Thematische Bibliographien / Forest and tea soils

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Forest and tea soils“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 18. Mai 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Forest and tea soils"

Liang, Anjie, Xinyi Wen, Wenjing Yu, Shunde Su, Yongming Lin, Hailan Fan, Jun Su und Chengzhen Wu. „Impacts of Different Reforestation Methods on Fungal Community and Nutrient Content in an Ex-Tea Plantation“. Forests 14, Nr. 2 (20.02.2023): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020432.

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Long-term monocultures of tea and the excessive use of chemical fertilizer lead to the degradation of soil quality. Improving the soil quality of ex-tea plantations through vegetation restoration is an important task. However, the changes in soil nutrients, fungal communities, and the effects of microorganisms on soil nutrients after reforestation remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the effects of Pinus and Chinese fir on soil nutrients and fungal communities in ex-tea plantation areas that were subjected to the reforestation modes of pure forest and mixed forest by measuring soil chemical properties and ITS rRNA gene sequences. The results showed that (1) after reforestation, the relative normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the Mixed forest, Mixed Pine and Mixed Fir areas increased (p < 0.05) compared to that of pure forest; (2) the soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and N:P ratios of the mixed forest increased by an average of 54%, 90%, and 299% (p < 0.05) compared to pure forest, whereas the total phosphorus (TP) and available potassium (AK) decreased by an average of 39% and 89% (p < 0.05); and (3) there was no significant difference in the diversity of the fungal communities of the pure and mixed forests, but the fungal phyla Mucoromycota, Glomeromycota, and Rozellomycota were significantly different in the pure and mixed forests. This differing microbial composition led to a significant increase (p < 0.05) in symbiotrophs (ecotomycorhizal, ericoid mycorhizal) in the mixed forest, which was negatively correlated with the soil TP and positively correlated with the TN and the N:P ratio. In addition, there was also a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in complex nutrient types (ectomycorrhizal-fungal parasite-plant saprotroph-wood saprotroph), which were negatively correlated with the SOC and TN, and arbuscular mycorrhizas, which were positively correlated with the TP. Our results show that the chemical properties of soils and the structure of the fungal communities changed significantly due to the reforestation of Chinese fir and Pinus, and the mixed forest mode of reforestation was more conducive to improving the soil quality; therefore, a mixed forest of Chinese fir and Pinus can be used to improve degraded soils in ex-tea planting areas.

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Jagadesh, Muthumani, Duraisamy Selvi, Subramanium Thiyageshwari, Thangavel Kalaiselvi, Keisar Lourdusamy und Ramalingam Kumaraperumal. „Unravelling the carbon pools and carbon stocks under different land uses of Conoor region in Western Ghats of India“. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 14, Nr. 3 (16.09.2022): 762–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v14i3.3596.

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Land uses are pivotal in global carbon cycles. The native forest lands possess a greater potential to sequester higher carbon, which can directly address soil quality and climate change problems. Unfortunately, the rapid conversion of forests to other land use over the past few decades has significantly declined the concentration of carbon in the soils. Therefore, in order to estimate the impact of land-use change (LUC) on soil carbon status, this present study was attempted under major ecosystems (Forest (FOR), cropland (CRP), tea plantation (TEA)) of Conoor. Results from findings revealed that total organic carbon (TOC) concentration and carbon pools were significantly (p<0.05) higher in FOR than in CRP and TEA. TOC (0-45 cm) recorded in FOR, CRP and TEA was 32.88, 11.87 and 18.84 g kg-1 and it decreased along the depth increment. Carbon stock (t ha-1) in FOR, CRP and TEA (0-45cm) was 68.10, 26.04, 42.42. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was higher in FOR (283.08 mg kg-1) followed by TEA (94.64 mg kg-1) and CRP (76.22 mg kg-1). The microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) followed; FOR > TEA > CRP. These results clearly indicate that the LUC has inflicted a greater impact on soil carbon status and its extent was quantified using the land degradation index (LDI). The LDI (0-45 cm) recorded in CRP (-38.65) and TEA (-61.75) signals the need for immediate implementation of carbon management strategies in the CRP and TEA ecosystem to keep the soils of Conoor alive and prevent land degradation.

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Djalovic, Ivica, Djordje Jockovic, Goran Dugalic, Goran Bekavac, Bozana Purar, Srdjan Seremesic und Milan Jockovic. „Soil acidity and mobile aluminum status in pseudogley soils in Cacak-Kraljevo basin“. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, Nr. 6 (2012): 833–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc110629201d.

