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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "French procedural law"
1
Ho-Dac, Marion. „Recognition of a status acquired abroad“. CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 14, Nr. 1 (08.03.2022): 1169–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2022.6745.
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In the French legal system, recognition of status is a classic issue that attracts diverse responses, depending on the circumstances, from procedural recognition of judgement to conflict of laws and conflict of authorities. In the light of this classic scheme, many foreign statuses are recognised in France without any difficulties, provided that they were legally obtained abroad. However, many obstacles to recognition remains and the current changing legal context in favour of a new subjective right of free movement including the status of persons, has been provoking active academic discussions among French scholars and unprecedented judicial developments. For these reasons, it is important to rethink globally the issue of recognition of status in a broad perspective within the French legal order.
2
Kadelbach, Stefan. „Nuclear Testing and Human Rights“. Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 14, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1996): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/092405199601400402.
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On 4 December 1995, the European Commission of Human Rights dismissed a complaint filed by inhabitants of French Polynesia against the decision of the President of the French Republic to resume underground nuclear testing in the South Pacific. The case raises a series of issues regarding both substantive human rights law and procedural law which are of general interest for human rights litigation in cases of degradation of the environment. The decision misses the opportunity to elaborate on how to protect human fights against potentially harmful activities when the risk incurred is in dispute. Thus, it raises more questions than it answers.
3
Darwazeh, Nadia, und Baptiste Rigaudeau. „Clues to Construing the New French Arbitration Law An ICC Perspective on Procedural Efficiency, Good Faith, and Independence“. Journal of International Arbitration 28, Issue 4 (01.08.2011): 381–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2011031.
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The new French arbitration law has been celebrated as a modern, if not post-modern, law. Two provisions of the law have particularly attracted the authors' curiosity. Article 1464 requires both arbitrators and parties to conduct the arbitration proceedings "efficiently" and in "good faith." But what does this dual obligation actually entail and how will it affect parties, counsel and arbitrators? Article 1456 codifies the obligation, previously established by French case law, that an arbitrator must disclose any facts affecting his or her independence or impartiality. In light of the current debate on arbitrator independence and disclosure in France (and beyond), triggered in part by the Tecnimont decision, what is the scope of disclosure pursuant to Article 1456? An ICC perspective provides answers to these questions. Indeed, the ICC is regularly confronted with exactly these issues: allegations of delay, misconduct and lack of full disclosure impacting an arbitrator's independence. This article discusses pertinent ICC cases, which offer a possible interpretation of these two provisions.
4
Stawarska-Rippel, Anna. „Comparative Law and Procedural Law in Poland in 1918–1933 with a Particular Emphasis on the Silesian Voivodeship“. Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 32, Nr. 5 (31.12.2023): 407–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2023.32.5.407-425.
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In 2023, 500 years have passed since the entry into force of the ordinary court procedure in Poland (formula processus iudiciarii, 1523), as well as 90 years since the unification of court procedures in Poland in general and 90 years since the entry into force of the first Polish Code of Civil Procedure (1933). Therefore, this is a special opportunity to refer, in this context, to the first transformation of procedural law in Poland in the 20th century, which took place after World War I, especially in the context of comparative procedural law issues. Applicability of foreign laws in the Polish territories after World War I: Russian, German, Austrian, and Hungarian (in a small area of Spisz and Orawa), as well as Polish-French legislation, gave rise to a complicated and territorial legal mosaic. The codification works undertaken at that time in Poland, unprecedented in Europe or even in the entire world, fell within a period of great development of comparative jurisprudence. They were profound comparative studies, which are proven by the published drafts, together with explanatory memorandums, offering an original synthesis of the legal thought. The considerations made in this article relate to procedural law, which was significantly diversified in the territory of Poland reborn in 1918, especially as regards the model of legal remedies, which gave rise to considerable difficulties in the practice of the system of justice prior to the unification of court procedures. Special attention was paid to the legal situation in the Silesian Voivodeship, being a peculiar microcosm of the legal situation in the entire country.
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Voitovich, Lilia V., Elena A. Nakhova und Elena V. Silina. „The subject of proof and the burden of proof in civil proceedings in the Anglo-Saxon and continental legal systems of foreign countries“. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 14, Nr. 4 (2023): 1062–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.414.
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The article deals with the problems of the concept and legal nature of the subject of proof and the distribution of the burden of proof in civil proceedings in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon and continental legal systems. The authors point out the need for a fundamental revision of the Russian theory of evidence and making the necessary changes to procedural legislation, taking into account the positive experience of the legal regulation of the subject of proof in the procedural legislation of other states and the reception of certain positively tested norms of procedural legislation of foreign countries in terms of the regulation of the subject of proof and the distribution of the burden of proof in Russian procedural legislation. The authors note that the advantage of English and American law is the detailed consolidation of the mechanism of the disclosure of evidence and the sanctions for violation of its order, which amount to the inability to refer to evidence that has not been disclosed in accordance with the established procedure or disclosed with its violation. Currently, the rules for the disclosure of evidence are also fixed in the current civil procedural legislation. The sanctions for violation of the procedure for the disclosure of evidence have not been established. The paper notes that the legislative structure of the active role of the court in evidentiary activities according to the model of the French court could find consolidation in Russian civil proceedings. The authors conclude that the mechanism for determining the subject of proof is fixed in the procedural legislation of Russia, taking into account the type of substantive law applicable to disputed legal relations, detailing the general rule for the distribution of the burden of proof, fixing the mechanism of private rules for the distribution of the burden of proof.
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Đurđevć, Zlata, Marin Bonačić und Marija Pleić. „RULE OF LAW CONCERNS IN THE CROATIAN PENAL ORDER PROCEDURE LINKED TO DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY, JUDICIAL CONTROL, ADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE AND PROCEDURAL RIGHTS“. Pravni vjesnik 37, Nr. 1 (April 2021): 57–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/pv/13884.
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The paper analyses the mechanism of a penal order as a consensual procedure aimed at relieving the criminal justice system in cases of minor criminal offences by avoiding a trial. The study aims to analyse the Croatian normative framework and case law in order to determine the distinctive traits of the penal order procedure in a comparative legal context, disclose the procedural reality and detect its shortcomings. The paper focuses on the substantive and procedural requirements for the issuing of a penal order, the judicial control of the indictment requesting a penal order, the defence rights in the proceedings before the issuing of a penal order and the position of the victim. These key elements were researched through normative, theoretical and comparative analysis of German, Austrian, Italian and French law and conclusions were tested in the case law of the Municipal Criminal Court in Zagreb and the Municipal Court in Split. The results of the research reveal that the expansion of the application of the penal order to graver offences punishable by five years of imprisonment and to more severe penalties such as deprivation of liberty, as well as deviations from some fundamental criminal procedural principles inherent in the penal order procedure, raise the question of providing adequate procedural guarantees for the defendant and the victim.
7
TOLENTINO, C. C., und Paulo Eduardo A. SILVA. „Processo judicial e poder político: práticas inquisitoriais no julgamento de condenação de Joana D’Arc“. Passagens: Revista Internacional de História Política e Cultura Jurídica 13, Nr. 2 (31.05.2021): 191–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.15175/1984-2503-202113202.
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Records on the trial and sentencing for heresy of French warrior Joan of Arc dating to 1431 have been studied by a variety of fields. The present work explores the primary sources and several of these studies in the aim of analyzing the political significance of the forms adopted during the trial. From a perspective poised between the history of law and procedural law, the article clarifies aspects of the practical functioning of the Roman Canon inquisitorial procedure at the end of the Middle Ages, and, more widely, the phenomenon of the capillarization of the political power by means of the production of truth. The article concludes that, although Joan of Arc’s trial was clearly politically motivated, several of its dimensions correspond to the procedural practices of the time, leading us to an understanding that the influence of power over trials does not necessarily manifest in a direct violation of procedural rules, but rather in their very design and the ways in which they are put into operation.
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Mehdi, Rostane. „French supreme courts and European Union law: Between historical compromise and accepted loyalty“. Common Market Law Review 48, Issue 2 (01.04.2011): 439–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2011019.
