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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Fruit weight"
1
Shifriss, Chen, und Eli Eidelman. „An Approach to Parthenocarpy in Peppers“. HortScience 21, Nr. 6 (Dezember 1986): 1458–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.6.1458.
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Abstract Environmental parthenocarpy leading to seedless fruits is a well-known phenomenon in pepper, particularly when the crop is exposed to low temperatures before and during anthesis. The resulting fruits show large variation in fruit deformation and are of low marketable value. Genetic parthenocarpy controlling even shape may be useful for fruits for both home use and industrial processing. However, parthenocarpic pepper cultivars are an attractive goal that is still far from realization. From greenhouse pot experiments (2) carried out over 3 years with ‘California Wonder’, fruit weights of up to 150 g were obtained with a high correlation between seed number and fruit weight. Linear regression from this study demonstrated that parthenocarpic fruit of ‘California Wonder’ weigh 60–70 g, about half that of the largest-seeded fruit. Fruit of greenhouse plants weigh about half that of field-grown fruit. It is expected that the parthenocarpic fruits in the field will weigh more than 60–70 g. Moreover, in cultivars with “giant” fruits, in which the realization of large fruit weight depends on the genetic potential for weight and seed number, the parthenocarpic fruits are expected to be heavier than in the parthenocarpic Belltype cultivars.
2
Gill, AM, MIH Brooker und PHR Moore. „Seed Weights and Numbers as a Function of Fruit Size and Subgenus in Some Eucalyptus Species From South-Western Australia“. Australian Journal of Botany 40, Nr. 1 (1992): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9920103.
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The woody fruits of 21 species belonging to four different subgeneric groups in Eucalyptus held contents which consisted of 'particles' that were either fertile or sterile, i.e. 'seeds' or 'ovulodes' respectively. The biggest fruits were 9 times wider than the smallest and more than 200 times heavier. Mean numbers of particles per fruit varied from 49 to 953; mean numbers of seeds per fruit varied from 0.8 to 108. Rising trends against mean oven-dry wall weight of fruits (i.e. fruits minus contents) were found for mean numbers of particles per fruit, mean particle weight and total weight of fruit contents. Using oven-dry weights of components as an index of the energetic costs of their production, costs per particle rose as fruit weights increased. Costs per seed rose to a maximum for fruits up to a dry weight of nearly 10 g but the four largest-fruited species had a relatively low cost for seeds per unit of wall weight. Species of Monocalyptus had fewer but bigger particles than species of Symphyomyrtus. Species of Eudesmia occupied an intermediate position.
3
Mohamed Arba und Siham Farhat. „Effects of fruit thinning and some fruit and cladode components on fruit growth and fruit weight of cactus pear Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill“. International Journal of Frontiers in Science and Technology Research 3, Nr. 1 (30.07.2022): 027–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53294/ijfstr.2022.3.1.0041.
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The aim of this paper is to study the effect of fruit thinning and some fruit and cladode components on fruit growth and weight of cactus pear Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. The relationships between the fruit fresh weight and each of the parameters number of fruits per cladode, surface of cladodes and the dry weight of cladodes are studied. Experiments were carried out on an adult plantation of cactus pear in the Agadir area. Fruit thinning treatments used were: T: control without thinning, T1: thinning treatment of 6 fruits per cladode and T2: thinning treatment of 12 fruits per cladode. The size of cladodes used are: the small cladodes (C1), the medium cladodes (C2) and the large cladodes (C3). Obtained results showed that fruit thinning and the surface of cladodes and the interaction of the two factors have a significant effect (p ≤ 0.001) on fruit growth. On May 10, 2019, the highest rate of growth was obtained with the combination T1/C3 (thinning treatment T1 and large cladodes C3), with 1.6 cm for fruit length and 1 cm for fruit diameter, and the lowest rate of growth was obtained with the combination C1/T (not thinned plants and small cladodes C1) with 0.5 cm for fruit length and 0.3 cm for fruit diameter. The ratio dry weight of cladodes/ number of fruits per cladode has a significant effect (p ≤ 0.001) on the fruit fresh weight. The increase in the dry weight of cladodes and the reduction in the number of fruits per cladode leads to the production of fruits with large size. Positive linear relationships exist between the fruit fresh weight and the ratio dry weight of cladodes/ number of fruits per cladode, between the fruit fresh weight and the number of fruits per cladode, and between the fruit fresh weight and the surface of cladodes and the coefficient of determination R2 for each linear relationship is close to 1.
4
Chakrabarty, S., und A. K. M. Aminul Islam. „Selection Criteria for Improving Yield in Chili (Capsicum annuum)“. Advances in Agriculture 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5437870.
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The present investigation was carried out to estimate the genetic variability and character association. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the 15 traits for 20 chili genotypes. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation were found for ten edible fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, ten dry fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, and weight of seeds per fruit. High heritability coupled with very high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for ten edible fruit weight, ten dry fruit weight, fruit length, number of fruits per plant, and fruit yield per plant. Phenotypic correlation coefficient among different traits indicated that fruit yield per plant at green stage had significant and positive association with ten edible green fruit weight, number of primary branches, harvest duration, and first fruit maturity and significant negative correlation with days to first picking. The path coefficient analysis revealed that days to first picking had the maximum positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant followed by harvest duration, ten edible fruit weight, ten dry fruit weight, hundred-seed weight, number of fruits per plant, first fruit maturity, and number of primary branches. Days to first picking had the maximum positive direct effect but significant negative effect with fruit yield per plant which indicated that the trait should be selected to expunge the undesirable indirect effect in order to make use of the direct effect. Therefore, selection should be practiced for ten edible fruit weight, ten dry fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, harvest duration, and hundred-seed weight for direct improvement of fruit yield per plant.
5
McGarry, Roisin, Jocelyn A. Ozga und Dennis M. Reinecke. „Fruit Development in Saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.)“. HortScience 31, Nr. 4 (August 1996): 682f—682. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.682f.
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Saskatoon fruits, an emerging horticultural crop across the Canadian prairies, vary greatly in size among cultivars. In this study, we compare fruit development patterns among large, medium, and small fruited cultivars of saskatoon, and assess the role of seed number and pedicel diameter on fruit size. Fruit growth patterns of four cultivars (Thiessen, Northline, Regent, and Smoky) were determined from weekly measurements of fruit diameters and fresh and dry flower/fruit weights during two consecutive growing seasons. The developmental patterns of fruit growth determined using the above criteria were similar among cultivars and between years. At maturity, the largest fruits (fresh weight) obtained were from cv. Thiessen, followed by `Northline', `Smoky', and `Regent', in descending order. Pedicel diameters (one week prior to maturity) correlated linearly with increasing fruit diameter and fresh weight. At maturity, seed number per fruit correlated linearly with increasing fruit weight. Thiessen contained significantly more seeds per fruit (4.6) than `Northline' (3.7), `Smoky' (3.2), and `Regent' (3.2).
6
Marini, Richard P., James R. Schupp, Tara Auxt Baugher und Robert Crassweller. „Relationships between Fruit Weight and Diameter at 60 Days after Bloom and at Harvest for Three Apple Cultivars“. HortScience 54, Nr. 1 (Januar 2019): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13591-18.
