Dissertationen: „Foreign trade of the company“

1

Jančárová, Miroslava. „Vliv inovačních aktivit na zahraniční obchod podniku ŽĎAS, a.s“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443107.

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The diploma thesis focuses on the impact of innovative activities for foreign trade of ŽĎAS, a.s.. The theoretical part defines terms in innovation, research, development and foreign trade. The practical part specifies the technical innovations of the company and their impacts on foreign trade. The dependence of research and development expenditure incurred with sales from selling their own products abroad, ROA, ROE, ROS and with quality of production. The dependence of sales from foreign trade to enterprise on the number of employees of the company are measured. At the end of the work, the results and proposed recommendations for the development of the company are evaluated.

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Konopková, Jiřina. „Strategie rozvoje podniku“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223923.

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This thesis deals with strategy of company development for a company Pharma Future Ltd. Specifically, the extensit of the foreign market. Thesis analyses internal and external aspects company and its environs. Objective is find out position on market and resulting source of competitive advantage. Improvement of current positron in the market is achieved by imlementation suggested strategy.

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3

Al, Ankari Abdulrahman. „Technology transfer : a case study analysis of the Saudi oil and petrochemical sectors“. Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3465.

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In the recent past a number of technologies have been imported into The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This experience has affirmed the conviction that technology can make an invaluable contribution to the growth of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. However, in doing so, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, like other nations, faces some questions of possible obstacles, trials and errors during the course of industrial development and technology transfer, that can be addressed by utilising science and technology efficiently to develop many sectors, improve output of industry, develop standards and -status of national manpower and its utilisation. This study analyses issues related to successful technology transfer in Saudi industry As such, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between industrial development and technology transfer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the important role that modem technology can play in development of the oil and petrochemicals sectors. The aims are to provide a better understanding of the linkage between technology transfer and industrial development strategies in general, with special emphasis on the performance of the Saudi oil and petrochemical industry in particular. As such, to avoid failures on technology transfer, it becomes an imperative to analyse technology transfer by considering various approaches, as follows: Technology and industry is a key to future growth in Saudi Arabia - The main objective here is to locate, attract and keep industry. The concept of technology and industry deals with role of technology and the dynamics of Saudi's industry environment to excel in markets. Strategy at the functional level - this relates to the various activities assigned to different departments in the organisational structure. The concept means that all functions must be conducted in accordance with industry, technology and strategy. Strategy and technology - this means how to transfer an already existing technology to Saudi industry. Strategy for research and development - The concept deals mainly with how to plan, finance and implement R&D for products, security, environmental protection etc. Where to draw the line between general and specific objectives in R&D. The chosen method to study these issues is case study analysis of SABIC (Saudi Basic Industries Corporation) and Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabian Oil Company). SABIC has been established for two main strategic objectives that go together in two parallel lines. The first objective aims to develop human resources and to turn them into a trained category that has the capability to transfer, assimilate and develop the most sophisticated technologies. The second objective aims to develop the natural resources and convert them to industrial products, helping to diversify the domestic income sources and open iii the doors for building up processing industries to satisfy the local and external market requirements. The first case study (SABIC) provides an overview of the phenomenon of technology transfer to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. For comparative purposes the second case study involves a case study of Saudi Arabia's largest oil firm (Saudi Aramco). These two case studies have been selected for their: i role in technology transfer in Saudi oil and petrochemical sectors, ii approach and access to greater resources in technology transfer, iii exposure of firm behaviour in the Saudi industrial sector, iv contribution to Saudi economic development and realisation of additional income through improved operations. The two case studies, typical of large companies not only in Saudi Arabia but also in the world, will address the obstacles in learning, committing and increasing performance through technology transfer. These cases highlight a range of choices available in technology transfer, which provide a wide range of means for technological learning through transfer. They offer different opportunities for further innovation and technology development. Although Saudi Aramco and SABIC claim 80 percent and 73 percent " Saudisation", respectively, the survey indicates that native Saudis need more participation and involvement in technology process in order to raise their technological know-how. As a result of this study, a common approach to technology transfer into Saudi Aramco and SABIC may be developed and applied by industry, per its requirements to address existing and prospective problems. At present Saudi Arabia has the capacity to absorb new technologies in its growing industrial sector. This is required to meet its desired objectives of becoming industrialised and self-sufficient in required technologies. The real test of effective technology transfer in this study is the need to build Saudi local technological capability supported by an effective learning strategy. The ultimate aim is to expand the scope of this study beyond the academic level towards the practical challenges of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of inward technology transfer for future Saudi industrial development.

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Spadafore, Annemarie Michaela. „Excess Baggage: Weighing the Contribution of Political and Corporate Interests in the W.T.O. Cases over Commercial Aircraft Subsidies“. Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1218774986.

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5

Peťovský, Tomáš. „Stanovenie stratégie vstupu českej firmy na dánsky trh“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9108.

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The purpose of this master thesis is to define a market entry strategy into Denmark for a SME from Czech republic. The thesis includes a complex analysis of the danish entrepreneurial environment and defining a strategy how to enter the market. The thesis intends to be a useful guide for Czech SME's how to expand on this market.

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Alam, Nabeela. „Politics, Trade and Foreign Aid“. Thesis, Brandeis University, International Business School, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3721587.

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This dissertation examines the influence of donor-driven and recipient-driven interests on foreign aid allocation.

