Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Formation continue courte“

Nous présentons le diplôme d’université (DU) Analyste Big Data, délivré depuis cette année par le département STID de l’IUT de l’université Paris Descartes. D’un volume global de 150h, réservé aux apprenants en formation continue courte, au niveau L3, il constitue une voie de diplomation originale dans ce domaine émergent. Constitué de 5 modules, le DU est articulé autour de deux modules plutôt dédiés aux méthodes informatiques, deux plutôt statistiques qui font la part belle aux données de type « open data » et à la fouille des réseaux sociaux, et un dernier module dédié aux enjeux cruciaux concernant la qualité et la confidentialité des données. Il s’agit d’orienter fortement vers la mise en œuvre des outils liés à ce sujet émergent. Ainsi plus d’une moitié des intervenants sont issus du monde économique et industriel, en collaboration avec une équipe académique mélangeant statisticiens et informaticiens.

Le but de cet article est de rendre compte d’une expérience de formation continue en FOS alors que ce domaine de recherche est assez peu représenté en Slovénie. La conception d’un cours de FOS nécessite un cadre méthodologique rigoureux dont il semble néanmoins possible de s’extraire en fonction des contextes d’enseignement. L’étude de cas présentée dans cet article porte sur une formation linguistique courte pour adultes dans le domaine du droit et de la médecine, dispensée en milieu institutionnel. Après un bref rappel des spécificités du français sur objectifs spécifiques, l’article expose les démarches et les défis de l’enseignante pour concevoir un tel cours : de l’analyse des besoins à l’analyse discursive, de la collecte de données pertinentes à la didactisation de documents authentiques, vers l’évaluation externe au programme de formation.

Résumé Cet article comprend trois parties. Dans la première, nous présentons un bref historique de la formation du corpus. L'opération, collective dès le départ, a commencé en 1971 et continue jusqu'à ce jour. Le corpus, actuellement sur PC, contient environ 13 000 articles différents, dont chacun comprend le terme grec accompagné de ses équivalents en anglais, français et allemand. La deuxième partie, consacrée au dictionnaire multilingue de linguistique, est constituée de trois sous-parties. Dans la première, après une courte exposition de quelques exemples du désordre terminologique régnant - à l'origine de cette tentative de normalisation - est présenté le public qui en sera le bénéficiaire et auquel le dictionnaire s'adresse. Dans la deuxième sous-partie, sont exposés les trois critères de sélection des vedettes, à savoir la fréquence d'usage, la répartition et les difficultés de traduction potentielles. Dans la troisième, enfin, est présentée la forme que revêtira le dictionnaire compte tenu d'un certain nombre de choix ayant trait à l'ordre alphabétique, à l'éclatement des homonymes, aux renvois, à l'indication de la catégorie grammaticale de la vedette et aux index à la fin du volume. La troisième partie comprend des réflexions nées des problèmes terminologiques auxquels nous nous sommes heurtés. Ainsi sont successivement présentés les critères d'adéquation des termes, quelques problèmes relatifs à la traduction de ceux-ci ainsi que leur forme. Dans la recherche des équivalents interlinguistiques, il est important de souligner la pérennité du signifiant malgré le changement du signifié, les correspondances interlinguistiques entre préfixes, suffixes et formants et deux cas problématiques, les faux amis et des cas de convergence et de divergence. Enfin, la forme des termes est examinée sous trois aspects, ceux de leur étymologie, des procédés déformation et de leur catégorie grammaticale.

Perhaps one of the most unique and peculiar aspects of Malaysia’s judicial and legal system is the setting up of two High Courts of co-ordinate jurisdiction and status when Malaysia was formed: one in West Malaysia, which is known as the High Court in Malaya; and one in East Malaysia, which is known as the High Court in Sabah and Sarawak. The two High Courts in Malaysia have remained in place until now. Simultaneously with the formation of Malaysia, Part XIIA was inserted into the Federal Constitution to provide for additional protection for the States of Sabah and Sarawak. These included, among others, Article 161 which provided for the continued use of English in court proceedings in East Malaysia. This is different from Article 152 of the Federal Constitution read together with the National Language Acts 1963/67 which provide that Malay is the official language in court proceedings in West Malaysia. Hence, a lasting anomaly in the Malaysian legal system: to all intents and purposes, Malay is the language of the courts in West Malaysia; whereas English is the language of the courts in East Malaysia. This has led to various legal issues in Malaysian jurisprudence. This article seeks to analyse the differences in the use of language in the courts in West and East Malaysia, with a view to answering the question as to whether there can be uniformity of the use of language throughout the courts in Malaysia, bearing in mind the special interests, protection and safeguards afforded to Sabah and Sarawak when Malaysia was formed. For the purpose of this research, a qualitative research method is adopted. The data collection method is document analysis consisting of both primary and secondary sources such as the Federal Constitution, Federal Acts of Parliament, textbooks, journal articles, published law reports, online articles, media reports, and case law. The research found that it is entirely possible for Malay to be made the official language in all courts across Malaysia. However, the liberal use of English in courts should continue to be allowed, as this is the reality that is taking place in courts across Malaysia today.

The monetary policy of the Russian Federation in 2024–2026 will traditionally be aimed at protecting and ensuring the stability of the ruble by maintaining price stability, which is a necessary condition for economic development, including the formation of conditions for balanced and sustainable economic growth.

In recent decades there has been a significant rise in the numbers of people who live alone and it was predicted that by 2002 that a third of all households will be single-person households. The predicted increase has occurred with indications of continued growth in this type of living arrangement. Furthermore, although living alone remains common among older age groups, the largest growth has been within younger populations. This demographic trend has attracted speculation about the numbers of people who will experience solo living, the stability of living alone in people's biography, and the impact of gender differences in the likelihood and stability of living alone. To answers these questions, this paper uses longitudinally linked Census data from England and Wales to explore the household origins and household destinations of working age people who live alone. This longitudinal data derives from the 1971, 1981 and 1991 Censuses. The data from this analysis confirms other research demonstrating the increasingly numbers of non-retired people who live alone. Furthermore it demonstrates that once a person lives alone, they are more likely to continue to live in that household arrangement than any other and that the tendency to live alone and to continue to live alone is more likely amongst younger cohorts of people. It also demonstrates that the largest increase in living alone in amongst men, but that once women live alone they are more likely to continue to live alone. These findings have an important bearing on current debates about ‘individualisation’, the contemporary experience of family life, life course trajectories and the emergent life styles of younger populations.

The purpose of this article is to explore the genesis and formation of juvenile courts in foreign countries, highlighting their historical development, foundational principles, and evolution over time. Utilizing a com-parative methodology, the research examines legal frameworks, policy changes, and societal influences that have shaped juvenile justice systems in selected countries. The analysis includes a review of primary legal documents, historical records, and contemporary research to provide a comprehensive understanding of the factors contributing to the establishment and growth of juvenile courts. The results of the research reveal dis-tinct patterns and commonalities in the formation of juvenile courts across different jurisdictions. Key find-ings indicate that the emergence of juvenile courts was often driven by a combination of social reform movements, changes in legal philosophy regarding youth crime, and the need to address juvenile delinquency with a rehabilitative rather than punitive approach. The conclusion underscores the significant contribution of this research by demonstrating how historical and socio-legal contexts have shaped juvenile justice systems worldwide. This article contributes to the broader understanding of juvenile justice by providing insights into the foundational principles that continue to influence contemporary juvenile court practices. Findings of the study emphasize the importance of historical context in shaping current juvenile justice policies and the ongo-ing need for reforms that prioritize the well-being and rehabilitation of young offenders.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) techniques are rapidly evolving, and results of published trials suggest that TAVR is emerging as the standard of care in certain patient subsets and a viable alternative to surgery in others. As TAVR is a relatively new procedure and continues to gain its acceptance, rare procedural complications will continue to appear. Our case is about an 89-year-old male with extensive past medical history who presented with progressive exertional dyspnea and angina secondary to severe aortic stenosis. Patient got TAVR and his postoperative course was complicated by complete heart block, aorto-RV fistula, and ventricular septal defect (VSD) formation as a complication of TAVR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third reported case of aorto-RV fistula following TAVR as a procedural complication but the first one to show three complications all together in one patient.

AbstractObservations of circumstellar disks with Nobeyama Millimeter Array (NMA) are presented for the following two topics. The first one is on the continued NMA survey for 13 complete samples of protostar candidates associated with Taurus molecular cloud. The observation confirmed the previous result that protostar candidates do not have detectable 3 mm continuum emission except for the two sources L1551-IRS5 and IRAS 04365+2535. This sets the upper limit to the circumstellar disk mass to be ~0.03 Mʘ for the protostar candidates. The disk mass for protostar candidates tends to be smaller than that around young T Tauri stars, suggesting that it may increase in the course of evolution from protostars into T Tauri stars. The second topic is on the detection of CO (J=1-0) emission toward GG Tau. The observations with the 45-m telescope and with NMA show strong evidence of the CO emission arising from a rotating disk with its size significantly extended with respect to the dust disk. Depletion of CO gas in the GG Tau disk is discussed.