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Soil acidity and aluminum toxicity are considered most damaging soil conditions affecting the growth of most crops. This paper reviews the results of tests of pH, exchangeable acidity and mobile aluminum (Al) concentration in profiles of pseudogley soils from Cacak-Kraljevo basin. For that purpose, 102 soil pits were dug in 2009 in several sites around Cacak- Kraljevo basin. The tests encompassed 54 field, 28 meadow, and 20 forest soil samples. Samples of soil in the disturbed state were taken from the Ah and Eg horizons (102 samples), from the B1tg horizon in 39 field, 24 meadow and 15 forest pits (a total of 78 samples) and from the B2tg horizon in 14 field, 11 meadow, and 4 forest pits (a total of 29 samples). Mean pH values (1M KCl) of the tested soil profiles were 4.28, 3.90 and 3.80 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. Soil pH of forest samples was lower than those in meadow and arable land samples (mean values of 4.06, 3.97 and 3.85 for arable land, meadow and forest samples, respectively). Soil acidification was especially intensive in deep horizons, as 27% (Ah), 77% (Eg) and 87% (B1tg) soil samples had the pH value below 4.0. Mean values of total exchangeable acidity (TEA) were 1.55, 2.33 and 3.40 meq 100 g-1 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. The TEA values in forest soils were considerably higher (3.39 meq 100 g-1) than those in arable soils and meadow soils (1.96 and 1.93, respectively). Mean mobile Al contents of tested soil samples were 11.02, 19.58 and 28.33 mg Al 100 g-1 for the Ah, Eg and B1tg horizons, respectively. According to the pH and TEA values, mobile Al was considerably higher in the forest soils (the mean value of 26.08 mg Al 100 g-1) than in the arable soils and meadow soils (the mean values of 16.85 and 16.00 mg Al 100 g-1, respectively). The Eg and B1tg horizons of the forest soil had especially high mobile Al contents (the mean values of 28.50 and 32.95 mg Al 100 g-1, respectively). High levels of mobile Al were especially frequent in the forest soils, with 35% (Ah), 85.0% (Eg) and 93.3% (B1tg) of the tested samples ranging above 10 mg Al 100 g-1.

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Gholoubi, Azadeh, Hojat Emami und Amin Alizadeh. „Soil quality change 50 years after forestland conversion to tea farming“. Soil Research 56, Nr. 5 (2018): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr18007.

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Land-use change has been shown to affect soil quality and may lead to soil degradation. The effects of land-use change from natural forest to tea farming on soil properties and quality were studied within Guilan Province of northern Iran. Thirty-six soil samples (0–30 cm) were randomly collected from six sites with three replications at each site. The soil quality of forest and tea farms was determined using the cumulative rating (CR) index and the Cornell Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Health (CASH) scoring function. Effects of land-use change on soil quality or health were significant (P < 0.01) using both methods. Both methods for all regions (forest and tea fields) showed that forest land-use was more sustainable based on lower CR (lower limitation to crop production) and higher CASH scores (higher soil productivity and quality) than tea farm soils. Both methods were also negatively correlated with each other. Despite pH being a limiting factor for soil quality, it was not influenced by land-use change in most locations because the studied soils were acidic. However, organic carbon was the most important soil quality indicator, which was significantly correlated with soil physical, chemical and biological (respiration rate) properties. Therefore, land-use management practices that are continuously cultivated should include increases in organic carbon.

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Majaliwa, J. G. M., R. Twongyirwe, R. Nyenje, M. Oluka, B. Ongom, J. Sirike, D. Mfitumukiza et al. „The Effect of Land Cover Change on Soil Properties around Kibale National Park in South Western Uganda“. Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/185689.

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The change from natural forest cover to tea and Eucalyptus is rampant in protected areas of western Uganda. The objectives were; to examine the trend in land-use /cover change and determine the effect of these changes on the physico-chemical properties of soils around Kibale National Park. The trend in land use/cover change was assessed by analyzing a series of landsat images. Focused group discussions and key informant interviews were used for land-use/cover reconstruction. Three major land uses were included; woodlot (Eucalyptus grandis; 5 years old) ), tea (57 years old) and natural forest used as a control. Each of these land-uses were selected at two different North facing landscape positions and were replicated three times. A total of 36 composite soil samples were taken at 0–15 and 15–30 cm depth from natural forest, Tea plantation and eucalyptus on three ridges. Results showed that small scale farming, tea and eucalyptus plantation and built up area have increased over time, to the expense of woodlot and forest cover. Tea and Eucalyptus have induced changes in: exchangeable Mg and Ca, available P, SOM, pH, and bulk density of sub soil (P<.05). Landscape positions within land use also significantly influenced most soil properties (P<.05). Similar findings were observed by Wang et al. (2006) in commercial tea plantations in China that received nitrogen fertilizers.

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Wen, Yubo, Yuanyuan Wang, Chunjun Tao, Wenbing Ji, Shunsheng Huang, Mo Zhou und Xianqiang Meng. „Bioavailability of Cd in Agricultural Soils Evaluated by DGT Measurements and the DIFS Model in Relation to Uptake by Rice and Tea Plants“. Agronomy 13, Nr. 9 (13.09.2023): 2378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092378.

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The elevated accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and tea (Camellia sinensis L.) grown in agricultural soils may lead to a variety of adverse health effects. This study collected and analyzed crop samples along with paired rhizosphere soil samples from 61 sites in Cd-contaminated regions in Anhui Province, China. The findings revealed that both the diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) and soil solution were capable of effectively predicting Cd contents in crops. Conventional chemical extraction methods were inappropriate to evaluate the bioavailability of Cd. However, the effective concentrations (CE) corrected by the DGT-induced fluxes in soils (DIFS) model exhibited the strongest correlation with crop Cd contents. Except for CE, various measurement methods yielded better results for predicting Cd bioavailability in tea compared to rice. Pearson’s correlation analysis and the random forest (RF) model identified the key influencing factors controlling Cd uptake by rice and tea, including pH, soil texture, and contents of zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) in soils, which antagonize Cd. To reduce the potential health risk from rice and tea, the application of soil liming and/or Se-oxidizing bacteria was expected to be an effective management strategy.

