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Hošková, Lucie. „Zasílatelství námořních přeprav v ČR“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162177.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRolland, Yves. „L'évolution des compétences liées à l'exploitation du frêt ferroviaire“. Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU2012/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe opening to compétition of rail freight in Europe leads to significant changes in structures. The SNCF, incumbent, must commit unprecedented change. New operators setting up in France and need to recruit and train staff. At first, these new operators mainly use SNCF retired staff. Furthermore, Short Lines establishing are observed. These entities, generally small, complement the work of railway undertakings for the last kilometres. Short Lines also need skills rail. Our research focuses on necessary means to acquire skills rail in accordance with safety principles and by working according to Short Lines specific operating. Virtual structure creation can help skills rail identification and définition
Gégout, Pierre. „Étude pragmatiste de la pédagogie d’Élise et Célestin Freinet à l’École Freinet de Vence : temps d’enquête et reconstruction de la forme scolaire d’enseignement“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0105/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Freinet School of Vence (Alpes-Maritimes) is a public primary school built by Élise and Célestin Freinet outside of the french educational public system. This is where the Freinet's worked out, practiced and developped a broad and complex educational reflection whose practices still endure. This approach has many similarities with that of great American philosopher John Dewey.This research project aims at exploring this astonishing familiarity through the prism of the analysis of pedagogical and didactic practices currently in effect at the Freinet School of Vence. Each examination of these will be the occasion for a study of the thought thus incarnated but also of the practice itself, independently of this theoretical reference. The general purpose of this work is then to propose a renewed interpretation of a pedagogical approach too often misinterpreted and misunderstood. We conjecture that the pragmatist interpretation of the Freinet pedagogy is an interpretation which, while renewing the approach of the educational philosophy of Freinet, remains faithful to them and reveals all the depth
Cruz, Cécilia. „Le transport pour compte propre, un transport routier comme un autre ? : pratiques et territoires en France depuis la déréglementation“. Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0523/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe large increase, since the late 1980's, in freight carried by transport providers (for-hire transport) resulted in a decrease in the share of that handled by shippers themselves (own account transport). However, there remains a significant proportion of users of transport on own account. Unlike previous work, this thesis aims to support the analysis of the economic dimension of own account transport, taking into account also the geographical, social and legal dimensions. To understand transport flows, it is necessary to undertake an analysis of the production and distribution systems, in particular the practices of actors, to understand all the mechanisms of modal choice. This thesis underlines the importance of taking into account the territorial dimension in firms' decision-making. The study of production characteristics and of transportation systems was carried out by means of a quantitative analysis of Shippers' surveys conducted by INRETS in 1988 and 2004. A qualitative approach was also adopted: interviews were conducted with transport managers of shippers to better understand the conditions for use of own-account transport
Camilleri, Pierre. „What future for electric light commercial vehicles ? : a prospective economic and operational analysis of electric vans for business users, with a focus on urban freight“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1105/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFreight transport. The needs of freight transport companies are assessed through some forty interviews conducted in four European countries and analyzed in the light of innovation diffusion theory. These interviews highlight the operational and economic obstacles to the use of electric vehicles, which are linked to the technology itself but also to its novelty.A quantitative approach completes this study. It is based on a market share prediction model, which quantifies how economic and operational constraints evolve with technological developments. These constraints are measured by two indicators: the vehicle's range adequacy given its use and total cost of ownership (TCO) comparisons. An original feature of the model is that it treats the amount of subsidies for the purchase of an electric vehicle as an endogenous variable that dynamically adapts to market developments.In order to compensate for the lack of available data on commercial vehicle uses, a statistical model has been developed. This model makes the best use of data from a survey on light commercial vehicles in France, conducted by the statistical department of the Ministry of the Environment (SDES).These analyses confirm that the development of the electric vehicle market is not certain and that it is currently extremely dependent on public support. Even in scenarios of continued financial support from public administrations, exponential market growth is unlikely. Rather, the market will grow slowly for many years to come, the time for technology to overcome its8dependence on public financial support. For example, our reference scenario forecasts a 13% market share for electric vans in 2032
