Thematische Bibliographien / Formation of photochemical smog

Inhaltsverzeichnis

  1. Zeitschriftenartikel
  2. Dissertationen
  3. Bücher
  4. Buchteile
  5. Konferenzberichte
  6. Berichte der Organisationen

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Formation of photochemical smog“

Autor: Grafiati
Veröffentlicht am 28. Juni 2021
Zuletzt aktualisiert am 4. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Formation of photochemical smog"

1

HEICKLEN, JULIAN. „The Formation and Inhibition of Photochemical Smog“. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 502, Nr. 1 Environmental (Juli 1987): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb37649.x.

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Lu, Haoxian, Xiaopu Lyu, Hairong Cheng, Zhenhao Ling und Hai Guo. „Overview on the spatial–temporal characteristics of the ozone formation regime in China“. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 21, Nr. 6 (2019): 916–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9em00098d.

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Ozone (O3), a main component in photochemical smog, is a secondary pollutant formed through complex photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
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Muilwijk, C., P. J. C. Schrijvers, S. Wuerz und S. Kenjereš. „Simulations of photochemical smog formation in complex urban areas“. Atmospheric Environment 147 (Dezember 2016): 470–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.10.022.

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Madronich, S., M. Shao, S. R. Wilson, K. R. Solomon, J. D. Longstreth und X. Y. Tang. „Changes in air quality and tropospheric composition due to depletion of stratospheric ozone and interactions with changing climate: implications for human and environmental health“. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 14, Nr. 1 (2015): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4pp90037e.

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Sakamaki, Fumio, und Hajime Akimoto. „HONO formation as unknown radical source in photochemical smog chamber“. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 20, Nr. 2 (Februar 1988): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550200204.

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6

Grenfell, John Lee, Barbara Stracke, Beate Patzer, Ruth Titz und Heike Rauer. „Potential of ozone formation by the smog mechanism to shield the surface of the early Earth from UV radiation“. International Journal of Astrobiology 5, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2006): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550406003478.

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We propose that the photochemical smog mechanism produced substantial ozone (O3) in the troposphere during the Proterozoic period, which contributed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation shielding, and hence favoured the establishment of life. The smog mechanism is well established and is associated with pollution hazes that sometimes cover modern cities. The mechanism proceeds via the oxidation of volatile organic compounds such as methane (CH4) in the presence of UV radiation and nitrogen oxides (NOx). It would have been particularly favoured during the Proterozoic period given the high levels of CH4 (up to 1000 ppm) recently suggested. Proterozoic UV levels on the surface of the Earth were generally higher compared with today, which would also have favoured the mechanism. On the other hand, Proterozoic O2 required in the final step of the smog mechanism to form O3 was less abundant compared with present times. Furthermore, results are sensitive to Proterozoic NOx concentrations, which are challenging to predict, since they depend on uncertain quantities such as NOx source emissions and OH concentrations. We review NOx sources during the Proterozoic period and apply a photochemical box model having methane oxidation with NOx, HOx and Ox chemistry to estimate the O3 production from the smog mechanism. Runs suggest the smog mechanism during the Proterozoic period can produce approximately double the present-day ozone columns for NOx levels of 1.53×10−9 by volume mixing ratio, which was attainable according to our NOx source analysis, with 1% of the present atmospheric levels of O2. Clearly, forming ozone in the troposphere is a trade-off for survivability – on the one hand, harmful UV radiation is blocked, but on the other hand ozone is a respiratory irratant, which becomes fatal at concentrations exceeding about 1 ppmv.
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Wakamatsu, Shinji, Itsushi Uno und Makoto Suzuki. „A field study of photochemical smog formation under stagnant meteorological conditions“. Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics 24, Nr. 5 (Januar 1990): 1037–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(90)90072-u.

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Sipakov, Rostyslav, Olena Voloshkina, Julia Bereznitska und Volodimir Trofimovich. „Assessment and forecast for the creation of photochemical smog over transport overpasses in Kyiv.“ DSpace at USEFUL.academy, Nr. 2018 (23.02.2018): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32557/dsua/20.500.12334/24.