La recherche vise à explorer le développement professionnel des formateurs de la formation continue courte intervenant auprès des travailleurs sociaux et questionne, à la fois, l’activité de formation et le travail social, champ dans le cadre duquel les formateurs ont préalablement développé leur expertise.Formation et travail social sont des activités adressées à autrui, celles-ci visant la transformation de l’autre et accordant, de fait, une très large place aux dimensions relationnelles (Piot, 2007). S’il est important de rendre prédominante la culture de la relation et d’adopter une pratique réflexive (Piot, 2007 ; Hébrard, 2017 ; Tardif, 2018), constat est que la proximité de la formation continue courte avec le monde du travail et les enjeux économiques, politiques, sociétaux sous-jacents au travail social, donnent à voir des conceptions plutôt utilitaristes se reposant sur du pragmatisme, de la rationalisation et de l’expertise technique, autant de dimensions empêchant une transformation possible.Et pourtant, des travaux menés auprès de professionnels du travail social ont mis à jour que ces formations pouvaient être le moteur de transformations silencieuses intervenant sur la croissance de la vie adulte (Julien, 2009 ; Di Patrizio, 2017).Qu’en est-il alors de la pratique des formateurs ?Cette recherche a pour objectif d’apporter un début de réponse. Pour ce faire, une étude qualitative (Mucchielli, 2009) est menée auprès de vingt formateurs intervenant à l’Ecole des Parents et des Educateurs de Moselle (EPE57), organisme spécialisé de la formation continue courte dans le champ social. Les données empiriques sont recueillies et traitées, dans une perspective de théorisation ancrée (Paillé, 1994), à partir d’entretiens de type semi-directif selon une approche compréhensive (Kaufmann, 1996) et d’explicitation de la pratique (Vermersch, 1994).Cette exploration prend ancrage dans les théories de l’apprentissage (Vygotski, 1934), de l’action (Dewey, 1916) et issues de l’approche centrée sur la personne (Rogers, 1961). Elle est étayée par un cadre conceptuel mobilisant les notions de développement professionnel (Wittorski, 2007), de conception de la formation (Marton, 1983) et de subjectivation, les propos recueillis donnant à entendre toute l’importance, pour les formateurs, de la relation, de la réflexivité et des enjeux du développement de la personne.En effet, l’ensemble des données contribue à approcher le développement professionnel à travers le prisme du processus de subjectivation, processus tout à la fois de socialisation et de construction dans le temps renvoyant notamment à la capacité d’être sujet et d’agir en fonction de ses choix (Wieviorka, 2012), d’avoir accès à la conscience et connaissance de soi (Foucault, 1969) et d’être en capacité d’apprendre (Bourgeois, 2018). Ainsi, à travers les discours, explorer des dimensions relevant du rapport au savoir, au pouvoir, à l’action, à soi, à l’autre, a permis d’identifier des invariants tels que l’agentivité, l’engagement, l’autoformation, la transmission de savoirs, la connaissance de soi, la reconnaissance de l’autre, la transformation de soi, mais aussi de tracer les contours de quatre profils de formateurs dont l’activité génère possiblement des moments formateurs, voire transformateurs.L’étude ouvre ainsi sur des pistes nouvelles, notamment la complémentarité entre une activité de formation courte et un métier de l’accompagnement, cette complémentarité générant réflexivité et appropriation des savoirs expérientiels (Kolb, 1984 ; Argyris et Schön, 1989) mais aussi une dynamique d’autoformation, une connaissance de soi et une reconnaissance de l’autre
This research aims to explore the professional development of short continuing education trainers working with social workers, and questions both the training activity and social work, in which the trainers have previously developed their expertise.The training and the social work are activities addressed to others, and they aim to transform the other, with a strong emphasis on relational aspects (Piot, 2007). Although it is important to make the culture of relationships predominant and to adopt a reflective practice (Piot, 2007; Hébrard, 2017; Tardif, 2018), the observation is that the proximity of short continuing education to the world of work, and the economic, political and societal issues related to social work, show utilitarian conceptions based on pragmatism, rationalization and technical expertise, which will prevent transformation.And yet, research, particularly with short training trainees, has shown that such training can be the driving force behind progressive transformations that affect the growth of adult life (Julien, 2009; Di Patrizio, 2017).What about trainers' practices?The aim of this research is to provide the beginnings of an answer. A qualitative study (Mucchielli, 2009) was carried out with twenty trainers from the Ecole des Parents et des Educateurs de Moselle, a training center specializing in short-term continuing education in the social field. Empirical data were collected and processed from a grounded theory perspective (Paillé, 1994), using semi-directive interviews based on a comprehensive approach (Kaufmann, 1996) and the explicitation of practice (Vermersch, 1994).This study uses the theories of learning (Vygotski, 1934), action (Dewey, 1916) and the person-centred approach (Rogers, 1961). It is supported by a conceptual framework that mobilizes the notions of professional development (Wittorski, 2007) training conception (Marton, 1983) and subjectivation. Indeed, the trainers' comments highlight the importance of relationships, reflexivity and the challenges of personal development.All the data contributed to approaching professional development through the prism of the subjectivation process, a process of both socialization and construction over time, referring in particular to the ability to be a subject and to act according to one's choices (Wieviorka, 2012), to have access to self-awareness and self-knowledge (Foucault, 1969) and to be in a position to learn (Bourgeois, 2018). Thus, through the discourses, exploring dimensions relating to knowledge, power, action, the self and the other, has enabled us to identify invariants such as agentivity, commitment, self-training, the transmission of knowledge, self-knowledge, recognition of the other, self-transformation, but also to identify four profiles of trainers whose activity possibly generates formative, or even, transformative moments.The study also suggests new perspectives, notably the complementarity between a short training activity and an accompaniment profession, this complementarity generating reflexivity and appropriation of experiential knowledge (Kolb, 1984; Argyris and Schön, 1989), a dynamic of self-training and a knowledge of self and recognition of the other

Lors de la solidification d'un alliage métallique, des hétérogénéités de composition en éléments d'alliage et des hétérogénéités de taille des structures apparaissent. La modélisation est un outil précieux dans la maitrise de la formation de ces hétérogénéités, qui sont incompatibles avec les exigences industrielles. Au niveau international, le code de calcul SOLID est l'unique code de solidification permettant la prise en compte simultanée de la germination, de la croissance et du transport des grains, de la convection naturelle et du retrait à la solidification à l'échelle industrielle. Le travail de thèse a pour but d'améliorer la description du couplage de la germination et de la croissance des grains dans ce modèle. La diffusion solutale, qui contrôle la croissance des grains, est ainsi modélisée par une longueur de diffusion prenant en compte à la fois l'avancée de l'interface grain-liquide et la convection de la phase liquide. A l'échelle microscopique, une troisième phase est également ajoutée afin d'améliorer la prédiction de la croissance des grains, notamment du développement de leur morphologie. Le modèle permet de prédire quantitativement la compétition entre germination et croissance à l'échelle microscopique. Le modèle est ensuite appliqué à des cas de coulée en lingot fixe et de coulée semi-continue afin d'étudier le couplage entre germination et croissance à l'échelle macroscopique, en présence de transport à la fois des grains, des germes et du soluté. Les prédictions du modèle sont comparées à des mesures expérimentales et permettent de mettre en évidence l'importance du transport, non seulement des grains mais également des germes, dans la formation des hétérogénéités. La prise en compte de la dendritisation des grains au cours de la solidification modifie également de façon importante les prédictions, même lorsque leur morphologie finale est globulaire
During solidification of metallic alloy, heterogeneities of solute composition and microstructure size appear. Mathematical models are valuable tools in the understanding and the control of the formation of these heterogeneities, which are incompatible with industrial requirements. Worldwide, SOLID is the only solidification model that simultaneously accounts for inoculation, the growth and motion of grains, natural convection and solidification shrinkage. The aim of this thesis is to improve the modelling of the coupling of nucleation and grain growth in this model. The solute diffusion, which controls the grain growth, is modelled by a diffusion length that takes into account both the motion of the solid-liquid interface and the convection of the liquid. At the microscopic scale, a third phase is added in order to improve the prediction of the growth of grains, particularly of the development of their morphology. The model can quantitatively predict the competition between the nucleation on inoculant particles and the grain growth at the microscopic scale. The model is applied to solidification of a static ingot and to direct chill casting in order to study the inoculation-growth coupling at the macroscopic scale. At this scale, the transport of the grains, of inoculant particles and of solute are all considered and are fully coupled. Comparisons of the model predictions to experimental measurements show the fundamental role of the transport of inoculants and of grains in the formation of the heterogeneities. The consideration of the development of dendritic grain morphologies considerably influences the predictions, even when their final morphology is globular

Cette thèse traite de la préparation de micro-composites formés d'une couche continue de zéolithe recouvrant un cœur d'une zéolithe différente et de l'étude des processus de leur formation. Plusieurs types structuraux de zéolithe ont été retenus et combinés (BEA, FAU, LTA, MFI, MOR, SOD), couvrant une large gamme de compositions chimiques et de types structuraux pour déterminer les facteurs contrôlant la formation du composite zéolithe-zéolithe. La synthèse d'une couche à été faite sans (synthèse directe) et avec (croissance secondaire) ensemencement de la zéolithe de cœur par des germes de la zéolithe de couche. La synthèse directe de composites a montré que la correspondance structurale entre les deux zéolithes et le contrôle de la réactivité de la surface de la zéolithe de cœur sont des facteurs importants pour obtenir une couche continue de zéolithe sur une autre. Les facteurs contrôlant la formation de composites à partir de la croissance secondaire de germes sont les suivants : (i) la correspondance chimique de la zéolithe de cœur et de couche ; (ii) la stabilité des zéolithes de cœur dans le milieu de synthèse ; (iii) et la cinétique de croissance de la couche. Les matériaux synthétisés devraient permettre d'améliorer les performances de procédés de la pétrochimie en particulier et ouvrir de nouvelles applications pour les matériaux zéolithiques.

Un simulateur de laboratoire de galvanisation continue a été conçu et utilisé pour l'étude des effets des paramètres de contrôle du procédé sur la prise d'aluminium interfacial avec un intérêt particulier porté té à la simulation de l'hydrodynamique de l'écoulement du liquide à la surface de la tôle ainsi qu'aux durées d'immersion extrêmement courtes inférieures à une seconde. Les effets de la concentration en aluminium et des températures de travail ont aussi été étudiés. Il a pu être montré que la prise d'aluminium est extrêmement rapide dans les premiers instants de la réaction et que la couverture complète de l'acier par la couche d'inhibition était assurée après le premier dixième de seconde. La réaction se poursuit avec une vitesse de croissance de la couche compatible avec la diffusion à l'état solide du fer à travers le produit formé. Un modèle mathématique décrivant les phénomènes est proposé. La microscopie de force atomique a été utilisée pour l'étude de la morphologie de la couche d'inhibition et la microanalyse X à sélection d'énergie pour la mesure de son épaisseur.

Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Cette thèse traite de la préparation de micro-composites formés d'une couche continue de zéolithe recouvrant un cœur d'une zéolithe différente et de l'étude des processus de leur formation. Plusieurs types structuraux de zéolithe ont été retenus et combinés (BEA, FAU, LTA, MFI, MOR, SOD), couvrant une large gamme de compositions chimiques et de types structuraux pour déterminer les facteurs contrôlant la formation du composite zéolithe-zéolithe. La synthèse d'une couche à été faite sans (synthèse directe) et avec (croissance secondaire) ensemencement de la zéolithe de cœur par des germes de la zéolithe de couche. La synthèse directe de composites a montré que la correspondance structurale entre les deux zéolithes et le contrôle de la réactivité de la surface de la zéolithe de cœur sont des facteurs importants pour obtenir une couche continue de zéolithe sur une autre. Les facteurs contrôlant la formation de composites à partir de la croissance secondaire de germes sont les suivants : (i) la correspondance chimique de la zéolithe de cœur et de couche ; (ii) la stabilité des zéolithes de cœur dans le milieu de synthèse ; (iii) et la cinétique de croissance de la couche. Les matériaux synthétisés devraient permettre d'améliorer les performances de procédés de la pétrochimie en particulier et ouvrir de nouvelles applications pour les matériaux zéolithiques
The present thesis deals with the preparation and the mechanism of formation of core-shell zeolite micro-composites comprising a single crystal core and a polycrystalline shell. Several framework types (BEA, FAU, LTA, MFI, MOR, SOD) covering a broad range of chemical compositions were combined in the course of this study in order to determine the factors controlling the formation of the composites. Two approaches, a direct synthesis and a secondary growth after seeding of the core surface, were employed. The reactivity of the core surface and structural similarities of the zeolites building the composite were found to be of paramount importance for the direct unseeded synthesis. The factors controlling the composite formation via secondary growth were found to be: (i) the composition of the two counterparts; (ii) the stability of the core crystals in the synthesis media; and (iii) the rapid crystal growth kinetics of the shell. The synthesized core-shell composites are expected to show improved performance in the existing petrochemical processes and to open routes for new applications for zeolite materials

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le projet PRINCIPIA (PRocédés INdustriels de Coulée Innovants Pour l'Industrie Aéronautique) de l’ANR MATETPRO (Matériaux et Procédés pour des Produits Performants). L'objectif de ce projet est la promotion de nouveaux alliages aluminium-cuivre-lithium à destination de l'industrie aéronautique afin d'apporter une alternative aux composites. Cependant, ces alliages sont sujet à une importante porosité pour deux raisons : une forte solubilité à l'hydrogène et une facilité d'oxydation. Dans ce projet, le but de la thèse était d'établir un modèle de prédiction de la porosité à l'échelle du produit. La porosité se forme lors de la solidification de l’alliage à cause d'une plus faible solubilité de l'hydrogène dans le solide. La teneur en hydrogène dans la phase liquide va augmenter par ségrégation et provoquer la nucléation des pores. Il est donc nécessaire de prendre en compte la solidification dans la modélisation de la porosité. De plus, la composition locales modifie la cinétique de croissance des pores et la microstructure exerce une contrainte mécanique sur les pores qui modifie leur équilibre chimique. Après une première partie consacrée à améliorer les connaissances sur les phénomène de transport dans la coulée semi-continue d'aluminium, nous avons modélisé la formation de porosité en se basant sur les modèles disponibles. Le modèle a reproduit l'inhomogénéité de la porosité observée expérimentalement sur une plaque d'alliage aluminium-magnésium. L'analyse nous a montré que la limitation de la croissance par le temps de diffusion de l'hydrogène était responsable de ce profil particulier. La densité volumique des pores est critique pour la limitation de la croissance par la diffusion de l’hydrogène. En fonction de la densité, la croissance passe d'une croissance limitée à une croissance non limitée
This thesis is part of the project PRINCIPIA (PRocédés INdustriels de Coulée Innovants Pour l'Industrie Aéronautique) of the ANR MATEPRO (MATériaux Et PROcédés pour des produits performants). The goal of this project is the promotion of new aluminum-copper-lithium alloys for the aeronautic industry in order to propose an alternative to composite materials. Unfortunately, these alloys are highly sensitive to the appearance of porosity during the alloy creation process. It is due to a high hydrogen solubility and oxidation. Inside this project, my work was to establish a porosity model at the scale of the ingot. Porosity starts to develop during the solidification process due to a lower solubility of hydrogen in the solid phase. Hydrogen content in liquid phase increases by segregation and leads to pores' nucleation. Thus, it is necessary to take into account solidification for porosity-modeling purposes. It is even more important because the alloys' local composition alters the pores' growth and the microstructure modifies the chemical equilibrium by pinching effect.After a first part dedicated to general improvement of knowledge about transport phenomena in DC casting, the porosity formation model was developed based on model found in literature. The model was able to reproduce the inhomogeneity experimentally observed in an aluminum-magnesium ingot. This profile is explained by the hydrogen diffusion time which limits the pore growth. The pore density is critical for the growth limitation by hydrogen diffusion. Depending on the density, the growth switch from a non limited to a limited growth

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le programme de recherche empirique et technologique du «cours d’action » (Theureau, 1992) en anthropologie cognitive. Elle étudie la conception, l’usage et les effets d’un dispositif collectif de vidéo-formation, destiné à des étudiants de Licence STAPS pour développer leur capacité à analyser et comprendre des situations de classe en Éducation physique et sportive (EPS), à l’échelle de la leçon. Deux visées sont poursuivies : a) une visée épistémique cherchant à mieux comprendre les formes d’activité et d’expérience déployées par les étudiants en situation de vidéo-formation et b) une visée de conception technologique du dispositif de vidéo-formation orienté « activité » et répondant à une démarche de conception continuée dans l’usage. L’étude a été réalisée avec un groupe d’étudiants (n=15) inscrits dans une UE de préprofessionnalisation en 3ème année de Licence Éducation et Motricité en STAPS. Cinq types de données ont été recueillies durant le dispositif alternant des périodes de stages et de TD à l’Université : (i) des données d’enregistrement vidéo de l’activité en classe des étudiants durant le stage et aussi en formation, (ii) des traces écrites produites par les étudiants en stage et en formation (journaux de bord), (iii) des données d’entretien d’autoconfrontation sur leur activité en classe et (iv) sur leurs traces écrites, et (v) des données quantitatives et qualitatives issues de questionnaires. Les résultats révèlent (i) une appropriation par les étudiants d’une grille leur permettant d’analyser une leçon d’EPS et d’en discrétiser les moments-clés, (ii) une expérience vécue en vidéo-formation qui traduit une inclination réflexive sur les moments de face à face pédagogique dans la leçon d’EPS, (iii) quatre formes typiques d’analyse des vidéos de classe (décrire, juger, interpréter, se projeter), témoignant d’une activité d’observation centrée sur l’enseignant en classe comme manager, et d’une cécité aux apprentissages moteurs des élèves ; (iv) le rôle des pairs comme accélérateur de la capacité à analyser les pratiques de classe. Ces résultats relatifs à l’activité des étudiants en formation ont permis d’envisager conjointement la conception de différentes phases du dispositif, finalisée par une première plateforme de formation en ligne « Former à l’intervention en EPS » (Roche & Gal-Petitfaux, 2014a), puis une seconde « Observation et Régul@ction en EPS » (Roche & Gal-Petitfaux, 2016)
This thesis is part of the empirical and technological research program of the "course of action" (Theureau, 1992) in cognitive anthropology. She is studying the design, use and effects of a collective video-training device for undergraduate students in Physical Education to develop their ability to analyze and understand classroom situations in Physical Education. Two aims are pursued: a) an epistemic aim seeking to better understand the forms of activity and experience deployed by students in a video-training situation and b) a technological design aim of the "activity-oriented" video-training device and responding to a design in use process. The study was conducted with a group of students (n = 15) enrolled in a pre-professionalization course in the third year degree in Physical Education Teacher Education. Five types of data were collected during the device based on periods of internships and workshop at University: (i) video recording data of student's classroom activity during the internship and also during workshop, (ii) written records produced by students during internship and workshop, (iii) self-confrontation interview data on their activity in classroom and (iv) in their written records, and (v) quantitative and qualitative data from surveys. The results reveal (i) students' appropriation of a grid allowing them to analyze PE lesson and to analyze the key moments, (ii) a lived experience in video-training which reflects a reflexive inclination on pedagogical face-to-face moments in the PE lesson, (iii) four typical forms of classroom video analysis (describe, judge, interpret, project), evidence of teacher-centered observation activity in classroom as a manager, and a blindness to student motor learning activity; (iv) the role of peers as an accelerator of the ability to analyze class practices. These results relating to the activity of students in training made it possible to jointly consider the design of different phases of the system, finalized by a first online training platform "Former à l’intervention en EPS" (Roche & Gal-Petitfaux, 2014a), then a second "Observation e tRégul@tion en EPS" (Roche & Gal-Petitfaux, 2016)

This chapter analyses the process of rule-making in the maritime transport industry. It uses the term ‘spontaneous law’ to refer to norms that emerge as a result of regular and repeated interactions among participants in shipping networks, interactions that create common understandings as to how contractual obligations undertaken are to be performed. The rule-making activity results in a combination of articulated or expressed rules that are enforceable directly as a result of the formation of a valid and binding contract; and unexpressed (or implicit) understandings that form part of the contractual context and that supplement the expressed rules. The context within which these unarticulated rules come into existence is a commercial network of contractual relationships. The chapter engages with the pragmatic question of how and to what extent these unarticulated rules will be enforced by the courts in the resolution of a dispute, focusing on the courts of England and Wales.

