Dissertationen zum Thema „Formation de liaisons C-S“
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Leclercq, Elise. „Formation de liaisons C-S et C-C par activation photo- et électrochimique en flux“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSMRE/2023/2023ULILR037.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis describes the development of new methodologies for the formation of C-C and C-S bonds via electro-and photochemical activation in order to develop eco-friendlier batch and continuous flow processes. The use of photons offers organic chemists an excellent opportunity to introduce a high level of molecular complexity in a “reagent-free” environment. Organic electrosynthesis makes it to replace the use of oxidizing and reducing chemical agents by the addition or removal of one or more electrons from electrodes, which can be assimilated as a green, clean and trace-free reagent and which can be derived form renewable electricity. That's why, electrosynthesis is more and more attractive for carrying out oxidation-reduction reactions. In addition, the transposition of photochemical and electrochemical in flow is also more interesting as it makes possible to considerably reduce energy costs, reaction time but also to improve the selectivity of reactions. In the first part, this work focuses on the development of an imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines electrochemical sulfonylation reaction in conventional and flow reactors. This method is compatible with a wide range of nitrogen heterocycles and substituents (37 examples described with a maximum yield of 90%).The second part concerns the development of a new method for trifluoromethylation of nitrogenous heterocyles by electrochemical activationin conventional and flow reactors. This methodology makes possible to obtain a wide range of protected and unprotected trifluoromethyl pyridinones with average to good yields and without supporting electrolyte. Moreover, the conversion of this reaction to a method of oxy- and trifluoromethylation of cyclic enamides is introduced in a last part. The use of flow devices being limited to completely homogeneous reactions and to avoid any clogging phenomenon, only the reaction of oxy-trifluoromethylation could be carried out in fluidic reactor also allowing electrolyte suppression. The reaction tolerates many substituents both on the benzyl cycle and on the enamide cycle and the influence of the nucleophile on the oxy-trifluoromethylation reaction has been studied and led to average to excellent yields (55% to 90%).Finally, in the last section, we set out to develop a new method for C-C bond formation by photochemical activation via new aryne photoprecursors. The preliminary results obtained are encouraging for further study, with a view to transposition to a fluidic reactor.In conclusion, this work demonstrates the benefits and limitations of continuous flow technology, particularly for photochemical and electrosynthesis processes. The use of microfluidic devices in electrosynthesis enables the decarbonization of organic oxidation-reduction reactions, accompanied by a significant reduction in electricity consumption by a third at constant productivity, while limiting the use of supporting electrolytes in an atom-saving approach. This methodological approach coupled with a low-carbon electricity source is thus virtuous and thus offers a solution to current environmental problems. In addition, the development of a new methodology for generating arynes using green activation may prove promising for the future
Pagès, Lucas. „Hydrofonctionnalisation d'allénamides terminaux par catalyse au cuivre : formation de liaisons C-C, C-S, C-P et C-O“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENCM0017.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOne of the main objective of the thesis is to discover new economic, non-toxic and non-polluting processes for the synthesis of targets with high added value (in the field of pharmacy and materials), starting from simple starting molecules (possibly issues from the plant world). These new processes will mainly use homogeneous catalysis and inexpensive and low-cost metal catalysts based for example on copper (the methods that these new processes are intended to replace generally make use of very expensive and highly toxic palladium based catalysts and sophisticated ligands). The research will be based on the expertise of the host team in the field of hydrofunctionalization (ref 1) of unsaturated bonds (including hydroamination) as well as in the arylation of carbon, oxygenated or nitrogenous nucleophiles (ref 2) by copper catalysis (formation of C-C and C-heteroatom bonds). The project will include a synthesis methodology part as well as a very advanced mechanistic study of the discovered catalytic systems (NMR, kinetic studies, isolation of intermediate metal complexes, DFT calculations). Application and transfer to industry, where the team has a great deal of experience, will then be considered and implemented if necessary. 1. a) Chem. Comm, 2015, 51, 11210. b) Org. Lett. 2015, 17, 1224. c) Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 1482. d) Adv. Sytnh. Cat., 2017, 349, 4388. e) ACS. Catal. 2017, 7, 425. f) Org. Lett. 2018, 20, 223. g) Synthesis, 2019, 51, 1225. 2. a) Angewandte Chemie, 2007, 46(6), 934. b) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 337. c) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 6954. d) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 8725. d) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 12815. e) Chem. Comm, 2013, 49, 7412. f) Angewandte Chemie, 2015, 54, 1058. g) Angewandte Chemie, 2016, 55, 3785
Doussot, Joël. „Formation selective de liaisons c-n et c-cn par substitution nucleophile oxydante de liaisons c-h“. Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRitleng, Vincent. „Fonctionnalisation sélective de liaisons C-H dans des conditions douces : formation de liaisons C-C induites par le ruthénium“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrogneux, Xavier. „Transformations réductrices du CO2 pour la formation de liaisons C-N et C-C“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112136/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the current world, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major waste of the massive utilization of fossil resources but only few applications have been developed using this compound. In order to take advantage of its abundancy, the development of novel chemical transformation of CO2 to produce fine chemicals is of high interest in the scientific community. In particular, the formation of C-N bond(s) from CO2 and amine compounds unlocks a new way to access high energy and value-added. A second type of highly desirable transformation is the formation of C-C bonds with CO2 so as to synthesize carboxylic acid derivatives. The utilization of hydrosilanes as mild reductants allows the reactions to proceed under 1 bar of CO2 with abundant and cheap metal-based catalysts (iron, zinc) or with organocatalysts. The synthesis of formamides, methylamines and aminals from CO2 are described herein. Ultimately, the catalytic carboxylation of carbosilanes has been achieved for the first time using copper-based complexes. In the specific case of 2-pyridylsilanes, the use of pentavalent fluoride salts allowed us to perform the reaction without catalyst
Liu, Yujia. „Formation de liaisons C-C, C-S, C-N et C-P réalisée par catalyse au cuivre, au manganèse ou en absence de métal de transition“. Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCM0016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is one part of a general research of the novel, non-expensive and environmentally friendly methods for the synthesis of the interesting molecules in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical or material field. In particular, the objective consists of creating the C-C and C-heteroatom (S, N, P) bonds by using copper, manganese catalysis or transition-metal-free system.In the first part, a copper-catalyzed palladium-free Sonogashira reaction has been realized under biphasic conditions (water / organic substrates) allowing decreasing the copper loading up to 0.02 – 0.2 mol% and a potential intermediate species of this reaction, corresponding to a copper cluster linked with acetylide moiety, has been identified by X-ray diffraction.In the second part, we described a novel carbon dioxide involved copper-catalyzed system for the methylthiolation of aryl halides using dimethylsufoxide as a source of methylthio group. The presence of carbon dioxide is a crucial factor for the formation of aryl methyl sulfides products and its role is discussed.The third part describes the manganese-catalyzed homocoupling and cross-coupling reactions via the formation in situ of aryllithium from corresponding aryl halides or arenes. According to the experimental conditions, the symmetrical or unsymmetrical biaryls could be obtained. An intermediate complex of manganese which could involve in the reaction mechanism was detected by ESI-MS.Finally, a transition-metal-free system associating DMF with t-BuOK has been developed to realize the arylation of aromatic halide derivatives and various nucleophiles such as pyrazol, imidazole, dialkyl disulfide or diarylphosphine oxide. This project is at a preliminary stage