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This article deals with the analysis of existing models of smog situation formation over automobile overpasses and in places of substantial congestion of transport in large cities, for example, in Kyiv. A mathematical model consisting of two blocks – dynamic and kinetic, which allows determining the formation of the thermal dome of pollution and the concentration of hydrocarbon emissions in the air, depending on the number of working engines, is proposed. The kinetic block of the model allows determining the level of formaldehyde, as an indicator of the appearance of photochemical smog in conditions of atmospheric constancy. The concentration of emissions from motor vehicles in the air is calculated over the main transport overpasses of the city of Kyiv at their full load (peak hours).
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Lim, Yong Bin, Hwajin Kim, Jin Young Kim und Barbara J. Turpin. „Photochemical organonitrate formation in wet aerosols“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, Nr. 19 (11.10.2016): 12631–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12631-2016.

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Abstract. Water is the most abundant component of atmospheric fine aerosol. However, despite rapid progress, multiphase chemistry involving wet aerosols is still poorly understood. In this work, we report results from smog chamber photooxidation of glyoxal- and OH-containing ammonium sulfate or sulfuric acid particles in the presence of NOx and O3 at high and low relative humidity. Particles were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). During the 3 h irradiation, OH oxidation products of glyoxal that are also produced in dilute aqueous solutions (e.g., oxalic acids and tartaric acids) were formed in both ammonium sulfate (AS) aerosols and sulfuric acid (SA) aerosols. However, the major products were organonitrogens (CHNO), organosulfates (CHOS), and organonitrogen sulfates (CHNOS). These were also the dominant products formed in the dark chamber, indicating non-radical formation. In the humid chamber (> 70 % relative humidity, RH), two main products for both AS and SA aerosols were organonitrates, which appeared at m ∕ z− 147 and 226. They were formed in the aqueous phase via non-radical reactions of glyoxal and nitric acid, and their formation was enhanced by photochemistry because of the photochemical formation of nitric acid via reactions of peroxy radicals, NOx and OH during the irradiation.
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Wei, Xiaolin, Ka-se Lam, Chunyan Cao, Hui Li und Jiajia He. „Dynamics of the Typhoon Haitang Related High Ozone Episode over Hong Kong“. Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6089154.

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It has been previously established that photochemical smog occurring in the Pearl River Delta Region (PRD) was associated with stagnant meteorological conditions. However, the photochemical smog (17 July to 20 July 2005) induced by typhoon Haitang was associated with moderate wind speed and nonstagnant meteorological conditions. The dynamic process of this ozone episode was studied using an integrated numerical model, that is, a mesoscale meteorological model and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Model performance has been evaluated using both ground-based meteorological and air quality observations. Analysis of simulated wind fields and ozone budget has been performed. This dynamic process is summarized into three physical factors. First, the westerly wind placed Hong Kong directly downwind of the PRD emissions. Second, the convergence of wind flow stimulated a vertical local circulation near the surface layer. This recirculation allowed primary and secondary pollutants to accumulate. Third, the conditions of high air temperature and low humidity resulted in active photochemical reactions. These combined effects resulted in the formation of high ozone in this episode.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Formation of photochemical smog"

1

Paulson, Suzanne Elizabeth Seinfeld John H. Seinfeld John H. „Contributions of biogenic and anthropogenic hydrocarbons to photochemical smog formation /“. Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1991. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-07172007-150535.

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Cohan, Daniel Shepherd. „Photochemical Formation and Cost-Efficient Abatement of Ozone: High-Order Sensitivity Analysis“. Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-09152004-150617/unrestricted/cohan%5Fdaniel%5Fs%5F200412%5Fphd.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.
Russell, Armistead G., Committee Chair ; Chameides, William L., Committee Member ; Wang, Yuhang, Committee Member ; Noonan, Douglas, Committee Member ; Chang, Michael E., Committee Member. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Loewenheim, L. „Photochemical smog in greater Cape Town“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15446.

