroeë aanvang van hoë opbrengste in nuwe ‘Triumph’ boorde sal verseker. Vloeibare bemesting is in kombinasie met besproeiing teen drie vlakke toegedien nl. ½X, 1X en 2X met 1X die kommersiële standaard vlak van toediening. Besproeiing is ook teen hierdie vlakke toegedien sonder dat kunsmis bygevoeg is. Addisioneel hiertoe is bemesting ook toegedien teen ½X, 1X en 2X teen 1X besproeiing. Boomgrootte het toegeneem met `n toename in die vlak van besproeiing. `n Lineêre toename in vruggrootte met ‘n toename in die vlak van besproeiing het ‘n oorsaaklike lineêre toename in opbrengs tot gevolg gehad. Bemesting in kombinasie met besproeiing, ½X besproeiing sonder bemesting, asook `n toename in die bemestingsvlak by 1X besproeiing het vrugrypwording substansieel vertraag. Die omsigtige bestuur van bemesting- en besproeiingsvlakke kan moontlik gebruik word om die oesperiode, en dus die bemarkingsvenster, vir Suid-Afrikaanse ‘Triumph’ te verleng. Ons beveel aan dat die proef vir ‘n vêrdere aantal seisoene voortgesit word sodat die effek van bemesting- en besproeiingsvlakke op vrugkwaliteit en -houvermoë bepaal kan word. Verhoogde oorskaduwing soos wat bome van sekere behandelings hul toegekende spasie bereik en oorskry, kan ook in die toekoms ‘n invloed op vrugset uitoefen.
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Novela, Precious. „Delayed fruit harvest on yield, nutritional value and post-harvest quality of late maturing reed avocado (Persea Americana Mill)“. Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1711.
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Thesis (MSc .(Plant Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016Delayed fruit harvest (DFH) or on-tree-fruit storage is a strategy being considered to extend the harvest season of late maturing ‘Reed’ avocado. However, avocado fruit growth beyond physiological maturity is accompanied by alterations in chemical and physical properties. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the effects of delayed harvest on tree productivity, mineral nutrition and post-harvest quality of late maturing ‘Reed’ avocado and further to evaluate the fruit quality response to varying ripening temperature regimes. As treatments, fruit were harvested early, mid and late in the season, with one month apart from each harvest during 2013 and 2014 seasons. Yield and fruit size were recorded at harvest. During each harvest time, two sets of fruit samples were collected to determine the fruit nutritional content while the second set was cold stored at 5.5°C for 28 days. After storage, fruit were ripened at 16, 21 or 25°C and evaluated for post-harvest disorders, pathological diseases and fruit physico-chemical properties. Yield dropped from 42 to 12 kg/tree from early to late harvest during 2013, while treatments showed no effect during 2014. Furthermore, treatments had no effect on fruit size during both seasons. Phosphorus content decreased by 40 and 23% from early to late harvest time during 2013 and 2014 seasons, respectively. Similar decreasing patterns were observed for K, Ca and Mg content. Zinc content remained constant during 2013; however, mid-season fruit maintained higher zinc levels during 2014 season when compared to early and late harvest time. Protein content was constant for early and mid-season fruit but significantly decreased during the late harvest in both seasons. Moisture content decreased from 74.0 to 65.0% from early to late harvest during both seasons. Starch, oil and ash content were high during late harvest time in both seasons; while crude fibre was high during the mid-harvest time when compared with early and late harvest time. Internal chilling injury increased with maturity and ripening temperature. In both seasons, higher temperatures induced higher anthracnose incidences during early and mid-harvest compared with late harvest time. Similarly, vascular browning was high on fruit ripened at 16°C during early and mid-harvest time but decreased on late harvest fruit during 2013. However, low ripening temperatures induced high incidences of vascular browning during 2014 season. Stem-end rot was high on fruit ripened at 16°C than 21 and 25°C during 2014 season. xvi Physico-chemical quality parameters showed similar behaviour in both seasons. Fruit lightness increased with ripening time regardless of ripening temperature during the early harvest, but remained constant during mid and late harvest. Hue angle (h0) and Chroma (C*) values were slightly reduced during ripening. Fruit ripened at 25°C had the highest respiration rate and reached a climacteric peak earlier (day 2) than fruit ripened at 21 and 16°C (day 4). Fruit firmness and weight loss were high and rapid at 25°C followed by 21 and 16°C regardless of the harvest time. Delayed harvest had no effect on yield and fruit size. Generally, nutritional content of avocado fruit increased with fruit maturity. Furthermore, fruit maturity played a major role in the response of fruit to ripening temperature. Higher temperature enhanced fruit ripening, but was conducive for development of post-harvest diseases. Keywords: Harvesting time, nutrition, yield, fruit size, ripening temperature, post-harvest quality
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Shetty, Nischit Vasanth. „Evaluation of the cucumber germplasm collection for fruit yield and quality“. Raleigh, NC : North Carolina State University, 1999. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/etd/public/etd-0261460100450/etd.pdf.
