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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Foliar fungal diseases“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Foliar fungal diseases"
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Dewdney, Megan M., und Jamie D. Burrow. „Citrus Foliar Fungal Diseases for the Dooryard“. EDIS 2019 (14.02.2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-pp261-2019.
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This document is a two-page illustrated identification sheet for citrus foliar fungal diseases. It is a minor revision written by Megan M. Dewdney and Jamie D. Burrow, and published by the Plant Pathology Department, February 2019. PP261/PP261: Citrus Foliar Fungal Diseases for the Dooryard (ufl.edu)
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Charan, Merugu Sai, Mohammed Abrar und Bejjam Vasundhara Devi. „Apple Leaf Diseases Classification Using CNN with Transfer Learning“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, Nr. 6 (30.06.2022): 1905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44176.
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Abstract: The Foliar diseases of the apple trees commonly reduce the crop Yield and photosynthesis which affects their productivity. Diagnosing foliar damage is not easy if there are no distinct patterns that would be fungal fruiting bodies it will. spread to the rest of the crops. The foliar disease of the apple trees is carried out due to biotic and abiotic causes, some of the biotic causes of foliar damage are - Bacterial Disease, Fungal Diseases, Viral Diseases, Insects, and Mites That Damage Foliage. some of the Abiotic causes are - Iron Chlorosis, Misapplied Herbicide, and Winter Desiccation of Evergreens. Traditional approaches rely on visual inspection by an expert and biological examination is the second choice .these approaches are time-consuming and expensive. we use machine learning methods to classify the disease in apple trees. we use some pre-trained CNN models to extract features from the dataset, we applied the CNN model and compared them with Pre-trained Models, and we achieve accuracies of over 93% with CNN, among the Models We achieved 92% with the Inception V3 model,62% with VGG16, 63% with VGG19.
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Michelotto, Marcos Doniseti, Ignácio José de Godoy, João Francisco dos Santos, Antonio Lucio Mello Martins, Eduardo Leonardecz und Alessandra Pereira Fávero. „Identifying Arachis Amphidiploids Resistant to Foliar Fungal Diseases“. Crop Science 56, Nr. 4 (Juli 2016): 1792–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2015.06.0393.
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Jayaraj, J., A. Wan, M. Rahman und Z. K. Punja. „Seaweed extract reduces foliar fungal diseases on carrot“. Crop Protection 27, Nr. 10 (Oktober 2008): 1360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2008.05.005.
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Tian, Zhen, Wenjie Li, Yixin Kou, Xin Dong, Huining Liu, Xiaoxia Yang, Quanmin Dong und Tao Chen. „Effects of Different Livestock Grazing on Foliar Fungal Diseases in an Alpine Grassland on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau“. Journal of Fungi 9, Nr. 9 (20.09.2023): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9090949.
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In grassland ecosystems, the occurrence and transmission of foliar fungal diseases are largely dependent on grazing by large herbivores. However, whether herbivores that have different body sizes differentially impact foliar fungal diseases remains largely unexplored. Thus, we conducted an 8-year grazing experiment in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in China and tested how different types of livestock (sheep (Ovis aries), yak (Bos grunniens), or both)) affected foliar fungal diseases at the levels of both plant population and community. At the population level, grazing by a single species (yak or sheep) or mixed species (sheep and yak) significantly decreased the severity of eight leaf spot diseases. Similarly, at the community level, both single species (yak or sheep) and mixed grazing by both sheep and yak significantly decreased the community pathogen load. However, we did not find a significant difference in the community pathogen load among different types of livestock. These results suggest that grazing by large herbivores, independently of livestock type, consistently decreased the prevalence of foliar fungal diseases at both the plant population and community levels. We suggest that moderate grazing by sheep or yak is effective to control the occurrence of foliar fungal diseases in alpine grasslands. This study advances our knowledge of the interface between disease ecology, large herbivores, and grassland science.
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Singh, H. K., R. B. Singh und K. N. Maurya. „Management of major fungal foliar diseases of rapeseed-mustard“. Research on Crops 16, Nr. 1 (2015): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2348-7542.2015.00026.1.
