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Kremer‐Hayon, Lya. „The Knowledge Teachers Use in Problem Solving Situations: sources and forms“. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 38, Nr. 1 (Januar 1994): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0031383940380104.
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Lambert, Ronald D., James E. Curtis, Barry J. Kay und Steven D. Brown. „The Social Sources of Political Knowledge“. Canadian Journal of Political Science 21, Nr. 2 (Juni 1988): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900056341.
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AbstractThe study explored the sources of political knowledge using data from the 1984 Canadian National Election Study. Two dimensions of political knowledge were measured: factual knowledge, in which respondents were asked to name the 10 provincial premiers; and conceptual knowledge, in terms of respondents’ abilities to define and use the concepts of left and right. The authors tested four explanations of people's levels of political knowledge; these dealt with education, political participation, media effects and region, with controls for income, residency in several provinces, age and sex. Education was significantly associated with both forms of knowledge, but especially with conceptual knowledge. Reading about politics in newspapers and magazines was strongly related to the two knowledge variables. The effects of reliance on television for political information, however, were much weaker. There were significant effects for region, with the patterns depending on the type of knowledge. The study concludes with some observations about the role of knowledge in political behaviour.
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Doloreux, David, und Ekaterina Turkina. „Are winemaker consultants just another source of knowledge for innovation?“ Journal of Knowledge Management 21, Nr. 6 (09.10.2017): 1523–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-01-2017-0025.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the effects of multiple external sources of knowledge and of the use of winemaker consultants on innovation in the Canadian wine industry. Design/methodology/approach The data for the study are taken from an original survey of wine firms in Canada covering the 2007-2009 period. The survey was carried out by computer-assisted telephone interviews, and it was addressed to winery firms that are engaged in growing grapes and producing wine. Findings The results show that the use of winemaker consultants positively affects all forms of innovation. At the same, as far as external knowledge sources are concerned, marketing sources positively affect all types of innovation, while research sources and general sources have a positive influence on particular forms of innovation. The results also show that winemaker consultants interact with other knowledge sources. Nevertheless, there are important nuances with regard to which type of knowledge sources is more compatible with the use of winemaker consultants for which type of innovation. Originality/value To date, there is no empirical evidence of the extent to which the use of external winemaker consultants and external knowledge sources interact together and what are their impacts on the introduction of different forms of innovation.
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Wiedeman, Alejandra, Susan Barr, Timothy Green, Zhaoming Xu, Sheila Innis und David Kitts. „Dietary Choline Intake: Current State of Knowledge Across the Life Cycle“. Nutrients 10, Nr. 10 (16.10.2018): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101513.
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Choline, an essential dietary nutrient for humans, is required for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, the methyl group donor, betaine, and phospholipids; and therefore, choline is involved in a broad range of critical physiological functions across all stages of the life cycle. The current dietary recommendations for choline have been established as Adequate Intakes (AIs) for total choline; however, dietary choline is present in multiple different forms that are both water-soluble (e.g., free choline, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine) and lipid-soluble (e.g., phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin). Interestingly, the different dietary choline forms consumed during infancy differ from those in adulthood. This can be explained by the primary food source, where the majority of choline present in human milk is in the water-soluble form, versus lipid-soluble forms for foods consumed later on. This review summarizes the current knowledge on dietary recommendations and assessment methods, and dietary choline intake from food sources across the life cycle.
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Carazo, Alejandro, Kateřina Macáková, Kateřina Matoušová, Lenka Kujovská Krčmová, Michele Protti und Přemysl Mladěnka. „Vitamin A Update: Forms, Sources, Kinetics, Detection, Function, Deficiency, Therapeutic Use and Toxicity“. Nutrients 13, Nr. 5 (18.05.2021): 1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051703.
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Vitamin A is a group of vital micronutrients widely present in the human diet. Animal-based products are a rich source of the retinyl ester form of the vitamin, while vegetables and fruits contain carotenoids, most of which are provitamin A. Vitamin A plays a key role in the correct functioning of multiple physiological functions. The human organism can metabolize natural forms of vitamin A and provitamin A into biologically active forms (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid), which interact with multiple molecular targets, including nuclear receptors, opsin in the retina and, according to the latest research, also some enzymes. In this review, we aim to provide a complex view on the present knowledge about vitamin A ranging from its sources through its physiological functions to consequences of its deficiency and metabolic fate up to possible pharmacological administration and potential toxicity. Current analytical methods used for its detection in real samples are included as well.
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Sieradzka, Katarzyna, und Lidia Kaliszczak. „Sources of Knowledge and Networking as Conditions for Development of Innovative Undertakings in Poland“. Central European Review of Economics & Finance 28, Nr. 6 (31.12.2018): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2018.030.
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Start-up enterprises play a vital role in the knowledge economy, commonly acting as links between invention and innovation. Their development depends on an efficient start-up ecosystem including institutional environment. It comprises such classic institutions as business incubators, accelerators, technology parks, centres of technology transfer as well as increasingly popular forms of support like: mentoring, industry meetings, competitions, and hackathons. This paper is intended to analyse and evaluate non-financial support, mainly knowledge and business contacts (networking), in development of start-up enterprises in Poland.
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Polak, Przemysław. „The consequences of the use of online sources of information and mobile devices in university classes“. Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management 6, Nr. 1 (10.04.2018): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36965/ojakm.2018.6(1)81-92.
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This article presents the observation results of the use of different media by students during university computer lab courses. The observation results were supplemented with survey results on general preferences of the students regarding the forms of access to information. This study showed that students prefer to use electronic resources over traditional printed ones, as well as their clear commitment to the use of mobile devices. The students also preferred graphic forms of presentation over in-depth textual analyzes. The observation proved that many students have a problem with assessing the quality of information available on the Internet. Thus, it is proposed to use terms with alternative knowledge or post-truth knowledge to emphasize the importance of the problem of information source credibility.
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Milner, B. „Management of Intellectual Resources“. Voprosy Ekonomiki, Nr. 7 (20.07.2008): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2008-7-129-140.
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The article considers notion, diversity and sources of knowledge, the new role of intangible assets in organization as competitive advantage, the importance of intellectual resources. The main attention is paid to knowledge management functions and structures, new forms of organizations which create, spread and use intellectual resources.
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Wheeler, Billy. „Reliabilism and the Testimony of Robots“. Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 24, Nr. 3 (2020): 332–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne202049123.
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We are becoming increasingly dependent on robots and other forms of artificial intelligence for our beliefs. But how should the knowledge gained from the “say-so” of a robot be classified? Should it be understood as testimonial knowledge, similar to knowledge gained in conversation with another person? Or should it be understood as a form of instrument-based knowledge, such as that gained from a calculator or a sundial? There is more at stake here than terminology, for how we treat objects as sources of knowledge often has important social and legal consequences. In this paper, I argue that at least some robots are capable of testimony. I make my argument by exploring the differences between instruments and testifiers on a well-known account of knowledge: reliabilism. On this approach, I claim that the difference between instruments and testifiers as sources of knowledge is that only the latter are capable of deception. As some robots can be designed to deceive, so they too should be recognized as testimonial sources of knowledge.
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Brondi, Sonia, Giuseppe Pellegrini, Peter Guran, Martin Fero und Andrea Rubin. „Dimensions of trust in different forms of science communication: the role of information sources and channels used to acquire science knowledge“. Journal of Science Communication 20, Nr. 03 (10.05.2021): A08. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.20030208.
