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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „France-Japan relations“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "France-Japan relations"
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الزيادي, محمد. „The Hore-Laval Project 1935 and its impact on British politics (a study in international relations)“. Kufa Journal of Arts 1, Nr. 21 (18.02.2015): 185–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2014/v1.i21.6358.
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The outbreak of World War II preceded the crystallization of a new international structure based on the bipolar bloc between the axis countries (Germany - Italy - Japan), and the allies Britain and France, joined by the United States of America. Italy was allied with France and Britain within the framework of the (Stresa) front, to contradict its interests with Germany, especially in Austria, but the twisted position of Britain and France against Italy in the Abyssinian issue led to its turning towards Germany, as it left the (Stresa) front in 1936 and signed the October Protocol in 1936 1936 with Germany as Germany signed with Japan Anticoventern the same year.
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Fukuda, Madoka. „The Normalization of Sino-French Diplomatic Relations in 1964 and the Formation of the “One-China” Principle: Negotiations over Breaking French Diplomatic Relations with the Republic of China Government and the Recognition of the People’s Republic of China as the Sole Legitimate Government“. World Political Science 8, Nr. 1 (18.10.2012): 252–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/wpsr-2012-0013.
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AbstractThis article examines the substance and modification of the “One-China” principle, which the government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) pursued in the mid 1960s. Under this principle, a country wishing to establish diplomatic relations with the PRC was required first to break off such relations with the Republic of China (ROC). In 1964 the PRC established diplomatic relations with France. This was its first ambassadorial exchange with a Western government. The PRC, in the negotiations over the establishment of diplomatic relations, attempted to achieve some consensus with France on the matter of “One-China”. The PRC, nevertheless, had to abandon these attempts, even though it demanded fewer conditions of France than of the United States (USA), Japan and other Western countries in the 1970s. The PRC had demanded adherence to the “One-China” principle since 1949. France, however, refused to accept this condition. Nevertheless, the PRC established diplomatic relations with France before the latter broke off relations with the ROC. Subsequently, the PRC abandoned the same condition in negotiations with the African governments of the Republic of Congo, Central Africa, Dahomey and Mauritania. After the negotiations with France, the PRC began to insist that the joint communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations should clearly state that “the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government of China”. However, France refused to insert these words into the communiqué. Afterwards, the PRC nevertheless insisted on putting such a statement into the joint communiqués or exchanges of notes on the establishment of diplomatic relations with the African countries mentioned above. This was done in order to set precedents for making countries accede to the “One-China” principle. The “One-China” principle was, thus, gradually formed in the process of the negotiation and bargaining between the PRC and other governments.
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Siaroff, Alan, und Clement Lee. „The State and Industrial Followers: Japanese Versus French Computer Strategy, 1960s–1980s“. Journal of Public Policy 17, Nr. 1 (Januar 1997): 31–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00003421.
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ABSTRACTWithin the advanced capitalist world, Japan and France have normally been the main examples of strong, interventionist states. From the 1960s onwards, government policy in each nation attempted to cultivate a domestically based computer industry in response to American dominance. This seemed to be parallel cases of strong states attempting to target an industry in order to catch up. However, by the start of the 1980s it was clear that French policy had failed, whereas Japan was relatively successful. We explain this difference by stressing that Japanese policy was ultimately more market conforming. This occurred because Japanese companies were less dependent on government financing and procurement for their business compared to French counterparts. In short, the Japanese state had less power over its domestic computer companies than did the French state. This national difference in ‘state strength’, i.e., state-business power relations, accounts for a negotiated pattern of industrial restructuring in Japan compared to the predominantly state-led pattern in France.
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Lehmann, Jean-Pierre. „France, Japan, Europe, and industrial competition: the automotive case“. International Affairs 68, Nr. 1 (Januar 1992): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2620460.
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YAMAMOTO, Takeshi. „Bilateral or Trilateral? Japan, the EC and the United States in the “Year of Europe”“. Journal of European Integration History 25, Nr. 1 (2019): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2019-1-37.
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It is perhaps a little known fact that Henry Kissinger mentioned Japan several times in his [in]famous “Year of Europe” speech of 1973. He intended to include Japan in the “New Atlantic Charter”, making it a US-EC-Japan triangular framework in the hope of preventing Japan drifting in an undesirable direction during the era of détente. Europe, and France in particular, however, disliked Kissinger’s initiative because they perceived it to be a US attempt to dominate its allies. Instead, the EC proposed direct negotiations with the Japanese government leading to a bilateral Japan-EC declaration in order to avoid America being at the top of the triangle. Japan faced with a dilemma. In the end, the idea of bilateral Japan-EC and US-EC declarations along with a trilateral US-EC-Japan declaration proved impossible due to a deterioration in US-EC relations. The Japanese government had to retreat not only from the Kissinger exercise but also from the idea of a bilateral declaration with the EC because pursuing the latter without a US-EC declaration would, it was feared, be perceived as anti-American behaviour.
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Saiya, Nilay. „Confronting Apocalyptic Terrorism: Lessons from France and Japan“. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 43, Nr. 9 (23.10.2018): 775–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1057610x.2018.1499694.
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Berk, Gerald. „Adversaries by Design: Railroads and the American State, 1887–1916“. Journal of Policy History 5, Nr. 3 (Juli 1993): 335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600007259.
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It has become commonplace to acknowledge the exceptionally adversarial nature of business-government relations in the United States. When compared to their counterparts in Germany, France, Japan, and the Nordic countries, American business executives have much more autonomy from the state; and yet, there is also greater distrust between business and government. Such adversarial relations, many students of comparative political economy argue, puts the United States in the late twentieth century at a disadvantage. Faced with competitors in the world market who cooperate with their respective governments on investment, training, and long-term sectoral development, American corporations compete in global markets under a considerable handicap.
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Đức Thuận, Phạm, und Phạm Thị Phượng Linh. „Bao Dai Solution and the Formation of the “National Government of Vietnam” During the Indochina War (1945-1954)“. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 13, Nr. 2 (05.03.2024): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2024-0056.
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After World War II, Vietnam declared independence from France and Japan following the victory of the resistance movement for independence led by the Viet Minh. However, with the regulations at the Yalta conference, France returned to wage war to force Vietnam and the entire Indochina peninsula to fall under French rule as before. In Vietnam, France refused to cooperate with Viet Minh because it believed that this organization was Communist. France tried every way to set up a “puppet” government and they turned to Bao Dai, an Emperor who had just been overthrown in August 1945. The Bao Dai solution was proposed by France to maintain colonialism in Vietnam. This solution aims to establish a “National Government of Vietnam” under French influence, maintaining French interests and influence. This research article aims to clarify the puppet nature of the “National Government of Vietnam” and show that it had an important influence on the situation in Vietnam during the Indochina War (1945-1954). Methods of exploiting historical documents, logical methods and international relations research methods are used to clarify the content of the research article.