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Dewdney, Megan M., und Jamie D. Burrow. „Foliar Fungal Disease Management For Commercial Citrus Groves“. EDIS 2019 (07.03.2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-pp270-2019.
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This document is a two-page illustrated identification sheet for commercial management of citrus foliar fungal diseases. It is a minor revision written by Megan M. Dewdney and Jamie D. Burrow, and published by the Plant Pathology Department, March 2019. PP270/PP270: Foliar Fungal Disease Management for Commercial Citrus Groves (ufl.edu)
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Akanmu, Akinlolu Olalekan, Timothy Oladiran Ajiboye, Masego Seleke, Sabelo D. Mhlanga, Damian C. Onwudiwe und Olubukola Oluranti Babalola. „The Potency of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (gC3N4) and Bismuth Sulphide Nanoparticles (Bi2S3) in the Management of Foliar Fungal Pathogens of Maize“. Applied Sciences 13, Nr. 6 (15.03.2023): 3731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063731.
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Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most significant grain crop in South Africa. Despite its importance, the cereal is ravaged by several foliar fungal pathogens, which reduce maize quality and quantity at harvest. Hence, this study investigates the fungi associated with foliar diseases of maize in Molelwane, North-West Province, South Africa. The fungi were isolated, characterized and subjected to in vitro nanoparticle control. Samples of diseased maize leaves were aseptically collected from two maize-growing farms. Fungi associated with the samples were isolated and characterized using standard procedures. Bi2S3 (metal-containing) and gC3N4 (non-metallic carbon-based) nanoparticles were synthesized and used to challenge the pathogens using standard procedures. Foliar fungal pathogens isolated from the diseased maize leaves in this study were characterized as Bipolaris zeicola, Phoma herbarum, Epicoccum nigrum, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium brachygibbosum. Phoma herbarium > A. alternata > B. zeicola > F. brachygibbosum > E. nigrum was the order of percentage fungal inhibition by the nanoparticles. Bi2S3 was more effective against the pathogens at lower concentrations and gC3N4 at higher concentration levels. The two nanoparticle types evaluated in vitro shows potential for managing the foliar fungal pathogens, and this needs to be further validated in field studies.
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Donne, Irene, Douglas S. Higgins, Elizabeth Brisco-McCann und Mary K. Hausbeck. „Limiting Fungal Foliar Diseases on Carrots for Organic and Conventional Markets“. Plant Health Progress 21, Nr. 3 (01.01.2020): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-12-19-0096-rs.
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Michigan ranks fourth in carrot production for the combined fresh and processing markets. Fungal foliar diseases caused by Alternaria dauci and Cercospora carotae occur annually in the state, causing blighted and weakened leaves and petioles. Our objective was to update current disease management strategies for both organic and conventional production by testing Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI)–approved and conventional fungicides against C. carotae and A. dauci. Field trials conducted in 2015 and 2016 found that the copper-based fungicides (copper hydroxide and copper hydroxide/copper oxychloride) were the only OMRI-approved products that, as indicated by relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC) data, consistently limited foliar blight. In field trials of conventional fungicides, all treatments limited symptomatic foliar area and protected petiole health compared with the control in both years with one exception: propiconazole was similar to the control in 2016 for petiole health and in 2015 for rAUDPC values. During 2016 when disease pressure was high, pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad outperformed iprodione, pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin/propiconazole, and cyprodinil/fludioxonil for the control of foliar blight. Yields differed significantly among conventional treatments only in 2016. In plots sprayed with pyraclostrobin/boscalid, pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad, chlorothalonil, and boscalid had higher yields than penthiopyrad, iprodione, and propiconazole. These results can contribute to management strategies for C. carotae and A. dauci in organic or conventional production systems.
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Panthee, Dilip R., Anju Pandey und Rajan Paudel. „Multiple Foliar Fungal Disease Management in Tomatoes: A Comprehensive Approach“. International Journal of Plant Biology 15, Nr. 1 (23.01.2024): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijpb15010007.