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Over the past few months, the relations between French supreme courts and EU law seem to have entered an era of reassuring transparency and clarity. This contribution will mainly focus on two rulings rendered by the French supreme courts ("Conseil d'Etat" and "Cour de cassation"), each dealing with an aspect of the relations between national and EU law. The Perreux ruling rendered by the Conseil d'Etat put an end to one of the oldest disputes between itself and the European Court of Justice: the obstinate refusal, since 1978, to recognize the direct effect of directives. By its Melki ruling, the Cour de Cassation made a reference for a preliminary ruling to the ECJ regarding, inter alia, the compatibility of the new French "priority preliminary ruling on the issue of constitutionality" (PPRC) mechanism with EU law. The article tries to show how, in the light of a real rule of reason, the national courts and the ECJ managed to specify the terms of a relationship structured around an unyielding necessity: the protection of fundamental rights. This virtuous dialogue is itself structured by procedural systems which contribute to strengthen decisively the coherence of the European legal order.
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Voinarivskyi, M. „Administrative and economic sanctions under French commercial law“. Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, Nr. 6 (27.12.2023): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.06.53.
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The publication examines the provisions on administrative and economic sanctions of the French Commercial Code and other acts of French legislation. It was concluded that the French experience of regulation of commercial relations is based on complex solutions involving a combination of private-law and public-law regulation.
It is substantiated that during the last century the commercial legislation of France was saturated with public legal provisions. The new French Commercial Code of 2000 incorporated a significant number of provisions that are public law, including administrative and criminal sanctions.
The presence of provisions in the French Commercial legislation, which by nature of administrative influence on business entities can be recognized as administrative and economic sanctions, is established in many spheres of relations. These sanctions include typical penalties imposed on economic entities for antitrust violations, violations of reporting and other rules of conducting commercial activities, as well as other numerous sanctions of an organizational nature. It is substantiated that the disciplinary responsibility of certain professions in commerce defined in the FCC can be qualified as a type of administrative and economic sanctions relevant to the Ukrainian legal sense.
Taking into account the experience of French commercial law, it was concluded that the ideas of reducing the discretion of state bodies when applying sanctions to business to eliminate the risks of corruption and abuse are not confirmed in modern European legislation. It is obvious that this follows from the quite reasonable assumption that the fight against corruption should affect the specific offender, and not destroy the effectiveness of the state's response to offenses, including in the business sphere.
Several trends in the legislative regulation of administrative and economic sanctions in France have been identified, including attempts to solve the problems of the ratio of administrative sanctions and criminal penalties on legal entities, the expansion of judges' approaches to the assessment of administrative sanctions imposed on merchants from the point of view of compliance with procedural provisions and respect for human rights.
It was concluded that the introduction of criminal liability of legal entities into national law cannot take place without an analysis of the problems caused by relevant institutions in foreign countries, in particular in France.
10
Tepe, Berna. „Intermediate Appellate Review of Commercial Law Decisions in Turkey“. EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal 4, Nr. 1 (06.08.2014): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/emaj.2014.51.
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The judiciary in Turkey is still preparing for the expected intermediate appellate review (istinaf) mechanism in Turkey although the official date for its functioning is yet to be specified. Under Turkish law, a first instance court decision can be appealed not because an assertion or a claim is rejected, but due to a substantive or procedural norm of law which should have been applied during the proceedings in an accurate manner. The scope of such review also covers the suitability of the first instance court’s decision. There are nonfunctional aspects to the judicial review as specified in the 2011 Code of Civil Procedure of which a major column of novelties consist of the suspended mechanism of dual appellate review. However, the 2011 Code of Civil Procedure regulates the intermediate appellate review as a series of procedural acts and steps. The reasons to appeal a first instance court’s decision can rather be deduced from the provisions of 2011 Code of Civil Procedure. In order to structure the reasons and stages of the intermediate appellate review in Turkey, a distinction is made in the present article between (i) review over the appeal’s conditions of admissibility, (ii) review of the decision’s legality, (iii) review of the decision’s legitimacy. Rationally, the reasons for intermediate appellate review should be construed as to accomodate at least the grounds for higher appellate review as well as the extraordinary judiciary review. As different areas of private law are based on different principles, it is noteworthy that cases referred to herein pertain to commercial law. Finally, due to the parallelism between the Turkish and the French legal systems, references to decisions given by the French jurisdiction on commercial matters are made throughout the present article.
Dissertationen zum Thema "French procedural law"
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Fauchon, Chloé. „L’effectivité des droits de la défense dans les procédures pénales transfrontières : étude en droit de l’Union européenne, droit français et droit espagnol“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2023/FAUCHON_Chloe_2023_ED101.pdf.
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Qu’il s’agisse de constituer une Union de droit ou d’assurer l’équité des procédures pénales transfrontières, l’Union européenne doit poursuivre un objectif d’effectivité des droits de la défense dans ces procédures. La réalité est toutefois autre ; les droits de la défense ne sont pas effectifs dans les procédures pénales transfrontières, tel que le montre notamment cette thèse à travers l’exemple des procédures entre la France et l’Espagne. Pour que soit accompli cet objectif, nous proposons un certain nombre de mesures. Premièrement, devrait être adopté un instrument normatif de l’Union européenne sur les droits de la défense dans les procédures pénales transfrontières, et, secondement, il est nécessaire de créer des structures opérationnelles européennes permettant de rétablir en pratique l’égalité des armes entre les autorités répressives et la défenseThe European Union, either to constitute a Union with Rule of Law or to ensure fairness in cross-border criminal proceedings, must pursue the objective of effectiveness of defence rights in these proceedings. However, the reality is different; defence rights are not effective in cross-border criminal proceedings, as demonstrated by this thesis through the example of cross-border criminal proceedings between France and Spain. In order to accomplish this goal, we suggest various measures. First of all, a European normative instrument on defence rights in cross-border criminal proceedings should be adopted, and, secondly, it is necessary to create European operational structures to re-establish equality of arms between repressive authorities and the defendant
2
Ahualli, Steinberg Maria Gabriela. „Le terrorisme en droit comparé franco-brésilien“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT3005/document.
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L'évolution du terrorisme dans les trente dernières années a provoqué la réaction de la communauté internationale et celle des États. Un droit pénal d'extrême sévérité baptisé droit pénal de l'ennemi est en train de se développer. L'étude comparée franco-brésilienne des définitions adoptées, des sanctions et des procédures applicables en matière de terrorisme révèle la présence et les limites posés à ce droit, par les principes de la proportionnalité et de la légalité, ces deux principes qui sont devenus le commun dénominateur des toutes législations en matière pénale. De la sorte les idées de dangerosité et de mesures préventives prennent une importance nouvelle, à la fois en droit de fond et en droit procédural. Si ce droit se développe de façon aussi rapide actuellement, c'est en raison du fait que les infractions terroristes sont à la fois, et dans de nombreux pays, plus nombreuses et en même temps plus dévastatricesThe evolution of terrorism along the last 30 years has provoked the reaction from the international community just as from the nations. An extremely severe criminal law, named enemy criminal law, is being developed. The Franco Brazilian comparative study of terrorism definitions, sanctions and applicable procedures reveals the presence and the limits imposed to this law by the principles of proportionality and legality, principles that became the common denominator of all legislations in criminal matters. In this way, the concepts of dangerousness and preventive measures take a new importance, in both substantial and procedural law. If this law is being developed so fast lately, it is due to the fact that the terrorist attempts are, in several countries, in greater number and more destructive
3
Scheid, Carlos Eduardo. „A busca pela legitimidade da jurisdição penal frente às exigências do Estado democrático (e social) de direito: a necessidade de se alcançar a resposta constitucionalmente adequada (ao acusado e à sociedade) a partir de uma releitura do princípio acusatório“. Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2012. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4192.