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Theodoropoulou, Afroditi. „Improving disease control, yield and fruit quality in organic tomato production systems“. Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582166.
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This study aimed to investigate and develop integrated crop management systems in organic glasshouse tomato production. The different management strategies that were used were tomato hybrid choice, grafting onto pest and disease resistant rootstocks, different fertiliser input types applied at several N-levels, steam disinfection of the soil substrate, chitin soil amendments and Milsana foliar disease control treatments. Four different experiments investigated the effects of these factors, as well as interactions between them, on the severity of a foliar disease Powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica), a soil-borne disease Corky root rot (Pyrenochaeta lycopersici) and nematodes infestation (Meloidogyne spp.). Tomato plant growth and yield parameters were also recorded in order to distinguish how the management practices that control plant pathogens affect growth and yield. Tomatoes are an important and significant source of nutrients and secondary metabolites which give a range of health benefits since many of the tomato micro constituents show antioxidative properties and have been linked with reduced risk of various forms of cancer and heart diseases. However, there is some evidence that the quality of tomato fruit is affected by hybrid choice, fertility management practices, grafting onto resistant rootstocks and the ripening stage at harvest. Therefore, tomato samples harvested from different trusses and at different ripening stages were analysed for quality parameters namely sugars, dry matter content and total antioxidant concentration. Of the two hybrids used in this experiment, Belladona plants grew slightly faster than 984 and produced many small fruit, while 984 plants produced fewer but bigger and heavier fruit. However, Belladonna and 984 did not show significant differences in their hydrophilic antioxidant activity although 984 fruit had higher sugar and dry matter content than Belladona fruit. Grafting onto the different rootstocks had beneficial effects on plant growth and reduced nematodes and corky root rot severity, but there were no significant effects on fruit antioxidants. The rootstock He-man F1 whilst shown to be more resistant against nematodes than R-5872 F1, was merely tolerant against corky root rot infection. On the other hand, the two rootstocks used had different effects on yield parameters. Grafting onto R-5872 F1 resulted in production of a larger number of smaller fruits, whilst grafting onto He-man F1 resulted in fewer, but bigger and heavier fruit.
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Buck, Johann Sebastian. „Improvement of Cherry Tomato Fruit Yield and Quality Under a Controlled Environment“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193448.
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The effects of controlled environment strategies on the yield and quality of cherry tomato fruit production were studied between April, 2003 and September, 2004 at The University of Arizona Campus Agriculture Center; Tucson, AZ. Two cultivars of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. cerasiforme) planted at 2.2 plants m-2 were grown hydroponically in coconut coir and drip fertigated with a low EC (2.4 dS m-1), high EC (4.5 dS m-1), mid day relief of high EC (2.4 dS m-1 or 4.5 dS m-1 over a 24 h period) or night time super high EC treatment (12 dS m-1). From April to October, 2003, the effects of mid day relief of high EC on cherry tomato fruit yield and quality were determined. From February through September, 2004 the effects of super high EC treatment, horizontal air flow (HAF) fan operation and/or delayed fertigation on cherry tomato fruit cracking were studied.
