Dissertationen zum Thema „Frankfurt a.M“

The central argument of this thesis is that, contrary to what is generally believed, Critical Theory (CT) – as understood by the Frankfurt School (FS) – did exist and was developed in Spain influenced by and parallel to the FS’s own research during the second half of the twentieth century. Thus, the aim of this research is to provide evidence of and explore the CT developed by three leading Spanish thinkers: José Luis López Aranguren, Jesús Aguirre, and María Zambrano. This will be done from the perspective of two pivotal currents of thought emerging from Germany: neo-Marxism and Heideggerian thought. To this end, I will carry out an interdisciplinary comparative study analysing what aspects of the thought of these Spanish thinkers converge with the thought of the FS, and which differ from them. Attention will also be paid to the socio-political atmosphere they were immersed in, so as to find out how it may have contributed to shape their thought. This research is firmly rooted in the context and methodology of the history of ideas. Consequently, biography and intentionality play key role in the reconstruction and analysis of these three authors’s thought. As a result of this methodological choice, the thesis has been divided into two parts which are quite distinct in focus and style. The first part, more theoretical and historical in nature, comprises two chapters. Chapter One provides a brief introduction to the main argument of the thesis as well as to the authors that it focuses on. It also introduces the reader to what CT is and in the context of the FS. In addition, this chapter provides some background into the history of ideas and discusses in depth the methodology adopted throughout the thesis as well as the theory which supports it. Chapter Two constitutes a short introduction to twentieth-century Spain. It provides some initial background on Aranguren, Zambrano, and Aguirre and their political positions. It also provides a contextualization of the socio-historical period that they lived in. The second part of the thesis comprises a total of four chapters: a chapter for each individual author and the conclusion. This second part is more critical and focuses more closely on each one of the three authors which are the object of this thesis, so that their work and development can be studied acknowledging the singularity of their approach. It is for this reason that, the conclusion will underline the cohesiveness of their work and their achievements in relation to each other, as well as highlighting the key concepts explored throughout the thesis. Chapter Three explores Aranguren’s relationship to neo-Marxism and, more specifically, to Marcuse. Moreover, the fact that Aranguren explicitly takes up and develops some of the key topics first identified by the FS, which are central to the critique of instrumental reason, is brought to light, specifically, Aranguren’s criticism of consumerism and his denunciation of the manipulation citizens are subjected to from the mass media and the State. The implications of this critique and Aranguren’s defence of the role of faith and of democratic values are discussed at length. Chapter Four discusses the political nature of Zambrano’s thought. Because of the idiosyncrasies of her expression, the highly symbolic nature of her language, as well as its abstraction and dispersion, the analysis of her work requires a process of reconstruction. This is carried out in the light of Heideggerian thought, which proves to be an influential factor in her development. Finally, the value of poetic reason as a practical alternative to instrumental reason is considered, so that the significance and implications of poetic reason and of her political project can be re-evaluated. Chapter Five focuses on Aguirre, who, despite being a very well-known public figure, has not been the object of any previous scholarly work. This chapter evaluates the role and influence of the different positions that this charismatic intellectual held throughout his life, paying particular attention to his role as the introducer of the FS in Spain. Even more importantly, this chapter specifically aims to clarify his controversial relationship to CT. The sixth and final chapter focuses on pivotal aspects of CT, as argued throughout the these two volumes (the role of biography, fragmentation, exile, art, the subject, psychoanalysis, and spirituality) and it argues that all these elements are present in some form in the work of these three authors. Thus, it examines, by way of conclusion, the aspects of the approaches adopted by Aranguren, Zambrano, and Aguirre which account for their work to be considered CT. Furthermore, I argue that by introducing the elements of spirituality, faith, and the role of choice, transcendentality becomes a key aspect of their alternative to instrumental reason. As a result, not only do they establish the singularity of their approach, but they also by-pass the limitations associated with the FS.