Vabre, Roxane. „Fonctionnalisation directe de liaisons C-H et couplages croisés pour la formation de liaisons C-C et C-N : synthèse de purines 6,8,9-trisubstituées“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923198.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVece, Vito. „Formation de liaisons C-C et C-O par activation électrophile de doubles liaisons catalysée par des superacides de Brönsted et de Lewis“. Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4028.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe use of Brönsted superacids (TfOH and Tf2NH) or Lewis superacids (M(n)(OTf)n and M(n)(NTf2)n) in organic synthesis presents a high interest in a wide number of reactions, particularly for the C-O, C-N and C-C bond formation involving the electrophilic activation of a double bond. These superacids could be used in sub-stoichiometric amounts whiole remaining more active and selective than more conventional Lewis acids, therefore improving the Green Chemistry aspects of our studies. We have used these catalysts to carry out Friedel-Crafts type reactions, tandem Friedel-Crafts-hydroalkoxylation processes and cycloisomerisations. The polyfunctionalised compounds for which a novel and efficient access is proposed present potential applications in medicinal, agricultural and perfume chemistry. A first chapter is devoted to the bibliographical studies of the various topics presented in this manuscript. In a second chapter, the Friedel-Crafts type allylation reaction from aromatic cycles, phenolic or not, have been studied and oriented towards the synthesis of valuable chemicals of industrial relevance. In a third chapter, mechanistic studies based on kinetic measurements and theoretical calculations on this reaction are presented. In a fourth chapter, cyclisation reactions of polyinsaturated compounds such as 1,6-dienes and aza-dines are presented. The cycloisomerisation of substituted 1,6-dienes allowed the access to several new compounds of interest in fragrance chemistry, a central interest of our laboratory. The application of the catalytic systems studied in the synthesis of compounds with odorant properties has
Tremel, Pascale. „Formation de liaisons C-C dans des réactions catalysées par des "superacides" de Lewis“. Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4126.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe carbonyl ene reaction, the cyclization of homoallylic and allylic alcohols to double bonds and the anodic cyclization of 1,6-dienes are useful methods in organic synthesis in order to obtain new compounds, with variable substitutions. The purpose of this work deals with the catalysis of these reactions by metal triflates and triflimides, more acidic than classical Lewis Acids. The carbonyl ene reaction with iron (II) triflimide led to the formation of cyclic hydroxylic compounds from aldehydes and ketones with only 0,1 to 10 mol% of catalyst. Ketone derivatives provided also cascade reactions. Five membered ring ethers were obtained by the cyclization of homoallylic alcohols with 1 mol% of Al(OTf)3. The cyclization of allylic alcohols led to five and six membered rings with 5 to 10 mol% of Al(OTf)3. The study of the anodic 1,6-diene cyclization provided a series of five membered ring compounds with addition of one or two methanol molecules with 10 mol% of Ce(OTf)3
Maillos, Philippe. „Formation de liaisons Carbone-Azote par réaction SRN¹ en série aliphatique“. Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112185.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCharvieux, Aubin. „Autotransfert d’hydrogène catalysé par du nickel hétérogène pour la formation de liaisons C-C et C-N“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1139.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA wide range of nucleophiles could be alkylated through borrowing hydrogen methodology using alcohols as low toxicity alkylating agents. Advantageously, the only byproduct of these high atom economy reactions is water. In this context, nickel supported on silica-alumina (65 wt% Ni/SiO2-Al2O3) was used to create C-C bonds, particularly to perform the α-alkylation of ketones with alcohols, of which methanol. The full characterization of this catalyst was made, before and after use. Ni/SiO2-Al2O3 was found to be recyclable over 5 runs for the α-alkylation of acetophenone with benzyl alcohol. The cross-benzylation-methylation of acetophenone with methanol and benzyl alcohols was also studied. The α-benzylation of phenylacetonitrile by benzyl alcohol was performed with Ni/SiO2-Al2O3. This catalyst was also able to catalyse the N-alkylation of amides with alcohols. In this case, an important leaching of the catalyst in solution was observed. Finally, Ni/SiO2-Al2O3 was also efficient to catalyze an acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling, allowing the synthesis of an indole from aniline and a vicinal diol
Oukhrib, Abdelouahd. „Valorisation des terpènes par formation des nouvelles liaisons C-C et C-X par voie catalytique et hémisynthèse“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0029/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe functionnalisation of natural products by hemisynthesis or catalytic reactions is a useful tool to accessand develop newinteresting molecules with biological properties.We have been interested in chemical transformation of the sesquiterpenes isolated from the essential oil of Atlas Cedar, which represent a family of abundant and inexpensive natural molecules The first part of this work concerns the hemisynthesis reactions on the himachalènes and α-atlantones by classical epoxidation, dihalogénocyclopropanation, Grignard and Wittig reactions with the aim to increase the known biological activity or to investigate novel properties. Olefinic derivatives obtained were then involved in the hydroformylation reaction catalyzed by rhodium complexes. This second part describes first the synthesis of phospholeligands and chiral biphospholes involved in this reaction.The performance of these ligands has been evaluated in the hydroformylation reaction of model substrates like styrene, octene and α-methylstyrene as well as that of the chiral biphosphosles ligands in the asymmetric hydroformylation of styrene. Then the reaction has been studied with the olefin derived from α-atlantones using [Rh(acac)(CO)2]/L (L= phosphine or phosphole) catalytic systems. These systemsshow active and give good chemo- and regioselectivity in favour of the linear aldehyde. We have also carried out the tandem reactions such as hydroformylation/Wittig/hydroformylation to obtain aldehydes with long-chain aliphatic and hydroformylation/acetalization reactions of homo- and allylic alcohols derived from α-atlantones to obtain new five-and six-membered lactones after oxidation of the corresponding hemiacetals. The last part describes the synthesis of new ligands (P-N) pyrrol-phosphine (phosphole) and their evaluation in the direct intramolecular arylation reaction catalyzed by palladium complexes under microwaves.This reaction provides access to lactones with a «dibenzo-pyranone» backbone. The complexes containing pyrrol-phosphine ligands give interesting results in terms of conversion and selectivity from various biaryl esters