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Hendri, Jon, Basuki Sumawinata und Dwi Putro Tejo Baskoro. „CO2 Flux from Tropical Land Uses on Andisol in West Java, Indonesia“. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 19, Nr. 3 (31.08.2015): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2014.v19i3.121-130.

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This study measured CO2 flux by segregating effect of root respiration and organic matter decomposition by microbes. The study involved a mineral soil containing high organic matter (Andisols), in the tropic devoted to different land uses i.e. natural forest, tea plantation, and horticultural farm CO2 emission from those land uses were compared to from peatland. Observed CO2 fluxes came out in the following order: bare plot 7.32, tea plantation 10.22, horticultural farm 15.60, and natural forest 15.62 Mg C-CO2 ha-1 yr-1. While, root respiration accounted for substantial proportions: tea plantation 28%, horticultural farm 53%, and natural forest 53%. Soil temperature demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the CO2 flux, except in the natural forest. On the other hand, water-filled pore spaces displayed varying correlation with site CO2 flux: a negative relationship in both bare plot and tea plantation, appreciably positive in the horticultural farm, and weakly related in the natural forest. Soil respiration and C-organic content appeared to be strongly correlated; the rate of soil respiration increased with higher C-organic content. In field, CO2 flux from organic matter decomposition in Andisols, Latosols, and peatland ranged from 5.35-13.22 Mg C-CO2 ha-1 yr-1, with root respiration contributing most of the flux, which was, in turn, influenced by type vegetation, humidity and soil temperature.Keywords: CO2 flux; decomposition; horticultural farm; natural forest; organic matter; tea plantation [How to Cite: Jon H, Suwardi, B Sumawinata and DPT Baskoro. 2014. CO2 Flux from Tropical Land Uses on Andisol in West Java, Indonesia. J Trop Soils 19: 121-130. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.3.121]

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Yao, Huaiying, Yangmei Gao, Graeme W. Nicol, Colin D. Campbell, James I. Prosser, Limei Zhang, Wenyan Han und Brajesh K. Singh. „Links between Ammonia Oxidizer Community Structure, Abundance, and Nitrification Potential in Acidic Soils“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, Nr. 13 (13.05.2011): 4618–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00136-11.

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ABSTRACTAmmonia oxidation is the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification and is performed by both ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB). However, the environmental drivers controlling the abundance, composition, and activity of AOA and AOB communities are not well characterized, and the relative importance of these two groups in soil nitrification is still debated. Chinese tea orchard soils provide an excellent system for investigating the long-term effects of low pH and nitrogen fertilization strategies. AOA and AOB abundance and community composition were therefore investigated in tea soils and adjacent pine forest soils, using quantitative PCR (qPCR), terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and sequence analysis of respective ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes. There was strong evidence that soil pH was an important factor controlling AOB but not AOA abundance, and the ratio of AOA to AOBamoAgene abundance increased with decreasing soil pH in the tea orchard soils. In contrast, T-RFLP analysis suggested that soil pH was a key explanatory variable for both AOA and AOB community structure, but a significant relationship between community abundance and nitrification potential was observed only for AOA. High potential nitrification rates indicated that nitrification was mainly driven by AOA in these acidic soils. Dominant AOAamoAsequences in the highly acidic tea soils were all placed within a specific clade, and one AOA genotype appears to be well adapted to growth in highly acidic soils. Specific AOA and AOB populations dominated in soils at particular pH values and N content, suggesting adaptation to specific niches.

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Peplau, Tino, Christopher Poeplau, Edward Gregorich und Julia Schroeder. „Deforestation for agriculture leads to soil warming and enhanced litter decomposition in subarctic soils“. Biogeosciences 20, Nr. 5 (17.03.2023): 1063–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1063-2023.

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Abstract. The climate-change-induced poleward shift of agriculture could lead to enforced deforestation of subarctic forest. Deforestation alters the microclimate and, thus, soil temperature, which is an important driver of decomposition. The consequences of land-use change on soil temperature and decomposition in temperature-limited ecosystems are not well understood. In this study, we buried tea bags together with soil temperature loggers at two depths (10 and 50 cm) in native subarctic forest soils and adjacent agricultural land in the Yukon Territory, Canada. A total of 37 plots was established on a wide range of different soils and resampled after 2 years to quantify the land-use effect on soil temperature and decomposition of fresh organic matter. Average soil temperature over the whole soil profile was 2.1 ± 1.0 and 2.0 ± 0.8 ∘C higher in cropland and grassland soils compared to forest soils. Cumulative degree days (the annual sum of daily mean temperatures > 0 ∘C) increased significantly by 773 ± 243 (cropland) and 670 ± 285 (grassland). Litter decomposition was enhanced by 2.0 ± 10.4 % and 7.5 ± 8.6 % in cropland topsoil and subsoil compared to forest soils, but no significant difference in decomposition was found between grassland and forest soils. Increased litter decomposition may be attributed not only to increased temperature but also to management effects, such as irrigation of croplands. The results suggest that deforestation-driven temperature changes exceed the soil temperature increase that has already been observed in Canada due to climate change. Deforestation thus amplifies the climate–carbon feedback by increasing soil warming and organic matter decomposition.