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This paper investigates the dimensions of trust and the role of information sources and channels in developing differentiated forms of science communication. The discussions from two public consultations carried out in Italy and Slovakia about controversial science-related topics were quali-quantitatively content analysed. The results show that scientific knowledge pervades diverse communication spheres, producing differentiated paths of trust in science. Each path is determined by topics (environment or health-related), information sources and channels preferred, and specific features of the multifaceted notion of trust. The contribution discusses cross-national commonalities and specificities and proposes implications for science communication.
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Han, Shi-Fan, Rui-Fang Zhu, Jia Xue, Qi Yu, Yan-Bing Su und Xiu-Juan Wang. „Construction of an ontology-based nursing knowledge system“. Frontiers of Nursing 5, Nr. 4 (31.12.2018): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fon-2018-0035.
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Abstract This study proposes the establishment of a knowledge-system ontology in the nursing field. It uses advanced data mining techniques, digital publishing technologies, and new media concepts to comprehensively integrate and deepen nursing knowledge and to aggregate sources of knowledge in specialized technical fields. This study applies all forms of media and transmission channels, such as personal computers and mobile devices, to establish a knowledge-transmission system that provides knowledge services such as knowledge search, update retrieval, evaluation, questions and answers (Q&As), online viewing, information subscription, expert services, push notifications, review forums, and online learning. In doing so, this study creates an authoritative and foundational knowledge service engine for the nursing field, which provides convenient, flexible, and comprehensive knowledge services to members of the nursing industry in a digital format.
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Popper, Nicholas. „Spenser’s View and the Production of Political Knowledge in Elizabethan England“. Explorations in Renaissance Culture 47, Nr. 1 (16.06.2021): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526963-47010006.
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Abstract This article analyzes the View as an example of knowledge production, rather than plumbing it for representation or ideology as scholars have traditionally done. Tracing the process of construction, sources, and generic conventions that Spenser wielded not only illuminates some of the more curious elements of the View, but also reveals his practices and motivations for it. As this article suggests, such an approach reinforces the idea that Spenser designed the View as an appeal for the patronage and support of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, by modeling specific forms of expertise and counsel characteristic of the Essex circle.
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Hussain, A., und E. L. Miller. „Evaluation of fermentation kinetics of different forms of starch and sugars using gas production technique“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600032797.
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Sugars and starch are used as fermentable metabolisable energy (FME) sources in ruminants. Compared with starch, sugars are associated with increased microbial protein supply to the animal when both types of carbohydrates are supplemented to the basal forage diet (Chamberlain et al., 1993). However different sugars respond differently which is associated to differences in their rates of fermentation. Knowledge of the fermentation kinetics of these FME sources is very helpful to synchronize energy and protein supply to the rumen. Limited data are available on the comparative rates of fermentation of starches and sugars. This experiment was conducted to determine fermentation kinetics of selected starch and sugars by measuring gas production, volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and protozoa changes in the fermentation medium
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Clemens, Iris. „Decolonizing Knowledge. Starting Points, Consequences and Challenges“. Foro de Educación 18, Nr. 1 (04.01.2020): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/fde.733.
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The call for the decolonization of knowledge refers to both its colonization and contingency and puts the focus on the multiplicity of knowledge. This contradicts European-North-American thinking and definitions of knowledge. Consequently, to advance an epistemological decolonization of knowledge, the actual process of defining knowledge will be analysed and the multiplicity of perspectives stressed at the epistemological level. Using Indian epistemology as an example, I will work out differences in definitions of knowledge and therefore basic diversifications in describing and explaining the emergence of knowledge. Truth-value-neutral forms of knowledge in particular challenge dominant European-North-American philosophical definitions, which incontrovertibly include assumptions of true or false knowledge. An interesting overlap between some Indian epistemologies and postcolonial theories can be observed with regards to the central role of the contextualization of knowledge production and the socially embodied nature of scientific knowledge in general. If the incentives gained are to be taken seriously, the consequences for educational science in general as well as educational practices must be discussed. According to the findings of organizational theory, emphasis on diversification and complication is also seen as an opportunity for the emergence of fresh meaning. Referring to Helen Verran’s concept of generative tension as a sign of collective creativity, encounters between diverse forms of knowledge and epistemological principles are seen as sources of creative processes and prerequisite for the emergence of new positions, perspectives etc., and thus as incubators for innovations.
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Hajkiewicz-Górecka, Maria. „Conceptions for Financing a Universal, Open, Repository Hosting and Communication Platform for Web-Based Knowledge Resources“. Foundations of Management 4, Nr. 2 (01.12.2012): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fman-2013-0007.
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Abstract The subject of this paper are alternative funding schemes for a planned universal, open, repository hosting and communication platform for web-based knowledge resources for science, education and an open knowledge society. An attempt is made to estimate the amount of funding needed by analysing the costs of procuring content from foreign and domestic sources, the digitization of library resources, capital expenditures and operating expenses of the institution that will manage the SYNAT platform. Assuming that access to knowledge resources will be free of charge for specified groups or all users, the potential revenue generated by the platform is defined - mainly: directly or indirectly from the national budget and supplementally from private sources. The possible organizational and legal forms of the institution administering the SYNAT platform - public and private sector entities - are reviewed in terms of the certainty and elasticity of funding by the national budget as well as other sources, ensuring the on-going operation of the scientific and technical information system.
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Gupta, Gunita. „Click Here: Unsettling Scholarly Writing Practices and Knowledge Representation“. Language and Literacy 22, Nr. 1 (24.06.2020): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20360/langandlit29516.
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In fine arts, a diptych usually consists of two paintings that are hinged or bound together to form a single piece that opens like a book. In my interpretation of the form, I have written this paper as a textual diptych. It consists of two halves—each of which provides a slightly different perspective and response to the question: How might scholars work to unsettle conventional practices of academic representation in order to allow for different knowledges and understandings to emerge? Further, I wonder in what ways I might expand how and what I write to include as-yet-unsanctioned thoughts, insights, sources, forms, and habits in order to unsettle conventional academic scholarship. This piece of work is my current contribution to the conversation on what it means to write academically, to represent one’s scholarship.
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Stanley, Jason. „Is Epistemology Tainted?“ Disputatio 8, Nr. 42 (01.05.2016): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/disp-2016-0001.
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Abstract Epistemic relativism comes in many forms, which have been much discussed in the last decade or so in analytic epistemology. My goal is to defend a version of epistemic relativism that sources the relativity in the metaphysics of epistemic properties and relations, most saliently knowledge. I contrast it with other relativist theses. I argue that the sort of metaphysical relativism about knowledge I favor does not threaten the objectivity of the epistemological domain.
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Ishimaru, Ann M., Filiberto Barajas-López und Megan Bang. „Centering Family Knowledge to Develop Children’s Empowered Mathematics Identities“. Journal of Family Diversity in Education 1, Nr. 4 (06.12.2015): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53956/jfde.2015.63.
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Researchers and educational leaders have long debated the appropriate roles and forms of family engagement in education. Although, in recent years, scholars have sought to understand how racially and linguistically diverse communities should participate in their children’s education, the field has struggled to recognize and engage families’ expertise and disrupt the dynamics of inequity that shape disengagement. In this article, we highlight recent understandings regarding the development of disciplinary identities and cultural practices in learning to offer new approaches to the field of family engagement for conceptualizing the untapped potential of nondominant family knowledge and cultural practices in learning settings. By highlighting examples from mathematics learning that center families as legitimate sources of knowledge, we suggest avenues for engaging diverse family leadership in co-designing equitable learning environments that foster students’ empowering disciplinary identities and learning.