In der Rückschau auf Frankfurt 2011 ist festzuhalten: Es kamen 40 interessierte Kolleginnen und Kollegen. An zwei Tagen hatten wir wieder 13 Vorträge und natürlich ein Beiprogramm (geführte Bibliotheksbesichtigungen). Nach wie vor ein Adjektiv von Gewicht in den Vorträgen ist „automatisch“ oder „automatisiert“. Es suggeriert die Erzeugung von Schlagwörtern oder Klassifikations-Notationen ohne oder fast ohne intellektuelle Einwirkung der Bibliothekare. Die automatisierte Indexierung braucht allerdings immer "Referenz-Datenpools", um zu funktionieren. Auch die kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung von Thesauri und Systematiken wird wohl immer von Menschen gemacht werden müssen. Soviel in aller Kürze zu Neuem in demjenigen Bereich der Bibliothekswelt, der uns in der GfKl angeht: Das inhaltliche Erschließen, Suchen und Finden.
Looking back at Frankfurt it may be stated: 40 colleagues attended our meeting. In two days we listened to 13 speeches. And of course a support program – consisting of library tours – was run. One of the pre-eminent adjectives in the various contributions was “automatic” or “automated”; it suggests the idea of machine-created notations in a classification system or some kind of a self-generating controlled vocabulary in a system of subject headings. But any system of automated indexing needs pools of reference data – and those cannot be created without intellectual input. Which applies also to the creation of a thesaurus. That far my very brief introduction into our 2011 investigation into the novelties of that part of the library world that concerns us: Subject indexing or simply search and find. Hans-J. Hermes

Rezensiertes Werk: Christiane Caemmerer, Jörg Jungmayr und Eef Overgaauw (Hrsg. ), Flugblätter von der frühen Neuzeit bis zur Gegenwart als kulturhistorische Quellen und bibliothekarische Sondermaterialien, Frankfurt/M. 2010

rezensiertes Werk: Diana Matut: Dichtung und Musik im frühneuzeitlichen Aschkenas : Ms. opp. add. 4o 136 der Bodleian Library, Oxford (das so genannte Wallich-Manuskript) und Ms. hebr. oct. 219 der Stadt- und Universitätsbibliothek, Frankfurt a. M. (2 Bände). - (Studies in Jewish History and Culture ; 29). Leiden [u.a.]: Brill, 2011. - 461 S. ISBN (Set) 978-90-04-18194-6 ISBN (Band I) 978-90-04-20598-7 ISBN (Band II) 978-90-04-20599-4

[EN] Small dwelling and urban form. German modern city bases. Small dwelling and urban form are the main concepts in which this research is based. The intention is to determine the characteristics of the German city where the modern architecture of Neues Bauen is developed. The small dwelling, as a new type lacking in an immediate historical precedent, arises from the need to house a new class of the industrial proletariat. The urban form as a different configuration which the city acquires. This is a result of the transformations that its growth demands in order to adapt to a new social reality. In Germany, as in the rest of Europe, the origin of the small dwelling came from the need to improve the living conditions of the worker. A reaction that was produced mainly from philanthropy but also as a guarantee in keeping some established social conditions. The movement for housing reform, set out by private initiatives, effectively solves new forms for a small, hygienic and functional dwelling that was accessible to a part of the working masses, establishing solid and functional criteria that would be maintained as the principles of a typology in the configuration of the modern dwelling at the beginning of the 20th century. The great German city, represented mainly by Berlin in this research, outlines its expansion through an imported urban idea that has, as its main interest, the monumental expression of the urban space. With a system originated in the interior reform processes of the French city, it outlines the exterior expansion of the German city as a continued imposing construction, in which the small dwelling only constitutes a dense internal filling. This "petrous sea", as Muthesius defines a city that extends concentrated to its limits, would be seen as incompatible with the small dwelling that was needed. Once this inconsistency was recognized and with a new scientific approach to the construction of the city, a transformation process was begun towards a new urban model that took into consideration the need for a small and healthy dwelling and returns to the citizen the contact with nature, a sense that is a deeply ingrained in German people. From the ideas and actions of the leading figures in this process, gathered in original documents, the research advances in the recognition of the typical and essential characteristics of a German city, that, at the start of the third decade of the 20th century, bases its modern quality in common criteria relative to the separation of urban functions, the insertion of green in the city and the value of public space. On this modern German city of first post-war Europe, the specific solution of the architecture of Neues Bauen will be built.
