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Kastholm, Ole Thirup. „A Viking Age Ghost Ship near the Great Halls of Lejre“. Acta Archaeologica 94, Nr. 1 (31.01.2024): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/16000390-09401048.
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Abstract Due to persistent rumours of wooden planks from a ‘Viking Ship’ in the Lejre Stream (Lejre Å) running in the Valley of Lejre (Lejre Ådal) and near the dynastic residence of Lejre (the Scyldings’ palace), archaeologists have investigated the area in the 1980s. The negative result has never been the subject of any publication so far, let alone a closer examination of what the background of these rumours might be. This paper aims to present the investigation and its context. Furthermore, it sums up our knowledge about the Lejre Stream, which concludes that it was not a navigable waterway in the Late Iron Age. This investigation also suggests that the so-called ‘ship planks’ represent another wooden structure than a Viking ship, either a ford or a watermill. Finally, it is suggested on the basis of the investigation that the area of the dynastic residence of Lejre would be an ideal place to search for early watermill technology.
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Gosine, Andil. „Everything Slackens in a Wreck“. Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 26, Nr. 2 (01.07.2022): 119–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-9901696.
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This is a curatorial essay in which the author explains his research and process for the conception and production of everything slackens in a wreck, a visual arts exhibition running at the Ford Foundation Gallery in New York from June to September 2022. Gosine elaborates his thinking about the title of the exhibition, which is taken from a Khal Torabully poem, and explains the relevance of and his intrigue with the four artists whose works comprise the exhibition: Wendy Nanan (Trinidad and Tobago), Margaret Chen (Jamaica/Canada), Andrea Chung (Jamaica/United States), and Kelly Sinnapah Mary (Guadeloupe). Each of the four women is a descendant of indentured workers who traveled to the Caribbean in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and for each this history is a reference point in her practice. Gosine proposes a consideration of the Americas as a consequence of three wreckages: the ship landings of European colonizers and the arriving ships of enslaved and, later, indentured peoples.
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Kerr, Douglas. „CONRAD AND THE COMIC TURN“. Victorian Literature and Culture 43, Nr. 1 (06.02.2015): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150314000394.
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Of his nineteen years as a sailor, from 1874 to 1894, Joseph Conrad actually worked on ships for ten years and eight months, of which just over eight years were spent at sea, including nine months as a passenger (Najder 161–62). During these nomadic years, London was the place to which he returned again and again to seek his next berth, staying in a series of sailors’ homes, lodgings, and boarding houses. How did he spend his time, a single man with no family and few friends, whose main occupation was waiting? He recalled, in the preface toThe Secret Agent, “solitary and nocturnal walks all over London in my early days” (7). Ford Madox Ford says that Conrad knew all the bars around Fenchurch Street (which links the financial centre of the City of London to Whitechapel and the East End) from his days of waiting for a ship. Returning to the area later in life, according to Ford's slightly improbable memory, he “became at once the city-man gentleman-adventurer with an eye for a skirt,” who “could tell you where every husky earringed fellow with a blue, white-spotted handkerchief under his arm was going to. . . .” (Joseph Conrad116, 117). The reality of these London sojourns was probably less romantic, most of the time. But there was one place where a sailor ashore, without much money, could always go for company and entertainment: the music-hall.
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Madhusudhana, Shyam, Holger Klinck und Kerri D. Seger. „Characterization of underwater soundscape variations pre- and post-ship shock trial underwater detonations“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2022): A290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0016313.
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During Full Ship Shock Trials (FSSTs), a ship is subjected to a series of underwater detonations conducted at various distances to assess its ability to withstand shock waves that simulate near misses during combat. In the summer of 2021, the US Navy successfully conducted a FSST of the USS Gerald R. Ford, in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Jacksonville, FL. We collected passive acoustic recordings during each of the three underwater detonations, using an array of bottom-moored autonomous underwater recorders—Rockhoppers and SoundTraps—that were deployed at 15 vantage positions around the three sites. While the acoustic recordings of the underwater detonations were aimed at providing the Naval Sea Systems Command valuable data for updating their underwater acoustic propagation models, it also provided opportunistic data to assess possible impacts on prevailing biota. Our analyses of the recordings included an assessment of the recorded soundscape pre- and post-trial and a characterization of relative vocal activity by large faunal groups (baleen whales, delphinids, and fish). The results provide an insight into behavioral changes in response to the underwater detonations at different distances from the detonation sites as well as valuable information for improving impact mitigation considerations during future FSSTs.
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Al-Jawary, Munadhil, Khaleel Hameed Radh und Fatima Turki Nehme. „Various Applications of Dynamic Programming (D.P.) in the Iraqi Economy“. International Journal of Religion 5, Nr. 8 (24.05.2024): 1057–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/67xg1050.
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The main objective of this research is to conduct some applications of dynamic programming in the Iraqi economy in order to determine the optimal solution, such as distributing investments among some economic sectors or finding the shortest distance between provinces using the Bellman-Ford algorithm. This includes providing some hypothetical examples of other dynamic programming methods such as the traveling salesman problem or the captain's ship model, as it is sometimes called. Dynamic programming revolves around cost reduction and maximizing returns, also known as optimality. Practical studies have been conducted on the shortest distance between provinces of Middle Euphrates in Iraq, in addition to applying the knapsack method to maximize returns in some economic sectors in Iraq for the year 2007.
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Hunter, Michael. „Defining a War: INDOCHINA, THE VIETNAM WAR, AND THE MAYAGUEZ INCIDENT“. Marine Corps History 6, Nr. 2 (02.02.2021): 72–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35318/mch.2020060204.
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Only two weeks after the fall of Saigon in May 1975, Khmer Rouge forces seized the American merchant ship SS Mayaguez (1944) off the Cambodian coast, setting up a Marine rescue and recovery battle on the island of Koh Tang. This battle on 12–15 May 1975 was the final U.S. military episode amid the wider Second Indochina War. The term Vietnam War has impeded a proper understanding of the wider war in the American consciousness, leading many to disassociate the Mayaguez incident from the Vietnam War, though they belong within the same historical frame. This article seeks to provide a heretofore unseen historical argument connecting the Mayaguez incident to the wider war and to demonstrate that Mayaguez and Koh Tang veterans are Vietnam veterans, relying on primary sources from the Ford administration, the papers of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund, and interviews with veterans.
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Seger, Kerri D., Shyam Madhusudhana, Holger Klinck, Kevin D. Heaney und John Boyle. „Using before-after control-impact methodology to quantify effects of full ship shock trial explosions on marine fauna“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, Nr. 3_Supplement (01.03.2024): A133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027061.
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In the summer of 2021, the US Navy conducted a Full Ship Shock Trial (FSST) for the USS Gerald R. Ford. This involved three large underwater explosions off the coast of Florida, USA. We collected underwater acoustic recordings, using low-sensitivity recorders, for the Naval Undersea Warfare Center to validate their underwater acoustic propagation models. We also deployed SoundTraps on the shallow moorings to collect additional acoustical biologics data in hopes of measuring any acoustic responses of marine fauna to the explosions. The acoustic energy of the explosions did not propagate up the continental slope and were hence not captured by the SoundTraps on the shallow moorings. However, our analyses did yield some notable changes in acoustic behavior after as compared to before the explosions. Here, we describe how our field plan was designed for before-after control-impact (BACI) hypothesis testing and discuss our analyses and findings of the few significant cases. These results lend insight for improving the impact assessments and conducting behavioral response studies during a future FSST or other large underwater explosions.
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Luo, Dan, Peng Chen, Jingsong Yang, Xiunan Li und Yizhi Zhao. „A New Classification Method for Ship Trajectories Based on AIS Data“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, Nr. 9 (23.08.2023): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091646.
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Automatic identification systems (AIS) can record a large amount of navigation information about ships, including abnormal or illegal ship movement information, which plays an important role in ship supervision. To distinguish the trajectories of ships and analyze the behavior of ships, this paper adopts the method of supervised learning to classify the trajectories of ships. First, the AIS data for the ships were marked and divided into five types of ship tracks. The Tsfresh module was then used to extract various ship trajectory features, and a new ensemble classifier based on traditional classification using a machine learning algorithm was proposed for modeling and learning. Moreover, ten-fold cross validation was used to compare the ship trajectory classification results. The classification performance of the ensemble classifier was better than that of the other single classifiers. The average F1 score was 0.817. The results show that the newly proposed method and the new ensemble classifier have good classification effects on ship trajectories.