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Early-season fruit diameter measurements for ‘Gala’, ‘Fuji’, and ‘Honeycrisp’ apples in three orchards for 3 years were used to develop regression models to estimate fruit weight at harvest. Fruit weight at harvest was linearly related to fruit diameter 60 days after bloom, but intercepts and slopes were not homogeneous for all nine combinations of orchards and years for any of the cultivars. When the entire data set for a cultivar was used to develop a single predictive model, the model was biased and underpredicted fruit weight for small fruit and overpredicted fruit weight for large fruit. Adding the ratio of (fruit weight/fruit diameter) at 60 days after bloom to the model with fruit diameter at 60 days after bloom produced a less-biased model with improved coefficients of determination, and predicted values were more similar to the observed values. The (fruit weight/fruit diameter) ratio was positively related to cumulative growing degree days for the 60 days before the fruit were measured and tended to be lower in years when fruits were exposed to frosts. These multiple regression models can be used to develop tables with predicted fruit weights at harvest for varying combinations of fruit diameter and (fruit weight/fruit diameter) ratio 60 days after bloom.
7
Shetty, Nischit V., und Todd C. Wehner. „Estimation of Fruit Grade Weights Based on Fruit Number and Total Fruit Weight in Cucumber“. HortScience 37, Nr. 7 (Dezember 2002): 1117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.7.1117.
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In many cases, measurement of cucumber fruit weight in small research plots involves more labor and resources than just counting the number of fruit per plot. Therefore, plant breeders are interested in an efficient method for estimating fruit weight per grade (early, marketable, and cull) based on fruit number and total fruit weight. We evaluated the cucumber germplasm collection of 810 plant introduction accessions (supplied by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Regional Plant Introduction Station at Ames, Iowa) along with seven check cultivars for yield. Correlations were calculated for all pairs of fruit number and fruit weight combinations for each grade. In general, the lowest correlations were observed between the fruit weight of each grade (early, marketable, and cull) and total fruit weight or number per plot. High correlations were observed for fruit weight and fruit number within each grade (early, marketable, and cull). An efficient method for estimating fruit weight per hectare of early, marketable, and cull grades is to count total, early, and cull fruit, then measure total fruit weight. Our results showed that the fruit weight of each grade (early, marketable, and cull) was best estimated using the fruit number of that grade (early, marketable, and cull) along with the total fruit weight and total fruit number.
8
Mkwezalamba, Idah, Chimuleke R. Y. Munthali und Edward Missanjo. „Phenotypic Variation in Fruit Morphology among Provenances ofSclerocarya birrea(A. Rich.) Hochst.“ International Journal of Forestry Research 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/735418.
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Sclerocarya birrea(A. Rich.) Hochst. is a multipurpose fruit tree which is very useful in providing food security and meeting nutritional and economic needs. This study was conducted to assess eighteen provenances ofSclerocarya birreaplanted in Mangochi, Malawi. The trial was assessed for fruit traits at fifteen years of age. There were significant (P<0.001) variations among the provenances in number of fruits, fruit weight, pulp weight, seed weight, fruit length, and diameter. Magunde provenance from Mozambique had the highest mean number of fruits, 2196 ± 200. Mangochi and Moamba provenances from Malawi and Mozambique were the most outstanding in the other parameters measured attaining the mean fruit weight of 20.89 ± 0.25 g and 25.67 ± 0.67 g, pulp weight of 25.70 ± 0.08 g and 21.55 ± 0.83 g, seed weight of 4.81 ± 0.35 g and 4.12 ± 0.18 g, fruit length of 2.61 ± 0.14 cm and 2.33 ± 0.07 cm, and fruit diameter of 2.33 ± 0.15 cm and 1.97 ± 0.08 cm, respectively. There was no significant (P>0.05) correlation between number of fruits and the other fruit traits. However, there were significant (P<0.05) and strong positive relationships between fruit weight and pulp weight (r=0.987) and fruit length and diameter (r=0.775). This suggests that fruit weight can be used indirectly for selection of pulp. Further studies should investigate fruit taste quality of products from the fruits.
9
Malek, Ma, M. Obaidul Islam, M. Mamtazul und MK Sultan. „Screening of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) germplasm against salinity“. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 37, Nr. 3 (09.10.2012): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12124.
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Out of 78 germplasm of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.), 67 germplasm (86%) survived against high salinity (13.82 ds/m) when screened at Benarpota, Satkhira, Khulna. These germplasm showed morphological variations in growth habit, leaf lobes, leaf pubescence, fruit shape, fruit ribs, fruit skin texture, flesh colour, flesh flavor, flesh texture, fruit splitting, fruit aroma, fruit size, seed coat colour, fruit skin colour at fully formed fruit and fruit skin colour at seed harvest maturity. The other qualitative characters, such as tendrils and flowering habit did not show morphological variations. Quantitative variations were observed in leaf length, leaf width, days to staminate flowering, days to pistillate flowering, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, flesh thickness, number of seeds per fruit, days to fruit harvest and 1000-seed weight. Among the germplasm, BD-2255 and BD-9159 had no splitting of fruits. Therefore, these two germplasm can be selected for this trait. The characters, such as number fruits per plant and fruit weight exhibited highest number of fruits per plant (21) and maximum fruit weight (6.25 kg). These two characters should also be considered for improvement of muskmelon. Highest CV (%) was found in number of fruits per plants (36.35) followed by fruit weight (33.86). Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(3): 465-472, September 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i3.12124
10
Mariguele, Keny Henrique, und Paulo Sérgio Lima e. Silva. „Relationship between fruit traits of custard apple trees (Annona squamosa L.)“. Revista Ceres 57, Nr. 4 (August 2010): 476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-737x2010000400006.
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The objective of this study was to estimate simple and partial coefficients of correlation, as well as to divide their effects into direct and indirect using path analysis for custard apple tree traits. Twenty half-sibling progenies were evaluated in a randomized block design with five replicates, and plots consisting of four plants. Six traits were evaluated in the first cropping season (mean number of seeds per fruit and mean weight of the pericarp, pulp, pedicel, seeds per fruit, and the whole fruit), while five traits were evaluated in the first three cropping seasons (mean fruit length and width, total number of fruits ha-1, mean fruit weight (in both types of analyses), and fruit yield in kg ha-1). The results of this work led to the conclusion that doing selection based on simple correlation estimates may not be convenient, since not always a cause and effect relationship can be verified between two traits. Positive correlations were obtained between number of seeds and seed weight, and between number of fruits and yield. The greatest direct effects were those obtained for pulp weight on fruit weight and for mean number and weight of fruits on fruit yield. The most important indirect effects were obtained for number of seeds and pericarp weight, obtained via pulp weight, on fruit weight, and for fruit length and width, obtained via mean fruit weight, on fruit yield.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Fruit weight"
1
Howpage, Daya, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture und Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences. „Pollination biology of kiwifruit : influence of honey bees, Apis mellifera L, pollen parents and pistil structure“. THESIS_FEMA_HPS_Howpage_D.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/338.
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The importance of European honey bees in improving fruit set, yield and fruit weight of kiwifruit on the central east coast of Australia was investigated. Field investigations were carried out using different bee saturations and different types of male pollen parents. These investigations confirmed the importance of honey bees in kiwifruit fruit set, yield and fruit weight. However, the results suggested that increasing bee activity alone may not increase pollination of kiwifruit by honey bees. Many factors need to be understood before introducing bees into the orchard. Bees were more effective during the early part of the flowering period, and bee activity varied according to the sex of the vine, planting design and the time of day. The type of male pollen parents also influenced fruit size and quality. Flowers pollinated by different pollen parents were assessed for pollen tube growth and histochemical changes. The resulting fruit were also examined for weight and seed numbers. Honey bees play the major role in the size and yield of kiwifruit, but the design of male vines, their age and type of male pollen may also contribute. The kiwifruit pistil also possesses important features that can be considered as adaptations to insect pollination.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
2
Cabrera, Antonio. „Genetic Analysis and Fruit weight QTL fine mapping in Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)“. The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313531104.
