Thematische Bibliographien / Forest policies and act

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Forest policies and act“

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Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Forest policies and act"

H, Sree Krishna Bharadwaj. „Rights of Indian tribal population and implementation of Forest Rights Act, 2006—a critical analysis“. Global Journal of Sociology: Current Issues 8, Nr. 2 (30.11.2018): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjs.v8i2.3868.

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The history of land acquisition including forests is not new in India. The same has been in existence since the conquest of British. A number of laws and policies were framed from time to time which restricted the rights of tribes and forest dwellers. Some laws even displaced them. The Forest Rights Act, 2006 was enacted to give recognition to rights of scheduled tribes and traditional forest dwellers. The paper intends to analyse the implementation of the Act and understand the impact of change it may have brought.

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Fayiah, M. „Uncertainties and trends in the forest policy framework in Sierra Leone: an overview of forest sustainability challenges in the post-independence era“. International Forestry Review 23, Nr. 2 (01.06.2021): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554821832952744.

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Sierr a Leone is part of the Upper Guinean Forests with a climate that enhances great floral biodiversity. The exploitation of forest resources in Sierra Leone has seen a steady increase over the years while the establishment of forest plantations has witnessed a drastic decline. The relationship between forest exploitation and plantation forest decline is broadly assumed to be influenced by population growth, weak forest policies, legislatures, forest management and monitoring policies over the past century. The paper examines forests status and forest resources policy evolution since the pre-colonial era but pays particular attention to policies developed from 1988, in the post-colonial era, and the challenges facing their implementation. The paper highlights major challenges facing the healthy and sustainable growth of forest resources in Sierra Leone. The challenges range from the attachment of the Forestry Division to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security (MAFFS), the overlap in ministerial mandates about forest protection, corrupt government officials, poverty, illegal logging, inadequate funding and staff, natural disaster and outdated forestry instruments. Natural factors such as climate change, drought, and landslides are considered among the issues affecting the sustainable expansion of forest resources in Sierra Leone. A flowchart of forest sustainability challenges in Sierra Leone was designed, and classified forest challenges into natural and man-made causes. The inability of the Forestry Division to become an independent body and the continued reliance of the Division on the 1988 Forestry Act to make informed decisions in the 21st century is serving as a major barrier in sustaining forests resources in Sierra Leone. Improving forest management in the country requires the collective efforts of both national and international forests protections entities and organizations. Sound forests conservation policies and adequate funding and staffing can strengthen the Forestry Division in enforcing its constitutional mandates. Adopting the best practices models from countries such as China, India and the USA will help towards the goal of managing forest resources sustainably for current and future generations.

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DORJI, LAM, EDWARD L. WEBB und GANESH P. SHIVAKOTI. „Forest property rights under nationalized forest management in Bhutan“. Environmental Conservation 33, Nr. 2 (Juni 2006): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892906002979.

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Forest nationalization policies in Asia have often resulted in decreased local property rights over forests and users' short-term exploitative behaviour, leading to degradation of forests. Bhutan's centralized forest management structure was initiated with the Forest Act of 1969. This paper evaluates how nationalization of forests in Bhutan changed forest property rights and associated incentives and disincentives and management outcomes for leaf-litter forests (sokshing) and non-sokshing forests. Using the International Forestry Resources and Institutions (IRFI) research protocols, 12 sites across Bhutan's broadleaf zones were surveyed. Changes in forest property rights were analysed using Ostrom and Schlager's ‘bundles of rights’ framework. The forest nationalization policy changed the array of de jure rights that local people had over both traditionally community-used forests (the majority of forests) and small blocks of sokshings that were usually owned by a household and managed to produce valuable leaf litter for their agriculture livelihoods. There was more compliance with regulations in sokshing than in non-sokshing forests. Non-compliance of local people with forest conservation occurred in areas where the chance of being caught for rule breaking was perceived to be low or the costs of compliance were high. This was almost exclusively the case in non-sokshing forest in the form of widespread but low-intensity illegal tree cutting. The continuing significance of sokshing for agricultural livelihoods serves as a strong incentive for conservation of sokshings by rural people, even though the sokshings are under ultimate state control. The successful management of forests requires minimal difference between de jure policies and de facto practices for which rules that allocate property rights and the way those rules are enforced are important elements. Conservation and management rights of non-sokshing for communities would not only promote local stewardship, but also put the limited capacity of the Department of Forest to best use. Increased deforestation around villages may result, because modern development alternatives may make leaf litter insignificant for agriculture.

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Szramka, Hubert, und Krzysztof Adamowicz. „Forest development and conservation policy in Poland“. Folia Forestalia Polonica 62, Nr. 1 (01.03.2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2020-0004.

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AbstractWhilst, in many countries, the scale of forest loss from business-as-usual development is immense, in Poland, this problem does not exist. However, obtaining additional land areas for afforestation is a main issue in Poland. In Poland, after the World War II, the forest area has been systematically growing. In 1945, the forest area was about 6.5 million ha, and the forest cover was 21%. In 2016, the forest area reached 9.2 million ha, and forest cover amounted to 29.5%. Today, there are 0.24 ha of forests per one inhabitant of Poland. The size of wood resources in stands is also changing. In 1945, forest resources on the trunk amounted to approximately 906 million m3, and in 2016, it reached 2.4 million m3. The problem, however, is the uneven distribution of forests in Poland. Forests in Poland are very strictly protected by law. There are two most important acts, Forest Act of 2001 and Nature Conservation Act of 2004, that regulate principles for the retention, protection and augmentation of forest resources. Over the past decades in Poland, the social demands regarding non-economical functions of forest such as recreational activities, soil and water protection and mitigation of global warming became an important and constantly growing challenge for forest managers. Thus we suggest that, first of all, it is very important to extract the leading function for a given forest area. Interactions between development and conservations policies are very tied and may suggest the need of their integration. In this article, we present the concept of development policy for forest management and forest protection in Poland.

