Bücher: „Fort Washington Way“

1

Detzer, David. Dissonance: The turbulent days between Fort Sumter and Bull Run. Orlando: Harcourt, 2006.

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2

Detzer, David. Dissonance: Between Fort Sumter and Bull Run in the turbulent first days of the Civil War. Orlando: Harcourt, 2006.

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3

Resnick, Benjamin. Archeological investigations at Great Meadows, the Mount Washington Tavern, and other areas of Fort Necessity National Battlefield, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. Silver Spring, Md: Denver Service Center, Applied Archeology Center, 1998.

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4

Jubal's raid: General Early's famous attack on Washington in 1864. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992.

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5

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Public Works and Transportation. Land conveyance to the Columbia Hospital for Women: Report (to accompany H.R. 3703 which on November 4, 1991, was referred jointly to the Committee on the District of Columbia, the Committee on Government Operations, and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.

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6

Lovell, David. Washington's dangerous mentally ill offender law: Was community safety increased? Olympia, Wash: Washington State Institute for Public Policy, 2005.

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7

Lovell, David. Washington's dangerous mentally ill offender law: Was community safety increased? Olympia, Wash: Washington State Institute for Public Policy, 2005.

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8

Glantz, Aaron. The war comes home: Washington's battle against America's veterans. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press, 2010.

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9

The war comes home: Washington's battle against America's veterans. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008.

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10

United States. Congress. House. Committee on the District of Columbia. Authorizing the conveyance to the Columbia Hospital for Women of certain parcels of land in the District of Columbia, and for other purposes: Report together with minority and additional views (to accompany H.R. 3703 which ... was referred jointly to the Committee on the District of Columbia, the Committee on Government Operations, and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.

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11

Lincoln under enemy fire: The complete account of his experiences during Early's attack on Washington. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2009.

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12

Transportation, United States Congress House Committee on Public Works and. Conveyance of land to Columbia Hospital for Women: Report (to accompany H.R. 490 ... was referred jointly to the Committee on the District of Columbia, the Committee on Government Operations, and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O.], 1993.

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13

The Day Lincoln Was Almost Shot The Fort Stevens Story. Scarecrow Press, 2013.

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14

George Washington's First War. Simon & Schuster, 2011.

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15

Images of America - Fort Myer. Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America: Arcadia Publishing, 2011.

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16

Dissonance: The Turbulent Days Between Fort Sumter and Bull Run. Harvest Books, 2007.

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17

Chollet, Derek. The Middle Way. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190092887.001.0001.

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This book explores the shared foreign policy legacies of Dwight Eisenhower, George H. W. Bush, and Barack Obama, and how they exemplify a distinct and underappreciated tradition of political leadership: the Middle Way. The book explores how these three presidents thought about the world and American leadership, and how they grappled with foreign policy crises and navigated politics. Drawing upon new archival research at the Eisenhower and Bush presidential libraries, and interviews with former Obama officials, the book shows how these presidents took a centrist approach to foreign policy and provides a model for America to reinvigorate its role as a global leader. This work of presidential history looks behind the scenes at some of the most important moments in foreign policy since World War II, and it explores the broader lessons for American foreign policy and leadership. The book reflects the author’s unique experience as a senior official at the White House, the State Department, and the Pentagon to show how Washington, DC, works from the inside; and in the process, offers a new way of thinking about American global leadership and makes a case for new ways to measure presidential success.

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18

What Was the March on Washington? Grosset & Dunlap, 2013.

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19

What Was the March on Washington? Grosset & Dunlap, 2013.

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20

Michaels, Jeffrey H. Essence of Indecision. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851163.003.0010.

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Informed and inspired by Freedman’s examination of the Kennedy administration in Kennedy’s Wars and his introduction of the ‘strategic scripts’ concept, this chapter analyzes Washington’s role in the 1963 military coup that deposed Ngo Dinh Diem as President of South Vietnam and saw him and his brother murdered the following day. The US role was, at best, indirect because of Kennedy’s indecision, but although Kennedy did not choose to overthrow Diem, his ambivalence produced the same outcome. While Washington had discussed the possibility of a coup, there was no thought that Diem would be killed. There was an assumption and contingency planning to fly Diem into exile, if the coup happened. There was no script for the situation that actually emerged. This gave rise to a script, which US policy makers have used ever since to deter discussion about overthrowing friendly governments whose leadership is viewed as problematic.

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21

Warfield, Patrick. Civilian Music in Washington. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037795.003.0006.