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3
Greenawalt, Laine M. „Comparative Analysis of Pawpaw Production Data from 2005-2012“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1466428938.
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4
Rezende, Maíra Queiroz. „Extrafloral nectary-bearing trees enhance pest control and increase fruit weight in associated coffee plants“. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/6633.
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Foi avaliado o efeito da presença de uma árvore que possui nectários extraflorais (Inga sp., Fabaceae) no controle do bicho-mineiro do cafeeiro (Leucoptera coffeella) e broca- do-café (Hypothenemus hampei) em cafeeiros sob sistemas agroflorestais. A disponibilidade de néctar em árvores de Ingá aumentou o parasitismo do bicho-mineiro e diminuiu os danos em plantas de café. Para elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos no controle das pragas do café em sistemas agroflorestais foi avaliado o efeito do néctar, como uma fonte de alimento, no fitness de inimigos naturais das pragas do café. Em laboratório, foi avaliado o efeito de um alimento rico em açúcar, semelhante ao néctar, na biologia de um tripes predador que foi encontrado dentro de frutos brocados de café e se alimentando nos nectários dos Ingás nos sistemas agroflorestais. Além disso, foi avaliado o efeito da predação do tripes na população de brocas no interior de frutos brocados. A sobrevivência do tripes aumentou com a fonte de alimento rica em açúcar. No entanto, o tempo de desenvolvimento das larvas aumentou e eles não atingiram a idade adulta, a não ser quando foram alimentados com a broca-do-café. A predação do tripes não foi suficiente para diminuir a população de brocas-do-café no interior dos frutos. O efeito do néctar extrafloral do Ingá na sobrevivência de inimigos naturais do bicho-mineiro também foi avaliado. A sobrevivência de quatro espécies de parasitoides e de uma espécie de crisopídio aumentou quando se alimentaram de néctar extrafloral. Por fim, foi realizado um experimento em campo para comparar a produção do café, os danos no cafeeiro e o parasitismo e a predação das pragas entre café em monocultivo e café consorciado com árvores de Ingá. Para avaliar o efeito da proximidade das árvores na proteção do café, a produção e o controle de pragas foram avaliados ao longo de transectos de 50 m se estendendo a partir das árvores Ingá. O peso dos frutos do café aumentou quando o café foi consorciado com árvores Ingá. Os danos causados pelo bicho-mineiro e pela broca-do-café também foram menores no café consorciado e aumentou com a distância das árvores. O parasitismo e predação das pragas do café não respondeu significativamente à presença das árvores, mas mostrou a tendência esperada. Portanto, árvores de Ingá com nectários extraflorais aumentam o controle natural de pragas e a produção em cultivos cafeeiros.
The effect of the presence of an extrafloral nectary-bearing tree (Inga sp., Fabaceae) on the control of coffee leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeella) and coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei) in agroforestry coffee systems was assessed. The availability of nectar from Inga trees increased parasitism of coffee leaf miner and decreased damage on coffee plants. To uncover mechanisms behind enhanced pest control in agroforestry systems we assessed the effect of nectar feeding on fitness of natural enemies of coffee pests. Through a laboratory experiment, we assess the effect of a sugar-rich food source resembling nectar on life-history traits of a predatory thrips that was found inside bored coffee fruits and feeding on extrafloral nectar of Inga trees during surveys in coffee agroforestry systems. Also, we assessed the effect of the thrips predation on coffee berry borer population inside the berries. The predatory thrips benefited from feeding on sugar-rich food through increased survival. However, the developmental time of larvae was increased and they did not reach adulthood unless fed on coffee berry borers. Thrips did not decrease the abundance of coffee berry borer inside the berries. The effect of nectar from Inga trees on natural enemies of coffee leaf miners was also assessed. Four parasitoid species and one green lacewing species increased their survival when feeding on extrafloral nectar. Subsequently, we performed a field experiment comparing coffee yield, coffee damage and parasitism and predation of coffee pests between coffee plots with or without Inga trees. To evaluate the effect of nectar source proximity on coffee protection, we also assessed pest control and production along transects of 50 m extending from the Inga trees. Coffee fruit weight was increased when coffee was consorted with Inga trees. Damage caused by coffee leaf miners and coffee berry borers were also lower in consorted coffee plants and increased with distance from the trees. Parasitism and predation of coffee pests did not increase significantly when coffee was associated with Inga trees, but showed the proper trends. Therefore, Inga trees bearing extrafloral nectaries enhanced natural pest control of pests and production in coffee crops.
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Hill, Mary D. „Recalled Fruit and Vegetable Intake while Growing up and its Association with Adult Fruit and Vegetable Intake among U.S. Adults - Analysis of the Food Attitudes and Behaviors Survey“. Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/169.
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ABSTRACT
MARY D. HILL
Recalled fruit and vegetable intake while growing up and its association with adult fruit and vegetable intake among U.S. adults – analysis of the food attitudes and behaviors survey
(Under the direction of DR. KYMBERLE STERLING)
High dietary intake of fruits and vegetables (FVs) is associated with a lower risk for chronic disease including certain cancers, optimal child growth, and weight management. More than 72 million U.S. adults are obese; therefore, fruit and vegetable intake is important in weight management. Using data from the Food Attitude and Behavior survey, this study will address the following questions: is there a correlation between recalled fruit and vegetable intake during childhood and adult fruit and vegetable intake among U.S. adults? Secondly, is reported fruit and vegetable consumption associated with sociodemographic variables and other health-related behaviors? Results indicated there is a positive correlation between recalled FV intake and reported FV intake in adults. Therefore, public health practitioners should develop initiatives to increase the amount of FV intake in children so that these FV consumption habits may continue in adulthood.
6
Mu, Qi. „The cloning and cellular basis of a novel tomato fruit weight gene: Cell Size Regulator (FW11.3/CSR)“. The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437584743.
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7
García, Palominos Cecilia Loreto. „Evaluación del efecto raleador de cianamida hidrogenada en manzanos var. red king oregon, braeburn y red chief“. Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101766.
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8
Pasch, Ludwig Anselm. „The effect of leaf area to crop weight ratios on fruit quality and performance of grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir)“. Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8635.
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Mestrado Vinifera EuroMaster - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaVine performance, fruit and wine composition were investigated on field grown Pinot Noir grapevines subjected to a range of leaf removal and cluster thinning treatments. Both treatments were applied in three levels (25 %, 50 % and 100 % of leaves and clusters retained, respectively) at the phenological stage of pea-size. New emerging leaves were removed as they appeared. Veraison was delayed when leaf area to fruit weight ratio (LA/Y) dropped below a certain threshold (13 cm2 g-1). On the contrary a high LA/Y ratio (> 26 cm2g-1) did not show any difference on fruit colouration. No significant differences in single leaf photosynthetic rate were observed between the treatments, however, there was a trend that vines from the 50 % leaf retained treatment tended to exhibit highest values for stomatal conductance and photosynthesis. Defoliated vines compensated for a restricted leaf area by increasing individual leaf size of the remaining leaves.The results of the present study suggest that fruit is produced at the expense of vegetative growth. High crop levels resulted in a decrease of individual leaf size. Moreover, pruning weight and LA/Y ratio were positively correlated. Sugar accumulation in grape berries were shown to follow a saturation curve. An increase of the source to sink ratio up to a certain point was accompanied by an increase in sugar accumulation. If this threshold was exceeded, additional leaf area did not promote higher sugar accumulation, indicating that the vine might be sink-limited. The most severe defoliation treatment significantly reduced berry size and berry weight. No consistent pattern between titratable acidity, pH and YAN and leaf area to fruit weight ratio could be found. Wine tannin content and wine colour parameters were not affected by the treatments
9
Howpage, Daya. „Pollination biology of kiwifruit : influence of honey bees, Apis mellifera L, pollen parents and pistil structure“. Thesis, Richmond, N.S.W. : Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/338.