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Singh, Bir Pal. „Tribe, Forest and Law the Development Debate“. Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 13, Nr. 2 (Juli 2013): 459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972558x1301300219.

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Forests have been the major source of livelihood for human beings since time immemorial. So far the tribal people of India are concerned; they have developed a symbiotic relationship with the forest due to their close proximity with the forest as the natural habitation. The tribal communities live in about 15 percent of the country's areas in various ecological and geo-climatic conditions, ranging from plants, forests, hills and inaccessible areas. The collection and marketing of Minor Forest Produce have been a major source of livelihood for the most tribal families contributing around 70 percent of their total income. Forest can be better protected by the people living in the forest and depending for their survival on its natural wealth. However, once the deprivation of right to live in the forest started way back in 1865, when the first Imperial Forest Act was enacted and Imperial Forest Department was established, and that has continued even after the six decades of independence, it resulted into conflict and tension between the forest officials and forest dwellers, especially the tribal people. The paper seeks a critical note on the history of forest laws and policies in India and their impact on tribal people with the following objectives: 1. o trace the historical importance afforests on the life and living of the tribal people 2. To highlight the impact of policies/approaches adopted by the planners of the country for the development of tribal people 3. To trace the legislative journey of forest laws and their impact on tribal people 4. To find out the future implication of new forest law in protecting the rights of the tribal people

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Tsai, Wen-Tien. „Forest Resource Management and Its Climate-Change Mitigation Policies in Taiwan“. Climate 9, Nr. 1 (29.12.2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9010003.

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Based on high carbon emissions in recent years (i.e., about 11 metric tons in 2018) per capita in terms of carbon dioxide equivalents, Taiwan has actively development greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction action plans. One of the action plans has been to promote afforestation and reforestation in non-forested lands for carbon sequestration. Thus, this paper aims to address the forest resources in Taiwan by using the latest national survey, reporting on an interactive analysis of forest carbon sequestration, GHG emissions, and climate-change mitigation policies. In this regard, the methodology is based on the official websites of forest resources, GHG emissions, and carbon sequestration from the yearbooks, national statistics, and regulations relevant to the mitigation policies in the forestry sector. It is found that Taiwan’s forest area is estimated to be 2.197 million hectares, which corresponds to a total forest stock volume of about 502.0 million cubic meters. During the period of 1990–2018, the change in total carbon sequestration did not vary much (with the exception of 2009), decreasing from 23.4 million metric tons in 1990 to 21.4 million metric tons in 2018. Compared to the total carbon dioxide emissions (i.e., 102.4 million metric tons in 1990 and 282.8 million metric tons in 2018), the contribution to GHG mitigation in the forestry sector shows a declining trend. However, biomass (i.e., wood) carbon sequestration indicates a slight increase from 20.4 million metric tons in 2010 to 20.7 million metric tons in 2018 due to the afforestation policy. Obviously, regulatory policies, based on the Forestry Act and the Greenhouse Gas Reduction & Management Act in 2015, play a vital role in mitigating GHG emissions in Taiwan. The discussion on the regulations is further addressed to highlight climate-change mitigation policies in Taiwan’s forestry sector.

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Robson, Mark, und Troy Davis. „Evaluating the transition to sustainable forest management in Ontario’s Crown Forest Sustainability Act and forest management planning manuals from 1994 to 2009“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, Nr. 4 (April 2015): 436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0269.

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The purpose of the paper is to analyse the extent of policy change and learning in the 20 years following the implementation of Ontario’s forest sustainability legislation. Extent of policy learning and change towards sustainable forest management are measured using a combination of content, co-occurrence, and textual analysis of the previous Crown Timber Act and the new Crown Forest Sustainability Act, as well as the latter’s 1996 and 2009 forest planning manuals. There were four key findings. First, policy change towards sustainable forest management has been limited. Second, although there was an increased number of values mentioned in new legislation and planning manuals, the frequency of timber values remained dominant. Third, although integration occurred among a greater range of values, integration with timber values continued to dominate. Fourth, with respect to policy learning, the achievement of sustainable forest management is now explicit and judged based on evidence regarding the inclusion of a range of values beyond timber. The paper concludes that the transition to the more integrative and responsive policies of sustainable forest management remains a work in progress.

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Mohamed, Mohamed Khalfan, Elhadi Adam und Colbert M. Jackson. „Policy Review and Regulatory Challenges and Strategies for the Sustainable Mangrove Management in Zanzibar“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 2 (13.01.2023): 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021557.

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The aim of this study was to examine the challenges of the policies and regulatory framework and strategies for the sustainable mangrove management in Zanzibar, from 1890 to present. The study collected both primary and secondary data. The secondary data were collected through the a review of previous policies, legal documents, by laws, ministry/department reports, research reports, newspapers and articles. The primary data were mainly collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and semi-structured interviews. The study found that, before Zanzibar became a British protectorate in 1890, the forests were communally managed with the guidance of forest guardians, chiefs and elders. The colonial government enacted a number of land administration laws, policies, and arrangements aimed at conserving the natural resources, including the mangrove forests. From 1930 to the end of the Second World War (WWII), mangrove forests were severely degraded because the colonial government paid little attention to their conservation and management. The policy arrangements put in place after independence, such as the National Forest Conservation and Management Act of 1996, laid the legal groundwork for the introduction of the participation of the local communities in the conservation of mangroves. However, they were not sufficient enough to promote the sustainable use of mangrove forests. This study proposes that there is a need for more inclusive and diverse regulations. Furthermore, for the effective conservation and management of mangroves, conflicting laws and responsibilities between government departments should be harmonized.