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Karim, Mohammad R., Glenn C. Wright und Kathryn C. Taylor. „Effect of Foliar Boron Sprays on Yield and Fruit Quality of Citrus“. College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220555.
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Deficiency of boron (B) in citrus has serious consequences for tree health and crop production. There is evidence that B deficiency may be a problem in Arizona citrus. Certainly, many symptoms of B deficiency are apparent, especially on the Yuma Mesa. A field trial was conducted at Yuma, Arizona to examine the effect of foliar boron application on fruit yield and quality of Citrus sinensis and C. limon. Boron was applied to 5 year old Citrus sinensis cv. Hamlin and C. limon cv. Rosenberger Lisbon trees at 5 different concentrations (0 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 3000 ppm) either before flowering or after flowering. At harvest, fruit yield and quality, and boron concentrations were determined. Foliar application appeared to increase leaf boron concentration (r= 0.50, p= 0.004). Fruit set was increased in Hamlin trees receiving bloom and post bloom applications of boron at the 1000 ppm level. Boron applications had no significant effect on lemon yield in these studies. This fruit set increase in Hamlin accounted for a 35% increase in overall yield relative to control trees. However, there was no significant difference in fruit weight, fruit pH, titratable acidity, peel thickness, juice volume, or soluble solid content of the fruits among treatments. Previous studies indicate that boron influenced in vivo and in vitro pollen germination in many crops. A plausible explanation for increased fruit yield may be that the applied boron was transported to the flowers where it exerted its influence of increased fruit set through an effect on pollen viability and/or pollen tube growth. However, clearly boron supplementation must be performed judiciously to avoid fruit drop from over -application of the element.
Bücher zum Thema "Fruit yield"
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Baugher, T. A. Growth, yield and fruit quality of 'Delicious' apple strains. Morgantown: West Virginia University, 1990.
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Veltkamp, H. J. Physiological causes of yield variation in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Wageningen, the Netherlands: Agricultural University Wageningen, 1986.
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Brenda, Bortz, Hrsg. High-yield gardening: How to get more from your garden space and more from your gardening season. Emmaus, Pa: Rodale, 1986.
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Office, General Accounting. Fruits and vegetables: Enhanced federal efforts to increase consumption could yield health benefits for Americans : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2002.
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Dr, Sanjeev Kumar, Hrsg. Underutilized subtropical fruits. Lucknow, U.P., India: International Book Distributing Co., Pub. Division, 2009.
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Shukla, Sushil Kumar. Underutilized subtropical fruits. Lucknow, U.P., India: International Book Distributing Co., Pub. Division, 2009.
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Shukla, Sushil Kumar. Underutilized subtropical fruits. Lucknow, U.P., India: International Book Distributing Co., Pub. Division, 2009.
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Shukla, Sushil Kumar. Underutilized subtropical fruits. Lucknow, U.P., India: International Book Distributing Co., Pub. Division, 2009.
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College, Scottish Agricultural. Production of soft fruits in polythene tunnels. Edinburgh: SAC, 2000.
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Nuckton, Carole Frank. California tree fruits, grapes, and nuts: Location of acreage and trends in acreage, yields, and production, 1946-1983. [Davis, Calif.?]: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, 1985.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Fruit yield"
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Àlvarez-Fernàndez, Ana, Javier Abadía und Anunciación Abadía. „Iron Deficiency, Fruit Yield and Fruit Quality“. In Iron Nutrition in Plants and Rhizospheric Microorganisms, 85–101. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4743-6_4.
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du Preez, Rosemary J. „Fruit set, development and maturation.“ In Guava: botany, production and uses, 203–13. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0010.
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Abstract This chapter describes the guava fruit as well as the fruit set, growth, drop, harvesting, yield and quality (total soluble solids, total acids and ascorbic acid). Understanding the phenological cycle of guava and the effect of management practices on yield and fruit quality allows management practices to be modified to develop strategies which should lead to productivity gains for different pruning or chemical application times. As the effects of various treatments and times of application on yield and fruit quality for different cultivars and climatic zones are known, it is possible to decide on the optimum time to apply treatments knowing what the quality of the fruit will be, the time that the fruit will be harvested, expected yield and the critical times to apply management practices.