Tu, Thi Hoai Thu. „Potentiel de réduction des émissions de GES du transport routier de fret“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2026/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this thesis is to identify policies that would allow to mitigate road freight GHG emissions at the lowest cost for the community. With this in mind, for six scenarios corresponding to different mitigation policies we estimate the mitigated emissions along with the economic cost, over the 2030-2050 period. The overall economic cost includes the cost for transport users, for public authorities, and an economic valuation of transport externalities. When available, we used sets of assumptions retained by the French Ministry of Transports for official traffic projections and for the unitary valuation of external costs. For every scenario, the economic cost by avoided ton of CO2 is highly sensitive to these assumptions, especially to the unitary value of external costs (valuation of co-benefits). In the central set of assumptions, several scenarios result in a negative economic cost of GHG mitigation, id est a benefit to the community in addition to GHG cuts.This is notably the case for the carbon tax, as long as it remains lower than the external costs of freight road transportation. However, when the tax rate is rising, the resulting increase in transport prices leads shippers to reduce their activity, which limits the desirable tax rate increase. Increasing the maximum authorized weight of heavy trucks from 40 to 60 tons would be a very beneficial measure towards transport users by allowing a substantial transport costs reduction. This scenario is also beneficial for the community, when accounting for the avoided external costs, the financial loss for public authorities and infrastructure costs (the required reinforcement of roads and bridges and increased maintenance costs). The installation of catenaries on motorways to supply hybrid heavy trucks is efficient to reduce CO2 emissions, and the economic cost per avoided ton of CO2 remains moderate. Quite the opposite, the economic cost is high in the scenario of electrification of urban freight (where diesel trucks are replaced by electric trucks for urban goods delivery), if electric trucks only have a maximum payload of 2 tons. On the contrary, it turns into an economic benefit if, thanks to technological progress, electric trucks have a payload of 6 tons in 2030, for a range of 100 km.The replacement of diesel trucks by natural gas vehicles reduces transport costs and is therefore beneficial towards carriers and loaders, but public authorities support a loss of taxation revenues. However, when accounting for the avoided external costs, the overall economic cost happens to be limited.Finally, shippers can reduce GHG emissions for a reasonable economic cost by reducing the frequency of shipments, this measure also being beneficial for the community.However, none of these measures is capable to achieve by itself the official goal of dividing by 4 the level of GHG emissions at a reasonable cost for the community, implying that additional measures have to be considered jointly
Regnier-Le, Mouillour Ségolène. „Le projet de socialisation de l'enfant dans la pédagogie de Célestin Freinet : socialisation, individualisation, moralisation“. Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/regnier_s.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGardrat, Mathieu. „Impensée mais structurante, refoulée mais exhibée : la mobilité urbaine des marchandises“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2078/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStill widely unexplored thirty years ago, urban freight transport is now undergoing an indisputable scientific development under the tutelage of national and international institutions. This subject now emerges as a substantial issue since consumers’ behaviours and supply chain management evolutions strongly impact cities’ sustainability. However, it seems that urban planners hardly take this new topic into account on a local level. Although it is an essential function of the urban system, freight transport remains widely unregarded by public decision makers, when it is not considered as a negative consequence of urban activity.This thesis focuses on the integration of a subject envisioned as poorly structuring for urban planners, studied here at the local authorities’ level. In the 1990s the necessity emerged for urban freight transport to be conceptualised in a way that differed from interurban freight transport. We now also consider that this subject needs to be specifically adapted to suit urban planners’ issues and we discuss the conceptual bases necessary to shift from a technical and statistical approach of transport to a view of urban freight mobility encompassing the dynamics of the “urban freight” system. Relying on the examples of nine French conurbations, we then confront urban planning policies to the specificities of urban freight mobility and describe the resulting conflicts and inconsistencies. We then develop the case of Lyons to illustrate the complex territorial dynamics and interactions underlying urban freight mobility and provide an analysis of how the actors’ awareness of this topic has evolved and to what extent it can be raised. Finally, in order to study the effects the (in)actions of city planners on urban environment we detail the process of integration of freight mobility through two urban development operations in Lyons, the “Lyon Confluence” project and the Garibaldi street project.Despite the existence of measuring and action tools, we show that urban freight mobility is still an illegitimate subject, at odds with mainstream urban planning. In this context, freight specialists in local authorities are largely kept away from the planning process, but are exposed and used as an alibi to demonstrate the capacity of public authorities to work on a complex subject
Heitz, Adeline. „La Métropole Logistique : structure métropolitaine et enjeux d'aménagement“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1098/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAmong other activities, metropolitan areas have become places of premium location for logistics activities. As a consequence of the concentration of warehouses in metropolitan areas, logistics facilities are mainly located in suburban areas, inducing logistics metropolization. This logistics suburbanization amplifies the negative externalities of transport and challenges public policies. However, suburban areas are not the only location choices of logistics facilities. Analysis on logistics sprawl should not overlook logistics facilities located in dense parts of metropolitan areas which, moreover, draw the focus of public authorities. The apparent contradiction between logistics that contribute to urban sprawl and the new sustainability issues has led to refocusing the debate on the "last mile" rather than logistical planning in the fringes of metropolitan area. Through the development of "urban logistics" policies, public stakeholders intend to offer a complementary service to those offered by the logistics real estate market, while complying with environmental objectives. The main challenge of analyzing this logistics metropolization lies in the double contribution of logistics to metropolitan morphology and the political agenda