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Puthusserry, Pushyarag, Zaheer Khan, Gary Knight und Kristel Miller. „How Do Rapidly Internationalizing SMEs Learn? Exploring the Link Between Network Relationships, Learning Approaches and Post-entry Growth of Rapidly Internationalizing SMEs from Emerging Markets“. Management International Review 60, Nr. 4 (21.07.2020): 515–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11575-020-00424-9.
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Abstract This article explores learning among rapidly internationalizing small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and how this supports the post-internationalization growth and survival of these firms. We utilize a qualitative multiple case study approach of ten information and communication technology (ICT) SMEs from a key emerging market—India. Findings suggest that during the post-entry stage, rapidly internationalizing SMEs use a wide range of internal and external sources of knowledge. External sources of knowledge include peer networks, associations in the same industry, international clients/partners, and international connections developed through trade fairs and trade missions. Internal sources of knowledge such as self-learning, especially from trial-and-error and experiential efforts, were found to enhance product, market and technological knowledge; and consequently aided geographic and product diversification. The findings also indicate that firms use a mix of integrated, vicarious, congenital and experiential learning approaches in their post-entry growth and survival phases. Experiential and congenital learning were found to be facilitated by firms’ internal network sources, whereas external network sources provide an ideal platform for vicarious learning. The study provides new insights into networking and learning by providing evidence that exposure to and connection with diverse types of networks can result in various forms of valuable learning for rapidly internationalizing SMEs, which enhances their post-entry growth.
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Roberto Antunes Scherer Júnior, Cláudio. „APRENDER NA ESCOLA PARA ALÉM DA SALA DE AULA: COMUNIDADES DE PRÁTICA, PARTICIPAÇÃO PERIFÉRICA LEGÍTIMA E ESPAÇOS DE AFINIDADE NO AMBIENTE ESCOLAR FORMAL“. COLLOQUIUM HUMANARUM 15, Nr. 2 (10.06.2018): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ch.2018.v15.n2.h364.
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The formal teaching environment can be a place of various forms of knowledge building. This can be verified in the daily life of any school institution, where the interactions between students are constant and, therefore, the exchanges of knowledge as well. The intention of this article is to problematizeon moments not considered as teaching / learning, extraclass moments that can become important knowledgesource for students' lives. For this, some authors from different areas of knowledge are mobilized, mainly Lave and Wenger (1991) who work with the concept of legitimate peripheral participation and communities of practice, and, Gee (2004) that articulatethe previous ideas to the interconnected context of present through the affinityspaces. The author's personal memories helped to think about some forms of extra-class learning possible in a formal school environment. The challenge of overcoming the hegemony of schooling, as well as the exclusivism of school contents as the only sources of knowledge, to the detriment of learning resulting from human interactions seems to be fundamental.
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Khan, Geoffrey. „The historical background of the vowel ṣere in some Hebrew verbal and nominal forms“. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 57, Nr. 1 (Februar 1994): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00028184.
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One of the most important sources for our knowledge of the length of vowels in the Tiberian tradition of Biblical Hebrew is a corpus of manuscripts containing transcriptions of the Hebrew Bible into Arabic letters. In most of the manuscripts the Arabic transcription employs the orthography of Classical Arabic to represent the sounds of Hebrew. Since Classical Arabic orthography used matres lectionis systematically to mark long vowels we are able to reconstruct the distribution of long and short vowels in Tiberian Hebrew. The transcriptions show us that the main factors determining vowel length were stress and syllable structure.
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Wang, Guo-fang, Zhou Fang, Ping Li und Bo Li. „Transferring knowledge from human-demonstration trajectories to reinforcement learning“. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, Nr. 1 (05.09.2016): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331216649655.
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Nowadays, transfer learning (TL) has become a crucial technique to accelerate the slow optimization procedure of reinforcement learning (RL) by re-utilizing knowledge acquired in a previous related task. Nevertheless, most of the current relevant research acquires knowledge through RL training in the source task, which would be too time-consuming. In view of this situation, in this paper, we propose a novel TL framework where the agent extracts knowledge from human-demonstration trajectories of the source task and reuses the knowledge in RL in the target task. As for what to transfer, two forms of knowledge deduced from the demonstration trajectories, which are the k-nearest neighbour of the current state in source samples and visit frequency of homologous states, are adopted. For how to transfer, the two forms of knowledge are respectively used to recommend a preferred action when random exploration is needed and to shape an instantaneous reward for RL. Simulation experiments of balancing Cart-Poles with different difficulties suggest that both the two forms of knowledge accelerate the learning process of RL obviously. What is more, the effect is even more significant when they are used in combination. In this case, the experimental results manifest the positive role of our framework in RL.
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Villamizar-Acevedo, Gustavo Alfonso, Sandrith Gisselle Lozano-León und Erika Dayanna Sierra-Garavito. „Creencias sobre las fuentes y formas de acceso al conocimiento generadas en las prácticas pedagógicas desde la perspectiva del estudiante“. Revista Perspectivas 2, Nr. 1 (01.01.2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22463/25909215.1281.
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ResumenDesde el punto de vista epistemológico, en la ciencia actual prevalecen dos corrientes acerca de la forma como es concebido el conocimiento: la empirista y la constructivista. Los estudiantes universitarios adoptan sus concepciones y creencias a partir de experiencias previas y de las propias derivadas de sus interacciones con los docentes durante las prácticas pedagógicas. El propósito de este estudio consiste en identificar las creencias que tienen los estudiantes universitarios sobre las fuentes y modos de acceso al conocimiento que se imparte en la universidad. Participaron 19 estudiantes, 14 mujeres ycinco hombres entre los 19 y 25 años, con una edad promedio 20 años, los cuales respondieron una entrevista estructurada de tres preguntas que indaga sobre las creencias acerca de las fuentes, modos de acercamiento y roles docentes en el acceso al conocimiento en la Educación Superior. Los resultados muestran que los alumnos conciben el conocimiento como adquisición de información, resultante de un proceso de apropiación de temas ya construidos, lo que evidencia una percepción empiropositivistaen relación con su apropiación.Palabras clave: creencias, fuentes de conocimiento, acceso al conocimiento From the student’s perspective: attitudes towards the forms and sources of accessible knowledge created in teaching methodsAbstractFrom an epistemological standpoint, in present day science there exists two theories about the way knowledge is conceived: empiricism and constructivism. University students adopt their own opinions and ideas about learning from their own previous experiences, as well as from the interactions they have with their professors over the course of their degree. The purpose of this study is to identify the student’s attitudes towards the forms and sources of easily-accessible information taught at university. The investigation itself consisted of 19 students: 14 women and 5 men, ranging from 19 to 25 years old, with an average age of 20. The students responded to a three-question survey which investigated their opinions about the sources, modes of approach, and the role of the professor in the access of materials in higher education. The results show that the students conceive knowledge as the acquisition of information, resulting from a process of building upon knowledge they already possess, which clearly evidences an empiric positivist perception in relation to the aforementioned process.Keywords: beliefs, sources of knowledge, access to knowledge Crenças sobre as fontes e formas de acesso ao conhecimento gerado nas práticas pedagógicas da perspectiva do alunoResumoDo ponto de vista epistemológico, na ciência atual prevalecem duas correntes sobre a forma como o conhecimento é concebido: a empirista e a construtivista. Os alunos universitários adotam suas concepções e crenças a partirde experiências anteriores e das próprias derivadas de suas interações com os professores durante as práticas pedagógicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as crenças que possuem os estudantes universitários sobre as fontes e modos de acesso ao conhecimento que foi ensinado na universidade. Participaram 19 alunos, 14 mulheres e cinco homens entre 19 e 25 anos, com uma idade média de 20 anos, os quais responderam uma entrevista estruturada de três perguntas que questionavamsobre as crenças, as fontes, modos de abordagem e papeis de ensino no acesso ao conhecimento naeducação superior. Os resultados mostraram que os alunos concebem o conhecimento como aquisição de informação, resultante de um processo de apropriação de tópicos já construídos, o que evidencia uma percepção empiropositivista em relação com à sua apropriação. Palavras-chave: crenças, fontes de conhecimento, acesso ao conhecimento