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Ye, Xujun, und Kenshi Sakai. „Fruit Yield Estimation Through Multispectral Imaging“. In Advances in Citrus Nutrition, 453–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4171-3_30.
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Bartholomew, D. P., und G. M. Sanewski. „Inflorescence and fruit development and yield.“ In The pineapple: botany, production and uses, 233–68. Wallingford: CABI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786393302.0233.
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DeJong, T. M. „Understanding the fruit sink.“ In Concepts for understanding fruit trees, 67–91. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620865.0009.
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Abstract This chapter deals with understanding the fruit sink by studying the floral development and structures; pollination, fertilization, fruit set and types; limitations of fruit growth; thinning effects on fruit growth, size and yield; spring temperature effects on fruit size; nut development and growth; and the condition of alternate bearing.
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Lopez, Gerardo, M. Hossein Behboudian, Joan Girona und Jordi Marsal. „Drought in Deciduous Fruit Trees: Implications for Yield and Fruit Quality“. In Plant Responses to Drought Stress, 441–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32653-0_17.
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Davis, Donald R. „Impact of Breeding and Yield on Fruit, Vegetable, and Grain Nutrient Content“. In Breeding for Fruit Quality, 127–50. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470959350.ch6.
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Bastianel, Marinês, Vera L. N. P. Barros, Augusto Tulmann Neto, Paulo S. Souza, Rose M. Pio und Rodrigo R. Latado. „Induction and selection of mandarin mutants with fruits containing low number of seeds.“ In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 379–85. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0039.
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Abstract The Brazilian citrus industry has a worldwide presence for production and export of sweet orange juice, but it has little contribution to the production of fruits for the fresh fruit market. One requirement of this market is the production of seedless fruits. The Fremont IAC 543 mandarin produces fruits with good commercial qualities, large numbers of seeds (10-12), and plants with resistance to Alternaria brown spot (ABS), an important disease present in several countries. The objective of this work was to induce and select mutants of Fremont IAC 543 mandarin with seedless fruits or fruits with a low number of seeds, using gamma-ray induced mutagenesis. In vivo buds were irradiated with doses of 20 and 30 Gy of gamma-rays. After irradiation and grafting of 2000 in vivo buds with each mutagenic dose, 4000 plants were produced and planted in an experimental field. During development of these plants, they were pruned several times allowing only the development of M1V4 branches or more advanced ones (without new grafting). A total of 32 branches were selected during the harvesting period because they produced seedless fruits and nine mutant clones were selected after another vegetative multiplication. Fruit and juice qualities, including seed number of the fruits, were evaluated in a further experiment including six mutants and a control. The results obtained showed that all mutants produced fruits with a lower number of seeds (between 3.7 and 9.1 seeds per fruit) in relation to the control (22.0 seeds per fruit), but without the existence of other alterations (fruit metric and chemical characteristics of the juice). All selected mutants (nine) are participating in advanced agronomic evaluation experiments, with a greater number of replicates and several local checks, in order to evaluate commercial yield, presence of chimeras, disease resistance and organoleptic quality of the fruits.
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Hung, Calvin, James Underwood, Juan Nieto und Salah Sukkarieh. „A Feature Learning Based Approach for Automated Fruit Yield Estimation“. In Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics, 485–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07488-7_33.
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DeJong, T. M. „The carbohydrate economy of fruit trees.“ In Concepts for understanding fruit trees, 27–34. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620865.0005.