During the 1910s the Watch and Ward Society continued to work to suppress gambling and obscene literature and achieved dramatic success in its campaign against prostitution. Two crucial victories in their battle against obscene literature were the landmark 1909 Massachusetts Supreme Court decision again Elinor Glyn’s Three Weeks and its cooperative arrangement with the region’s booksellers association in 1913 that led to the withdrawal of many morally objectionable books from the market. The “white slavery” scare, which swept across America between 1909 and 1913, revived the moral reform organization’s campaign to suppress prostitution. The formation of the Commission on Training Camp Activities, following the U.S. entrance into the World War in 1917, empowered the Watch and Ward Society to suppress prostitution in the vicinity of military bases in New England.

Anson’s Law of Contract offers an accurate and authoritative account of the law and its underlying principles. This 31st edition continues to provide comprehensive and detailed coverage of all topics covered on modern contract law courses, and has been revised and updated to incorporate all notable developments in case law, legislation, and academic debate. Topics covered include, in the first part, the agreement, the formation of the contract, and promissory estoppel. The second part looks at the terms of the contract, exemption clauses, and unfair terms. Next the book looks at incapacity, mistake, misrepresentation and non-disclosure, duress, and illegality. The fourth part considers performance and discharge. The next part looks at damages and specific remedies. The sixth part of the book covers third parties, assignment and agency in terms of the limits of the contractual obligation.

Heidegger’s Metaphysicsexplores how Heidegger continued the project ofBeing and Time, developing a new kind of metaphysics through a critique of Kantian transcendental philosophy.Drawing on Heidegger’s published work, lecture courses, drafts, and correspondence from the late 1920s, it reconstructs the philosophical justification for this project, its implications for Heidegger’s phenomenology of time, and his understanding of philosophical concept formation. Daly proposes that Heidegger’s project neither failed nor remained indebted to a Kantian transcendental framework, and challenges the widespread interpretation of Heidegger as a critic of metaphysics. This work examines a wide range of themes that have been largely neglected in discussions of Heidegger’s work, including a phenomenology of the mythical world (in dialogue with Ernst Cassirer’s work), the origin of religious concepts, the development of a temporality of thrownness, and Heidegger’s critique of Kantian transcendentalism. It finishes by challenging the separation of Heidegger’s philosophy from his politics and asks what we can retrieve from his project today.

The main milestones of the formation and development of astronomical science in Kharkiv during 1883–1945 are reconstructed on the example of the activities of the astronomical observatory of Kharkiv University. During this period, the outstanding worldview science in Kharkiv has achieved significant success: the works of Kharkiv astronomers have received world recognition; a well-known scientific planetary school has been established at the Observatory; the scientific community highly appreciated the research on the physics and chemistry of the Moon, the giant and small planets of the Solar System. The primary goal of the research is to inscribe the history of the university Observatory into the European and world context. Its purpose is to summarize the results of a comprehensive historical ad scientific study of the development of astronomical research in Kharkiv at the end of the 19th century – the first half of the 20th century and identification of ways of further scientific research. The completed research, which continues the problems of works devoted to the study of the history of astronomical science in Ukraine, focuses on expanding the well-known source base by attracting new retro-information resources. In particular, the monograph used a significant array of archival primary sources from almost twenty archival and library institutions of different countries. Most of them were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, which allowed to determine and specify the sequence of stages of development of astronomical science in Kharkiv during the research period, to clarify and identify the little-known circumstances of the observatory life. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of historism, objectivity and a systematic approach to studying the problem. To solve specific problematic tasks in the monograph, general scientific and specially historical methods were used which allowed to study, analyze and summarize the presented factual material in a complex manner. The main sections of the monograph represent the dynamics of replenishment of the instrumental base of the university observatory, the chronology of the construction of the observatory complex of buildings at the location of the modern Scientific Research Institute of Astronomy of the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. According to the author’s periodization, the stages of formation of subjects and directions of scientific work of university astronomers have been analyzed, including: seismic observations with the help of horizontal Rebeur-Paschwitz pendulums, research of the activity of the Sun, astrometric observations on the Repsold meridian circle of for the purpose of compiling a catalog of zodiac stars, studying lunar eclipses and meteor showers. The participation of university astronomers in the creation of the plan of the city of Kharkiv and its connection with the general network of precise geometric leveling of the Military Topographic Department of the General Staff; the organization of observations by an expedition of Kharkiv astronomers of the total Solar eclipse of 1914 in Henichesk; the creation of the School-workshop of precision mechanics at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Kharkiv University were considered; information on the participation of Kharkiv astronomers in the events of the civil war during the Ukrainian Revolution was documented. The scientific research activity of Kharkiv astronomers during 1920-1930-s which was devoted to carrying out important astrometric works on meridian observations of star declinations by absolute methods and observations of Kopf-Rentz stars according to the programs of the International Astronomical Union; the initiation of the creation of the Catalog of faint stars; research in astrophysics aimed at studying the physical conditions on the Moon and the Sun, planets and the interstellar environment; performing long series of spectrophotometric observations of the Moon, Jupiter, Mars and Saturn under different conditions of observation; study of the kinematics of stellar systems of different order, the physical parameters and evolution of stars, the morphology of the Galaxy, the nature of the stellar subsurfaces and atmospheres, dust and gas nebulae, new stars and the variability of stars have been considered; the directions of solid works carried out in the field of celestial mechanics, devoted to the dynamics of the minor planets of the Jupiter group, the definition and improvement of the orbits of minor planets have been clarified. The development of amateur astronomy in Kharkiv, in particular, the functioning of circles and societies that directed their activities to the dissemination of astronomical knowledge, was highlighted; the participation of their representatives in astronomical observations at the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory was emphasized. Reconstructed the development of historical events in the 1930s related to the involvement of Soviet and Western astronomers in the processes of political confrontation between the USSR and the Western world; investigated the course of circumstances that prevented the implementation of the project of creating a new modern astronomical center of national importance – the central Ukrainian observatory in Kharkiv; the participation of an expedition of Kharkiv astronomers in the observation of the «great Soviet eclipse» – the total solar eclipse of 1936 – in the North Caucasus is highlighted; established the facts of political «purges» and repressions by the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs ( the NKVD) in the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory. The activity of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory has been documented and authentic biographical information about its representatives during the Nazi occupation of 1941–1943, the period of the German-Soviet war, has been presented; the unpopular facts of the forced collaboration of some scientists are highlighted; the process of recovery and reconstruction of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory after the liberation of the city is characterized. With the aim of researching the personal history of Kharkiv astronomy of the studied period, the monograph presents the results of a historical and biographical study of facts of life and scientific heritage of scientists who fully devoted themselves to Science, laid the foundations for the future development of many directions of modern astronomical research, made a significant contribution to the treasury of the national and European astronomical science, whose activities were connected with the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory, in particular: Grigory Levytsky, Ludwig Struve, Mykola Evdokymov, Otto Struve, Mykola Barabashov, Boris Gerasimovich, Vasil Fesenkov, Oleksiy Razdolsky, Boris Ostashchenko-Kudryavtsev, Nicholas Bobrovnikov, Paraskovia Parkhomenko, Mstislav Savron, Boris Semeykin, Kostyantyn Savchenko and others (25 biographical essays are presented). A significant part of the mentioned factual material was also introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. A separate section of the monograph provides chronologically structured information that reflects the sequence of research work of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory employees during the period under study: from astrometric observations of stars and seismic research to spectrohelioscopic and spectroheliographic observations of the Sun and the initiation of the Kharkiv school of planetary science. It is assumed that the materials of the monograph will be used in research work devoted to the study of the process of institutionalization of astronomical research in Kharkiv at the end of the 19th century – the first half of the 20th century.