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Foliar diseases are the significant production constraints in tomatoes. Among them, foliar fungal diseases in tomatoes, such as early blight (Alternaria linaria), Septoria leaf spot (Septoria lycopersici), and late blight (Phytophthora infestans), which is oomycetes, have higher economic significance. This paper will discuss the etiology, host range, distribution, symptoms, and disease cycle to help us understand the biology, followed by management approaches emphasizing the resistance breeding approach for these diseases. We provide an analytical review of crop improvement efforts, including conventional and molecular methods for improving these diseases’ resistance. We discuss the importance of modern breeding tools, including genomics, genetic transformation, and genome editing, to improve the resistance to these diseases in the future.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Foliar fungal diseases"
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Das, Shibu. „Analysis of specific transcripts following induction of defense in tea against foliar fungal pathogens“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2017. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/hdl.handle.net/123456789/2651.
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Das, Gupta Sourish. „Studies on some foliar fungal diseases of young, tea (Camellia sinensis L O Ktze) plants“. Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1075.
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Quintana-Jones, Therese Angelica. „Evaluation of Drip Applications and Foliar Sprays of the Biocontrol Product Actinovate on Powdery Mildew and Other Fungal Diseases of Tomato“. DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/516.
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The effectiveness of the biocontrol product Actinovate® at enhancing tomato plant growth and yield, and reducing the presence of fungal pathogens was studied in greenhouse and field conditions. In the greenhouse, no differences were found among seed germination or plant survival rates, seedling heights, dry root weights, and dry shoot weights of tomato seedlings grown from seeds drenched with Actinovate® or Rootshield®. The effects of one initial Actinovate® seed drench at sowing, repeated applications through the drip irrigation throughout the season, or repeated applications through the drip irrigation plus foliar applications throughout the season at reducing plant infection by fungal plant pathogens, and increasing yield and quality for tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) were investigated in Los Alamos, CA, on a sandy loam soil. No significant differences in plant height were found among the four treatments. Marketable fruit weight was greater in the drip plus foliar treatment than in the Actinovate® seed drench treatment. The foliar plus drip treatment resulted in the greatest amount of powdery mildew present, although the disease pressure was low. No significant differences were found among the four treatments in the presence of Verticillium wilt or Sclerotinia.
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Reivant, Munters Arielle. „The foliar bacterial endophyte community in native Pinus radiata: a role for protection against fungal disease?“ Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234871.
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Pinus radiata is the most planted tree in the southern hemisphere. The planted trees are especially susceptible to pathogens, but even the native population, nowadays limited tomerely five locations, are threatened by diseases caused by arthropods, fungi and dehydration. Endophytes are bacteria or fungi that reside inside healthy plant tissue, and often have a beneficial effect on their hosts. Endophytes can help plants adapt to abiotic stress such as drought and protect them against pathogens and insect pests. Given the roles that endophytes play in host stress responses, it is possible that without studying endophytes we may not fully understand a plant’s response to increased temperatures and climate-induced disease.Using Illumina-sequencing of the 16S rRNA-gene the bacterial endophyte community in 15 trees from three of the remaining native populations were studied. By investigating trees from several sites geographical community differences were discovered. The three overall most dominating bacterial taxa can all be connected with genera known to contain members withanti-fungal properties.
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Martins, Mônica Cagnin. „Produtividade da soja sob influência de ocorrência natural de Septoria glycines Hemmi e Cercospora kikuchii (Matsu. & Tomoyasu) Gardner com e sem controle químico“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-23092003-141226/.