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This chapter looks at John Philip Sousa's involvement in Washington's civilian musical life during the 1880s. As the conductor of Washington's most stable ensemble, Sousa suddenly became one of the city's most prominent musicians. In the same way musical marines found theater work through their band, Sousa's new position provided him with the opportunity to serve as a guest conductor and featured composer for Washington's many other ensembles. Indeed, just as his relationship with the band was symbiotic, Sousa and Washington's amateur organizations found their shared work mutually beneficial. A local orchestra or opera company could clearly profit from the young musician's expertise, while Sousa was able to cultivate the theatrical interests that had so successfully sustained him in Philadelphia.

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22

Civitello, Linda. The Alum War and World War I. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041082.003.0009.

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The alum baking powder companies turned on each other over Calumet’s deceptive water glass test, in which egg albumen foamed up and looked more powerful than other baking powders. President Theodore Roosevelt ignored the Poison Squad experiments by USDA chief chemist Harvey Washington Wiley, and appointed famous scientists to the Remsen Board to investigate the effects that new chemicals in food, such as saccharin and baking powder, had on humans. Wiley continued his crusade at Good Housekeeping, where he withheld the famous “Seal of Approval” from alum baking powders. During WWI, doughboys developed a new appreciation for doughnuts, while Americans used baking powder to leaven rationed gluten-free flours, and baking powder use expanded in the Jewish community.

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23

Paliwal, Avinash. War and Terror. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190685829.003.0007.

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The Taliban’s destruction of the Bamiyan Buddha in March 2001 outraged India (and the world). It killed any scope for conciliation with the Taliban. In this context, the US decision to take military action in Afghanistan after the 9/11 attacks was welcomed by many in India. However, Washington’s decision to undertake such action without UN approval (which came only in December 2001) sparked another round of debate between the partisans and the conciliators. As this chapter shows, the former were enthusiastic about supporting the US in its global war on terror, but the latter advocated caution given Washington’s willingness to partner with Islamabad. Despite the global trend to ‘fight terrorism’, the conciliators were successful in steering India away from getting involved in Afghanistan militarily.

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24

Price, Kenneth M. Whitman in Washington. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840930.001.0001.

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During Walt Whitman’s decade in Washington, DC, 1863–73, he labored intensely, at times seeming to have three lives at once. He wrote the most distinguished journalism of his career; came into his own as a writer of letters; crafted memorable Civil War poetry, Drum-Taps and Sequel to Drum-Taps (1865) and later folded it into heavily revised and expanded versions of Leaves of Grass in 1867 and 1871; and produced his searching but also flawed critique of American culture, Democratic Vistas. Whitman’s work through the first three editions of Leaves (1855, 1856, 1860–61) often receives the highest praise, yet his writing in the Washington years is exceptional, too, by any reckoning—and is all the more remarkable given that he also cared for thousands of wounded and sick soldiers in Washington hospitals, serving as an attentive visitor. In addition, he served as a government clerk in various positions, most notably in the attorney general’s office when much was accomplished on the road toward a multi-racial democracy, including efforts to suppress the Ku Klux Klan, and much was also missed (both by the attorney general’s office and by Whitman) in the efforts to advance a more just and vibrant union. This book analyzes Whitman’s integrated life, writings, and government work in his urban context to reevaluate the writer and the nation’s capital in a time of transformation.

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25

Horne, Gerald. War Changes. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041198.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses how the U.S. entry into World War II marked a watershed for both the Negro press generally and the Associated Negro Press (ANP) specifically. The “Double V” campaign among African Americans targeting fascism abroad and Jim Crow at home was a simple continuation and escalation of ANP prewar policy. Despite the racial progress propelled by the antifascist war, there were contrary disquieting notes that did not escape the gaze of Claude Barnett. The Negro press could hardly ignore the ambivalence, if not outright support, within their constituency for Tokyo. This factor helped to further propel black militancy at a moment when Washington was demanding stolid acquiescence in the face of the external threat. This widespread sentiment had led FBI leader J. Edgar Hoover to demand Espionage Act indictments of certain Negro papers.

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26

James, Henry. Washington Square. Herausgegeben von Adrian Poole. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199559190.001.0001.