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Baral, Srijana, Yanshu Li und Bin Mei. „Financial Effects of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on Nonindustrial Private Forest Landowners: A Comparative Study for 10 Southern States of the United States“. Journal of Forestry 118, Nr. 6 (11.08.2020): 584–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvaa032.

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Abstract Changes in tax codes applicable to timberland investments can affect tax treatment of timber revenues and expenses. The 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) is regarded as the most expansive overhaul of tax codes in the United States since 1986; however, our understanding of its effects on timberland investments for family forest owners has yet to be explored. Using the discounted cash-flow method, we estimated and compared effects of TCJA on land expectation value (LEV) and net tax from managing timberland for two classifications of median-income family forest owners in 10 southern states. Results showed a decrease in LEV and net tax for both material participants and investors, with a greater effect on landowners managing timberland as investments. Thus, owning timberland can become less beneficial under the current law for median-income family forest landowners. Study Implications: Family forests occupy a large portion of the total forest area in the United States and provide various goods and services to society. Taxes and tax policies are regarded as important issues for these landowners because policies could ultimately influence timberland investment, ownership structure, and management activities. After the 2017 tax reform, landowners became concerned about the effect of the new act on profitability and financial return from timberland investment. Here, we attempt to provide a better understanding of tax effects by estimating change in net benefit of owning and managing timberland under the current law compared with the previous law in 10 southern states. For policymakers, this study can provide insight into the importance of considering unique characteristics of timberland investment during the tax policy design and evaluation process. For landowners, this study can facilitate the timberland investment decisionmaking process and serve as a guide to the effects of the new tax rules on returns.

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Zimmermann, Willi. „Waldpolitischer Jahresrückblick 2011“. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 163, Nr. 5 (01.05.2012): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2012.0145.

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Annual review of Swiss forest policy 2011 The revision of the Forest Act, the adoption of the Forest Programme 2020 by the Federal Council as well as the preparation of the second contribution period of the New System of Financial Equalisation and Division of Tasks between the Confederation and the Cantons (NFE) shaped, in addition to the routine business, the forest policy of 2011. The parliamentary initiatives on forest and forest policy issues remained of about the same amount as in previous years, while the Federal Court decisions on forest legislation have declined significantly. In various forest-related sectoral policies, the government and parliament made important decisions. In climate policy, the Parliament adopted the CO2 Law. However, this has not yet happened to the revision of the Spatial Planning Act. In nature and landscape policy, the administration has prepared the Swiss biodiversity strategy so far that the Federal Council could send it out for consultation. The revision of the Hunting Regulation, with changes in the management of large carnivores, is nearing adoption. At the international level, the Federal Council has submitted the European Landscape Convention to the Parliament for ratification, and the European forestry ministers have agreed to the preparation of a European Forest Convention.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Forest policies and act"

Aktar, Nargis. „Sustainable forest governance in Bangladesh: Examining the role of the Forest Act“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/228684/1/Nargis_Aktar_Thesis.pdf.

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The study examines the role of the Forest Act 1927 in promoting sustainable forest governance in Bangladesh. By applying a doctrinal method, this thesis has evaluated the contribution of the Act for protection, restoration, sustainable use, and sustainable management of forests in Bangladesh. These are the standards set by Goal 15 of the SDGs, which create governance priorities for the states to sustainably manage their forests. Though the Forest Act 1927 has several provisions regulating the protection, restoration, sustainable use, and sustainable management of forests, this study argues that its deficiencies can impact sustainable forest governance in Bangladesh.

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Gaur, Kamla. „The Indian Forest Rights Act (2006) and rights of forest-dwellers of Koraput, Odisha“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51957/.

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This thesis is an intersectional study of forest rights of forest-dwellers in the tribal territory of Koraput, India. The thesis is developed around a piece of path-breaking legislation, the Forest Rights Act (FRA) of India 2006, under which land titles and resource use rights are being granted to many forest-dwelling households and communities. This work exclusively deals with the individual title holders of forest land under the FRA. It explores three important questions: 1) what is the history of forest-rights delineation in Koraput?, 2) how are the rights of forest-dwelling people being settled under FRA? and, 3) what are the complexities of land use in these tribal forestlands?} The thesis has used a mixed-methods approach to build and connect its three focus areas. Historical aspects of local forest rights have been explored through the lens of colonial and post-colonial forest policy analysis. The investigation of the various aspects of FRA implementation and ground realities combines cross-disciplinary approaches from political and gendered micro geography. The analysis of emerging land use on forest lands allotted under FRA is influenced by the Sen’s theory of entitlements, endowments and capabilities {Sen, 2001}. A multi-approach assessment methodology has been used by analysing a wide range of data streams including historical documents, household surveys, interviews, participatory maps, observations, group discussions and secondary data sets. Key findings that have emerged from this thesis are, 1) the consequences of the implementation of colonial and post-colonial forest policy measures on Koraput's forest-dwellers are substantial and unique geography of Koraput has produced new insights to the existing knowledge of history of forest rights in India, 2) FRA is a promising piece of legislation that has achieved significant political and bureaucratic collaboration in Koraput, but it is marred by major operational inefficiencies, and 3) the newly created FRA-lands will provide opportunities for policy makers and title owners to reconsider many existing norms including legal versus illegal occupation of forest land, forest-farming practices on FRA lands, and a need for renewed forest and land management goals for FRA territories in tribal India.