Received: 13 October 2023 / Accepted: 29 January 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024
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Rodwin, Marc A. „Reforming Pharmaceutical Industry-Physician Financial Relationships: Lessons from the United States, France, and Japan“. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 39, Nr. 4 (2011): 662–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2011.00633.x.
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Post-industrial societies confront common problems in pharmaceutical industry-physician relations. In order to promote sales, drug firms create financial relationships that influence physicians' prescriptions and sometimes even reward physicians for prescribing drugs. Three main types exist: (1) kickbacks, (2) gifts, and (3) financial support for professional activities. The prevalence of these practices has evolved over time in response to changes in professional codes, law, and markets. There are certainly differences among these types of ties, but all of them can compromise physicians' independent judgment and rational prescribing.Drug firms have paid kickbacks for prescribing drugs, purchasing drugs, switching brands prescribed, adding a drug to a hospital formulary, enrolling patients in post-marketing clinical trials, and writing practice guidelines that encourage the use of certain drugs.
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Arnold-Gaille, Séverine, und Michael Sherris. „INTERNATIONAL CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY RATES: NEW INSIGHTS FROM A COINTEGRATION ANALYSIS“. ASTIN Bulletin 46, Nr. 1 (29.12.2015): 9–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2015.24.
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AbstractThis paper applies cointegration techniques, developed in econometrics to model long-run relationships, to cause-of-death data. We analyze the five main causes of death across five major countries, including USA, Japan, France, England & Wales and Australia. Our analysis provides a better understanding of the long-run equilibrium relationships between the five main causes of death, providing new insights into similarities and differences in trends. The results identify for the first time similarities between countries and genders that are consistent with past studies on the aging processes by biologists and demographers. The insights from biological theory on aging are found to be reflected in the cointegrating relations in all of the countries included in the study.
Dissertationen zum Thema "France-Japan relations"
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Goyette, Jean-Sébastien. „Franco-Japanese relations in East Asia from 1932 to 1945“. Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83105.
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This paper relates to Franco-Japanese relations between 1932 and 1945 in East Asia. In order to do this, it examines French behavior towards the Japanese in Shanghai and Indochina, France's position during incidents such as the 1932 Shanghai Incident, its policy during the Sino-Japanese conflict as well as its changing role and position in East Asia during the 1930s and 1940s, especially with the changes brought upon by the Second World War. This paper also pays attention to how France, as well as other Western nations, viewed Japan and East Asia, as well as how it affected East-West relations during this period. Finally, the paper describes the complex relations that existed between Vichy France, Free France, Indochina as well as Japan. It ends with events such at the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, that led to the eventual Japanese takeover of French territories in East Asia and the irreparable damage to France's position in East Asia.
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Sarazin, Cédric. „Information et communication au sein de l'entreprise : analyse interculturelle France-Japon“. Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DENS0026.
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Cette étude présente les travaux développés en vue de caractériser les particularismes dus a la socio-culture au sein d'une entreprise industrielle dans les domaines de l'information, de la communication et de l'organisation. A partir d'analyses bibliographiques et d'une expérience personnelle dans une joint-venture franco-japonaise, un modèle fonctionnel d'une entreprise traduisant les interrelations qui existent entre les paramètres permettant de la caractériser a été construit. La pondération de ces interrelations par des responsables d'entreprises en France et au Japon a permis de mettre en évidence les paramètres dont le rôle est perçu différemment dans les deux cultures, en particulier dans les domaines étudiés. Développée à partir des résultats de l'analyse structurelle du système entreprise, l'analyse en composantes principales fait apparaitre les groupements des personnes consultées suivant leur socio-culture. Ces résultats constituent une validation du modèle propose. S'ils confirment un certain nombre des informations décrites dans les analyses bibliographiques, ils en font apparaitre de nouvelles pour lesquelles des interprétations sont proposées. D'autres applications de la méthodologie utilisée (fusion d'entreprises, analyse de conflits) sont indiquées
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Seya, Anne-Aurélie. „Des Françaises au Japon : les mécanismes de l'exotisme et de l'altérité dans les écrits de voyage (XIXe-XXe siècle)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE3033.
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La présente étude se veut une analyse du voyage féminin français au Japon après la fin du Sakoku et jusqu’au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. La présence des femmes françaises dans l’histoire du voyage et les écrits de voyage restent très peu analysés et tendent à être éclipsés par des pratiques de voyage et d’écriture viatique qui se déclinent principalement au masculin et qui dominent l’historiographie française. Les Françaises bien qu’identifiées pour certaines dans les études anglophones et japonaises sur le voyage occidental féminin au Japon, restent assez peu étudiées, faute de données suffisantes. Qui étaient les femmes françaises qui ont voyagé et vécu au Japon ? Pourquoi et comment ont-elles entrepris ce voyage ? Quelles traces écrites de leur voyage et de leur présence ont-elles laissé ? Mobilisant des investigations sur la présence féminine française au Japon à la fois dans les archives françaises et japonaises mais aussi une recherche des documents produits par les voyageuses identifiées dans différents fonds documentaires, il a été possible de dresser une typologie des Françaises au Japon mais aussi de leurs écrits (publiés et manuscrits) produits entre 1859 et 1949 présentés dans un catalogue raisonné. L’élaboration de ce panorama inédit a été complété par des entretiens avec des descendants et a aussi mobilisé de très nombreuses sources en main privée afin de comprendre les fonctionnements et les mécanismes de l’exotisme et l’imaginaire japonais en français produits par ces voyageuses. Cinq sources remarquables ont été traitées dans la seconde partie de l’étude, prolongeant les analyses des topoi de l’imaginaire japonais et questionnant à la fois l’expérience du voyage et les modalités d’écriture de celui-ci pour différentes périodes. Puisque la pratique du voyage au féminin implique des particularités, les discours des voyageuses en ont été impacté. Ces déclinaisons et variations d’images mentales associées au Japon, soulignées à la fois par le catalogue raisonné et l’étude d’un corpus spécifique, ont mis en exergue une écriture qui ne venaient pas s’opposer à un discours dominant et masculin, mais au contraire enrichir l’exotisme japonais en françaisThis study proposes an analysis of French women’s travels to Japan from the end of the Sakoku to the period just after the WWII. French women’s presence in History of travel and travel writing has been quite undervalued. Those subjects tend to be silenced in French historiography by the fact that main resources are dominated by male travelers. Even English-language and Japanese studies about Western Women’s travels in Japan, may have somehow muted them. Despite being identified for some, they aren’t studied, mostly because an apparent lack of resources. Who were those French women travelling to Japan and for some even settling there? Why and how did they travel? Did they leave their mark by writing about their experience or their settlement?By bringing together investigations in French and Japanese archives about the travelers and their possible writings (published, unpublished and personal handwritten papers) but also interviews with women travelers’ descendants it was possible to elaborate an overview of French women travelling situation in Japan (19th and 20th century) and build a resources database for their travel writings between 1859 and 1949. Because travelling as a women had specificities, how women travelers did write about their experiences has been impacted. Results of crossing the resources database and a corpus of 5 documents showed how women’s travel writings were not opposing to males ones but completing each other by bringing different representations of Japanese exoticism and alterity
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Rauber, Laurent. „Mori Arimasa : le Japon et l’Europe au travers de sa philosophie de l’« expérience »“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAC027/document.