Nationalism: Past as Prologue began as a single volume being compiled by Ad Akande, a scholar from South Africa, who proposed it to me as co-author about two years ago. The original idea was to examine how the damaging roots of nationalism have been corroding political systems around the world, and creating dangerous obstacles for necessary international cooperation. Since I (Bruce E. Johansen) has written profusely about climate change (global warming, a.k.a. infrared forcing), I suggested a concerted effort in that direction. This is a worldwide existential threat that affects every living thing on Earth. It often compounds upon itself, so delays in reducing emissions of fossil fuels are shortening the amount of time remaining to eliminate the use of fossil fuels to preserve a livable planet. Nationalism often impedes solutions to this problem (among many others), as nations place their singular needs above the common good. Our initial proposal got around, and abstracts on many subjects arrived. Within a few weeks, we had enough good material for a 100,000-word book. The book then fattened to two moderate volumes and then to four two very hefty tomes. We tried several different titles as good submissions swelled. We also discovered that our best contributors were experts in their fields, which ranged the world. We settled on three stand-alone books:” 1/ nationalism and racial justice. Our first volume grew as the growth of Black Lives Matter following the brutal killing of George Floyd ignited protests over police brutality and other issues during 2020, following the police assassination of Floyd in Minneapolis. It is estimated that more people took part in protests of police brutality during the summer of 2020 than any other series of marches in United States history. This includes upheavals during the 1960s over racial issues and against the war in Southeast Asia (notably Vietnam). We choose a volume on racism because it is one of nationalism’s main motive forces. This volume provides a worldwide array of work on nationalism’s growth in various countries, usually by authors residing in them, or in the United States with ethnic ties to the nation being examined, often recent immigrants to the United States from them. Our roster of contributors comprises a small United Nations of insightful, well-written research and commentary from Indonesia, New Zealand, Australia, China, India, South Africa, France, Portugal, Estonia, Hungary, Russia, Poland, Kazakhstan, Georgia, and the United States. Volume 2 (this one) describes and analyzes nationalism, by country, around the world, except for the United States; and 3/material directly related to President Donald Trump, and the United States. The first volume is under consideration at the Texas A & M University Press. The other two are under contract to Nova Science Publishers (which includes social sciences). These three volumes may be used individually or as a set. Environmental material is taken up in appropriate places in each of the three books. * * * * * What became the United States of America has been strongly nationalist since the English of present-day Massachusetts and Jamestown first hit North America’s eastern shores. The country propelled itself across North America with the self-serving ideology of “manifest destiny” for four centuries before Donald Trump came along. Anyone who believes that a Trumpian affection for deportation of “illegals” is a new thing ought to take a look at immigration and deportation statistics in Adam Goodman’s The Deportation Machine: America’s Long History of Deporting Immigrants (Princeton University Press, 2020). Between 1920 and 2018, the United States deported 56.3 million people, compared with 51.7 million who were granted legal immigration status during the same dates. Nearly nine of ten deportees were Mexican (Nolan, 2020, 83). This kind of nationalism, has become an assassin of democracy as well as an impediment to solving global problems. Paul Krugman wrote in the New York Times (2019:A-25): that “In their 2018 book, How Democracies Die, the political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt documented how this process has played out in many countries, from Vladimir Putin’s Russia, to Recep Erdogan’s Turkey, to Viktor Orban’s Hungary. Add to these India’s Narendra Modi, China’s Xi Jinping, and the United States’ Donald Trump, among others. Bit by bit, the guardrails of democracy have been torn down, as institutions meant to serve the public became tools of ruling parties and self-serving ideologies, weaponized to punish and intimidate opposition parties’ opponents. On paper, these countries are still democracies; in practice, they have become one-party regimes….And it’s happening here [the United States] as we speak. If you are not worried about the future of American democracy, you aren’t paying attention” (Krugmam, 2019, A-25). We are reminded continuously that the late Carl Sagan, one of our most insightful scientific public intellectuals, had an interesting theory about highly developed civilizations. Given the number of stars and planets that must exist in the vast reaches of the universe, he said, there must be other highly developed and organized forms of life. Distance may keep us from making physical contact, but Sagan said that another reason we may never be on speaking terms with another intelligent race is (judging from our own example) could be their penchant for destroying themselves in relatively short order after reaching technological complexity. This book’s chapters, introduction, and conclusion examine the worldwide rise of partisan nationalism and the damage it has wrought on the worldwide pursuit of solutions for issues requiring worldwide scope, such scientific co-operation public health and others, mixing analysis of both. We use both historical description and analysis. This analysis concludes with a description of why we must avoid the isolating nature of nationalism that isolates people and encourages separation if we are to deal with issues of world-wide concern, and to maintain a sustainable, survivable Earth, placing the dominant political movement of our time against the Earth’s existential crises. Our contributors, all experts in their fields, each have assumed responsibility for a country, or two if they are related. This work entwines themes of worldwide concern with the political growth of nationalism because leaders with such a worldview are disinclined to co-operate internationally at a time when nations must find ways to solve common problems, such as the climate crisis. Inability to cooperate at this stage may doom everyone, eventually, to an overheated, stormy future plagued by droughts and deluges portending shortages of food and other essential commodities, meanwhile destroying large coastal urban areas because of rising sea levels. Future historians may look back at our time and wonder why as well as how our world succumbed to isolating nationalism at a time when time was so short for cooperative intervention which is crucial for survival of a sustainable earth. Pride in language and culture is salubrious to individuals’ sense of history and identity. Excess nationalism that prevents international co-operation on harmful worldwide maladies is quite another. As Pope Francis has pointed out: For all of our connectivity due to expansion of social media, ability to communicate can breed contempt as well as mutual trust. “For all our hyper-connectivity,” said Francis, “We witnessed a fragmentation that made it more difficult to resolve problems that affect us all” (Horowitz, 2020, A-12). The pope’s encyclical, titled “Brothers All,” also said: “The forces of myopic, extremist, resentful, and aggressive nationalism are on the rise.” The pope’s document also advocates support for migrants, as well as resistance to nationalist and tribal populism. Francis broadened his critique to the role of market capitalism, as well as nationalism has failed the peoples of the world when they need co-operation and solidarity in the face of the world-wide corona virus pandemic. Humankind needs to unite into “a new sense of the human family [Fratelli Tutti, “Brothers All”], that rejects war at all costs” (Pope, 2020, 6-A). Our journey takes us first to Russia, with the able eye and honed expertise of Richard D. Anderson, Jr. who teaches as UCLA and publishes on the subject of his chapter: “Putin, Russian identity, and Russia’s conduct at home and abroad.” Readers should find Dr. Anderson’s analysis fascinating because Vladimir Putin, the singular leader of Russian foreign and domestic policy these days (and perhaps for the rest of his life, given how malleable Russia’s Constitution has become) may be a short man physically, but has high ambitions. One of these involves restoring the old Russian (and Soviet) empire, which would involve re-subjugating a number of nations that broke off as the old order dissolved about 30 years ago. President (shall we say czar?) Putin also has international ambitions, notably by destabilizing the United States, where election meddling has become a specialty. The sight of Putin and U.S. president Donald Trump, two very rich men (Putin $70-$200 billion; Trump $2.5 billion), nuzzling in friendship would probably set Thomas Jefferson and Vladimir Lenin spinning in their graves. The road of history can take some unanticipated twists and turns. Consider Poland, from which we have an expert native analysis in chapter 2, Bartosz Hlebowicz, who is a Polish anthropologist and journalist. His piece is titled “Lawless and Unjust: How to Quickly Make Your Own Country a Puppet State Run by a Group of Hoodlums – the Hopeless Case of Poland (2015–2020).” When I visited Poland to teach and lecture twice between 2006 and 2008, most people seemed to be walking on air induced by freedom to conduct their own affairs to an unusual degree for a state usually squeezed between nationalists in Germany and Russia. What did the Poles then do in a couple of decades? Read Hlebowicz’ chapter and decide. It certainly isn’t soft-bellied liberalism. In Chapter 3, with Bruce E. Johansen, we visit China’s western provinces, the lands of Tibet as well as the Uighurs and other Muslims in the Xinjiang region, who would most assuredly resent being characterized as being possessed by the Chinese of the Han to the east. As a student of Native American history, I had never before thought of the Tibetans and Uighurs as Native peoples struggling against the Independence-minded peoples of a land that is called an adjunct of China on most of our maps. The random act of sitting next to a young woman on an Air India flight out of Hyderabad, bound for New Delhi taught me that the Tibetans had something to share with the Lakota, the Iroquois, and hundreds of other Native American states and nations in North America. Active resistance to Chinese rule lasted into the mid-nineteenth century, and continues today in a subversive manner, even in song, as I learned in 2018 when I acted as a foreign adjudicator on a Ph.D. dissertation by a Tibetan student at the University of Madras (in what is now in a city called Chennai), in southwestern India on resistance in song during Tibet’s recent history. Tibet is one of very few places on Earth where a young dissident can get shot to death for singing a song that troubles China’s Quest for Lebensraum. The situation in Xinjiang region, where close to a million Muslims have been interned in “reeducation” camps surrounded with brick walls and barbed wire. They sing, too. Come with us and hear the music. Back to Europe now, in Chapter 4, to Portugal and Spain, we find a break in the general pattern of nationalism. Portugal has been more progressive governmentally than most. Spain varies from a liberal majority to military coups, a pattern which has been exported to Latin America. A situation such as this can make use of the term “populism” problematic, because general usage in our time usually ties the word into a right-wing connotative straightjacket. “Populism” can be used to describe progressive (left-wing) insurgencies as well. José Pinto, who is native to Portugal and also researches and writes in Spanish as well as English, in “Populism in Portugal and Spain: a Real Neighbourhood?” provides insight into these historical paradoxes. Hungary shares some historical inclinations with Poland (above). Both emerged from Soviet dominance in an air of developing freedom and multicultural diversity after the Berlin Wall fell and the Soviet Union collapsed. Then, gradually at first, right wing-forces began to tighten up, stripping structures supporting popular freedom, from the courts, mass media, and other institutions. In Chapter 5, Bernard Tamas, in “From Youth Movement to Right-Liberal Wing Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fidesz and the Decline of Hungarian Democracy” puts the renewed growth of political and social repression into a context of worldwide nationalism. Tamas, an associate professor of political science at Valdosta State University, has been a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University and a Fulbright scholar at the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary. His books include From Dissident to Party Politics: The Struggle for Democracy in Post-Communist Hungary (2007). Bear in mind that not everyone shares Orbán’s vision of what will make this nation great, again. On graffiti-covered walls in Budapest, Runes (traditional Hungarian script) has been found that read “Orbán is a motherfucker” (Mikanowski, 2019, 58). Also in Europe, in Chapter 6, Professor Ronan Le Coadic, of the University of Rennes, Rennes, France, in “Is There a Revival of French Nationalism?” Stating this title in the form of a question is quite appropriate because France’s nationalistic shift has built and ebbed several times during the last few decades. For a time after 2000, it came close to assuming the role of a substantial minority, only to ebb after that. In 2017, the candidate of the National Front reached the second round of the French presidential election. This was the second time this nationalist party reached the second round of the presidential election in the history of the Fifth Republic. In 2002, however, Jean-Marie Le Pen had only obtained 17.79% of the votes, while fifteen years later his daughter, Marine Le Pen, almost doubled her father's record, reaching 33.90% of the votes cast. Moreover, in the 2019 European elections, re-named Rassemblement National obtained the largest number of votes of all French political formations and can therefore boast of being "the leading party in France.” The brutality of oppressive nationalism may be expressed in personal relationships, such as child abuse. While Indonesia and Aotearoa [the Maoris’ name for New Zealand] hold very different ranks in the United Nations Human Development Programme assessments, where Indonesia is classified as a medium development country and Aotearoa New Zealand as a very high development country. In Chapter 7, “Domestic Violence Against Women in Indonesia and Aotearoa New Zealand: Making Sense of Differences and Similarities” co-authors, in Chapter 8, Mandy Morgan and Dr. Elli N. Hayati, from New Zealand and Indonesia respectively, found that despite their socio-economic differences, one in three women in each country experience physical or sexual intimate partner violence over their lifetime. In this chapter ther authors aim to deepen understandings of domestic violence through discussion of the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of theit countries to address domestic violence alongside studies of women’s attitudes to gender norms and experiences of intimate partner violence. One of the most surprising and upsetting scholarly journeys that a North American student may take involves Adolf Hitler’s comments on oppression of American Indians and Blacks as he imagined the construction of the Nazi state, a genesis of nationalism that is all but unknown in the United States of America, traced in this volume (Chapter 8) by co-editor Johansen. Beginning in Mein Kampf, during the 1920s, Hitler explicitly used the westward expansion of the United States across North America as a model and justification for Nazi conquest and anticipated colonization by Germans of what the Nazis called the “wild East” – the Slavic nations of Poland, the Baltic states, Ukraine, and Russia, most of which were under control of the Soviet Union. The Volga River (in Russia) was styled by Hitler as the Germans’ Mississippi, and covered wagons were readied for the German “manifest destiny” of imprisoning, eradicating, and replacing peoples the Nazis deemed inferior, all with direct references to events in North America during the previous century. At the same time, with no sense of contradiction, the Nazis partook of a long-standing German romanticism of Native Americans. One of Goebbels’ less propitious schemes was to confer honorary Aryan status on Native American tribes, in the hope that they would rise up against their oppressors. U.S. racial attitudes were “evidence [to the Nazis] that America was evolving in the right direction, despite its specious rhetoric about equality.” Ming Xie, originally from Beijing, in the People’s Republic of China, in Chapter 9, “News Coverage and Public Perceptions of the Social Credit System in China,” writes that The State Council of China in 2014 announced “that a nationwide social credit system would be established” in China. “Under this system, individuals, private companies, social organizations, and governmental agencies are assigned a score which will be calculated based on their trustworthiness and daily actions such as transaction history, professional conduct, obedience to law, corruption, tax evasion, and academic plagiarism.” The “nationalism” in this case is that of the state over the individual. China has 1.4 billion people; this system takes their measure for the purpose of state control. Once fully operational, control will be more subtle. People who are subject to it, through modern technology (most often smart phones) will prompt many people to self-censor. Orwell, modernized, might write: “Your smart phone is watching you.” Ming Xie holds two Ph.Ds, one in Public Administration from University of Nebraska at Omaha and another in Cultural Anthropology from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, where she also worked for more than 10 years at a national think tank in the same institution. While there she summarized news from non-Chinese sources for senior members of the Chinese Communist Party. Ming is presently an assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice, West Texas A&M University. In Chapter 10, analyzing native peoples and nationhood, Barbara Alice Mann, Professor of Honours at the University of Toledo, in “Divide, et Impera: The Self-Genocide Game” details ways in which European-American invaders deprive the conquered of their sense of nationhood as part of a subjugation system that amounts to genocide, rubbing out their languages and cultures -- and ultimately forcing the native peoples to assimilate on their own, for survival in a culture that is foreign to them. Mann is one of Native American Studies’ most acute critics of conquests’ contradictions, and an author who retrieves Native history with a powerful sense of voice and purpose, having authored roughly a dozen books and numerous book chapters, among many other works, who has traveled around the world lecturing and publishing on many subjects. Nalanda Roy and S. Mae Pedron in Chapter 11, “Understanding the Face of Humanity: The Rohingya Genocide.” describe one of the largest forced migrations in the history of the human race, the removal of 700,000 to 800,000 Muslims from Buddhist Myanmar to Bangladesh, which itself is already one of the most crowded and impoverished nations on Earth. With about 150 million people packed into an area the size of Nebraska and Iowa (population less than a tenth that of Bangladesh, a country that is losing land steadily to rising sea levels and erosion of the Ganges river delta. The Rohingyas’ refugee camp has been squeezed onto a gigantic, eroding, muddy slope that contains nearly no vegetation. However, Bangladesh is majority Muslim, so while the Rohingya may starve, they won’t be shot to death by marauding armies. Both authors of this exquisite (and excruciating) account teach at Georgia Southern University in Savannah, Georgia, Roy as an associate professor of International Studies and Asian politics, and Pedron as a graduate student; Roy originally hails from very eastern India, close to both Myanmar and Bangladesh, so he has special insight into the context of one of the most brutal genocides of our time, or any other. This is our case describing the problems that nationalism has and will pose for the sustainability of the Earth as our little blue-and-green orb becomes more crowded over time. The old ways, in which national arguments often end in devastating wars, are obsolete, given that the Earth and all the people, plants, and other animals that it sustains are faced with the existential threat of a climate crisis that within two centuries, more or less, will flood large parts of coastal cities, and endanger many species of plants and animals. To survive, we must listen to the Earth, and observe her travails, because they are increasingly our own.