Chapter 1 examines how the donor's trade interests together with elections and the political competitiveness of electoral processes in recipient countries are associated with bilateral foreign aid flows. US gives more aid to its non-competitive larger trade partners, but cuts their aid ahead of elections. It substitutes aid with market access for non-competitive countries for which it is an important export market, but not during election years. Germany, Japan and UK give more aid to countries with competitive electoral systems, but for these countries Japan and UK substitute aid with trade. The substitution disappears for UK during election years. Japan and UK also reward countries for which they are important export markets with more aid, but only during non-election years for Japan. During election years, Germany cuts aid to non-competitive countries, but gives more aid to non-competitive countries for which it is an export destination. There is weak evidence that France substitutes aid with market access for politically competitive countries.

Chapter 2 focuses on recipient incentives. I extend the Grossman and Helpman (1996) model of elections and special interests by adding foreign aid. I show that with conditional aid when the preferred policy of the donor and that of the special interest group are not aligned, the latter has an incentive to alter election probabilities so that the opposition party wins and implements the lobby's preferred policy. Under these circumstances, the government has an incentive to substitute away from conditional foreign aid. Furthermore, if the government has a higher probability of winning under unconditional aid, the lobby succeeds in asking the government to deviate the most in its policy stance.

In Chapter 3 I examine how China's growing importance as an export destination is related to countries' UN voting alignment with the US, and whether this relationship is different if the countries export oil and mineral resources that China. I find regional differences in UN voting alignment response. Latin American countries and Sub-Saharan African countries not heavily reliant on exports of oil and minerals show decreased political alignment with increased export dependence on China. UN voting alignment for the resource exporters from Sub-Saharan Africa do not vary with export dependence on China. Instead, they have a lower level of UN alignment with the US.

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7

Brochard, Patrick. „Political economy of China's foreign trade“. Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63312.

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8

Mahmoud, Khalid Salah el-Dien Taha. „Agricultural foreign trade among Arab countries /“. Berlin : Köster, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013306609&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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9

Aitken, Brian J. „Trade, technology, and foreign direct investment“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13175.

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10

Huang, Jingbo. „Foreign trade policy reform in China“. Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1998. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28639/.

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Along with its domestic economic transition, China has carried out a series of reforms in foreign trade and achieved significant policy changes. This thesis shows that China's export policies moved from strong government incentives to a state of market competition while import policies were switched from strict controls to significant liberalisation. In particular, the intensive trade policy reform in the 1990s demonstrated that China has been moving closer to trade liberalisation in line with most international trade practices. Besides providing a comprehensive and updated account of China's trade policy reforms, this thesis contributes to understanding of the field by arguing that: (1) Unlike the trade policy reforms in some other countries, China seems to be a unique case due to its special economic and political conditions, its exclusive reform targets, its cautious reform approach, as well as its sensitive position in the world economy. (2) Econometric tests carried out in this study showed that China's trade policy reforms have been effective, although not all of them were optimal. China's move towards freer trade is thus shown to be the right choice for the economy and is consistent with the view that trade can positively promote growth. (3) China has followed a path of gradual reform with strong government intervention. Given the undeniable achievements and the special natures of trade policy reform, China's experience implies that the route to trade liberalisation can be varied and must be adapted to the specific conditions in the reforming country. (4) Trade liberalisation in China has been less conspicuous in terms of reform measures (for example, tariff reductions) made in the past reform period, due mainly to the incompleteness of the market economy. (5) The biggest challenge facing China is still how to combine trade liberalisation and government intervention, in order to establish a "socialist free trade system". Continuous emphasis on government control may contain the risk obstructing a sustained trade policy reform. China needs to adopt a "market-first" reform strategy to complete the establishment of a full-functioning market economy. The concept of "Chinese characteristics" can only be well-developed in market systems rather than in making use of the market forces on the basis of a government regulated economy. The reforms in the past years have provided a foundation for China to go further towards trade liberalisation. China could, and should, move faster toward trade liberalisation.

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11

Nanivazo, Malokele. „FOREIGN AID FOR TRADE POLICY REFORMS“. OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/399.

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The goal of this dissertation is to investigate how foreign aid can be used as means to induce a recipient country to engage in trade policy reforms. For this purpose, we develop a two-good and two-country model where the donor commits to give foreign aid in the first period and disburses in the second period. The donor`s commitment for foreign aid is based on an equation where the volume of foreign aid is a function of the recipient tariff rate. We analyze the donor and the recipient actions in two types of game: a passive donor game and an active donor game. The active donor game has two sub-games: a simultaneous game and a sequential game. This dissertation is composed of two theoretical chapters and one empirical chapter. The two theoretical chapters use a similar theoretical model but they differ on the assumptions we make the recipient country economy. In the first chapter, we assume that the recipient country government is lobbied by interest groups that own its stock of capital. We find evidence that the donor can, under certain conditions, influence the recipient`s trade policy even when interest groups lobby the government. In the second chapter, we assume that the recipient country has borrowing constraints because it faces a quantitative restriction on its borrowing set by the international credit markets. Our results suggest that the recipient engages in trade liberalization depending on the type of games that the recipient and the donor participate. In the third chapter, we ask two questions: First, is the allocation of aid based on trade policy reforms; particularly, trade liberalization? Second, does foreign aid spur economic growth when we take into account the allocation of foreign aid based on trade liberalization? For this purpose, we use a panel data set of 137 countries from 1995 to 2009 which we estimate using the system GMM estimator. We find evidence of a negative relationship between trade liberalization and foreign aid. Our results suggest that foreign aid spurs economic growth.