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Mori Arimasa (森有正, 1911-1976) a élaboré à partir de son propre cheminement ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler sa philosophie de l’« expérience ». Elle inscrit ses développements dans la comparaison culturelle Europe - Japon, notamment au travers de la distinction « expérience » (経験) / « vécu » (体験). Dans notre travail, nous mettons en question les développements comme les fruits de cette philosophie de l’« expérience ». Pour ce faire, nous commençons par présenter une biographie de l’auteur. Dans un deuxième temps, nous proposons une présentation critique de sa philosophie de l’« expérience », qui selon nous reprend les problèmes de la pensée dichotomiste classique (de Descartes à Bergson) qui renferme un profond mysticisme. La confrontation culturelle entre le Japon et l’Europe est directement tributaire de cette aporie, combinée à une vision partiale : il y a ainsi une bonne « expérience » occidentale et un mauvais « vécu » japonais. Mori se positionne donc en marge de son époque, qui essayait de mettre en question l’hégémonie occidentale et de défendre la pluralité des cultures. Enfin, nous proposons une traduction commentée d’Expérience et Pensée (『経験と思想』, 1970-1972). Miné par les contradictions, les préjugés et le désespoir, Mori échoue finalement à proposer une voie positive pour le Japon. Dans le commentaire à la traduction, nous essayons de rediriger la philosophie de l’« expérience » vers une voie plus positiveFrom his own path, Mori Arimasa (森有正, 1911-1976) developed his so-called philosophy of “experience”. His philosophy eventually grew into an intercultural comparison model, the dualism of two forms of experience, keiken (経験) and taiken (体験). In this study, we tried to challenge the development and the fruits of this philosophy of “experience”. We started with a biography of the author. Then we presented his thought around “experience”, which we think inherit the problems of the dichotomous vision of reality, which cross the French classical philosophy from Descartes to Bergson. The confrontation between Europe and Japan is directly dependent on this dualistic view, which has no solution to offer instead mysticism, and combined with the partial judgment of the author, coming from his own personal life. Finally, in his thought, the “good” western experience is pushed against the “bad” Japanese experience. Lastly, we propose a translation in French for his “great” essay, Experience and Thought (『経験と思想』, 1970-1972). Undermine by his contradictions, his bias and despair, Mori did not manage to open a positive way for Japan. In the commentary of the translation, we tried to redirect his philosophy in a more positive way
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Maejima, Michiko. „Édifier et équiper les bases de l’armée japonaise Transferts de technologie France-Japon 1868-1930“. Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CNAM0912/document.
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Le Japon possède un riche patrimoine militaire dont il ignore la valeur et les origines. Un regard sur le début du XIXe siècle montre une toute autre organisation des troupes, de type féodal. En fait, le pays adopte très vite le modèle français alors réputé le meilleur : de 1867 à 1919, diverses missions militaires organisent, bâtissent, ordonnent. Cette diplomatie militaire que l’on décortique à partir de sources inédites, est discontinue ; aux Français succèdent les Allemands, les Hollandais. Cependant les officiers du Génie et d’Artillerie, les As de la première Guerre mondiale ont tout particulièrement marqué le Japon. Casernes, mess d’officiers, usines, laboratoires en sont les témoins matériels, comme les premiers traités de construction et d’architecture. Dorénavant, le Ministère de la Guerre dispose d’une reconnaissance de ses plus anciens équipements. Avec cette synthèse, le ministère français de la Défense a une idée de la richesse de ces échanges.L’objet de la recherche est quelque peu tabou au Japon. L’architecture militaire n’a pas très bonne presse auprès du public car l’Archipel a tout perdu dans le dernier conflit mondial et il est toujours très critiqué par les pays d’Extrème Orient pour son occupation militaire.L’évaluation de la qualité architecturale des bâtiments militaires a longtemps été délaissée. Beaucoup de ces constructions publiques ont été détruites. Le peu de mémoire que constituent les restes mérite d’être apprécié à sa juste valeur avec les mêmes critères que pour l’architecture ou le génie civils. Aujourd’hui, l’armée de Terre soutient qu’elle a été formée par l’Allemagne, comme la Marine est persuadée d’avoir été éduquée par la Grande Bretagne. Nous montrons que le Japon a adopté les manières françaises pour son armée de Terre — à un moindre degré pour la Marine — et la France a continué longtemps cette formation par épisodes. Notre argumentaire, textes à l’appui, le certifie. D’autres chercheurs militaires ou non ont pisté antérieurement cette traces encore importantes de la présence française, mais faute de preuves suffisantes, ils n’ont pas pu aboutir aux certitudes que nous tentons d’affirmer. Le transfert de technologie de la France au Japon formalise une évolution constante et réfléchie, un éclectisme particulier qui figure une esthétique franco-japonaiseFormer Japanese Army buildings built from Meiji to Showa era are still found throughout Japan. Nevertheless their heritage value has not been sufficiently evaluated. Furthermore since these architectures face demolition, there are calls for their proper historical assessment which is a necessary step to construct means for their preservation.In this paper, the term “Army Heritage” refers to former military buildings or structures of the Japanese Army that have architectural or technical importance for preservation. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the technological transfer in regard to these heritages from France to Japan, as there is evidence that the Japanese Army invited arranged military missions from France in order to create new systems and facilities.The research is based on studies of original documentations in libraries and archives both in Japan and in France. The author studied remaining military buildings, specifically, an officers’ mess hall of an aviation school in Akeno and an early stage military barrack of the 16th infantry regiment in Shibata. The investigation included dismantling method in Shibata.The author analyzed the results in three categories. 1, The system and organization of designs and plans of military architectures. 2, The prototypes of the architectural planning of military bases, barracks, covered paddock, officers’ mess and hangars. 3, Japanese and French human networks in the old Japanese Army. From these analyses, the author found that French technologies were imported whenever the Japanese Army needed innovative technologies like modern Army or aviation. Additionally, the French networks had been undoubtedly established in the Japanese Army from Meiji to the first period of Showa era. This thesis can serve as an important reference to the remaining “Army Heritages”, therefore the author proposes conservation to the Minister of Defense through this study
明治から昭和にかけての旧陸軍建造物は少なくとも数百棟が残存しているが解体の危機に瀕する建物も多く、「陸軍遺産」として遺産学的な評価と保全活用方法が求められている。日本の近代化という観点からは西欧、特にフランスからの技術移転が顕著であり、日欧を横断した歴史的評価が必要である。建築史・技術史的な枠組で陸軍の築造ならびに築城事業の成立と発展を追い、日仏の技術比較の中での特徴解明が求められている。本論文は、陸軍にて日仏関係が続いた明治初期から昭和初期までの建築や土木構造物に焦点を当て、担い手であった工兵組織の成立と築造・築城事業における計画・設計・施工体制を対象とした。幕末から繰り返し派遣された仏軍事顧問団が軍事大国フランス陸軍の兵制、造兵、築造、築城技術をもたらし、翻案に始まり日本で独自の技術に育て上げたのが工兵を含む陸軍技術陣の仕事であった。具体的には仏兵営をモデルとした初期の歩騎兵の築営計画（兵営施設）、高度の土木技術を下敷きとなし仏砲工技術を採用した明治中期の築城計画（要塞）、大正期の陸軍航空部発足にともなって建てられた鉄筋コンクリート造の大規模建造物（格納庫等）や欧風デザインの将校集会所の建築を追い、人的交流、施設計画の決定プロセス、建築計画や構法技術の詳細を明らかにした。研究の方法は、日仏の史料館所蔵の史資料を発掘し突合せると共に、日本国内の遺構（新発田兵舎、明野将校集会所等）の解体調査を含んだ現地調査より建築技術的検証を行った。更に当時の陸軍施設建設を行った施工会社等に残されたデータを収集解析し実際の建設プロセスを復原、各時期に訪日した仏人技術者並びに訪仏した日本人技術者の履歴、図面の読み替えや要素技術の組み替えによる日本への技術導入等といった諸側面に光を当て日仏の密な関係を解明した。本論文の結論は以下の三点に集約される。一、陸軍施設の建築設計から施工体制の解明、二、兵営計画並びに陸軍建築のプロトタイプ解明、三、陸軍における人的ネットワークの解明。以上の三点より明治初期から昭和初期にかけての旧陸軍において、システムを含めフランスからの技術移転が新たな技術の導入が求められる毎に密に行われていたことが判明すると同時に、フランス系のネットワークが連綿と続いていたことが明らかになった。本論文をもって筆者は現存する旧陸軍建築遺産の保存活用方法について防衛省へ提言を行う。
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Rousselot, Lucie. „Des idées de nature : appréhender la diversité pour refonder l'action collective“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN026/document.
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Cette thèse cherche à explorer le rôle que les perceptions culturelles peuvent jouer pour redéfinir collectivement l’action humaine envers la nature. Dans le temps long, de manière accidentelle ou intentionnelle, l’homme a globalement modifié puis progressivement détruit de manière exponentielle la nature. Or, l’étude de l’idée de nature démontre la multiplicité et la force des attachements culturels à la nature. Cette thèse cherche donc à étudier plus précisément la diversité, la multiplicité des perceptions culturelles, et dans quelle mesure celles-ci pourraient aider à redéfinir l’activité humaine envers la nature. A cette fin, les idées de nature et leurs évolutions à travers l’histoire sont étudiées dans plusieurs pays cultures afin de déterminer si et comment la diversité peut devenir un facteur de changement de paradigme. Trois pays sont étudiés à cette fin : la France, le Japon et les États-Unis, afin de dégager les perceptions culturelles uniques et d’envisager comment cette unicité peut servir à refonder l’action collectiveThis thesis aims at exploring the role cultural perceptions of nature could play in redefining in depth human action towards nature. Whether on purpose or as an incidental result, humankind has since the dawn of humanity first modified then destroyed nature. Yet, when looking at cultural perceptions of nature it appears that cultures developed a strong attachment to some representations of nature. The presumption explored here is that these cultural perceptions, in their diversity, in their multiplicity, could be key to redefining our whole relation towards nature. To that effect, this thesis studies the idea of nature and its evolutions throughout history in different cultures in order to render it effective in international negotiations. Three countries are explored: France, Japan and the United States in order to isolate cultural perceptions and to understand how they can be mobilized to redefine collective action
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Shimooka, Erina. „Une convention oubliée : la convention franco-ryûkyû de 1855. Les relations entre la France et le royaume des Ryûkyû durant les dernières décennies de l'époque d'Edo“. Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/SHIMOOKA_Erina_va2.pdf.