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Axelsson, Robert. „Forest policy, continuous tree cover forest and uneven-aged forest management in Sweden's boreal forest /“. Uppsala : Institutionen för skogens produkter, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/10947312.pdf.

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Al, Berni Rim Rateb. „An investigation into sustainable forest policies and practices in Syria“. Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/289.

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Appreciation of how forest land can be managed in a sustainable way in arid and semi-arid zones (ASAZs) of centralized countries is limited. Accordingly, this thesis seeks to analyse the role of government and communities, including women, in the formulation and implementation of sustainable forest management (SFM) policy and practices in the semi-arid environment of Syria where such land is limited in extent (e.g. 3% forest and 57% rangeland) and yet where its high biodiversity value is of international significance. The thesis employs a variety of methods: a case study approach (Syria); a questionnaire (i.e. 142 respondents); face-to-face interviews (i.e. 26 interviewees); participant observation and secondary data. The SFM model was used to organise and analyse the influences of environmental, economic, social, cultural and political issues on the state of forest land in Syria. Three contrasting forest areas were selected for detailed analysis at local level: Al Foronloq had the Arab Institute of Forestry close by and the area had a high biodiversity value for landscape; Abo Kbeis contained key genetic resources and a number of women there had been trained in forest management and Abd Aziz Mountain was characterised by rangeland with traditional grazing plus a very arid environment. The main results obtained from census data confirmed that Syrian forest lands have diminished considerably since 1900 with regard to their geographical extent due to agricultural development, expansion of rural-urban settlements as well as of agricultural land onto Syrian forest land. On a more general level, the political issues in Syria (i.e. centralization and independency of the country) demand development of the internal resources of the country, such as agricultural production, in order to cover the needs of human maintenance. Scrutinising forest documentation and using results of face-to-face interviews, it was found that there were considerable changes in forest policies in terms of forest protection and plantation. In addition, there was a recent indication of adopting SFM principles in the case study area, largely as a result of action by agencies external to Syria at the national level, and the new role of NGOs in forest management at the local level. The increasing level of awareness of environmental problems; the capacity of institutions; community participation in natural resources management and achieving international agreements were also found to be paramount in any contracts between the Syrian government and other organisations. This thesis, at the local level, showed that respondents in the mountains (in the Abd Aziz Mountain (AAM) study area) seemed to be older, poorer, mostly with non-educated background, with more than three children, than in the Al Foronloq (AF) and Abo Kbeis (AK) study areas. Respondent groups in AAM were found to be more dependent upon forest resources than respondents in AF and AK; and they occupied land illegally because of their mission to develop agricultural activities, including grazing. The study confirmed that educated households in AF and AK use forest resources more than non-educated households. Conversely, non-educated households in AAM suffer from gaining a local income which may in turn affect their attitudes and behaviours in using forest resources; and as consequence, householders suffering from financial problems may be less aware of the importance of forest protection and try to solve their individual needs by increasing the pressures on the forest resources. The major constraints affecting the formulation and implementation of SFM policy are insufficient financial resources, inadequate management from national to regional and local levels; the limitations are also related to local communities’ attitudes and ignorance of the role of women in forest management. This thesis found that the contribution of women in the labour force at the local level was high in Lattakia (Al Foronloq study area) compared with other study areas (e.g. 32.9% in Lattakia against 13.4% in Hamah and 18.8% in Alhasake) (UNDP: Syrian Human development, 2005); although, there was a significant relationship between income level, family size and women’s contribution in forest management at the local level and no significant relationship with the educational level. On a more specific level, the role of religious faith in AK affects the contribution of women in the society and the workplace generally and in forest management in particular. Finally, the application of the SFM model in this study provided a flexible approach for analysis of complicated interactions between the government and communities. It also provided a comprehensive framework for different types of analytical purposes. Each of the three main components (issues, state and political decisionmakers) was divided into several sub-components which facilitate the explanation and identification of the complexities affecting the formulation of SFM policy and the implementation of such policy. It helped to provide a set of policy recommendations which may help to increase future community participation in forest management and reduce the influences of community pressures on forest resources in Syria.

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Malkinson, Leah. „A preliminary evaluation of the results-based Forest and Range Practices Act : fostering innovation in forest practices?“ Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36432.

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In 2004 the British Columbia (BC) government introduced the Forest and Range Practices Act (FRPA) and described it as a ‘results-based’ approach to forest management. This research sought to evaluate the potential effectiveness of the FRPA regime in achieving one of its stated goals - ‘to foster the development of innovative forest practices and provide professional freedom to manage in the delivery of defined results’ (BC, 2004). Research methods included a review of the first 65 Forest Stewardship Plans (FSP’s) approved under FRPA to identify the potential for innovation indicated by practice commitments for three key environmental values – soils, biodiversity and riparian areas. A web survey and phone interviews with the prescribing foresters who developed these plans helped to build an understanding of the factors influencing their willingness to innovate under FRPA with respect to practices designed to manage for these three values. This thesis describes how the FRPA framework is not purely performance-based, but is rather a complex mixture of regulatory approaches. It includes the application of a ‘default practice’ approach for most environmental values that licensees may choose to implement or to propose alternative practices for approval. Early FSP’s indicated limited potential for innovation with only 10% of forest practice commitments reflecting approaches that were alternative to the default practices. These alternative forest practices are often better characterized as providing increased flexibility in the application of a default practice, rather than being truly new and innovative. Key reasons for this response include a perception by prescribing foresters that the default forest practices are reasonably effective, leaving little incentive to identify alternatives, and the overriding importance of receiving approval for their first FSP’s within the requisite timelines. The development of alternative forest practices was perceived as potentially time consuming and costly, and could put at risk the certainty of government approval for their FSP, and reasons for this perception are discussed. Further research to evaluate the actual degree of innovation reflected in practices on the ground, as well as the suggested likelihood of increasing innovation in practices over time is recommended.