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Silveira, Luciana Dutra de Oliveira. „A nova geração de leis anticorrupção: os possíveis impactos da Lei da Empresa Limpa para o comércio internacional brasileiro“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21623.

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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-11-23T12:15:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Dutra de Oliveira Silveira.pdf: 3309566 bytes, checksum: 1bca7d14fb346807aff935bfc2266525 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-23T12:15:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Dutra de Oliveira Silveira.pdf: 3309566 bytes, checksum: 1bca7d14fb346807aff935bfc2266525 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-08
There is now an apparent worldwide trend to fight corruption through the adoption of the new generation of anticorruption laws, that is, domestic laws with extraterritorial reach that provide for legal responsibility to corporations for corrupt practices. In 2013, Brazil joined this movement with the adoption of the Clean Company Act. The entry into force of this legislation provoked criticism and concern, especially with regard to the tension between the underlying interests of the measure and its impacts. Considering that the new generation of anti-corruption laws focuses on corporate conduct abroad, it is clear the ability to impact international trade activities. This thesis addresses the possible impacts of the Clean Company Act to Brazilian international trade from the point of view of growth or fall in imports and exports flows, as well as the formulation of public policies and changes in the behavior of the private sector. Because it is a fairly recent regulation and due to the lack of convictions due to the practice of corruption abroad, the verification of the aforementioned impacts was done based on the study of the United States’ experience with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). In light of the results regarding the adoption of the law and the imposition of FCPA enforcement actions, this thesis discusses the possible impacts of the Clean Company Act to Brazilian international trade. In summary, the thesis presents considerations regarding the future of Brazilian import and export flows in view of the new generation of anti-corruption laws, the challenges and the alternatives for the Brazilian government to achieve the objectives pursued with the aforementioned legislation, as well as the changes that will be promoted in the private sector conducts due to the new culture of compliance in international trade
Observa-se na atualidade uma aparente tendência mundial de combate à corrupção por meio da adoção da nova geração de leis anticorrupção, isto é, leis domésticas com alcance extraterritorial que atribuem responsabilidade às pessoas jurídicas pela prática da corrupção. Em 2013, o Brasil aderiu a esse movimento com a implementação da Lei da Empresa Limpa. A entrada em vigor dessa normativa atraiu críticas e preocupações, sobretudo no que diz respeito à tensão entre os interesses subjacentes à medida e os seus impactos. Tendo em vista que a nova geração de leis anticorrupção tem como escopo a atuação corporativa no exterior, é evidente o seu poder de impactar as atividades de comércio internacional. A presente tese aborda os possíveis impactos da Lei da Empresa Limpa para o comércio internacional brasileiro, tanto do ponto de vista de crescimento ou queda nas importações e exportações, quanto de formulação de políticas públicas e mudanças no comportamento do setor privado. Por se tratar de uma normativa bastante recente e devido à inexistência de condenações pela prática da corrupção no exterior, a verificação dos mencionados impactos foi feita a partir do estudo da experiência dos Estados Unidos com o Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Com base nos resultados obtidos acerca da implementação do marco jurídico e da aplicação de medidas corretivas fundamentadas na referida lei, esta tese discute os possíveis impactos da Lei da Empresa Limpa para o comércio internacional brasileiro. Em suma, a tese traz considerações acerca do futuro dos fluxos de importação e exportação brasileiros em vista da nova geração de leis anticorrupção, dos desafios e das alternativas para o governo brasileiro alcançar os objetivos almejados com a referida normativa, bem como das mudanças que serão promovidas na atuação do setor privado haja vista a nova cultura do compliance no comércio internacional

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Younas, Javed Bandyopadhyay Subhayu. „Essays in trade, foreign aid and investment“. Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5301.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iii, 92 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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Massilia, Marzia Raybaudi. „Essays on foreign direct investment and trade“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390330.

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15

Hinz, Julian. „Essays on international trade and foreign policy“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E028/document.

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Le sujet de cette thèse porte sur l’analyse des liens entre la politique étrangère et le commerce international, hormis un chapitre qui est de nature plus méthodologique. Dans le chapitre 1, j’étudie dans quelle mesure les intérêts géopolitiques sont une motivation essentielle pour la formation d’accords d’intégration économique. Les grands pays négocient et signent systématiquement des accords avec des pays plus petits qui offrent plus d’avantages en termes politiques qu’en termes économiques. Le chapitre 2 propose une analyse empirique sur les effets des sanctions sur les pays sanctionnant, et plus particulièrement sur leurs exportations. Dans ce travail en collaboration avec Matthieu Crozet, nous examinons l’impact global du régime de sanctions contre la Fédération de Russie sur les flux d’exportation des pays occidentaux, et l’impact micro sur les entreprises exportatrices françaises. Le chapitre 3 centre son analyse sur l’étude du mécanisme par lequel les relations politiques entre pays influent leurs flux commerciaux. Conjointement avec Elsa Leromain, nous montrons comment les pays adaptent leur mode d’approvisionnement au climat politique avec leur partenaire commercial. Enfin, dans le chapitre 4, j’explore une question méthodologique en établissant la façon dont les coûts commerciaux devraient être agrégés des niveaux inférieurs d’agrégation géographique au plus élevés en prenant l’exemple de la définition des distances moyennes entre pays en utilisant l’imagerie satellite sur l’émission de lumière nocturne pour mesurer l’activité économique locale
The subject of this doctoral thesis revolves around the analysis of the links between foreign policy and international trade, along with one chapter that is of more methodological nature. In chapter1 I show how geopolitical interests are a key motivation for economic integration agreements. Big countries systematically negotiate and sign these agreements with smaller countries that offer political benefits at the expense of economic ones. Chapter 2 provides an empirical analysis into the effect of sanctions on sanctioning countries—their exports in particular. In this joint work with Matthieu Crozet, we study the macro-impact of the sanctions regime against the Russian Federation on export flows from Western countries and the micro-impact on French exporting firms. Chapter 3 takes a closer look at the mechanism through which political relations between countries impact their trade flows. A collaboration with Elsa Leromain, we show how countries adjust their input sourcing pattern to the political climate with the respective trading partner. Finally, in chapter 4 I explore the methodological issue of how trade costs should be aggregated from lower levels of geographic aggregation to higher ones and I compute theory-consistent country to country distances using nighttime satellite imagery for information on the location of economic activity