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Fontes, Margarida, und Cristina Sousa. „Types of proximity in knowledge access by science-based start-ups“. European Journal of Innovation Management 19, Nr. 3 (08.08.2016): 298–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-10-2014-0104.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the strategies adopted by science-based start-ups to gain access to knowledge resources at diverse spatial levels. It investigates the presence and relative importance of ties endowed with different types of proximity in firms’ knowledge networks, and the role played by non-geographical proximity in gaining access to knowledge sources, both nearby and distant. Design/methodology/approach – An analytical framework is proposed that distinguishes between two dimensions of proximity – geographical and relational – leading to different forms of proximity, which are further linked with modes of knowledge interaction (formal or informal). A methodology for network reconstruction is developed and applied to Portuguese molecular biology firms, permitting to identify the origin, location and nature of the ties and to position them along forms of proximity. Findings – The results show that the incidence and mix of the different forms of proximity vary in firms’ individual networks, being possible to identify several patterns. They also uncover the relevance of relational proximity, whether or not coexisting with geographical proximity and often compensating for its absence. Research limitations/implications – This approach needs to be complemented with further research that refines the operationalization of relational proximity, by attempting to disentangle the influence of different types of non-geographical proximity. Further research will also explore in greater detail the factors that may explain variety in the proximity mix of firms’ networks. Practical implications – The paper offers insights into the knowledge sourcing strategies adopted by science-based firms located outside the main concentrations of knowledge in their field. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the literature on the role of proximity in knowledge access, by developing and empirically testing a taxonomy of forms of proximity, considering the characteristics of science-based firms. It uncovers the mechanisms through which relational proximity can contribute to span spatial boundaries, highlighting the role played by entrepreneurs’ personal networks.
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Dau, Luis Alfonso. „Knowledge will set you free“. International Journal of Emerging Markets 11, Nr. 2 (18.04.2016): 121–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-02-2014-0019.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to combine notions from the POST Model of Economic Geography and Learning Theory from International Business to study how firms may enhance their responsiveness to institutional processes and changes through different forms of international learning. Focussing on one form of institutional changes, namely pro-market reforms, the paper analyzes how firms may boost the potential benefits from such changes through international strategies that increase their access to knowledge spillovers and absorptive capacity. These strategies include international product diversification, enhancing innovation capabilities, informal institutional exposure, accumulated internationalization knowledge, and overall experiential knowledge. Design/methodology/approach – The hypotheses are tested using generalized least squares models with AR(1) panel-specific autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity correction. Based on the preliminary analyses performed in these studies, the author also executes a Hausman test, Bartlett’s test, and James/Alexander’s test. The results of these analyses indicate that the use of random effects is appropriate; that moderating effects are present; and that multivariate analyses using these moderators are suitable, respectively. Findings – The results indicate that pro-market reforms have a positive and significant effect on the profitability of firms from developing countries. Furthermore, they provide support for the positive moderating effects of international product diversification, innovation capabilities, informal institutional exposure, accumulated internationalization knowledge, and overall experiential knowledge. Together, these findings suggest that through their international strategic decisions, MNEs can enhance their access to knowledge and become more responsive to institutional changes in their home market. Research limitations/implications – This paper contributes to the economic geography literature by linking the POST Model with the classification of types of knowledge from Learning Theory. The paper analyzes how characteristics of place, organization, space, and time play a different role for each of the three basic types of knowledge that is relevant for international firms: institutional, business, and internationalization. Furthermore, the paper contributes to the literature on reforms and firm profitability by delving deeper into the moderating effect of strategic decisions on the relationship between reforms and firm performance. This allows us to have a deeper comprehension of how various sources of international learning may enhance the responsiveness of firms to institutional changes. Originality/value – The paper provides several important contributions to the international strategy literature. First, it contributes to Learning Theory by combining it with the POST Model of Economic Geography to study how each of the three sources of knowledge (and their subcomponents) can be further broken down into factors of place, organization, space, and time. Second, it contributes to the literature of institutional change by studying how knowledge acquired through vastly different means can provide firms with sources of competitive advantage over other local competitors when responding to institutional changes in their home market. Third, it contributes to the literature on reforms and profitability by studying five novel moderators of this relationship.
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Console, Marco, und Maurizio Lenzerini. „Epistemic Integrity Constraints for Ontology-Based Data Management“. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, Nr. 03 (03.04.2020): 2790–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i03.5667.
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Ontology-based data management (OBDM) is a powerful knowledge-oriented paradigm for managing data spread over multiple heterogeneous sources. In OBDM, the data sources of an information system are handled through the reconciled view provided by an ontology, i.e., the conceptualization of the underlying domain of interest expressed in some formal language. In any information systems where the basic knowledge resides in data sources, it is of paramount importance to specify the acceptable states of such information. Usually, this is done via integrity constraints, i.e., requirements that the data must satisfy formally expressed in some specific language. However, while the semantics of integrity constraints are clear in the context of databases, the presence of inferred information, typical of OBDM systems, considerably complicates the matter. In this paper, we establish a novel framework for integrity constraints in the OBDM scenarios, based on the notion of knowledge state of the information system. For integrity constraints in this framework, we define a language based on epistemic logic, and study decidability and complexity of both checking satisfaction and performing different forms of static analysis on them.
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Adamchуk, Oleksandr. „Innovative sources of increasing the competitiveness of rural green tourism enterprises“. University Economic Bulletin, Nr. 46 (01.09.2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-46-38-45.
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The subject of research is the theoretical and practical aspects of the definition and implementation of innovations, forms and directions of innovation in order to increase the competitiveness of rural green tourism enterprises. The aim of the work is to identify innovative sources of increasing the competitiveness of rural green tourism enterprises and substantiate the factors, components and tools for innovation in a knowledge economy, digital technologies, non-cash payments, high-speed Internet. The methodological basis of the article were the theoretical and methodological provisions of modern business economics, historical and monographic methods of scientific knowledge, as well as system-structural analysis and synthesis of the study of phenomena and processes, problem-based approach in justifying types, forms and directions of innovation. Results of work. The sources and offered components, directions and tools of introduction of innovations in work of the enterprises of rural green tourism, including in the form of organizational and administrative, marketing, product groups of them are revealed; in the form of IT startups, touring and digital systems and backup networks; timesharing, clustering, strategic alliances and clubs; smart Internet projects, software organization and management of the actual agro-villages and tourist enterprises in the countryside to increase their competitiveness. Field of application of results. Conclusions and results can be used in the work of rural green tourism enterprises, rural communities, public organizations, local governments; in the educational and scientific process of economic faculties of universities, colleges of tourist specialization, other institutions of higher education. Conclusions. Innovative activity in the system of strategic goals, priorities and guidelines for increasing the competitiveness of rural green tourism enterprises in the era of knowledge economy and digitalization will take a leading place. The realization of their important socio-economic functions, as well as other subjects of social life is becoming increasingly associated with an innovative type of development. In turn, it is based on a continuous and purposeful process of finding, preparing and implementing innovations. The possibility and motivation to obtain higher incomes and the need to increase the efficiency of financial and investment resources forces the participants of the tourism business in the countryside to purposefully create new tastes, interests and needs, introduce fundamentally new products, products, services and technologies. All this is also connected with the acceleration of innovation processes.