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Vaidya, Anand Prabhakar. „The Origin of the Forest, Private Property, and the State: The Political Life of India's Forest Rights Act“. Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11654.

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This dissertation tracks the creation and implementation of India's 2006 Forest Rights Act or FRA, a landmark law that for the first time grants land rights to the millions who live without them in the country's forests. I follow the law in relation to the forest rights movement that has been central in lobbying for, drafting, and implementing it in order to examine both how the movement has shaped the law's meaning as well as how contests and alliances over the law's text and meaning have transformed the many movements citing and using the law. Drawing on ethnographic and archival research, I track the law from contests over its drafting in New Delhi to contests over its meaning in Ramnagar, a North Indian village. Ramnagar was settled by landless forest dwellers organized by forest rights activists, and its continued but still precarious existence is premised on a claim to land through the Act. I show that the meaning of the FRA was contested at every stage through collective action oriented around what Bakhtin (1982) terms `chronotopes,' the joint depiction of time, place, and characters in language. By diagnosing contemporary injustice through a depiction of the past and pointing to a just future to be brought about through the action of a collective, political movements and identifications form around and act through chronotopes. The movements enacting the Forest Rights Act have critically seized upon what one bureaucrat involved in its drafting called its `word traps,' words or phrases in the text with apparently uncontroversial literal meanings that in fact allow the law to be read through the political chronotopes of political parties or movements. By attending to the relationship between the legal text, its chronotopic deployment, and collective action, my project provides new ways to understand laws in political practice and language in political practice.
Anthropology

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Ali, Mohammed. „Evaluation of environmental sustainability of forest land use policies of Bangladesh“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394570.

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This study focuses on the influences of past forest policies in Bangladesh on environmental sustainability in forest land use and in human attitudes towards forest. The study concludes that colonial policy was inimical to sustainability in forest resource use. The colonial legacy and its prolonged persistence in the post-colonial period left a lasting imprint on the peoples' attitude to forest resources. People came to see themselves as resource users and considered that as government owns the forest, creating forest is the government's responsibility. Afterwards, with increasing population such as imprint has turned out to be a severe threat to the sustainability of forest. The study investigated forest land use policies in Bangladesh from their origin in the British colonial period to the present, aiming to inquire into the development of peoples' attitude to forest land use. Evidence suggests that prior to the colonial era, there were forestry concerns in the administration of ancient Bengal. However, there were no recognisable forest policies in conflict with peoples' culture and tradition. Traditional hill people used to practise both lowland cultivation and semi-permanent upland cultivation for subsistence. From the British era to the present, people have remained alienated from the forest. The long alienation of people from the forest has caused loss of the peoples' trust in the Forest Department. Forestry in Bangladesh still displays colonial influences. As a result, although an international movement is pushing environmental perspectives of forest land use, Bangladesh is facing difficult challenges in changing the attitude of people and of administration which originated from the discourse of colonial policy. However, efforts through the NGOs have seen partial success in participatory forestry. However, for the long-term perspective the policy needs to be reviewed and improved, encompassing the traditional forest areas, serving the interest of the target groups, improving institutional standards, updating the law and order situation and encouraging a changed discourse among the people.

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Sigamany, Indrani. „Mobile indigenous people's use of the 2006 Forest Rights Act in India : access to justice, gender equality, and forest governance“. Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17028/.

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Access to justice remains uneven and elusive for indigenous peoples dispossessed of their lands. The Forest Rights Act of India (2006) promises land security for forest peoples displaced from ancestral lands by the combined forces of colonial forest resource extraction and contemporary free-market economic development, which have disregarded customary indigenous land rights. This research challenges the assumptions: land rights legislation necessarily contributes to access to justice, and governments serve the interests of citizens in a democratic system such as India. I posit that justice is subverted by: a legal chronology of land expropriation during colonial occupation; contemporary neoliberal policies; and administrative injustice. These issues encouraged legal violations and exacerbated land dispossession. Socio-economic and gender inequalities and marginalization of mobile indigenous peoples compounds their land dispossession, and economic, social, legal disenfranchisement. Against this backdrop of disenfranchisement, the Forest Rights Act revolutionizes the potential of challenging land dispossession, and substantive rights become a metaphor for indigenous empowerment. Offering evidence that indigenous peoples have inadequate access to justice, I contend that economic policies need to collaborate with and reinforce political and judicial aspects. Triangulating scholarships on 1) access to justice, 2) economic policies, 3) forest governmentality, 4) gender discrimination and 5) legal literacy, this study seeks to reconcile these scholarships with empirical data on expropriation of forest land and the effects of the Forest Rights Act on indigenous access to justice in India. This research seeks to establish a new analytical framework which contextualizes control of indigenous forest rights through access to justice.

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Karmona, Jennifer. „Unduly constrained : implementing conservation areas under British Columbia's forest and range practices act“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31406.