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Bassam, Abdoljabbar. „Foreign Trade in Petrochemical Industry of Iran“. Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-258786.

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Iran's economy is characterized by over dependence on the oil sector. Iran has been gradually growing into a centre for production of petrochemicals in the world. Petrochemical industry is one of the significant components of oil industry and is one of the principal industries in Iran which has an influential role in Iran's economy. Although it is widely acknowledged that exports, particularly through manufactured components, play an important role as a potential source of economic growth. Hence, the aim of this research is to analysis the impact of petrochemical products export revenue on economic growth. Therefore the main objective of this research is the study of export-led growth hypothesis (ELG hypothesis) of Iran's economy in the petrochemical industry by taking a time series data for the period of 1990-2010. It applies ordinary least square (OLS) method to investigate the relationship between gross domestic product, exports of petrochemical products, real exchange rate and inflation. The results of the study show that there is a positive relationship between export of petrochemical products and economic growth which validate export-led growth hypothesis in petrochemical industry while negative impact of inflation and real exchnage rate is observed. Furthermore, in this study SWOT analysis of the Iran petrochemical industry is presented.

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Hachem, Daniel R. (Daniel Raymond). „A Study on U.S. Japanese Foreign Trade“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278155/.

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This research presents an in depth discussion and analysis on U.S. Japanese foreign trade. It is divided into two parts. The first hypothesis states that the appreciation of the dollar in the early eighties is positively correlated with the U.S. trade deficit, especially with Japan. The second hypothesis states that Friedrich Von Hayek's Theory of Social Order applies to the development of capitalism in that country. This can also be divided into two parts, a) this generation of Japanese consumes, saves, and invests differently than previous generations, and b) Japanese consumption and investment patterns follow U.S. consumption and investment patterns with a lag.

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Hansson, Pär. „Intra-industry trade: measurements, determinants and growth : a study of Swedish foreign trade“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi, 1989. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100372.

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19

Ceschin, Mauro Angelo Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. „American trade strategy: domestic and foreign efforts in the pursuit of free trade“. Ottawa, 1994.

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20

Stepanok, Ignat. „Essays on international trade and foreign direct investment“. Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institutionen för Nationalekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1289.

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The availability of firm level data in international trade started a very quickly developing theoretical literature that focused on the micro evidence and understanding its implications for aggregate productivity and welfare. The new models were dealing with individual firm characteristics determining entry and exit from foreign markets and the different ways in which firms chose to enter. Two of the main features of this literature are that firms have heterogeneous productivities and need to pay a fixed costs in order to enter both their home and foreign markets. As a result, some do not find it optimal to export and it is those with higher productivity that do. This thesis is comprised of three theoretical papers (chapters) in which the models are with firms with heterogeneous productivities and there is steady state economic growth. The purpose in all three papers has been to generate results that are already established empirical facts but that have not been incorporated in the theoretical trade and growth literature.
Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, 2011

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Meyer, Birgit [Verfasser]. „Aid, Trade and Foreign Direct Investment / Birgit Meyer“. Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1104733633/34.

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22

Su, Yu-Tien. „Economic growth, trade policy and foreign direct investment“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1382242/.

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While openness enables countries to keep pace with the most advanced state-of-the-art knowledge, technology transfers among innovators in different countries facilitate the motivation of research and development and the spread of new knowledge and skills. Rapid technological innovations also motivate trade and international capital flows and speed up the integration process of the world economy. The thesis concentrates on two areas within these ongoing investigations; namely Trade Policy and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), within the wider discussions of the newly developed models in the theory of Economic Growth, styled "endogenous growth theory" Based on the models of new growth theory, namely Romer (1987,1990, 1994), Barro and Sala-i-Martin (1995, Chapter 4,6, and 7), Aghion and Howitt (1992) and Grossman and Helpman (1992, Chapter 4 and 11), this thesis first focuses on the mechanism through which trade restrictions affect the welfare of a developing country. In Chapter 2, the comparison of the welfare effects of two of the most commonly used trade policies, tariff and voluntary export restriction (VER) is presented. It shows counter-intuitively that a VER may be superior to a tariff. Second, this thesis focuses on the mechanism illustrating the interaction of imitation, FDI, and economic growth rate of a developing country. Chapter 3 constructs a model which detects the interrelationships between FDI, innovation, imitation and the long-run growth rate. One of the major findings is that governmental policies to promote local technology activities do not necessarily improve the relative condition of labour in the policy-active country. Finally, in Chapter 4, this thesis also examines the empirical evidences of the effect of FDI upon the growth of a developing country's economy based on a recent growth model. The Taiwanese economy (1953-1995) is used as an empirical case study. The results show that FDI did play an important role in the manufacturing industry of Taiwan.