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Abstract Since lack of water is a commonly occurring condition in nature, plants have developed many physiological responses to help them survive periods of water stress. Most of these responses cause changes in the carbohydrate economy of the tree through reduced photosynthesis, tree growth or cropping, but some of these effects can be managed to have minimal impact on overall tree productivity. Whether these responses influence economic production depends on: (i) the processes occurring at the time of a stress; (ii) how important these processes are to tree yield; and (iii) whether these processes rely heavily on the current level of photosynthesis or can use stored carbohydrates, like starch, to compensate for the lack of current photosynthesis in the leaves. This chapter discusses the carbohydrate economy of fruit trees. An outline is provided for how assimilates are distributed and used within a fruit or nut tree.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Fruit yield"
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STARKUS, Aurelijus, Dalia GELVONAUSKIENĖ, Birutė FRERCKS, Vidmantas BENDOKAS, Audrius SASNAUSKAS und Vidmantas STANYS. „RELATION BETWEEN APPLE-TREE YIELD SELF-REGULATION AND METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS DURING FRUIT SET“. In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.066.
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Apple has a tendency to bear huge amount of flowers or inflorescences. Plants have ability to eliminate excess number of fruitlets. Frequently fruit trees eliminate insufficient number of fruitlets to grow good quality fruits. Most processes related to yield self-regulation varies significantly between different apples varieties. Also meteorological conditions influenced flower buds differentiation and fruit growth during blooming and other development stages. The investigations were carried out in 2015 – 2016 at the Institute of Horticulture. The main aim was to evaluate yield self-regulation peculiarity in various apple varieties in different meteorological conditions. In our experiment we made fruit self – thinning evaluation of 15 different varieties. Meteorological conditions were varying. In 2015 there was lack of rainfall, while 2016 year was rainy. After each fruit-drop period the number of developed and undeveloped seeds were counted of self-sheded and normally growing fruits. Amount of developed seeds as auxins source is one of the most important factor for yield self-regulation. Varieties of apple which are blooming abundantly and eliminate high amount of fruitlets, grows fruits until maturity with stabile amount of developed seeds and produces permanent harvest annually, independently from meteorological conditions during vegetation. Such apple varieties need higher amount of developed seeds to inhibit abscission. Apple varieties tended to bloom abundantly and eliminate small amount of fruitlets depending on meteorological conditions. Demand of auxins to carry fruits depends on meteorological conditions therefore these apple-trees develop different amount of seeds, when weather conditions changes. We may presume, that different apple varieties need different amount of phytohormones or their ratio to hold fruitlets on the apple. Therefore apple trees with smaller amount of seeds in fruits grow more fruits to its normal size.
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Santos, Thiago T., und Luciano Gebler. „A methodology for detection and localization of fruits in apples orchards from aerial images“. In Congresso Brasileiro de Agroinformática. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbiagro.2021.18369.
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Computer vision methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have presented promising results on image-based fruit detection at ground-level for different crops. However, the integration of the detections found in different images, allowing accurate fruit counting and yield prediction, have received less attention. This work presents a methodology for automated fruit counting employing aerial-images. It includes algorithms based on multiple view geometry to perform fruits tracking, not just avoiding double counting but also locating the fruits in the 3-D space. Preliminary assessments show correlations above 0.8 between fruit counting and true yield for apples. The annotated dataset employed on CNN training is publicly available.
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PAULAUSKIENĖ, Aurelija, Viktoras PRANCKIETIS, Toma BARČYTĖ und Živilė TARASEVIČIENĖ. „CHANGES OF ACTINIDIA KOLOMIKTA FRUIT TEXTURE DURING STORAGE IN CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE CHAMBERS“. In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.027.
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Investigations were carried out in 2013. A. kolomikta cv. ‘Laiba’, ‘Lankė’, ‘Landė’, ‘Paukštės Šakarva’ fruits were picked at the technical maturity stage. The amount of dry matter, soluble solids and texture parameters were established in fruits after harvesting and during storage. Fruits stored for 8 weeks in controlled atmosphere chambers with different air parameters (No. 1–21 % O2, No. 2–0.5 % O2, No. 3–1 % O2, No. 4–1 % O2 and 1 % CO2). Dry matter, soluble solids and texture analysis were done biweekly. The amount of dry matter was determined by drying the samples to the constant mass at the temperature of 105 ºC. Soluble solids content was determined by the refractometric method. Fruit texture parameters were analysed by Texture analyser. The results of chemical analysis at harvest time showed that the biggest amount of dry matter and the highest value of flesh firmness were in ‘Laiba’ fruits, soluble solids in ‘Landė’ fruits. The highest value of bio-yield point was established in ‘Paukštės Šakarva’ fruits. Results of analysis showed that dry matter content as well as soluble solids content of A. kolomikta fruits increases during storage in controlled atmosphere chambers. The highest increase in soluble solids content was in chamber No. 4 and the highest increase in dry matter content was in chamber No. 2 compared with fruits at harvest time. A. kolomikta fruits texture changes during fruit ripening with bio-yield point and flesh firmness declining. The largest decrease of bio-yield point and flesh firmness of fruits occurred in two weeks of storage.