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the linkages between socio-economic background, family formation and economic (dis)advantage and reveals to what extent the influence of parental education on family formation persists over time, i.e. across birth cohorts. The second part of this chapter examines to what extent the influence of socio-economic background persists over the life-course. This part covers: (1) the influence of parental education on union formation over the life-course, and (2) the influence of socio-economic background on income trajectories in young adulthood, after adjusting for the career and family pathways that young adults followed during the transition to adulthood, thereby examining the influence of socio-economic background on income beyond the first stage of young adulthood. This chapter reveals two key insights on the linkages between socio-economic background, family formation and (dis)advantage: (1) Whereas union and family formation patterns have changed across birth cohorts, socio-economic background continues to stratify union and family formation pathways; (2) Although the influence of socio-economic background on family formation and young adults’ economic position decreases throughout young adulthood, socio-economic background continues to have an impact in young adulthood.

Abstract The high mass loss rates of red giant stars during the AGB (asymptotic giant branch) phase of stellar evolution obviously cannot continue for very_ long. For example, the central star of IRC+10216 is losing roughly 10-4 M0yr-1 (solar masses per year), and contains only a few M0. The chemistry of matter ejected during the post AGB (PAGB) evolution of such stars is the subject of this chapter. The matter will continue to drift from its parent star, even after the end of the high mass loss rate phase. The changes in physical properties of this material (density, opacity, temperature) occur on timescales of the order of hundreds of years, or less:—even shorter than those that characterize the· AGB phase. In addition, the remnant star will continue to evolve quite rapidly, perhaps on comparable timescales. The interaction of the ejected envelope with the remnant star thus provides a fascinating field of study, both for the theoretician and the observer. The attraction of this field is the challenge of following a dynamic, evolving system, displaying widely differing physical conditions that change during the course of a human lifetime. However, the short evolutionary timescale implies that few such objects will be observable at any one time.

The health crisis facing the world in 2020 is impacting all strata of human society and challenging citizens and their institutions, including educational institutions. Educational institutions need to continue to connect teachers and students to ensure educational continuity. This unprecedented experiment in confined foreign language teaching began in March 2020 at Inalco, where we teach Korean language in the Korean Studies Department. From that date onwards, like all teachers at Inalco, we had to provide all our language courses online.

If the contract has not been formalized as a deed, the agreement will be recognized as legally effective only if the party suing has provided something at the other party’s request as a bargained element. The doctrine continues to apply, but some of its extensions have been either abandoned or diluted. The doctrine of consideration applies not just to initial agreements but to agreements to vary contracts. In the variation context, a notable modern development is that a promise to pay more for performance can be enforced if the court can identify that the promise of extra remuneration is underpinned by a commercial advantage to the person expecting performance. This is the ‘practical benefit’ aspect of variation agreements. Also in the context of variations, the Common Law continues to refuse to recognize a gratuitous promise to extinguish or reduce a debt which has accrued under the contract. It remains controversial whether there is any equitable qualification on this last proposition if the debtor has acted in reliance on the promised and favourable variation made by the creditor.

Abstract In the course of the sixties, American historians, social activists, and organic intellectuals contributed to the creation of a new discourse on slavery that shaped, and continues to shape, the options of cultural workers representing American chattel slavery: Three broadly defined topics emerged as particularly significant: violence, property, and identity. These three topics assumed a prominent place in this new discourse on slavery because they so effectively demonstrated the connections between the political climate of the sixties and the long-term effects the institution of slavery had on American social life.

Abstract This chapter offers detailed insight into the collaboration between the Indian revolutionaries in Russia, the formation of the Indian Communist Party (ICP), its relation to the Comintern, and early activities. While Acharya remained a member of the Indian Revolutionary Association, he was also instrumental in the formative months of the ICP, leading missions to Andijan, Skobelev, and Bukhara, and recruiting new members into the party. Roy’s grip on the party and Acharya’s continued membership of the IRA became a contentious issue, and only two months after the formation of the ICP the Indians discussed Acharya’s allegiance to the Bolsheviks. Expelled from the ICP in late December 1920, the division between the Indian revolutionaries grew wider as Virendranath Chattopadhyaya and a group of Indians from Berlin arrived in the spring of 1921 to propose an alternative to M. N. Roy’s group. Focusing on rivalries and counter-revolution, the chapter brings to light a fascinating and problematic history of the birth of Indian communism in exile.

Princely marriages are here seen as a key component in dynasty formation and dynasty securing. The marriages of the Danish royal house and three houses of the Empire are studied for the period c. 1530–1700. Most of them took place within what can be labelled a Scandinavian-German-Lutheran marriage sphere. It was a highly hierarchized sphere with little contact between top (royal and electoral houses) and bottom (comital houses). The will of a princely couple to let their offspring continue to lead their lives at an appropriate status level, or a higher if possible, together with confessional considerations, seems to explain more of the marriage pattern than purely political considerations.