Qiao, Bin. „Revenue Management pour les prestataires de services logistiques dans l'internet physique : les transporteurs de fret comme cas“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM027/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlthough the freight transport plays vital role in the economic sector and the freight transport demand is increasing, there are still challenges for the carriers in the freight market to keep and improve their revenue. To respond to the challenges, Revenue Management (RM) and Physical Internet (PI) are adopted as the solution in this thesis. RM is a method, which is originated from airline industry, to maximize the revenue. PI is a fully interconnected, open, dynamic logistics system aiming to develop an open global interconnected logistics networks to increase the logistics efficiency and sustainability. This thesis investigates the application of RM in PI to improve the revenue of less-than-truckload (LTL) carriers. The application of RM in PI is studied based on four research questions in RM, i.e. pricing, capacity control, forecasting, and bundle pricing. In addition, for each research question, an experimental study is conducted to evaluate the feasibility and performance of the proposed optimization models corresponded to each question. The results provide the carriers managerial implications and constructive guidance to make decisions to optimize their revenue at several levels, considering different situations and scenarios. Overall, this research investigates the Revenue Management from the point of view of LTL carriers operating in a highly dynamic environment like Physical Internet. The work in this research gives a general and systematical sight to the application of RM in a dynamic network of road freight transport. The achievements of this thesis give a basis for the future in-depth study on the revenue problem in a dynamic environment
Prot, Frederique Marie. „Pour des « cliniques de l’éducation » : former les professeurs à la bienveillance : l’exemple des pratiques d’écriture à l’École Freinet : enquête sur un programme “LéA“ de l’IFÉ“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0330/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe empirical investigation carried out within the framework of this thesis was part of the perspective of the Law of Refoundation "For a school of benevolence". It was to contribute to a research program of the French Institute of Education (IFE), named Places of Education Associates (LEA). The purpose of this study (2014-2017) was "Innovating for a caring school of benevolence". The field of investigation is that of the Freinet School, the historical school of Élise and Célestin Freinet in Vence in the Alpes-Maritimes (France). By staying regularly in situ, the actual practices during writing situations, specific to the institution of the free text, have been objectified. Such a work of objectification pinpoints the joint action of the teachers. These cooperative training practices were analyzed based in particular on the framework of the Theory of Joint Action in Didactics (TACD). This thesis proposes to examine a series of questions: What model is it possible to propose from the type of training practiced at Freinet School? How is this model, which can be described as clinical, relevant when it comes to pedagogical filiation? What are the strengths, weaknesses and limitations? These questions are linked to another series: How can one speak of the teacher's professional benevolence? In what other professional virtues could it find its expression?
Moubarak, Jalal. „La pédagogie de Célestin Freinet dans le développement des compétences de la pensée critique et créative et dans l’acquisition de connaissances chez les élèves en Syrie : étude expérimentale sur un échantillon de collégiens à travers la matière sciences de la vie et de la terre (S.V.T.)“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0060/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThrough this research, we are looking to develop Critical Thinking Skills and Creative Thinking Skills, as well as the acquisition of knowledge in a group of students in college schools in Syria, through the application of the Freinet method in the learning process. To validate the hypothesis of the research, we taught two groups – control & experimental – of students a unit of a science S.V.T. manual. Two styles were used: the first group was taught by the traditional method (control group), the second taught by the method of Freinet (experimental group). To measure the development of the Critical Thinking Skills and the Creative Thinking Skills in students, we designed two tests: the first, to measure the Critical Thinking Skills, and the second, to measure the Creative Thinking Skills. To measure the development of the students' level of knowledge acquisition, we designed a traditional test about the information contained in the educational unit in the S.V.T. book. The results of this study showed the effectiveness of this method in developing five skills of the critical thinking in students (inference, assumption, deduction, interpretation, and evaluation of the argument). The study also showed the effectiveness of this method in developing three skills of the creative thinking in students (originality, fluidity, and flexibility). In addition, the results of this study showed that the teaching by the Freinet method has contributed to the development of students' level of knowledge acquisition
Saint-Luc, Florence. „De la confrontation coopérative interculturelle à l'autoformation coopérative : le cas des formateurs d'enseignants au sein du Mouvement international de l'Ecole Moderne“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10175/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe educational and economic crisis generates a need to re-examine the education purposes and to reform the thought. “The seven knowledge necessary to educate the future”, (Morin E., 1999), aims at a democratic and scientific humanism. We constituted an international collaborative research on teacher training, supported by this philosophical and epistemological framework, within the the Modern School movement. An intercultural co-operative confrontation started, initially, by a participating observation in 5 European countries, in order to work macro and meso dimensions of their educational systems, and to develop an international network which officially came out during a physical meeting of teachers and trainers from various European countries, in 2009. It revealed blind points, on meso and micro levels, and generated a co-operative self-directed training, in a second step, thanks to the emergence of new professional socioconstructivist didactics, within the framework of teachers training, in February 2010, in Valencia, and trainers training, in July 2010, in Nantes, with a heterogeneous public of 3 continents. Based on the articulation between “experimental probing” and co-operation, they connect education, training and research. They develop ability to work in team, creativity and reflexivity. This thesis shows that cultural diversity can generate empowerment and international collective intelligence, transformative learning, developing a transferable “ingenium” in various contexts