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Zheng, Xiangzhou, Yiqun Wu, Aiai Xu, Cheng Lin, Huangping Wang, Juhua Yu, Hong Ding und Yushu Zhang. „Response of Soil Microbial Communities and Functions to Long-Term Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Planting in a Subtropical Region“. Forests 14, Nr. 7 (22.06.2023): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14071288.

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Soil microbes are the key to revealing the mechanisms driving variation in soil biogeochemical processes. In recent decades, forests in Southeast China have been widely transformed into tea plantations due to the drivers of economic benefits. However, the changes in the soil microbial community and their potential function during the transition from a typical forest ecosystem to tea plantations remain poorly understood. This study investigated the soil microbial community in tea plantation soils with different planting ages, i.e., 6, 12, 23 and 35 years, and in an adjacent woodland control. We discovered that tea planting significantly increased soil bacterial richness (ACE and Chao1) and decreased fungal richness, the diversity of bacteria (Simpson and Shannon) show a trend of initially decreasing and then increasing while there was no significant effect on fungal diversity. After tea planting, the relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria increased by 180.9%–386.6% and 62.3%–97.5%, respectively; the relative abundances of Acidobacteria decreased by 11.4%–66.8%. However, the fungal phyla were not significantly different among different aged tea plantations and woodlands. FAPROTAX and FUNGuild revealed that the transition of natural woodland to tea plantations significantly increased the relative abundances of aerobic_chemoheterotrophy (14.66%–22.69%), chemoheterotrophy (34.36%–37.04%), ureolysis (0.68%–1.35%) and pathogenic fungi (26.17%–37.02%). db-RDA proved that the bacterial community structure was more strongly related to soil pH and available nitrogen (AN), while the main determinants of the fungal community composition were soil pH and soil organic matter (SOM). These findings indicate that tea planting has a strong effect on the soil microbial community and potential function. The change in soil pH during tea planting was the most important factor affecting the soil microbial community, while soil bacteria were more sensitive to tea planting than fungi.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Forest and tea soils"

Ombina, Christian Ahmed. „Soil characterisation for teak (Tectona grandis) plantations in the Nzara district of Southern Sudan“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2260.

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Thesis (MScFor (Forest and Wood Science))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
The characterization of soils in Nzara District of Southern Sudan in comparison to other tropical teak growing countries (Tectona grandis) – in respect of extensions to existing and/or the establishment of new teak plantations – were done by firstly considering the soils of three existing plantations: Yoboa, Mabarizinga and Nagondi, and secondly by considering soils outside and inside the existing teak plantations in respect of land uses. From these soil characterizations, it emerged that considerable positive returns can be expected from teak plantings in the area as an investment, provided that appropriate site management is implemented. Climatic data of the Nzara area compared favorably with the climatic range of areas where teak grows naturally and the world’s dominant producers: mean annual rainfall 1350-1600 mm with a distribution over 6-8 months compares well with that of Myanmar (1250-3750 mm) and Indonesia (1511-2108 mm) both with at least 3 months of dry season. The mean annual temperature of 28-350C compares well with 15-410C and 30-320C of Myanmar and Indonesia respectively. The Yoboa and Mabarizinga sites should be prioritized as they appear slightly more suitable than the Nagondi site. All three sites have a dominant soil texture of Sandy Clay Loam similar to Sandy Loam of most areas of other tropical countries where teak is growing well (such as India, Indonesia and Nigeria). Yoboa and Mabarizinga however distinguish themselves by having the highest soil pHwater values range from 6.4±0.56 and 6.04±0.7 in top soils; 5.91±0.5 and 5.46±0.61 in subsoils at Yoboa and Mabarizinga respectively; the highest soil organic matter content 1.8±0.34% and 1.92±0.43% in topsoil 0.89±0.16% and 1.13±0.19% in subsoils; as well as the highest P content in both available (0.09±0.04% and 0.03±0.04% for topsoils) and total forms (1.19±0.26% and 0.9±0.3% also on topsoils). These values though very low in absolute terms, are not much different from those of other tropical teak-growing countries. Management strategies intended to preserve and improve the present status, particularly the protection of top soil horizons against mainly water erosion, would be able to boost the site productivity.

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Amponsah, Isaac G. „Forest soil characteristics and variability under teak, Tectona grandis Linn. F, plantations and natural forests in Ashanti Region, Ghana“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0023/MQ52036.pdf.

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Offord, Jilene L. „Nitrogen mineralization patterns of boreal forest soils“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40091.pdf.

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Rudebeck, Anna. „Factors affecting nitrification in European forest soils /“. Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5879-X.pdf.

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Michopoulos, P. „Studies on manganese cycling in forest soils“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.593112.