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Au XIXe siècle, le royaume des Ryûkyû (actuelle préfecture d’Okinawa au Japon) était à la fois tributaire de la Chine des Qing et sous la domination des shôgun Tokugawa (via le fief de Satsuma). Toutefois, il conservait une large autonomie politique. Cherchant un point d’appui en Extrême-Orient, et ne pouvant avoir accès aux ports japonais en raison de la politique de « sakoku », la France de la Monarchie de Juillet a fixé son attention sur ce royaume et y a envoyé à partir de 1844 des militaires ainsi que des prêtres des Missions étrangères de Paris. La situation ainsi créée dans le royaume fut aussi inédite que complexe ; d’un côté, les autorités des Ryûkyû surveillaient très étroitement les étrangers présents, qu’elles isolaient de la population locale par tous les moyens ; d’un autre côté, les Français profitaient de l’occasion qui leur était donnée pour observer de l’intérieur cette contrée encore peu connue de l’Europe et pour tenter de l’évangéliser. Ce premier contact aboutit à la conclusion d’une convention, le 24 novembre 1855, entre la France et le royaume des Ryûkyû. Si cette convention ne fut finalement jamais ratifiée, elle a eu un impact important sur la politique extérieure des Ryûkyû. Elle a également pesé sur les premières relations franco-japonaisesIn the 19th century, the kingdom of Ryûkyû kingdom (now Okinawa Prefecture in Japan) was both dependent on Qing China and under the rule of Tokugawa shogun (via the Satsuma fief). However, he retained a broad political autonomy.Seeking a fulcrum on the Far East, and unable to access Japanese ports due to Sakoku’s policy, the France of the July Monarchy paid attention to this kingdom and sent military as well as priests of the Foreign Missions of Paris, as a result of which the situation in the kingdom became quite complex; on the one hand, the Ryûkyû closely monitored the foreigners by isolating them from the rest of the local population by all means. On the other hand, the French took advantage of the situation to focus on this barely known region and to try to evangelize it. This first contact led to the conclusion of a convention, on November 24, 1855, between France and the Ryûkyû kingdom. Despite the fact the convention was never ratified, it had as significant impact on the Ryûkyû’s foreign policy. It also affected the first Franco-Japanese relations
19世紀、琉球王国（現・沖縄県）は清の朝貢国であり、また薩摩藩を介し幕藩体制に組み込まれた「二重朝貢国家」であった。しかし、対外的には清（中国）との関係を前面に出すことで対日関係（薩琉関係）を隠蔽し、また国内においても一定の主体性を保持していた。同時期、東アジアにおける拠点を探していた七月王政下のフランスは琉球王国に注目し、1844年 、フランス海軍籍のアルクメーヌ号を派遣、パリ外国宣教会所属の宣教師を留置した。当時、ヨーロッパにおいて琉球王国の存在こそ知られていたものの、王国の特殊性―日中両属、特に薩摩藩との関係―は未だ解明されていない中での進出であった。海洋国家ゆえ、異国船の来航や遭難はままある事態であったが、西洋人の長期滞在は異例のことであり、琉球王府はアルクメーヌ号来琉によって作り出された新たな状況への対応を余儀なくされた。王府は異国人（フランス人宣教師）を隔離、彼らの行動を厳しく監視・制限するとともに、自国民へも異国人との交流や接触を禁じた。一方、フランス人宣教師達は滞琉中に国状の観察、現地語（琉球方言ならびに日本語）の習得に励むとともに、キリスト教の布教も試みていた。1855年11月24日、琉球王国とフランスは琉仏条約を締結した。この条約は結果的に批准されることはなかったが、条約の条項は1840年代におけるフランス人宣教師の滞琉経験を反映したものとなっており、またこの条約の締結によって琉球王府は自国の対外政策に変更・修正を加えた。1840年から1850年代のフランス人宣教師達の滞琉経験は1858年の日仏修好通商条約締結から始まる最初期の日仏関係に影響を与え、また活かされることになった。
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Abe, Asuka. „Inshô-ha : diffusion et réception de l'école française dite "impressionniste" au Japon entre 1945 et 1985“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010688/document.
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Les Japonais semblent avoir une prédilection pour la peinture impressionniste. Des expositions y sont consacrées chaque année et une foule anonyme d'amateurs s'y précipitent. Pour la réception des œuvres d'art dans la société, il est nécessaire non seulement que la notion d'art soit partagée, mais aussi les facteurs qui permettent son fonctionnement- les musées, les expositions, les spectateurs et les collectionneurs. Comment ce pays, le Japon, situé culturellement et géographiquement loin de l'Europe, s'est-il imprégné de cette notion étrangère à sa culture et devenir l'un des premiers consommateurs de peinture impressionniste? Cette thèse a pour objectif d'étudier la réception et la diffusion de la peinture impressionniste au Japon entre 1945 et 1985. Dans la première partie, nous nous intéresserons aux différentes parties prenantes du système de l'art au Japon, acteurs et vecteurs de la réception et la diffusion des peintures impressionnistes: les grands quotidiens, les grands magasins, les collections, l'enseignement de l'art, les reproductions. Les grands quotidiens jouèrent un rôle important en tant qu'organisateurs d'expositions et les grands magasins, en tant qu'importants lieux d'exposition. Dans la deuxième partie, nous nous focaliserons sur quatre peintres - Monet, Renoir, Cézanne et Van Gogh - que les Japonais englobent dans le mouvement impressionniste (lnshô-ha, ayant acquis une popularité particulièrement importante, et dont la réception et la diffusion se sont produites de manières différentes. En se concentrant sur la peinture impressionniste, notre étude décrit également la vulgarisation de la notion d'art au JaponThe Japanese seem to have a predilection for the impressionist paintings. Exhibitions gathering their paintings are organized every year and crowds of fans visit them. The reception of works of art in a society depends not only on a shared concept of Art, but also on the factors allowing the operation of Art - the museums, exhibitions, viewers and collectors. How did this country, culturally and geographically located so far from Europe, absorb this concept strange 10 their culture and become one of the most important consumers of Impressionist painting? This thesis aims to study the reception and the dissemination of Impressionist painting in Japan between 1945 and 1985. In the first part, I focus on the different stakeholders of the Art system in Japan, actors and vectors of the reception and dissemination of Impressionist paintings: major newspapers, department stores, art collections, art education, reproductions. Major newspapers played an important role as organizers of exhibitions and department stores, as important venues. In the second part, I study the reception of four pa inters - Monet, Renoir, Cezanne and Van Gogh - which the Japanese consider as Impressionists (lnshô-ha), who have gained a particularly significant popularity and whose reception and dissemination occurred in different ways. Focusing on Impressionist painting, our study also describes the expansion of the concept of Art in Japan
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Negishi, Tetsuro. „Paul Claudel au Japon : rencontre diplomatique et poétique“. Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040026.
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Notre thèse se consacre au double aspect de Paul Claudel, grand poète français et aussi diplomate compétent, en nous limitant à l’examen de ses activités de 1921 à 1927 au Japon. Une partie importante de la recherche est consacrée à l’analyse de ses réalisations diplomatiques. Nous les envisageons dans les domaines économique, politique et culturel, en nous référant aux instructions officielles qui permettent de saisir ses missions. Nous insistons sur ses entreprises, le voyage du Gouverneur Général de l’Indochine, ainsi que la fondation des établissements français au Japon, auxquels il a consacré beaucoup d’efforts. Notre recherche visera ainsi à en rendre compte et à en dégager les caractéristiques qui témoignent autant de sa fidélité au Quai d’Orsay qu’à l’engagement de sa pensée politique dans le nouveau régime international. L’autre partie est consacrée à sa rencontre avec le Japon. Nous abordons ce sujet en trois étapes : une analyse des textes sur le séisme de 1923 qui introduit à la comparaison des textes littéraires avec ses écrits diplomatiques, ainsi qu’à son approche de la littérature japonaise, qui donnera lieu à des tentatives originales. Puis une analyse de l’écriture de ses innovations littéraires en rapport avec ses thèmes personnels. Et enfin une analyse de la forme des livres publiés au Japon, à propos de laquelle il développe une réflexion sur l’importance du support matériel du poème: un livre ou un papier faisant appel à un caractère chinois, une peinture ou une calligraphie. En bref, nous tentons de dégager ce chemin de la création claudélienne qui suit sa double vision diplomatique et poétique qu’enveloppe son intuition majeure, celle de la co-naissanceThis paper addresses the literary and diplomatic works of Paul Claudel (1868-1955), a great French poet and competent diplomat, during his stay in Japan from 1921 to 1927. The first approach is to study his economic, political and cultural efforts as French Ambassador in Tokyo and the relationship between France and Japan, by consulting the ministerial directives that inform us on the task taken up by Claudel. The focus in this part is on the major activities he directed: the Governor General of Indochina’s official visit and the foundation of two French institutions in Japan. This research clarifies the characteristics of his efforts that are not only faithful to his duties but also reflect his personal political vision in the new international system after World War I. The other approach aims at his encounter with Japan. The research is conducted from three perspectives : the first is an analysis on his works concerning the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923, which show us not only the different style between his literary works and the diplomatic documents, but also his approach to Japanese literature. The second is an analysis of his literary innovation that originates from his personal thesis. And the final part is on the important material sources for his poetic works: books or papers with Chinese characters, pictures or calligraphy on them. In short, we define Claudel’s process of creation which stems from his diplomatic and poetic vision based on his personal philosophy of “co-naissance”
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Forest, Patrick. „Les relations franco-japonaises de 1859 à 1895“. Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11966.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBücher zum Thema "France-Japan relations"
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Catherine, Mayaux, Université de Cergy-Pontoise und Ōsaka Furitsu Daigaku, Hrsg. France-Japon: Regards croisés : échanges littéraires et mutations culturelles. Bern: Peter Lang, 2007.