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No seio de um Estado Democrático (e Social) de Direito, sobremaneira em países com modernidade em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil, o Poder Judiciário acaba ocupando um lugar de destaque na sociedade, sendo, em muitos casos, invocado para suprir a inércia dos demais Poderes (Executivo e Legislativo) no que tange à efetivação das políticas sociais, e também para dirimir conflitos cujos interesses pularam de um caráter puramente individual para um coletivo. Igualmente, modificou-se, no desenvolvimento das concepções de Estado, a relação do magistrado com a lei, na medida em que os novos textos constitucionais passaram a exigir uma filtragem da legislação federal, analisando-se seu conteúdo material. Em sede de Direito Penal, verifica-se a existência de uma crise por sua expansão. Seu direcionamento projetou-se para um campo de atuação verdadeiramente estranho à sua matriz iluminista/burguesa/individualista. Ou seja, atualmente, suas baterias estão voltadas ao combate de uma criminalidade que pretende lesar interesses coletivos e que, no mais das vezes, se desenvolve em um plano mais veloz e globalizado. Afora isso, avultam fatores outros (como a mídia e as normas penais em branco) que possibilitam e fomentam uma maior (e mais perigosa) discricionariedade ao magistrado no ato de decidir. Em síntese, o Direito Penal está em crise, mormente se levarmos em linha de conta seus mais variados influxos legislativos, que antecipam suas barreiras de proteção, dando-se-lhe caráter administrativo. Não obstante, verifica-se, no cotidiano acadêmico e forense brasileiro, um "estado da arte" gerado pelo positivismo jurídico, que gera uma "guerra de sentidos de todos os intérpretes contra todos os intérpretes", possibilitando inúmeras decisões dissociadas do sentido da Constituição Federal, sendo costumeiras inúmeras arbitrariedades e decisionismos. Enfim, as decisões judiciais têm importante relevo na quadra atual da história, porque a legitimidade do Poder Judiciário passa a ser analisada caso a caso, pelas partes e pela sociedade, por meio dos seus discursos justificativos. É, pois, dentro desse (complicado) cenário, que a presente tese se desenvolve no sentido de evidenciar como deve se concretizar a decisão judicial para, além de ser válida e legítima sob a perspectiva constitucional, vencer as crises acima aventadas. Para tanto, vale-se do método fenomenológico e da hermenêutica filosófica, encampando-se a teoria da resposta adequada à Constituição Federal, advogando-se em prol de uma decisão judicial fundada em uma (re)leitura do princípio acusatório.
In a (social) democratic State, especially in developing countries like Brazil, the Judiciary has occupied a prominent role in society. It is – several times – expected to act facing the inertia of the other powers (executive and legislative), regarding the effectiveness of social policies, and it is also expected to solve conflicts whose interests changed from a purely individual to a collective ground. Likewise, the relation of the magistrate with the law has changed, to the extent that the new constitutional texts require a federal filtering, their material content being analyzed. There is a crisis in Criminal Law, because of its expansion. Its goals have been changed for a field truly foreign to its original illuminist/bourgeois/individualistic nature. In other words, nowadays, their batteries are aimed at combating a kind of crime that aims at harming the collective interests and, in most cases, that is developing in a more globalized and a faster fashion. Apart from that, other factors are playing their role (as the media and the criminal blank laws), enabling and encouraging a greater (and more dangerous) discretion concering the magistrate when he or she acts. To sum up, Criminal Law is in crisis, especially if we take into account its various legislative inflows, anticipating its protective barriers, giving it an administrative nature. Nevertheless, in the day to day forensics and academic practice in Brazil, a “state of the art” generated by legal positivism is practiced, which generates a “war of the meanings where all interpreters are against all interpreters”, allowing many decisions to be dissociated from the Federal Constitution, and many arbitrary and customary decicionisms. Finally, judicial decisions have an important emphasis on the court’s current history, because the legitimacy of the judiciary shall be assessed case by case by the parties and society, through their justificative speeches. It is therefore within this (complicated) scenario that this thesis is developed, in order to reveal how court decisions should be implemented to be legitimate and valid under the constitutional perspective, and to overcome the crisis mentioned early. To this end, the phenomenological method and philosophical hermeneutics are called, expropriating the theory of adequate response to the Federal Constitution, advocating in favor of a judicial decision based on a (re) reading of the accusatory principle.
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Oudoul, Audrey. „L'impartialité des magistrats dans la procédure pénale françaises à l'aune du droit de la convention EDH“. Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF10500/document.
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Cette étude de l’impartialité des magistrats dans la procédure pénale française à l’aune du droit de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme propose une analyse renouvelée de ce principe, clé de voûte, d’un procès pénal juste.Tout d’abord, l’objet de l’étude induit de définir le principe d’impartialité grâce au droit conventionnel. Ce dernier a forgé le principe d’impartialité et est encore retentissant en la matière. Cependant, la théorisation d’ampleur des appréciations conventionnelles relatives à l’impartialité faisant défaut, la présente étude a vocation de remédier à cette carence. La définition conventionnelle de l’impartialité sert de socle à la présente étude et l’analyse de la jurisprudence conventionnelle, relative à l’impartialité, permettra de déterminer les points de convergence ou de divergence entre le droit conventionnel et le droit français. Ensuite, l’impartialité est soutenue, permise par divers principes de procédures ; l’indépendance, la collégialité, la publicité, la motivation, la séparation des fonctions, l’oralité, le contradictoire, qui n’ont pas la même intensité selon la procédure pénale envisagée. L’étude de la teneur des principes procéduraux soutiens de l’impartialité, devant les juridictions de droit commun et les juridictions spécialisées, permet de déterminer les disparités de garanties de l’impartialité dans la procédure pénale française. En outre, la question de l’impartialité des magistrats avant le jugement se pose avec beaucoup d’acuité. D’une part, le droit conventionnel s’est prononcé récemment sur l’extension ou non du principe d’impartialité en amont du jugement. D’autre part, le juge d’instruction dont la suppression est souvent envisagée comme une solution favorable à la procédure pénale, par ceux qui souhaitent le voir disparaitre, n’est pas opportune au regard du principe d’impartialité. L’étude permettra de démontrer que la phase d’instruction, bien que perfectible, apporte, une réelle plus-value à l’impartialité dans la procédure pénale et qu’au contraire, l’impartialité des magistrats du parquet est soit sporadique, soit absenteThis study about magistrates impartiality in the french criminal procedure in the light of the law of the European Convention on Human Rights focuses on a renewed analysis of this key principle during a fair trial.Firstly, the object of this study leads to the definition of the principle of impartiality thanks to the law of the ECHR that still molds it.However, the absence of theorising conventional appreciations regarding impartiality leads us to find a solution to this deficiency. The conventional definition of impartiality serves as a base to this study. The analysis of the ECHR jurisprudence regarding impartiality enables the determination of the converging and divergent elements between french and conventional law.Furthermore, impartiality is allowed thanks to various procedural principles : independance, collegiality, public disclosure, motivation, the separation between presiding judges and the prosecution services, orality, hearings in court with both parties. The study of the content of procedural principles as a support to impartiality, during proceedings in front of common and specialized jurisdictions, enables the determination of the differences of the garanties of impartiality during the french criminal procedure.In addition, the question of the magistrates impartiality before judgement has to be tackled with much acuteness. This is the reason why the suppression of the examining judge (juge d’instruction), often wanted by some, is not appropriate as far as impartiality is concerned. This study shows and proves that the inquiry, even if improvable, brings a real added-value to impartiality during the criminal procedure and that, on the contrary the prosecution services impartiality is either sporadic or absent
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Mnaouri, Abderrafia. „Approche comparée de l'appareil législatif franco-marocain en matière de lutte contre le terrorisme“. Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0025/document.
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Les États ont déployé d’immenses efforts pour la mise en place d’un système efficace de coopération internationale et régionale pour lutter contre le terrorisme. Cependant, sur le plan international la coopération s’appuie sur des conventions sectorielles visant à réprimer certains actes graves tels ceux portant atteinte à l’aviation civile. Sur le plan régional, la convention européenne relative à la répression du terrorisme, la décision-cadre sur la lutte contre le terrorisme ainsi que la convention arabe sur la lutte contre le terrorisme comportent la majeure partie des mesures prises en matière de lutte conter le terrorisme. La France, historiquement concernée par le terrorisme, et le Maroc pour lequel le phénomène est nouveau, ont vu dans la lutte contre le terrorisme un moyen de renforcer leur corpus juridique déjà existant. Ainsi en matière de lutte contre le terrorisme, les deux législateurs ont soit emprunté des infractions au droit commun, soit créé d’autres qui sont nouvelles. Toutefois, la lutte juridique contre le terrorisme ne peut atteindre ses objectifs sans que les causes quien constituent le socle fertile soient éradiquées d’abordStates deployed huge efforts in order to set up an efficient international and regional cooperation system to combat terrorism. However, international cooperation is based on sectorial conventions treating just certain grave acts such as those constituting a threat to civil aviation. Regionally, the European convention on the suppression of terrorism, the framework decision on combating terrorism and the Arab convention against terrorism include the major part of the measures taken in the context of the fight against terrorism. France, historically concerned with terrorism, and Moroccoto whom the phenomenon is new, have considered the fight against terrorism as a means to reinforce their judicial corpus already set up. So, aiming to combat terrorism the two legislators have either borrowed existing offences from the common law, or created new offences. However, judicial fight against terrorism can’t reach its objectives without first eradicating causes that constitute a fertile terrain for it
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Sakellari, Eirini. „L'efficacité du plan de cession en droit français et en droit grec“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3005.