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An assessment of manganese distribution in podzols, brown earth, gley, and peat soils in NE Scotland showed that most of the manganese was in a form unavailable to plants (residual manganese). Among the available forms, exchangeable manganese in litter had by far the largest concentration. The percentage of total manganese in the exchangeable form in forest soils was found to have a very good correlation with organic matter concentration. Manganese oxides made a negligible contribution to the available manganese pool. It is believed that their supply is limited due to dissolution. Heather litter was found to contain larger concentrations of total manganese than forest litter. However, exchangeable manganese is lost easier from heather litter than forest litter, probably through leaching. A slow equilibration technique was applied to obtain Langmuir adsorption isotherms for manganese in simulated throughfall and Sitka spruce litter. It showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of litter reached a value of many thousands mg kg^-1. Competition between hydrogen and manganese ions in simulated throughfall for adsorption sites on Sitka spruce litter was examined. It was found that the more acid treatments can leach significantly more manganese; however, exchangeable manganese is influenced by manganese concentration in throughfall and can increase in concentration proportionally to the manganese content in throughfall. It is believed that this is a defensive mechanism against excess manganese leaching from litter. A simulated acid rain experiment involving reconstituted soil profiles and young Sitka spruce trees was set up to investigate manganese fluxes and manganese cycling in the microcosms thus created.

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Voinot, Alexandre. „Contribution des isotopes du bore à l'étude des mécanismes et bilans de l'altération des minéraux des sols“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00873615.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'estimer la capacité du bore et de ses isotopes à évaluer les mécanismes et bilans de l'altération des minéraux dans les sols. Pour ce faire, trois axes ont été développés : 1) une approche expérimentale, durant laquelle un minéral-test (la biotite) est soumis à l'action de différents agents altérants représentatifs de ceux trouvés dans les sols. 2) une approche in-situ dans un sol forestier acide, menée sur des minéraux séparés (biotite, muscovite,feldspath potassique et albite), au cours de leur altération à différentes profondeurs (site de Breuil-Chenue, France). L'objectif de cette étude est de déterminer la sensibilité du bore aux processus de la formation des sols. 3) une seconde approche in-situ sur le même site expérimental, menée cette fois-ci sur les horizons superficiels (horizon A et horizon d'accumulation des oxy-hydroxydes d'aluminium), dont le but est de déterminer la sensibilité du bore et de ses isotopes aux processus liés à la proximité de la végétation (variations saisonnières, proximité des racines). Le bore permet, grâce à sa très grande réactivité durant les mécanismes d'altération par rapport aux éléments majeurs constitutifs du réseau cristallin (observable aussi bien en conditions expérimentales qu'en milieu naturel), de tracer avec une grande sensibilité les mécanismes de dissolution ou de transformation des différents minéraux primaires, et ouvre de nouvelles perspectives quant à la compréhension et la modélisation des sols.

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Ficklin, Robert L. „An empirical approach for better estimating soil organic carbon and bulk density using a fixed-volume sampling method /“. free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074401.

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Dmytriw, Russell Patrick. „The partitioning of mercury in the solid components of forest soils and flooded forest soils in a hydroelectric reservoir, Québec /“. Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68171.

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Upon inundation, the soils in a hydroelectric reservoir are subjected to several years of physical, biological, and chemical changes as the transition from a terrestrial to an aquatic ecosystem is achieved. Changes in Eh, pH, and microbial activity are believed to alter the metal binding capacity of solid substrates (e.g., organic matter, reactive Fe and Mn oxides, and clay minerals) within the soil profile, leading to the remobilization of mercury associated with these phases.
Four cores were collected along a transect from an unflooded forest soil to a pre-impoundment lake bottom sediment in the La Grande-2 (LG-2) Reservoir and watershed. The samples were sequentially extracted to determine the distribution of mercury between three operationally-defined solid compartments: organic carbon (1N NaOH-extractable), reactive Fe and Mn oxides/hydroxides (1N HCl-extractable), and the solid (clay and sulphide) residue.
Results indicate that up to 80% of the mercury in the O-horizon in forest soils and flooded forest soils, and up to 85% of the mercury in lake sediments, is bound to the NaOH-extractable organic carbon fraction.
In the B-horizon of a forest podzol where organic content is low, 40-60% of the total mercury was found to be associated with reactive Fe minerals. In contrast, the flooded soil contains very little reactive Fe at any depth and the associated mercury concentrations are low. I propose that, upon inundation, oxide minerals are reduced and Hg released to the pore waters where it is immediately bound to an available substrate. Analyses of the residues suggest that there is an enrichment of mercury in the residual fraction immediately above the B-horizon of a flooded soil while sulphide mineralization appears to play a role in sequestering mercury in lake sediments.

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Lundell, Ylva. „Aspects on nutrient availability in Swedish forest soils /“. Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5869-2.pdf.

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Daniels, W. Lee. „Virgin hardwood forest soils of western North Carolina“. Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52288.