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Bibliography: leaves 124-131.
Photochemical smog is the name given to a complex sequence of chemical reactions that occurs in the presence of sunlight. These reactions comprise a mix of organic and inorganic compounds, including a number of toxic secondary pollutants such as ozone (O3) and peroxyacetyl nitrate. These substances are commonly referred to as oxidants and are the result of numerous reactions of primary pollutants or precursors (including nitrogen oxides (NOx) and non- methane hydrocarbons (NHHC)) emitted from vehicle exhausts and to some extent industry, O3 is the major constituent of the photochemical oxidants, and its concentration is often used to determine the severity of photochemical smog. Limited research on photochemical smog in Cape Town has been undertaken, and this study has concentrated on providing a more detailed understanding of photochemical precursor and oxidant levels in the urban atmosphere of Greater Cape Town. This was approached by the investigation and assessment of the spatial and temporal behaviour of photochemical pollutants, making use of automatic monitor data collected from 1984 to 1986, and supplemented by data collected during a spatial survey in April and Hay of 1987. Precursor levels were found to be strongly influenced by the seasonal cycle of the weather and were highest in winter when stable atmospheric conditions prevailed, particularly during morning rush hours, O3 behaviour was complex and lacked any definite relationship to season or to selected meteorological variables, although the limited data indicated high levels during the early spring months. Peak levels were generally experienced on fair weather days during the early afternoon hours at the time of maximum ultraviolet radiation, O3 levels did not exceed the USEPA 1-hour standard of 0.12ppm during 1985 and 1986. The spatial distribution of precursor and oxidant concentrations showed the NOx levels to be spatially dependent, following the major arterial roads. NHHC levels were spatially less well defined than NOx, and O3 levels were spatially relatively uniform, exhibiting depletion due to scavenging by nitric oxide (NO) in areas close to main traffic routes. High NOx levels were experienced predominantly in the city centre, while the suburbs tended to experience the higher O3 levels. Cape Town was not considered to have a photochemical smog problem of the same magnitude as Los Angeles or Sydney, ( due to a number of factors which contributed to the complex situation (such as high NO levels, relatively low NMHC levels and strong winds in summer). However in the Northern Suburbs, the absence of high NO levels together with additional NMHC emissions from nearby industry led to the recognition of this area as one of potential photochemical smog formation.
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Plummer, David A. „On-line chemistry in a mesoscale model assessment of the Toronto emission inventory and lake-breeze effects on air quality /“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0028/NQ39304.pdf.

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Leone, Joseph A. Flagan Richard C. „Studies in photochemical smog chemistry : I. Atmospheric chemistry of toluene. II. Analysis of chemical reaction mechanisms for photochemical smog /“. Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1985. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12042006-093443.

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Andino, Jean Marie Seinfeld John H. „Experimental and theoretical studies of reactions important in photochemical smog : aromatics and alkanes /“. Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1996. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01032007-154253.

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Liu, Zhen. „Characterizing the photochemical environment over China“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43668.

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The rapid rising anthropogenic emissions driven by economic growth over China documented by satellite observations and bottom-up inventories have led to severely degraded air quality, and also have been suggested to be linked to the recent upward trends of tropospheric O₃ over the regions downwind of China. Multi-scale modeling analyses facilitated by ground-level, aircraft and satellite observations have been conducted to understand the atmospheric chemistry over China. Analyses using a 1-D photochemical model constrained by measurements at Beijing in August of 2007 suggest that reactive aromatic VOCs are the major source (~75%) of peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN). Detailed radical budget analyses reveal the very fast ROₓ (OH + HO₂ + RO₂) production, recycling and destruction driven by VOC oxidation and heterogeneous processes. Photoenhanced aerosol surface uptake of NO₂ is found to be the predominant source of nitrous acid (HONO) during daytime (~70%). 3-D regional modeling analyses of tropospheric vertical column densities of glyoxal (CHOCHO) from SCIAMACHY show that anthropogenic emissions of aromatic VOCs are substantially underestimated (by a factor of 5 - 6, regionally varied) over China. Such an underestimation is the main cause of a large missing source of CHOCHO over the region in current global models, and could also partly explain the underestimation of organic aerosols in previous modeling studies.
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Katkova, Olga. „Photochemical isomerization and stereoselective thermal cycloaddition reactions of conjugated nitrones“. Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1123003688.

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Brousmiche, Darryl Wayne. „Mechanistic studies of photochemical quinone methide formation via ESPT and formal long-range ESIPT“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58560.pdf.

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Blasco, Brusola Alejandro. „Mechanistic Studies on the Photochemical Formation and Cleavage of Oxetanes Derived from Pyrimidine Bases“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/165256.