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François, Godement, Shinʾya Nagai, Institut français des relations internationales. und Nihon Kokusai Mondai Kenkyūjo, Hrsg. France-Japan political and security dialogue: JIIA/IFRI Joint Conference, Institut français des relations internationales, Paris, december 4-5, 1995. Paris: Institut français des relations internationales, 1996.
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1964-, Baret Christophe, Lehndorff Steffen und Sparks Leigh, Hrsg. Flexible working in food retailing: A comparison between France, Germany, Great Britain, and Japan. New York: Routledge, 2000.
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Li xiang yu huan mie: Zhonghua Minguo waii jiao shi de 1960 nian dai = Ideal and disillusion : Chiang Kai-Shek's diplomacy with the U.S., France and Japan in the 1960s. Taibei Shi: Zhong yang yan jiu yuan jin dai shi yan jiu suo, 2021.
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Henke, Klaus-Dirk. Towards sustainable health care systems: Strategies in health insurance schemes in France, Germany, Japan and Netherlands : a comparative study. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2004.
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Sims, R. L. French policy towards the Bakufu and Meiji Japan 1854-95. Richmond, Surrey: Japan Library, 1998.
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H, Preeg Ernest, Bendahmane Diane B und Center for the Study of Foreign Affairs (U.S.), Hrsg. New dimensions in foreign economic policy: Industrial -- oil -- banking : three symposia, National industrial policy (Japan -- France --Korea -- Brazil); Ten years after the first oil shock; The future of international banking. Washington, DC: Center for the Study of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Service Institute, U.S. Dept. of State, 1986.
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H, Preeg Ernest, Bendahmane Diane B und Center for the Study of Foreign Affairs (U.S.), Hrsg. New dimensions in foreign economic policy: Industrial -- oil -- banking : three symposia, National industrial policy (Japan -- France -- Korea -- Brazil); Ten years after the first oil shock; The future of internationa banking. Washington, DC: Center for the Study of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Service Institute, U.S. Dept. of State, 1986.
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Food fights over free trade: How international institutions promote agricultural trade liberalization. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.
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Henshaw, Mark. The snow kimono. London: Tinder Press, 2015.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "France-Japan relations"
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Lepri, Chiara. „Marco Polo returns to China: Giuliano Montaldo’s TV series (1982)“. In Studi e saggi, 99–116. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0068-4.10.
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In 1982, the Italian television network RAI produced a TV series by Giuliano Montaldo on the travels of the Venetian merchant Marco Polo. Broadcast in forty-six countries, the Emmy Award-winning cinematic project, which involved partners from the United States, Japan, Germany, and France, stood as the first film co-production between Italy and China and represented a relevant step in the consolidation of the Sino-Italian friendship after the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1970. This paper aims to research the transnational dynamics enacted by Marco Polo during the Sino-Italian co-production and presents the making of the TV series in China from ideation to distribution. The study includes an original interview with the director Montaldo (2022).
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Feldman, Elliot J., und Lily Gardner Feldman. „Canada“. In Federalism and International Relations, 176–210. Oxford University PressOxford, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198274919.003.0007.
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Abstract In the last decade, René Lévesque, as Premier of Quebec, was invested as a Grand Officer (usually conferred only on heads of state) of the Légion d’honneur in France, and Quebec’s Paris delegation has continued to enjoy diplomatic status. The Premier of British Columbia, Bill Bennett, was received in Tokyo as a head of state. Premiers Lougheed of Alberta and Davis of Ontario met regularly with members of the US Congress and the Administration. All four premiers had left office by summer 1986 but their successors, including two of different political stripes, have not changed the fundamental parameters of their province’s international profile; they have merely elevated the business dimension and added the principle of rationalization. Quebec, Alberta, and Ontario all maintain important political and economic offices in Europe, the Pacific Rim, and the United States, and British Columbia facilitates the sale of coal to Japan; the Government of Alberta helps shape the sale of natural gas and oil to the United States.
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Wight, Martin. „The Balance of Power in The World in March 1939“. In International Relations and Political Philosophy, 95–118. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848219.003.0007.
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This essay surveys the political fluidity and antagonism in the triangular relationship among the main power groupings in March 1939—the Soviet Union, the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan), and the Western Powers (Britain and France above all). Rather than focusing on their military capabilities and combat options, the essay concentrates on the ideas expressed in each camp—in the Western Powers, interest in the rule of law and constitutionalism; in the Axis Powers, ambitions for territorial acquisitions and increased might; and in the Soviet Union, the Marxist-Leninist revolutionary vision. In conjunction with this three-cornered dialogue, the essay examines factors in addition to ideas that influenced decision-making, including greed, coercion, resentments, power pressures, national egoisms, dependence on allies, and perceived security imperatives. Three combinations were hypothetically possible: a Nazi–Soviet alliance, a Soviet–Western alliance, or a Nazi–Western alliance. In August 1939, Nazi Germany offered the Soviet Union a non-aggression pact that enabled Moscow to seize territories in Eastern Europe and to limit its immediate involvement in combat. Nazi Germany’s attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941 brought about a Soviet–Western alliance determined to defeat the Axis, despite the chasm between Soviet totalitarianism and Western democracy.
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Kéchichian, Joseph A. „Omani Ties with Leading Asian and Western States“. In A Sultanate that Endures, 270–308. Liverpool University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789762068.003.0009.