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Little is known about the original properties of soils in the East. Eight virgin soils and associated southern Appalachian hardwood vegetation were studied in western North Carolina. The study sites ranged in elevation from 720 to 1200 m on steep slopes. Overall these soils are quite deep and highly weathered due to high rainfall (>200 cm) and soluble feldspathic parent material. Organic matter contents of the surface·horizons were quite high (4.5 - 16 %), and they contained moderate to strong crumb structure. All but one soil contained cambic subsurface horizons and were either Typic Haplumbrepts or Umbric Dystrochrepts. The majority of soils in the watershed are formed in colluvium, but significant amounts of residual soils occur on sideslopes, and appear to be quite stable. The present day landforms appear to be the result of periglacial activity. North-facing soils were higher in whole soil clay, organic matter, and A horizon exchangeable cations than south-facing soils. Cation exchange capacity in these soils is almost totally dependent on organic matter content, and the mineral fraction is relatively inert. All soils were in the oxidic mineralogy class. Bibbsite was common throughout all soils and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite (HIV) is the dominant clay-sized phyllosilicate in surface horizons. Kaolinite was low in all soils, but was more abundant on south-facing slopes. The silt fractions and sand fractions contained significant quantities of weathered 2:1-type minerals The vegetation varied from mixed-mesophytic cove hardwoods on north-facing slopes to mixed oak-hickory and oak-pine on south-facing slopes. Many trees in coves exceed 1.3 m in diameter and 50 m in height. Total litter production averaged 3494 kg/ha, and the litter layers were typified by thin leaf (L), and well developed fermentation (F) and humus (H) layers. Cations and P are concentrated in the litter layers and immediate surface soil, while N is mixed deep into the profile. Due to their oxidic mineralogy, low CEC, decreasing clay content with depth, and concentration of cations and P in litter and standing biomass these soils highly resemble tropical Oxisols.
Ph. D.

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Bücher zum Thema "Forest and tea soils"

Osman, Khan Towhid. Forest Soils. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02541-4.

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Negi, Sharad Singh. Forest soils. Dehra Dun: International Book Distributors, 2000.

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Lake States Forest Soils Conference (1984 Alberta, Mich.). Proceedings, 1984 Lake States Forest Soils Conference: Forest soils, a resource for intensive forest management. [L'Anse, MI: Ford Forestry Center], 1985.

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Research, Canada Centre for Land and Biological Resources. Forest soils of New Brunswick. Ottawa, Ont: Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research, Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1995.

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Binkley, Dan, Charles T. Driscoll, H. Lee Allen, Philip Schoeneberger und Drew McAvoy. Acidic Deposition and Forest Soils. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3586-6.

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Schulte, Andreas, und Daddy Ruhiyat, Hrsg. Soils of Tropical Forest Ecosystems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03649-5.

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1903-, Leeper G. W., Hrsg. Forest soils and nutrient cycles. Carlton, Vic: Melbourne University Press, 1987.

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North American Forest Soils Conference (9th 1998 Tahoe City, Calif.). Forest soils and ecosystem sustainability. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001.

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North American Forest Soils Conference (7th 1988 University of British Columbia). Sustained productivity of forest soils. Vancouver: Forestry Publications, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 1990.

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Salas, Gonzalo de las. Suelos y ecosistemas forestales: Con énfasis en América tropical. San José, Costa Rica: Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura, 1987.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Forest and tea soils"

Othieno, C. O. „Soils“. In Tea, 137–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2326-6_5.

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Osman, Khan Towhid. „Forest Soils“. In Soils, 229–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5663-2_14.

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Silversides, C. R., und U. Sundberg. „Forest Soils“. In Operational Efficiency in Forestry, 105–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0506-6_7.

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Osman, Khan Towhid. „Rocks, Minerals, and Soils“. In Forest Soils, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02541-4_1.

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Osman, Khan Towhid. „Forest Soil Management and Silvicultural Treatments“. In Forest Soils, 183–210. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02541-4_10.

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Osman, Khan Towhid. „Physical Properties of Forest Soils“. In Forest Soils, 19–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02541-4_2.

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Osman, Khan Towhid. „Chemical Properties of Forest Soils“. In Forest Soils, 45–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02541-4_3.

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Osman, Khan Towhid. „Organic Matter of Forest Soils“. In Forest Soils, 63–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02541-4_4.

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Osman, Khan Towhid. „Biological Properties of Forest Soils“. In Forest Soils, 77–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02541-4_5.

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Osman, Khan Towhid. „Nutrient Dynamics in Forest Soil“. In Forest Soils, 97–121. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02541-4_6.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Forest and tea soils"

Mgeladze, Merab, Antaz Kikava, Zhana Tchitanava, Ilia Kalandadze und Besik Kalandadze. „SOME REGULARITIES OF DEGRADATION OF (14C)-LABELED TEA (Tea Sinensis) BIOMASS IN RED AND BROWN FOREST SOILS“. In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s20.051.

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The studies using (14C)-labeled tea (Tea Sinensis) biomass have demonstrated that tea biomass is degraded in red (Nitisols Ferralic) and brown forest (Humic Cambisols) soils. The application of manganese sludge and manganese sulfate (MnSO4) in these soils increases the mineralization in both soil taxa evidencing an active participation of Mn ions in the degradation of phenolic substances. When applying manganese sludge and/or MnSO4 to the experimental samples, most of 14CO2 is released during the first 60 days as a result of the labeled tea biomass mineralization. The modification (decrease) of MgCO3 of hydrolysis pH reaction of both, the red (Nitisols Ferralic) and brown forest (Humic Cambisols) soil areas and the addition of manganese sludge and or MnSO4 to them dramatically (almost twice or thrice) increase the tea biomass mineralization rate, which was assessed by quantifying 14CO2. The amount of ash in all test reduces as compared to the reference what can be explained by the chemical properties of organic compounds produced as interim products during the biomass degradation.