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Harahap, Aqso Ampri. „Correlation of Ship Sanitation with Cockroach Density on Motor Vessel Docked in Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya“. JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 8, Nr. 2 (05.07.2016): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v8i2.2016.172-183.
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Abstract: Based on data from Port Health Offi ce Class I Surabaya in 2012, 42 (1.66%) of 2.521 ship that were inspected was found vectors. Sanitation assessment data were found cockroach in July 2015, 9 (4.20%) of 214 ships, in August 15 (8.02%) of 187 ships, and in September 16 (8.88%) of 180 ships. Meanwhile Kepmenkes 431/2007 states that all water transportation have to be clean from vector and rodent. The objective of this study was to analyze correlation between ship sanitation and cockroach density. The design of this study was cross sectional. Samples was 30 ship that were docked at Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya in October 2015. Sampling method was using accidental sampling. Data were obtained by questionnaire and observation Data were analyzed with Spearman correlation test. The result showed that 40.00% had high risk of health disorder and 91.67% of 40.00% was found high cockroach density There was a signifi cant correlation between ships sanitation and cockroach density. Not only all bins were not equipped with lid and water resistant materials but also poor personal hygiene of food handlers. It can be concluded that there was a correlation between ship sanitation and cockroach density. It is suggested to improve and maintain ship sanitation by equipping all of bins with lid and water resistant material and by increasing the personal hygiene of food handlers.Keywords: vessel sanitation, cockroach density, motor vessel
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Sofiyan, Sofiyan, und Soedjajadi Keman. „Ship Sanitation and Sanitary Behavior of the Crew Influences to the Presence of Rats on Cargo Ship in the Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya“. JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 9, Nr. 2 (27.07.2018): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v9i2.2017.145-153.
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Sanitary inspection intended to eliminate environmental risk factors in the ships to break the chain disease transmission in order to maintain and enhance the health status. Based on data from 2015 the Port Health Office class I Surabaya, during the ships inspection there are found 23 rats from 2734 ships. The existence of the rats on the cargo ship is very harmful, which can caused disease and damaged food material in cargo ship. The tendency of rats existence on board as media transmission of the disease, is the reason for researchers to identify the level of sanitation review and behavior of crew that affecting the existence of rats on cargo ship in the Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya. That research aimed to analyze the level of sanitation and behavior of crew that affects the existence of rats. This study was an observational study with cross sectional study design, sampling for ship sanitation in research using accidental sampling, behavior of crew using the proportional random sampling method. The research variables are behavior of crew and ship sanitation. The primary data were collected by observation, indepth interviews, and questionnaires. Secondary data collected from the Port Health Office Class I Surabaya. Statistical test with multiple regression showed that behavior of crew significant effect on the existence of rat in cargo ship. The results using ship sanitation level variables sig. 0.043 means that the behavior of crew variable significant effect on the presence of rats on a cargo ship, while for the ship sanitation variables sig. 0.0002, means that the variable ship sanitation very significantly affected on the presence of rats on a cargo ship. The conclusion of this study be found influences of the ship sanitation and behavior of crew against the presence of rats in cargo ship, so it needs to be disseminated to the crew of cargo ship in order to increase knowledge about ship sanitation, and the health effects of the presence of rats on a cargo ship.
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Syamsudin, Syamsudin, Vera Sabariah, Meike M. Lisangan, Zita L. Sarungallo, Hendri Hendri und Yuanike Kaber. „Kondisi Sanitasi Pada Kapal Kargo Di Wilayah Kerja Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan (KKP) Kelas III Manokwari“. Cassowary 4, Nr. 2 (01.06.2021): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/casssowary.cs.v4.i2.101.
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Ship sanitation and its environment are a mandate from International Health Regulation (IHR)2005 and the regulation of Ministry of Health Republic IndonesiaNo 40 Tahun 2015 that request all the ship in Indonesia territory should have a certificate of ship sanitation. This is due to prevent, protect and control spreading of diseases. This study aimed to analyze the sanitation condition of cargo ships in working area of Harbour Health Office (KKP) type III Manokwari. Research location was done in Manokwari Harbour on September to October 2020. Method used in this study was descriptive approach and direct observation. Sample was obtained by purposive sampling, that 13 (thirteen) cargo ships anchored in Manokwari. Variables observed included room sanitation, vector, foods and drinking water, and waste. Results showed that in general the sanitation of the 13 cargo ships was qualified good (91.21%), except for warehouse and medical facilitation. There were two ships (15.38%) unqualified because had no storage room for dry and wet foods. Moreover, six cargo ships (46.15%) had no medical facilitation according to the requirement, but only some medicines without observation room and medical tools. On the other hands, the vector and disease-spread animals, management food and drinking water, as well as the waste management for 13 cargo ships were qualified.
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Wijaya, Ryan Satria, Aldi Kaputra, Naufal Abdurrahman Prasetyo, Hendawan Soebhakti, Senanjung Prayoga, Anugerah Wibisana, Rifqi Amalya Fatekha, Eko Rudiawan Jamzuri und Mochamad Ari Bagus Nugroho. „Omni-directional Movement on the MRT PURVI Ship Robot“. Journal of Applied Electrical Engineering 7, Nr. 2 (22.12.2023): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jaee.v7i2.6475.
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Ship transportation is the primary mode of trade and transportation at sea in the maritime industry. Initially, humans employed ships as a method of pursuing and capturing fish or animals in aquatic environments. As the ship era progresses, it actively engages in all aspects pertaining to ships. Presently, the ship is propelled by its engine, which is a significant improvement over its initial reliance on wood or oars. In addition to engines, propellers are employed to transform the rotational motion of the engine into propulsive force in the marine environment. Propellers are also present on aircraft, serving the same purpose but positioned at various locations in the air. A thruster is a hybrid device that combines an engine and a propeller. This sort of thruster is specifically designed for use on tiny boats or prototypes, for the purpose of simulating, exhibiting, or participating in contests. ESC is a component that facilitates the alteration of the input value to the intended velocity. In addition to their primary function of fulfilling food requirements, ships are presently employed in diverse capacities, including military vessels, tourist vessels, submarines, passenger ships, and more.
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Wilewska-Bien, Magda, Lena Granhag, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Lasse Johansson und Karin Andersson. „Phosphorus flows on ships: Case study from the Baltic Sea“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 233, Nr. 2 (01.05.2018): 528–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475090218761761.
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Material flow analysis is used to identify and quantify the flow of phosphorus (P) in ship-generated food waste and wastewater. Passenger, cruise, RoPax and cargo ships in the Baltic Sea were investigated in three scenarios: (1) if all waste is discharged to sea, (2) if all waste is disposed of ashore or (3) if the food waste fraction is disposed of ashore and wastewater is treated on-board. About 107 tonnes of P is generated annually in the waste streams, with highest contribution of approximately 62 tonnes (58%) from wastewater in the ship-category RoPax. Approximately 24 tonnes of P is contained in the food waste generated by the ships in the study. Forthcoming regulations over allowed nutrient concentrations in sewage will lead to 80% reduction in P from passenger ships and can reduce about 31 tonnes of P entering the Baltic Sea environment. If both sewage and grey water instead are offloaded in port reception facilities, about 76 tonnes of P-reduction to the sea can be reached. As most phosphorus recovery practices currently only are available on land it is recommended to direct the waste streams to port reception facilities for further treatment ashore.
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Arasli, Huseyin, Mehmet Bahri Saydam und Hasan Kilic. „Cruise Travelers’ Service Perceptions: A Critical Content Analysis“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 17 (19.08.2020): 6702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176702.
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This paper examines the main elements of online reviews left by popular cruise ships’ travelers. The eight most popular cruise ships were selected. We aimed to pinpoint the service quality experiential perceptions of cruise travelers regarding their higher or lower value for money ratings. Leximancer 4.5 software was used to derive the linkage and co-occurrence between service concepts in the online narratives of 2000 guests from Cruisecritic.com. The evaluation showed 10 areas addressed by the descriptions of the cruise’s perceived quality. These are “ship,” “staff,” “food,” “entertainment,” “room,” “area,” “embarkation,” “excursion” “disembarkation,” and “port.” Furthermore, the results highlight themes like “ship,” “staff,” “food,” “entertainment,” “room,” and “area” as belonging to the high-satisfaction group (excellent/very good), while “embarkation,” “disembarkation,” “excursion,” and “port” belong to the low-satisfaction group (poor/terrible). The study offers useful insights into cruise travelers’ general perceived experience according to user-generated content, and enables the identification of the main themes associated with different satisfaction groups.