Kuznetsova, Ekaterina. „ВЛИЯНИЕ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИХ КОНЦЕПЦИЙ С. ФРЕНЕ И В. А. СУХОМЛИНСКОГО НА РАЗВИТИЕ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТНО-ОРИЕНТИРОВАННОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В РОССИИL'influence des conceptions pédagogiques de C. Freinet et V.A. Sukhomlinski sur le développement de la formation des linguistes professionnels, orientée par l'approche par compétence“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20051/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEnhancement of the quality of the university education in all majors and especially in language education is a priority direction of the development of national education systems. The researchers around the globe believe that the competence-based approach is a basis for education in today’s world. This approach has formed on the basis of the other approaches of the past. Meanwhile the modern educational practice practically ignores the unique experience of the XXth century educators who aspired to resolve the same educational issues that we face nowadays, especially in the sphere of language teaching. This experience demands to be treated in the context of the competence-based approach and the theory of foreign language teaching. Among the educators whose pedagogical conceptions closely resemble the modern conceptions of educational objectives we can point out C. Freinet and V. A. Sukhomlinski. It is possible to actualize the experience of these educators in the context of the competency-based approach, as they developed pedagogical conceptions stimulating the formation of the competences, though none of them ever used the term «competence». The topicality of this issue for the Russian educational system has conditioned our view of the research aim that consisted in determination of the influence of the pedagogical conceptions of C. Freinet et V. A. Sukhomlinski on the development of the competence-oriented university education providing an example of the formation of cultural competences in the educational process realised in a Russian foreign languages university or department. In this regard we treat the pedagogical conceptions of C. In the framework of our research project we used the methodology of pedagogical experiment to prove the efficiency of the method based on the pedagogical conceptions of C. Freinet and V. A. Sukhomlinski for the formation of cultural competencies at the university level. Our study is based on the number of theories and studies in educational sciences and pedagogics. The results obtained could be applied in study programme and plan design in Russian system of university education
Morvant, Camille. „Le processus de répartition des capacités sur le réseau ferré français : quelle place pour le fret ?“ Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1145/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrain timetabling on a rail network is a complex task. In Europe, this issue lies within a process for which the infrastructure manager has to consider competing uses - passenger and freight trains as well as maintenance work - and several users of a scarce resource, infrastructure capacity. The aim of this research is to better understand the way this process is organised and works on the French rail network. We have chosen to tackle this issue focusing on freight as an activity which has been opened up to competition since 2006 but has experienced structural difficulties for decades. The various time aspects of the capacity allocation process are the key focus of our analysis. Our approach considers the perspectives of the infrastructure manager and of their customers, foremost among which are train operating companies. We highlight that freight occupies a unique place in this process which is based on a schedule resulting from both European regulations and the legacy of decisions taken at the national level. The issue of the quality of the train paths offered by the infrastructure manager is studied with a focus on the links between short and long term requirements with regard to the train running deadline. In spite of their diversity, we demonstrate that freight operators need flexibility and visibility. Finally, we analyse catalogue paths as a specific offer that aims to guarantee capacity for freight. The German method, through the neXt project, provides an alternative insight into this issue. Accommodating freight train paths into the timetable is essentially a necessary but delicate balance of interests: standardisation vs. customisation
Fang, Yunfei. „Study of lane reservation problems in a transportation network“. Thesis, Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0010/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe concept of lane reservation has been introduced as a traffic management strategy and has many applications in real life. Previous studies in the literature mainly focus on the impact of lane reservation in a local region of transportation network. In this thesis optimal lane reservation problems are studied with the objective to minimize impact on total traffic by optimally setting reserved lanes in a transportation network. We firstly focus on the lane reservation problem (LRP) for automated truck freight transportation with static link travel time. This primary work has been extended to the capacitated lane reservation problem (CLRP) for large-scale special events. Finally, lane reservation problem with time-dependent travel time (TTLRP), and lane reservation problem with time-dependent travel speed (TSLRP) are studied. For each of the considered problems, appropriate mathematical models are formulated, their complexities are demonstrated. Different resolution methods are explored including exact cut-and-solve method, cut-and-solve and cutting plane combined method, and Tabu-search method. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated by randomly generated instances. Numerical results have shown that the proposed algorithms are more effective to solve the considered problems than the reference commercial package CPLEX