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British Columbia's Forest and Range Practices Act seeks to balance environmental, economic and social interests within Crown forests. In pursuit of this goal, government is able to create conservation areas to protect species at risk habitat, ungulate winter ranges, and old growth forests. There has been concern from both government and non-governmental organizations that the implementation of conservation areas has been slow, and that these areas are inadequate to protect the biodiversity values for which they are designed. This thesis measured the progress of conservation area establishment in the Chilliwack and Squamish forest districts, identified and explained problems occurring during the implementation process, and assessed the extent to which conservation areas for species at risk, ungulates and old forests were protecting these values. The research found that the most significant barriers to achieving government's conservation goals were due to economic restrictions built into the regulations themselves. Specifically, limitations on the extent to which conservation areas can impact the timber supply render them inadequate for the protection of most species at risk examined (marbled murrelet, coastal giant salamander, coastal tailed frog, pacific water shrew and grizzly bears); ungulate winter ranges for deer and mountain goat in Chilliwack; and old growth forest ecosystems. The actual establishment process has been challenged by the unwillingness of senior government officials to support reserve implementation when there is substantial resistance from forest licensees, and by unclear direction about the extent and location of conservation areas permitted across the landscape. The establishment of legally approved conservation areas has been slow due to inadequate government resources, an uncoordinated implementation process, and conflict over particular conservation areas. The only approved conservation areas for species at risk are for grizzly bears, and these have taken up to seven years to establish. Ungulate winter ranges have been approved in Squamish, after taking five to seven years of planning and negotiation; they are still in draft form in Chilliwack, with industry and government in disagreement over their specific boundaries. Lastly, only 60% of landscape units have legally approved conservation areas for old growth, despite this being part of government policy since 1995.
Science, Faculty of
Resources, Environment and Sustainability (IRES), Institute for
Graduate

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Taylor, Caysie Alisha. „Risk Management in United States Forest Service: National Environmental Policy Act Planning Processes“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33376.

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The United States Forest Service planning processes, which are driven in large part by the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), are a part of all major (and some minor) land management decisions by the agency. The outcomes of these processes are the result of multiple factors, many related to the manifold smaller incremental decisions made by agency personnel directing the processes. Through qualitative review of 21 NEPA documents and 5 case study processes in which we interviewed decision makers, team leaders, and team members, this study examines those incremental decisions and the factors that drive them. Risk emerged as a dominant lens through which agency personnel weigh and make process-related decisions. We identify the different types of risk perceived by agency actors and the risk management strategies they employ. Our interviews suggest that different actors within the agency tend to assume responsibility for responding to different forms of risk associated with particular tasks. Most time and energy appears to be focused on minimizing process-related risks, especially those caused by external entities in the form of public opposition and threats of appeal/litigation, rather than resource-related threats. We discuss the potential implications of this focus and its associated strategies on organizational and social learning within agency planning processes, on adaptive ecosystem management, and internal agency relationships and morale.
Master of Science

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Bücher zum Thema "Forest policies and act"

(India), Karnataka. KLJ Publications the Karnataka forest manual: Forest laws, acts and rules regarding wild life, forest code, forest accounts code and forest department manual, environment and pollution laws, mines and minerals laws, endangered species act and appendices, forest, environment, and mineral policies, guidelines and clarifications relating to forest conservation, amendments, comments and case laws notifications and recruitment rules. Herausgegeben von Puliani Sathpal editor. Bangalore: Karnataka Law Journal Publications, 2013.

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Gill, Shepherd, Hrsg. Forest policies, forest politics. London: Overseas Development Institute, 1992.

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Society of American Foresters. SAF forest policies & positions. Bethesda, Md: Society of American Foresters, 1988.

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Manitoba. Sustainable Development Coordination Unit., Hrsg. Applying Manitoba's forest policies. [Winnipeg, Man.]: Sustainable Development, 1993.

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Forever, Forests, Hrsg. Directory of national forest policies. London: Forests Forever, 1996.

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Forestry policies in Europe. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1988.

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Reboredo, Fernando, Hrsg. Forest Context and Policies in Portugal. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08455-8.

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Gray, John A. Forest revenue mechanisms and pricing policies. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont: Forest Values, 1992.

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Jha, Lalit Kumar. India's forest policies: Analysis and appraisal. New Delhi: Ashish Pub. House, 1994.

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Boehm, Diane A. Forestry: Research, ecology, and policies. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science, 2011.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Forest policies and act"

Beasley, Lamar. „Resources Planning Act-The Forest Service Planning Umbrella“. In Land Use Planning Techniques and Policies, 89–95. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, and American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub12.c6.

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Gültekin, Yaşar Selman, und Pınar Gültekin. „Forest Fire Risk Management at the Country Scale: The Case of Turkey“. In Fire Hazards: Socio-economic and Regional Issues, 43–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50446-4_4.

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AbstractForest fires cause hazards and damage to both ecosystems and humans increasing attention in the globalizing world. Forest fire risk analysis and management issues cover the prevention of forest fires, response to forest fires and what to do after the forest fires. This chapter is focused on the evaluation of forest fire risk management from socio-economic, landscape planning and risk management perspectives at the country scale. In this context, national policies, strategies, documents and practices are scrutinized in terms of forest fire mitigation acts in Turkey. As a result of the examination policy makers and decision-makers should increase pay attention to their primary stakeholders for better engagement in forest fires. There is an urgent need to obtain an annual forest fire risk assessment report from public institutions. Participatory approaches need to be applied through good governance to mitigate forest fires and decrease forest fire risks in Turkey.

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Pansak, Wanwisa, Natta Takrattanasaran, Nuntapon Nongharnpitak und Nuttapon Khongdee. „Soil-Related Laws in Thailand“. In International Yearbook of Soil Law and Policy 2022, 243–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40609-6_10.