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Cassirer, Ernst. „From the Introduction to the First Edition of The Problem of Knowledge in Modern Philosophy and Science“. Science in Context 9, Nr. 2 (1996): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026988970000243x.
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Modern thought would present only an incomplete and fragmentary picture of philosophy to us if we were to regard it as being completely disconnected from the elemental forces and sources of Greek philosophy. The corrective aspect that protects it from any such attempt at unmethodical isolation is, however, given within itself and in its own content. Its own inner progress necessarily leads it back to the principles and questions that distinguished Greek speculation, which it embodied in typical forms. The thought of the modern age proves its specificity in the fact that, notwithstanding the richness of content that it gains, it remains conscious of its relatedness to these basic logical forms and strives to return to them of its own accord. They will thus themselves appear to us of their own accord and incite us to regard their contents, if we just allow ourselves to follow the course of the investigation.
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Khallaf, Rana, Nader Naderpajouh und Makarand Hastak. „A systematic approach to develop risk registry frameworks for complex projects“. Built Environment Project and Asset Management 8, Nr. 4 (10.09.2018): 334–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-08-2017-0051.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to build upon the extensive application of risk registries in the construction literature and establish a systematic methodology to develop risk registries. Risk registries channel judgment of experts as a basis for risk analysis and should be tailored for each project to be more effective. Given their prevalence, there is a need for systematic integration of tacit and explicit knowledge to develop practical risk registries. Design/methodology/approach A combined approach is proposed using the systematic literature review (SLR) technique to integrate explicit knowledge and Delphi technique to integrate tacit knowledge in the development of risk registries. This two-step approach further increases the robustness of the registries by validating them through integrating and contrasting multiple forms of knowledge for a tailored risk registry. Findings The application of the proposed approach indicates that the use of multiple forms of knowledge can increase the robustness and practicality of risk registries. It also showcased its potential in the development of risk registries for complex projects. Examples include modification of risk factors obtained from the explicit sources of knowledge based on contextual tacit knowledge. Originality/value The proposed approach is an imperative step to standardize the development of risk registries. With its inherent validation process through integrating and contrasting tacit and explicit knowledge, practitioners can use this approach to develop practical risk registries for different categories of projects. Integrating different forms of knowledge can increase the impact of registries beyond risk assessment and in contexts such as decision making and performance assessment.
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Et.al, Fidlizan Muhammad. „Knowledge on the Calculation of Payable Income ZakahAmong Civil Servants in Malaysia“. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, Nr. 3 (10.04.2021): 462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.751.
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Zakah of income is a form of zakah which is legislated as mandatory for working individuals.The money received from the employers and fulfilled the conditions of zakahwhich are the rate (nisab) and period (haul) qualify individuals to perform zakah of income. Employees who work for the government receive several forms of income which make up the monthly gross salary. Among them are the monthly basic salary, monthly fixed allowances, overdue salary and bonuses. Therefore this study aims to identify the level of knowledge among government servants in calculating the payable zakah of income based on the sources of income that formulate the monthly salary. This study applies the quantitative study with descriptive analysis on the dataobtained using the instrument of questionnaire. As many as 772 respondents involved in this study by focusing on two sections namely the knowledge pertaining to the concept of income zakahand items of income sources. There are four items of sources studied which are the salary, monthly fixed allowances, overdue salary and bonus. Finding of analysis indicates that the level of knowledge among respondents related to the concept of zakah is significantly high. Itemized analysis reveals that respondents’ knowledge in the calculation of payable income zakah for the item of overdue salary is moderate, while for the bonus is low. Implication of the analysis shows that the calculation of payable income zakah needs a continous effort from the authority. This is to ensure indviduals to carry out their responsiblity of the Islamic pillar more obediently in the future.
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Verleye, Thomas J., Philippe Martinez, Rebecca S. Robinson und Stephen Louwye. „Changes in the source of nutrients associated with oceanographic dynamics offshore southern Chile (41°S) over the last 25,000 years“. Quaternary Research 80, Nr. 3 (November 2013): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.07.002.
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In order to obtain a better knowledge of past oceanographic variability offshore southern Chile, this study reappraises the changes in the sources of nutrients over the last 25 ka based on a detailed comparison of previously published nitrogen isotope and microfossil records (dinoflagellate cysts, coccoliths and diatoms) from ODP Site 1233 (41°S). Our findings support the main conclusions of Martinez et al. (2006) in the sense that both the Subantarctic Surface Water and the Gunther Undercurrent are potential sources for the recorded late Quaternary sedimentary δ15N signatures at Site 1233, with variable contributions of both sources during different time periods. This study indicates that Subantarctic Surface Water forms the main source for nutrients during the last glacial maximum (25–18.6 cal ka BP), the first part of the deglaciation (18.6–15.7 cal ka BP) and the Holocene (9.8 cal ka BP until present). An increased contribution of Equatorial Subsurface Water as a source of nutrients to the photic zone offshore southern Chile is observed between 14.4 and 9.8 cal ka BP, which is indicative for upwelling conditions at least after 13.2 cal ka BP as indicated by the microfossil data.
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McCarthy, Michelle. „Brick by brick: building up our knowledge base on the abuse of adults with learning disabilities“. Tizard Learning Disability Review 19, Nr. 3 (02.07.2014): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-12-2013-0051.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to draw readers’ attention to the myriad ways to find out about abuse towards people with learning disabilities. Design/methodology/approach – Whilst acknowledging the continued importance of research studies specifically focused on the topic of abuse, this commentary reviews information about abuse of adults with learning disabilities from other sources, e.g., through service audits, studies on sexual and personal relationships. Findings – Having many sources of information about abuse against people with learning disabilities is a good thing, but there are some problems associated with this. First, some forms of abuse appear to be easier to find out about than others, and second, the difficult question of how the information can be used to improve the lives of people with learning disabilities. Originality/value – This commentary encourages readers to take a broad view of abuse of people with learning disabilities and to use all the knowledge available to support individuals, whilst at the same time demanding social changes.
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Feldman, Jackie. „Knowledge at a Distance, Authority, and the Pilgrim’s Gaze—A Reflection“. Journeys 21, Nr. 1 (01.06.2020): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jys.2020.210107.
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Two themes that surface in the articles in this collection are: Visual knowledge and the means of acquiring it—the ability of pilgrims to see and read signs while overlooking or avoiding other sources of knowledge that are visible or readily available; and the issue of authority: who propagates and gains from the teaching, images, and practices of pilgrimage? The articles demonstrate that distance from pilgrimage sites and ignorance of local knowledge is important in intensifying pilgrims’ experience and maintaining the power of traditional authorities. While some shrines readily adopt new technologies to diffuse their messages, activities and images, pilgrimages continue to rely on embodiment and sociality to solidify communities and commitments. The variety of engagements of pilgrimages with changing media and emerging historical realities testifies to the viability of the forms and practices of pilgrimage in transmitting other kinds of knowledge.