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Yu, Huaqing, Shining Song, Shaoxi Ma und Richard O. Sinnott. „Estimating Fruit Crop Yield through Deep Learning“. In the 6th IEEE/ACM International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3365109.3368766.
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Miloševic, Nebojša, Ivana Glisic, Milena Đorđevic, Sanja Radičevic und Slađana Maric. „ISPITIVANJE SORTI ŠLJIVE RANOG VREMENA SAZREVANJA PLODA NA PODRUČJU ČAČKA“. In SAVETOVANJE o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.151m.
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Although there are more than 6000 plum varieties originated from different wild species from Europe, Asia and North America, there is a constant need to develop new varieties with better characteristics, tolerant/resistant to adverse environmental factors and the most important diseases, in the first place Sharka virus. In addition, one of the most important aims of plum breeding in the world is to create varieties of early and late ripening time in order to prolong the season of fresh fruits on the market as much as possible. The aim of this study was to examine the most significant pomological and productive characteristics of two domestic (ʻBorankaʼ and ʻC ačanska ranaʼ) and three introduced (ʻOpalʼ, ʻKatinkaʼ and ʻTegeraʼ) early ripening plum varieties. The most important phenological (phenophase of flowering and fruit ripening) and morphometric characteristics (fruit and stone mass, flesh percentage ratio, fruit dimensions and sphericity), as well as tree vigour (trunk cross-sectional area) and yield (yield per tree and yield efficiency) were examined.
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Felipe Aravena Zamora, Camila Potin Téllez, Ines Zamora Lagos, Dvoralai Wulfsohn Associate Prof., ASABE Member und Marta García-Fiñana Senior Lecturer. „Performance of a procedure for fruit yield estimation“. In 2010 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 20 - June 23, 2010. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29974.
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Maheswari, Prabhakar, Mallidi Jaswanth Reddy, Vogireddi S. S. Preetam Reddy, Thoomu Sai Bhargav, Purushothamman Raja und Vinh Truong Hoang. „Yield Estimation of Guava Fruit using U-Net Architecture“. In 2022 6th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoei53556.2022.9777201.
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Shishkina, N. S., O. V. Karastoyanova und N. I. Shatalova. „APPLICATION OF IONIZING RADIATIONS FOR INCREASING THE FRUIT JUICES YIELD“. In Aktualnye voprosy industrii napitkov. Izdatelstvo i tipografiya "Kniga-memuar", 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/978-5-6041190-3-7-2018-2-192-197.
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„A Prototype of an Immature Citrus Fruit Yield Mapping System“. In 2017 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201700164.
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Herawati, Nani, Ai Rosah Aisah, Sudarto und Baiq Nurul Hidayah. „Organic Fertilizers Increase Yield of Dragon Fruit in Western Lombok, Indonesia“. In International Seminar on Promoting Local Resources for Sustainable Agriculture and Development (ISPLRSAD 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210609.049.
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Baugher, Tara A. Growth, yield and fruit quality of 'delicious' apple strains. West Virginia University Agricultural Experiment Station, Januar 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.33915/agnic.596.
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Baugher, Tara A. Growth, yield and fruit quality of 'delicious' apple strains. West Virginia University Agricultural Experiment Station, Januar 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.33915/agnic.702.
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Lee, W. S., Victor Alchanatis und Asher Levi. Innovative yield mapping system using hyperspectral and thermal imaging for precision tree crop management. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598158.bard.