Abed, Ali Abdine Racha. „Formation de liaisons C-C et C-hétéroatome par catalyse au cuivre ou en présence de complexes de ruthénium“. Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENCM0014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is a part of general research for novel, cheap and eco-friendly methods for the valorization of some subtrates and for the synthesis of interesting molecules in various fields such as material, pharmaceutical and organic chemistry. The main goal is to create new C-C and C-heteroatom bonds with high selectivity by using transition metal-catalysts.In the first part, a copper-catalyzed alkenes difunctionnalization has been realized to afford oxazolidinone, which contains an interesting moiety present in various bioactive molecules.In the second part, novel pyridyl diketone ligands associated to a copper catalyst have been employed in ammonia arylation reaction. This system led the amination of aryl iodides and bromides in mild temperature conditions to afford aniline derivatives, valuable molecules for the material chemistry.In the third part, we developed copper-catalyzed hydrofunctionnalizations of allenes to create new C-C, C-O and C-P bonds. These methods afford selectively the allylic products, that could be valuable key intermediates in organic chemistry.The last part consists in the developement of a novel ruthenium complex to allow the direct phenol amination without any previous activation.Key-words : alkenes, aniline, copper, allenes, hydrofunctionnalization, phenol, ruthenium
D'accriscio, Florian. „Complexes de nickel caméléons : exploration de tous ses degrès d'oxydation pour la formation de liaisons C-C et C-CF3“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30216.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research project aims at the study of nickel complexes in different oxidation states (from 0 to +IV) in order to promote C–C and C–CF3 bond formation. In a first part, low-valent nickel complexes are used as catalysts to perform Negishi and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. If the C–C bond formation is a well-known reaction using palladium catalysts, the use of nickel complexes as catalysts is more complicated to understand in the mechanistic aspect. In this work, the key point is the use of a bis-phosphine ligand which allows the synthesis and isolation of nickel(0) complexes. A full mechanistic study via stoichiometric reactions as well as DFT calculations confirms that the Negishi cross-coupling works only on a Ni(0)/Ni(II) catalytic cycle. Surprisingly, preliminary studies on the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions show that the mechanism pathway is completely different. In a second part, our interest is focused on the C–CF3 bond formation using high-valent nickel complexes. In chemical industries, the C–CF3 bond formation requires harsh conditions and also produces toxic waste for the environment. This mainly explains why the use of transition metals is still challenging in this topic. However in the last few years, the interest for the use of nickel complexes as coupling agent for C–CF3 bond formation has grown. This work deals with the synthesis of nickel(III) complexes bearing two CF3 substituents and the use of a dimeric nickel(III) complex as a building block for the formation [NiIII(CF3)2] type complexes. If these species do not promote the C–CF3 cross coupling, a nickel(IV) complex shows its ability to create this bond. Moreover, this is the first nickel(IV) species bearing both fluorine and CF3 substituents at the same metal center and promoting C–H bond activation
Wencel-Delord, Joanna. „Synthèse des ligands chiraux DiPPAM et évaluation de leurs complexes métalliques pour la formation de liaison C-C“. Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNew chiral P,N,O ligands, the phosphinoazomethinaylate salts (DiPPAMs) were developed. A library of 8 DiPPAM ligands was prepared in one-step synthesis, without any purification and in quantitative yields. Applications of DiPPAMs for C-C bond formations were investigated. High enantioselectivities were obtained for 1,4- and 1,6-copper catalyzed conjugate additions. Furthermore, an original Pd/DiPPAM complex was synthesized and evaluated for Tsuji-Trost reaction on symmetric and dissymmetric substrates. Good ee’s were obtained in the first case and a kinetic resolution was observed in the case of substrates bearing two different substituents on the external allylic carbones
Begouin, Jeanne-Marie. „Activation de composés aromatiques et hétéroaromatiques pour la formation de liaisons C-C et C-N par catalyse au cobalt“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTransition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions allowing the formation of C-C or C-Heteroatom bonds underlie the synthesis of key intermediates for pharmaceutical, supramolecular chemistry and material sciences. Thereby, the development of these methodologies is prominent and an increasing number of studies are devoted to these processes. However, some metallic catalysts are known to be rather expensive or toxic. Consequently, the development of alternative sustainable catalysts such as cobalt or ironbased catalysts has been studied over the past few years. Cobalt-catalysts have been little-used although they have shown to be effective for various C-C bond forming reactions. Functionalized arylzinc reagents can be readily obtained from the corresponding arylhalides using a CoBr2-catalyzed reaction. First we envisioned using these arylzinc reagents in CoBr2-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with chlorodiazines and chlorotriazines leading to aryldiazines and aryltriazines. Benzylzinc reagents had also been used in these reactions and we synthesized various benzyltriazines in this manner. We also studied whether we can use other kind of substrates in these reactions. Thus, we performed CoBr2-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions between arylzinc reagents and methylthiopyrimidines or methylthiobenzo[b]thiazole derivatives leading to 2,4-diarylpyrimidines and 2- arylbenzo[b]thiazole. Then, we studied the reactivity of benzonitrile derivatives in direct cross-coupling reactions with arylhalide based on C-CN bond activation using CoBr2 as catalyst. Finally, we also carried out the study of CoBr2-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions for the synthesis of diarylamines
Bouquin, Maxime. „Formation de liaisons C-C et C-hétéroatome catalysée par des métaux plus respectueux de l'environnement ou en leur absence“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. https://theses.enscm.fr/ENSCM_2022_BOUQUIN.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe proposed research program is within the general framework of green syntheses for sustainable chemistry through the development of new catalytic systems performing challenging reactions. More specifically, the objectives of our project lie within the framework of transition metal catalyzed or transition metal free mediated/catalyzed arylation of nucleophiles (coupling of N-, O-, S-, P-, C-nucleophiles with aromatic halides). This type of reaction, which allows the formation of C-N, C-O, C-C, C-S or C-P bonds, is without any doubt one of the most important transformation in organic synthesis. Numerous types of catalytic systems have been described in this field, mainly based on nickel, palladium and more recently copper. The families of aromatic molecules obtained (Ar-Nu) by these reactions are very interesting building blocks since they constitute the main part (about 70%) of active molecules in life sciences (pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals) and of many material precursors. This reaction is thus of major importance for industry. The proposed research program, which focuses on the discovery of novel competitive and environmentally friendly catalytic systems for this type of reactions, belongs to the field of sustainable development (non-toxic, non-polluting, low cost catalytic systems – REACH regulation). The project will be implemented following 2 synthetic objectives (Transition metal free mediated C-C and C-heteroatom bond formations and New concept for the Cu-catalyzed arylation of nucleophiles from ArCl), complemented by a transversal one (Mechanistic study)