Abstract Longitudinal sections through the medulla and cervical spinal cord of small mammals demonstrate that the ventral funiculus of the spinal cord lies mainly ventral to the caudal end of the inferior olive, and that it continues on in the medulla as fibers associated with the medial or white reticular formation. The latest evidence about this continuity is presented in Fig. 409, which is from a sagittal section through the medulla of a newborn mouse. The most ventrolateral region of the ventral funiculus follows this course, and is particularly obviou,s around lateral parts of the inferior olive. In contrast, dorsomedial parts of the ventral funiculus are continuous with the medial longitudinal fascicle and with fibers in regions of the medial or white reticular formation dorsal to the inferior olive. In the mouse, rabbit, cat, and so on, some bundles of the ventral funiculus also course near the raphe, between the inferior olive dorsally and the pyramidal tract ventrally.

This introduction to the second part of Class Acts, titled “The Open Seminar,” begins with an overview of Derrida’s teaching career and of his infamous “seminar” presentations, along with his own explicit reflections on pedagogy and educational institutions beginning in the mid-1970s. It shows how the young student who “never liked school,” and who continued not to like it, would nevertheless go on to spend the rest of his life in educational institutions as either a student or teacher. To explain this apparent contradiction, the chapter attempts to follow both Derrida’s willingness to work within certain educational institutions in France and his attempts to change them, either by offering alternative programs for them or by proposing alternatives to them. The chapter emphasizes the importance of the formation of GREPH (the Groupe de recherches sur l’enseignement philosophique) in 1975 and the foundation of the International College of Philosophy in 1983 for achieving these latter goals. The chapter concludes that, for Derrida, pedagogy is always a question of thinking together and combining the programmatic with the non-programmatic, a curriculum that can be prepared and taught with something that can never be prepared for or put on a syllabus.

Le MOOC est un terme formé des initiales abréviatives signifiant en anglais Massive Open Online Course. Il s’agit d’une plateforme de formation en ligne ouverte à tous développée au début des années 2010. Le MOOC de Turc est en préparation depuis deux ans le cadre d’un projet collectif à l’INALCO. Il s’agit d’un cours de langue audiovisuel en ligne, à distance et en autoformation. Dans cet article trois questions d’ordre pédagogique seront abordées : — les difficultés linguistiques liées à la langue turque et à la simplification des procédures pédagogiques imposée par la durée de l’enseignement (5 semaines). — la pertinence des solutions qu’on propose. Comment contourner les obstacles érigés par la distance, la durée, la simplification et l’hétérogénéité du public ? — et enfin, comment mettre à profit un programme conçu pour l’enseignement à distance dans des cours d’initiation présentiels ? Une fois achevé, nous pensons qu’il pourra être utilisé également dans nos cours d’initiation, ainsi que dans les cours de la Formation Continue ; puisqu’on envisage une évaluation et une certification dans un modèle économique. Nous nous interrogerons enfin sur la force d’attractivité mais aussi les points de faiblesse de ce nouvel outil pédagogique.

Motivational processes are a promising avenue for addressing concerns related to interest, persistence, engagement, and learning in STEM courses. We examined changes in utility value in an introductory statistics course overall, by sex and underrepresented racial minority (URM) and tested the relationship between utility value and learning. Data were collected from 810 students, including their perceived utility value of the course, quiz scores, and course grades. Utility value declined from the beginning to the middle of the course. Significant differences were found by URM status, but not by sex. While URM students continued to experience a decline towards the end of the course, White and Asian students did not. Students’ utility value (t3) and their formative assessments (t2 and t3) predicted their final grade. The findings highlight the need for a deeper understanding of short-term relationships between motivation, learning, and performance as well as the ongoing concern for underrepresented groups in STEM.

Abstract This study updates a case history presented in 2013 (SPE 165321-MS) involving cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) in Santa Maria Energy's (SME) opal A diatomite project in the Orcutt field, Santa Barbara County, California. Recent steam injection data from a newer deviated CSS producer drilled in 2019 on 1.2 acre spacing situated immediately north of the original 20-vertical well project is analyzed and discussed. Oil is produced from the project using matrix flow steam injection. Discussed is the continued success seen with steam injection tracking and monitoring using modified Hall plots and their derivatives. Matrix flow is validated and enables simple analytical calculations to be used for determining a host of parameters including steam zone flow capacity, kh, steam injection rates that avoid formation parting, and the zone of endangering influence (ZEI) needed for UIC approvals. Evidence of pore dilation and unavoidable skin effects are also discussed. Modified Hall plots provide an alternative method for determining the formation parting flow rate (FPR) instead of the formation parting pressure (FPP) since step-rate tests for pressure are not reliable (SPE 169513-MS). An actual CSS well case history is used. This study shows there to be a wide range of diatomite steam zone injection conditions that do not cause parting or fracturing of the diatomite by steam. The real -time Hall plots used to continuously track and monitor safe CSS steam injection also provide valuable insights as to how injection zone properties change as the project matures. The project monitoring protocols originally described in our 2013 paper continue to be used with safe and reliable outcomes confirmed by thousands of successful project CSS injection operations. This project has not produced any out of zone break outs since the start of steam injection in 2009.

Introduction: La prise en charge des collections circonscrites aiguës suppurées d’origine dentaire (CCASD) implique un drainage, le traitement de la dent causale ainsi que la mise en place d’une antibiothérapie dont le choix repose actuellement sur les recommandations de l’ANSM (recommandations AFSSAPS, 2011). En première intention, elles préconisent la prescription d’amoxicilline (2g/jours) ou clindamycine (1200g/jour) en cas d’allergie; en seconde intention, une bithérapie associant classiquement l’amoxicilline à l’acide clavulanique ou au métronidazole. L’émergence de mécanismes de résistances bactériennes a conduit à la mise en place d’actions favorisant une meilleure utilisation des antibiotiques. La France s’inscrit parmi les plus gros consommateurs en Europe (ANSM 2017): une surconsommation globale, une utilisation trop fréquente de molécules à large spectre en pratique courante. Dans ce contexte, l’ANSM a émis des recommandations sur la prescription des antibiotiques pour la prise en charge des CCASD. Sachant que 90% des prescriptions sont faites en ville dont 8% par les chirurgiens-dentistes (CD), il est paru nécessaire de connaître leur attitude. Nous avons donc souhaité évaluer l’impact des recommandations de l’ANSM chez les CD en France, dans la prise en charge des CCASD. Matériel et méthode: Nous avons réalisé une enquête nationale, en collaboration avec l’UFSBD (Union Francaise pour la Santé Bucco-Dentaire), regroupant 15000 praticiens, ayant recu le questionnaire par mail. Il comprenait 28 questions sur quatre thèmes principaux: prise en charge des CCASD, connaissance des recommandations, leur application, formations professionnelles initiales et continues. Résultats: Sur l’ensemble des praticiens, 690 (4,6%) ont participé à l’étude. 13% suivent de manière stricte les recommandations et 70,5% réalisent un acte clinique le jour de l’urgence : il correspond à 98% à un drainage (par voie muqueuse ou ouverture de la dent). Dans seulement 1/3 des cas la prescription de première intention se portait sur l’amoxicilline seule. 44% y associent des anti-inflammatoires. 68% des praticiens reconnaissent connaître les recommandations de l’ANSM par leur formation initiale (36%), une revue professionnelle (27%) ou un congrès (19%). La plupart suit une formation continue (77% une revue professionnelle, 90% un congrès, 38% un cursus de formation continue théorique). 89% prescrivent des anti-inflammatoires lors de la consultation d’urgence. Conclusion: Il existe peu de données évaluant l’impact des recommandations concernant ce sujet, mais il est communément admis qu’elles sont peu suivies (Gaillat et al 2005), ce que révèle également notre étude. Les raisons invoquées sont multiples : désaccord des praticiens sur l’efficacité des recommandations, manque de temps, contraintes organisationnelles. Bien que la bithérapie soit considérée comme plus efficace par les CD interrogés pour traiter les CCASD, les experts s’accordent à dire qu’elle participe à la création de la résistance bactérienne, considérée comme ≪ l’une des plus graves menaces pesant sur la santé mondiale ≫, et faisant l’objet d’un plan d’action mondial mis en place par l’OMS et l’ONU en 2015 (OMS, 2017).

In order to protect thrombus formation, administration of low dose aspirin has become common. However, its significance for this purpose is still not clear. Effect of small dose of aspirin (ASA) onplatelet aggregation and ability of malondialdehyde(MDA) formation in platelet by the addition of arachidonic acid in vitro were investigated. In clinical study, platelet aggregation, MDA formation of platelet, serum P-thromboglobulin(p-TG), platelet factor 4(PF4) and thromboxane B2(TX-B2) levelswere measured before and after low doseaspirin therapy.Platelet aggregations by ADP, collagen, epinephrin and arachidonate as inducers were significantly suppressed under 12.5 ug/ml ASA in the medium. MDA formation of platelet was remarkably inhibited under 1.6 ug/ml of ASA in the medium in vitro.In patients, single oral dose of 50 mg ASA showed no change on platelet aggregation while the ability of MDA formation decreased 50# of the before. Serum concentration of ASA after oral dose of 50 mg ASA only showed 1.5 to 6.0 ug/ml at maximum.Daily dose of 50 mg ASA was continued during 10 days. Changes of various factors due to the time course were observed. Inhibitions of platelet aggregation were seen from 5th day on ADP and collagenand from 2nd day on epinephrin and arachidonate as inducers during the therapy. MDA formations of platelet were decreased quickly and it became almost zero at 5th day. ASA levels in the patient serum reached plateau as 8 or 9 ug/ml from 3rdday.Various patients with a possibility of thrombus formation were administered daily 50 mg ASA during 10 days. Platelet aggregations and MDA production, serum β-TG, PF4 and TXB2 levels were measured before and after the therapy. Platelet aggregations by ADP, collagen and epinephrin as inducers were significantly suppressed after the therapyand MDA production of platelet was also markedly decreased after the therapy. There were no significant changes in serumβ-TG and PF4 levels while TXB2 level tended to decrease after the therapy.From these results, it was concluded that daily 50 mg ASA oral dose was certainly effective for protection of thrombus formation.