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A ocorrência das doenças de final de ciclo causadas pelos fungos Septoria glycines e Cercospora kikuchii é facilmente observada no campo. Entretanto, são necessárias informações precisas sobre a quantificação de danos e perdas na produtividade, bem como, a definição da melhor época para aplicação de fungicidas. A falta de um método padrão de quantificação visual pode levar a estimativas imprecisas da severidade das mesmas, induzindo a conclusões erradas. Com os objetivos de elaborar e validar uma escala diagramática para a quantificação das doenças de final de ciclo da soja, avaliar o efeito dessas doenças sobre a produtividade, identificar o melhor estádio fenológico da cultura para o controle dessas doenças, verificar a relação entre a severidade dessas doenças e a produtividade e avaliar os efeitos das mesmas sobre a duração e absorção da área foliar sadia das plantas de soja, foram instalados experimentos na Fazenda Areão (ESALQ/USP), localizada em Piracicaba - SP. Utilizou-se o cultivar de soja MG/BR - 46 (Conquista), considerado suscetível a essas doenças, adotando-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial 2 x 3 (dois fungicidas: benomyl e tebuconazole e três momentos fenológicos de pulverização: R4, R5.3 e R6) com três tratamentos adicionais (testemunha, pulverização quinzenal de benomyl e pulverização quinzenal de tebuconazole), repetidos três vezes. Determinou-se a severidade dessas doenças; o número de vagens e de sementes por planta; a massa de 1000 sementes e a produtividade. Para quantificação da severidade dessas doenças foi elaborada uma escala diagramática a partir de folhas coletadas em campo, apresentando diferentes níveis de severidade. A área de cada folha e sua correspondente severidade foram determinadas e, seguindo-se a Lei do Estímulo de Weber-Fechner, elaborou-se a escala com os níveis de severidade de doença: 2,4; 15,2; 25,9; 40,5 e 66,6%. A validação foi realizada por nove avaliadores, sem experiência na avaliação das doenças de final de ciclo, os quais estimaram a severidade de 30 folíolos de soja com sintomas destas doenças. A precisão das avaliações variou de acordo com o avaliador (0,84
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Queiroz, Tania Marcia de. „Identificação e caracterização de cDNAs expressos diferencialmente e detecção de alterações metabolicas em folhas de cafeeiro inoculadas com Hemileia vastatrix“. [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317650.
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Orientador: Laura Maria Mariscal OttoboniTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T07:40:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Queiroz_TaniaMarciade_D.pdf: 1627218 bytes, checksum: 918b6b5965fc39fc4d4c34076a315249 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: A ferrugem alaranjada, cujo agente causal é o fungo Hemileia vastatrix Berk & Br., tem sido um dos principais problemas da cultura do cafeeiro em todas as regiões do mundo. Esta doença pode causar prejuízos de até 50% da produção. O fungo ataca todas as variedades de café, porém Coffee canephora apresenta cultivares resistentes, enquanto a maioria dos cultivares comerciais dentro da espécie Coffea arabica é suscetível à doença. Nesse trabalho foi feita a identificação e a caracterização de genes expressos diferencialmente em C. arábica cultivar Icatu Vermelho ¿ IAC 4045 (resistente ao agente da ferrugem). Para isso, foi utilizada a técnica de display diferencial de mRNA. A comparação entre os padrões de cDNAs nos géis permitiu o isolamento de cDNAs com expressão diferencial nos intervalos de 1 hora e 24 horas após a inoculação com o fungo. Alguns desses cDNAs foram clonados e seqüenciados. As seqüências obtidas foram comparadas com seqüências disponíveis no banco de dados do Genoma Café, sendo que oito cDNAs tiveram sua expressão confirmada e apresentaram similaridade com uma anexina, uma proteína M do fotossistema II, uma pirofosfatase prótoninorgânica vacuolar, um Citocromo P450, uma proteinase carboxil-terminal, uma proteína heat shock - HSP70, uma quinase C e uma proteína FIS1. Além da análise da identificação de genes com expressão diferencial, foi feita também uma análise das diferenças metabólicas em folhas de C. arabica cv. Icatu Vermelho - IAC 4045 e Mundo Novo - IAC 501 inoculadas com H. vastatrix. A técnica utilizada nas análises foi DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry ou espectroscopia no infravermelho por reflectância difusa com transformada de Fourier). Foram observados picos de reflectância proeminentes em regiões de números de onda 1075 'CM POT. ¿1¿, 1375 'CM POT. ¿1¿, 1555 'CM POT. ¿1¿, 1520 'CM POT. ¿1¿, 1150 'CM POT. ¿1¿ e 1645 'CM POT. ¿1¿. A análise de componentes principais demonstrou que houve uma discriminação entre Icatu Vermelho e Mundo Novo 48 horas após a inoculação e o teste de Tukey mostrou que para as regiões 1555 'CM POT. ¿1¿, 1520 'CM POT. ¿1¿ e 1645 'CM POT. ¿1¿ houve uma diferença significativa entre os cultivares a 5% de probabilidade