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‘She will do as I have bidden her.’ Catherine Sloper is heiress to a fortune and the social eminence associated with Washington Square. She attracts the attention of a good-looking but penniless young man, Morris Townsend. His suit is encouraged by Catherine's romantically-minded aunt, Mrs Penniman, but her father, a clever physician, is convinced that his motives are merely mercenary. He will not consent to the marriage, regardless of the cost to his daughter. Out of this classic confrontation Henry James fashioned one of his most deftly searching shorter fictions. First published in 1880 but set some forty years earlier in a pre-Civil War New York, the novel reflects ironically on the restricted world in which its heroine is marooned, seating herself at its close ‘for life, as it were’. In his introduction Adrian Poole reflects on the book's gestation and influences, the significance of place, and the insight with which the four prinicipal players are drawn. The edition includes an account of the real-life tale that sparked James's imaginative genius.

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27

Kerby, Lauren R. Saving History. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469658773.001.0001.

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Millions of tourists visit Washington, D.C., every year, but for some the experience is about much more than sightseeing. Lauren R. Kerby’s lively book takes readers onto tour buses and explores the world of Christian heritage tourism. These expeditions visit the same attractions as their secular counterparts—Capitol Hill, the Washington Monument, the war memorials, and much more—but the white evangelicals who flock to the tours are searching for evidence that America was founded as a Christian nation. The tours preach a historical jeremiad that resonates far beyond Washington. White evangelicals across the United States tell stories of the nation’s Christian origins, its subsequent fall into moral and spiritual corruption, and its need for repentance and return to founding principles. This vision of American history, Kerby finds, is white evangelicals’ most powerful political resource—it allows them to shapeshift between the roles of faithful patriots and persecuted outsiders. In an era when white evangelicals’ political commitments baffle many observers, this book offers a key for understanding how they continually reimagine the American story and their own place in it.

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28

Stole, Inger L. Advertising, Washington, and the Renamed War Advertising Council. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037122.003.0006.

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This chapter considers the debate over payment for the government’s home front promotions, which pitted the media’s desire for increased advertising revenues against concerns about government intrusion on the First Amendment. The government’s decision to rely on the advertising industry’s volunteer contributions through the Advertising Council was clearly a vote of approval for the organization, but it also imposed a huge responsibility on the business community, demanding a large and well-orchestrated effort. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how internal struggles within the Office of War Information helped to further solidify the advertising industry’s role in the war effort, which led the Council to change its name to the War Advertising Council.

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29

Lucander, David. “We Are Americans, Too”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038624.003.0002.

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This chapter traces the contours of interorganizational cooperation between the March on Washington Movement (MOWM) and other protest organizations during the period when MOWM transitioned into a permanent institution. Randolph tried to carve a niche for MOWM and its organizational identity as an all-black vehicle for a form of protest that it called “nonviolent goodwill direct action” galvanized around the slogan “We Are Americans, Too.” The demonstrations and rallies occurring in this period suggest that numerous grassroots activists and indigenous institutions such as churches and labor unions were involved in making Randolph's threat to march matter locally. Unfortunately, important local chapters, including the one in Washington, D.C., were sometimes wracked with disorganization, rendering them functionally useless. MOWM's failure to develop logistically crucial branches such as the one in Washington was a major reason this organization faded from the national limelight so quickly.

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30

Horne, Gerald. World War Looms. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041198.003.0004.

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This chapter describes how Claude Barnett began to collect material on racial problems in South America. It was at this point that Barnett and the Associated Negro Press (ANP) assumed more forcefully the role of the Negro's State Department, inquiring persistently about barriers strewn in the path of African Americans who sought to travel abroad. The ANP contacted the Brazilian embassy in Washington about the alleged barring of U.S. Negroes, though their charges were met with denials. Furthermore, the Mexican government irritably denied that it barred African Americans from arriving south of the border, after being accused thusly by Barnett. Meanwhile, the ANP did not necessarily come to this issue with clean hands, for it could be accused easily of falling victim to nativist bias in objecting to Latin American migration to the United States, as it demanded an open door for African Americans to enter other nations.

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31

Murphy, Mary-Elizabeth B. Jim Crow Capital. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469646725.001.0001.

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Jim Crow Capital tells the story of how black women in Washington, D.C. transformed civil rights politics between 1920 and 1945. Even though no resident of the nation’s capital could cast a ballot, women nonetheless proclaimed their first-class citizenship rights by working to influence congressional legislation, lobby politicians, shape policy, and secure freedom and justice for all African Americans, both in Washington, D.C. and across the country. During the course of their political campaigns, African American women’s relationship to federal and local politics underwent a fundamental transformation. During the 1920s, black women seized on their location in the nation’s capital to intervene in federal matters, thereby working to improve conditions for disenfranchised African Americans who lacked a political voice on a national level. But by the early 1930s, black women turned their attention to focus more fully on local politics in Washington, D.C. by waging campaigns for economic justice, voting rights, and an end to racial segregation and interracial police brutality, making their freedom struggle an example for the nation. Black women in Washington, D.C. crafted a broad vision of citizenship by waging comprehensive and interconnected campaigns for legal equality, economic citizenship, public commemoration, and safety from violence. Women’s political activism in Washington, D.C. influenced the post-war black freedom struggle and still resonates today.