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The importance of European honey bees in improving fruit set, yield and fruit weight of kiwifruit on the central east coast of Australia was investigated. Field investigations were carried out using different bee saturations and different types of male pollen parents. These investigations confirmed the importance of honey bees in kiwifruit fruit set, yield and fruit weight. However, the results suggested that increasing bee activity alone may not increase pollination of kiwifruit by honey bees. Many factors need to be understood before introducing bees into the orchard. Bees were more effective during the early part of the flowering period, and bee activity varied according to the sex of the vine, planting design and the time of day. The type of male pollen parents also influenced fruit size and quality. Flowers pollinated by different pollen parents were assessed for pollen tube growth and histochemical changes. The resulting fruit were also examined for weight and seed numbers. Honey bees play the major role in the size and yield of kiwifruit, but the design of male vines, their age and type of male pollen may also contribute. The kiwifruit pistil also possesses important features that can be considered as adaptations to insect pollination.
10
Courtmanche, Mia Jill. „Assement of Change in Fruit and Vegetable Intakes and Exercise Behavior of College Students Following an Online Intervention“. Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/CourtmancheMJ2009.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBücher zum Thema "Fruit weight"
1
Tomlinson, John Van Reginald. The fabulous sex organ diet. Flint, Mich: Beaver Island Trading Co., 1991.
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2
Juicing for weight loss. [Place of publication not identified]: [publisher not identified], 2013.
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3
Spiritual secrets to weight loss. Lake Mary, Fla: Siloam, 2008.
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4
Calbom, Cherie. The juice lady's weekend weight-loss diet. Lake Mary, Fla: Siloam, 2012.
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5
The juice diet: Lose weight, detox, tone up, stay slim & healthy. New York, NY: Sterling Pub., 2011.
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6
Supercharged juice & smoothie recipes: Your ultra-healthy plan to lose weight, feel energized, boost immunity and look amazing. London: Nourish, 2015.
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7
Superfood juices, smoothies & drinks: Recipes and advice to boost your emotional and physical health. Sydney: Murdoch Books, 2015.
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8
Shui guo mei shui nen shou shen shu: Chris beauty diet book. Beijing: Dang dai shi jie chu ban she, 2005.
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A beginners guide to juicing: 50 recipes to detox, lose weight, feel young, look great and age gracefully. [Lexington, KY]: Sahron Daniels & Internet Niche Publishers, 2012.
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The miracle foods cookbook: Easy, low-cost recipes and menus with antioxidant-rich vegetables and fruits that help you lose weight, fight disease, and slow the aging process. Minneapolis, MN: Chronimed Pub., 1995.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Fruit weight"
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Tingting, Bai, Wang Daobo und Jiang Yan. „Research on Improved PIO Based on Adaptive Inertia Weight Strategy and Fruit Fly Optimization Strategy“. In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 3911–21. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6613-2_381.
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Philpott, Stacy M., Shinsuke Uno und Jorge Maldonado. „The importance of ants and high-shade management to coffee pollination and fruit weight in Chiapas, Mexico“. In Arthropod Diversity and Conservation, 473–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5204-0_29.
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Lantican, Gaudencia A. „Field Screening of Gamma-Irradiated Cavendish Bananas“. In Efficient Screening Techniques to Identify Mutants with TR4 Resistance in Banana, 97–109. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64915-2_7.
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AbstractIn our search for Cavendish bananas to withstand Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc TR4) and other diseases, field screening of tissue-cultured Grand Nain banana seedlings derived from gamma-irradiated shoot tips was explored. Six months after irradiation and multiplication in the laboratory, the plantlets (M1V6) were individually grown in seedling bags under screen house conditions for 8 weeks, side-by-side with non-irradiated plantlets of the same clone. Once acclimatized, the banana plants were grown in an area confirmed positive of Foc TR4 (based on previous farm records stating that more than 50% of the plant population succumbed to the disease). Seedlings from each treatment (dose of radiation) were divided into four replicates, regardless of the number of plants. Each plant was given a unique identification code for traceability during disease monitoring, bunch and fruit quality evaluation.Incidences of Foc TR4, Moko disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) and virus diseases were monitored weekly. Plants found positive of any disease were eradicated immediately. The plant population for the succeeding generation was managed by removing the unwanted suckers, 12 weeks from planting using a spade gouge and keeping only one sucker per plant for the next generation. Agronomic characters of each plant were taken at the flowering stage. These included age to flower, height, pseudostem circumference, number of leaves and height of the sucker. The bunch was harvested 12 weeks from flowering. The number of hands in a bunch, the number of fingers and weight of a hand were recorded. The same agronomic characters of the plant were taken for the succeeding generations.Plants left standing in the field without any disease symptoms 3 years after planting were considered as putative mutants and were selected as candidate lines for multiplication and second-generation field screening. Only healthy suckers (free from viruses) were further multiplied via tissue culture technique to reach M1V6. Clean suckers from each line free of soil debris or dirt were sent to the laboratory for multiplication. At least 1000 plantlets were produced from each line for the second-generation field screening. These were grown in two locations – with and without records of Foc TR4. Field monitoring activities including plant population management, disease incidence assessment and fruit quality evaluation were carried out following the same protocols used in the establishment of the first-generation plants. Lines with population showing ≤10% Foc TR4 after the first harvest, with good vigor, fruit quality and productivity were considered as candidates for further multiplication, farmers distribution and field planting under semi-commercial scale.
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Jamaludin, Mohd Ariff, Kamarulzaman Nordin und Mansur Ahmad. „The Bending Strength of Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) from Different Ratios of Kenaf and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) Admixture for Light Weight Construction“. In Advances in Composite Materials and Structures, 77–80. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-427-8.77.
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Yogeswararao, G., R. Malmathanraj und P. Palanisamy. „Fuzzy Weighted Nuclear Norm Based Two-Dimensional Linear Discriminant Features for Fruit Grade Classification“. In Futuristic Research Trends and Applications of Internet of Things, 139–58. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003244714-7.
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Muhammad K. Rozbiany, Parween, und Shler Mahmud Taha. „Response of Strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa Duch.) Flowering and Yield to Photoperiod“. In Recent Studies on Strawberries. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105442.
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The study was carried out during the growing seasons 2016-2018, collage of Agricultural Engineering Science—Salahaddin University—Erbil. For studying the effect of photoperiod on flowering and yield of two cultivars of strawberry, Festival and Albion were covered with black clothes for (0, 2 and 4 hours). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications for each treatment. Ten plants per experimental unit were arranged randomly in 54 plots. The data were analyzed using (SAS) program. As a result, when propagating the strawberry, the number of runners produced by the adult plants is an important consideration. Parameters significantly increased at photoperiod for 4 h included: for Festival in the first season, number of flowers, plant-1, viability pollen grain% and fruit set% in the first and the second seasons for Festival, (fruit dry weight and dry weight%) for Albion increased in the first season, (fruit fresh weight, fruit size and fruit length) for Albion in second season, (number of fruits. plant-1 and fruit diameter) for Festival in first season, marketable fruits% for Albion in second season, Yield. plant-1 (g) and yield, hectare-1 (Kg) significantly increased at photoperiod 4 h for Festival (100.591) in second season and (96.633) in first season.