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[ES] La luz solar puede producir daños en el ADN por absorción directa de luz UVB, o por fotosensibilización tras la absorción de luz UVA por parte de fármacos, que pueden actuar como fotosensibilizadores (PS). La benzofenona (BP), presente en la estructura química de una amplia variedad de fármacos, tiene el potencial de fotosensibilizar daño al ADN, especialmente hacia la base de timina (Thy). Este daño puede dar lugar a dímeros de pirimidina de tipo ciclobutano (CPD) y a fotoproductos (6-4) pirimidina-pirimidona ((6-4)PPs), los cuales pueden causar mutaciones graves, melanomas o incluso la muerte celular. En algunos organismos, los (6-4)PPs pueden repararse de manera eficiente por las fotoliasas, en lo que se podría entender como una reacción Paternò-Büchi (PB) inversa a través de un intermedio de oxetano altamente inestable. Con el fin de profundizar en la fotorreactividad de los derivados BP-Thy y en la ruptura fotoinducida de oxetanos, se sintetizaron por primera vez una variedad de diadas en las que Thy y BP están covalentemente unidas por un espaciador lineal de diferente longitud y naturaleza. La fotorreactividad de los diferentes derivados se investigó por fotólisis de destello láser (LFP) y espectroscopía de absorción transitoria a escala de femtosegundo; además, se aislaron y caracterizaron los principales fotoproductos (PPs) derivados de la irradiación en estado estacionario. Los resultados mostraron un alto grado de quimioselectividad en la longitud y conformación del espaciador. En cuanto a la reactividad fotoquímica, se formaron PPs derivados de la PB y de la abstracción formal de hidrógeno; así, las diadas con el espaciador más largo dieron lugar a la formación de oxetanos y de PPs de abstracción de hidrógeno. Por el contrario, las diadas con espaciadores más cortos formaron un fotoproducto de abstracción formal de hidrógeno y/o polimerización. Por tanto, la fotorreactividad se vio influida por la longitud del espaciador, correlacionándose bien con los tiempos de 3BP*, observándose los tiempos más cortos para las diadas de espaciadores largos. En relación con la fotoapertura de oxetanos, la irradiación de los diferentes regio- y estereoisoméros condujo a la formación de la típica banda de absorción triplete-triplete de BP; por tanto, dicho proceso opera de forma adiabática. La fotólisis del oxetano que resulta de la irradiación de la diada con el espaciador más largo mostró una banda de absorción transitoria sobre 400 nm, atribuida a la formación del exciplejo triplete entre BP y Thy covalentemente unidos. Por otro lado, se investigó la reacción PB y la cicloreversión de oxetanos que surgen de la interacción entre Thy o derivados de uracilo (Ura) y BP. Así, se sintetizó una amplia gama de oxetanos Thy-BP y Ura-BP con diferentes sustituyentes en las posiciones 1 y 5 de la nucleobase, incluyéndose los regioisómeros cabeza-cabeza (HH) y cabeza-cola (HT). Los estudios espectroscópicos (absorción transitoria ultrarrápida y LFP), junto con el análisis teórico, coinciden en que la cicloreversión fotoinducida para los isómeros HH y HT implica la formación de un exciplejo en el estado excitado triplete antes de la ruptura. Generalmente, se observó que la reacción fue completamente adiabática para los regioisómeros HH. En el caso del oxetano HH que surge de la interacción entre 1,3-dimetiltimina (DMT) y BP, se observó la formación de una banda ~400 nm, que se atribuyó al exciplejo triplete 3[DMT···BP]*. Su formación fue altamente regioselectiva, siendo más rápida y eficiente para el isómero HH que para HT. Estos resultados fueron confirmados por análisis computacional. En general, se observó adiabaticidad en el proceso de fotorreversión para todos los oxetanos investigados, con un alto grado de regioselectividad y con la participación de exciplejos triplete.
[CA] La llum solar pot produir danys a l'ADN per absorció directa de llum UVB, o per fotosensibilització després de l'absorció de llum UVA per part de fàrmacs, que poden actuar com fotosensibilitzadors (PS). La benzofenona (BP), present en l'estructura química d'una àmplia varietat de fàrmacs, té el potencial de fotosensibilitzar dany a l'ADN, especialment a la base de timina (Thy). Aquest dany pot donar lloc a dímers de pirimidina de tipus ciclobutà (CPD) i a fotoproductes (6-4) pirimidina-pirimidona ((6-4)PPs), els quals poden causar mutacions greus, melanomes o fins i tot la mort cel·lular. En alguns organismes, els (6-4)PPs poden reparar-se de manera eficient per les fotoliases, en el que es podria entendre com una reacció Paternò-Büchi (PB) inversa a través d'un intermedi d'oxetà altament inestable. Amb la finalitat d'aprofundir en la fotoreactivitat dels derivats BP-Thy i en la ruptura fotoinduïda d'oxetans, es van sintetitzar per primera vegada una varietat de diades en les quals Thy i BP estan covalentment unides per un espaiador lineal de diferent longitud i naturalesa. La fotoreactivitat dels diferents derivats es va investigar per fotòlisi de centelleig làser (LFP) i espectroscopía d'absorció transitòria a escala de femtosegons; a més, es van aïllar i caracteritzar els principals fotoproductes (PPs) derivats de la irradiació en estat estacionari. Els resultats van mostrar un alt grau de quimioselectivitat en la longitud i conformació de l'espaiador. Quant a la reactivitat fotoquímica, es van formar PPs derivats de la PB i de l'abstracció formal d'hidrogen; així, les diades amb l'espaiador més llarg van donar lloc a la formació d'oxetans i de PPs d'abstracció d'hidrogen. Per contra, les diades amb espaiadors més curts van formar un fotoproducte d'abstracció formal d'hidrogen i/o polimerització. Per tant, la fotoreactivitat es va veure influïda per la longitud de l'espaiador, correlacionant-se bé amb els temps de 3BP*, observant-se els temps més curts per a les diades amb espaiadors llargs. En relació amb la fotoapertura