Lopez, Clélia. „Modélisation dynamique du trafic et transport de marchandises en ville : vers une approche combinée“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSET009/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims to modeling the interactions between the urban freight and the traffic dynamic. Although both are intertwined, they have rarely been studied considering a combined approach. Specifically, the main purpose is to analyze the impacts of the urban freight on traffic states, and vice versa. This research is focused on two axes: the urban freight considering (i) the delivery and (ii) the delivery route scales, and two traffic dynamic scales describing (iii) a day and (iv) a set of days. (i) The delivery of goods carried by vehicles can produce traffic congestion, noise and air pollution. Nevertheless, the transport of goods is essential for the economy of cities. The double parking is a common way for delivery trucks. This illegal parking reduces the vehicle capacity of the transportation network. A sensitivity analysis in traffic microscopic simulation model for urban freight highlight a significant decreasing of the traffic conditions on an urban corridor considering a low number of double parking. These local and temporal phenomena are essential to be integrated into the traffic simulation in order to better study the overall performance of the transportation system. (ii) The delivery route planner can be improved by integrating traffic conditions. The route optimization algorithms are based on quality and quantity of given data available. We investigate the influence of several levels of granularity on traffic information data for the optimal route scheduling. Moreover, the travel time estimated by algorithms and the effective travel time estimated by a microscopic simulation are compared. In addition, the expected traffic conditions can be subject to variations. We propose a methodology of delivery route planner integrating the uncertainty of the traffic dynamics. (iii) At the city level, the traffic conditions are varied through space and time. A partitioning of urban transportation networks makes possible to identify homogeneous zones. A zone is defined by a set of connected links with similar traffic conditions. We proposed a spatial and temporal approach to define the 3D zones. The idea is to summarize the majority of the traffic dynamics of a given city using only a few information: the mean speed per spatial and temporal zone. Two fundamentally different methods of clustering are compared and evaluated. The study case is the Amsterdam network with its real-world traffic data. (iv) From day to day, the traffic dynamic can be similar. We proposed a methodology grouping days by their similar congestion patterns. The existence of a regularity through daily patterns are introduced by consensual speed map. A consensual speed map is the reference day representing a group of days. Our model is validated by using the effective travel time and estimated ones by the consensual speed maps. Numerous applications can be refined from a couple of consensual speed maps, as the route guidance and delivery route planning
Saïdi, Boroujeni Saghar. „Pouvoir de marché et barrières à l'entrée : le cas du marché maritime international du charbon thermique“. Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10037/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDespite the environmental and climate concerns, steam coal is still the first thermal energy used in the electricity generation worldwide. Faced to an increasing global demand, the steam coal seaborne market is developing considerably. From the 2000s, the steam coal maritime market faces several economic structural changes. The aim of this PhD dissertation is to bring a structural analysis of the steam coal maritime market from the 2000s. Through this research, we want to determine the economic and institutional factors helping to explain the configuration of the market. This PhD thesis involves three chapters. In the first chapter, we define the market over product space. Then, we describe the value chain of the steam coal industry in order to highlight the factors explaining the evolution of the industry, particularly by the oil crisis in the 1970s. In the second chapter, we empirically analyze the configuration of the steam coal maritime market and its evolution from 2000 to 2010. This analysis emphasizes the degree by which the seaborne transport costs and freight costs may represent a relevant barrier to entry on the market. Finally, in the third chapter, we determine the factor(s) explaining the schema and the configuration of the world steam coal market. To do so, we model the exporters’ behavior and their entry strategy faced to unit freight and seaborne costs in a predefined market structure
Al-Zaben, Rana. „Ethnographie des pratiques militantes dans le mouvement Freinet : une contribution à l'étude des tendances contemporaines de l'action et de la réflexion pédagogiques en France“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0201/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe evolution of the educational system and the emergence of new centers of production and dissemination of knowledge play a vital role in the development of teaching practices in general, and also in transforming the conditions of pedagogical action and thought. The present thesis is interested in studying these developments and transformations, using an example the Modern School Movement – Freinet’s pedagogy. This research is an ethnographic research, therefore, seeks to identify how this pedagogical movement was adapted with the new educational conditions, how to construct and disseminate these actions and innovative teaching ideas, and how are the « Freinet teachers » today and what is their level of commitment. A brief review of the educational system history and its transformations illuminates the context in which the Freinet movement has evolved. We, then inquire the way in which it has evolved and adapted by conducting an ethnographic study in several places : departmental meetings and conferences, regional trainings and national congress. The survey made by a direct observation was accompanied by a depth analysis of the exchange on a Freinet national survey list. Moreover, interviews with old militants, new members, innovative teachers and pedagogues researchers allow a better understanding of the evolution in forms of commitment, new objects and new construction centres of pedagogical knowledge. In conclusion, after a time of turn and aggregation followed by « disintegration », we could identify a phenomenon of reaggregation around « new pedagogues » whose ideology and militant commitment is not the same nature as those of their elders