Berges, Julien. „Formation de liaisons C-C et C-N par catalyse au Cuivre, au Fer ou en absence de metal de transition“. Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENCM0014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is part of a very general search seek to develop methodologies for environmentally sustainable conversion of small molecules into more valuable substances catalyzed by copper and iron complexes or under metal-free conditions. The work focuses on the functionalization of aromatic rings by C-C or C-N bond formation.In a first chapter, a novel coupling involving an aryldiazonium salt and a nitrogenous nucleophile (CAr-N bond formation) is first described. The method proceeds under mild conditions using a cheap and non-toxic copper catalyst system. The obtained coupling products (Ar-NHet) are of central interest in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. Then in a second part, a method allowing the coupling between aryldiazonium salts and styrene derivatives, using a BuOK / DMF system is presented. This reaction, carried out for the first time in the absence of catalysts based on transition metals, makes it possible to access to various stilbene units which find numerous applications in pharmaceutical chemistry.A second chapter concerns the use of hypervalent iodine derivatives allowing the functionalization of aromatic or vinyl substrates. A first method describes a direct triflimidation reaction of acetanilide compounds with an exclusive selectivity in the para position. Two reactions conditions have been established for this functionalization. One uses a stoichiometric amount of PhI(OAc)2 and another uses a catalytic amount of iodotoluene (in-situ generation of iodine (III)). This transformation resulted in the formation of CAr-N bonds in the presence of lithium bis (trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (LINTf2) as the nitrogen nucleophile. In a second part, we have shown that bisphosphoranilidene iodide (PNPI) can catalyze a selective vinylic trifluoromethylation of styrene derivatives in the presence of a hypervalent iodine reagent (iodine (III)), Togni’s reagent II. Work is under way to try to understand the positive influence of PNPI.A third chapter describes preliminary results of an iron-catalyzed heterocoupling of 4-iodotoluene an phenylithium system allowing the obtention of an honorable yield (54%) during the coupling of 4-iodotoluene with phenyllithium. Another series of tests describes the coupling between aryl halides and primary alkyllithiums. The method seems to be very effective, since very recent work in the literature for similar couplings involving the same reaction partners involves catalysts of iron or palladium
Pialat, Amélie. „Formation de liaisons C-N et C-O par catalyse de coordination ou par oxydation à l'iode hypervalent“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20204/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe direct functionalization of C-H bonds offers an attractive, atom- and step-economical alternative to traditional methods based on functional group transformations. Intermolecular C(sp3)-H amination reactions involving nitrene intermediates usually proceed with moderate yields and regioselectivities. In this context, new bifunctional compounds were developed and applied to copper and silver-catalyzed C-N bond-forming reactions. These systems, however, have been found to be ineffective under the reaction conditions.Our research has also focused on the iodine(III)-mediated nucleophilic functionalization of anilides. The direct triflation and triflimidation of acetanilides were accomplished with the use of affordable and easy-to-handle silver(I) triflate or triflimidate respectively, under mild oxidative conditions, exhibiting perfect regioselectivity for the para position. A complete optimization of the reaction conditions and an evaluation of the scope allowed us to prepare a variety of diversely substituted aryltriflates (and nonaflates) in synthetically useful yields
Sofack-Kreutzer, Julien. „Synthèses de carbocycles et d'hétérocycles à cinq chaînons par activation de liaisons c(sp3)-h non activées“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744243.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChen, Lu. „Palladium-catalysed C-C bond construction in virtue of C-H functionalisation : direct arylation of heteroaromatics tolerant to reactive functional groups“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring my thesis, I focused on condition for the activation / functionalisation of C-H bonds for the construction of biaryl derivatives tolerant to the reactive functional groups such as silyl, alkenes, esters or amides. Compared to classic cross-coupling protocols (Suzuki, Stille or Negishi), C-H bond functionalisation provides a costly effective and environmentally attractive procedures. At first, we observed that the silyl-substituted thiophenes can be directly arylated with aryl bromides without desilylation, using the simple Pd(OAc)2/dppb precatalyst for both conversion and desilylation inhibition. Then, we have demonstrated that the Pd(OAc)2/KOAc catalyst system without phosphine ligand, even using as few as 0.1 mol% of Pd catalyst, promotes the direct arylation of heteroaromatics and inhibits the Heck type reaction with 1,2-disubstituted alkenes. In addition, we demonstrated that easily accessible esters on heteroaromatics can be advantageously employed as blocking groups in the course of the direct arylation of several heteroaromatic derivatives. Finally, the palladium-catalyzed direct heteroarylation of 2- or 4-bromobenzamide with heteroarenes was studied. In the presence of KOAc as the base, no formation of C-N or C-C bonds by coupling of two bromobenzamide was observed
Renaudat, Alice. „Fonctionnalisation de liaisons C(sp3)-H non activées catalysées par le palladium“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFerre, Karine. „Formation sélective de liaisons carbone-carbone assistée par les complexes du fer (II) à ligand(s) labile(s)“. Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10057.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKammerer, Claire. „Formation de liaisons C-C par enchainements domino et cycloisomérisations catalysés par des complexes de palladium, ruthénium et or“. Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066179.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGatignol, Jérémie. „Catalyses au Cuivre et au Fer : Outils Efficaces pour la Formation de Liaisons C-P“. Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis was devoted to the development of new and environmental friendly catalytic systems for the synthesis of C-P bonds. First, a general and effective synthetic method was developed based on the copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of differently functionalized bromobutadienes and various secondary phosphines (diaryl, dialkyl- and alkylaryl), diphenylphosphine oxide or H-phosphonates. This method provides a straightforward access to butadienylphosphines with different steric and electronic properties as well as butadienylphosphine oxides and butadienylphosphonates in good yields. These two last families were engaged in chemoselective reduction reaction to obtain a complementary access to butadienylphosphines and an unprecedented route to functionalized primary butadienylphosphines. Finally, the first regioselective and efficient iron-catalyzed hydrophosphination reaction of alkenes was developed, offering for the first time a regioselective entry either to anti-Markovnikov or Markovnikov adducts according to the oxidation state of the iron salts, FeCl2 or FeCl3
Pichette, drapeau Martin. „Nouvelles méthodes de synthèse pour la formation de liaisons C(aryl)-hétéroatome et C(aryl)-C par réactions de substitution nucléophile aromatique et vinylique“. Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe primary objective of our doctoral research was centered on the use of aryl halides as electrophiles for nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr). First, we tried to create C(aryl)−heteroatom bonds by reacting heteroatom nucleophiles with aryl halides substituted by electron-withdrawing groups. The results of this study were compared with inconsistencies found in the literature and show that the expected order of reactivity of aryl halides is not always observed. A beneficial effect was observed by adding 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione to the reaction of phenols and aryl halides substituted by electron-donating groups in what is the first method allowing the synthesis of diarylethers without added metal catalysts by this pathway. Second, we developed a general α-arylation reaction of aryl ketones with aryl halides under mild reaction conditions. Use of KOt-Bu, an inorganic base capable of single-electron transfer, and DMF as additive enables the synthesis of α-arylketones in excellent yields. This method was applied to the synthesis of fused heterocycles and (Z) tamoxifen, molecules possessing biological activity. A mechanistic study showed that the carbamoyl anion of DMF is involved in a single-electron transfer reaction with aryl halides as the key step of the mechanism. We next applied this method to the nucleophilic vinylic substitution of β-halogenostyrenes. While literature precedents suggest ionic mechanisms for reactions involving these substrates, we obtained experimental evidence suggesting a radical mechanism. Third, we tried to develop the first protocol enabling the copper-catalyzed synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls starting from aryl halides and triarylbismuthanes(III). Although many bidentate and tetradentated ligands were tested, further optimization is required in order to develop a general method, as only low yields are obtained. Globally, we have contributed to the determination of the experimental frontier between SNAr and metallic catalysis, to the α-functionnalization of aryl ketones and to the synthesis of biaryls through copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of triarylbismuths