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Mystrioti, Christiana, Anthimos Xenidis, Nymphodora Papassiopi, Dimitris Dermatas und Mariza Chrysochoou. „Fate of Green Tea Iron Nanoparticles in Calcareous Soils“. In Geo-Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413272.213.

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Saunders, Amanda M., und Darris White. „Estimating Traction Forces for Pneumatic Tires on Soft Soils With Application to BAJA SAE Vehicles“. In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10770.

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Abstract BAJA SAE is an engineering competition that tasks team with designing single-seat all-terrain vehicles that partake in a variety of events, predominantly on soft soils. Events range from (off-road) land maneuverability, hill climb, tractor pull, and timed acceleration. Tire-terrain interaction strongly influences the performance of off-road vehicles. Tire terrain traction is limited by the mechanical properties for soft soils; therefore, understanding tire-terrain traction forces is important for assessing vehicle performance. Using the stress integration method (SIM) initiated by Bekker and developed by Wong, this paper analyzes the performance of BAJA SAE tires using Bekker’s defined terrain measurements for soft soils. The relative rigidity of the tire versus the soil, in terms of pressure, was compared for operating conditions and used to determine the tire state (rigid wheel or pneumatic tire). Tire state determines shape of the tire-terrain interface, and integration limits. Based on the operating conditions, the tire sinkage into the soil was calculated and used to determine compaction resistance, tire hysteresis, and normal pressures along the tire-terrain interface. Using the SIM, the longitudinal and lateral tractive forces vs the slip ratio and slip angle, respectively, were calculated for a range of operation conditions. The tire-terrain traction forces were evaluated for different tire diameters and tire pressure for a range of soil types. The described process can be used to predict performance for BAJA SAE teams participating in specific events and the results can be used as a basis for selecting tires and tire pressure for dynamic events.

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Fer, Miroslav. „CO2 EMISSION FROM EROSION AFFECTED SOILS“. In 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b32/s13.006.

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Raj, Mayank, Pratibha Jha, Merry Gadaili Magar und Vinay Kukreja. „CNN and Random Forest Hybrid Model for Tea Leaf Diseases Multiclassification“. In 2024 International Conference on Automation and Computation (AUTOCOM). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/autocom60220.2024.10486177.

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Torma, Stanislav. „THE POSSIBLE WATER POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURAL SOILS“. In 13th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bc3/s13.033.

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Grigoriev, Igor. „DEPENDENCE OF FILTRATION COEFFICIENT OF FOREST SOILS TO ITS DENSITY“. In 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b32/s14.046.

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Karklina, Ilze, Andis Lazdins, Jelena Stola, Aldis Butlers, Zaiga Anna Zvaigzne und Dana Purvina. „Soil carbon stock in fertilized forest stands with mineral soils“. In Research for Rural Development 2021 : annual 27th International scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.27.2021.007.

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Forest mineral soil is one of the terrestrial carbon pools, and changes in forest management practices can affect the carbon stock in forest soil. The purpose of the study is to estimate temporal fertilization impact on mineral soil organic carbon stock, depending on fertilizers applied, forest stand type, different dominant tree species of the stands. Coniferous and birch forest stands with mineral soil in the central and eastern part of Latvia were selected for the experiment. The fertilizers used were wood ash and nitrogen containing mineral fertilizer. No significant differences in organic carbon stock in O horizon were detected 2–5 years after fertilization. A tendency of smaller organic carbon stock in upper mineral soil layers (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm) was found in most part of objects. Significantly smaller organic carbon stock was found in upper mineral soil layers (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) in birch stands with wet mineral soil treated with ammonium nitrate if compared to the control plots, possibly due to a different soil moisture regime of forest stands. The positive and significant correlations between soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks were found in most part of the objects.

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Volokitin, Mitrofan. „PHYSICAL DEGRADATION OF SOILS DURING THEIR USE“. In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1712.978-5-317-06490-7/218-222.

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The issues related to the degradation of agrophysical parameters of soils are considered. The studies were carried out on gray forest soils of the northern forest-steppe. The assessment of the degree of degradation of the water resistance of the macrostructure of soils during their agricultural use has been carried out. The relationship between the bulk density and the lowest moisture capacity, inter-aggregate cohesion and the filtration coefficient of gray forest soil has been established. Soil losses during thawed runoff were estimated.

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Kumar, Ravi Ranjan, Rahul Bhandari, Anuj Kumar Jain, Neha Sharma, Vikrant Sharma und Sunil Chawla. „Hybrid CNN & Random Forest Model for Effective Tea Leaf Disease Diagnosis“. In 2024 Fourth International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Computing, Communication and Sustainable Technologies (ICAECT). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaect60202.2024.10469122.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Forest and tea soils"

Vas, Dragos, Elizabeth Corriveau, Lindsay Gaimaro und Robyn Barbato. Challenges and limitations of using autonomous instrumentation for measuring in situ soil respiration in a subarctic boreal forest in Alaska, USA. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), Dezember 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48018.