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AbstractRapid economic development and urbanization are changing land management systems in many countries, including Thailand, and climate change has emerged as a significant source of risks. These changes are having major impacts on the status of soil resources in Thailand. Therefore, the soils are under increasing pressure of intensification leading to soil degradation including erosion, contamination, the decline in nutrients, compaction, salinization, acidification, and biodiversity loss of soils. Therefore, sustainable soil management is important for maintaining the capacity of soil to function according to its potential and management strategies, which is essential for the maintenance of human well-being and the conservation of biodiversity. In addition, any assessment of soil threats, measures against soil threats, and their effects on soil functions and ecosystem services should consider local conditions, national and global strategies e.g. biophysical characteristics, economic society, policies, and laws. In Thailand, soil and land protection are regulated by legislation and land use planning document such as the Forest Act and the National Forest Act, the Law on Environmental Protection, the Law on Land Protection, and the Law on Agricultural Land. Land use planning regulations represent the basis for supervision of the land use of all types and purposes and the management of natural resources, implementing guidelines for space preservation and protection, and measures of sustainable use of land resources. Furthermore, there is a pressing need to determine the status of sustainable soil management efforts and raise awareness of soil in Thailand.

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Chandra, Rajshree. „India’s Forest Rights Act“. In Human Rights in India, 230–52. New York : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in human rights law: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367178604-10.

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Kengen, Sebastião, Luiz Roberto Graça, Katrina Brown und Marcia Muchagata. „Forest Policies in Brazil“. In World Forests, Society and Environment, 256–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4746-0_27.

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Saravanan, Velayutham. „Land and Forest Policies“. In Political Economy of Development and Environment in Modern India, 131–51. London: Routledge India, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003344254-5.

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Masiero, Mauro, Oliver Cupit und Davide Pettenella. „Emerging policies and legality requirements“. In Forest Management Auditing, 13–30. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315745985-2.

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Uusivuori, Jussi, und Susanna Laaksonen-Craig. „Internationalization of Forest Industries“. In World Forests, Markets and Policies, 97–103. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0664-4_7.

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Friis, Guillermo, und Mary E. Killilea. „Mangrove Ecosystems of the United Arab Emirates“. In A Natural History of the Emirates, 217–40. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37397-8_7.

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AbstractGray mangroves (Avicennia marina) represent the only evergreen forests of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where they occur at the northern edge of the species’ range and are subject to extreme environmental conditions. Mangroves occur both throughout the western and eastern coasts of the seven Emirates, either in natural or restored populations. They act as ecosystem engineers, creating a habitat that is exploited by a wide variety of organisms, including species of conservation concern. As the only mangrove species of the Arabian Gulf, the gray mangroves represent a relevant asset for local communities. They provide numerous ecosystem services of cultural and socioeconomic importance, from their aesthetics and recreational uses in urban spaces to their role as carbon sinks or nursery habitats for species targeted for commercial fishing. Thanks to successful afforestation programs, the UAE mangroves are experiencing a steady recovery after severe cover losses resulting from the intense urban development that followed the 1970s oil boom, and nowadays they represent more than half of the total mangrove cover in the Arabian Gulf. However, national mangrove forests still face considerable threats derived from human activities. Active, long-term policies and management will be needed to ensure the survivorship of these critical ecosystems.

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Ametepeh, Emmanuel. „Globalization Pathway Policies and Institutional Framework“. In Forest Transition Deficiency Syndrome, 83–140. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25039-3_3.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Forest policies and act"

Novotná, Iveta. „Politicko – strategické rozhodovanie o Ozbrojených silách Slovenskej republiky“. In Národná a medzinárodná bezpečnosť. Akadémia ozbrojených síl generála Milana Rastislava Štefánika, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52651/nmb.c.2023.9788080406516.262-271.

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The Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic represent one of the decisive tools for ensuring the security of the Slovak Republic and defending its freedom, independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity. In this context, they fulfil a number of important tasks resulting from Act no. 321/2002 Coll. on the armed forces, from international treaties to which the Slovak Republic is bound, and from other special regulations. Following this, the author deals with the political-strategic decision-making about the Slovak Armed Forces in the context of the starting points arising from the main strategic documents and legislation in the field of security, as well as from the policies of institutions such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union.

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Ribeiro, Luiz Carlos Felix, und Joao Paulo Papa. „Unsupervised Dialogue Act Classification with Optimum-Path Forest“. In 2018 31st SIBGRAPI Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sibgrapi.2018.00010.

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SZYSZKO, JAN. „FOREST POLICIES, CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION“. In International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies 40th Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814289139_0003.

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Alshamsi, Asma S. „Predicting car insurance policies using random forest“. In 2014 10th International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology (IIT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/innovations.2014.6987575.

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SZYSZKO, JAN. „FOREST POLICIES, CARBON SEQUESTRATION AND BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION“. In International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies 42nd Session. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814327503_0006.

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Lozano, Oscar R., und Eirini Tzovla. „Inclusive Education of Children with Rare Diseases. The Credible Project“. In 80th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2022.67.