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Khadijah A. Karim, Siti. „Deciphering the Plant Hormones Cross-Talk during Fruit Development: A Review“. In Apple Cultivation - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108955.
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Horticultural industries are increasingly crucial in providing livelihoods, food quality, profits, and economic growth. In many horticultural plants, extensive studies were conducted to study the roles of hormones, epigenetics, and genes in regulating the development of cell number, cell size, fruit size, fruit weight, and endo-reduplication primarily via a gene-mapping technique known as quantitative trait loci (QTL). In general, these plants encompassed those with full-genomes sequenced, such as the apple, tomato, strawberry, and bananas. However, apart from fully sequenced apple genomes, the genome sequences of many other plants, particularly highly profitable tropical fruits, such as mangoes, pineapples, durians, and coconuts are yet available. This chapter will describe the interplay of plant hormones in determining fruit cell number and cell size, which, in turn, affects the final fruit size in horticultural plants.
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Elena, Ana M. López-Sobaler und Rosa M. Ortega. „Weight Loss Due to Fruit and Vegetable Use“. In Bioactive Foods in Promoting Health, 437–48. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374628-3.00029-3.
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Arguin, H., und A. Tremblay. „Fruit and vegetables, energy balance and weight management“. In Improving the Health-Promoting Properties of Fruit and Vegetable Products. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833025.ch8.
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Arguin, H., und A. Tremblay. „Fruit and vegetables, energy balance and weight management“. In Improving the Health-Promoting Properties of Fruit and Vegetable Products, 182–98. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845694289.2.182.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Fruit weight"
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Badžak, Nedim, Mirjana Radović, Jasmina Aliman, Mirko Kulina, Jasna Sejfić Hasanbegović und Aleksandra Šupljeglav Jukić. „FIZIČKE OSOBINE PLODA SORTI TREŠNJE NA PODLOZI GISELA“. In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.179b.
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The physical properties of three sweet cherry cultivars grafted on Gisela 6 rootstock were studied in agroecological conditions of Blagaj, Herzegovina (southern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina), during a period of two years (2020‒2021). The research included fruit and stone weight, flesh ratio, stalk length, fruit dimensions and fruit shape index) of Early Lory, Regina and Kordia cultivars. The fruits of the cultivar Kordia had the highest fruit and stone weight, flesh ratio, stalk length, fruit width as well as fruit shape index. The cultivar Early Lory had the highest fruit width and thickness. Based on the results, the cultivar Kordia showed the best results of physical properties of the fruit compared to the cultivar Early Lory and Regina.
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Marjanović, Miloš, Dalibor Tomić, Mirjana Radovanović, Vesna Đurović, Vladeta Stevović, Aleksandar Paunović und Nenad Pavlović. „KOMPONENTE PRINOSA SEMENA GENOTIPOVA OBIČNE TIKVE“. In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.067m.
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Many farms grow pumpkins, which they use to feed people and domestic animals. A by-product of this production is pumpkin seeds. He can get very high quality salad oil from it, which has a high market price. Pumpkin seeds contain up to 55% oil. The paper analyzes 19 pumpkin genotypes originating from Central and Western Serbia. Fruit weight, dry seed weight and randman were measured. The highest fruit weight and seed weight were found in G13 and G4, while the randman was highest in G19 and G3 and was inversely proportional to fruit and seed weight. Genotypes suitable for pumpkin seed production should have a larger number of smaller fruits (2-5 kg), which have a better randman, and therefore are important for oil production.
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Cvijanovic, Jelisaveta Seka, Miljan Cvetkovic und Tatjana Jovanovic-Cvetkovic. „UTICAJ PROREĐIVANJA PUPOLJAKA NA KVALITET PLODOVA TREŠNJE (Prunus avium L.) SORTI ‘KORDIA’ I ‘SWEETHEART’“. In SAVETOVANJE o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.125c.
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Thinning the buds of May flowers, as an pomotechnical measure, can significantly increase the average fruit size. The paper presents the results of thinning of buds of cultivars "Kordia" and "Dušice" on rootstocks "Gisela 5" and "Gisela 6" grown in the system of Vogel spindles. The examined cultivars reacted positively to the thinning of the buds by increasing the fruit weight, which was especially expressed in the cultivar 'Kordia'. Thinning of the buds had a positive effect on the presence of marketable fruits, although not to a significant extent.
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Sapkota, Manoj. „Identification of novel loci underlying fruit weight in tomato“. In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1052971.
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Hameed, Khurram, Douglas Chai und Alexander Rassau. „A Progressive Weighted Average Weight Optimisation Ensemble Technique for Fruit and Vegetable Classification“. In 2020 16th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icarcv50220.2020.9305474.
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Hameed, Khurram, Douglas Chai und Alexander Rassau. „A Progressive Weighted Average Weight Optimisation Ensemble Technique for Fruit and Vegetable Classification“. In 2020 16th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icarcv50220.2020.9305474.
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Pasaribu, U. S., S. W. Indratno, U. Mukhaiyar, Y. S. Afrianti und K. N. Sari. „The effect of weight in mean arithmetic to estimate total fruit harvest“. In SYMPOSIUM ON BIOMATHEMATICS (SYMOMATH 2014). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4914440.
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Aung, Waiyar, Theint Theint Thu, Hnin Thi Dar Aye, Phyu Phyu Htun und Nay Zar Aung. „Weight Estimation of Mango from Single Visible Fruit Surface using Computer Vision“. In 2020 59th Annual Conference of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers of Japan (SICE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/sice48898.2020.9240422.
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Celma, Santa, Austra Zusevica, Mudrite Daugaviete und Dagnija Lazdina. „Fruit properties of sweet cherry (Prunus Avium L.) Suited for wood production“. In Research for Rural Development 2022 : annual 28th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.28.2022.007.
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Sweet cherry Prunus avium L. cultivated for wood production is selected and bred mainly based on its growth rate and stem properties to maximize the valuable timber outcome. However, the fruit of sweet cherry has ecological value as food source for animals and can also serve as an income source prior felling. It could be beneficial to consider fruit properties in selection and breeding of cherries for wood production purpose. In this study, we compare the properties, such as volume and moisture content, of fruit collected from cherry orchard and two plantations, where sweet cherry is cultivated for wood production. Based on fruit and trunk properties we select genotypes from cherry orchard, that are promising for further studies and development of locally sourced planting material. Fruit of ten genotypes cultivated for fruit and nine genotypes cultivated for wood was collected in July, 2020. Fruit was then scanned to calculate volume, pitted, weighted and oven dried to obtain dry matter and moisture content. The results show that fruit cultivated in orchard have greater volume and weight, as well as have more pulp compared to genotypes selected for wood production. The relative moisture and dry matter content of the pulp does not follow the same trend, and is not directly associated with morphological properties. Based on fruit size, moisture content and trunk diameter ‘Kazdangas’, ‘Agrais Lielajiem Ķiršiem’, ‘Brjanskaja Rozovaja’ and ‘Muiža’ are the most promising genotypes for further studies aimed to develop planting material with good fruit yield and timber outcomes.