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Newman, Susan Jennifer. „Russian foreign trade, 1680-1780 : the British contribution“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19190.

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This study aims to establish the development of foreign trade in the Muscovite lands, the Baltic provinces and in the areas which were newly settled in the mid eighteenth century with particular reference to the role of British merchants in these changes. This has required an analysis of the structure of trade through the 'Russian' Baltic and White Sea ports and an investigation of the changing patterns of commercial acitivity caused by fluctuations in the boundaries of their supply areas and of internal and external markets for the goods they handled. Detailed consideration has been given to the commodities handled in the import, export and re-export trades utilising data from the Sound Toll accounts together with British and Russian customs statistics. Having established a wide framework for the investigation of Russian foreign trade, detailed consideration has been given to the role of the British commercial community. In order to do so it has been necessary to reconstruct the methods used by British merchants in Russia in organising their commercial activities: this includes examining the structure of the British mercantile 'houses' in all the Russian ports, but especially in St. Petersburg; the patterns of recruitment of young men into the trade and their style of life in Russia; the network of contacts which they established among their compatriots, whether involved in commerce or other professions, with other foreign merchants and also with their aristocratic clients and their Russian counterparts involved in internal trade. Merchants in the Russia trade faced changing costs to their business for freight, insurance and customs duties and the fluctuations in these charges and their responses to them have been assessed. One of the most important aspects of their activities was the way in which they financed their trade. Decision-making in this matter was influenced by events throughout Europe as well as in Russia, for account had to be taken of the relative value in silver of the commodities which the Russia merchant handled in that country and elsewhere. Thus, during the late seventeenth century, they paid for Russian goods in specie whilst increasingly in the eighteenth century it made better economic sense to deal in imported commodities as far as the market allowed and finance the balance with trade surpluses accumulated elsewhere, thereby causing the emergence of a close co-operation between the British and Dutch communities in Russia in financing their trade, with the Dutch lending the proceeds of their import surplus to the British in return for bills of exchange on Amsterdam. The costs arising from the movement of the rate of exchange and interest rates within the financial network so formed, have been fully inves¬ tigated and their effect on the trade explored. The effects of these changes on Russia's overseas trade and the internal impact of the development of this external commercial sector to the Russian economy receives especial consideration with particular emphasis being placed on the response of the aristocracy in both their changing patterns of consumption of imported goods and in the development of their estates to provide raw materials for export or supplying Russian merchant and serf manufacturers who were at this time responding to growing overseas markets for their products.

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Richter, Stanislav. „SMEs in Foreign Trade of the Czech Republic“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-124665.

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This diploma thesis deals with the question of export support for small and medium enterprises in the context of international trade of the Czech Republic. It presents a comprehensive study of the development of foreign trade of the Czech Republic since 1993 to the present, focusing especially on the role of small and medium-sized enterprises and their importance for the whole economy. Fruther it maps the availability of both state and private export support services which are consequently compared with actual needs, identified through own research among small and medium-sized enterprises. On these basis possible modifications leading to more efficient and transparent system are recommended with ambitions to improve the export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises.

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Ismatova, Sevara. „Trade Development and Trade Perspectives of Visegrad Group“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72679.

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Thesis examines the trade development in the Visegrad countries, the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Poland and Hungary through the detailed analyses of their historical trends in GDP, currency and inflation, and foreign trade. The timeline of their trade development was split into two periods: during communism and after the collapse of communism. The study showed that the Visegrad countries' trade was concentrated mostly within the CMEA countries and their trade relations with the West were restricted which held them back from their earlier integration into the EU and also kept down their economic growth for several decades. Their economies were centrally planned and state held monopoly over foreign trade which caused them to be much less competitive on world markets. The period after the collapse of their communist regimes involves their transition to market economy and their full integration into the EU with the increasing share of the EU in their foreign trade. The analysis of this period emphasizes the importance of the openness of their economies in their gained economic growth. Another purpose of the study was to look into their trade perspectives with the economic projections and their future accession into the Eurozone. Visegrad countries' cooperation in attracting FDI into the region was also found important for their economic stabilization and future growth in today's competitive world.

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26

Pak, Che-hun. „A comparative applied economic analysis of Soviet foreign trade : an intra-industry trade approach /“. Connect to resource, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262716466.

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27

Ahmed, Mohammad. „Market structure, producers conduct, and foreign trade : a case study of urea fertilizer trade“. Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385405.

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28

Ji, Qiu Ying. „China's reform in foreign trade : towards modern enterprise system“. Thesis, University of Macau, 1996. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636231.

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29

Zhao, Jinzhuo. „Essays on foreign direct investment, trade and multinational firms /“. Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2009. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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30

Sun, Yi, und 孙熠. „Two essays in international trade and foreign direct investment“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206322.

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31

Portugal, Marcelo S. „Brazilian foreign trade : fixed and time varying parameter models“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/53070/.

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In this thesis we estimate and analyse several econometric models for the Brazilian trade equations. A major attention is given to the questions of stationarity and parameter instability. We test for the presence of unit roots by using the Dickey and Fuller, and Phillips and Perron tests and the Johansen procedure, and apply a error correction mechanism to the data. To investigate the question of parameter instability we use the Kalman filter in both classical and bayesian approaches and the switching regressions technique. These tests and estimations are performed using both annual and quarterly disaggregated data. We show that, in some cases, the trade equation coefficients are indeed time varying. The changes in the trade elasticities are then related to changes in the trade policy regime and to the industrial structure of the economy.