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Le plan de cession est un mécanisme de sauvetage des entreprises en difficulté existant aussi bien en droit français qu’en droit grec. Il constitue le mécanisme de sauvetage le plus efficace grâce à ses caractéristiques et techniques ainsi que grâce au rôle des acteurs de la procédure. Néanmoins, il connaît certains défauts auxquels il doit être remédié afin qu’il atteigne son véritable potentiel d’efficacité. Ces améliorations concernent principalement le rôle des organes dans la procédure et le déroulement de la procédure elle-même. Mais le plus grand défi pour la promotion du plan de cession est le manque d’éducation et de culture du sauvetage chez les juristes et plus largement dans le milieu des entreprises. Il est ainsi nécessaire de les développer pour que son efficacité devienne parfaite. Le plan de cession en droit grec étant moins achevé que son équivalent français, il peut profiter de certaines dispositions du Code de commerce français et ainsi devenir un mécanisme plus complet et plus opérationnelThe business transfer plan is a rescue mechanism for enterprises which are in distress. It exists both in French and Greek law. It is the most efficient rescue mechanism thanks to its characteristics as well as to the role of the actors of the procedure. However, it has some defects which need to be corrected so that it reaches its true potential of efficiency. These improvements concern mainly the role of the organs in the procedure and the progress of the procedure itself. The biggest challenge for the promotion of the business transfer plan is the lack of education and rescue culture within the jurists and more broadly within the enterprises. It is necessary to develop those so that the plan’s efficiency becomes perfect. The plan in Greek law is less developed than in French law. It can thus take advantage of certain provisions of the French Commercial code and become a more complete and more operational mechanism
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Berté, Pierre. „Genèse du Code de la Nationalité Française : (1789-1927)“. Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40037/document.
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La thèse se propose de retracer et d’expliciter, à travers l’évolution des règles du droit de la nationalité française, la signification et le contenu de la loi du 10 août 1927, qui la première fut qualifiée de code de la nationalité. En adoptant sur le sujet un angle d’étude nouveau et en conduisant une analyse systématique et essentiellement juridique des fondements ainsi que des conséquences de l’adoption de telle ou telle règle du droit de la nationalité, nous montrons comment et pourquoi les critères traditionnels du droit commun de la nationalité furent progressivement modifiés non seulement en fonction de grands évènements historiques, mais également en raison des effets juridiques (droits et obligations) que la nation entendait conférer à la qualité de Français. Au cours de cette évolution nous insistons d’autre part sur l’influence décisive de différentes branches du droit français (privé, public, pénal, procédural, international), et sur celle des droits spéciaux de la nationalité (traités, conventions, droit colonial). Ceci conditionne la nature juridique et donc l’architecture du droit de la nationalité depuis la restructuration du coeur de ce droit (1789-1804) jusqu’à l’ébauche d’un corps de droit (1804-1889) et enfin la préparation d’un code (1889-1927). L’ensemble du processus aboutit en 1927 à l’émergence d’une matière juridique autonome, certes non encore parfaitement identifiée, codifiée, harmonisée dans toutes ses branches, mais suffisamment distincte pour qu’elle soit placée en dehors du Code civilThe purpose of this study is to explain, through the evolution of French Nationality rules, theorigins and the meanings of the 10 august 1927 Law. This law was the first legal text to beseen as a nationality code. We set out how and why the usual requirements of nationality havebeen progressively modified since 1789 to 1927, not only under the influence of historicalevents, but also in relation with legal effects expected (rights and obligations) by the FrenchNation. Following this evolution, we pay a particular attention to several parts of the Frenchlaw (private, public, penal, international or procedural) and special rules (treaties, conventions,colonial law) linked to nationality. Since the restructuration of its heart until the making of acode, we examine the evolution of the legal corpus. In 1927, at the end of the general process,a legal and autonomous subject appears: even if it is not yet entirely identified, codified andharmonised in all its parts, it can take place out of the French Civil Code
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Ospina-Garzón, Andrés Fernando. „L'activité contentieuse de l'administration en droit français et colombien“. Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020029/document.
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La résolution des litiges est couramment considérée comme une fonction exclusivement juridictionnelle. Les recours portés devant les juridictions sont appelés recours contentieux et la procédure juridictionnelle serait la procédure contentieuse. Devant l’administration, la procédure serait non contentieuse et les recours seraient des pétitions gracieuses. Or, tant l’administration française que l’administration colombienne tranchent quotidiennement des litiges dans l’exercice d’une fonction contentieuse qui n’est pas nouvelle. Dès lors, l’exclusivité juridictionnelle du contentieux n’est qu’une vision déformée de l’organisation du pouvoir. La résolution administrative des litiges est l’une des prérogatives de puissance publique dont dispose l’administration. Elle se caractérise par son caractère accessoire de la mission administrative principale; il s’agit d’un instrument de la réalisation des finalités de l’action administrative. L’administration tranche les litiges dans l’exercice de sa fonction administrative : les décisions administratives contentieuses n’ont pas force de chose jugée, pouvant être l’objet du contrôle juridictionnel qui décidera définitivement le litige. Cette fonction administrative est conforme à la théorie de la séparation des pouvoirs dont l’interprétation séparatiste ne se réalise ni en France ni en Colombie. Cependant, l’administration n’exerce pas sa fonction contentieuse à chaque fois qu’un recours administratif est exercé, qu’une procédure de sanction administrative est entamée ou qu’un litige opposant deux particuliers est porté à la décision de l’administration. L’activité contentieuse de l’administration exige qu’un véritable contentieux soit présenté à l’administration, que ce contentieux se matérialise devant l’administration et qu’elle tranche unilatéralement le fond du litige. Dans ce cas, l’administration n’exerce une fonction ni matériellement juridictionnelle ni quasi contentieuse, mais une véritable fonction contentieuseDispute resolution activity is commonly considered as a wholly judicial function. Judicial actions against the administration and the procedure followed by Courts would be referred as “contentious”, while actions and procedures before administrative bodies would be described as “non-contentious”. Still, both Colombian and French administrations may resolve disputes on a daily basis as a result of longstanding “contentious” missions. Therefore, a vision that reduces this “contentious” to the solely judicial activity distorts this reality in power organization theory. The administrative resolution of disputes is an incidental prerogative of the public administration. It is characterized by its attachment to the main administrative mission, it is an instrument for the purposes of administrative action. The administration resolves disputes as part of its administrative function: administrative “contentious” decisions have not the force of a final judgment, and could be subject to judicial review. Administrative “contentious” missions seem to conform to a non-rigid vision of the separation of powers shared by Colombian and French systems. However, the administration does not performs a “contentious” activity every time an administrative action or an administrative sanction procedure is undertaken, or when it has to decide a controversy opposing two individuals. Administrative “contentious” activity demands a real “contentious” to be materialized before the administration, which also decides the bottom of the dispute. In that case, the administration does not perform a judicial or quasi-judicial mission, but just a real “contentious” mission
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Le, Verge Matthieu. „Les règlements intérieurs de la Chambre des pairs et de la Chambre des députés sous la Restauration : la souveraineté des Chambres entre 1814 et 1830“. Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0064.