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Subarctic and Arctic environments are sensitive to warming temperatures due to climate change. As soils warm, soil microorganisms break down carbon and release greenhouse gases such as methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). Recent studies examining CO₂ efflux note heterogeneity of microbial activity across the landscape. To better understand carbon dynamics, our team developed a predictive model, Dynamic Representation of Terrestrial Soil Predictions of Organisms’ Response to the Environment (DRTSPORE), to estimate CO₂ efflux based on soil temperature and moisture estimates. The goal of this work was to acquire respiration rates from a boreal forest located near the town of Fairbanks, Alaska, and to provide in situ measurements for the future validation effort of the DRTSPORE model estimates of CO₂ efflux in cold climates. Results show that soil temperature and seasonal soil thaw depth had the greatest impact on soil respiration. However, the instrumentation deployed significantly altered the soil temperature, moisture, and seasonal thaw depth at the survey site and very likely the soil respiration rates. These findings are important to better understand the challenges and limitations associated with the in situ data collection used for carbon efflux modeling and for estimating soil microbial activity in cold environments.

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Powers, Robert F., Donald L. Hauxwell und Gary M. Nakamura. Proceedings of the California Forest Soils Council Conference on Forest Soils Biology and Forest Management, Feb. 23-24. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/psw-gtr-178.

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Harvey, Alan E., und Leon F. Neuenschwander. Proceedings - Management and productivity of western-montane forest soils. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/int-gtr-280.

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Mäkipää, Raisa, Rose Abramoff, Bartosz Adamczyk, Virginie Baldy, Charlotte Biryol, Michal Bosela, Pere Casals et al. Forest soils can increase climate change mitigation with targeted management. European Forest Institute, Mai 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36333/pb7.

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Geist, J. Michael, John W. Hazard und Kenneth W. Seidel. Juvenile tree growth on some volcanic ash soils disturbed by prior forest harvest. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-573.

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O'Neill, Katherine P., Michael C. Amacher und Charles H. Perry. Soils as an indicator of forest health: a guide to the collection, analysis, and interpretation of soil indicator data in the Forest Inventory and Analysis program. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-gtr-258.

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Maceachern, I. J., und R. R. Stea. The dispersal of gold and related elements in till and soils at the Forest Hill Gold District, Guysborough county, Nova Scotia. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/120313.

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Shifley, Stephen R., und Brian L. ,. eds Brookshire. Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project: site history, soils, landforms, woody and herbaceous vegetation, down wood, and inventory methods for the landscape experiment. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nc-gtr-208.

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Hobbs, Trevor, Jason Lynch und Randy Kolka. The Forestry Reclamation Approach: guide to successful reforestation of mined landsSite-specific critical acid load estimates for forest soils in the Osborn Creek watershed, Michigan. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-171.

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Swan, Megan, und Christopher Calvo. Site characterization and change over time in semi-arid grassland and shrublands at three parks?Chaco Culture National Historic Park, Petrified Forest National Park, and Wupatki National Monument: Upland vegetation and soils monitoring 2007?2021. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301582.

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This report presents results of upland vegetation and soil monitoring of semi-arid grasslands at three Parks by the Southern Colorado Plateau Inventory and Monitoring Network (SCPN) from 2007?2021. The purpose is to compare and contrast five grassland ecological sites and examine how they have changed during the first 15 years of monitoring. Crews collected data on composition and abundance of vegetation, both at the species level and by lifeform (e.g., perennial grass, shrub, forb) and soil aggregate stability and soil texture at 150 plots within five target grassland/shrubland communities delineated using NRCS ecological site (ecosite) classification (30 plots per ecosite). Soils in plots at Petrified Forest NP and Chaco Culture NHP were deeper than those at Wupatki NM. Undifferentiated soil crust comprised the largest component of the soil surface, except at Wupatki where surface gravel dominated. Cover of biological soil crust (cyanobacteria, lichen, and moss) was low. Soil aggregate stability was moderate. From 2007?2021, SCPN crews identified 283 unique plant species. Overall live foliar cover ranged from 12-24%. Four of five ecological sites were dominated by C4 grass species (>70% of total live foliar cover). Shrubs co-dominated at one site (WUPA L) and forbs were an overall small component of total vegetation cover but contributed most of the diversity in these sites. Less than 4% of species detected were nonnative. Russian thistle (Salsola tragus) was the most frequently sampled nonnative, occurring in > 50% of plots at Wupatki in the volcanic upland ecological site. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) was the second most common invasive species but occurred in < 10% of the plots at all ecological sites. Vegetation cover was modeled using Bayesian hierarchical models and included seasonal climatic water deficits, year effects and topographic variables as covariates. Models revealed significant negative time trends (i.e., changes over time that were not explained by changes in seasonal deficit covariates included) in some modeled responses, particularly in the cover of perennial grass at all five ecological sites. Time trends in shrub and forb responses were mixed. Species richness showed variable effects by ecosite, decreasing at CHCU S, and increasing at PEFO S and WUPA V. Modeled responses were influenced by climate covariates, but direction of these effects varied. The most consistent effects were that greater July water stress and higher accumulated growing degree days (i.e., warmer spring temperatures) increased cover of perennial grasses and shrubs during the same year. However, greater water stress in the spring had a negative effect on many responses as expected. Decreasing cover of perennial grass and increasing cover of shrubs and weedy forbs has been predicted for southwestern grasslands in response to increasing aridification due to anthropogenic climate change. Perennial grass trends reported here correspond with these predictions with mixed results on shrub and forb community trends. Continued drought conditions will likely exacerbate negative changes in these systems.

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