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Petrova, Nadya (Nadya Naydenova), und A. Todd Templeton. „Foreign trade zones and bonded warehouses for luxury goods“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81103.

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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64).
We explore and compare the benefits of establishing and operating Foreign Trade Zones (FTZs) and Bonded Warehouses (BWs) for luxury goods in North America, using the case of the distribution network of Ralph Lauren Corporation (RLC). RLC is a luxury brand company with about $7 billion annual revenue. With over 3 million square feet of warehousing facilities in the USA, the company wants to explore potential savings from changing the legal titles of four of its existing inventory holding and transload facilities to either FTZs or BWs while considering the respective complexity and cost of setting up and managing the zones. To eliminate one of the FTZ and BW options, we measured both of their operational fits to the metrics of RLC's facilities. We found out that BWs are not a viable alternative for large-scale facilities such as RLC's because of the complicated Customs and Border Protection control they require. Furthermore, to determine which, if any, of the facilities should be transformed into FTZs, we conducted a cost-benefit analysis and evaluated the Net Present Value of the projects. As a result, we found out that it is financially beneficial to transform two of the four facilities under consideration, leave one in its current state, and explore the future strategic role of the fourth facility to determine the value of its FTZ transformation. We also suggest possible operational opportunities that may increase the FTZ benefits for the RLC North America network.
by Nadya Petrova and A. Todd Templeton
M.Eng.in Logistics

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Otsubo, Hirotoshi. „Regional economic function analysis of U.S. foreign-trade zones“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33045.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-88).
Foreign-Trade Zones (FTZs) are defined as designated areas in the United States where foreign merchandise is considered to be international commerce and not subject to U.S. customs duties unless or until it enters into the U.S. market. The original purpose of the FTZ program was to generate new business and employment in the United States by encouraging foreign trade, especially export and transshipment trade. Since the early 1980s, the program has grown in popularity in terms of the number of FTZs established and the value of goods traded through them. Meanwhile, the program has shifted its primary function from export promotion to import promotion. Today, offshoring manufacturers, such as oil refineries and auto-assembly plants, are the major beneficiaries of the program. They can reduce the payment of customs duties by converting high-duty imported materials into low-duty finished products under FTZ procedures. This import-oriented activity is enabled by the liberality of the FTZ Act and administrative support from the FTZ Board. FTZ #27, located around Boston Harbor, is not an exception. Since the late 1990s, this zone has amplified its function in import promotion by accommodating several distributors, including BOSFUEL and Reebok. Under FTZ procedures, these firms can benefit considerably from duty exemption and deferral. I estimated that the cost savings reach 940,000 dollars at BOSFUEL and 1.1 million dollars at Reebok. However, FTZ #27 has failed to generate employment both at the local and regional levels. The number of workers in the zone has declined by 61% since 1999 because employment loss at existing manufacturers has outpaced the increase at BOSFUEL and Reebok.
(cont.) Also, I estimated that the import promotion of jet fuel and footwear creates only limited employment in Greater Boston. This is mostly because FTZ #27 lacks locational incentives and supply-chain linkages that would initiate regional economic growth. This case study indicates that, through the functional shift, the FTZ program is losing its economic significance for regional economies. This suggests that the program requires substantial modifications in policy and administration to improve its efficacy.
by Hirotoshi Otsubo.
M.C.P.

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Kim, Hyunjin. „Relationship between Free Trade Agreement and Foreign Direct Investment“. Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74278.

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This paper analyzed the FDI trends between Korea and its FTA partners which were Chile, Singapore and EFTA. The other group was central European countries and their FTA partner countries that are Chile, Mexico and South Africa. The empirical studies of FDI developments after FTA have found that the results were different from country to country even though they have the FTA status with the same countries. Korea has been increased FDI investment in its FTA partner countries but not with Chile and EFTA. Similarly, Germany has increased its FDI in their FTA partner countries after FTA. But most central European countries which are Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary were not much changed their FDI investment after FTA. But their investment also increased when we measure FDI in the absolute numbers between before and after FTA. Regarding the prospects of FDI flows between Korea and central European countries after ROKEU FTA, We took into accounts such as FDI trends with its FTA partners, FDI regime and current FDI position etc including ROKEU FTA itself. Basically, we could predict that FDI would increase in central European countries from Korea when we consider the previous trends between them and the results of empirical analyses of the FTA partner countries. So it is hard to say that FDI will be increased in Korea from these countries after FTA. But Germany would be very active outward economy and it would invest more in South Korea than before FTA.

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Bonfatti, Roberto. „Three essays on international trade, foreign influence, and institutions“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2365/.

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This thesis is about the link between international trade (and the economic fundamentals that determine it) and a country's economic power. In Chapter 1 and 2, I define economic power as the capacity to impose - at little enough cost - harmful trade sanctions on other countries. I study how a "strong" country can use its economic power to influence policy and institutional change in a "weak" country. This foreign influence interacts heavily with domestic politics in chapter 1. Here, I study how an incumbent elite that has a disproportionate stake in gains from trade may use foreign influence to entrench itself in power. I argue that this can help explain the pattern of democratization in Latin America during the Cold War. In Chapter 2, I focus instead on how changes in economic power may lead to institutional change in international relations. I study how a weak country that is under the de jure domination of a strong country may find it easier to re-establish its sovereignty when the economic power of the strong country decreases. This allows me to explain various decolonization episodes in terms of changes in the economic fundamentals (mainly factor endowments) that determine trade, and thus economic power. A different approach to economic power is adopted in Chapter 3. This chapter is about the allocation of oil contracts to multinational companies in developing countries, and how is this determined by inter-governmental lobbying just as well as by economic factors. In this context, the economic power of an oil-importing country is defined as its capacity to lobby an oil-exporting government into a clientelistic allocation of contracts. I construct a model where this capacity is endogenously determined by the structure of the oil trade, by technology, and by the political myopia of the oil-exporting government.