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Dasi, Idharsyah Termanu, Agus Setyobudi und Mustakim Sahdan. „Study of Sanitation Levels of Passenger Ships Boying at Tenau Port“. Cross Current International Journal of Medical and Biosciences 4, Nr. 3 (19.07.2022): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijmb.2022.v04i03.003.
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Ship sanitation is one of the efforts at environmental risk factors on ships to break the chain of disease transmission in order to maintain and enhance health status .Poor ship sanitation will cause many problems in terms of physical, health, aesthetics and human survival The aim of this study is to know the description of the sanitation conditions on passenger ships that docked at the Kupang Tenau Port in 20 22. The type of this study is descriptive. Population in this study is all passenger ships that dock at the Port of Tenau Kupang from 4 to 17 March 2022 totaling 8 vessels. Accidental Sampling is a technuque for taking sample in this study (which is coincidenceany) totaling 8 ships. Instrument in this study used form of sanitation inspection from Health Office shipport. The results showing that on deck sanitation aspect there are 2 (25%) ships no fulfil condition on aspect cleanliness and good was neatly arranged and 6 (75%) ships fulfil terms. On aspect sanitationof crew member's room and passenger's room there are 5 (62.5%) not fulfil condition on aspect cleanliness and 3 (37.5%) ships fulfil terms. On aspect sanitation bathroom and tailet 8 (100%) boats no fulfil condition on aspect no smells fierce, 1 (12.5%) no fulfil condition on aspect good function and 8 (100%) ships fulfil condition on aspect cleanliness, not a place to store goods and there are no insects. On aspect sanitation kitchenof the 4 ships made inspection whole boat no fulfil condition on aspect wash equipment with hot water and 3 (75%) ships not have trash cover. On aspect sanitation room cooler thera are 4 (100%) vessels full conditions (100%). On aspect sanitation warehouse supply boat there are 1 (25%) ship no fulfil condition on aspect cleanliness and 3 (75%) ships fulfil terms. On aspect sanitation handler food there are 4 (100%) ships fulfil conditions (100%). On aspect sanitation clean water supply there are 8 (100%) vessels full conditions (100%). Conclusion from 8 (100%) ships ther
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Yang, Mingxi, Thomas G. Bell, Frances E. Hopkins und Timothy J. Smyth. „Attribution of atmospheric sulfur dioxide over the English Channel to dimethyl sulfide and changing ship emissions“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, Nr. 8 (18.04.2016): 4771–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4771-2016.
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Abstract. Atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2) was measured continuously from the Penlee Point Atmospheric Observatory (PPAO) near Plymouth, United Kingdom, between May 2014 and November 2015. This coastal site is exposed to marine air across a wide wind sector. The predominant southwesterly winds carry relatively clean background Atlantic air. In contrast, air from the southeast is heavily influenced by exhaust plumes from ships in the English Channel as well as near Plymouth Sound. A new International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulation came into force in January 2015 to reduce the maximum allowed sulfur content in ships' fuel 10-fold in sulfur emission control areas such as the English Channel. Our observations suggest a 3-fold reduction in ship-emitted SO2 from 2014 to 2015. Apparent fuel sulfur content calculated from coincidental SO2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) peaks from local ship plumes show a high level of compliance to the IMO regulation (> 95 %) in both years (∼ 70 % of ships in 2014 were already emitting at levels below the 2015 cap). Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is an important source of atmospheric SO2 even in this semi-polluted region. The relative contribution of DMS oxidation to the SO2 burden over the English Channel increased from about one-third in 2014 to about one-half in 2015 due to the reduction in ship sulfur emissions. Our diel analysis suggests that SO2 is removed from the marine atmospheric boundary layer in about half a day, with dry deposition to the ocean accounting for a quarter of the total loss.
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Ojak, W. „Vibrations and Waterborne Noise on Fishery Vessels“. Journal of Ship Research 32, Nr. 02 (01.06.1988): 112–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1988.32.2.112.
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The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations granted a fellowship to the author to study, at several European ship research institutes, the problem of noise generation and propagation on fishery vessels. He later took part in the design of the fishery research vessel Prof. Siedlecki, which included the implementation of a series of antivibration and antinoise precautions. This paper compares vibration and noise levels on two fishery research vessels—the conventional RV G.O.Sars and RV Prof. Siedlecki. The paper is divided into two parts. In the first part, mechanical vibrations of the elastically supported propeller are dealt with and conditions for minimum vibration response are determined. In the second part, structural vibrations in the ships and noise propagation from the ships to the water are described. The paper concludes with data on structural vibrations and waterborne noise propagation. This paper, and the paper published in the June 1984 issue of JOURNAL OF SHIP RESEARCH [1],2 completes the author's approach to propeller vibrations.
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GIBBS, R. A., R. NANYONJO, N. M. PINGAULT, B. G. COMBS, T. MAZZUCCHELLI, P. ARMSTRONG, G. TARLING und G. K. DOWSE. „An outbreak of Cyclospora infection on a cruise ship“. Epidemiology and Infection 141, Nr. 3 (12.06.2012): 508–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812001197.
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SUMMARYIn 2010, an outbreak of cyclosporiasis affected passengers and crew on two successive voyages of a cruise ship that departed from and returned to Fremantle, Australia. There were 73 laboratory-confirmed and 241 suspected cases of Cyclospora infection reported in passengers and crew from the combined cruises. A case-control study performed in crew members found that illness was associated with eating items of fresh produce served onboard the ship, but the study was unable conclusively to identify the responsible food(s). It is likely that one or more of the fresh produce items taken onboard at a south-east Asian port during the first cruise was contaminated. If fresh produce supplied to cruise ships is sourced from countries or regions where Cyclospora is endemic, robust standards of food production and hygiene should be applied to the supply chain.
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Dwicahya, Bambang, und Firdawati Datua Adam. „Gambaran Higiene Sanitasi Pada Kapal di Pelabuhan Rakyat Luwuk“. Jurnal Kesmas Untika Luwuk : Public Health Journal 10, Nr. 1 (30.06.2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51888/phj.v10i1.3.
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Pengawasan higiene sanitasi kapal dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi ancaman penyakit global dan masalah kesehatan darurat sehingga kapal bebas dari sumber penularan penyakit khususnya penyakit yang berpotensi wabah. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas III Palu wilayah kerja Luwuk jumlah kapal yang bersandar di Pelabuhan Rakyat Luwuk sebayak 19 kapal dan memiliki potensi sanitasi higiene yang buruk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk memperoleh gambaran higiene sanitasi pada kapal di Pelabuhan Rakyat Luwuk. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah kapal penumpang yang sandar di Pelabuhan Rakyat Luwuk. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 19 kapal dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu total sampling. Jenis data primer. Variabel penelitian ini adalah dapur dan ruang rakit makanan, kamar ABK/penumpang, gudang, sampah dan persediaan air dalam kapal. Analisa data secara univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari 19 kapal penumpang yang diinspeksi mengenai higiene sanitasi kapal semuanya tidak memenuhi syarat. Saran dalam penelitian ini agar pihak KKP wilayah kerja Luwuk dapat meningkatkan sistem pengawasan dan pemeriksaan sanitasi kapal.
Supervision of vessel sanitation hygiene is carried out to anticipate the threat of global diseases and emergency health problems so that the ship is free from sources of transmission of diseases, especially potential outbreaks. Based on data obtained from the Class III Port Health Office in Palu in the Luwuk working area, the number of ships resting at Luwuk People's Port is 19 ships and has the potential for poor hygiene sanitation. The purpose of this study is to obtain an overview of sanitation hygiene on ships at the Luwuk People's Port. This type of research is descriptive. Primary data type. The variables of this study are the kitchen and food raft room, ABK / passenger room, warehouse, garbage and water supply in the ship. This study uses univariate analysis in which to see the frequency distribution of each study variable. The population in this study is passenger ships that dock at Luwuk People's Port. The sample in this study amounted to 19 ships using a sampling technique that is total sampling. The results showed that of the 19 passenger ships inspected for ship sanitation hygiene all did not meet the requirements. Suggestions in this research are that the KKP of the Luwuk working area can improve the system of supervision and inspection of ship sanitation.
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Hengjinda, P., und Joy Iong-Zong Chen. „Prediction of Energy Consumption by Ships at the port using Deep Learning“. June 2021 3, Nr. 2 (30.07.2021): 124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jeea.2021.2.005.