Behiri, Walid. „Une méthodologie pour modéliser et optimiser la mutualisation du transport ferroviaire urbain de marchandises et de passagers“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1050/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUrban freight transport is almost exclusively carried out by truck. Beyond the drawbacks caused in the city, this transport mode is nearly saturated. This study discusses an alternative way of transporting freight by using urban rail infrastructure. The first contribution deals with the identification and classification of all different sharing possibilities of mixing freight with passenger’s traffic using rail network. The second contribution is the definition of global freight/passenger transport problem, which is decomposed into several optimization interdependent sub-problems with different temporal decision horizon. In order to show the capacity of the global system to absorb an additional flow with different nature, the Freight Rail Transport Schedule Problem “FRTSP” is identified as the bottleneck of transportation system and is formalized with MIP model. As third contribution, this problem determines train and loading time for each demand to be assigned respecting several constraints while minimizing total waiting time. The fourth contribution deals with a discrete event simulation approach, which studies this alternative and validates several proposed decision algorithms. Finally, the fifth contribution consists in a dynamic approach based on a rolling horizon, which is proposed in order to update the initial plan. The updated plan allows to determine a new assignment regarding new demand such as the modifications from the previous plan are minimized
Mourad, Abood. „The synchronization of shared mobility flows in urban environments“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC041/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe rise of research into shared mobility systems reflects emerging challenges, such as rising urbanization rates, traffic congestion, oil prices and environmental concerns. The operations research community has turned towards more sharable and sustainable systems of transportation. Although shared mobility comes with many benefits, it has some challenges that are restricting its widespread adoption. More research is thus needed towards developing new shared mobility systems so that a better use of the available transportation assets can be obtained.This thesis aims at developing efficient models and optimization approaches for synchronizing people and freight flows in an urban environment. As such, the following research questions are addressed throughout the thesis:*Q1: What are the variants of shared mobility systems and how to optimize them?*Q2: How can people trips be synchronized and what gains can this synchronization yields?*Q3: How can people and freight flows be combined and what are the intended benefits?*Q4: What impacts uncertainty can have on planning and operating shared mobility systems?First, we review different variants of the shared mobility problem where either (i) travelers share their rides, or (ii) the transportation of passengers and freight is combined. We then classify these variants according to their models, solution approaches and application context and We provide a comprehensive overview of the recently published papers and case studies. Based on this review, we identify two shared mobility problems, which we study further in this thesis.Second, we study a ridesharing problem where individually-owned and on-demand autonomous vehicles (AVs) are used for transporting passengers and a set of meeting points is used for synchronizing their trips. We develop a two-phase method (a pre-processing algorithm and a matching optimization problem) for assessing the sharing potential of different AV ownership models, and we evaluate them on a case study for New York City.Then, we present a model that integrates freight deliveries to a scheduled line for people transportation where passengers demand, and thus the available capacity for transporting freight, is assumed to be stochastic. We model this problem as a two-stage stochastic problem and we provide a MIP formulation and a sample average approximation (SAA) method along with an Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) algorithm to solve it. We then analyze the proposed approach as well as the impacts of stochastic passengers demand on such integrated system on a computational study.Finally, we summarize the key findings, highlight the main challenges facing shared mobility systems, and suggest potential directions for future research
Annebeau, Jacques. „La problématique de l'éducation à la paix à la lumière de deux représentants de l'Education nouvelle : Célestin Freinet et Maria Montessori“. Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/annebeau_j.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of education for peace theme from the specific, educational and pedagogical - historically rooted - options of Célestin Freinet and Maria Montessori, registered in the New education movement, imposes first to question the concept of peace in the light of philosophy. The notion of conflict, as unit - of space and time, moment differed to violence - where tension struggles between opposites, appears from that time as central element to be considered in human relations, so that these relations do not degenerate in blind violence. These pedagogues have been incited by a deep desire of peace after both world catastrophes. Their approaches reveal their attitude towards armed conflicts, a denial of the very notion of conflict in relations between men and consequently of the value hetero attached. The setting-up of an adequacy between nature and peace leads Célestin Freinet and Maria Montessori to ground their conceptions, for both of them, on the basis of naturalism and vitalism, by taking, especially for Maria Montessori, the way of religion. Their conceptions and approaches lean on the necessity to eradicate conflicts. Besides the fact that by the way of pacifism, peace could not come to pass, education to peace remains a problem because it has to consider the conflict element in inter-individual as well as inter-ethnical and inter-state relations. The fact remains that education to peace not only can be but has to be dispensed, at the risk of possible violence, in order to ensure to future generations learning of freedom and autonomy