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Chen, Chinchih. „Essays on agglomeration, trade costs and foreign direct investment“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/959/.

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This thesis is composed of three chapters. The first one investigates the impact of distance, market and supply access and agglomeration externalities on FDI locations. Chapter 2 studies the change in trade costs on FDI locations. Chapter 3 examines the relative effect of trade costs on horizontal and vertical FDI locations. Chapter 1 provides empirical evidence of the effect of agglomeration with firms from the same country on other location determinants. I use data for the Taiwanese FDI projects in Chinese provinces from 1991 to 1996. In order to estimate the relative change in coefficient magnitude over time, I exploit Taiwan’s FDI policy shock in 1991. I find negative effects of the bilateral distance between the home and host country on FDI locations. Sectoral agglomeration with firms from the same country also has significant and positive impact on FDI locations. Chapter 2 investigates the impact of the change in trade costs on FDI locations. I study the effect on the FDI growth rate and the number of new FDI projects. Taiwan’s cross-strait direct flights policy in 2008 provides a quasi/natural experiment on the change in trade costs, arising from the implementation of direct flights between Taiwan and China. I use difference-in-difference estimator with Taiwanese firm-level data for the period 2002 to 2011 to identify the casual effect of the change in trade costs on FDI locations. Furthermore, I decompose the effect of trade costs by identifying the transaction and transport costs channels. Contract and unit value intensity are created to measure the relative effect of trade costs through two channels. I find that the dispersion of Taiwanese FDI after the policy shock in 2008. Chapter 3 investigates the impact of trade costs on horizontal and vertical FDI locations. I study the relative effects of trade costs on the number of new horizontal and vertical FDI affiliates across industries. I use Taiwanese firm level data during the period 2001 to 2011 in combination with the input-output links between the parent firm and affiliates to identify horizontal and vertical FDI as well as inter-and intra-industry vertical FDI. My findings indicate trade costs have additional negative impact on vertical FDI relative to horizontal FDI. In addition, as an increase in trade costs occurs, vertical FDI affiliates are affected relatively more than horizontal FDI through both transaction and transport costs channels.

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Miliauskaitė, Kristina. „Foreign exchange risk management in the company „Snaige““. Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090403_124135-36146.

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The main purpose of this work is to analyze currency risk management opportunities in the industrial company “Snaige”. In order to reach this objective some tasks are set during the work. Firstly it is important to reveal the importance of foreign exchange risk management for the companies that are vulnerable to adverse currency rates. Necessary condition of the work is to measure “Snaige” company’s exposure to currency risk. Using historical simulation and scenario analysis critical point is to compare company’s earnings using and not using hedging. Final task is to assess the benefit for the company on using specific derivatives. Correlation analysis shows that USA dollar, Russian rouble and Ukrainian hryvnia currencies are positively related to each other. Exposure measurement VaR calculation results reveal that currencies with a strong positive correlation have a highest risk and are the most worth hedging. From the historical simulation and scenario analysis it is clear that company will incur huge losses in 2008 if it does not manage foreign exchange risk. Finally, it is important to mention that hedging instruments differ and the choice of using specific derivatives should depend on the current market situation and the foreign exchange risk management policy of the company.
Bakalaurinio darbo tikslas yra ištirti valiutų rizikos valdymo galimybes gamybinėje įmonėje “Snaigė”. Norint pasiekti nusistatytą tikslą yra užsibrėžti konkretūs uždaviniai. Pirmiausia yra svarbu atskleisti valiutų rizikos valdymo svarbą įmonėms, kurios yra jautrios nepalankiems valiutų kursų svyravimams. Nemažiau svarbi darbo dalis yra išmatuoti įmonės “Snaigė” valiutų rizikos dydį. Atliekant istorinės simuliacijos ir scenarijų analizes svarbus veiksnys yra palyginti įmonės pajamas apsidraudžiant bei nedraudžiant valiutų rizikos. Galutinis darbo uždavinys yra naudos įvertinimas įmonei “Snaigė” naudojat išvestines finansines priemones Koreliacijos analizė rodo, jog JAV dolerio, Rusijos rublio ir Ukrainos grivinos valiutų svyravimai stipriai priklauso vienas nuo kito. Valiutų rizikos dydžio VaR skaičiavimų rezultatai atskleidžia, kad valiutos, kurios turi stiprų teigiamą ryšį, taip pat yra pačios rizikingiausios ir jas labiausiai verta apdrausti. Atlikus istorinės simuliacijos bei scenarijaus analizes yra nustatyta, jog įmonė, nevaldydama valiutų rizikos, patirs milžiniškus nuostolius 2008 metais. Galiausiai yra svarbu pažymėti, jog valiutų rizikos draudimo instrumentai skiriasi ir pasirinkimas naudoti konkrečias išvestines finansines priemones turėtų priklausyti nuo esamos rinkos situacijos bei vykdomos įmonės rizikos valdymo politikos.