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The harbours using green ports have become a common mode of enabling the use of environment friendly energy consumption. In this paper, two major contributions are made: reduction of energy consumption in the ports by using ships; prediction of energy consumption with respect to a green port. The characteristics that will play a crucial role in energy consumption of ships are considered and a detailed analysis has been performed to predict the energy consumed by the ships. Deep learning methodologies such as, K-Nearest Regression (KNR), Linear Regression (LR), BP Network (BP), Random Forest Regression (RF) and Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR) are used to determine the different characteristics of the ships that are used while the external features of the ports are given as input. To determine the efficiency of the proposed work, k-fold cross validation is also incorporated. Based on feature importance, the crucial features of the algorithm are selected. The influence of different changing aspects on the ship's energy usage is identified, and reduction methods are implemented appropriately. According to the observed data, the most essential factors that may be utilised to estimate energy consumption of the ship are efficiency of facilities, actual weight, deadweight tonnage, and net tonnage. As the efficiency increases, there is also a significant reduction and the power consumption of the ship at the rate of 8% and 32% in port and berth respectively.
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Asrifah, Rofiatul, und Novera Herdiani. „Literature Review: Faktor Sanitasi Kapal dengan Keberadaan Vektor di Kapal“. KESMAS UWIGAMA: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 7, Nr. 1 (25.02.2022): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/kujkm.v7i1.1178.
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Background:
Ship are related to public health because they allow the spread of disease due to public health risk factors, one of which is the presence of vectors that can trigger disease exchange in human. The existence of vectors on board is caused by poor sanitation such as bad hygiene, inadequate lighting and ventilation, bad food storage, and scattered garbage that is not properly disposed of.
Objectives:
This literature review aims to determine the relationship between ship sanitation factors and the presence of vectors on ship
Research Metodes:
This study use the literature review method by searching for journals on the google scholar database and one search (2010-2020). The keyword used are "ship sanitation with vector presence", "ship sanitation and presence of vectors" and "ship and vector sanitation".
Results:
The result obtained on google scholar 150 articles and one search 16 articles where only 11 articles match this study. The result of this study, unqualified ship compartments namely kitchen and warehouse, due to ineligible hygiene, do not have adequate trash cans, and are free of insects and rat. The presence of cockroach vectors tends to be found on passenger ships and the presence of mosquito and mouse vectors tends to be found on cargo ship.
Conclusion:
The conclusion in this study is that ship sanitation factors are related to the existence of vectors. The advice given is to increase routine ship sanitation checks by the Port Health Office officers.
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Supardin, Sriwani. „Correlation of Ship Sanitation with Cockroach Density in Kendari Port Area“. MIRACLE Journal Of Public Health 4, Nr. 1 (28.06.2021): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36566/mjph/vol4.iss1/243.
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Ship sanitation is an indicator of vessel cleanliness, vector control in 2017 no high-risk vessels were found, in 2018 there were 7 high-risk vessels and in 2019 there were 15 high-risk vessels. This study aims to determine the relationship between kitchen sanitation, food raft space and warehouse with cockroach density on ships in the Kendari port area. This type of research is an observational, Cross-Sectional Study design. The population is all ships berthed in the Kendari port area as many as 41 ships and a sample of 37 vessels taken by purposive sampling. Data analysis used fisher's exact test. The results showed that of the 37 ships, the highest density of cockroaches met the requirements (75.7%), the rest did not meet the requirements (24.3%). The kitchen sanitation met the requirements (75.7%), the rest did not meet the requirements (24.3%), then the food raft room sanitation met the requirements (83.8%) and did not meet the requirements (16.2%). Furthermore, warehouse sanitation fulfills the requirements (62.2%) and does not meet the requirements (37.8%). The results of Fisher's exact test obtained p value (0,000). The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between kitchen sanitation, food raft space and warehouse with cockroach density on ships in the Kendari port area. Suggestions for the KKP to establish policies to prevent cockroach development.
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Yusfianda, Ahmad Ramadhan, Hananta Diatmaja, Aditya Rio Prabowo, Tuswan Tuswan, Teguh Muttaqie, Nurul Muhayat, Joung Hyung Cho, Wibowo Wibowo und Emel Mixsa Muslimy. „Developing Hull Design Based on the Hydrodynamic Criteria: An Application for Leisure Boats as a Tourist Facility“. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research 13, Nr. 3 (2024): 368–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijmerr.13.3.368-385.
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The tourism sector plays a vital role in the Indonesian economy. Indonesia’s mainstay tourism sector is coastal tourism. Biodiversity and marine wealth in coastal areas are essential potentials to support sustainable development in Indonesia. For example, the Raja Ampat Islands have made tourism a leading sector for sustainable development. Currently, transportation in Indonesian maritime tourism is still dominated by ships with traditional hull models with poor hydrodynamic performance. Therefore, it is necessary to update the leisure boat model to have better hydrodynamic performance so that tourists can travel more safely and comfortably. In this study, an update of the leisure boat hull model was carried out by conducting a hydrodynamic analysis on five reference ships with Length Overalls (LOAs) of 6–8 m. After, the dimensions were processed with the regression method to obtain the proposed ship dimensions with three boat hull variation models and three dimensions variations. Following this, the hydrodynamic characteristics of each ship were analyzed using regression sensitivity to find the effect of each model variation, so it can help give further consideration while designing the ship. Each model analyzed was given points to obtain the best results with the Multiattribute Decision-Making (MADM) method. The results of this study found that making a hull model using the regression method with the deep vee model with dimension variation 1 had the best hydrodynamic characteristics. The results of this study are also expected to give reference and help consider the design of leisure boat hull models.
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Stevens, Samson C., und Michael G. Parsons. „Effects of Motion at Sea on Crew Performance: A Survey“. Marine Technology and SNAME News 39, Nr. 01 (01.01.2002): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2002.39.1.29.
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Current efforts to minimize ship crews now more than ever require all persons on board to be fully functional and capable of conducting their prescribed duties and responsibilities. However, inherent in the nature of any maritime profession, ships and, therefore, people are exposed to a multitude of motions as a result of weather and sea conditions. Coincident with these motions are a host of physiological, biomechanical, and psychological responses that can quickly reduce even the best efforts of the crew to a fraction of their utility when performed on a stable platform. Ship motions limit a crew's ability to perform essential command, control, and communications functions, navigation tasks, maintenance responsibilities, and even the preparation of food. Additionally, and more importantly, emergency situations may become more threatening in a situation where only a portion of the crew is able to respond effectively. This survey is intended to provide a working knowledge of effects of ship motions on crew performance, fatigue, and motivation. This information can then be used to improve ship and equipment design, and lead to enhanced vessel effectiveness and performance and, more importantly, to enhanced safety of the individuals on board. As ship design evolves and crew sizes decrease, greateremphasis must be placed upon the human factor input in order to ensure safety and efficiency during both routine and emergency operations.
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Perez, Lia E., Caroline Desponts, Nancy Parquet und William G. Kerr. „SH2-Containing-5′Inositol Phosphatase-1 (SHIP) Regulates Megakaryocytic Progenitors Numbers (MKP) and Determines Megakaryocyte (MK) In Vivo Localization.“ Blood 104, Nr. 11 (16.11.2004): 2780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.2780.2780.