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Trouelnikova, L. „The music-folklore sources of the cultural landscape of Ukraine“. Musical art in the educological discourse, Nr. 3 (2018): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2518-766x.2018.3.5460.
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Theorisation of music and folklore sources of the cultural landscape of Ukraine is done. The author has focused on the cultural understanding of the essential content of the category — folklore as the earliest type of folk artistic culture. It is based on the ethnic and national picture of the world. The author has emphasised that the national-ethnic picture of the worldview and world reflection is defined as the single cognitive orientation, which is the non-verbal and implicit expression of the group understanding of the “life rules”, caused by the social, natural and supernatural forces. The author has underlined that the musical folklore is a national mode in the Ukrainian traditional culture. It forms values and behavioural guidelines for the representatives of the community. They look like the grammar rules, reflected unconsciously by many people, structurise and direct their linguistic behaviour. The art historical analysis of the musical and folklore component in the rites of the Ukrainians is traced. The theorisation of the folklore as a type of culture, which shows the worldview of the subject and the system of its sociocultural orientation, allows us to understand its transformation and historical social dynamics.The purpose of the article is the cultural reflection of Ukrainian folklore as a the reflection of the worldview. The latter depends on the changes of the socio-historical realities in the folk wisdom, which forms the spiritual world as well as in the spiritual culture of the nation and the individuals. It changes as the embodiment of the people’s knowledge and values.The methodology of the research includes the using of the wide range of art history and musicology methods of the representation of the musical and folklore material and the analysis of academic commentary literature. In addition, the author applies the methods of the systematic review of the works of musical and folklore spectrum and the artistic activity of the individuals in the context of the Ukrainian rituals, which have allowed the author to use the the results of the research of the culturological system in the analysis of the facts of the manifestations of the sphere of musical folklore and their place in the Ukrainian life practices.The scientific novelty of the work is the representation of the Ukrainian music folklore as a type of culture, which differs from the professional and the mass ones. It expresses the national picture of the universe and the value-normative system of the people’s life. The author considers the picture of the world as the representation of the surrounding reality, the features of its perception, caused by the unity of subjective and objective conditions and factors of the formation of the national landscape. It allows the theorists and cultural practitioners to realize the significance of the music and folklore concept in the formation of the fundamental values of the Ukrainian nation. Thus, we should research the folklore, taking into account the actual content of the surrounding reality and human activity, its subjects (a bearer), social content, forms of life and functions, etc. It becomes possible if we consider the folklore as the reflection of a picture of the world that changes in accordance with socio-historical processes. We should note that folklore is a type of art as well as a folk wisdom that forms the spiritual world, the spiritual culture of the people and individuals. Finally, it is the embodiment of knowledge, values, norms and the patterns of social groups, communities and individuals.
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Arnoldi, Jakob. „(Medieskabt) Ekspertise i Medierne“. Dansk Sociologi 16, Nr. 3 (02.09.2005): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v16i3.725.
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(Media created) expertise in the media
The article develops a notion of expertise based on Bourdieu’s notion of
symbolic capital. This conception of expertise focuses on public recognition of different forms of capital that, through this public recognition, come to be seen as competencies, i.e. as expertise. The article furthermore argues that the transformation of field specific forms of capital - such as academic, intellectual or cultural capital - into symbolic capital increasingly happens in and through the mass media. In other words, journalists’ selections of expert sources legiti-mise certain professions and bodies of knowledge as experts and expertise. This has consequences for universities given the fact that: a) contemporary knowledge society contains many types of research institutions and profes-sions outside universities that can deliver expertise, and b) these institutions tend to be more willing than universities to play up to the mass media in order to secure the legitimisation of their knowledge as expertise.
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Akrich, Madeleine. „From Communities of Practice to Epistemic Communities: Health Mobilizations on the Internet“. Sociological Research Online 15, Nr. 2 (Mai 2010): 116–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.2152.
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This paper describes the emergence of new activist groups in the health sector, spinning off from internet discussion groups. In the first part, it shows how self-help discussion groups can be considered as communities of practice in which, partly thanks to the Internet media, collective learning activities result in the constitution of experiencial knowledge, the appropriation of exogenous sources of knowledge, including medical knoweldge and the articulation of these different sources of knowledge in some lay expertise. In the second part, it describes how activist groups might emerge from these discussion groups and develop specific modes of action drawing upon the forms of expertise constituted through the Internet groups. Activists groups together with self-help groups might form epistemic communities ( HAAS 1992 ), i.e. groups of experts engaged in a policy enterprise in which knowledge plays a major role : in the confrontation of health activists with professionals, the capacity to translate political claims into the langage of science appears as a condition to be (even) heard and be taken into consideration.
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Kowalska, Iwona. „Sources of financing knowledge-based economy: the case of formal, non-formal and informal education in Poland“. Oeconomia Copernicana 7, Nr. 1 (31.03.2016): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2016.006.
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Globalization, negative demographic trends, new sources of knowledge and volatile job market are the determining factors behind the change in approach to the education system in Poland. Formal, non-formal and informal education is the sine qua non of the implementation of a knowledge-based economy in Poland. This process, however, requires an in-depth analysis of the funding of education. So far there have been no Polish publications analyzing the funding of the three aforementioned forms of education. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to assess the possibilities to implement knowledge-based economy with regard to the current funding of formal, non-formal and informal education in Poland. The study involved the analysis of national and EU documents on subject and object oriented funding of educational tasks and procedures for determining the amount of funding allocated to these tasks. The analysis showed that the barrier inhibiting the implementation of knowledge-based economy is the lack of legal regulations enabling the implementation of new solutions for financing education in Poland. These solutions involve the effective joint funding from the state budget, local government budgets and private funds (provided by employers and learners). This requires urgent conceptual work and initiating implementation projects in the area of public finance in Poland.
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Grant, Cynthia, Noura Ziadi, Bernard Gagnon, Don Flaten und Jeff Schoenau. „Integrating knowledge of nutrient forms and dynamics into improved nutrient management practices: Atribute to Régis Simard“. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 89, Nr. 2 (01.05.2009): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss07095.
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Régis Simard and his colleagues developed a research program focussing on the agronomic and environmental impacts of nutrients in agricultural systems. The success of this program resulted from an integrated approach, linking assessment of nutrient availability to an understanding of nutrient dynamics in the soil, and applying this understanding to development of improved management practices for a variety of nutrient sources. Research into nutrient availability conducted by Régis and his co-workers led to improvements in quantification of nutrient supply, using traditional soil analysis with batch chemical extraction as well as ionic exchange membranes (IEMs) and electro-ultrafiltration (EUF). Ion exchange membranes are now used as a tool in routine soil fertility assessments and in agronomic and environmental research to study nutrient ion release rates. Additionally, intensive analytical techniques, such as sequential extraction and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) were developed and used to characterize the forms and relative availability of soil nutrients for plant uptake or environmental effects. Characterization of nutrient pools improved understanding of nutrient dynamics in the soil, allowing a more accurate assessment of the agronomic value and environmental risk of nutrients applied to agricultural systems. Building on this knowledge, Régis and his colleagues developed improved methods of utilizing manures, composts, paper mill sludge (PMS) and liming by-products, effectively diverting nutrients from the waste stream into a resource for crop production. This paper describes the contributions of Régis and his colleagues to the improvement of agronomically and environmentally sustainable nutrient management practices, based on an integrated research approach that provided a clear understanding nutrient availability and soil nutrient dynamics. Key words: Chemical extraction, integrated nutrient management, ion exchange membranes, paper mill sludge, soil phosphorus, soil potassium
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Balderrama, Jorge Inés León, Lydia Venecia Gutiérrez López und Cuitláhuac Valdez Lafarga. „Organizational Transformation to Promote Knowledge Transfer at Universities and R&D Institutions in Sonora, Mexico“. Industry and Higher Education 27, Nr. 3 (Juni 2013): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2013.0151.