d'oxetans, la irradiació dels diferents regi- i estereoisòmers va conduir a la formació de la típica banda d'absorció triplet-triplet de BP; per tant, aquest procés opera de manera adiabàtica. La fotòlisi de l'oxetà que resulta de la irradiació de la diada amb l'espaiador més llarg va mostrar una banda d'absorció transitòria sobre 400 nm, atribuïda a la formació de l'exciplex triplet entre BP i Thy covalentment units. D'altra banda, es va investigar la reacció PB i la cicloreversió d'oxetans que sorgeixen de la interacció entre Thy o derivats d'uracil (Ura) i BP. Així, es va sintetitzar una àmplia gamma d'oxetans Thy-BP i Ura-BP amb diferents substituents en les posicions 1 i 5 de la nucleobase, incloent-se els regioisòmers cap-cap (HH) i cap-cua (HT). Els estudis espectroscòpics (absorció transitòria ultraràpida i LFP), juntament amb l'anàlisi teòric, coincideixen en que la cicloreversió fotoinduïda per als isòmers HH i HT implica la formació d'un exciplex en l'estat excitat triplet abans de la ruptura. Generalment, es va observar que la reacció va ser completament adiabàtica per als regioisòmers HH. En el cas de l'oxetà HH que sorgeix de la interacció entre 1,3-dimetiltimina (DMT) i BP, es va observar la formació d'una banda ~400 nm, que es va atribuir a l'exciplex triplet 3[DMT···BP]*. La seua formació va ser altament regioselectiva, sent més ràpida i eficient per a l'isòmer HH que per a HT. Aquests resultats van ser confirmats per anàlisi computacional. En general, es va observar adiabaticitat en el procés de fotoreversió per a tots els oxetans investigats, amb un alt grau de regioselectivitat i amb la participació d'exciplexes triplet.
[EN] Sunlight light can produce damage to DNA through direct absorption of UVB or, more commonly, by photosensitization upon absorption of UVA light by drugs, that act as a photosensitizer (PS). Benzophenone (BP) as a building-block is present in a wide variety of drugs, and have the potential to photosensitize damage to DNA, specially towards the thymine (Thy) nucleobase. The resulting DNA damage can give rise to bulky dimers, i.e. cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts ((6-4)PPs), which can cause severe mutations, melanomas, or even be fatal for the cell. In some organisms, (6-4)PP can be efficiently repaired by photolyase enzymes, in what could be a reverse Paternò-Büchi (PB) reaction through an unstable oxetane intermediate. With the aim of getting deeper insight into the photoreactivity of BP-Thy derivatives and in the photoinduced cleavage of oxetanes, a variety of dyads where Thy and BP are covalently linked by a linear spacer of different lengths and nature were first synthesized. The photochemical reactivity and the photophysical properties of the different derivatives were investigated by means of laser flash photolysis (LFP) and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy; besides, the main photoproducts (PPs) arising from steady-state irradiation were also isolated and characterized. The results showed a high degree of chemoselectivity on the linking bridge length and conformation. Concerning the photochemical reactivity, PPs arising from the PB and from formal hydrogen abstraction were formed. In this context, the PB reaction took place for the dyads with the longest spacer with complete regio- and stereoselectivity, along with a hydrogen abstraction process. Finally, the dyads with shorter spacers gave rise to a formal hydrogen abstraction photoproduct and/or polymerization. Accordingly, the overall photoreactivity was proportional to the spacer length and was well correlated with the 3BP* lifetimes, the longer spacers giving rise to shorter lifetimes. In connection to the oxetane photocleavage, irradiation of the different regio- and stereoisomeric oxetanes led to the formation of the typical triplet-triplet absorption band of BP. Accordingly, the photoinduced cycloreversion also operates as an adiabatic process. Photolysis of the oxetane that results from irradiation of the dyad with the longest spacer showed a transient absorption at ~400 nm, which is ascribed to formation of the purported triplet exciplex between BP and Thy covalently linked. Additionally, the PB reaction and the cycloreversion of oxetanes arising from the interaction between Thy or uracil (Ura) derivatives and BP were also investigated. Thus, a wide range of Thy-BP and Ura-BP oxetanes with varying substituents at positions 1 and 5 of the nucleobase were synthesized, including both the head-to-head (HH) and head-to-tail (HT) regioisomers. Spectroscopic studies, including femtosecond transient absorption and LFP results, as well as theoretical multiconfigurational quantum chemistry analysis, agree that the photoinduced cycloreversion for the HH and HT isomers involved the formation of a triplet excited exciplex before the cleavage takes place. Generally, the photochemical reaction was fully adiabatic for the HH regioisomers. In the case of the HH-oxetane arising from the interaction between 1,3-dimethylthymine (DMT) and BP, an absorption band at ca. 400 nm was formed, and was attributed to the triplet exciplex 3[DMT···BP]*. Its formation was highly regioselective towards the HH regioisomer, being faster and more efficient than for the HT isomer. These results were confirmed by computational analysis. In general, adiabaticity was observed in the photoreversion process for all oxetanes, with a high degree of regioselectivity, which falls in line with the theory of the involvement of a triplet exciplex in the process.
Thanks to the Generalitat Valenciana for the finantial support through the Santiago Grisolía grant.
Blasco Brusola, A. (2021). Mechanistic Studies on the Photochemical Formation and Cleavage of Oxetanes Derived from Pyrimidine Bases [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/165256
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Bücher zum Thema "Formation of photochemical smog"