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Abstract SH2-containing-5′inositol phosphatase-1 (SHIP), via removal of the 5′ phosphate group from PI(3,4,5) P3 (PIP3), influences signals downstream of cytokine/chemokine receptors that play a key role in megakaryocytopoiesis. Thombopoietin (TPO) influences megakaryocytes (MK) development by controlling their proliferation, differentiation and survival. SHIP phosphorylation, resulting from TPO receptor activation (c-mpl) influences MK cycling and proliferation. Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) induces transendothelial MK migration facilitating platelet shedding. SHIP-deficient myeloid progenitors exhibit enhanced chemotaxis towards SDF-1/CXCL-12, indicating SHIP influences signaling downstream of its receptor (CXCR-4). In addition, colony-forming-unit-MK are decreased in SHIP−/− bone marrow (BM) and SHIP regulates PIP3 levels after thrombin or collagen platelet activation. To further explore SHIP effects on megakaryocytopoiesis, we measured MK compartment size, by flow cytometry, in mice with SHIP promoter/first exon deletion (SHIP−/−) and with inositol phosphatase deletion (SHIPΔIP/ΔIP) in order to confirm that the observed phenotype is highly penetrant. Lin− cKit+ CD41+ (n=5/strain), representing MK progenitors (MKP), were statistically significantly increased in BM (3-fold in SHIP−/− and SHIPΔIP/ΔIP), spleen (18-fold in SHIP−/−; 50.8-fold in SHIPΔIP/ΔIP) and peripheral blood (PB) (2.4-fold in SHIPΔIP/ΔIP) compared to their wild type (WT) littermates; not reaching statistical significance in SHIP−/− PB (1.6-fold). These findings suggest that SHIP may control MKP homeostasis. Lin− cKit- CD41+ (n=5), representing mature MK, were statistically significantly decreased in BM (2.6-fold in SHIP−/−; 2.2-fold in SHIPΔIP/ΔIP), increased in spleen (11-fold in SHIP−/−; 26.7-fold in SHIPΔIP/ΔIP) and PB (7.7-fold in SHIP−/−; 2.6-fold in SHIPΔIP/ΔIP); suggesting that SHIP may control MK redistribution. BM histopathology and Glycoprotein IIB/IIIa (CD41) immuno-staining showed that MK numbers were similar in SHIP−/− and WT, although morphologically we detected hypolobulated/micro (HM) MK in SHIP−/− and hyperlobulated (HL) MK in WT mice, consistent with MKP and MK flow cytometry phenotype respectively. Spleen histopathology and CD41 immuno-staining showed that the MK numbers were increased in SHIP−/−; cells with HM and HL morphology were present. These findings suggest that SHIP may control pathways that mediate MK localization and/or migration. Mean platelet numbers (0.95 x 106/μL SHIP−/−; 0.75 x 106/μL SHIPΔIP/ΔIP) were not significantly different compared to WT (1x 106/μL SHIP−/− and SHIPΔIP/ΔIP) although splenomegaly in SHIP−/− animals may prevent an increase in circulating platelets. In conclusion, SHIP regulates essential signaling pathways that control megakaryocytopoiesis in vivo. SHIP enzymatic activity could be targeted to increase MKP pool to enable this compartment to replenish platelets more rapidly following chemotherapy and radiation treatment.
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Aurora, Christine Astrid, Dhaniswara K. Harjono und Binoto Nadapdap. „Optimalisasi Peran Hukum Perusahaan Pelayaran Terhadap Pencegahan Pencemaran Laut Oleh Sampah Sesuai Marine Pollution (Marpol) 73/78 Annex-V Dari Kapal“. Jurnal Syntax Admiration 4, Nr. 12 (29.12.2023): 2444–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v4i12.941.
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Plastic waste has a serious impact on the marine environment, threatening more than 800 marine species, and can affect the food chain down to humans. The aim of this research is firstly to find out, analyze and explain issues related to strategies for preventing marine pollution from ship waste. This research is normative legal research which considers research as analysis. The data analysis technique used is through data collected from legal materials with descriptions in effective, orderly and logical sentences so as to simplify the analysis of the results of the problem formulation. Results of the research Currently, MARPOL Regulation 73/78 Annex V is an important international legal instrument to prevent marine pollution by waste from ships. This regulation prohibits the dumping of waste into the sea, except under certain conditions. In the implementation and management of waste on board ships, activities ranging from waste collection to disposal, must all be carried out in accordance with the procedures regulated in Annex V MARPOL 73/78, if If waste management is not carried out according to predetermined procedures, waste dumping will occur anywhere and wherever the ship is located so that in the future waste that is thrown carelessly can cause pollution in the sea.
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Addiss, D. G., J. C. Yashuk, D. E. Clapp und P. A. Blake. „Outbreaks of diarrhoeal illness on passenger cruise ships, 1975–85“. Epidemiology and Infection 103, Nr. 1 (August 1989): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800030363.
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SummaryWe reviewed data from the Vessel Sanitation Program (VSP), established by the US Public Health Service in 1975, to describe the epidemiology of shipboard diarrhoeal outbreaks, determine the risk of outbreak-related illness among cruise ship passengers, and evaluate changes in rates and patterns of shipboard diarrhoeal illness since the VSP was implemented. When the programme began, none of the cruise ships passed periodic VSP sanitation inspections; since 1978, more than 50% of ships have met the standard each year. On cruises lasting 3–15 days and having at least 100 passengers, diarrhoeal disease outbreaks investigated by the Centers for Disease Control decreased from 8·1 to 3·0 per 10 million passenger days between 1975–79 and 1980–85. The proportion of outbreaks due to bacterial pathogens (36%) did not change. Seafood cocktail was implicated in 8 of 13 documented food-borne outbreaks. The risk of diarrhoeal disease outbreaks on cruise ships appears to have decreased since implementation of the VSP but has not been eliminated.
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Husár, Štefan. „Gear of hidrauličke pumpe za brodsku opremu“. Naše more 63, Nr. 3 (Juni 2016): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/nm/2016/si6.
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Arti Sahu und Waqar M. Naqvi. „Floating countries and corona pandemic: Impact of COVID-19 on stranded Cruise ships“. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL1 (03.08.2020): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.2702.
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Cruise ships transport a significant number of people in confined spaces over an extended period than other modes of transportation, thereby presenting a unique environment to elevate human-to-human transmitted infections. The overcrowded public rooms, congested accommodations, standard food supplies, and shared sanitary facilities encourage the transmission of infectious diseases by affected persons and through contaminated food, water and surfaces. A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) originating from Wuhan, China in November 2019 spread globally. Unfortunately, Diamond Princess is the first cruise ship on board to have an outbreak of COVID-19 with 3711 passengers and crew members. It began from Yokohama on January 20, 2020, and was supposed to return to Yokohama on February 3 2020. An 80-year-old male passenger, who debarked in Hong Kong on January 25 2020, tested positive for COVID-19 on February 1. Diamond Princess was immediately ordered to stay in the ocean and follow quarantine measures near Yokohama from February 3 onwards. Several other cruise ships such as the Grand Princess, MS Westerdam, Zaandam, etc. had COVID-19 outbreaks onboard. The failure to isolate the crew at the very beginning of quarantine resulted in further transmission of the virus to the passengers and crew. In conclusion, the compact conditions in the cruise ships with high population density amplified the transmission of COVID-19, mainly driven by contact rate and mixing effects.
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Akmaykin, Denis, Viktor Mihailovich Grinyak, Viktoriya Valer'evna Bocharova und Oleg Alekseevich Bukin. „A method of satellite hydrometeorological information operational correction in a ship's navigation area using sub-satellite measurements“. Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2024, Nr. 1 (29.02.2024): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2024-1-121-130.
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The problem of assessing the state of the sea surface by combining satellite and ship measurements is considered. Information about the strength and direction of the wind at the sea surface is important to ensure safe navigation and planning of vessel transit routes. It is of key importance for weather forecasting and excitement. Wind data is traditionally obtained from passing ships and buoys. Ship data covers only limited areas of the World Ocean and is received unevenly, buoy data is highly sparse, which makes it impossible to obtain an adequate picture of the distribution of atmospheric currents. The use of remote sensing satellites has made it possible to increase the density of measurements of wind speed and direction by orders of magnitude, and the relevance of the data obtained. However, satellite measurements can be distorted. In particular, the influence of atmospheric precipitation (rain) can give a two-fold error in measuring wind speed. Strong and weak winds also create problems: in strong winds, the measured data underestimate the true wind speed, in weak winds they overestimate. A method for correcting satellite data on wind speed and direction is proposed. The essence of the method is to use subsatellite ship measurements in conjunction with satellite information. Knowing the weather data measured locally (from the ship), it is possible to calculate regression parameters for correcting satellite data. By applying regressions with calculated parameters to satellite images in the water area, it is possible to obtain more accurate weather data in the area of the vessel's route. The results of calculations based on real satellite and on-board data in the waters of the Sea of Okhotsk are presented. A polynomial of the second degree is taken as a regression function. It is shown that the correction using subsatellite ship measurements more accurately characterizes the wave than the data directly received from the satellite.
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Bogomazova, Anastasya A. „Sea Vessels of the Onega Cross Monastery in 1657–60“. Herald of an archivist, Nr. 4 (2023): 995–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-4-995-1005.