Abstract: The orange rust, caused by fungus H. vastatrix Berk & Br., has been the major problem of the coffee culture in all regions of the world. This disease can cause 50% damage in the plantation. The fungus attack all the coffee varieties, but C. canephora present resistant cultivars while the majority of the comercial cultivars into C. arabica is susceptible to disease. This experiment has the purpose of the identification and characterization of the differentially expressed cDNAs in C. arabica cultivar Icatu Vermelho (resistant to rust fungus). For this has been utilized mRNA differential display technique. The comparation between cDNAs in the display gels allowed the cDNAs isolation with differential expression in the intervals of 1 hour and 24 hours after inoculation of leaves with fungus. Some cDNAs were cloned and sequenced. The sequences were compared in Coffee Genome data bank and eight cDNAs had the expression confirmed and present similarity with a annexin, photosystem II M protein, a vacuolar proton inorganic pyrophosphatase, a cytochrome P450 family, a carboxyl-terminal protease, a heat shock 70 kDa protein, and a FIS1 protein. Beyond differential expression of the genes analysis, we also analysed the metabolic differences in C. arabica cultivars Icatu Vermelho (IAC 4045) and Mundo Novo (IAC 501) leaves inoculated with H. vastatrix. The technique utilized was DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry). Principal Component Analysis demonstrate there were a discrimination between Icatu Vermelho and Mundo Novo 48 hours after inoculation and Tukey Test showed to the regions 1555 'CM POT. ¿1¿, 1520 'CM POT. ¿1¿, 1645 'CM POT. ¿1¿ there were significative difference between cultivars to 5% of probability
Doutorado
Biologia Celular
Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
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Ingram, Russell J., und Foster Levy. „Identity and Symptomatology of a Newly Described Lily Leaf Spot Disease (Pseudocercosporella Inconspicua) of Gray’s Lily (Lilium Grayi)“. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7786.
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Lily leaf spot is an emerging disease of the globally rare Lilium grayi S. Wats., a species endemic to the southern Appalachian Blue Ridge, USA. The species is considered Threatened or Endangered in the three states where it naturally occurs (North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia). Disease leads to premature senescence of aboveground tissues and curtailment of sexual reproduction. Spore morphology, completion of Koch’s postulates, and DNA sequence data showed the causative agent of lily leaf spot to be Pseudocercosporella inconspicua (G. Winter) U. Braun, a Lilium-specific basidiomycete. Diagnostic disease symptomatology includes amphigenous necrotic lesions with tan to green margins encircling a white to grey powdery mass of conidia. Studies conducted in the field at Roan Mountain, NC/TN, in the largest known population, showed that a visual disease diagnosis based on morphology can be highly accurate in predicting P. inconspicua infection, and that high concentrations of conidia of P. inconspicua are strongly associated with infected L. grayi, but are largely absent or few on uninfected L. grayi and other species. Field inoculation trials using infected L. grayi leaf tissue as inocula resulted in transmission of disease and induction of premature senescence under natural conditions.
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Sunil, Chaudhari. „Phenotyping of genomic selection panel for resistance to foliar fungal diseases and nutritional quality traits in groundnut“. Thesis, 2017. http://oar.icrisat.org/10175/1/Sunil%20chadurythesis.pdf.