1

R, MacKenzie A., Hrsg. Air pollution by photochemical oxidants. Amsterdam [The Netherlands]: Elsevier, 1994.

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Hozenka, Kanagawa-ken (Japan) Taiki. Kanagawa-ken ni okeru kōkagaku taiki osen no genjō to taisaku. [Yokohama-shi]: Kanagawa-ken Kankyōbu, 1986.

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Hozenka, Kanagawa-ken (Japan) Taiki. Kanagawa-ken ni okeru kōkagaku taiki osen no genjō to taisaku. Yokohama-shi: Kanagawa-ken, 1996.

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Hozenka, Kanagawa-ken (Japan) Taiki. Kanagawa-ken ni okeru kōkagaku taiki osen no genjō to taisaku. Yokohama-shi: Kanagawa-ken, 1988.

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Hozenkyoku, Tokyo (Japan) Kankyō. Konka ni okeru kōkagaku sumoggu ni tsuite. Tōkyō: Tōkyō-to Kankyō Hozenkyoku, 1986.

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Shafer, Toby B. Evaluation of chemical reaction mechanisms for photochemical smog. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Control, US/FRG/EC Workshop on Photochemical Ozone Problem and Its. Fourth US/FRG/EC Workshop on Photochemical Ozone Problem and Its Control: Proceedings : urban, regional, and global scale : issues and studies in the 1990s, Marriott Hotel, Charleston, SC, USA, Jine 13-17, 1994. Research Triangle Park, NC: Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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Kankyōbu, Chiba-ken (Japan). Kōkagaku sumoggu no hassei jōkyō: Shōwa 63-nendo. Chiba-shi: Chiba-ken Kankyōbu, 1988.

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Gardner, Edward P. The primary photochemical processes of acrolein. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory, 1986.

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Hull, L. A. Analysis of aldehydes and ketones in the gas phase. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Formation of photochemical smog"

1

Güsten, Hans. „Formation, Transport and Control of Photochemical Smog“. In Air Pollution, 53–105. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39222-4_3.

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Duc, Hiep, Vo Anh und Merched Azzi. „Modelling of Photochemical Smog“. In Environmental Modelling and Prediction, 361–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04868-9_10.