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La Charte du 4 juin 1814, fruit d’un octroi gracieux du Roi Louis XVIII, affirme dès son préambule que « l’autorité tout entière [réside] en France dans la personne du Roi », ce qui a pour conséquence de reconnaître explicitement sa pleine souveraineté à l’exclusion de toute autre. Même s’il n’est nullement question de rétablir une monarchie absolue, étant donné que le Roi accepte de limiter ses pouvoirs dans le cadre d’une monarchie limitée, ces limites n’existent que dans les bornes qu’il a lui-même fixées. En conséquence, les deux Chambres, la Chambre des pairs et la Chambre des députés, instaurées par le nouveau régime ne peuvent, de prime abord, prétendre à l’exercice d’une quelconque souveraineté puisqu’elles tiennent uniquement leurs pouvoirs de la Charte. Or, puisqu’aux termes de l’article 15 de la Charte, les Chambres exercent collectivement « la puissance législative » avec le Roi, on ne peut que constater qu’elles détiennent médiatement une parcelle de souveraineté. Pour cette raison, les Chambres ne sont pas des organes constitués comme les autres, et leurs délibérations revêtent une importance fondamentale eu égard aux attributions qui sont les leurs constitutionnellement. La portée de leurs Règlements intérieurs respectifs, de même que les pratiques complémentaires pouvant en découler, est alors loin d’être négligeable, et il serait erroné de réduire toutes ces règles à de simples mesures de police intérieure. En effet, en pratique, les Chambres interprètent librement et largement les textes, notamment la Charte constitutionnelle, ce qui leur permet d’élaborer un ordre juridique parlementaire propre avec beaucoup plus de liberté qu’on ne pourrait le penserThe Constitutional Charter of 4 June 1814 results from King Louis XVIII’s free will and states in its preamble that “the entire authority [lies] in the King’s person in France” which means to expressly recognize his full sovereignty to the exclusion of any other entity. Even if restoring an absolute monarchy is out of the question – as the King accepts to limit his powers in the context of limited monarchy – these limits exist, in theory, only within confines set by the King himself. Therefore, both Houses, the House of Peers and the House of Deputies, cannot, at first sight, claim the exercise of any sovereignty in their internal legal order, considering they hold their power from the Constitutional Charter. However, as under the terms of article 15 of the Constitutional Charter, both Houses collectively exercise “legislative power” with the King, it must be recognised that they mediately hold a portion of sovereignty. For this reason, they are not constituted bodies like the others, and their deliberations are essential in accordance with their constitutionnal powers. The scop of their respective Rules of Procedure, as well as the additional practices which may result therefrom, is far from insignificant, and it would be wrong to reduce all these rules to mere internal police measures. Indeed, in practice, both Houses freely and widely interpret the texts, in particular the Constitutionnal Charter, which allow them to draw up their own parliamentary legal order with much more freedom than one might think
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Alsaif, Dalal. „L'appréhension de la criminalité organisée. Étude comparative des droits français et koweïtien“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT3001.
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La lutte contre la criminalité organisée est, aujourd'hui, une des priorités nationales et internationales. Pour ce faire, les États n'adoptent pas cependant toujours les mêmes solutions, comme le montre l'étude comparative des droits français et koweïtien. Sur le plan substantiel, les deux droits ont de nombreux points communs. La criminalité organisée n'a en effet pas été incriminée en tant que telle, aussi bien par le législateur français que koweïtien. Il existe cependant dans ces deux droits plusieurs incriminations permettant d'appréhender ce phénomène criminel. Il s'agit donc ou bien de lutter contre les organisations criminelles, via l'association de malfaiteurs ou l'entente criminelle, ou bien de lutter contre les activités criminelles commises par ces organisations, via la circonstance aggravante de bande organisée ou de groupe criminel organisé. Pour lutter contre la criminalité organisée, les deux droits adoptent également une politique répressive adaptée notamment en permettant aux repentis de bénéficier d'une exemption ou éventuellement d'une réduction de peine lors qu'ils collaborent avec la justice. Sur le plan procédural, les deux droits ont en revanche adopté une approche différente. Le droit français a prévu, en ce domaine, des règles de procédure dérogatoires au droit commun et a donné compétence à des juridictions spécialisées (les JIRS). Le droit koweïtien, quant à lui, se contente des règles procédurales et des juridictions de droit commun pour appréhender la criminalité organisée. Sur cet aspect, si la spécialisation des juridictions françaises ne semble guère transposable en droit koweïtien, le législateur du Koweït pourrait s'inspirer des règles dérogatoires prévues en droit français pour mieux appréhender la criminalité organiséeThe fight against organized crime is today one of the national and international priorities. To do so, however, the countries do not always adopt the same solutions, as shown by the comparative study of French and Kuwaiti laws. Substantially, the two laws have many points in common. Organized crime has not actually been criminalized as such by French and Kuwaiti legislators. There are, however, several criminalizations to apprehend this criminal phenomenon in these two laws. It is either to fight against criminal organizations, via the conspiracy (association de malfaiteurs/entente criminelle), or to fight against the criminal activities committed by these organizations, via the aggravating circumstance of organized criminal group (bande organisée/groupe criminel organisé). To fight against organized crime, both laws also adopt an adapted repressive policy that allows the collaborator of justice to be exempted from penalty or to benefit from a reduction of the sentence. Procedurally, the two laws have adopted different approaches. The French law contains some special criminal procedures, applicable to organized crime, that derogate from ordinary criminal procedures. It also conferred on the specialized courts the competence to adjudicate the organized crime cases (the JIRS). The Kuwaiti law, on the other hand, is content with relying on ordinary criminal procedures and ordinary courts to apprehend organized crime. On this aspect, if the specialization of the French courts does not seem to be transposable into Kuwaiti law, the latter can adopt the French special criminal procedures to better combat organized crime
Bücher zum Thema "French procedural law"
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France. The French civil code. Littleton, Colo: Rothman, 1995.
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McKillop, Bron. Anatomy of a French murder case. Leichhardt, N.S.W: Hawkins Press, 1997.
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George, Cumming. Civil procedure used for enforcement of EC competition law by the English, French, and German civil courts. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, 2007.
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George, Cumming. Civil procedure used for enforcement of EC competition law by the English, French, and German civil courts. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, 2007.
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Nihon no keiji saiban yōgo kaisetsu: Eigo, Doitsugo, Furansugo, Supeingo = Glossary of Japanese criminal procedure in English, German, French and Spanish. Tōkyō: Akashi Shoten, 2013.
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W, Edbury P., und Giovanni, di Ibelin, 13th cent., Hrsg. John of Ibelin: Le livre des assises. Leiden: Brill, 2003.
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Volcansek, Mary L. Judicial selection: The cross-evolution of French and American practices. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.
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Goirand, Léopold. The French Code of commerce and most usual commercial laws: With a theoretical and practical commentary and a compendium of the judicial organisation and of tile [i.e. the] course of procedure before the tribunals of commerce, together with the text of the law, the most recent decisions of the courts, and a glossary of French judicial terms. Holmes Beach, Fla: Gaunt, 1999.
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Ladenburger, Clemens. Verfahrensfehlerfolgen im französischen und im deutschen Verwaltungsrecht: Die Auswirkung von Fehlern des Verwaltungsverfahrens auf die Sachentscheidung = Les conséquences des irrégularités procédurales en droit administratif français et allemand = The impacts of irregularities of the administrative procedure in French and German administrative law. Berlin: Springer, 1999.
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France. The Code Napoleon: Verbally translated from the French to which is prefixed an introductory discourse, containing a succinct account of the civil regulations, comprised in the Jewish law, the ordinances of Menu, the Ta Tsing Leu Lee, the Zend Avesta, the laws of Solon, the twelve tables of Rome, the laws of the Barbarians, the Assises of Jerusalem, and the Koran. Clark, N.J: Lawbook Exchange, 2003.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "French procedural law"
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Winch, Phoebe D. „State Immunity and the Execution of Investment Arbitration Awards“. In Public Actors in International Investment Law, 57–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58916-5_4.
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AbstractThe doctrine of state immunity occupies a fundamental place in international law. The application of the doctrine, largely left to the national laws of states, is not consistent. One particular area of inconsistency is the treatment of the plea of state immunity from execution of arbitral awards resulting from investor-state disputes. The issue of state immunity from execution has come to the fore in light of a number of recent attempts by award-creditors to attach their awards against the assets of a foreign state located in jurisdictions considered to be “pro-enforcement”, such as France and Belgium. This chapter considers the plea of state immunity and the execution of investment arbitration awards from the perspective of the forum state. In particular, it addresses the introduction of procedural and substantive amendments to French and Belgian laws on state immunity following these attempts by award-creditors to seize foreign state assets located in their respective jurisdictions. The chapter posits a way forward for investors seeking to navigate the landscape governing state immunity from execution.
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Annamayer, Elodie. „An Energy Justice Exploration to the Revival of the Solar Thermal Energy in France“. In Just Transitions, 57–61. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-46282-5_9.
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AbstractAt a time when the French authorities are defining the future energy and climate programme law, the question of diversifying renewable energy sources is being raised more than ever. In this context, the revitalisation of the solar thermal sector seems to be the ideal solution. The energy justice framework should provide a useful prism through which to determine the legal restructuring of this sector, which, despite many expectations, is not yet fully operational. The means by which individuals gain access to the services offered by solar thermal technologies (e.g. financial support) should then be examined. The aim would then be to avoid a perception of social injustice for the most vulnerable households. Solutions for procedural justice (access to information) and distributive justice (subsidies to households) need to be rethought and better defined. Finally, the measures taken by the French authorities over the last ten years have probably not been sufficient to make the consumer a key actor in the production of solar thermal energy.
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Cadiet, Loïc. „Sources and Destiny of French Civil Procedure in a Globalized World“. In Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 63–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21981-3_4.