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32

Lindsey, Treva B. Performing and Politicizing “Ladyhood”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041020.003.0004.

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This chapter explores the suffrage activism of black women in Washington. As one of the most pressing political issues of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the fight for universal suffrage was an important part of black women’s political activism throughout the New Negro era. The road to suffrage ended in Washington and black women suffragists in the nation’s capital were keenly aware the unique role they could play in advocating for universal suffrage. To understand the political culture of black women’s suffrage activism in Washington, the chapter centers on the March 1913 suffrage march in the nation’s capital to uncover the various dynamics of the suffrage movement and to specifically engage how black women thought about and enacted distinct political identities. For black suffragists, performative and aesthetic politics were resistive strategies for contesting their subordinate status in the political arena.

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33

Glantz, Aaron. War Comes Home: Washington's Battle Against America's Veterans. University of California Press, 2009.

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34

Glantz, Aaron. War Comes Home: Washington's Battle Against America's Veterans. University of California Press, 2009.

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35

Lucander, David. “An Economic D-Day for Negro Americans”. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038624.003.0006.

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This chapter examines the role of St. Louis March on Washington Movement (MOWM) in petitioning the Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC) to open a branch in the city. Making the FEPC a permanent agency within the federal government was thought to be key to keeping the precarious inroads made by black workers during the war and avoiding another round of hardship that mirrored the Great Depression. By 1949, it was clear that predictions of massive postwar job losses were tragically accurate. It seemed as if securing a federal fair employment law was the most effective way to safeguard the dwindling opportunities for gainful work, so the push for a Permanent FEPC became the centerpiece of A. Philip Randolph's program. The impact of a greater FEPC presence on the employment prospects of African American workers and job seekers is difficult to quantify, but once this office opened, MOWM redirected its energies toward helping that agency remediate racist employment patterns.

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36

Riordan, Timothy Benedict. The relative economic status of black and white regiments in the pre-World War I army: An example from Fort Walla Walla, Washington. 1985.

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37

Lindsey, Treva B. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041020.003.0001.

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In search of greater educational, employment, social, political, and cultural opportunities, many African American women migrated to Washington with formerly unimaginable aspirations and expectations for themselves. Colored No More establishes this search as formative to a New Negro ethos.The introductory chapter defines “New Negro” and constructs a gender-specific understanding of this historical era and identity, while introducing Washington as both a unique and a representative site for the emergence of New Negro womanhood. Challenging the temporal primacy on the Interwar period in New Negro studies, the introduction asserts the importance of examining the lives of African American women to revisit how we conceptualize the “New Negro.” This chapter also deconstructs our understanding of “colored” as simply a racial marker- gender mattered in how Blackness was experienced during the New Negro era. In search of greater educational, employment, social, political, and cultural opportunities, many African American women migrated to Washington with formerly unimaginable aspirations and expectations for themselves.

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38

Washington (State). Higher Education Coordinating Board., Hrsg. On your way: A guide for single parent students at Washington's public colleges and universities. Olympia, Wash: Higher Education Coordinating Board, 1993.

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39

Austin, Allan W. Race and Reconciliation at Mid-Century. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037047.003.0007.

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This concluding chapter covers the work of the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC) in the 1950s onward. Even as AFSC officials linked their efforts to the Quaker past and trusted Friendly methods, its staff understood that their approach to race relations had evolved since the Service Committee's earliest forays into the field. Furthermore, AFSC leaders understood the need for additional innovation in the early 1950s, especially as the Cold War intensified. The chapter traces the AFSC's activities during this period, including their attempts at expansion—particularly in the South—via the Washington Project. The Washington Project exhibited an expanding range of interracial techniques that had been evolving since the 1920s, especially an emphasis on education and intercultural exchange and a broader critique of and approach to racial problems in American society. Though the Washington Project would conclude in late 1955, the chapter shows how the AFSC continued their interracial activism still further South.

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40

Stole, Inger L. The Consumer Movement’s Return. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037122.003.0005.