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Fei, Zhenghao, John Shepard und Stavros Vougioukas. „<i>Instrumented picking bag for measuring fruit weight during harvesting</i>“. In 2017 Spokane, Washington July 16 - July 19, 2017. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201701385.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Fruit weight"
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Arias, Elizabeth. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among Adults in the United States, 2015–2018. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:100470.
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A diet high in fruits and vegetables is associated with decreased risk for chronic diseases. In addition, because fruits and vegetables have low energy density (i.e., few calories relative to volume), eating them as part of a reduced-calorie diet can be beneficial for weight management.
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Blumwald, Eduardo, und Avi Sadka. Sugar and Acid Homeostasis in Citrus Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697109.bard.
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Citrus fruit quality standards have been determined empirically, depending on species and on the particular growing regions. In general, the TSS (total soluble solids) to total acidity (TA) ratio determines whether citrus fruit can be marketed. Soluble sugars account for most of the TSS during harvest while TA is determined almost solely by the citric acid content, which reaches levels of 1-5% by weight in many cultivated varieties. Acid and sugar homeostasis in the fruit is critical for the management of existing cultivars, the development of new cultivars, the improvement of pre- and post-harvest strategies and the control of fruit quality and disorders. The current proposal (a continuation of a previous proposal) aimed at: (1) completing the citrus fruit proteome and metabolome, and establish a citrus fruit functional database, (2) further characterization of the control of fruit acidity by studying the regulation of key steps affecting citrate metabolism, and determine the fate of citrate during acid decline stage, and (3) Studying acid and sugar homeostasis in citrus fruits by characterizing transport mechanisms across membranes. These aims were completed as the following: (1) Our initial efforts were aimed at the characterization and identification of citric acid transporters in citrus juice cells. The identification of citrate transporters at the vacuole of the citrus juice cell indicated that the steady-state citrate cytosolic concentration and the action of the cytosolic aconitase were key elements in establishing the pH homeostat in the cell that regulates the metabolic shift towards carbon usage in the fruit during the later stages of fruit development. We focused on the action of aconitase, the enzyme mediating the metabolic use of citric acid in the cells, and identified processes that control carbon fluxes in developing citrus fruits that control the fruit acid load; (2) The regulation of aconitase, catalyzing a key step in citrate metabolism, was further characterized by using two inhibitors, citramalte and oxalomalte. These compounds significantly increased citrate content and reduced the enzyme’s activity. Metabolite profiling and changes of amino-acid metabolizing enzymes in oxalomalate- treated cells suggested that the increase in citrate, caused by aconitase inhibition, induces amino acid synthesis and the GABA shunt, in accordance with the suggested fate of citrate during the acid decline stage in citrus fruit. (3) We have placed a considerable amount of time on the development of a citrus fruit proteome that will serve to identify all of the proteins in the juice cells and will also serve as an aid to the genomics efforts of the citrus research community (validating the annotation of the fruit genes and the different ESTs). Initially, we identified more than 2,500 specific fruit proteins and were able to assign a function to more than 2,100 proteins (Katz et al., 2007). We have now developed a novel Differential Quantitative LC-MS/MS Proteomics Methodology for the identification and quantitation of key biochemical pathways in fruits (Katz et al., 2010) and applied this methodology to identify determinants of key traits for fruit quality (Katz et al., 2011). We built “biosynthesis maps” that will aid in defining key pathways associated with the development of key fruit quality traits. In addition, we constructed iCitrus (http://wiki.bioinformatics.ucdavis.edu/index.php/ICitrus), a “functional database” that is essentially a web interface to a look-up table that allows users to use functional annotations in the web to identify poorly annotated citrus proteins. This resource will serve as a tool for growers and field extension specialists.
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Badami, Kaswan, Budi Setiadi Daryono, Achmad Amzeri und Syaiful Khoiri. COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROTIC STUDIES ON HYBRID MELON (Cucumis melo L.) POPULATIONS FOR FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, Oktober 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2020.3.
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In different crop plants, combining ability and heterosis are used as important diagnostic tools for assessing the performance of parental genotypes and their hybrids. This research aimed to evaluate heterotic and combining ability effects in the diallel crosses of melon (Cucumis melo L.) for yield- and quality-related traits. Seven melon (C. melo L.) genotypes were grown and crossed in a complete diallel fashion to produce F1 hybrids. During the 2019 crop season, 49 melon genotypes (7 parents + 42 F1 hybrids) were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Observations were made for seven characters. Analysis of variance revealed significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences among the melon genotypes for harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit diameter and merely significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for fruit weight. Combining ability analysis revealed that mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) were significant for fruit diameter but were nonsignificant for all other traits. However, mean squares due to specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for all traits. The parental genotypes PK-165, PK-464, and PK-669 exhibited the highest and desirable GCA effects for yield and quality traits. Hence, these genotypes could be used to generate high-yielding hybrid/open-pollinated cultivars. GCA:SCA ratios further revealed that the traits of harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit weight were controlled by dominant gene action, whereas fruit diameter was managed by additive and dominant genes. The majority of the traits were controlled by nonadditive gene action, verifying that the said breeding material could be efficiently used for the production of hybrid cultivars on the basis of heterotic effects.
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Lurie, Susan, John Labavitch, Ruth Ben-Arie und Ken Shackel. Woolliness in Peaches and Nectarines. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570557.bard.
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The overall goal of the research was to understand the processes involved in the development of woolliness in peaches and nectarines. Four specific hypotheses were proposed and in the course of the research evidence was gathered t support two of them and to not support two others. The hypotheses and a summary of the evidence are outlined below. 1. That woolliness arises from an imbalance between the activities of the cell wall pectin degrading enzymes. Using 'Flavortop' nectarines and 'Hermoza' peaches as model systems, storage regimes were manipulated to induce or prevent woolliness. The expression (mRNA abundance), protein content (Western blotting), and activity of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin esterase (PE) were followed. Expression of the enzymes was not different, but activity and the ratio between PG and PE activities were quite different in fruits developing woolliness or ripening normally. This was also examined by looking at the substrate, the pectin moiety of the cell wall, and i woolly fruit there were more high molecular weight pectins with regions of non-methylated galacturonic acid residues. Taking an in vitro approach it was found a) that PE activity was stable at 0oC while PG activity decreased; b) incubating the calcium pectate fraction of the cell wall with PE extracted from peaches caused the polymers to form a gel characteristic of the visual woolly symptoms in peaches. 2. That continued cell wall synthesis occurs during storage and contributes to structural changes i cell walls and improper dissolution and softening after storage. We tried to adapt our technique of adding 13C-glucose to fruit discs, which was used successfully to follow cell wall synthesis during tomato ripening. However, the difference in sugar content between the two fruits (4% in tomato and 12% in peach) meant that the 13C-glucose was much more diluted within the general metabolite pool. We were unable to see any cell wall synthesis which meant that either the dilution factor was too great, or that synthesis was not occurring. 3. That controlled atmosphere (CA) prevents woolliness by lowering all enzyme activities. CA was found to greatly reduce mRNA abundance of the cell wall enzymes compared to regular air storage. However, their synthesis and activity recovered during ripening after CA storage and did not after regular air storage. Therefore, CA prevented the inhibition of enzyme activation found in regular air storage. 4. That changes in cell wall turgor and membrane function are important events in the development of woolliness. Using a micro pressure probe, turgor was measured in cells of individual 'O'Henry' and 'CalRed' peaches which were woolly or healthy. The relationship between firmness and turgor was the same in both fruit conditions. These data indicate that the development and expression of woolliness are not associated with differences in membrane function, at least with regard to the factors that determine cell turgor pressure. In addition, during the period of the grant additional areas were explored. Encoglucanase, and enzyme metabolizing hemicellulose, was found to be highly expressed air stored, but not in unstored or CA stored fruit. Activity gels showed higher activity in air stored fruit as well. This is the first indication that other components of the cell wall may be involved in woolliness. The role of ethylene in woolliness development was also investigated at it was found a) that woolly fruits had decreased ability to produce ethylene, b) storing fruits in the presence of ethylene delayed the appearance of woolliness. This latter finding has implication for an inexpensive strategy for storing peaches and nectarines.