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Inclusive education is one of the pillars on which educational policies are based, both in the European Union and in global organizations such as UNESCO. As a result of these guidelines set by these institutions, much progress has been made in general, especially in certain types of disability, gender issues or migration issues, but many sectors of the population still feel “excluded” from the educational system, such as the case of children with rare diseases. Based on these premises, ten organizations from five different countries join forces under the umbrella of the Erasmus+ program in its key action K201, materializing these efforts in the CREDIBLE project (Children with rare diseases and their inclusion in basic learning environments). The objectives of the project coincide with those mentioned but, in addition, focusing on teacher training. Providing teachers with tools to carry out an effective educational inclusion of children with rare diseases is essential to achieve successful educational practices and raise awareness among the population. This project offers the creation of three intellectual outputs oriented to this purpose. The first of them is a platform for exchanging cases in which, teachers who have faced this challenge can share their experiences with other teachers who are beginning this path. The second is a self-training course for teachers (MOOC type) in which methodologies and tools are offered for this goal. The third is a pedagogical-health guide of the most prevalent rare diseases and grouped in such a way that the guide can be useful for other diseases with similar pathologies. The project, which began in 2019, and with the difficulties caused by the COVID 19 pandemic, will culminate in August 2022, with a final act in Glasgow in which the final results will be presented.

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Bhat, A. Mohmad Abass, und Pratima G. Wadhwani. „Tribal involvement in forest conservation post implementation of forest rights act, 2006 in Jammu and Kashmir“. In THE FOURTH SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES RESEARCH (EETR2022). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0163486.

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Plevnik, Kaja, und Anže Japelj. „The importance of forest owners’ understanding of European forest-related policies for their successful implementation“. In IUFRO 4.05.00 & 9.05.03 International Conference. University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20315/silvaslovenica.0022.38.

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Báliková, Klára, Michaela Korená Hillayová, Daniel Halaj, Alex Bumbera, Peter Kicko und Jaroslav Šálka. „Impacts of Nature and landscape protection Act on forest management in Slovakia“. In IUFRO 4.05.00 & 9.05.03 International Conference. University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20315/silvaslovenica.0022.15.

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Becher, Stefan, Armin Gerl und Bianca Meier. „Don‘t Forget the User: From User Preferences to Personal Privacy Policies“. In 2020 10th International Conference on Advanced Computer Information Technologies (ACIT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acit49673.2020.9208810.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Forest policies and act"

Timar, Levente. Modelling private land-use decisions affecting forest cover: the effect of land tenure and environmental policy. Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29310/wp.2022.12.

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I use geographic data and discrete choice modelling to investigate private land-use decisions in the context of prominent New Zealand land institutions and environmental policies. Land-use conversions involving gains and losses in planted forests and natural forests are modelled individually. Land under Māori freehold tenure is found to be less likely to be used for pastoral grazing and also less likely to undergo land-use conversion (both to and from a forested use). With respect to environmental policies, results suggest the incentives of the Emissions Trading Scheme did not significantly affect land-use decisions during the sample period of 2008-2016: the carbon reward had little effect on afforestation, and the deforestation liability was largely ineffective at deterring deforestation. On the other hand, the East Coast Forestry Project is found to have increased planted forest area in the district both by encouraging afforestation beyond baseline levels and by discouraging deforestation. Evidence for its effect on regenerating natural forest area is weaker in the data.

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Turner, Dylan. Federal programs for agricultural risk management. Washington, D.C.: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Dezember 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8321812.ers.

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This report provides a broad overview of the Federal programs that are designed to help agricultural producers manage risks to income or profitability caused by natural and economic forces. This report refers to these programs as "risk management programs." Focus is given to risk management programs that are available under the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (i.e., 2018 Farm Bill) with an emphasis on programs for crop and livestock producers that are available under Title I: Commodity Programs or Title XI: Crop Insurance. Available policies for managing production and price risk are discussed with recent trends in program enrollment and outlays provided..--

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DoD Office of Inspector General. DoD Freedom of Information Act Policies Need Improvement. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1014323.

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Nascimento, José Rente. Forest Vocation Lands and Forest Policy: When Simpler is Better. Inter-American Development Bank, Dezember 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008948.

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This paper addresses forest policies concerned with the adequate provision of forest related externalities. Despite the use of the forest vocation land (FVL) in the legislation of many Latin American countries, the discussion in the scientific literature about forest policies based on it is modest. This paper seeks to contribute to this debate. The paper presents facts, defines concepts, examines analytical frameworks, and investigates policy alternatives related to these externalities in private lands. The paper concludes that FVL is a useful model for the design of forest policies that seek to assure the provision of forest related externalities. Such policies are: especially adequate for developing countries because they are relatively easy to understand; are less intrusive in the forest business decision making processes and, thereby, allow for greater freedom of action; are less costly to monitor, enforce, and comply with; reduce corruptive activities and illegality associated with forests; and do not require adjustments as technologies and market conditions change.

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De Camino, Ronnie. Sustainable Forest Management in Latin America: Relevant Actors and Policies. Inter-American Development Bank, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011155.

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This paper analyzes the role of particular social and economic actors in the forest sector, and the impact of existing policies in the region. The aim is to visualize the options that are available to improve forest policies and practices that will in turn generate income and ensure sustainability with the active participation of the actors. Information presented in the document, as well as the conclusions on possible strategic lines of action with the participation of affected actors provide a good basis for discussion and will contribute to the improvement of the quality of the Bank's investment projects in this area.

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Jackson, K. C., und C. W. McKetta. Impacts of the Jones Act on the Alaska forest products trade. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-196.

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Newman, David H., und David N. Wear. Research Directions in the Study of Timber Markets and Forest Policies. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/se-gtr-062.

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O., Ndoye, und Kaimowitz D. Impact of macroeconomic and agricultural policies on forest condition in Cameroon, 1967-1997. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/001061.

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F.B., Kalame, Idinoba M., Brockhaus M. und Nkem J. Forest policies and forest resources flow in Burkina Faso, Ghana and Mali: conflicting or consistent for adaptation to climate change? Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/002544.

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