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Chapter 8 then turns to diplomatic relations with leading Asian and Western States, including the People’s Republic of China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Germany. This chapter covers fresh materials and updates published data by providing assessments of whatever successes Oman recorded. Each section delves on political, economic and military ties between the Sultanate and its allies and partners. An effort is made to assemble various data bases to better evaluate relationships with Oman’s preferred partners.
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Pugh, Martin. „The Great War and the Re-drawing of the Ottoman Empire“. In Britain and Islam, 166–97. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300234947.003.0008.
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This chapter details how, during the 14 years before the outbreak of the First World War, Britain comprehensively revised her diplomatic alignments, readjusted her military strategy, and rearranged her armed forces to meet the threat posed by the European powers. In the process, she signed an alliance with Japan and ententes with France and Russia, she concentrated her fleet in the North Sea and the Channel, and developed a plan to prevent Germany from imposing a quick defeat on France by mobilising a new British Expeditionary Force. However, there remained one flaw in all this: she had not really considered the Ottoman Empire or, indeed, the wider question of her relations with the Muslim societies in Turkey, Persia, Egypt, and especially India. This oversight was a by-product of her new strategy, which frankly made security in Europe the chief object and in effect downgraded the importance of the imperial world. As a result, Britain failed to take full account of changes in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa engendered by the Great War.
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Schulzinger, Robert D. „The Vietminh, the French, and the Americans: 1946-1950“. In A Time for War, 23–43. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071894.003.0002.
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Abstract Relations between France and the Vietminh deteriorated in 1946, and full-scale war broke out between them in December of that year. In the beginning the United States looked on as a spectator. Washington followed its practice of considering Indochina a distinctly secondary region. Europe took first place in the estimate of U.S. planners; in Asia, Americans looked first to China and then Japan to fulfill their national ambitions. Officially the United States argued that the issue of the future of Indochina concerned France, but later, high-level American officials began to take a more active interest in the future of Southeast Asia. The growing American concern for France’s success in its war against the Vietminh coincided with, and represented a part of, the development of the Cold War. The Cold War emerged in the six months after World War II as a combination of conscious planning and day-to-day interactions between the United States and the Soviet Union. Both powers had expressed suspicions of the other’s motives during the Second World War, but the events of the period after August 1945 hardened these concerns into fear and mistrust. By 1947 little room for accommodation existed.
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pitkethly, Robert, David O. Faulkner und john child. „National Differences in Acquisition Integration“. In Cooperative Strategy, 283–306. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198296898.003.0013.
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Abstract This chapter deals with the highest level of firm interdependence short of outright total integration of the wholly owned and internally developed subsidiary, namely the merger or acquisition. Appropriate behavioural attitudes of a cooperative nature are as vital in these circumstances as in a partly owned joint venture, if the respective cultures and competences of the two companies are to be married effectively together. The chapter thus concentrates on the key issue of integrating acquisitions, drawing on a study of acquisitions of UK companies by firms from the USA, Japan, Germany, and France. Four major aspects are considered: the overall level of integration; the control mechanisms adopted; the communication methods; and the strategic philosophy pursued by the new parent in relation to its acquisition.
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Korman, Sharon. „The Moral Turning-Point of the First World War: Self-Determination and the Non-Annexation Principle“. In The Right of Conquest, 135–78. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198280071.003.0006.
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Abstract Before the Russian Revolution of March 1917 had transformed the whole relation of the belligerents to the national question, it was generally assumed that annexations of territory would follow the conclusion of the First World War, as they had followed the conclusion of previous wars, on the basis of the right of con quest, without regard to nationality or the wishes of the populations concerned. On the Allied side, this assumption was reflected in the secret treaties of 1915-17, which provided for the post-war distribution of enemy territory in the event of an Allied victory. The annexationist schemes embodied in these treaties—envisaging the partition of the Ottoman Empire between Russia, Great Britain, France, and Italy, and vast accessions of territory transferring millions of foreigners to the rule of Italy, Romania, Japan, France, and Russia at the expense of the Austro-Hungarian and German Empires-were characteristic of an outlook which saw enemy territory as ‘booty’, or legally disposable property, to be acquired by the victors as the spoils of war.
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Gokovali, Ummuhan, und Burhan Medettin. „RCA vs. RTA and Sectoral Import vs. RTA“. In Industrial Dynamics, Innovation Policy, and Economic Growth through Technological Advancements, 217–36. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1978-4.ch011.
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In mainstream literature, it is argued that technological specialization patterns of countries should be in accordance with their trade specialization pattern. In empirical applications, a Revealed Technological Advantage (RTA) index is used to measure technological specialization while a Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index is used to measure trade specialization patterns. This chapter provides an extensive analysis of the relation between RTA and RCA of seven developed countries (Germany, France, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, the UK, and the USA) for twenty-one manufacturing sectors. RCA indexes are calculated by using worldwide export data whereas RTA indexes are measured by patents granted in Turkey over the period 1990-2006. Although a bird’s eye view supports a relation, there has not been a strong statistical validation of the relationship between these two variables; in addition, this chapter investigates whether RTA is related to the sectoral import ratio of Turkey for each country. Empirical findings indicate that the direction of the relationship between the sectoral import ratio and RTA varies according to the technological composition of sectors for each country.
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Pelet, Jean-Éric. „Introduction to the Book“. In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 1–18. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3756-5.ch001.
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The design of interfaces has become an essential dimension of companies' digital strategies, aiming at enhancing user experiences through User Experience goals, alternatively named UX. From user tests to front-end development, UX now affects all areas of digital production. This book presents relevant and recent studies conducted in various fields, from Marketing to Information Systems over Human Resource Management to Strategic Management. Its objective is to provide up-to-date results in relation to UX concerns, which exist in both e-learning and e-commerce. It is composed of 20 chapters and contains the most recent findings in research, as well as case studies and relevant works conducted by experts in User Experience, from the field of e-learning to e-commerce. 40 authors from Australia, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Nigeria, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey and the United Kingdom present their case studies, practical experiences, and studies on User Experience and its impact on universities and businesses.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "France-Japan relations"
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Densmaa, Oyuntsetseg, Gerelchimeg Kaliinaa, Norovsuren Nanzad und Tsogzolboo Otgonbayar. „MONGOLIA’S “THIRD NEIGHBOR POLICY”“. In Proceedings of the XXV International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25012021/7365.