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Original objectives and revisions – The original overall objective was to develop, test and validate a prototype yield mapping system for unit area to increase yield and profit for tree crops. Specific objectives were: (1) to develop a yield mapping system for a static situation, using hyperspectral and thermal imaging independently, (2) to integrate hyperspectral and thermal imaging for improved yield estimation by combining thermal images with hyperspectral images to improve fruit detection, and (3) to expand the system to a mobile platform for a stop-measure- and-go situation. There were no major revisions in the overall objective, however, several revisions were made on the specific objectives. The revised specific objectives were: (1) to develop a yield mapping system for a static situation, using color and thermal imaging independently, (2) to integrate color and thermal imaging for improved yield estimation by combining thermal images with color images to improve fruit detection, and (3) to expand the system to an autonomous mobile platform for a continuous-measure situation. Background, major conclusions, solutions and achievements -- Yield mapping is considered as an initial step for applying precision agriculture technologies. Although many yield mapping systems have been developed for agronomic crops, it remains a difficult task for mapping yield of tree crops. In this project, an autonomous immature fruit yield mapping system was developed. The system could detect and count the number of fruit at early growth stages of citrus fruit so that farmers could apply site-specific management based on the maps. There were two sub-systems, a navigation system and an imaging system. Robot Operating System (ROS) was the backbone for developing the navigation system using an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV). An inertial measurement unit (IMU), wheel encoders and a GPS were integrated using an extended Kalman filter to provide reliable and accurate localization information. A LiDAR was added to support simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms. The color camera on a Microsoft Kinect was used to detect citrus trees and a new machine vision algorithm was developed to enable autonomous navigations in the citrus grove. A multimodal imaging system, which consisted of two color cameras and a thermal camera, was carried by the vehicle for video acquisitions. A novel image registration method was developed for combining color and thermal images and matching fruit in both images which achieved pixel-level accuracy. A new Color- Thermal Combined Probability (CTCP) algorithm was created to effectively fuse information from the color and thermal images to classify potential image regions into fruit and non-fruit classes. Algorithms were also developed to integrate image registration, information fusion and fruit classification and detection into a single step for real-time processing. The imaging system achieved a precision rate of 95.5% and a recall rate of 90.4% on immature green citrus fruit detection which was a great improvement compared to previous studies. Implications – The development of the immature green fruit yield mapping system will help farmers make early decisions for planning operations and marketing so high yield and profit can be achieved.
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Cohen, Shabtai, Jim P. Syvertsen, Eliezer E. Goldschmidt und Samuel Moreshet. Modifying Solar Radiation to Increase Water Use Efficiency, Yield and Fruit Quality in Citrus. United States Department of Agriculture, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580677.bard.
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Bennett, Alan B., Arthur A. Schaffer, Ilan Levin, Marina Petreikov und Adi Doron-Faigenboim. Manipulating fruit chloroplasts as a strategy to improve fruit quality. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598148.bard.