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Petrochilos, Georgios. „The Law of the Arbitration in National Laws“. In Procedural Law In International Arbitration, 47–108. Oxford University PressOxford, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199249480.003.0003.
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Abstract The first two sections of this chapter contain a comparative analysis of state practice. They seek to show how various representative national laws, and the UNCITRAL Model Law, accommodate party autonomy in the choice of the law of the arbitration and how, in order to do that, the concept of the ‘seat’ of the arbitration was developed. The third section proposes a theory of jurisdiction to control and assist international arbitral proceedings in conformity with modern state practice. This section contains a historical overview of Greek, German, French, and English arbitration law.
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Peter, Sester. „3 Extra-contractual Civil Liability (Tort Law) and Compliance“. In Business and Investment in Brazil. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192848123.003.0003.
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This chapter will focus on tort law but also introduce the topic of compliance. For the purpose of this book compliance is understood in a procedural manner. Under this approach, compliance is about the creation, implementation, and supervision of procedural rules adopted by organizations to measure operational results and avoid costs caused by the violation of laws, regulations, internal rules on risk management, soft law, and the predominant moral and ethical standards of society. The provisions of the Brazilian Civil Code on extra-contractual civil liability (tort law) have been inspired by French law. Therefore, that comparison will be emphasized. Although liability normally requires fault, strict liability has been fostered by the legislator over the decades. The chapter will focus on those issues of classical tort law and strict liability that are important for risk analyses conducted prior to investing and deal making. It will also discuss the issue of piercing the corporate veil.
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Bourguiba, Leïla. „Is the Opposition Between Civil Law and Common Law Criminal Procedure the Lock or Key to International(ized) Tribunals’ Success?“ In The President on Trial, 282–94. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858621.003.0034.
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This chapter offers a comparative consideration of the efficacy of civil versus common law in adjudicating atrocity crimes, using the example of the French war crimes unit prosecution practice. On 16 October 2017, representatives of international criminal courts and tribunals met in France at the French National School for the Judiciary. Their meeting resulted in the signing of a Declaration on the effectiveness of international criminal justice (Paris Declaration). In gathering professionals from international courts and tribunals where the need to comply with founding texts and specific procedures can challenge those who, by habit, comfort, or conviction, draw on their national practise to interpret and apply the rules of procedure, the question of common versus civil law practice was the implicit focus. The Paris Declaration was adopted at a time when disappointment towards the ‘efficiency’ of international(ized) tribunals and courts is high. They are considered too slow and too costly. In this context, it is not unusual to hear that international trials would be better managed and more efficient if they borrowed more elements of ‘civil law’ on their ‘common law’ foundation. The chapter then describes the main characteristics of each procedural system to help identify which procedural model has been favoured before international(ized) tribunals. It also asks whether national investigation and prosecution of core international crimes are more efficient.
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Rowan, Solène. „Unfair Terms and the Rebalancing of Contracts“. In The New French Law of Contract, 135—C7.N98. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810872.003.0007.
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Abstract This chapter focuses on unfair terms and the rebalancing of contracts. While some contracts can end due to procedural unfairness, substantive fairness is mostly regarded by the parties than the courts. However, courts could still interfere under the name of substantive fairness. Civil Code's Article 1168 covers the new articles regulating the equilibrium of the contract as the validity correlates to consent, capacity, and content. Thus, parties are free to determine their respective bargains’ substantive content and economic balance. On the other hand, articles 1169, 1170, and 1171 introduced new exceptions to article 1168 through its Civil Code reforms to preserve the interests of the alleged weakest party.
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Costa, Delphine. „Administrative Procedure and Judicial Review in France“. In Judicial Review of Administration in Europe, 50–52. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867609.003.0007.
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This chapter describes administrative procedure and judicial review in France. In French public law, no constitutional provision provides for judicial review of administrative measures. Nor is there a convention providing for judicial review of administrative measures. This is only envisaged by the laws and regulations, in particular the Administrative Justice Code and the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration. The administrative courts exercise extensive control over the acts or measures of the public administration, including both individual decisions and regulatory acts, but some are nonetheless beyond judicial review. Where an act or measure is contested on procedural grounds, judicial review takes place only under certain conditions: the procedural defect must have deprived the applicant of a guarantee or it must have influenced the meaning of the decision taken. Two types of judicial remedy exist in administrative law: it is therefore up to the applicant to limit their application before the administrative judge.
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Duong, Kevin. „Regicide and Redemptive Violence in the French Revolution“. In The Virtues of Violence, 20–52. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190058418.003.0002.
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This chapter describes how Jacobins crafted a new language of violence during the trial and execution of Louis XVI in the French Revolution: the language of redemptive violence. The execution of the king served as a founding act of French republican democracy. It was also a scene of irregular justice: no legal warrants or procedural precedents existed for bringing a king to justice before the law. Regicide as redemptive violence helped bypass that obstacle. Although redemptive violence had roots in prerevolutionary notions of penal justice and social cohesion, its philosophical ambitions were revolutionary and modern. Analyzing that language illuminates how republican democracy weaponized a distinctive ideology of extralegal violence at its origins. It also helps explain redemptive violence’s enduring appeal during and after the French Revolution.
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Perroud, Thomas. „Government Liability in France“. In Tort Liability of Public Authorities in European Laws, 46–49. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867555.003.0005.
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Some distinctive features characterize the French legal system. First, there is no formal provision in the French Constitution concerning public authority liability. However, some general principles of liability exist. Another important distinctive feature is that the principles governing administrative liability are traditionally part of a wholly separate body of law. The Conseil d’Etat defined and refined such principles, though a closer analysis shows that such body of law is increasingly similar to that which governs the relationship between private bodies. Two further procedural and substantive features, respectively, are that a formal request may be made to the administration and that illegality connotes fault, and hence liability.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "French procedural law"
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Mocanu, Mihaela Cristina. „COMPARATIVE LAW APPROACHES REGARDING THE REMEDY OF REEXAMINATION IN ROMANIAN AND FRENCH CIVIL PROCEDURES“. In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on POLITICAL SCIENCES, LAW, FINANCE, ECONOMICS AND TOURISM. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b21/s5.071.
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Rovinelli, Andrea, Mark C. Messner und T. L. Sham. „A Comprehensive Comparison Between Different Multiaxial Cycle Counting Procedure“. In ASME 2021 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2021-62067.
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Abstract High-temperature nuclear design codes, such as Section III, Division 5 of the American ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and the French RCC-MRx, require evaluating fatigue damage for qualifying high-temperature components. Both codes provide clear guidance for counting cycles under uniaxial loading conditions, but neither provides a cycle counting procedure for multiaxial loading conditions. The ASTM E1049 also does not address multiaxial cycle counting. However, several widely utilized multiaxial cycle counting procedures are available in the open literature, but there is no agreement on the most appropriate method for high-temperature applications. Applying the different cycle counting methods to the same loading history generally produces different results. Comparisons between cycle counting procedures are available for low-temperature high-cycle fatigue but not for high-temperature low-cycle dwell-fatigue applications. This work presents an extensive comparison between different multiaxial cycle counting procedures potentially suitable for high-temperature low-cycle dwell-fatigue applications. Furthermore, how to conservatively assemble design transients to construct a loading history is also an open question. This work also investigates the uncertainty related to the loading sequence. The results guide the selection of the most appropriate cycle counting procedure, strain range metric, and cycle distribution for ASME Section III, Division 5 applications.
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Kayser, Y., S. Marie, M. H. Lacire, S. Chapuliot und B. Drubay. „A French Guideline for Defect Assessment at Elevated Temperature and Leak Before Break Analysis“. In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2030.
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A large program is performed in France in order to develop, for the design and operating FBR plants, defect assessment procedures and Leak-Before-Break methods (L.B.B.). The main objective of this A16 guide is to propose analytical solutions at elevated temperature coherent with those proposed at low temperature by the RSE-M (RSE-M, 1997). The main items developed in this A16 guide for laboratory specimen, plates, pipes and elbows are the following: • Evaluation of ductile crack initiation and crack propagation based on the J parameter and material characteristics as JR-Δa curve or Ji / Gfr. Algorithms to evaluate the maximum endurable load under increasing load for through wall cracks or surface cracks are also proposed. • Determination of fatigue or creep-fatigue crack initiation based on the σd approach calculating stress and strain at a characteristic distance d from the crack tip. • Evaluation of fatigue crack growth based on da/dN-ΔKeff relationship with a ΔKeff derived from a simplified estimation of ΔJ for the cyclic load. • Evaluation of creep-fatigue crack growth adding the fatigue crack growth and the creep crack growth during the hold time derived from a simplified evaluation of C*. • Leak-Before-Break procedure. The fracture mechanic parameters determined in the A16 guide (KI, J, C*) are derived from handbooks and formula in accordance with those proposed in the RSE-M document for in service inspection. Those are: • The KI handbook for a large panel of surface and through-wall defects in plates, pipes and elbows. • Elastic stress and reference stress formula. • Analytical Js and Cs* formulations for mechanical and through thickness thermal load. The main part of the formula and assessment methodologies proposed in the A16 guide are included in a software, called MJSAM, developed under the MS Windows environment in support of the document. This allows a simple application of the analysis proposed in the document.