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Geographically Mongolia has two neighbors. Mongolia’s existence today depends largely on mutually friendly relationships with two big neighbors. The main pillars of Mongolia’s new international strategy were incorporated in Mongolia’s National Security Concept adopted on June 30, 1994. This document, approved by the Mongolian Parliament, emphasizes a balanced policy towards the country’s two giant neighbors, underlines the importance of economic security in protecting Mongolia’s national integrity, and warns about too much dependence on any one country for trade. In today’s world of globalization and interdependence, Mongolia has to engage with other countries beyond these two neighbors, Russia and China. This is fundamental thing of the Mongolia’s searching third neighbor. Mongolia needs more friends to ensure its national security interests and achieve economic prosperity its ‘Third Neighbor Policy’1 is a policy of extending its friends all around the world. Two immediate neighbors of Mongolia, Russia and China, remain the foreign policy priority and this priority is not contradictory to the policy of having more friends. Mongolia is becoming an arena of clashes of economic interests of developed countries, multinational corporations due its rich mining deposits. Mongolia's Third Neighbor Policy is aimed to leverage the influence of neighboring countries in the national security issues of Mongolia. In contrast with other satellite states of the former Soviet Union, Mongolia concurrently instituted a democratic political system, a market-driven economy, and a foreign policy based on balancing relations with Russia and China while expanding relations with the West and East. Mongolia is now pursuing a foreign policy that will facilitate global engagement, allow the nation to maintain its sovereignty, and provide diplomatic freedom of maneuver through a “third neighbor” policy. 2 This policy is very much alive today but there is no reason to claim that its implementation is satisfactory. Mongolia has major investors from the US, Japan, Germany and France from the EU, for example. There are many universal conventions related to landlocked country. For Mongolia, access to sea via our two neighbors, means promoting economic ties with the third neighbors, as an important factor conducive to reinforcing the material foundations of Mongolia’s third neighbor policy.
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Ban, Haruki, Daisuke Yashiro, Kazuhiro Yubai und Satoshi Komada. „Modeling of Relation between Ankle Plantar Flexion Torque and iEMG“. In 2018 12th France-Japan and 10th Europe-Asia Congress on Mechatronics. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mecatronics.2018.8495840.
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Stansfield, Mark, und Kevin Grant. „Barriers to the Take-Up of Electronic Commerce among Small-Medium Sized Enterprises“. In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2662.
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Since small-medium sized enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role within many major economies throughout the world, their ability to successfully adopt and utilize the Internet and electronic commerce is of prime importance in ensuring their stability and future survival. In this paper, initial findings will be reported of a study carried out by the authors into the use made of the Internet and electronic commerce and key issues influencing its use by SMEs. In order to broaden the scope of this paper, the results gained from the study will be compared with figures relating to businesses in the rest of Scotland and the UK, as well as the US, Canada and Japan, and European countries that include Sweden, Germany, France and Italy. The issues raised from this study will be compared with similar studies carried out in other countries such as Australia, New Zealand and British Columbia, as well as countries within the European Union in order to provide a wider meaningful international context for the results of the study.
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Junaid, Sarah, Alison Gwynne-Evans, Helena Kovacs, Johanna Lönngren, José Fernando Jiménez Mejía, Kenichi Natsume, Madeline Polmear et al. „What is the role of ethics in accreditation documentation from a global view?“ In SEFI 50th Annual conference of The European Society for Engineering Education. Barcelona: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788412322262.1336.
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Ethics in engineering has long been an important element in engineering programmes, however these subjects are often taught at a basic learning level with little attempt to connect to demonstrative learning outcomes. In recent years there has been a step change in the importance of ethics as an integral part of engineering programmes and is reflected in the text of accreditation documents. In this paper we expand our analysis from an earlier study, which focused on four European countries, to understand the role of ethics on a more global scale. We conducted a multi-country analysis on how and where ethics features in accreditation documents in twelve countries across five continents (Belgium, Canada, Colombia, France/Switzerland, Ireland, Japan, Romania, South Africa, Sweden, UK and USA). We identified explicit or implicit references to ethics education, extracted verbs relating to learning outcomes, and compared definitions of key terms. A comparison to Bloom’s taxonomy showed considerably higher frequency of verbs linked to ethics teaching associated to lower levels of cognitive learning. Definitions of terms relating to the process of accreditation were often lacking in documents, highlighting a need for setting terms of reference. This study highlights differences in how ethics is described in accreditation documents. However, more needs to be done to explicitly highlight ethics as an integral part of engineering education. Relying on implicit links to ethics leaves the role of ethics open to interpretation, resulting in uneven emphasis in the translation of ethics within programme designs.
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Boltz, S., D. Chambers, S. Sbai und P. Janson. „Developing a Velocity Model for an Underground Coal Mine Using a Compressed Load Column Seismic Source“. In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0284.
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ABSTRACT Induced seismicity is common in underground mining, particularly in mines that cave by design, such as longwall coal mining. Seismic monitoring is one of the few remote sensing technologies that provide an understanding of a mine's response to extraction. However, its effectiveness usually depends on understanding event locations in relation to the mine workings. A significant source of uncertainty in event locations is the velocity model: a description of the speed at which seismic energy propagates. A nondestructive, repeatable compressed load column seismic source (CLCSS) was developed for velocity model calibration in underground coal mines. This paper describes the CLCSS and its application at a longwall coal mine. Signals from the CLCSS were detected up to 950 m epicentrally (1,100 m hypocentrally) from the source. Using the ground-truthed signals from the seismic source, we estimate a velocity model for locating events from a surface geophone array. Model performance is evaluated by relocating mining-induced events with well-constrained locations. A three-layer model with P-wave velocities ranging from 3.6 km/s to 4.4 km/s and a VP/VS ratio of 2.1 performed best with location errors of approximately 100 m, which is sufficient for many applications of seismic monitoring in coal mines. INTRODUCTION Coal bursts—violent dynamic failures which cause damage to mine openings—were first documented in European coal mines well before World War I (Guan et al., 2009) and continue to threaten underground coal miners around the world. For example, approximately 280 significant bursts occurred in U.S. coal mines between 1983 and 2017, seven of which resulted in fatalities (Mark, 2018). In China, over 200 coal mines have reported bursts cumulatively resulting in over 1,000 injuries and 100 fatalities in the past 10 years (Rong et al., 2022). Poland's Upper Silesian Coal Basin has experienced over 100 significant events, some of which resulted in injuries and fatalities (Mutke et al., 2015). Several other countries have also reported coal mine bursts, including Japan, Australia, India, France, South Africa, Czechoslovakia, Canada, Germany, and Russia (Lama and Bodziony, 1998). Although bursting mechanisms are not well understood and vary considerably, studies have identified risk factors including depth of cover or rapid changes in topographic relief, thick brittle strata near the coal seam, inadequately designed pillars, multi-seam interactions, and a variety of other mining and geological factors (Mark and Guana, 2016).