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The Original Objectives were modified and two were eliminated to reflect the experimental results: Objective 1 - Identify additional genetic variability in SlGLK2 and IPin wild, traditional and heirloom tomato varieties Objective 2 - Determine carbon balance and horticultural characteristics of isogenic lines expressing functional and non-functional alleles of GLKsand IP Background: The goal of the research was to understand the unique aspects of chloroplasts and photosynthesis in green fruit and the consequences of increasing the chloroplast capacity of green fruit for ripe fruit sugars, yield, flavor and nutrient qualities. By focusing on the regulation of chloroplast formation and development solely in fruit, our integrated knowledge of photosynthetic structures/organs could be broadened and the results of the work could impact the design of manipulations to optimize quality outputs for the agricultural fruit with enhanced sugars, nutrients and flavors. The project was based on the hypothesis that photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic plastid metabolism in green tomato fruit is controlled at a basal level by light for minimal energy requirements but fruit-specific genes regulate further development of robust chloroplasts in this organ. Our BARD project goals were to characterize and quantitate the photosynthesis and chloroplast derived products impacted by expression of a tomato Golden 2- like 2 transcription factor (US activities) in a diverse set of 31 heirloom tomato lines and examine the role of another potential regulator, the product of the Intense Pigment gene (IP activities). Using tomato Golden 2-like 2 and Intense Pigment, which was an undefined locus that leads to enhanced chloroplast development in green fruit, we sought to determine the benefits and costs of extensive chloroplast development in fruit prior to ripening. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter, coding and intronicSlGLK2 sequences of 20 heirloom tomato lines were identified and three SlGLK2 promoter lineages were identified; two lineages also had striped fruit variants. Lines with striped fruit but no shoulders were not identified. Green fruit chlorophyll and ripe fruit soluble sugar levels were measured in 31 heirloom varieties and fruit size correlates with ripe fruit sugars but dark shoulders does not. A combination of fine mapping, recombinant generation, RNAseq expression and SNP calling all indicated that the proposed localization of a single locus IP on chr 10 was incorrect. Rather, the IP line harbored 11 separate introgressions from the S. chmielewskiparent, scattered throughout the genome. These introgressions harbored ~3% of the wild species genome and no recombinant consistently recovered the IP parental phenotype. The 11 introgressions were dissected into small combinations in segregating recombinant populations. Based on these analyses two QTL for Brix content were identified, accounting for the effect of increased Brix in the IP line. Scientific and agricultural implications: SlGLK2 sequence variation in heirloom tomato varieties has been identified and can be used to breed for differences in SlGLK2 expression and possibly in the green striped fruit phenotype. Two QTL for Brix content have been identified in the S. chmielewskiparental line and these can be used for increasing soluble solids contents in breeding programs.
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Badami, Kaswan, Budi Setiadi Daryono, Achmad Amzeri und Syaiful Khoiri. COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROTIC STUDIES ON HYBRID MELON (Cucumis melo L.) POPULATIONS FOR FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, Oktober 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2020.3.
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In different crop plants, combining ability and heterosis are used as important diagnostic tools for assessing the performance of parental genotypes and their hybrids. This research aimed to evaluate heterotic and combining ability effects in the diallel crosses of melon (Cucumis melo L.) for yield- and quality-related traits. Seven melon (C. melo L.) genotypes were grown and crossed in a complete diallel fashion to produce F1 hybrids. During the 2019 crop season, 49 melon genotypes (7 parents + 42 F1 hybrids) were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Observations were made for seven characters. Analysis of variance revealed significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences among the melon genotypes for harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit diameter and merely significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for fruit weight. Combining ability analysis revealed that mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) were significant for fruit diameter but were nonsignificant for all other traits. However, mean squares due to specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for all traits. The parental genotypes PK-165, PK-464, and PK-669 exhibited the highest and desirable GCA effects for yield and quality traits. Hence, these genotypes could be used to generate high-yielding hybrid/open-pollinated cultivars. GCA:SCA ratios further revealed that the traits of harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit weight were controlled by dominant gene action, whereas fruit diameter was managed by additive and dominant genes. The majority of the traits were controlled by nonadditive gene action, verifying that the said breeding material could be efficiently used for the production of hybrid cultivars on the basis of heterotic effects.
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Katuuramu, Dennis, Gail R. Nonnecke und Paul A. Domoto. Influence of Rootstocks and Crop Load Ratios on Gibson Golden Delicious Apple Yield and Fruit Quality. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-341.
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Katuuramu, Dennis, Gail R. Nonnecke und Paul A. Domoto. Influence of Crop Load on Tree Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Scab Resistant Apples at Harvest. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2351.
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Thuan, V. V., C. Harwood, V. D. Toan, D. D. Lan, L. Nguyen und S. Carsan. Growth and fruit yield of seedlings, cuttings and grafts from selected son tra trees in Northwest Vietnam. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp16046.pdf.
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Erner, Yair, Carol J. Lovatt und Charles W. Coggins, Jr. Leafy Influorescences: Key to Improve Fruit Set and Yield of the 'Shamouti' and 'Washington' Navel Orange Varieties. United States Department of Agriculture, Oktober 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1985.7566698.bard.
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