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Le Goaller, C., C. Doutreluingne, M. A. Berton und O. Doucet. „Final Cleanup of Buildings Within in Legacy French Research Facilities: Strategy, Tools and Lessons Learned“. In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7132.
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This paper describes the methodology followed by the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) to decommission the buildings of former research facilities for demolition or possible reuse. It is a well known fact that the French nuclear safety authority has decided not to define any general release level for the decommissioning of nuclear facilities, thus effectively prohibiting radiological measurement-driven decommissioning. The decommissioning procedure therefore requires an intensive in-depth examination of each nuclear plant. This requires a good knowledge of the past history of the plant, and should be initiated as early as possible. The paper first describes the regulatory framework recently unveiled by the French Safety Authority, then, reviews its application to ongoing decommissioning projects. The cornerstone of the strategy is the definition of waste zoning in the buildings to segregate areas producing conventional waste from those generating nuclear waste. After dismantling, suitable measurements are carried out to confirm the conventional state of the remaining walls. This requires low-level measurement methods providing a suitable detection limit within an acceptable measuring time. Although this generally involves particle counting and in-situ low level gamma spectrometry, the paper focuses on γ spectrometry. Finally, the lessons learned from ongoing projects are discussed.
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Uddin, M. F., G. M. Wilkowski, R. E. Kurth, F. W. Brust, D. J. Shim und D. Rudland. „Comparison of Different Thermal Aging Models to Assess Fully Aged Toughness in Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels“. In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45790.
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Thermal embrittlement of cast austenitic stainless steels (CASS) occurs at reactor operating temperatures during the reactor design lifetime of 40 years leading to a reduction in their toughness and an increase in strength. Additionally most US nuclear plants have been given plant life extensions for 60-year operation, and consideration of further extension to 80 years is underway. As the fracture toughness reduces due to thermal embrittlement, some aged CASS materials have the potential to have exceedingly low toughness. CASS can also show high toughness variability due to the variability of its microstructure. Recently an ASME Section XI Code Case N-838 has been proposed to evaluate the flaw tolerance based on probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM). An assessment of mechanical-property degradation is an input to perform the flaw evaluation procedure in CASS components. There are at least four different models for predicting the change in J-R curves in CASS due to thermal aging. One model is proprietary and the other three are the Argonne/NUREG-CR/4513R1, the French/EDF and a Japanese model. In this work, two of the thermal aging models were reviewed, reproduced and validated against their example cases for each individual model. Both models were then utilized to assess the fully aged conditions for cases that covers a large spectrum of CASS J R curves with high COV (coefficient of variance). Finally, J-R curves distributions using both Argonne and French models were established by examining the actual chemical compositions of CASS materials found in some US PWR plants. The J-R curves distributions include 21 pipes/fittings in primary pipe loop as well as data from an EPRI report. The calculated toughness variability in a single LBB plant is compared using the Argonne and French models. Additionally the relationship of the “C” and “m” parameters used in the power-law J-R curve equations (J = C×Δam) was explored to determine the proper way to statistically vary the J-R curve in probabilistic analyses.
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Chas, Guillaume, Nathalie Rupa, Josseline Bourgoin, Astrid Hotellier und Se´bastien Saillet. „Experimental Program to Monitor the Irradiation Induced Embrittlement of the French Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels“. In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-3054.
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By monitoring the irradiation-induced embrittlement of materials, the Pressure Vessel Surveillance Program (PVSP) contributes to the RPV integrity and lifetime assessments. This program is implemented on each PWR Unit in France; it is mainly based on Charpy tests, which are widely used in the nuclear industry to characterize the mechanical properties of the materials. Moreover, toughness tests are also carried out to check the conservatism of the PVSP methodology. This paper first describes the procedure followed for the Pressure Vessel Surveillance Program. It presents the irradiation capsules: the samples materials (low alloy Mn, Ni, Mo vessel steel including base metals, heat affected zones, welds and a reference material) and the mechanical tests performed. Then it draws up a synthesis of the analysis of about 180 capsules removed from the reactors at fluence levels up to 7.1019 n/cm2 (E > 1 MeV). This database gathers the results of more than 10,000 Charpy tests and 250 toughness tests. The experimental results confirm the conservatism of the Code-based methodology applied to the toughness assessment.
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Faidy, Claude. „Structural Integrity of Bi-Metallic Welds in Piping Fracture Testing and Analysis“. In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61912.
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The French field experience in stainless steel bi-metallic welds (BMW) has shown different degradations like external surface corrosion cracks close to the low alloy steel/stainless steel interface or fabrication defects in different other locations. In many countries, some degradation has been encountered in different type of bi-metallic welds: stainless steel BMW or Ni-based alloy BMW through different degradation mechanisms (corrosions). The critical crack size in different location of a BMW is a key safety issue. To-day, there is no flaw evaluation procedure for this type of components in existing operation codes, like ASME XI [7], RSE-M [6] or R6 rule [5]. Consequently a fracture mechanic procedures is under preparation in the French RSE-M operation Code [6] in order to evaluate the critical crack sizes of defects in different area of a bi-metallic weld. The procedure validation is based on 2 specific experimental projects that have been performed on 6" and 16" bi-metallic welds at room temperature and 300°C. Detailed residual stress measurements and simulation have been done, in order to check their influence on the critical crack size. The major results of these projects are: • no instable crack growth for cracks closed to the fusion line, • crack ductile tearing growth take place in the lower strength material and not in the lower toughness material, • the residual stresses have a negligible effect on the critical crack size, • the crack initiation take a place close to the maximum limit loads, • the ductile crack growth is mainly at the deepest point and negligible on the outer surface (for the cracks considered in these test programs), • no existing engineering methods are really available for this type of cracked components, • the crack distance to the interface is a key parameter in term of toughness, • comparison of notched and pre-crack specimen has been done and confirm a small increase of toughness in the case of electro-eroded crack. After a brief summary of the validation programs, the paper ends with a proposed procedure to analyse the critical crack size in a bi-metallic weld through two methods: an engineering method (1) with large safety factor and an elasto-plastic FEM (Finite Element Method) (2) with lower safety factors. They will be included soon in the RCC-M [8] for design consideration of BMW and the RSE-M [6] codes for service behaviour of BMW. Similar method can be used for different type of BMW (VVER, Ni-based alloy...).
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Le Delliou, Patrick, und Stéphane Chapuliot. „Comparison of the Stress Intensity Factor Influence Coefficients for Axial ID Surface Cracks in Cylinders of RSE-M and API 579-1“. In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45236.
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Analytical evaluation procedures for determining the acceptability of flaw detected during in-service inspection of nuclear power plant components are provided in Appendix 5.4 of the French RSE-M Code. Linear elastic fracture mechanics based evaluation procedures require calculation of the stress intensity factor (SIF). In Appendix 5.4 of the RSE-M Code, influence coefficients needed to compute the SIF are provided for a wide range of surface axial or circumferential flaws in cylinders, the through-wall stress field being represented by a cubic equation. On the other hand, Appendix C of API 579-1 FFS procedure provides also a very complete set of influence coefficients. The paper presents the comparison of the influence coefficients from both documents, focused on axial ID semi-elliptical surface flaws in cylinders. The cylinder and crack geometries are represented by three ratios: Ri/t, a/t, and a/c, where Ri, t, a, and c are respectively the inner radius, the wall thickness, the crack depth and one-half of the crack length. The solutions for the coefficients G0 and G1 at the deepest point and at the surface point are investigated. At the deepest point, the agreement between the solutions is good, the relative difference being lower than 2 %, except for the plate (Ri/t = ∞) at a/c = 0.125 and 0.0625 and a/t = 0.8 (around 5 %). At the surface point, the agreement between both solutions is not so good. At this point, the relative differences depend strongly on the a/c ratio, being larger for elongated cracks (with low a/c ratios). However, it must be recalled that the absolute values of the coefficients are low at the surface point for elongated cracks, and that for these cracks the critical point regarding the stress intensity factor is the deepest point.