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Cecinato, A., E. Brancaleoni, C. Di Palo, R. Draisci und P. Ciccioli. „Detection of Nitrated and Oxygenated Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Suspended Particulate Matter Sampled in Urban Areas and their Relation with Anthropogenic Emission and Photochemical Smog Formation“. In Physico-Chemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants, 58–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3841-0_7.

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Ciccioli, P., E. Brancaleoni, C. Di Palo, A. Brachetti und A. Cecinato. „Daily Trends of Photochemical Oxidants and Their Precursors in a Suburban Forested Area. A Useful Approach for Evaluating the Relative Contributions of Natural and Anthropogenic Hydrocarbons to the Photochemical Smog Formation in Rural Areas in Italy“. In Physico-Chemical Behaviour of Atmospheric Pollutants, 551–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3841-0_61.

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Louka, P., G. Finzi, M. Volta und I. Colbeck. „Photochemical smog in South European cities“. In Air Quality in Cities, 185–222. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05217-4_9.

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De Martini, A., G. Maffeis, M. G. Longoni, F. Pasi, G. Graziani, M. Tamponi und G. Lanzani. „Modelling Photochemical Smog Episodes in Lombardy Region“. In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XIII, 47–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4153-0_5.

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Preiss, Philipp. „Photochemical Ozone Formation“. In Life Cycle Impact Assessment, 115–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9744-3_7.

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van Rheineck Leyssius, H. Jetske, und F. A. A. M. De Leeuw. „An Air Quality Forecast System for Photochemical Smog Episodes“. In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application VIII, 103–10. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3720-5_7.

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Tayanç, Mete, und Gürkan Göçmen. „Measurement and Analysis of Photochemical Smog over İstanbul, Turkey“. In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XIII, 737–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4153-0_83.

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Moussiopoulos, Nicolas, Athena Proyou und Peter Sahm. „Wind Flow and Photochemical Smog in Thessaloniki: Model Results Compared with Observations“. In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application X, 109–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1817-4_13.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Formation of photochemical smog"

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Muilwijk, C., P. J. C. Schrijvers und Sasa Kenjeres. „On modeling and simulations of photochemical smog formation in simplif ed and complex urban areas“. In THMT-15. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium On Turbulence Heat and Mass Transfer. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2015.thmt-15.1510.

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Teixeira, José, Luis S. B. Martins, Manuel Lopes, Senhorinha F. Teixeira und Manuel E. Ferreira. „Two Stage Atmospheric Burners: Development and Verification of a New Mass-Energy Balance Model“. In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38820.

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Nitrogen oxides (NOx) from combustion devices are responsible for the formation of acid rain and photochemical smog. This led to a growing environmental concern resulting in the creation of rigorous legislation for harmful emissions. For domestic hot water production appliances, particularly water heaters, there are already some solutions in the market able to achieve low pollutant emissions. However, the complexity of the solutions makes the price tag significantly higher, hampering its mass adoption. It is therefore essential to design and develop simpler and low cost solutions that meet the limits imposed by legislation. This work reports the analysis and validation of the air-gas fuel mixture in a water heater low NOx gas burner element. This is based on a pre-mixed flame made of two separate fuel systems. One is a lean mixture that provides the bulk of the heat load. The other is a rich pilot flame, used to stabilize the flame. For that, a mathematical model was developed and applied, which, upon initial settings, allows for the prediction of the amount of primary air drafted. To validate the theoretical results, experimental tests were performed using a Laser Doppler Anemometer to evaluate the influence of the throat length in the amount of entrained air, as well as, the air induced in the burner element under study. Furthermore, a parametric analysis was performed which evaluated the influence of some variables (geometry, physical properties of fluids, etc.) in the amount of entrained air. The numerical results for the air-fuel equivalence ratio of a conventional burner element (between 0.645 and 0.794) proved to be reasonably close to the value announced by the manufacturer (0.7). Numerical analysis of the burner element with pilot stabilization resulted in values that verify the difference between the richness of the two mixtures. By adjusting the throat-diffuser geometry one may tune the air-fuel ratio of each mixture.
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Ebert, Haseloff und Hartel. „Photochemical formation of free radicals“. In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.589510.

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Ebert, Bernd G., Reiner F. Haseloff und Heiko Hartel. „Photochemical formation of free radicals“. In 1992 14th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1992.5760868.

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Kroll, Jay, und Veronica Vaida. „PHOTOCHEMICAL FORMATION OF SULFUR-CONTAINING AEROSOLS“. In 72nd International Symposium on Molecular Spectroscopy. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15278/isms.2017.fa11.