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Using the results of an empirical study in the State of Sonora, Mexico, this paper reports on an attempt to identify trends and transformations that have taken place in the way knowledge transfer activities are organized and structured in higher education institutions and research centres. The research was designed to provide a characterization of organizational change that captures its complexity in different dimensions: corporate identity, new interface structures, new functions, new forms of human and financial resource management and intellectual property. To achieve this, information was collected and analysed from documentary sources and generated from a series of interviews with key personnel involved with science–industry linkages in the organizations studied.
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Worth, Nancy, und Esra Alkim Karaagac. „The temporalities of free knowledge work: Making time for media engagement“. Time & Society 29, Nr. 4 (17.07.2020): 1024–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463x20938593.
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This article situates media engagement as an under-examined form of knowledge work, offering a nuanced discussion of the temporalities of media work from the perspective of expert sources and contributors. Using in-depth interviews with expert women in Canada, we focus on the temporality of media engagement to understand the complexities of this labour—that it is often unpaid, ad hoc, and contingent. We offer three key findings: First, there is an ongoingness to media participation; preparation, training, and responding to comments are less visible forms of work beyond the obvious media contact. Unpacking the ongoingness of media engagement highlights the temporalities hidden within the extended present of media work. Second, contributors need to make time for this impromptu knowledge work, a complex process involving decisions about the value of each engagement. We argue that contributing to the media demands not only the knowledge work of being a source but also the labour to make and manage the time to contribute. Third, paying attention to the spacetimes of media engagement reveals the inequalities of this work. Contributing to the media often requires working beyond typical (paid) work hours and spaces, bringing additional burdens on women who do more caring and household labour. Examining the temporalities of media engagement as a form of invisible ‘free’ labour—and as a form of knowledge work that occurs inside other knowledge work—allows us to consider how work is changing in the new economy.
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Doncescu, Andrei, Sebastien Regis, Katsumi Inoue und Richard Emilion. „Analysis of New Aggregation Operators: Mean 3Π“. Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 11, Nr. 6 (20.07.2007): 561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2007.p0561.
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Knowledge based systems need to deal with aggregation and fusion of data with uncertainty. To use many sources of information in numerical forms for the purpose of decision or conclusion, systems suppose to have tools able to represent the knowledge in a mathematical form. One of the solutions is to use fuzzy logic operators. We present in this article an improvement of the triple Π operator introduced by Yager and Rybalov, which is calledmean3Π. Whereas triple Π is an operator completely reinforced, the presented operator is a mean operator, which makes it more robust to noise.
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Szeto, Elson, und Annie Yan Ni Cheng. „Pedagogies Across Subjects“. Journal of Educational Computing Research 55, Nr. 3 (14.09.2016): 346–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735633116667370.
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This case study examines preservice teachers’ integration of technology in teaching various subject domains. It aims to gain in-depth understandings of preservice teachers’ pedagogical patterns for teaching through the theoretical lens of technological pedagogical and content knowledge. Multiple data sources were collected in a teacher education institution in Hong Kong. The teachers’ pedagogical patterns vary depending on their instructional decisions affected by individual preferences, various subject cultures, and individual school settings. The patterns reflected various forms of technological pedagogical and content knowledge development in teaching different subjects. Implications for preparation of preservice teachers’ pedagogy, teacher preparation, and development are also discussed.
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Andrýsková, J., und T. Foltýnek. „Evaluation of the agricultural advisers’ knowledge and assessment of the entrance expectations coefficient “. Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 9 (17.02.2012): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5043-agricecon.
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Agricultural consultancy is the only way how to reach the money from the governmental or European sources for the most of the farmers. Therefore, education and competences of agricultural adviser forms one of the direct determinants of farmers economical success. This fact produces demand of the agricultural advisers’ knowledge measurement and press for their increasing. The AAC (Agriculture Advisory Competency) is a measurable value indicating the adviser’s knowledge and competency. Its purpose is to show the expected quality of potential consultancy services depending on the agricultural adviser’s education, experience, frequency of the knowledge improvement and past outcomes of his/her work. If the existence of the MAP (Management Advisory Portal) overviewing all adviser’s activity and managing the complex educational process including the knowledge testing is supposed, the value of the AAC can be assessed and actualized continuously, based on the fixed criteria. The assessment of the multidimensional model for the initial value calculation and its following actualization depending on the events invoked by every adviser individually or coming from the outside was the subject of the research.
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Makori, Elisha Ondieki, Dorothy Njiraine und Peninah Talam. „Practical aspects of implementation of institutional repositories in Africa with reference to the University of Nairobi“. New Library World 116, Nr. 9/10 (12.10.2015): 610–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nlw-10-2014-0125.
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Purpose – This paper aims to assess practical aspects of implementation of institutional repositories (IRs) in Africa with reference to the University of Nairobi and provide useful guidelines to the issues and lessons learned to the other practitioners. Design/methodology/approach – The study used cross-sectional descriptive survey design to gather and analyze data that was both qualitative and quantitative in nature. In addition, questionnaires, interview schedule and observation guide were utilized to collect data from the respondents. Findings – First, the study established that the IR has not been well integrated into mainstream information services of the library. Second, there is lack of awareness on the use of IR as an information resource on the part of students and staff. Third, there is need to integrate different forms of information into the IR including graphics, video and sound to carter for the whole population of users even those with disabilities. Finally, there is need for aggressive or serious rebranding, marketing and promotion of the IR. Research limitations/implications – IRs are vital sources of information that are increasingly being integrated and utilized in African higher education. Discussion of the University of Nairobi as a case study provides practical lessons, implications and home grown solutions for other institutions of higher learning in the African context. Practical implications – IR is not only contemporary or emerging source of knowledge, information and communication but also fundamental or basic in institutions of higher learning. Consequently, IR provides excellent opportunities for universities to expand knowledge beyond internal and external learning environments. Social implications – Being fundamental sources of knowledge, IRs provide and support teaching, learning, research activities, scholarly communications and community services in universities and the society at large. As information and communication hubs, IRs have reinvented the image and role of universities as sources of knowledge in the society. Originality/value – Universities need to embrace IRs as vital and valid sources of knowledge and learning. Developing IRs without aggressive rebranding, marketing and promotional strategies is not enough for universities, associated institutions plus the information staff, but with prove that the resources are being utilized to achieve organizational goals and objectives.
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Yaremchuk, Viktoriia O. „THE USE OF MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE CRIME INVESTIGATION“. Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, Nr. 1 (Januar 2019): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201901120.