[ES] Vivienda pequeña y forma urbana. Fundamentos de la ciudad moderna alemana. Vivienda pequeña y forma urbana son los conceptos sobre los que se fundamenta esta investigación que quiere determinar las características de la ciudad alemana en la que se desarrolla la arquitectura moderna del Neues Bauen. La vivienda pequeña como un nuevo tipo carente de un antecedente histórico inmediato, que surge de la necesidad de alojar a la nueva clase del proletariado industrial. La forma urbana como la distinta configuración que adquiere la ciudad, consecuencia de las transformaciones que exige su crecimiento para adecuarse a una nueva realidad social. En Alemania, como en el resto de los países de Europa, la vivienda pequeña tiene su origen al reconocerse la necesidad de mejora de las condiciones de vida del trabajador. Una reacción que se produce desde la filantropía principalmente, pero también como garantía del mantenimiento de unas condiciones sociales establecidas. El movimiento para la reforma de la vivienda, planteado desde iniciativas particulares, resuelve de manera eficaz nuevas formas para una vivienda pequeña, higiénica, funcional y accesible a una parte de esta masa obrera, estableciendo sólidos criterios funcionales que se mantienen como principios de una tipología en la configuración de la vivienda moderna en los comienzos del siglo XX. La gran ciudad alemana, representada en esta investigación por Berlín principalmente, plantea su expansión sobre una idea urbana importada, que tiene en la expresión monumental del espacio urbano su mayor interés. Con un sistema originado en los procesos de reforma interior de la ciudad francesa, se traza la ampliación exterior de la ciudad alemana como un continuo edificado imponente, en el que la vivienda pequeña sólo constituye un relleno interior denso. Este "mar pétreo", como define Muthesius a una ciudad que se extiende concentrada hasta su límite, se mostrará incompatible con la vivienda pequeña que se necesita. Desde el reconocimiento de esta incoherencia y con una nueva aproximación científica a la construcción de la ciudad, se inicia el proceso de transformación hacia un nuevo modelo urbano que considere la necesidad de la vivienda pequeña saludable y retorne al ciudadano el contacto con la naturaleza, un sentimiento vernáculo de gran arraigo en el pueblo alemán. A partir del estudio de las ideas y actuaciones de los protagonistas de este proceso, recogidas en documentos originales, la investigación avanza en el reconocimiento de las características propias y fundamentales de una ciudad alemana que, en el comienzo de la tercera década del siglo XX, basa su cualidad de moderna en criterios comunes relativos a la separación de las funciones urbanas, la inserción del verde en la ciudad y el valor del espacio público. Sobre esta ciudad moderna alemana de la primera posguerra europea se construirá la específica solución de la arquitectura del Neues Bauen.
