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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Fonctionnalisation peptidique“
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Fonctionnalisation peptidique"
Rousee, Kevin. „Utilisation d'alcènes fluorés pour la synthèse et la fonctionnalisation de dérivés (hétéro)aromatiques et de composés phosphorés“. Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR02/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe fluoroalkenes are compounds with relevant physico-chemical properties and are used in various fields as polymers, agrochemistry or medicinal chemistry. Mono-fluoroalkenes can be used as an effective peptidic bond mimic because of their electronic and geometric similarity with the amide bond. Nevertheless, this interesting moiety still suffers from difficulty of synthesis which constitute a synthetic challenge. For that purpose, two build-blocks (gem-bromofluoroalkenes and α-fluoroacrylates) were used during this thesis to develop new access to mono-fluoroalkenes.The first one is the gem-bromofluoroalkenes moiety were used for the development of two methodologies. First, a copper-catalysed fluoroalkenylation via C-H bond functionalisation of heteroaryles has been reported. Then, the second methodology is the phosphination of gem-bromofluoroalkenes using phosphines boranes, in the goal to get new kind of phosphines.The second building-blocks used are the α-fluoroacrylates and α-fluoroacrylic acids which have been involved in two complementary reactions. A Heck reaction allowed the synthesis of tri- and tetrasubstitued α-fluoroacrylates, giving a new access to these compounds. α-Fluoroacrylic acids were used in a decarboxylative/deshydrogenative cross-coupling with azoles. Indeed, it is the first example of decarboxylative/deshydrogenative cross-coupling with alkenes
Bar, Laure. „Etude et caractérisation du rituximab sur surface antigénique : conception de mimes d'anticorps“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAs they recognize tumor antigens in a very specific manner, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) became a major tool for the treatment of many cancers. Despite the improvement in remission rates, mAbs suffer from limitations that relate mainly to their high molecular weight, their high cost, and the polymorphism of their Fc region. The design of small synthetic mAb mimics is therefore an attractive way to bypass these problems. To design efficient and specific mimics, we studied in detail an antibody / antigen interaction, especially rituximab / CD20 interaction occurring in the treatment of some lymphoma. MAb mimics are macromolecular constructs composed of short peptide sequences included in the Rituximab paratope. The selection of the peptides deeply involved in the recognition of the tumor cell was carried out by using a surface sensitive technique called surface plasmon resonance (SPR - Biacore). To perform this selection, it was first necessary to develop an antigenic surface for peptide screening. The characterization of this surface by quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and SPR made it possible to acquire a lot of information such as the dependence of the inter-CD20 spacing on the mAb recognition process. Following the screening, the peptide sequences of the paratope areas involved in CD20 recognition could be determined with high precision, and then be used to prepare synthetic mAb mimics
López, Serrano Cristina. „Synthesis of bioactive hydrogels for the control of stem cell differentiation : Impact on bone tissue engineering“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0246.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells, widely used in tissue engineering thanks to their ability to differentiate into various cell lineages, making them suitable in many applications. However, tightly controlling their differentiation to yield a single cell type, such as bone cells, remains challenging. Achieving improved bone regeneration will likely involve mimicking the MSC’s native microenvironment, known as the stem cell niche To achieve this, it is essential to develop advanced biomaterial scaffolds with properties that can be tuned to replicate the in vivo cellular environment on a cell culture plate. In this context, hydrogels have gained significant interest since they can mimic many aspects of native extracellular matrices (ECM). It is known that the in vitro differentiation of stem cells is affected by the stiffness and viscoelasticity of the substrate on and in which they are cultured. However further investigation is needed to understand the specific effects of matrix elasticity and viscoelasticity on osteogenic differentiation, as well as the interplay between these mechanical properties and the presence of bioactive molecules such as adhesion or differentiation peptides. In this context, our research challenge is to develop a material that encompasses the optimal properties to obtain osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. This thesis presents the development of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, in terms of elasticity and viscoelasticity, and targeted biofunctionalization. Hydrogels with a broad range of compressive Young’s moduli, from 2 to 128 kPa, were synthesized, successfully spanning the stiffness of most human soft tissues. The viscoelasticity of these materials was also tuned, from loss tangent values of 0.15 up to 0.35. The choice of technique to characterize the elasticity and viscoelasticity of the hydrogels is not trivial. There is no standard for the mechanical evaluation of hydrogels for biomedical applications and comparing results obtained with different techniques becomes challenging. To address this issue, we performed a comprehensive mechanical characterization of our hydrogels with multiple techniques (compression, rheology and AFM). Our findings reveal that while all methods produce consistent trends, each provides unique and complementary insights into the material’s mechanical properties. The materials are functionalized by covalently grafting RGD and BMP-2 peptides, for adhesion and differentiation respectively. The biofunctionalization of the materials was verified via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fluorescence microscopy. hMSCs were cultured on different hydrogels and their osteogenic differentiation was evaluated via immunocytochemistry of key protein markers and qPCR. Our findings revealed that cells on stiff and viscoelastic hydrogels exhibited an overexpression of osteoblast and osteocyte markers. This suggests that the combination of the functionalization procedure with the mechanical properties of the hydrogel provides a potent approach to promoting the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs
Paris, Jean-Baptiste. „Développement de surfaces plastiques aux propriétés antibactériennes par immobilisation covalente de produits naturels“. Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the field of cosmetics, legislation on the use of preservatives in formulations, for ensuring microbiological integrity of the products, becomes more and more restrictive (as the recent example of parabens). To overcome these changes, a possible solution is the development of active packaging. The work described herein consisted of developing high density polyethylene (PE) surfaces by covalent immobilization of natural compounds to introduce antibacterial properties to those surfaces. Thus, antifouling surfaces, based on hyaluronic acid (HA) immobilization, and bactericidal or bacteriostatic surfaces, based on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), have been developed. Various parameters such as the activation rate, molecular weight of HA or orientation of AMPs have been studied by various techniques such as contact angle measurements and XPS analysis. Finally the two approaches have been combined by various strategies to immobilize together the two families of compounds. The developed surfaces based on AMPs showed activity against S. Epidermidis and P. Aeruginosa, depending especially of the peptide used and its concentration. HA-based surfaces have led to a reduction of bacterial adhesion by more than 1 log (90%). Combination of biocidal and antiadhesive properties, although based on opposed physicochemical phenomena, produces surfaces with antibacterial activity that exceeds 2-Log reduction (99%) against S. Epidermidis
Sandrin, Ludivine. „Caractérisation des interactions biomoléculaires entre des ligands peptidiques immobilisés sur une surface et des récepteurs cellulaires“. Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453636.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNguyen, Thi Thuy Khue. „Détection de polluants dans l'eau potable. Développement d'un immunocapteur sur la base d'un transistor organique à effet de champ à grille électrolytique“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC187/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleToday, with the increase of population, the consumption of drugs and of chemicals in agriculture has dramatically increased. It becomes a worrisome issue because a large amount of these molecules, excreted to the environment, are not well eliminated by water-treatment plants (when they exist) and are therefore released without control into the ecosystem. In too large quantities, these drugs are poisons for living organisms, including humans. Classical analytical methods for the measurement of these chemicals already exist (classical separative methods such as gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, possibly coupled with mass spectrometry, etc). However, even if extremely precise and reliable, these techniques are difficult to apply for on-site monitoring and are usually costly. For this reason, my thesis focuses on novel analytical approaches to detect small organic molecules such as these pollutants. In a first part of my work, I developped an original immunosensor based on a competitive complexation and on an electrochemical (amperometric) transduction, for detection of diclofenac, which is a non – steroidal anti – inflammatory drug generally employed to protect patients from inflammation and relieve pain. The working electrode was electrografted with two functional diazonium salts, one as molecular probe (a diclofenac derivative coupled with an arylamine) and the other as redox probe (a quinone) also coupled with an arylamine, able to transduce the hapten-antibody association into a change in electroactivity. The transduction was designed to deliver a current increase upon detection of diclofenac (“signal-on” detection). The detection limit is ca. 20 fM in tap water, which is competitive compared to other label-free immunosensors. In the following part of my thesis, I kept the same original transduction approach (competitive immunoassay) but applied to an Electrolyte-Gated Organic Field-Effect Transistor (EGOFET) based on poly(N-alkyldiketopyrrolo-pyrrole dithienylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene) as organic semiconductor whose gate electrode was functionalized by electrografting a functional diazonium salt capable to bind an antibody specific to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), an herbicide well-known to be a soil and water pollutant. Molecular docking computations were performed to design the functional diazonium salt to rationalize the antibody capture on the gate surface. In the last part of my work, I propose an approach which takes profit not only of the capacitive coupling of the EGOFET but also on its sensitivity to electrostatic charges accumulated on the gate surface. To illustrate this in the field of sensors, I used a short peptide (Gly-Gly-His), known to selectively bind copper ions Cu2+. The peptide was immobilized by direct electrooxidation of the primary amine of the first glycine moiety. I demonstrated that GGH-modified EGOFETs can transduce Cu2+ complexation through significant changes of their output and transfer characteristics, in particular their threshold voltage (VTh)
Cado, Gwenaëlle. „Étude physico-chimique, fonctionnalisation et applications des films de polysaccharides“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859416.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlin, Thomas. „Elaboration de revêtements macromoléculaires antibiofilms à base de peptides antibactériens“. Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrom a medical and economical point of view, biofilms have important negative impacts. Various approaches based on the immobilization of bactericidal substances have been developed to prevent biofilm formation on materials surfaces. However, they are not fully satisfying due to limited efficiency, toxicity, or emergence of multiresisting bacteria. Compared to these synthetic approaches, some living organisms have developed highly efficient strategies tested over eons to eliminate the microbial adhesion. For instance, amphibians excrete an epidermal mucus containing antibacterial peptides. Considering this last example, we synthesized various coatings based on hydrophilic and flexible macromolecules grafted by antibacterial peptides. First of all, copolymer brushes based on oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylates were polymerized by ATRP from planar substrates and afterwards grafted by temporin‐1Va or magainin‐1 derivatives. This strategy was subsequently successfully adapted on microparticles and on thermoresponsive polymer rushes leading to thin films showing a modulation of their bactericidal properties with emperature. Moreover, polysaccharide layers were immobilized on gold surfaces, then rafted by magainin‐1. The microstructure of these layers was tuned to optimize the accessibility of the grafted peptide. The resulting coatings showed a high activity against various bacterial strains. This work paves the way to the development of new coatings fighting biofilms, notably for (bio)medical devices