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The recent years have seen a growing scholars’ interest in the Russian North exploration, sea expeditions of the 16th–20th centuries, and fishing industry and maritime culture of the Pomor Russians. Northern monasteries, which owned salt and fishing industries along the shores of the White Sea, played an important role in the exploration of the North and in the development of traditional Russian shipbuilding and navigation. Thus, the Solovetsky Monastery had its own fleet in the 16th – 17th centuries. Unlike the Solovetsky Monastery’s fleet, ship economy of other Northern monasteries remains fragmentarily studied. The article analyzes first steps of the Onega Cross Monastery in creation of its own fleet: types of vessels, methods of their acquisition. The main sources are Transfer book (otvodnaya kniga) of the Onega Cross Monastery (1657) and account books for February 1657 – March 1661, stored in the fond of the Onega Cross Monastery in the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA). While the Transfer Book (i.e. inventory of the monastic property) recorded presence or absence of ships in a certain year, the account books traced their movement. The monastery’s account books are a valuable source on the history of its ship economy, containing various data on the monastery’s vessels: they record ships purchase and fitting-out, construction orders, and sales; names of artisans and of sellers or buyers; hire and lease of ships; their repair; hiring of the so-called “Boat Cossacks” (hired workers) and captains; captains’ names. The study is based on historical-genetic method. It shows that the monastery bought sea vessels from its very founding. The earliest mention of a sea vessel (karbass) purchase is recorded in the monastery’s account book and dated May 1657. In 1657–60, the monastery used karbasses and boats (pavozkas) for shallow water deliveries. The monastery yearly ordered construction of several vessels of each type or bought them; names of sellers or craftsmen were indicated. All of them were residents of villages on the Onega. The monastery also sold several ships.
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Mahmud, Mohd Redza Bin. „Analysis Working Environment Among of Malaysian Seafarer's“. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, Nr. 4 (28.02.2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.d8489.0210421.
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Malaysian shipping industry is facing a crewing crisis the seriousness of which does not seem to have registered as a priority by the industry given the fact that the current deficit of about 10,000 could leap-fold to unprecedented levels in the next couple of years. The global shipping industry must come to grips quickly with the realities and the concerns on the emerging shortages and the demand for well-trained and experienced seafarers as the biggest challenge facing the shipping industry itself. The worldwide population of seafarers serving on internationally trading merchant ships today is estimated to be in the order of 400,000 officers and 825,000 ratings. As far as ratings are concerned they are, in the majority recruited from developing countries especially Malaysia. A staggering 20,000 new crew at an average of 15 crews per ship will be needed to meet the demand annually and the number needed could be potentially more if attrition from those currently employees are also taken into account. The issue is not only the concern over the projected shortage of seafarers. There is need also to ensure that the seafarers are not burdened by the spate of new rules and regulations that are impacting on ship operations and management and how the human factor is accounted for and dealt with in these regulations. The seriousness could be clearly reflected when the number of ships currently on order worldwide totalling about 8,000 vessels with deliveries averaging 2,000 annually over the next three years and relate it to the demand for crew for each of these ships. Given the current rate of growth of the shipping industry, there is no easy solution or a quick-fix to the crewing crisis that could overwhelm the industry.
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Pan, Mingyang, Masaaki Inaishi, Xiaoyu Zhao und Akira Kawaguchi. „Grid Based Sensing Model for Autonomous Ship Agent“. Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation 118 (2008): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.9749/jin.118.83.
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34
Babu, P. K. Satheesh, A. Mathiazhagan und C. G. Nandakumar. „Corrosion Health Monitoring System for Steel Ship Structures“. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 5, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2014): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2014.v5.533.
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35
Waterman, Stephen H., Thomas A. Demarcus, Joy G. Wells und Paul A. Blake. „Staphylococcal food poisoning on a cruise ship“. Epidemiology and Infection 99, Nr. 2 (Oktober 1987): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800067820.
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SUMMARYTwo waves of vomiting and/or diarrhoea affected approximately 215 of the 715 passengers on a Caribbean cruise ship. The outbreak was independently associated with eating cream-filled pastries at two separate meals. Staphylococcus aureus phage type 85/+ was isolated from cases and pastry cooks, but not from controls. This is the first well-documented outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning on a cruise ship.
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PIOCH, Joanna, Mariusz CHMIELEWSKI, Renata PŁOSKA und Karol ŚLEDZIK. „COVID-19 Anchor for Cruise Tourism. An analysis of Gdańsk’s and Gdynia's Cruise Tourism in the 2017-2020 Period“. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 13, Nr. 1 (04.03.2022): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.1(57).24.
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In many Member States, European regions and cities, tourism is a key factor in the economic and social structure. The COVID-19 pandemic that broke out in 2020 caused significant losses in the tourism sector area in all European Union (EU) countries. This applies in particular to one of the elements of the tourism sector of any economy with access to the sea - the possibility of accepting cruise ships. This cruise tourism sector has also been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic.
The aim of this paper is to estimate the number of selected expenditures of passengers and cruise ship crews entering the ports of Gdańsk and Gdynia, which are a source of revenue for the region, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on limiting the growth of this tourism segment. Our study takes a holistic approach by estimating the amount of revenue generated by tourists arriving in the two ports in the Gulf of Gdańsk capable of handling large cruise ships. Based on the number of arriving tourists in 2017-2020, the study estimates the income of tourism enterprises that receive a direct cash inflow from offering services to arriving tourists.
The tourism sector that was particularly affected by the pandemic was cruise tourism. In 2020, this sector recorded an over 5-fold decrease in the number of cruise ship passengers. The conclusions of the study show that the number of cruise ships arriving in the analysed ports in 2020 decreased significantly compared to the previous year, similarly to other ports in the region. At the same time, the number of passengers visiting the analysed ports decreased substantially. Nevertheless, the dynamic growth of cruise tourism in the Baltic Sea basin, which began before the COVID-19 pandemic, allows for conclusions about further development of this tourism segment and its potential impact on the region’s economy after the crisis which occurred in 2020.
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Dorovskoy, Vladimir Alekseevich, Andrey Vladimirovich Degtyarev, Nadezhda Pavlovna Smetyuh und Anton Aleksandrovich Zinchenko. „Multifunctional simulator for providing ship with data on maneuverability“. Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2021, Nr. 3 (31.08.2021): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2021-3-14-22.
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The article presents the research analysis on the ship safety. It has been found out that due to the lack of a methodology for planning an algorithm for the maneuvering control system, there is no concept of solving technological problems or any understanding of what data are needed to perform the work. Despite the cybernetic devices and programs perform some part of the work and prepare the necessary data, the skipper does not understand how the device generates them. The task was to create a prototype that could allow to get data on the ship maneuverability. After the initial stage of training has been passed the skills should be obtained, which further will transform into the passive and stable abilities. The created hardware and software package allows implementing the concept of the guaranteed safety of maneuvering control in piloting vessels due to improving the methods of forming sustainable skills and bringing it to the automation level. It was recommended to use a simulator with visualization, to introduce the new algorithms of controlling the ship propulsion in the area of responsibility by coastal and to develop the recommendations on divergence, new training methods for pilots on shore. The conclusions were made on improving the level of information support by preparing subject-specific declarative knowledge and presenting it in an easily accessible form for perception when making decisions on maneuvering. The developed methodology is implemented in the training process of pilots in the training complex of Kerch State Maritime Technological University
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Syamsuar Manyullei, Steven Silalahi, Andi Murni Alwi Paluseri, Iyan Wahdaniyah, Hardin Waly, Wulan Ramadhani Jabalnur und Rudi Hendro Putranto. „Environment factors affecting cockroach density: A systematic review“. International Journal of Life Science Research Archive 3, Nr. 1 (30.07.2022): 001–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53771/ijlsra.2022.3.1.0048.
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Cockroaches are one of the insects that are vectors of disease transmission. Cockroaches are spread all over the world and are one of the most common pests on ships, airplanes and trucks especially in food storage areas. This research was conducted using a systematic review method which purposes to examine the literature that describes the factors that affect the density of cockroaches. From the results of several studies, it was found that the factors that affect the density of cockroaches are temperature, humidity, environmental sanitation and vector control efforts, both in residential areas, hospitals, storage warehouses and ship raft rooms. Temperature has a positive correlation with cockroach density. The higher the temperature of a place, the higher the density of cockroaches. Humidity has a negative correlation with cockroach density. The more humid a place is, the higher the presence of cockroaches. Environmental sanitation, including environmental cleanliness, food storage areas, no leftover food/organic materials left, basements/areas below must be kept dry, and reducing access of cockroaches to food places. Cockroach control efforts can be carried out by means of environmental management and chemical control.
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Zhang, Liang, Junmin Mou, Pengfei Chen und Mengxia Li. „Path Planning for Autonomous Ships: A Hybrid Approach Based on Improved APF and Modified VO Methods“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, Nr. 7 (11.07.2021): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070761.
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In this research, a hybrid approach for path planning of autonomous ships that generates both global and local paths, respectively, is proposed. The global path is obtained via an improved artificial potential field (APF) method, which makes up for the shortcoming that the typical APF method easily falls into a local minimum. A modified velocity obstacle (VO) method that incorporates the closest point of approach (CPA) model and the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS), based on the typical VO method, can be used to get the local path. The contribution of this research is two-fold: (1) improvement of the typical APF and VO methods, making up for previous shortcomings, and integrated COLREGS rules and good seamanship, making the paths obtained more in line with navigation practice; (2) the research included global and local path planning, considering both the safety and maneuverability of the ship in the process of avoiding collision, and studied the whole process of avoiding collision in a relatively entirely way. A case study was then conducted to test the proposed approach in different situations. The results indicate that the proposed approach can find both global and local paths to avoid the target ship.