Ducret, Raphaëlle. „Nouvelles organisations de la distribution urbaine des colis sur le dernier kilomètre : innover par une approche spatiale“. Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0028/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWith the spread of new technologies and the advent of economic and social changes, the volume of parcels has grown in France. Parcel deliveries in cities have similarly experienced an important increase. Deliveries have become more and more complex because of changing client patterns, urban constraints and cities' concerns for sustainability. The growing complexity of the ‘last mile' delivery poses economic, organizational, environmental and political challenges to parcel providers. Putting the spatial organization of cities back at the heart of the creation of new logistics organizations and integrating spatial studies to urban logistics techniques and tools, in particular in modelling, can be means of innovation. Until now spatial studies have been largely under-used in UF. This study will provide an in-depth analysis of the relationships between urban spatial organization, urban form and UF. Based on those results, the thesis provides the first elements of a spatial urban freight modelling approach. The modelling approach will enable the creation of a decision support tool able to identify homogeneous urban zones based on urban form, economic and political characteristics in order to offer the most suitable delivery solution to each zone of a city
Touratier-Muller, Nathalie. „Le rôle et la responsabilité des “Achats de Transport" dans la prise en compte des critères environnementaux et des émissions CO2 en France“. Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2036/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis doctoral thesis forms part of the transportation purchasing process analysis. Several French government schemes have been introduced to raise companies’ awareness (shippers and carriers) regarding the CO2 emissions inducedby the transport of goods. The work achieved during this thesis uses these schemes as a "field study" to explore the impact of public policies and identifies levers that encourage shippers (client companies) to take the environmental footprint of products being transported into greater account
Esta tesis doctoral se inscribe en el proceso de compra de transporte de mercancías y productos. El análisis se centra en el caso francés, ya que, durante los últimos años, el gobierno de dicha nación implantó y propulsó varios programas parasensibilizar a las empresas (cargadores y transportistas) con respecto a las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero y otros perjuicios medioambientales derivados del transporte de mercancías. A lo largo de la tesis doctoral, se realizan varios estudios de caso para explorar el impacto de las políticas públicas de contratación sostenible e identificar las medidas que podrían motivar a los cargadores (empresas clientes) a tener más en cuenta la huella medioambiental de los productos transportados
Rosa, Cl?udia Sueli Rodrigues Santa. „?Pedagogia Freinet: a constru??o de uma pr?xis em turmas de 5? a 8? s?ries“. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2004. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14222.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle?Ce travail que nous venons de pr?senter apport une syst?matisation sur la viabilit? de la praxis de l??ducateur fran?ais C?lestin Freinet (1896-1996). Il s?agit d?une ?tude qualificative, recherche-action, d?velopp?e dans une ?cole coop?rative l? ?cole Freinet ? Natal/RN Br?sil, aupr?s des ?l?ves du 5?me et 8?me s?ries de l?Enseignement Fondamental. Le probl?me central que nous a amen? ? cette recherche, a ?t? le fait de v?rifier les progressions dans la production scientifique et dans les pratiques des enseignants qui ont ? la charge l??ducation Infantine et les premi?res s?ries de l?Enseignement Fondamental. Tout cela en tenant compte en concevoir l??l?ve en tant que sujet actif de son apprentissage et coresponsable ? l?organisation du travail scolaire. Toutefois, qaund-il s?agit des quatre derni?res s?ries de l?Enseignement Fondamental (5?me au 8?me s?ries), les propositions progressistes sont prises comme quelque chose pratiquement impossible d?en mettre en marche. Pour attenuer la lacune th?orique sur le sujet, nous avons offert un texte significatif pour les enseignants d?une fa?on g?n?rale, les chercheurs de l?acad?mie et pour l??colechamp de la recherch?. Tout cela par le fait de ne pas donner de priorit? ? une technique ou ? un principe, en particulier. Cette p?dagogie est discut?e autant que possible dans son contexte global et aussi sur le comment s?est manifest?e dans sa pr?xis . Nous avons mis en relief les aspects importants pour le fonctionnement de la salle de classe, aussi que les estrat?gies utilis?es pour la construction, communication et documentation des connaissances L?intervention nous a permis de construire l?objet par la r?flexion en action, ? partir des donn?es obtenues pendant les observations, les entretiens, les enterviews, les moments d??tudes et de la qu?te des textes ?crits. L?analyse a ?t? faite ? la lumi?re de la methodologie comprehensive (Kaufmann, 1996), entrelac?e au materiau empirique et ? la th?orie. Cette forme d?analyse nous a permis d?obtenir la logique dans l?ensemble comme nous crayons que doit caracteriser la recherche aux Sciences Humaines et Sociales. Les consid?rations finales mettent l?accent d?un c?t? sur l?efficacit? de la p?dagogie Freinet, pour orienter le processus de l?enseignement apprentissage, en tous les d?gres de l?enseignement et de l?autre c?t? nous montre la n?cessit? urgente de l??quipe de l??cole champ de la recherche, de qualifier sa pratique ? partir des r?f?rences th?oriques-pratiques de la p?dagogie Freinet