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Dauster, Manfred. „Criminal Proceedings in Times of Pandemic“. In The 8th International Scientific Conference of the Faculty of Law of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/iscflul.8.2.18.
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COVID-19 caught humanity off guard at the turn of 2019/2020. Even when the Chinese government sealed off Wuhan, a city of millions, for weeks to contain the epidemic, no one in other parts of the world had any idea of what specifically was heading for the countries. The ignorant and belittling public statements and tweets of the former US president are still fresh in everyone's memory. Only when the Italian army carried the coffins with the COVID-19 victims in northern Italy, the gravesites spread in the Bergamo region, as well as the intensive care beds filled in the overcrowded hospitals, the countries of the European Union and other parts of the world realised how serious the situation threatened to become. Together with the World Health Organisation (WHO), the terms changed to pandemic. Much of the pandemic evoked reminiscences originating in the Black Death raging between 1346 and 1353 or in the Spanish flu after the First World War. Meanwhile, life went on. The administration of justice in criminal cases could not and should not come to a standstill. Emergency measures, such as those that began to emerge in February 2020, are always the hour of the executive. In their efforts to stop the spread of the virus, in Germany, governments particularly reflected on criminal proceedings. Neither criminal procedural law nor the courts and court administrations applying this procedural law were adequately prepared for the challenges. Deadlines threatened to expire, access to court buildings and halls had to be restricted to reduce the risk of infection, public hearings represented a potential source of infection for both the parties to the proceedings and the public, virtual criminal hearings via conference calls had not yet been tested in civil proceedings, but were legally possible, but not so in criminal cases. The taking of evidence in criminal cases in Germany is governed by the rules of strict evidence and is largely not at the disposal of the parties to the proceedings. Especially in criminal cases, fundamental and human rights guarantees serve to protect the accused, but also the victims and witnesses. Executive measures of pandemic containment might impact these guarantees. Here, an attempt will be made to discuss at some neuralgic points how Germany has attempted to balance the resulting contradictory interests in the conflict between pandemic control and constitutional requirements for criminal court proceedings.
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Uddin, M. F., G. M. Wilkowski, S. Pothana und F. W. Brust. „Flaw Evaluation Procedure for Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Materials Using Thermal Aging Models“. In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-66111.
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Thermal embrittlement of cast austenitic stainless steels (CASS) can occur at reactor operating temperatures potentially leading to a reduction in their fracture toughness. Some aged CASS materials have the potential to have exceedingly low toughness and also show high toughness variability due to the nature of their microstructure. The experimentally measured JIc values for CASS materials showed a large scatter when plotted against ferrite number (FN) or chrome equivalent number (Creq). Because of their low aged toughness with such a large variability, flaw evaluations of CASS material needs to be done carefully, especially since most US PWR nuclear plants have been given plant-life extensions for 60-year operation, and consideration of further extension to 80 years is underway. However, the ASME Section XI Appendix C flaw acceptance criterion currently does not have a recommended procedure for flaw evaluation for CASS materials with FN ≥ 20, and the Working Group recognizes that the changes might also be needed for CASS with FN less than 20. In this paper, a flaw evaluation procedure for fully aged CASS materials is presented using JIc values at LWR operating temperatures predicted from several existing thermal-aging toughness degradation models. All available thermal aging models for CASS materials were evaluated which predict fully aged (lower saturated toughness condition) fracture toughness of CASS based on their chemical compositions. A set of 20 experimental test data was analyzed by using all models to find the most accurate thermal aging models. Using the most accurate models, correlations between predicted JIc values and French Creq-Fr and ASTM A800 FN were developed from a database of 274 pipe/elbows in US PWR plants whose chemical compositions were known. Finally, the correlation was used to determine the elastic-plastic fracture correction factor (Z factor) for CASS pipe and fittings as a function of pipe diameter and their chemical compositions from material certification sheet using the Dimensionless-Plastic-Zone-Parameter (DPZP) analysis. The DPZP analysis is a relatively simple curve-fitting procedure through full-scale circumferential surface-cracked pipe tests developed in pipe fracture projects funded by the USNRC, and was checked against a full-scale aged CF8m pipe fracture test. After determining the chemical composition specific Z factor for CASS materials, the flaw evaluation can be performed according to the ASME Section XI Appendix C procedures.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "French procedural law"
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Misra, Brij. GRl-95-0466 Inert Base Gas Field Experiment. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011238.
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IGTs research efforts in the laboratory and over a decade of field experience of inert gas (nitrogen) application in French underground gas storage fields clearly indicate that replacement of base gas with less-expensive natural gas is feasible. The information from lab tests and a systematic procedure developed earlier were used to apply inert gas in the U.S. storage fields. This procedure for inert gas application was first applied in the Simpson Chapel field operated by the Citizens Gas and Coke Utility Company. This report summarizes the efforts of the second field test in the Shirley gas storage field, which belongs to Equitrans. In the Shirley gas storage field, a target area was selected and evaluated by completing four wells, conducting reservoir and tracer testing to determine its suitability for inert gas injection. Reservoir modeling was indicated that in the best option, with the help of existing wells in the target area, 300 MMCF or 5% of the total base gas can be replaced with nitrogen without jeopardizing the pipeline quality of working gas. In this process, a total of 400 MMCF of natural gas would be recovered from the target area. In addition to a one-time cost benefit (due to the price differential between natural gas and nitrogen), inert gas injection would also cut down an equivalent amount of natural gas migration and provide another opportunity to replace 200 MMCF of base gas with nitrogen in the next 20 years. FERC approval to conduct inert gas injection in the Shirley field has been obtained by Equitrans. Inert gas injection in the target area is expected to start in the summer of 1999, following the ongoing gas withdrawal from the target area to create a pressure sink.
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Salavisa, Isabel, Mark Soares und Sofia Bizarro. A Critical Assessment of Organic Agriculture in Portugal: A reflection on the agro-food system transition. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2021.05.
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Over the last few decades, the organic agriculture sector has experienced sustained growth. Globally, as well as in the European Union and Portugal, organic production accounts for just under 10% of total Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA) (FiBL, 2019; Eurostat, 2019; DGADR, 2019; INE, 2019; GPP, 2019). This growth has been seen in terms of production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports and exports. This article attempts to build on the multi-level perspective (MLP) of the socio-technical (ST) transitions theory by employing a whole systems analysis (Geels, 2018) of organic agriculture in Portugal, which defends an integrated vision of the systems, where multiple interactions occur within and among the niche, the regime and the landscape levels. This approach has been employed in order to develop a critical analysis of the current state of the Portuguese organic agriculture sector, stressing the multiplicity of elements that are contributing to the agro-food system´s transformation into a more sustainable one. In fact, the agro-food system is related with climate change but also has connections with other domains such as public health, water management, land use and biodiversity. Therefore, it is affected by shifts in these areas. This analysis considers developments in increasing domestic organic production, number of producers, amount of retail sales, imports, exports, market innovations, and the sector´s reconfiguration. The organic sector´s increase has been attributed to European regulation, institutionalization, standardization, farmer certification, external (government) subsidy support programs, incremental market improvements (visibility and product access), the emergence of new retailers, the rise of supporting consumers and a shift away from conventional agriculture (Truninger, 2010; DGADR, 2019; Pe´er et al, 2019). However, together with positive incentives, this sector also faces numerous barriers that are hindering a faster transformation. Difficulties for the sector to date have included: product placement; a disconnect between production, distribution and marketing systems; high transport costs; competition from imports; European subsidies focused on extensive crops (pastures, olive groves, and arable crops), entailing a substantial growth in the area of pasture to the detriment of other crops; the fact that the products that are in demand (fresh vegetables and fruit) are being neglected by Portuguese producers; expensive certification procedures; lack of adequate support and market expertise for national producers; the hybrid configuration of the sector; and price. Organic agriculture as a niche-innovation is still not greatly contributing to overall agricultural production. The low supply of organic products, despite its ever-increasing demand, suggests that a transition to increased organic production requires a deeper and faster food system reconfiguration, where an array of distinct policies are mobilized and a diversity of actions take place at different levels (Geels, 2018; Pe´er et al, 2019). This paper will attempt to contribute an overall critical assessment of the organic sector´s features and evolution and will identify some of the main obstacles to be overcome, in order to boost the sustainability transition of the agro-food system in Portugal.