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Xia, Lihua, und Dehui Wang. „Analysis on establishing the framework of advanced warning mechanism system of urban photochemical smog pollution based on MODIS data“. In Remote Sensing of the Environment: 15th National Symposium on Remote Sensing of China, herausgegeben von Qingxi Tong, Wei Gao und Huadong Guo. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.682187.

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Torres-Alacan, J., D. Czurlok, J. Lindner und Peter Vöhringer. „Ultrafast Vibrational Spectroscopy of Photochemical High-Valent Iron Formation“. In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.2016.um2a.7.

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Sviridenkov, Mikhail A., Alexander S. Emilenko und Wang Genchen. „Transformation of the optical properties and microstructure of aerosol during smog formation in Beijing“. In SPIE Proceedings, herausgegeben von Gelii A. Zherebtsov und Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.675359.

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Beeson, Karl W., Keith A. Horn, Michael J. McFarland, Chengjiu Wu und James T. Yardley. „Photochemical formation of polymeric optical waveguides and devices for optical interconnection applications“. In San Jose - DL tentative, herausgegeben von Ka K. Wong. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.24969.

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Bolte, Michel, Christine Pizzocaro und Christophe Lafond. „Photochemical formation of chromium (V) in dichromated materials: a quantitative and comparative approach“. In Lasers and Materials in Industry and Opto-Contact Workshop, herausgegeben von Roger A. Lessard. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.323477.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Formation of photochemical smog"

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Elliott, S., M. L. Prueitt, J. E. Bossert, E. J. Mroz, R. A. Krakowski, R. L. Miller, M. Z. Jacobson und R. P. Turco. Engineering photochemical smog through convection towers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Februar 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10123074.

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Moshiri, Ebrahim. Computer modeling of photochemical ozone formation: a simplified approach. Portland State University Library, Januar 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.817.

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Wurl, Oliver. Biofilm-like habitat at the sea-surface: A mesocosm study, Cruise No. POS537, 14.09.2019 – 04.10.2019, Malaga (Spain) – Cartagena (Spain) - BIOFILM. University of Oldenburg, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_pos537.

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OceanRep OceanRep Startseite Kontakt Schnellsuche Einfache Suche Erweiterte Suche Blättern Autor Forschungsbereich Publikationsart Jahr Studiengang Neuzugänge Artikel – begutachtet Alle Über uns GEOMAR Bibliothek Open Access Policies Grundsätze Hilfe FAQs Statistik Impressum Biofilm-like habitat at the sea-surface: A mesocosm study, Cruise No. POS537, 14.09.2019 – 04.10.2019, Malaga (Spain) – Cartagena (Spain) - BIOFILM . Logged in as Heidi Düpow Einträge verwaltenManage recordsManage shelvesProfilGespeicherte SuchenBegutachtungAdminLogout - Tools Wurl, Oliver, Mustaffa, Nur Ili Hamizah, Robinson, Tiera-Brandy, Hoppe, Jennifer, Jaeger, Leonie, Striebel, Maren, Heinrichs, Anna-Lena, Hennings, Laura Margarethe, Goncalves, Rodrigo, Ruiz Gazulla, Carlota und Ferrera, Isabel (2020) Biofilm-like habitat at the sea-surface: A mesocosm study, Cruise No. POS537, 14.09.2019 – 04.10.2019, Malaga (Spain) – Cartagena (Spain) - BIOFILM . Open Access . POSEIDON Berichte . University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 35 pp. [img] Text Cruise_Reports_POS537_final.pdf - publizierte Version Available under License Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0. Download (2417Kb) | Vorschau Abstract Biofilm-like properties can form on sea surfaces, but an understanding of the underlying processes leading to the development of these biofilms is not available. We used approaches to study the development of biofilm-like properties at the sea surface, i.e. the number, abundance and diversity of bacterial communities and phytoplankton, the accumulation of gel-like particles and dissolved tracers. During the expedition POS537 we used newly developed and free drifting mesocosms and performed incubation experiments. With these approaches we aim to investigate the role of light and UV radiation as well as the microbes themselves, which lead to the formation of biofilms. With unique microbial interactions and photochemical reactions, sea surface biofilms could be biochemical reactors with significant implications for ocean and climate research, e.g. with respect to the marine carbon cycle, diversity of organisms and oceanatmosphere interactions.
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