?Esta disserta??o constitui-se na sistematiza??o de um estudo qualitativo, pesquisa-a??o, que realizamos na Escola Freinet, em Natal/RN - Brasil, sobre a viabilidade da pr?xis da pedagogia do educador franc?s, C?lestin Freinet (1896-1966), em turmas de 5? a 8? s?ries do ensino b?sico. O problema central que nos mobilizou ? pesquisa, foi o fato de verificarmos os avan?os na produ??o cient?fica e nas pr?ticas dos docentes que atuam na educa??o infantil e nas primeiras s?ries do ensino fundamental, na perspectiva de conceber o aluno enquanto sujeito ativo da sua aprendizagem e co-respons?vel na organiza??o do trabalho escolar. Por?m, quando se trata das quatro ?ltimas s?ries do fundamental, as propostas progressistas s?o tomadas como algo praticamente imposs?vel de materializar-se. Procuramos atenuar a lacuna te?rica sobre o tema, oferecendo um texto relevante para professores, de modo geral, pesquisadores da academia e para a escola pesquisada, sobretudo, pelo fato de n?o priorizarmos uma t?cnica ou princ?pio freinetiano, em particular. Essa pedagogia ? discutida, o mais pr?ximo poss?vel, da sua globalidade e de como se revelou naquela pr?xis. Destacamos os aspectos relevantes para o funcionamento da sala de aula, bem como as estrat?gias utilizadas para a constru??o, comunica??o e documenta??o dos conhecimentos. A interven??o permitiu que constru?ssemos o objeto pela reflex?o em a??o, a partir de dados produzidos durante as observa??es, as entrevistas, as conversas, os momentos de estudos e a consulta a materiais escritos. A an?lise se deu, ? luz da metodologia compreensiva (Kaufmann, 1996), entrela?ando-se o material emp?rico com a teoria. Esta forma de an?lise permitiu alcan?armos a l?gica do conjunto, como cremos que deve caracterizar a pesquisa nas Ci?ncias Humanas e Sociais. As considera??es finais indicam o potencial da pedagogia Freinet, para orientar os processos de ensino e aprendizagem em todas as etapas da escolaridade. Revelam, ainda, a necessidade, premente, da equipe da escola pesquisada qualificar a sua pr?xis, a partir do referencial te?rico-pr?tico da pedagogia Freinet
Dente, Sébastien. „The stakes of circulation in sustainable societies : logistics and functional economy“. Thesis, Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0017/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFunctional and circular economies are often presented as promising strategies to address the environmental issues associated with our modern production/consumption systems. Within these systems, the circulation processes themselves are usually poorly addressed, in spite of the increasing energy consumption and emissions associated with logistics under the current trends of globalization. The present thesis aims at filling this gap by analyzing the relationship between the representation of human activities and circulation processes and the issue of sustainability. Dealing with the triptych sustainability/supply chain management/circular and functional economies, the thesis shows that the standardized representation of space and time in the current dominant economic conventions acts as a barrier to the development of truly sustainable circulation processes. It finds that the closing loop approach of the circular economy and the product/service approach of the functional economy require specific definitions and policy measures for resources and demand, so that they can be considered as real sustainable strategies. This necessity to develop specific new approaches was further supported with evidence from a new logistics and freight transportation model for France. The model indicates that a generic approach towards a functional economy would lead to 5% increase of CO2 emissions (associated with French interregional traded tons) while a targeted approach would lead to a 3% reduction in comparison to the reference logistics scenario
Nicolas, Isabelle. „De l'espérantologie nouvelle à travers les histoires de vie : d'une institutionnalisation associative à une institutionnalisation académique grâce aux dispositifs de l'autogestion et des techniques Freinet“. Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/146283791#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present thesis concerns Esperanto, the international planned language defined by Dr. Zamenhof in 1887. It consists of four parts in two volumes. Part I covers socio-historical, geographical and linguistic aspects of Esperanto. Part II examines the institutionalisation of the language across three main areas; education (FREINET methodology), politics (analysis of French Green Party Esperanto commission reports) and development of the language through linguistic cultural clubs and associations. Part III records and analyses a corpus of twenty reports from Esperanto users recounting their experiences in learning and using the language. Part IV assesses the potentially bright future of Esperanto in an era of international electronic communication through the internet and ever increasing time for leisure activities. The thesis sets out to inform, outline and prepare ground for future debate on the issue of multilingualism and the tools needed for effective communication on a worldwide scale. It attempts to evaluate the contribution of Esperanto in this context by drawing on poetic, minimalist, didactic and quotidian sources as well as writings from journalists, diarists and the politically engaged. Respecting the spirit of Esperanto, I have experimented with its propensity for neologisms through prefixing and suffixing, exploiting its semantic potential for assonance, consonance and alliteration
Gouiza, Fairouz. „Modélisation et évaluation des performances de la chaine de transport intermodal de porte à porte : le cas du corridor de la Vallée de Seine“. Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0002/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe work presented in this thesis contributes to the field of the extended enterprise and the development of distributed information systems. This is obviously an important subject of study for the logistics community (supply chain), but also for the software engineering community. It is in this context that the objectives are to provide a model of global supply chain in an intermodal environment door to door service to solve the problems: (i) interfaces between the different actors involved along the chain and (ii) trans-loading operations generated by the goods transfer operations from one mode of transport to another. Thus, improved performance of the supply chain depends heavily on the level of cooperation and coordination, and especially sharing and validity of information and knowledge between the different actors in the chain (transport organizer, forwarding, Supplier, etc.). The application is located in the corridor of the Seine valley. The work is part of the project APLOG (Performance Improvement and global logistics) financed by the Haute Normandie region