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38

Zhang, Jian. „The impact of trade related investment measures in developing countries“. Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765888031&SrchMode=1&sid=6&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1209144977&clientId=23440.

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39

Mafusire, Albert. „Foreign capital inflows and the export-led growth /“. St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16535.pdf.

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40

King, Helene. „The economic history of the Long-Bell Lumber Company“. Lake Charles, La. : McNeese State University, Frazar Memorial Library, Dept. of Archives and Special Collections, 2008. http://library.mcneese.edu/depts/archive/FTBooks/king.htm.

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41

何健勇 und Andrew Glenn Harbert. „Mongolia in the 90s: prospects for trade and investment“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31264645.

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42

O'Connell, Timothy Aloysius. „Vietnam in the '90s: prospects for trade and investment“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31264736.

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Harbert, Andrew Glenn. „Mongolia in the 90s : prospects for trade and investment /“. Hong Kong : [University of Hong Kong], 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12761102.

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44

Yuvaci, Abdullah. „International Politics, Special Interests and Foreign Trade Policy: A Study of Turkish-American Textile Trade Relations“. Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1271800423.

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45

Riddle, Liesl Anna. „The social embeddedness of export promotion organization in the Turkish clothing industry /“. Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008430.

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46

Solís, Olivares José Cuauhtémoc. „Trade and foreign investment liberalization and sustainable development in Mexico“. Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78229.

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This thesis analyses the interface between sustainable development and trade openings and the liberalization of foreign investment in Mexico. The position to be argued throughout this thesis is that the Mexican legal framework, crafted to avoid further degradation of the environment as required by sustainable development, has proven to be limited in meeting the objectives established in the North America Free Trade Agreement and its side accord, the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation. This thesis analyses the provisions intended for the protection of the environment within the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the outcome of NAFTA's Chapter 11 investors dispute resolution mechanism and the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC) citizens' submission process concerning Mexico.

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47

Cole, Matthew T. „Strategic trade policy with foreign direct investment and heterogeneous firms /“. Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1883593661&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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48

Uresti, Eradio E. „The guns-for-drugs trade: implications for U.S. foreign policy“. Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28255.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
This thesis is a comprehensive study of the relationship between weapons and narcotics trafficking--a phenomenon referred to as the "guns-for-drugs-trade". It focuses on trafficking that occurs throughout the United States and Latin America. The thesis identifies the actors, motivating factors, types of weapons, methods of smuggling, system dynamics, implications and prevalent problems found in combatting the trade. Several options are offered for U.S. policy which include neglecting the problem altogether, increasing interdiction efforts, passing stricter laws and harsher penalties, increasing intergovernmental cooperation and bolstering cooperation among law enforcement agencies, both foreign and domestic. In conclusion, the thesis proposes that any solution should address both U.S. and Latin American concerns, emphasize cooperation and apply lessons learned during the drug wars..

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Bissa, Maria Areti Errietta. „Governmental intervention in foreign trade in archaic and classical Greece“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444110/.

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The thesis discusses the role of the state in archaic and classical Greek trade through the study of four commodities, gold, silver, timber and grain, where the state had reason to intervene. Gold and silver were not only a major source of wealth for the producing states but also their import was a concern for many states, since they were the main coinage metals. In the thesis, both the role of the state in production and export and the situation for coin-minting importers using statistical data for silver and case studies for gold are discussed. The study of timber concentrates on shipbuilding timber, particularly for triremes, since naval warfare played such an important role in the historical developments of the classical period. The two main issues discussed are the intervention through monopoly and the means of acquisition used by the importers, concentrating on coercive diplomacy and military pressure. Grain was the main staple food in antiquity and for many poleis its import, regular and extraordinary, was a matter of life or death. The economic policies of the exporters in normal and famine situations and the intervention of the state in imports through legislation are discussed. The thesis shows that Greek states both intervened and involved themselves rationally in the production, export and import of important commodities disproving the modern orthodoxy on the issue, which argues in favour of minimal extraordinary intervention.

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50

Nathananan, Montri. „Theoretical essays on trade policies, mergers and foreign direct investment“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11142/.

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This thesis is a collection of theoretical essays in the area of trade policies, mergers and foreign direct investment. We employ partial equilibrium analysis to investigate various issues concerning the above topic. In the first chapter we review theoretical works that investigate the links between trade policy and merger activity. We focus our attention on Falvey (1998) which analyses the effects of tariff policy on mergers and reaches the conclusion that tariffs tend to encourage mergers involving small firms based in the restricting country but discourage mergers involving small firms based in the non-restricting country. In the second chapter we extend Falvey (1998) to include the effects of the quotas on merger profitability. The quotas tend to discourage mergers involving small firms from both restricting and non restricting countries. When a ranking of the tariff and the quota regimes can be made, mergers gains are larger under the equivalent quota regime. In the third chapter we investigate tariff and quota equivalence when firms have the option of direct investment. High tariffs induce a foreign firm to switch from trade to investing directly in the home country. Restrictive quotas, however, induce a foreign firm to engage in direct foreign investment in addition to trade. The two regimes are not always equivalent especially in terms of the level of imports. In the fourth chapter we use game theory to investigate the interaction between welfare maximising home government and a foreign firm capable of choosing the direct foreign investment option. If the foreign firm move first, it may pre-empt the home government by committing to the direct investment option if the optimal tariff is expected to be high. If the home government move first, it may need to set the tariff below the optimal level so that direct foreign investment is not induced.

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Dissertationen zum Thema „Foreign trade of the company“

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