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Putut, Putut Isworo Arimurti, Chaerul Basri und Denny Widaya Lukman. „Deteksi Virus African Swine Fever dari Sampah Makanan Kapal Laut Internasional di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok“. Acta VETERINARIA Indonesiana 9, Nr. 2 (19.08.2021): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/avi.9.2.112-119.
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ABSTRAK
Sampah makanan kapal dihasilkan dari sampah dapur dan atau restoran yang berasal dari kru kapal atau penumpang. Sampah makanan kapal laut internasional yang diturunkan di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok berpotensi sebagai media pembawa virus African swine fever (ASF) ke Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi keberadan virus ASF dari sampah makanan kapal laut internasional yang berasal atau transit dari negara tertular ASF di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok. Jumlah sampel dari setiap negara dihitung secara proporsional dari data jumlah frekuensi kedatangan kapal. Sebanyak 23 sampel pooling sampah makanan yang mengandung daging babi didapatkan dari 23 kapal yang berasal dari 5 negara tertular ASF yaitu China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Filipina, dan Korea Selatan. Sampel diuji dengan real-time PCR di Balai Besar Uji Standar Karantina Pertanian menggunakan kit ekstraksi dan master mix komersial serta primer King seperti yang direkomendasikan oleh OIE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari total 23 sampel yang diambil sebanyak 2 sampel positif (8,69%) mengandung virus ASF. Sampel positif tersebut berasal dari kapal China dan Filipina. Keberadaan virus ASF pada sampah makanan tersebut menunjukkan indikasi bahwa sampah makanan dari kapal laut internasional dapat menjadi jalur masuknya ASF ke Indonesia.
Kata kunci: African swine fever, sampah makanan, kapal laut, real-time PCR
ABSTRACT
Ship’s food waste was generated from the kitchen and or the restaurant originating from ships crews or passengers. International ship’s food waste that is disposed at Tanjung Priok Port has the potential to carry African swine fever (ASF) to Indonesia. This study is aimed to detect the presence of the ASF virus from international ship’s food waste originating or transiting from ASF-infected countries at Tanjung Priok Port. The number of samples from each country which was calculated proportionally from the data on the frequency of ship arrivals. A total of 23 pooling samples of food waste containing pork were obtained from 23 ships from 5 ASF-infected countries, i.e., China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Philippines, and South Korea. Samples were tested with real-time PCR at The Center for Diagnostic of Agricultural Quarantine using extraction kits and commercial master mixes and King’s primer as recommended by OIE. The results showed that from total of 23 samples, there were 2 positive samples (8.69%) containing the ASF virus. Those positive samples were from China and Philippines ships. The presence of the ASF virus in food waste indicates that food waste from international ships can be the entry route for ASF to Indonesia.
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Petridis, Christos, und Michael Vassilakopoulos. „Detecting Hull Fouling using Machine Learning Algorithms trained on Ship Propulsion Data to Improve Resource Management and Increase Environmental Benefits“. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-4/W4-2024 (31.05.2024): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-4-w4-2024-185-2024.
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Abstract. This study aims to develop a methodology to assess hull fouling based on ship propulsion data such as speed, draft and weather related data. Hull fouling is an unavoidable phenomenon in ships and results in higher fuel consumption and the maintenance frequency has be the optimal one. Despite the fact that until now this task has primarily relied on empirical rules, it turns out that it can be improved by employing machine learning techniques. Using data from clean-hull ships, we aim to isolate and consider only the weather in this study. Our goal is to replace empirical rules with machine learning, as the vast amount of data we possess can significantly aid us in this endeavor. It ends up to be a regression problem, and therefore, we experiment with several supervised algorithms using k-fold cross validation to finally select models based on ensemble methods or artificial neural networks. We propose the potential use of MLP Regressor, Random Forest Regressor and XGB Regressor since all of them yielded very good results in terms of some performance metrics. The timely detection of hull fouling can provide substantial benefits in terms of resource management and environmental sustainability.
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Jeřábek, Karel, Terezie Vondráčková und Věra Voštová. „Poboljšanje u proizvodnji koljenastih osovina za brodske motore“. Naše more 63, Nr. 4 (November 2016): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/nm/2016/4.6.
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Antoš, Karel. „Korištenje minimalnog razgranatog stabla radi optimizacije brodskog prijevoza“. Naše more 63, Nr. 3 (Juni 2016): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/nm/2016/si1.
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Patil, Dhanshri, Shailesh Kumar und J. Somasekar. „Assessment of Machine Learning Procedures for Forecasting Ship Fuel Ingestion“. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, Nr. 1 (08.01.2024): 1059–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0124.0202.
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Abotaleb, Mostafa, Janusz Mindykowski, Boleslaw Dudojc und Romuald Masnicki. „Digital Communication Links Cooperating with the Analog 4-20 mA Standard for Marine Applications“. Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics Section 67, Nr. 1 (01.03.2021): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bipie-2021-0002.
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Abstract The maritime industry makes a significant contribution to the globalized economy. One of the most important parts of the maritime industry is transport. Maritime transport by ships is the dominant means of transport for industrial products and food. Modern ships are increasingly automated. A characteristic feature of automation systems is the use of distributed monitoring and control systems with large distances between field devices and controllers. Among many methods of signal transmission, both in measurement and control, the dominant role in related to continuous signals is played by the two-wire 4-20 mA current standard. Despite its advantages, this standard has limitations mainly due to one-way transmission of information representing one measurement quantity. Programmable transducers are an alternative to analogue solutions. This carried out research concentrates on the full assessment of the properties of the considered methods of information transmission used so far with particular reference to the two-wire 4-20 mA standard. This assessment also takes into account the negative factors characterizing the sea-going ships, such as environmental conditions or problems resulting from the use of an isolated power grid. Additionally, a description of the available digital methods used for communication in ship automation systems will be presented. Firstly, description will be provided for HART protocol (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer), Foundation Fieldbus, Profibus PA and Modbus as communication protocols adopted by modern smart transducers as alternatives for classical analogue 4-20 mA transducers. Moreover, serial communication interfaces such as RS232, RS422 and RS485 will be discussed as means of communication between automation stations. In order to demonstrate the positive contribution for smart transmitters in measurement and control process, an experimental research has been conducted at the laboratories of Gdynia Maritime University, results of which will be discussed in detail in this article. Eventually, illustration will be provided for tank level measurement systems on a commercial ship as an example for measurement and control system mainly based on classical 4-20 mA current signal. Description will be provided for the problems associated with the system and their causes. Based on the conducted discussions, there will be recommendations of suggested solutions for such problems.
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Lee, Daniel W., Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos, Martin Carroll, Zak Whichard, Yanming Feng, Peter Stein, Samuel A. Jensen, Steven M. Kornblau und Seth J. Corey. „SHIP1 Is a Novel Tumor Suppressor in Late-Stage Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Is Silenced by Mir-210 and Mir-155.“ Blood 114, Nr. 22 (20.11.2009): 3824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.3824.3824.