Pichette, Drapeau Martin. „Nouvelles méthodes de synthèse pour la formation de liaisons C(aryl)-hétéroatome et C(aryl)-C par réactions de substitution nucléophile aromatique et vinylique“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27546.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe primary objective of our doctoral research was centered on the use of aryl halides as electrophiles for nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr). Firstly, we tried to create C(aryl)-heteroatom bonds by reacting heteroatom nucleophiles with aryl halides substituted by electron-withdrawing groups. The results of this study were compared with inconsistencies found in the literature and show that the expected order of reactivity of aryl halides is not always observed. A beneficial effect was observed by adding 2,2,6,6 tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione to the reaction of phenols and aryl halides substituted by electron-donating groups in what is the first method allowing the synthesis of diarylethers without added metal catalyst by this pathway. Secondly, we developed a general α-arylation reaction of aryl ketones with aryl halides under mild reaction conditions. Use of KOt-Bu, an inorganic base capable of single-electron transfer, and DMF as additive enables the synthesis of α-arylketones in excellent yields. This method was applied to the synthesis of fused heterocycles and (Z) tamoxifen, molecules possessing biological activity. A mechanistic study showed that the carbamoyl anion of DMF is involved in a single-electron transfer reaction with aryl halides as the key step of the mechanism. We next applied this method to the nucleophilic vinylic substitution of β halostyrenes. While literature precedents suggest ionic mechanisms for reactions involving these substrates, we obtained experimental evidence suggesting a radical mechanism. Thirdly, we tried to develop the first protocol enabling the copper-catalyzed synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls starting from aryl halides and triarylbismuthanes(III). Although many bidentate and tetradentated ligands were tested, further optimization is required in order to develop a general method, as only low yields are obtained. Globally, we have contributed to the determination of the experimental frontier between SNAr and metallic catalysis, to the α-functionnalization of aryl ketones and to the synthesis of biaryls through copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of triarylbismuths.
Wang, Dong. „Nouveaux catalyseurs recyclables pour les réactions de formation de liaisons carbone-carbone et carbone-azote“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0128/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCatalysts based on dendrimers and magnetic nanoparticles are becoming increasing utilized in the context of green and sustainable chemistry, because they are easily separated by precipitation or by using asimple magnet respectively, and they are recyclable. In this spirit, the thesis has been devoted to the synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles-immobilized molecular, nano-and dendritic catalysts involving Ru, Cu and Pd. Magnetically recyclable ruthenium(II) and Cu(I) complexes and Pd nanoparticles have provided excellent catalytic performances in terms of activity, stability and recyclability, using alkyne-azide cycloaddition and carbon-carbon cross coupling reactions. The synthesis of mono-and polymetallic palladium complexes containing the 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligand or nonabranch-derived ligands has also been carried out, and their catalytic properties in coupling reactions has been studied
Hitce, Julien. „Fonctionnalisation intramoléculaire de liaisons C(sp3)-H catalysée par le palladium : études méthodologiques et applications en synthèse organique“. Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112192.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA palladium-catalyzed intramolecular C(sp3)-H functionalization reaction of benzylic alkyl groups was studied. Both methodological and synthetic aspects were investigated. Thus, in order to determine the scope and the limitations of this new methodology and to emphasize its synthetic value, the reactivity of a variety of substrates was studied using a specifically designed catalyst. This transformation afforded either olefins adjacent to a quaternary carbon atom by dehydrogenation or polycycles by intramolecular arylation of C(sp3)-H bonds. The dehydrogenation methodology was illustrated in the synthesis of the antihypertensive drug verapamil. The mechanism of the new reaction involves 5- and 6-membered palladacycles: the C-H bond cleavage is an intramolecular process. Moreover, the catalytically active species is most probably a molecular complex though the formation of palladium nanoparticles was evidenced. Finally, selective palladium-catalyzed cascade reactions were designed. They combined C(sp3)-H functionalization, Heck cyclization, Heck arylation or olefin hydrogenation to afford valuable 4- and 5-membered carbocycles
Bensaid, Souhila. „Synthèse d’hétérocycles arylés par catalyse au palladium dans des conditions "vertes“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring my PhD, I searched for industrially viable conditions for activation / functionalization of CH bonds for the arylation of heterocycles. Compared to conventional coupling protocols such as Suzuki, Stille or Negishi reactions, the functionalization of CH bonds provides less costly and more environmentally friendly procedures if it tolerates synthetically useful functional groups and if it uses solvents with little or no toxicity. We observed that thiophene can be arylated at C2 with a wide scope of aryl bromides in the presence of only 0.2 mol% of Pd(OAc)2. Then, we demonstrated that alcoholic solvents such as pentan-1-ol allow the coupling of thiazoles or imidazoles with aryl bromides. This type of solvent is certainly more viable for the industry as the solvents commonly used for these couplings such as DMF or DMAc. We then showed that some of these couplings can even be performed without any solvent. Finally, we have shown that many functions on bromopyridines are tolerated in these couplings, enabling access to arylated functionalized pyridines useful for the pharmaceutical industry in one step
Zhu, Biwen. „Préparation de tensioactifs par aldolisation de cétoses non protégés“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1153/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this manuscript, an atom economic route of C-C bond based surfactants has been developed. They are more stable for broader applications. This process involves the use of renewable and relatively low cost raw materials. Ketoses such as 1,3-dihydroxyacetone and D-fructose were used as substrates with aldehydes as alkylation agents without any protection-deprotection step. The synthesis has been divided into two steps, in the first step the deprotonated ketoses react with the aldehydes electrophiles to form the hydroxyketone intermediates. Then, a second step of hydrogenation with Ruthenium on alumina catalyst under hydrogen pressure gave access to the alkylated polyols. The overall yield of this two-step process is moderate considering the difficulty of reacting a highly hydrophobic part with a highly hydrophilic part. Then these tetraols adducts obtained with 1,3-dihydrdoxyacetone were also evaluated as surfactants by making physico-chemical tests (CMC, Krafft point and Phase Inverse Temperature). Results have exhibited this novel C-C bond connected surfactants perform as efficient as other commercially available surfactants in decreasing the surface tension which is a very attractive property for potential applications