[CAT] Habitatge petit i forma urbana. Fonaments de la ciutat moderna alemanya. Habitatge petit i forma urbana són els conceptes sobre els quals es fonamenta aquest treball de recerca, que vol determinar les característiques de la ciutat alemanya en la qual es desenvolupa l'arquitectura moderna del Neues Bauen. L'habitatge petit com un nou tipus mancat d'un antecedent històric immediat, que sorgeix de la necessitat d'allotjar la nova classe del proletariat industrial. La forma urbana com la diferent configuració que adquireix la ciutat, conseqüència de les transformacions que exigeix el creixement d'aquesta per a adequar-se a una nova realitat social. A Alemanya, com a la resta dels països d'Europa, l'habitatge petit té l'origen en el reconeixement de la necessitat de millora de les condicions de vida dels treballadors. Una reacció que es produeix principalment des de la filantropia, però també com a garantia del manteniment d'unes condicions socials establides. El moviment per a la reforma de l'habitatge, plantejat des d'iniciatives particulars, resol de manera eficaç noves formes per a un habitatge petit, higiènic, funcional i accessible a una part d'aquesta massa obrera, i estableix uns criteris funcionals sòlids que es mantenen com a principis d'una tipologia en la configuració de l'habitatge modern en els inicis del segle xx. La gran ciutat alemanya, representada en aquest treball per Berlín principalment, es planteja l'expansió sobre una idea urbana importada que té el major interès en l'expressió monumental de l'espai urbà. Amb un sistema originat en els processos de reforma interior de la ciutat francesa, l'ampliació exterior de la ciutat alemanya es traça com un contínuum edificat imposant, en el qual l'habitatge petit només constitueix un farciment interior dens. Aquesta "mar pètria", com Muthesius defineix una ciutat que s'estén concentrada fins al límit, es mostrarà incompatible amb l'habitatge petit que es necessita. Des del reconeixement d'aquesta incoherència i amb una nova aproximació científica a la construcció de la ciutat, s'inicia el procés de transformació cap a un nou model urbà que considere la necessitat de l'habitatge petit saludable i retorne al ciutadà el contacte amb la natura, un sentiment vernacle de gran arrelament en el poble alemany. A partir de l'estudi de les idees i actuacions dels protagonistes d'aquest procés, recollides en documents originals, la recerca avança en el reconeixement de les característiques pròpies i fonamentals d'una ciutat alemanya que, al començament de la tercera dècada del segle xx, basa la seua qualitat de moderna en criteris comuns relatius a la separació de les funcions urbanes, la inserció del verd a la ciutat i el valor de l'espai públic. Sobre aquesta ciutat moderna alemanya de la primera postguerra europea es construirà la solució específica de l'arquitectura del Neues Bauen.
Bosch Abarca, J. (2016). Vivienda pequeña y forma urbana. Fundamentos de la ciudad moderna alemana [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61453
TESIS

In der Rückschau auf Frankfurt 2011 ist festzuhalten: Es kamen 40 interessierte Kolleginnen und Kollegen. An zwei Tagen hatten wir wieder 13 Vorträge und natürlich ein Beiprogramm (geführte Bibliotheksbesichtigungen). Nach wie vor ein Adjektiv von Gewicht in den Vorträgen ist „automatisch“ oder „automatisiert“. Es suggeriert die Erzeugung von Schlagwörtern oder Klassifikations-Notationen ohne oder fast ohne intellektuelle Einwirkung der Bibliothekare. Die automatisierte Indexierung braucht allerdings immer "Referenz-Datenpools", um zu funktionieren. Auch die kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung von Thesauri und Systematiken wird wohl immer von Menschen gemacht werden müssen. Soviel in aller Kürze zu Neuem in demjenigen Bereich der Bibliothekswelt, der uns in der GfKl angeht: Das inhaltliche Erschließen, Suchen und Finden
Looking back at Frankfurt it may be stated: 40 colleagues attended our meeting. In two days we listened to 13 speeches. And of course a support program – consisting of library tours – was run. One of the pre-eminent adjectives in the various contributions was “automatic” or “automated”; it suggests the idea of machine-created notations in a classification system or some kind of a self-generating controlled vocabulary in a system of subject headings. But any system of automated indexing needs pools of reference data – and those cannot be created without intellectual input. Which applies also to the creation of a thesaurus. That far my very brief introduction into our 2011 investigation into the novelties of that part of the library world that concerns us: Subject indexing or simply search and find. Hans-J. Hermes