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Abstract Abstract 3824 Poster Board III-760 INTRODUCTION. Early stages of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are characterized by rapid apoptosis, however, a loss of apoptosis occurs as the disease transforms into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The molecular basis surrounding this transformation remains unknown. Activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes have not been well established in MDS. We hypothesized that aberrant activation of the PI 3'kinase (PI3'K)/Akt pathway underlies this transformation. PTEN is a well-established tumor suppressor gene (TSG) that acts as a lipid phosphatase to negatively regulate the PI 3'kinase (PI3'K)/Akt pathway. Another lipid phosphatase, SHIP1, also regulates the levels of phosphoinositides and is expressed specifically in hematopoietic cells. To date, SHIP1 has not been shown to be a TSG in human cancer. METHODS. We performed western blotting on CD3+/CD19+-depleted bone marrow mononuclear cells from patients with late stage MDS (blast count >20%). We performed immunohistochemistry on bone marrow sections from patients with various stages of MDS. We performed qPCR for SHIP, PTEN, and microRNAs on CD34+ cells from patients or normal controls. We performed luciferase reporter assays and evaluated the effects of transfection of pre-miR or antagomir to miR-210 on SHIP1 levels in cell lines. Lastly, we developed a deterministic model involving Monte Carlo simulations for determining the effects of miR expression on protein levels. RESULTS. There was constitutive activation of Akt, but not ERK1/2, in MDS enriched cells. As disease progressed, bone marrow specimens showed increasing amounts of phospho-Akt. Protein expression of PTEN was decreased, and there was an absence of SHIP1 (in contrast to de novo AML). This was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Using a SHIP1 construct with a mutation in its phosphatase domain (SHIP1D673G), we demonstrated a reduction in phosphatase activity and an increase of phospho-Akt. Transient transfection of 293T cells, resulted in a greater proportion of apoptotic cells with wild-type SHIP1 as compared to the phosphatase-defective SHIP1 mutant. Transfection of primary AML cells with WT, but not the phosphatase-defective mutant, resulted in a decreased number of spontaneously growing colonies suggesting that SHIP1 can act as a tumor suppressor in human myeloid disease. Since transcripts for SHIP1 were modestly decreased in CD34+ cells from MDS patients, we postulated that the reduction in SHIP1 protein levels may be due instead to translational repression by a microRNA (miR). We found that the levels of miR-210 and miR-155, both predicted to bind to the 3' UTR of SHIP1, were significantly higher (2-3 fold) in CD34+ cells from late stage MDS patients as compared to control donors. miR-155 has been shown to translationally repress SHIP1 levels. To test whether miR-210 was able to repress translation of SHIP1, we studied cells expressing a luciferase reporter fused to the 3' UTR of SHIP1. We found a 30% reduction in luciferase activity in cells transfected with pre-miR-210, as compared with control miR, suggesting miR-210 acts to silence SHIP1 translation. Antagomir to miR-210 increased SHIP1 expression in THP-1 cells, and pre-miR for miR-210 decreased levels in U937 cells. Based on experimental and published data, we constructed a deterministic model for protein expression that predicts that miRs have a substantial impact on protein levels (v. transcription rates and protein degradation). The model also predicts that miRs have an additive effect on protein level, reducing the levels of SHIP-1 in MDS patients by up to 50%. CONCLUSIONS: There was absence of SHIP1 and decreased levels of PTEN in MDS enriched cells from late stage disease. Silencing of SHIP1 occurs in late stage MDS by elevated expression of mir-210 and mir-155. As predicted by the mouse knockout, SHIP1 behaves as a myeloid tumor suppressor in human cancer. Our studies suggest that loss of SHIP1 could serve as a clinical biomarker for disease progression and that targeting of microRNAs might serve as a novel target in MDS. Disclosures: Carroll: Sanofi Aventis Corp: Research Funding; Cephalon Oncoloy: Consultancy.
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Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka, Lasse Johansson, Magda Wilewska-Bien, Lena Granhag, Erik Ytreberg, K. Martin Eriksson, Daniel Yngsell et al. „Modelling of discharges from Baltic Sea shipping“. Ocean Science 17, Nr. 3 (28.05.2021): 699–728. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-699-2021.
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Abstract. This paper describes the new developments of the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM) which enable the modelling of pollutant discharges to water from ships. These include nutrients from black/grey water discharges as well as from food waste. Further, the modelling of contaminants in ballast, black, grey and scrubber water, bilge discharges, and stern tube oil leaks are also described as well as releases of contaminants from antifouling paints. Each of the discharges is regulated by different sections of the IMO MARPOL convention, and emission patterns of different pollution releases vary significantly. The discharge patterns and total amounts for the year 2012 in the Baltic Sea area are reported and open-loop SOx scrubbing effluent was found to be the second-largest pollutant stream by volume. The scrubber discharges have increased significantly in recent years, and their environmental impacts need to be investigated in detail.
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Bayu Al Fahmi Liddin und Erifive Pranatal. „Analisis Stability Berdasarkan IMO Pada Kapal Crew Boat 40M“. JURAL RISET RUMPUN ILMU TEKNIK 2, Nr. 2 (14.08.2023): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jurritek.v2i2.1696.
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Crew Boat is a ship used to transport crews and supply food, water, and equipment to support offshore oil drilling activities. The crew boat 40 M was built at PT. FGH has a hull of 12 people and a passenger carrying capacity of 70 people. This ship also has 3 prime movers so that the ship can go at speeds of up to 25 knots. When the ship operates from the port to the oil drilling site carrying full passengers and other equipment that supports the oil drilling, it is expected that this Crew Boat ship is expected to be able to carry passengers and other equipment stably or not sway. So this research was conducted to determine the stability of the Crew Boat. Ship stability is obtained by modeling using the Maxsurf modeler to make a ship hull model and also using Maxsurf Stability with 3 different loadings. Obtained from the research results of the Crew Boat 40 M ship built at PT.FGH meets the modification criteria with IMO Intact Stability and the ship is suitable for use according to its function.
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Rauh, M. J., J. Kalesnikoff, M. Hughes, L. Sly, V. Lam und G. Krystal. „Role of Src homology 2-containing-inositol 5′-phosphatase (SHIP) in mast cells and macrophages“. Biochemical Society Transactions 31, Nr. 1 (01.02.2003): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0310286.
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The haemopoietic-restricted Src homology 2-containing inositol 5´-phosphatase (SHIP) acts as a negative regulator of myeloid cell proliferation, survival and end-cell activation. It does so, at least in part, by hydrolysing the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-generated second messenger, PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 (PI-3,4,5-P3) to PtdIns(3,4)P2. As a result, the myeloid progenitors in SHIP-knockout mice display enhanced survival and proliferation and the mice have increased numbers of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. Interestingly, although SHIP is not required for mast cell or macrophage development, it restrains their differentiation since progenitors from SHIP−/− mice differentiate into mature mast cells and macrophages significantly faster than their wild-type counterparts. This could suggest that elevated PI-3,4,5-P3 levels accelerate myeloid differentiation. In bone-marrow-derived mast cells, SHIP prevents degranulation by IgE alone, restrains IgE–antigen-induced degranulation and limits the production of inflammatory cytokines. On the other hand, in peritoneal macrophages, SHIP is a positive regulator of NO production, since SHIP−/− peritoneal macrophages produce 5–10-fold less NO than their wild-type counterparts, even though they show greater lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ-induced nuclear factor κB activation and more rapid inducible NO synthase (iNOS) generation. This is a result of 10-fold higher levels of arginase I in the SHIP−/− macrophages, which redirects the iNOS substrate, l-arginine, from NO to ornithine production. This suggests that the chronically elevated PI-3,4,5-P3 levels in SHIP−/− mice may convert M1 (killing) macrophages, which produce NO to kill micro-organisms and tumour cells, into M2 (healing) macrophages, which produce ornithine to promote host cell growth and fibrosis.
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Tridandapani, Susheela, Madhura Pradhan, James R. LaDine, Stacey Garber, Clark L. Anderson und K. Mark Coggeshall. „Protein Interactions of Src Homology 2 (SH2) Domain-Containing Inositol Phosphatase (SHIP): Association with Shc Displaces SHIP from FcγRIIb in B Cells“. Journal of Immunology 162, Nr. 3 (01.02.1999): 1408–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.162.3.1408.
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Abstract Our recent studies revealed that the inositol phosphatase Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP) is phosphorylated and associated with Shc exclusively under negative signaling conditions in B cells, which is due to recruitment of the SHIP SH2 domain to the FcγRIIb. In addition, we reported that SHIP-Shc interaction involves both SHIP SH2 and Shc phosphotyrosine binding domains. These findings reveal a paradox in which the single SH2 domain of SHIP is simultaneously engaged to two different proteins: Shc and FcγRIIb. To resolve this paradox, we examined the protein interactions of SHIP. Our results demonstrated that isolated FcγRIIb contains SHIP but not Shc; likewise, Shc isolates contain SHIP but not FcγRIIb. In contrast, SHIP isolates contain both proteins, revealing two separate pools of SHIP: one bound to FcγRIIb and one bound to Shc. Kinetic studies reveal rapid SHIP association with FcγRIIb but slower and more transient association with Shc. Affinity measurements using a recombinant SHIP SH2 domain and phosphopeptides derived from FcγRIIb (corresponding to Y273) and Shc (corresponding to Y317) revealed an approximately equal rate of binding but a 10-fold faster dissociation rate for FcγRIIb compared with Shc phosphopeptide and yielding in an affinity of 2.1 μM for FcγRIIb and 0.26 μM for Shc. These findings are consistent with a model in which SHIP transiently associates with FcγRIIb to promote SHIP phosphorylation, whereupon SHIP binds to Shc and dissociates from FcγRIIb.