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Jung, Carina, Matthew Carr, Eric Fleischman und Chandler Roesch. Response of the green June beetle and its gut microbiome to RDX and phenanthrene. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38799.
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Green June beetles are a cosmopolitan pest in the United States. Adults are voracious consumers of tree and vine fruit, while their larvae can dam-age and inadvertently consume root systems, particularly those of grasses, as they move through the soil and forage for detritus. Larvae ingest and process large volumes of soil while in the process of feeding. Due to their intimate contact with the soil it was hypothesized that soil contaminants that are known animal toxins would perturb the larval and affect their overall health and survival. Studies of this kind are important contribu-tions to the development of new model organisms and our understanding of interactions between the environment, contaminants, gut microbiome, and animal development, health, and survival. It is important to continue to develop relevant model organisms for monitoring toxicity as regulations for working with vertebrates becomes more prohibitive. In this study green June beetle larvae were exposed to RDX and phenanthrene through-out their entire soil-bound development, starting within the first few days of hatching through to their emergence as adults. The overall findings included that even at high concentrations, RDX and phenanthrene (25 ppm) exerted no significant effect on body weight or survival. Also, there was lit-tle apparent effect of RDX and phenanthrene on the bacterial microbiome, and no statistical association with measurable health effects. Nevertheless, the green June beetle is an interesting model for soil toxicity experiments in the future as is it easy to collect, house, and handle.
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Caulfield, Laura E., Wendy L. Bennett, Susan M. Gross, Kristen M. Hurley, S. Michelle Ogunwole, Maya Venkataramani, Jennifer L. Lerman, Allen Zhang, Ritu Sharma und Eric B. Bass. Maternal and Child Outcomes Associated With the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer253.
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Objectives. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) aims to safeguard the health of low-income, nutritionally at-risk pregnant and postpartum women and children less than 5 years old. This systematic review evaluates whether participation in WIC is associated with nutrition and health outcomes for women, infants, and children, and whether the associations vary by duration of participation or across subgroups. Because of major revisions to the WIC food package in 2009, we prioritized studies published since 2009 and included studies comparing outcomes before and after the 2009 food package change. Data sources. Using electronic publication databases, we conducted a literature search from January 2009 to September 2021 and a targeted search for selected outcomes from January 2000 to September 2021. Review methods. Paired team members independently screened search results, serially abstracted data, assessed risk of bias, and graded strength of evidence (SOE) using standard methods for observational studies. Results. We included 82 quantitative observational studies and 16 qualitative studies, with 49 studies comparing outcomes of WIC participants with WIC-eligible non-participants. WIC prenatal participation was associated with lower risk of three outcomes: preterm delivery (moderate SOE), low birth weight (moderate SOE), and infant mortality (moderate SOE). Prenatal WIC participation was associated with better maternal diet quality (low SOE), lower risk of inadequate gestational weight gain (low SOE), lower alcohol use in pregnancy (low SOE), and no difference in smoking (low SOE). Maternal WIC participation was associated with increased child preventive care and immunizations (each low SOE), and higher cognitive scores for children (low SOE). Child WIC participation was associated with better diet quality (moderate SOE), and greater intakes of 100 percent fruit juice, whole grain cereals, and age-appropriate milk (moderate SOE). Household WIC participation was associated with greater purchasing of healthy food groups (moderate SOE). Maternal WIC participation was not associated with breastfeeding initiation (moderate SOE). The evidence was insufficient for other outcomes related to maternal health and child growth. The evidence generally was insufficient on how WIC participation affects outcomes across subgroups. Conclusions. Maternal WIC participation was associated with improved birth outcomes, lower infant mortality, and better child cognitive development. WIC participation was associated with purchasing healthier foods and with improved diets for pregnant women and children. More research is needed on maternal health outcomes; food security; child growth, development, and academic achievement; and effectiveness of WIC in all segments of the eligible population.
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Poverenov, Elena, Tara McHugh und Victor Rodov. Waste to Worth: Active antimicrobial and health-beneficial food coating from byproducts of mushroom industry. United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600015.bard.
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Background. In this proposal we suggest developing a common solution for three seemingly unrelated acute problems: (1) improving sustainability of fast-growing mushroom industry producing worldwide millions of tons of underutilized leftovers; (2) alleviating the epidemic of vitamin D deficiency adversely affecting the public health in both countries and in other regions; (3) reducing spoilage of perishable fruit and vegetable products leading to food wastage. Based on our previous experience we propose utilizing appropriately processed mushroom byproducts as a source of two valuable bioactive materials: antimicrobial and wholesome polysaccharide chitosan and health-strengthening nutrient ergocalciferol⁽ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2⁾. ᴬᵈᵈⁱᵗⁱᵒⁿᵃˡ ᵇᵉⁿᵉᶠⁱᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉˢᵉ ᵐᵃᵗᵉʳⁱᵃˡˢ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉⁱʳ ᵒʳⁱᵍⁱⁿ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ⁿᵒⁿ⁻ᵃⁿⁱᵐᵃˡ ᶠᵒᵒᵈ⁻ᵍʳᵃᵈᵉ source. We proposed using chitosan and vitamin D as ingredients in active edible coatings on two model foods: highly perishable fresh-cut melon and less perishable health bars. Objectives and work program. The general aim of the project is improving storability, safety and health value of foods by developing and applying a novel active edible coating based on utilization of mushroom industry leftovers. The work plan includes the following tasks: (a) optimizing the UV-B treatment of mushroom leftover stalks to enrich them with vitamin D without compromising chitosan quality - Done; (b) developing effective extraction procedures to yield chitosan and vitamin D from the stalks - Done; (c) utilizing LbL approach to prepare fungal chitosan-based edible coatings with optimal properties - Done; (d) enrichment of the coating matrix with fungal vitamin D utilizing molecular encapsulation and nano-encapsulation approaches - Done, it was found that no encapsulation methods are needed to enrich chitosan matrix with vitamin D; (e) testing the performance of the coating for controlling spoilage of fresh cut melons - Done; (f) testing the performance of the coating for nutritional enhancement and quality preservation of heath bars - Done. Achievements. In this study numerous results were achieved. Mushroom waste, leftover stalks, was treated ʷⁱᵗʰ ᵁⱽ⁻ᴮ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʳᵉᵃᵗᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁱⁿᵈᵘᶜᵉˢ ᵃ ᵛᵉʳʸ ʰⁱᵍʰ ᵃᶜᶜᵘᵐᵘˡᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2, ᶠᵃʳ ᵉˣᶜᵉᵉᵈⁱⁿᵍ any other dietary vitamin D source. The straightforward vitamin D extraction procedure and ᵃ ˢⁱᵐᵖˡⁱᶠⁱᵉᵈ ᵃⁿᵃˡʸᵗⁱᶜᵃˡ ᵖʳᵒᵗᵒᶜᵒˡ ᶠᵒʳ ᵗⁱᵐᵉ⁻ᵉᶠᶠⁱᶜⁱᵉⁿᵗ ᵈᵉᵗᵉʳᵐⁱⁿᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2 ᶜᵒⁿᵗᵉⁿᵗ suitable for routine product quality control were developed. Concerning the fungal chitosan extraction, new