Le, Boucher d'Hérouville Florent. „Synthèse de diphosines atropoisomères dérivées du MeOBIPHEP : Application en catalyse asymétrique pour la formation de liaisons C-O, C-N et C-C en présence de complexes d'argent, d'iridium et de rhodium“. Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066814.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZhao, Liqin. „Palladium-catalyzed direct arylation via sp² and sp³ C-H activation of hetero(aromatics) and hydrocarbons for C-C bond formation“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S038/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring this thesis, we were interested in the sp² and sp³ C-H bond activation catalyzed by palladium catalysts for the preparation of (hetero)aryl-aryls and biaryls. This method is considered as cost effective and environmentally attractive compared to the classical couplings such as Suzuki, Heck, or Negishi. First we described the palladium-catalyzed direct C2-arylation of benzothiophene in the absence of phosphine ligand with high selectivity. We also demonstrated that it is possible to active both C2 and C5 C-H bonds for access to 2,5-diarylated compounds in one step, and also to non-symmetrically substituted 2,5-diarylpyrroles via sequential C2 arylation followed by C5 arylation. We also studied the reactivity of polychlorobenzenes via palladium-catalyzed C-H activation. We finally examined the palladium-catalysed selective sp² and sp³ C-H bond activation of guaiazulene. The selectivity depends on the solvent and base: sp² C2-arylation (KOAc in ethylbenzene), sp² C3-arylation (KOAc in DMAc) and sp³ C4-Me arylation (CsOAc/K₂CO₃ in DMAc). Through this method, a challenging sp³ C-H bond was activated
Lishchynskyi, Anton. „Development of new methods for the asymmetric formation of C-N bonds“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAF026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe concept of metal-ligand bifunctionality was successfully applied for an enantioselective aza-Michael reaction by employing well-defined ruthenium amido complexes. The catalyst was optimised and the corresponding chiral indoline β-amino acid derivatives were obtained with high enantioselectivities. Next, a straightforward enantioselective bifunctional organocatalytic approach was also developed. Employing hydroquinidine as catalyst the corresponding cyclic products were obtained in excellent enantioselectivities and quantitative yields. These compounds can be selectively deprotected and applied to peptide synthesis. Finally, we have developed unprecedented diamination reactions of styrenes, butadienes and hexatrienes employing easily accessible hypervalent iodine(III) reagents under robust reaction conditions. The first examples of the metal-free 1,2-diamination of butadienes were demonstrated and this oxidation methodology was further extended to the highly attractive 1,4 installation of two nitrogen atoms within a single step
Huadsai, Wimonsiri. „Activation du dioxyde de carbone par des composés de Lewis hautement acidés“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES053.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research aimed to investigate the potential applications of Mg and Ca hydride complexes supported by ß-diketiminate and amidinate ligands for the reduction of CO2 molecules. The catalytic abilities of these complexes were explored in the context of hydroboration and hydrosilylation of CO2. In the first part of the study, we examined the reactivity of ß-diketiminato Mg and Ca hydrides with CO2. It was observed that the Mg hydride complex rapidly incorporated CO2, leading to the formation of various intermediates with different nuclearities. This involved the insertion of Mg—H bond into CO2, resulting in the generation of formate moieties. Under heat, hexameric formate complexes were formed through a "ligand flip" mechanism, releasing steric hindrances around the metal centers. For Ca hydride and CO2 reactions, in situ NMR analysis was mainly conducted. Additionally, a novel Mg amidinate dihydride complex was successfully synthesized and reacted with CO2 to yield a unique single product of dimeric formate Mg complex, in contrast to the ß-diketiminate scaffold, where several formate species were detected. The second part of the research focused on the catalytic hydroboration of CO2 using alkaline-earth hydride complexes. In particular, the Ca-based system demonstrated high efficiency in the production of the four-electron reduction of CO2 or BBA product. This was the first example of using Mg and Ca hydride compounds to catalyze the hydroboration of CO2, selectively producing the BBA product. The in situ generated BBA was further used as a methylene transfer reagent in condensation reactions with thiols, resulting in the formation of novel stable hemithioacetal [RS—CH2—OBR2] compounds under mild and neutral conditions. Activation of the hemithioacetal compounds was achieved under acidic conditions, leading to the formation of dithioacetals and hemithioaminals. The condensation of the second OBR2 fragment with secondary amines, which act as stronger nucleophiles, resulted in the generation of aryl methyl sulfides [RS—CH2—NR2]. In the final section, we investigated the tandem hydrosilylation of CO2 using various hydrosilanes in combination with [Ae]-based hydride complexes and Lewis acid B(C6F5)3 as catalysts. This research expanded on previous studies of Mg-mediated hydrosilylation of CO2 and introduced the first example of Ca-catalyzed CO2 hydrosilylation with hydrosilanes. The effectiveness of reducing CO2 to CH4 or bis(silyl)acetal [H2C(Ph3SiO)2] or BSA depended on the nature of the silanes and the steric hindrances around the substrate Si—H bond. The choice of [Ae] catalyst also significantly influenced the overall reaction rate. Furthermore, Eyring and Arrhenius analyses provided insight into the activation parameters for reducing CO2 by certain catalysts, revealing that this reaction is primarily governed by an entropic contribution. In summary, this research has demonstrated the reactivity of Mg and Ca hydride complexes for CO2 reduction and explored their applications in hydroboration and hydrosilylation reactions. Future investigations may explore mechanistic possibilities, kinetic differences, and the reactivity of group 2 metal hydride complexes with carbon monoxide for CO homologation
Brière, Jean-François. „Elaboration d'une enzyme artificielle se liant à des fonctions amines et des fonctions acides dans le but de catalyser la formation de liaisons amides“. Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES097.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAspin, Samuel. „Arylation migratoire C(sp3)-H d'énolates d'esters“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10298.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe transition metal catalysed functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds unlocks numerous perspectives within organic synthesis in terms of atom economical access routes to otherwise difficult to synthesise molecules. One efficient method to exact such transformations involves the exploitation of an activated C-H bond situated adjacent to an activating electron withdrawing group, allowing facile insertion of a transition metal catalyst species and subsequent functionalization with a new species (normally an aryl group). This strategy is generally termed ‘α-functionalization’. The work detailed within this manuscript describes a diversion from the classic, and well documented α-functionalization reaction, in which rearrangement steps within the catalytic cycle give rise to β- and more remote substrate functionalization. The first new methodology to be described involves a fundamental extension to the in-house developed β-arylation reaction, in which, through careful substrate and ligand choice, this methodology could be applied to achieve the functionalization of simple ester enolates in remote γ- to η - positions. The developed strategy allowed the synthesis of a small range of interesting homophenylalanine analogues, and higher homologues. The second methodology to be described involves a necessary modified protocol for the β-arylation reaction, in which silyl ketene acetals were exploited as mild metal-enolate surrogates, allowing the coupling of base-sensitive substrates. The previously described reaction scope has been extended in terms of both the electrophile and nucleophile coupling partners through the development of mild reaction conditions, which subsequently allowed application of several products towards the synthesis of lactones