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This chapter focuses on the concerns of Consumers Union (CU) about the mutually beneficial relationship between advertisers and Washington, including CU cofounder Colston Warne’s attempts to gain publicity and public traction for his crusade. It also examines the renewed interest in grading and standardization of consumer goods due to war conditions, and how the measure was as welcomed in activist circles as it was opposed in the advertising community. The core idea for the standardization of consumer goods had been rekindled as part of the government’s TNEC investigation and continued to linger as an issue throughout the war. Likewise, the changed economic situation brought on by the war again called the economic function of advertising into question and gave its critics new credence.

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41

Allison, Robert J. 4. War for independence. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190225063.003.0004.

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‘War for independence’ explains the strategies of the British under Generals John Burgoyne and Charles Cornwallis and of Washington's American army. In February 1778, King Louis XVI of France recognized the independence of the United States and pledged to fight against the British. France sent men and arms to America; more ominously for Britain, it could also attack the West Indies and even England. Spain declared war on England in April 1779, not to help Americans but to retake Gibraltar and weaken Britain in the West Indies and North America. Independence was finally achieved in 1783, but could the new nation create a government that would sustain independence, preserve individual liberty, and repay its debts?

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42

Horne, Gerald. Barnett Bestrides the Globe. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041198.003.0010.

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This chapter discusses the epochal meeting of mostly Asian and African nations in Bandung, Indonesia. Bandung was not just a turning point for the world; it was also a turning point for Claude Barnett and his agency. Bandung also signaled the coming era of decolonization and, with Africa surging to independence, Africans could now open government-to-government relations with Washington and there was less of a perceived need for those like Barnett to act as intermediaries and lobbyists. In any case, those like Barnett were coming to be seen not as honest brokers or disinterested politicos but just one more in a long line of entrepreneurs lusting after the vast resources of Africa and the Caribbean. Simultaneously, decolonization also meant that the newly liberated nations could exert pressure on Washington to erode the more egregious aspects of Jim Crow, which helped to foment “integration” that in turn served to erode the rationale for the Associated Negro Press (ANP).

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43

Warfield, Patrick. Into the Pit. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037795.003.0002.

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This chapter details John Philip Sousa's career as a violinist, his earliest efforts as a composer, and his first tours away from Washington as a professional theater musician. By 1874, Sousa had gained at least some experience as a violinist for light opera, the tradition in which he would soon make his mark as an arranger and composer. Sousa also worked at the Washington Theatre Comique. Moreover, he published three works during the early 1970s, all piano pieces on dance forms: Moonlight on the Potomac Waltzes, “Review,” and “Cuckoo.” While Sousa was conducting incidental music for Milton Nobles's play Jim Bludso, or, Bohemians and Detectives—which was presented at Kernan's Theatre Comique between June 21 and June 26, 1875—Nobles was impressed by the young conductor, and a few days later he sent Sousa a telegram asking that he join the troupe on tour. Sousa would then tour the Midwest and the southern United States for the next two months.

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44

Porter, Patrick. Blunder. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807964.001.0001.

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Why did Britain invade Iraq in March 2003? Debate around Iraq focuses often on illegality, lies, incompetence, or the personal psychology of Tony Blair. ‘Operation Telic’ is often presented as a war of bad faith, waged by elites who had unspeakable secret motives. Beyond fixations with ‘dodgy dossiers’, the flaws of individual leaders, or intelligence failure, Iraq was a real ideological crusade, made by people who were true believers. Deploying primary documents and retrospective testimonies of participants, Blunder reconstructs the assumptions underlying decisions, the policy ‘world’ that participants inhabited 2001–2003, and the way decisions were made. Contrary to much of the existing literature, this book puts ideas in the centre of the story. As the book argues, Britain’s war in Iraq was caused by bad ideas that were dogmatically and widely held. Three ideas in particular formed the war’s intellectual foundations: the notion of the undeterrable, fanatical rogue state; the vision that the West’s path to security is to break and remake states; and the conceit that by paying the ‘blood price’, Britain could secure influence in Washington DC. These issues matter, because although the Iraq War happened years ago, it is still with us. As well as its severe consequences for regional and international security, the ideas that powered the war persist in Western security debate. If all wars are fought twice, first on the battlefield and the second time in memory, this book enters the battle over what Iraq means now, and what we should learn.

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Walt, Stephen M. Rising Powers and the Risks of War. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190675387.003.0002.