freeze-thawing protocol was developed, tested on three different mushroom sources and compared to the classic protocol. The new protocol resulted in up to 2-fold increase in the obtained chitosan yield, up to 3-fold increase in its deacetylation degree, high whitening index and good antimicrobial activity. The fungal chitosan films enriched with Vitamin D were prepared and compared to the films based on animal origin chitosan demonstrating similar density, porosity and water vapor permeability. Layer-by-layer chitosan-alginate electrostatic deposition was used to coat fruit bars. The coatings helped to preserve the quality and increase the shelf-life of fruit bars, delaying degradation of ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity loss as well as reducing bar softening. Microbiological analyses also showed a delay in yeast and fungal growth when compared with single layer coatings of fungal or animal chitosan or alginate. Edible coatings were also applied on fresh-cut melons and provided significant improvement of physiological quality (firmness, weight ˡᵒˢˢ⁾, ᵐⁱᶜʳᵒᵇⁱᵃˡ ˢᵃᶠᵉᵗʸ ⁽ᵇᵃᶜᵗᵉʳⁱᵃ, ᵐᵒˡᵈ, ʸᵉᵃˢᵗ⁾, ⁿᵒʳᵐᵃˡ ʳᵉˢᵖⁱʳᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢ ⁽Cᴼ2, ᴼ²⁾ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵈⁱᵈ not cause off-flavor (EtOH). It was also found that the performance of edible coating from fungal stalk leftovers does not concede to the chitosan coatings sourced from animal or good quality mushrooms. Implications. The proposal helped attaining triple benefit: valorization of mushroom industry byproducts; improving public health by fortification of food products with vitamin D from natural non-animal source; and reducing food wastage by using shelf- life-extending antimicrobial edible coatings. New observations with scientific impact were found. The program resulted in 5 research papers. Several effective and straightforward procedures that can be adopted by mushroom growers and food industries were developed. BARD Report - Project 4784
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Shomer, Ilan, Louise Wicker, Uzi Merin und William L. Kerr. Interactions of Cloud Proteins, Pectins and Pectinesterases in Flocculation of Citrus Cloud. United States Department of Agriculture, Februar 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580669.bard.
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The overall objective was to understand the cloud flocculation of citrus juice by characterization of the interactions between proteins and pectins, and to determine the role of PE isozymes in catalyzing this phenomenon. Specific objectives were to: 1. identify/characterize cloud-proteins in relation to their coagulable properties and affinity to pectins; 2. to determine structural changes of PME and other proteins induced by cation/pectin interactions; 3. localize cloud proteins, PME and bound protein/pectates in unheated and pasteurized juices; 4. to create "sensitized" pectins and determine their effect on clarification. The original objectives were not changed but the methods and approach were modified due to specific research requirements. Two i postulates were: 1. there is a specific interaction of cloud proteins with de-esterified regions of ! pectin and this contributes to cloud loss; 2. isozymes of pectin-methyl-esterase (PME) vary in efficiency to create sensitized pectins. The appearance of citrus fruit juice is an important quality factor and is determined by the color and turbidity that .are conferred by the suspended particles, i.e., by the cloud and its homogeneity. Under some circumstances the cloud tend to flocculate and the juice clarifies. The accepted approach to explain the clarification is based on pectin demethoxylation by PME that promotes formation of Ca-pectate. Therefore, the juice includes immediate heat-inactivation upon ~ squeezing. Protein coagulation also promotes cloud instability of citrus fruit extracts. However, the clarification mechanism is not fully understood. Information accumulated from several laboratories indicates that clarification is a more complex process than can be explained by a single mechanism. The increasing trend to consume natural-fresh juice emphasizing the importance of the knowledge to assure homogeneity of fresh juice. The research included complementary directions: Conditions that induce cloud-instability of natural- juice [IL]. Evaluate purification schemes of protein [USA]. Identifications of proteins, pectin and neutral sugars ([IL]; Structure of the cloud components using light and electron microscopy and immuno-labeling of PME, high-methoxyl-pectin (HMP) and low-methoxyl-pectin (LMP); Molecular weight of calcium sensitized pectins [US]; Evaluation of the products of PME activity [US]. Fractions and size distribution and cloud components [IL-US]. The optimal pH activity of PME is 7 and the flocculation pH of the cloud is 3-4. Thus, the c roles of PME, proteins and pectins in the cloud instability, were studied in pH ranges of 2- 7. The experiments led to establish firstly repeatable simulate conditions for cloud instability [IL]. Thermostable PME (TS-PE) known to induce cloud instability, but also thermolabile forms of PME (TL-PE) caused clarification, most likely due to the formation and dissolution of inactive :. PE-pectin complexes and displacement of a protective colloid from the cloud surface [US]. Furthermore, elimination of non-PME protein increases TS-PE activity, indicating that non-PME proteins moderate PME activity [US]. Other experiments Concomitantly with the study of the PME activity but promotes the association of cloud-proteins to pectin. Adjusting of the juice pH to f 7 retains the cloud stability and re-adjusting of the pH to 40% DE reacts to immuno-labeling in the cloud fragments, whereas
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Introduction Success of Less Common Species from the Genus Berberis L. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3641.
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The study dealt with the patterns of adaptation of the genus Berberis L. low-abundant alien plants to the climatic conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The success of the introduction, which was conducted on the territory of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (city of Dnipro) near 60 years ago, was evaluated by a set of indicators. According to the study of phenological rhythms, introduced plants can be characterized as plants with a relatively short growing season, a relatively long shoot growth, a short flowering period and a long maturing period. This indicates the lability of the phenological rhythms of the introduced plants, which respond to changes in environmental conditions in terms of the beginning and end of the phenological phases. The aquatic regime of introduced plants reflects the level of their adaptation to the environment due to the ability of plant organism to withstand water consumption. The study of water exchange features of Berberis L. plants revealed a moderate decrease in the intensity of transpiration and a moderate water deficit in the plant leaves, which indicates the adaptation of the species to the difficult climatic conditions of the steppe zone. The response of introduced plants to the level of moisture in the steppe region confirmed the universal mechanism of plant adaptation to arid conditions. Comparative analysis of the reproductive ability of introduced plants of the genus Berberis L. in the conditions of the Botanical Garden revealed a significant variability of quantitative indicators. The weight of 100 fruits ranged from 12.5 g (B. vulgaris) to 16.3 g (B. declinata). Seed length varied from 4.5 mm (B. canadensis) to 5.2 mm (B. declinata, B. amurensis), seed width varied from 1.8 mm (B. amurensis, B. vulgaris) to 2.1 mm (B. koreana). The highest mass of 1000 seeds was observed in the species B. koreana. To compare sample averages, the criterion for the significant difference of Tukey's group averages was used. The investigated plants of the genus Berberis L. can be recommended for the introduction into large-scale and individual gardening in order to expand the range of fruit products and obtain biologically valuable raw materials for the industrial production of functional products.