Ouchaou, Kahina. „Catalyseurs hétérogènes à base de polysaccharides pour des réactions pallado-catalysées“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112221.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work describes the preparation, screening and use of heterogeneous catalysts based on polysaccharides. The main goal of our project was to evaluate two polysaccharides: alginates and chitosan as renewable supports for heterogeneous catalysis.Alginates are known to form gels with most di- and multivalent cations due to the presence of the carboxylate functions of their matrix. And chitosan is an attractive polysaccharide for application in catalysis owing to the presence of readily functionalizable amino group and its insolubility in organic solvents.First, our work focused on evaluating the catalytic activity of bimetallic Mn+-Pd catalysts supported on alginate in C—C coupling reactions. Among them, one system demonstrated remarkable catalytic properties for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. Then, the oxidation of alcohols catalyzed by Alginate-Mn+-Pd2+ catalyst was investigated. Two catalysts demonstrated good activity for oxidation of benzylic and allylic alcohol.In a second time, we developed new NHC ligands in order to anchor them on chitosan: two new NHC ligands for olefin metathesis and several NHC pincer CNC ligands for C—C coupling reactions in water. A palladium complex obtained with one our new ligand bearing long alkyl chains showed good activity in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling in pure water.Finally, a new palladium (II) catalyzed decarboxylative cyanation reaction was investigated. This methodology is the first example of direct conversion of aryl carboxylic acid into the corresponding aryl nitrile. This reaction is well adapted to labeled compound synthesis
Aissaoui, Regadia. „Réaction de substitution nucléophile aromatique des acides naphtoïques ortho-fluorés/méthoxylés avec les réactifs de Grignards et les organolithiens (SNArAB)“. Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684960.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGomes, de Lima Bernardes Miriam. „Réactivité de complexes organométalliques mono- et dinucléaires : synthèse de thiolato-composés du molybdène, du tungstène et du cobalt : étude de la formation de liaisons c-c dans la sphère de coordination du métal“. Brest, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BRES2008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGuyonnet, Mathieu. „Synthèse totale d’alcaloïdes de type dibenzopyrrocoline par arylation C(sp3)-H intramoléculaire“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10143.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe direct functionalization of unactivated C-H bonds represents an atom- and stepeconomical alternative to more traditional synthetic methods based on functional group interconversion. Transition-metal catalysis has recently emerged as a powerful tool to functionalize otherwise unreactive C-H bonds. Whereas a lot of methodological studies have been developed in the past decade, few applications of these methodologies in multi-step or total synthesis have been reported in the literature. In this context, we envisioned the total synthesis of dibenzopyrrocoline alkaloids, a family of structurally original natural products, by using intramolecular C(sp3)-H arylation as a key step. This work led us to first develop a N-arylation / bromination / intramolecular C(sp3)-H arylation sequence which allowed us to access diverse fused tricyclic indolines. We next investigated the application of this strategy to the synthesis of the dibenzopyrrocoline motif. The difficulty to access the C(sp3)-H arylation precursor required an exploration of different synthetic pathways, which proved to be potentially promising. Finally the different performed methodological studies showed the feasibility of the intramolecular C(sp3)-H arylation of tertiary anilines, which was never described in the literature
El, Samrout Ola. „Molecules at surfaces : formation, reactivity, assembly of (bio)molecules on external and internal surfaces of nanosized/nanostructured materials“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis aims to deeply study the polymerization of Gly monomers on amorphous silica to better understand its reaction mechanism, kinetics, and parameters related to the nature of the condensation product obtained under different environmental conditions. In the first part, the behavior of the different silanol groups of silica were deeply studied by IR spectroscopy to have some insights on the reactivity of the silica functional groups. Subsequently, the peptide bond formation reaction was heavily studied under controlled atmosphere with in-situ IR spectroscopy measurements to investigate the behavior of the Gly monomers and the ones of the functional groups of silica upon adsorption on the surface as well during the intermediate steps of polymerization. A mechanism of adsorption/activation of monomers on silica followed by the polymerization into longer linear chains of poly-Gly was suggested. Using MS technique along with TGA, it was possible to evaluate the number of mers that constitute the long linear peptides obtained on the surface. Furthermore, the behavior of the poly-Gly upon contact with water was also studied where peptides move to form self-assembled structures. In the second part, the polymerization reaction of Gly on amorphous silica was studied under fluctuating environments: a system subjected only to temperature fluctuations in comparison with another one subjected to both temperature and humidity fluctuations. The data collected by in-situ IR showed that a system subjected to fluctuations of both temperature and humidity represented the most favor system for a polymerization, Subsequently, a mechanism about the elongation of the linear chains in ordered and self-assembled structures with indications of a templated polymerization was suggested. The structural dynamics of the linear peptides along with the different secondary structures were evaluated during the reaction. Moreover, the resistance and growth of the self-assembled structures on the surface were investigated for an extended duration of the polymerization reaction. In the third part, a study of the parameters that determine the formation of linear peptides and cyclic dimers (DKP) on silica surface upon Gly deposition from gas and liquid phases was carried out. Regarding the Gly deposition from gas phase, the monomers were deposited using chemical vapor deposition under argon flow on silica surfaces of different specific surface areas, in pristine form or thermal treated at different temperatures. The results of IR spectroscopy combined with the ones of TGA, Raman spectroscopy, ATR, XRD, and BET analysis, showed that the presence of specific types of silanol groups along with a framework enhanced with large siloxane rings favor the formation of linear peptides on silica surface over cyclic ones. Concerning the deposition from liquid phase, various Gly loading were deposited on silica of different specific surface areas (SSA) using incipient wetness impregnation method followed by a simple thermal activation. The SSA of silica surface shows a direct impact on the type of the condensation product obtained and on the growth of crystalline on the surface. The beneficial role of water molecules in the formation of linear peptides on a silica with a relatively high SSA was also highlighted. The DKP considered so far as an uninteresting cyclic product was also studied on amorphous silica surfaces. The results showed that DKP instead of being a dead-end product, it represents a useful dimer for the fast prolongation of linear peptides