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For realist theory, major shifts in the balance of power are a potent source of conflict and war. The main exception, which does not disprove the rule, is the United States. Realists believe China’s continued rise will lead to greater security competition between the United States and China and a heightened danger of war. China will try to reduce the US security presence in Asia, leading to competition for allies and influence. In the near term, most Asian states will balance Chinese power by aligning with Washington, but this process will not take place smoothly. Instead, America’s Asian alliances will face dilemmas of collective action, and uncertainty about alliances will tempt China to play “divide-and-rule” and lead to recurring crises. Realist theory cannot tell us the date when serious trouble will arise or the circumstances under which it will occur. But it warns that the potential for trouble is growing.

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46

Quad, M. Field, Fort And Fleet: Being A Series Of Brilliant And Authentic Sketches Of The Most Notable Battles Of The Civil War. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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47

Quad, M. Field, Fort And Fleet: Being A Series Of Brilliant And Authentic Sketches Of The Most Notable Battles Of The Civil War. Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 2007.

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48

Sgarlata, Cosimo A., David G. Orr und Morrison Bethany A., Hrsg. Historical Archaeology of the Revolutionary War Encampments of Washington's Army. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056401.001.0001.

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Annotation:

Historical Archaeology of the Revolutionary War Encampments of Washington’s Army presents archaeological and ethno-historic research concerning Washington’s Army’s encampments, trails, and support structures during the American Revolution. Important sites and preserves that the following chapters discuss include Valley Forge in Pennsylvania; Putnam Park and General Parson’s Preserve in Redding, Connecticut; Morristown National Historic Park in New Jersey; and Rochambeau’s marching trail through Connecticut. Topics pursued by contributors to the volume are the military discipline and training of soldiers; the routine activities of soldiers and officers; the special accommodations at George Washington’s headquarters at Valley Forge; the layouts and organizations of encampments; the participation of African descendants, Native peoples, and women in the war; and the historic technology used by soldiers to construct their winter quarters. The goals of this book are to demonstrate the usefulness of archaeology and ethno-history for scholarly research of the American Revolution, to provoke interest in the subject, and to convey the importance of protecting important cultural and historic resources. Additionally, the book demonstrates how creatively exploring new questions while applying advances in technology, methodology, and theory continues to provide new scholarly insights into both how the war was fought and what it meant to its participants. To all scholars interested in pursuing research into America’s Revolution, the book should also demonstrate that public outreach and information sharing is the real significance of any ongoing investigations, such as those presented here.

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49

Lindsey, Treva B. Climbing the Hilltop. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041020.003.0002.

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By the first decade of the twentieth century, Howard University emerged as the premier institution for higher learning for African Americans. Using the life of Lucy Diggs Slowe, a Howard alumnus and the first Dean of Women at Howard, this chapter discusses the experiences of African American women at Howard during the early twentieth century to illustrate how New Negro women negotiated intra-racial gender ideologies and conventions as well as Jim Crow racial politics. Although women could attend and work at Howard, extant African American gender ideologies often limited African American women’s opportunities as students, faculty, and staff. Slowe was arguably the most vocal advocate for African American women at Howard. She demanded that African American women be prepared for the “modern world,” and that African American women be full and equal participants in public culture. Her thirty-plus years affiliation with Howard makes her an ideal subject with which to map the emergence of New Negro womanhood at this prestigious university. This chapter presents Howard as an elite and exclusive site for the actualization of New Negro womanhood while simultaneously asserting the symbolic significance of Howard University for African American women living in and moving to Washington. Although most African American women in Washington could not and did not attend or work at Howard, this institution was foundational to an emergent sense of possibility and aspiration that propelled the intellectual and cultural strivings of African American women in New Negro era Washington.

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50

Campbell, John L. American Discontent. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190872434.001.0001.

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This book is about how Donald Trump, who had no prior public service, became president of the United States. It argues that Trump capitalized on a wave of increasing public discontent that stemmed from the demise of the country’s Golden Age of prosperity. This involved decades-long trends in the American economy, race relations, ideology, and political polarization, all of which fueled rising discontent across America. It reached a tipping point by the time Barack Obama was elected president. When the 2008 financial crisis hit and Obama was elected the first African American president, he tried to resolve the crisis and fix the nation’s ailing health care system. But in doing so he pushed rising discontent over the edge. Political gridlock in Washington resulted. Discontent skyrocketed. Americans were fed up and looked for a savior. Trump was lucky to be in the right place at the right time and rode that wave of discontent all the way to the White House.

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Bücher zum Thema „Fort Washington Way“

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