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Introduction: Investigation of many types of crimes is accompanied by the involvement of health care workers. They, with the help of their special skills in the sphere of medicine, assist the investigator in identification, fixation and caption of evidence. Health care workers take part in many investigative procedures, carry out forensic, psychiatric and other kinds of examinations. The aim: To reveal modern forms of using medical knowledge during the crime investigation. Materials and methods: The abstract is based on the teachings of scholars of forensic physicians, criminologists, the results of our survey of investigators and forensic experts, the results of our generalization of criminal proceedings regarding the investigation of murders, normative and legal acts of Ukraine and other sources. The system of scientific knowledge methods: historical, statistical, questionnaires, generalizations and others, was used during the research. Review: Our research reveals the following forms of using medical knowledge during crime investigation. This is the participation of physicians as specialists in investigative procedures, like the review of the scene, interrogation, investigation experiment, examination, participation in the selection of biological samples for carrying out expert examinations, physicians’ assistance in the form of the recreation of the deceased person’s face with a view of its identification, also the consultations of physicians - cardiologists, traumatologists, surgeons, forensic experts, etc., carrying out of forensic and forensic and psychiatric examinations, use of medical knowledge in the form of molecular genome research with the view of person’s identification. The argumentative issues on the interaction between the investigator and the physician during the review of the scene, interrogation and other investigative procedures, implementation of molecular genome research and certain issues arising in the appointment of forensic and forensic psychiatric examinations are reviewed in the abstract. Conclusions: The use of medical knowledge is necessary for investigation of many types of crimes. The forms of using medical knowledge in the crime investigations such as the participation of physicians as specialists in the carrying out of investigative procedures, the physicians’ assistance in the form of the recreation of the deceased person’s face with a view to its identification and physicians’ consultations are widely spread nowadays. The conduct of forensic, medical and forensic and forensic psychiatric examinations is the most widespread. The use of medical knowledge in the form of genotyposcopic and molecular genome research carried out in order to identify a person during the crime investigations is popular nowadays.
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Belovski, Vojo, und Biljana Todorova. „SOURCES OF THE POWER AND THE AUTHORITY OF MANAGERS“. Knowledge International Journal 28, Nr. 1 (10.12.2018): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij280179b.
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The paper starts from the general approach to the content and essence of the categories of power and authority and their interrelationship at the level of theoretical analysis and practical existence and manifestation.The sources from which the power and the authority of managers emerge will be analyzed taking into account their position and role in the organizations and other forms of the existence of the managerial function.The power is the right to order and obligation to respect / apply the order - it is very present in the work and behavior of the managers. The power is visible in the area of the state activities, in the education system, among the family.The authority represents carrying out the will even when it is contrary to the interests of others. You can talk about economic, ideological, religious, media authority, the authority of political parties and interest groups.Organizations are composed of persons who perform greater or lesser degrees of authority and power. Sometimes the power and authority in the organization arise from the position of a person in the organization or from the knowledge and skills that a person possesses. Others express their authority in interpersonal relationships through their character. In practice, it is seen that individuals have formal power and no real authority.Most directly, the authority of managers is derived from their functions / activities in the enterprise, from the right to command and direct other people in their tasks and responsibilities. Their power stems from the right and the ability to create an environment in which other individuals will participate in the realization of the organization's goals, in other words, the right to create an atmosphere that will encourage people to dedicate themselves to the work and development of the enterprise.The authority of managers arises from their intellectual knowledge, often higher than the knowledge of employees, which also activates authority as a voluntary acknowledgment of influence on the subordinate.Through an analytical approach, analyzes will be made on some issues and aspects of the status of managers in the Macedonian society, through projected grouping / classification of types of managers. Also, an answer to the question of why the managerial function in the Republic of Macedonia is reviving.
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LANE, JOE. „Secrets for Sale? Innovation and the Nature of Knowledge in an Early Industrial District: The Potteries, 1750–1851“. Enterprise & Society 20, Nr. 4 (06.05.2019): 861–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2019.8.
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This article investigates innovation and knowledge circulation in the North Staffordshire Potteries during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It evaluates new empirical evidence of formal and informal patterns of knowledge creation and dissemination in order to highlight tensions between forms of open knowledge sharing and the private appropriation of returns to innovative activity. By presenting new patent data, it shows that formal protection was not a widespread strategy in the industry. It uses patent specifications to determine what types of knowledge were, and could be, patented in the district, and by whom. A range of sources are used to demonstrate evidence of innovation and knowledge appropriation outside of the patent system. The article identifies distinct types of knowledge in the industry and shows how differences in these led to a range of strategies employed by potters, with the role of secrecy highlighted as a particularly prevalent and effective strategy.
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Shengelia, Revaz, Jujuna siklauri-Shengelia, Megi Ananidze und Natia Shengelia. „Extended Reproduction of Scientific-technical Knowledge as a Major Source of Wealth Growth“. PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 104, Nr. 1-2 (04.04.2021): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/ecs104/1-2-47.
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The role of scientific-technical knowledge in the development of the economy, in the growth of wealth is clearly seen during the clarification of the issue of reproduction of scientific and technical knowledge, a number of aspects of which are unexplored or need a new review. In the modern conditions, especially in the creative economy, it is advisable to distinguish three forms of reproduction of scientific-technical knowledge, the practical implementation of which is extremely important to improve the investment environment. Especially it is noteworthy the third-extended form of reproduction of scientific-technical knowledge, which is directly related to qualitative changes, development, without which the production, accumulation and growth of wealth is unimaginable. There are some recommendations in this direction, the implementation of which, especially in the pandemic conditions, becomes more important. Keywords: Human capital, business environment, continuous education, investment attractiveness, creative economy, reproduction forms of scientific-technical knowledge.
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Sizemskaya, Irina. „Historiosophical Sources and Meanings of the Russian Philosophy of History“. Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences, Nr. 7 (08.11.2018): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2018-7-7-23.
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The article analyzes the socio-cultural and theoretical origins of the Russian philosophy of history. These origins determined the development of the philosophy of history as a special feld of philosophical knowledge. This process took place in the second half of the 19th century, a significant factor of which was the split within the cultural and spiritual unity of Russian society on the wave of Alexander II’s reforms associated with the abolition of serfdom. In this period the subject-matter of the philosophy of history was defned. In the author’s opinion, the subject-matter of the philosophy of history includes: 1) the historical process in its universal human dimensions and in “past – present – future” movement, 2) the life of society in historically concrete forms of the organization of human community, 3) historical epistemology. The article shows why the philosophy of history, formed in this research feld, was established in the public consciousness and intellectual context as historiosophy, i.e. knowledge of spiritual senses, the beginning and end of history. This philosophical-historical paradigm excluded the oppositions, on the one hand, between philosophical knowledge and historical science and, on the other hand, between the philosophy of the history and social philosophy. As the main ideas of the Russian philosophy of history during that period, the author considers the idea of the integrity of historical existence as an “organic life” (Granovsky) and the idea of the variability of the historical process, interpreted as the constant inclination of history to “permanent improvisation” (Herzen). The author pays special attention to the development of the concepts of “transitional form” and “chaos,” which provide the acceleration of the progressive movement of history and the possibility of an active and responsible participation of an individual and masses in it. The attention to this problem introduced the spiritual and moral component into the ontological basis of the historical process as well as the concept of necessity and chance, freedom and violence, revolution and evolution into the conceptual apparatus of philosophical and historical knowledge. As a result, simultaneously with the metaphysical principles, the principles of concrete historical and axiological analysis were integrated into the methodology of the philosophy of history. This approach to the analysis of the historical process has preserved its heuristic potential to the present day.
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Stiewe, Kerstin, Stephan Zech, Thomas von Borstel, Daniel Jarr, Katrin Klitzke, Christian Lechelt, Annett Mickel, Kerstin Schaefer, Mirjam Schubert und Julia Weiss. „Humanities and Technology – Multiple Sources for New Forms of Knowledge Production?: The Work Processes of the Interdisciplinary Research Training Group ‘Art and Technology’“. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences: Annual Review 5, Nr. 6 (2010): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1833-1882/cgp/v05i06/51765.
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