Cai, Yingxiao. „Cobalt-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation by activation of carbon-halogen or carbon-hydrogen bonds“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX039/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis presents the development of cobalt-catalyzed carbon-carbon bonds formation. The first chapter describes a novel cobalt-catalyzed electrophilic cyanation of arylzinc species, employing benign and non-toxic N-cyano-N-phenyl-p-methylbenzenesulfonamide (NCTS) as the cyano source. In this reaction, cobalt catalyzes both the formation of arylzinc species and the cyanation reaction. Various benzonitriles are synthesized affording good to excellent yields. Using cobalt-bipyridine complexes instead of CoBr2, ketone and nitrile groups can be tolerated. The second chapter reports cobalt-catalyzed Csp3-Csp3 homocoupling reaction. A simple catalytic system could deliver dimers of a number of alkyl halides/pseudohalides and allylic acetates. Sodium iodide is crucial for the homocoupling of unactivated alkyl chlorides and tosylates. This method is extended to alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling; however, the conditions still need to be optimized. The third chapter describes a cobalt-catalyzed vinyl-benzyl cross-coupling. A variety of functionalized vinyl bromides and benzyl chlorides are efficiently coupled under mild conditions in good to excellent yields, with retention of Z/E configuration. A few mechanistic experiments indicate a single electron transfer involved. The last chapter discusses the progress on the cobalt-catalyzed arylation of 2-phenylpyridine with an arylzinc species by C-H activation and promising results are obtained
Giroult, André. „Novel carboazidation reactions and applications“. Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13342.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSimon, M. O. „Nouvelles perspectives pour la formation de liaisons Carbone-Carbone et Carbone-Oxygène : Vers des réactions à économie d'atomes et d'étapes catalysées par des complexes de Ruthenium“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00608276.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGoutierre, Anne-Sophie. „Fonctionnalisation C(sp3)-H intermoléculaire par catalyse au palladium : étude de couplages migratoires“. Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10220.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe direct functionalization of C-H bonds is one of the most attractive research subjects today because it constitutes an atom- and step-economical alternative to more traditional synthetic methods. In spite of the significant challenges due to the low reactivity of C-H bonds and their abundance in organic molecules, homogeneous transition metal catalysis has emerged as a powerful tool for their selective transformation. The palladium-catalyzed β-arylation of esters, recently developed in our group, takes advantage of the weakness of the C-H bond α to this group to generate a palladium enolate. The latter can be engaged into a migrative pathway, giving rise to the desired product with a selectivity depending on the aryl bromide and the ligand. The work detailed within this manuscript describes an extension of this methodology to amino esters, which gives rise in only two steps from simple benzylated alanine to a broad range of phenylalanine analogues and useful intermediates to bioactive natural molecules. Following this work, developments of this reaction have led us to consider α-bromo carbonyls as precursors of palladium enolates, leading to the formation of α,β-unsaturated species than can undergo (1,4)-addition reactions. Then, in order to better understand the limitations of our reaction, we have investigated the role of the phosphine ligand by isolating Pd complexes which model key intermediates of the catalytic cycle. Finally, running away from carbonyl compounds, migrative couplings have been explored through a Negishi-type arylation between aryl bromides and alkylzinc species, generated by zinc insertion into alkyl bromides. This reaction gives a very good selectivity in favor of the linear product and can be applied to numerous aryls, but is unfortunately limited so far to a small number of alkylzinc compounds
Li, Jihui. „Copper-Catalyzed Domino C-N Bond Formation for Synthesis of N-Containing Compounds (Benzimidazoles, Imidazoles, and Guanidines) - Approach toward Total Synthesis of Natural Product Raputindoles“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112130.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis consists in three parts: bibliographic background, copper-catalyzed reactions for synthesis of N-containing compounds, approach to the synthesis of raputindoles.The first part introduces the domino reactions and their applications, then, copper-mediated reactions for construction of C-N bond formation are reviewed including Ullmann, Goldberg and Chan-Lam coupling, oxidative C-H activation/C-N formation, insertion of nitrenes and carbenoids, and hydroamination of multi-C-C bonds. This can be used as guides to design domino reaction. Following these copper-mediated single C-N bond formation reactions, recent developments of copper-catalyzed domino reactions for synthesis of heterocycles are described.The second part can be divided into three sections: 1) synthesis of benzimidazoles, 2) synthesis of imidazoles and 3) synthesis of guanidines. Each section summarizes the existing methods used for their synthesis. Following it, our synthetic work involving copper-catalyzed C-N bond formation domino reactions is discussed in detail. Our objectives include the synthesis of benzimidazoles through copper-catalyzed sequential reaction of benzamidines and boronic acids, synthesis of imidazoles via copper-catalyzed domino reaction of benzamidines and acetylenes, and synthesis of guanidines and 2-aminobenzimidazoles by Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction of cyanamides, boronic acids and amines. These copper-catalyzed domino reactions show high efficiencies from readily available and simple starting materials.The last part is about the total synthesis of raputindoles. The structure and bioactivities of raputindoles and key reactions for the total synthesis of raputindoles are introduced first, the synthetic strategies are then proposed on basis of relative synthetic methods. The key reactions we use for the synthesis of raputindoles are iridium catalyzed [3+2] annulation of o-formylarylboronic acids and 1,3-dienes, Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis, transition-metal catalyzed SN2 substitution and alkylborylation-protondeborylation. According to the three strategies we proposed, lots of relative reactions were investigated. The results show that it is possible to synthesize the raputindole molecules based on the iridium catalyzed [3+2] annulation of 2-formylarylboronic acids and 1,3-dienes
Belaud-Rotureau, Mickaël. „Substitution nucléophile aromatique des acides benzoïques et naphtoïques ortho fluorés/méthoxylés non protégés (SNArAB) par les bases fortes (RLi, RMgX et R2NLi) en l'absence de catalyseur métallique“. Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00510819.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuint, Valentin. „Formation de liaison C-P par fonctionnalisation de liaison C-H sans métal de transition : aspects snthétiques et mécanistiques“. Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC219/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis describes the successful development of three modes of activation for the formation of Carbon–Phosphorus bonds under mild conditions and without the use of transition metals.First, a regioselective phosphorylation of pyridines has been developed via a sequential process consisting of the activation of the pyridine with a Lewis acid (BF3) followed by oxidative aromatization mediated by chloranil. The characterization of the Meisenheimer complex enabled to confirm the proposed reaction mechanism. Next, we developed a straightforward approach for the synthesis of benzo[b]phospholes from the reaction of secondary phosphine oxides and alkynes in the presence of an organic oxidant and eosin Y as a catalyst. Apart from the broad scope of this reaction, extensive mechanistic investigations, including EPR, NMR, steady state photolysis permitted the elucidation of the mechanism of this photoreaction. It has been suggested that the oxidant and the photocatalyst come together to form a ground state charge transfer complex that is the driving force of the photocatalyzed process. Finally, we developed a metal-free photoinduced approach for the phosphorylation of anilines and related structures. The reaction proceeded through the formation of an electron donor acceptor complexes between anilines derivatives (electron donors) and N–ethoxypyridinium (electron acceptor). Scope and limitations of this process are discussed along with detailed mechanistic studies
LELLOUCHE, ISABELLE A. S. „Etude des systemes biomimetiques de transformations des liaisons c-h non activees en liaisons c-o, c-s, et c-se catalysees par des complexes de fer non-heminiques“. Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112333.
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