Applied Thermodynamics is a graduate course at Kettering University. Undergraduate Thermodynamics serves as the only prerequisite. This course covers the concepts introduced in undergraduate thermodynamics and continues with the coverage of thermodynamic relations, mixtures and solutions, psychrometry, phase and chemical equilibrium, and chemical reactions. These concepts are then applied in detail to various power and refrigeration cycles. Topics such as mole fraction, mass fraction, enthalpy of formation, adiabatic flame temperature and the application of the Second Law to reacting mixtures are covered. Team projects are incorporated into this graduate course. Recent projects included a turbojet engine and a non-ideal regenerative steam power plant. The objective of the first project was to compute component efficiencies and the thrust force for a jet engine. The second project aimed to optimize the thermal efficiency of a non-ideal regenerative steam power plant by varying the feed-water heater pressure. Both projects utilized the Engineering Equation Solver (EES), a general equation solver with built-in functions for thermodynamic and transport properties. This article describes the projects and presents the solution techniques and the computed results. For the jet engine, computed results are based on actual test data obtained in Energy Systems Laboratory at Kettering University.

The field of vascular tissue engineering continues to advance rapidly, yet there is a pressing need to understand better the time course of polymer degradation and the sequence of cell-mediated matrix deposition and organization. Mounting evidence suggests that cells respond to mechanical perturbations through a process of growth and remodeling (G&R) to establish, maintain, and restore a preferred state of homeostatic stress. Previous computational models utilizing G&R approaches have captured arterial responses to diverse changes in mechanical loading [1, 8, 9]. Recently, a G&R framework was also introduced to account for the kinetics of polymer degradation as well as synthesis and degradation of neotissue constituents [5]. Niklason et al. demonstrated that models of G&R can predict both evolving tissue composition and mechanical behavior after extended periods of in vitro culture of polymer-based tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs), thus providing insights into the timecourse of neotissue formation and polymer removal. Moreover, they suggest that models of G&R can be powerful tools for the future refinement and optimization of scaffold designs. Nevertheless, such computational models have not yet been developed for examining the formation of neotissue following the implantation of a polymeric TEVG in vivo.

Abstract Fracturing treatments are often challenging in high-pressure/high-temperature, tectonically stressed areas with heterogeneous and complex lithology. This study presents case histories of two multistage fracturing campaigns executed on a tight gas formation in a deep volcanic reservoir onshore Japan. This work begins by highlighting the technical difficulties experienced during the first campaign, reviews the countermeasures developed over the course of the decade between campaigns, and finishes lessons learned from execution and evaluation of the second campaign. A root-cause analysis was undertaken to understand the poor treatment results from the first campaign where stages were defined by no formation breakdown, poor injectivity or early screen-out. It included re-evaluation of core/petrophysical interpretation, stress model and net pressure history matching, and development of injectivity index diagnostic plots. The findings were used to identify updated technologies and workflows for the second campaign with consideration of limitations in the target well drilled +10 years before and uncompleted. Finally, details of field execution and post-job logging results are presented to verify effectiveness of proposed techniques and extract lessons learned for future operations. The breakdown and injectivity issues of the first campaign appear to be tied to the initiation interval location and facies, where initiating in a massive lava facies was most problematic due to high stress and extreme tortuosity. Uncertainty in the propped height from the net pressure history matches showed room for optimization in treatment design. In the second campaign, with mitigation plans for breakdown issues, premature screen-outs and detection of propped height in place, nine fracture stages were attempted. Eight stages achieved successful breakdown with careful target selection and weighted brine. Two conventional treatments with crosslinked gel were placed in the intervals with high injectivity and, as a field trial, two slickwater treatments with high viscosity friction reducer were placed in intervals to deal with low injectivity. Issues with high apparent net pressure due to tortuosity continued, comparable to the first well, and efforts to further reduce treating pressure for future campaigns continues. Logging of the non-radioactive traceable proppant pumped revealed thin propped heights while production logging showed contribution from the zones treated with slickwater indicating it may be a viable solution for this type of challenging reservoir. This work highlights a series of technical issues and possible solutions of multistage fracturing in a volcanic reservoir, validated through field execution. Proposed solutions partially solved the challenges, but at the same time they open further questions for future campaigns. This study can serve as a reference for fracturing operations in challenging analogue reservoirs.

Abstract Measurement of the strength of materials and calculation of applied and residual stress are fundamental to mechanical engineering design and the continuous improvement of mechanical systems and processes. This paper uses these fundamental principles to establish an enhanced engineering framework and workflow for drill bit design, application, and drilling process improvements. It also highlights improvements in modeling and experimental data collection that are needed to continue to improve the drilling process. Transient rock-cutting models are used to calculate the contact stress on the face of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters on drill bits. This is applied to finite element models (FEM) of the cutters to calculate the maximum principal stresses. This process can be used to study the effects of bit profile, blade count, and cutter density on the maximum principal stress while drilling at different penetration per revolution (PPR) in various formation hardnesses. These stresses are compared with a forensics study to find instances of tangential overload-induced fractures to determine the maximum PPR a given PDC bit design can withstand for a given rock strength and application. When drilling homogeneous or interbedded formations, it is necessary to control the PDC cutter stress below its structural limit. One method to do this is to create roadmaps of the acceptable parameters (particularly PPR) to reduce unwanted tool failures and trips. Roadmap creation is often experimental and fine-tuned with field development. With the outlined workflow, digital data from offset wells and forensics observations can be used to calculate stress for specific designs and applications. Along with estimations of a particular cutter's tangentially loaded structural integrity, this can be used to create much more accurate roadmaps of the drilling system's capabilities. Computation of the dynamic stress required to fail cutters is a major improvement for the industry. It makes the design process and parameter recommendations based on well-established engineering principles. This process is continuously improved as the experimental and modeling capabilities are upgraded. Specific guidance on maximum allowable PPR as a function of confined compressive rock strength can now be given to reduce uncertainties in roadmap creation. Bit designers can study the effects of bit profile, blade count, cutter density, and depth of cut (DOC) elements on the peak cutter stress while drilling interbedded formations, and bit selection of existing designs is now put on a firm engineering basis. This is a significant improvement over the maximum weight on bit (WOB) recommendations used today.

Summary CO2 flooding is emerging as a pivotal technique extensively utilized for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) strategies. Acid stimulation is one common technique widely employed to improve well-formation connectivity by creating wormholes. This work is motivated to investigate the gas-fingering behavior induced by the acid stimulation during CO2 flooding. We present an integrated simulation framework to couple the acid stimulation and CO2 flooding processes, in which the two-scale continuum model is used to model the development of wormhole dissolution patterns. Then, sensitivity case simulations are conducted through the EoS-based compositional model to further analyze the CO2 fingering behavior in acid stimulation formations separately under immiscible and miscible conditions. Results demonstrate that for acid stimulation, the typical dissolution patterns and the optimum acid injection rate corresponding to the minimum acid breakthrough volume observed in the laboratory are prevalent in field-scale simulations. For CO2 flooding simulation, the dissolution patterns trigger CO2 fingering (bypassing due to the high conductivity of wormholes) in the stimulated region, and a lateral boundary effect eliminating fingers exerts its influence over the system through transverse mixing. The optimum acid injection rate varies when the focus of interest changes from the minimum acid breakthrough volume to CO2 flooding performance. The best CO2 flooding performance is always observed in uniform dissolution. This work provides technical and theoretical support for the practical application of acid stimulation and CO2 flooding.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Le Centre de Sante de Référence de Douentza fait face à des nombreux défis des soins néonataux exacerbés par le contexte d’accès très limités. Plusieurs initiatives ont été envisagées notamment le support continu du Pédiatre, analyses des causes des décès et définition des plans d’action, formation au lit des malades. Pour accéder et accompagner le personnel soignant, une formation virtuelle intersectionnelle des soins néonataux a été réalisée pendant 2,5 mois pour une équipe de 7 staffs (infirmières et médecins). Le partage de cette expérience a comme objectif de montrer les bonnes pratiques possibles dans ces contextes. CASE DESCRIPTION Après cette formation virtuelle interactive, l’équipe a pris l’initiative d’identifier les grands défis à relever pour améliorer les soins néonataux à travers une évaluation approfondie (arbre à problèmes) des pratiques de soins dans le projet. La collecte d’informations comprenait des observations sur place à travers des entretiens avec le personnel de santé et avec des accompagnants, des dossiers des patients ainsi que les audits de décès. Définition et implémentation du plan d’amélioration qui a permis : • Réorganisation de la salle de néonatologie en fonction du degré d’urgence : rouge, orange, vert, zone de réanimation. • Meilleure acceptance en interne et sensibilisation sur les soins de la mère kangourou et zéro séparation. • Mise en place et maitrise du protocole de prise en charge (PEC) et de la réanimation néonatale. • Consensus et adoption des critères de PEC (admissions, référence, soins palliatifs). • Travail en amont avec l’équipe de la Promotion de santé et engagement communautaire pour le recours précoce aux soins. CONCLUSIONS La formation virtuelle a permis non seulement d’interagir, d’acquérir des nouvelles connaissances mais aussi l ́analyse et détection des causes profondes du problème, proposer des interventions ciblées à court et moyen terme ; définir le chronogramme d’implémentation ainsi que les indicateurs de suivi. Des changements perceptibles sont opérés et continueront pour des soins néonataux appropriés.