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The present investigation was aimed to evaluate Genomic Selection Panel (GSP) comprising 340 diverse improved germplasm for two major foliar fungal diseases i.e. rust and late leaf spot (LLS), yield and nutritional quality traits in multi-location evaluation trials. The study was also aimed to conduct a preliminary evaluation of GSP for the level of genetic and molecular diversity, and allelic richness for the targeted traits which is a pre-requisite for Genomic Selection. Marker-trait association for different traits such as disease resistance, yield and nutritional quality was also done to validate markers on a diverse set of genotypes and to find significant markers linked to the traits of interest that can potentially be deployed in marker-assisted breeding. The results revealed significant genotypic, environment and genotype × environment interaction variances for all the traits studied. Breeding lines with high levels of resistance to LLS and rust and that are stable across the environments were identified that will be used as parents in breeding resistant varieties. The negative association of both the diseases with yield and nutritional quality traits indicates an adverse effect of LLS and rust on these traits. Sufficient level of phenotypic and molecular diversity and allelic richness (33 alleles per locus) was observed in GSP for both the diseases with a higher number of unique and rare alleles per locus. Low level of genetic variability in GSP reported for nutritional quality traits across the environments indicated that improvement of these characters was not attempted in the breeding program in the absence of robust, non-destructive and cost-effective phenotyping tools. So, there is a need of robust phenotyping and advance genomic tools to improve the quality traits in groundnut. The stable genotypes identified for the traits under study will be useful to develop new cultivars that are least influenced by environment. Grouping of genotypes based on marker data corresponded well with their botanical classification, place of breeding and expression of different traits across the environment. Deployment of identified potential marker-trait association explaining high phenotypic variation for LLS (GM 1009, GM 2301 and TC6H03) and rust (GM 2301 and IPAHM 103) in marker-assisted breeding would enhance intensity and accuracy of selection. There was high frequency (25.9%) of mutant allele of ahFAD2A reported in GSP whereas, mutant allele of ahFAD2B gene was not detected, except for SunOleic 95R a high oleic genotype released by the USA. More efforts need to be diverted to develop high oleic lines through incorporating both the mutant alleles into desirable genetic backgrounds. There was no significant difference in the mean oleic acid observed for individuals carrying mutant allele on A genome (ahFAD2A) with individual carrying wild-type allele. Therefore, it is concluded that presence of both the mutant alleles is required for desired levels of high oleic content.
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„FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH DURUM WHEAT ROOTS IN DIFFERENT CROPPING SYSTEMS“. Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2013-06-1123.
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Differences in pea (Pisum sativum L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) microbial compatibility and/ or their associated farming practices may influence root fungi of the following crop and affect the yield. The main objective of this research was to explain the difference in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) yield the year after pea and chickpea crops through changes in the functional diversity of wheat root fungi. The effect of fungicides used on chickpea on the root fungi of a following durum wheat crop was studied using plate culture and pyrosequencing. Pyrosequencing detected more Fusarium spp. in the roots of durum wheat after fungicide-treated chickpea than in non-fungicide treated chickpea. Plate culture revealed that the functional groups of fungi responded differently to fungicide use in the field but the effect on total community was non-significant. Highly virulent pathogens were not affected, but antagonists were suppressed. More fungal antagonists were detected after the chickpea CDC Luna than CDC Vanguard. Fungal species responded differently to the use of fungicides in vitro, but the aggregate inhibition effect on antagonists and highly virulent pathogens was similar.
The effect of chickpea vs. pea previous crop and different chickpea termination times on root fungi of a following durum wheat crop was studied. The abundance of Fusarium spp. increased after cultivation of both cultivars of chickpea as compared to pea according to pyrosequencing and was negatively correlated with durum yield. Plate culture analysis revealed that fungal antagonists were more prevalent after pea than both cultivars of chickpea and chickpea CDC Vanguard increased the abundance of highly virulent pathogens. The abundance of highly virulent pathogens in durum wheat roots was negatively correlated to durum yield. Early termination of chickpea did not change the community of culturable fungi in the roots of a following durum crop.
It is noteworthy that Fusarium redolens was identified for the first time in Saskatchewan and its pathogenicity was confirmed on durum wheat, pea and chickpea. The classical method of root disease diagnostics in cereals is based on the examination of the subcrown internode. I evaluated the method by comparing the fungal communities associated with different subterranean organs of durum wheat. The fungal community of the subcrown internode was different from that of roots and crown, suggesting cautious use of this method.
Bücher zum Thema "Foliar fungal diseases"
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Keane, PJ, GA Kile, FD Podger und BN Brown, Hrsg. Diseases and Pathogens of Eucalypts. CSIRO Publishing, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643090125.
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Over the last fifty years, there has been an increasing recognition that eucalypts are vulnerable to a wide range of diseases. They have suffered destructive epidemics, particularly of dieback caused by the cinnamon fungus in native forests, of foliar diseases and cankers in plantations, and of dieback of remnant trees on agricultural and grazing land.
This has stimulated intensive research into the causes and management of diseases of the eucalypts. This work represents a comprehensive review of our current knowledge of the health and diseases of eucalypts.
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Stahl, Sherrill A. Investigations of conifer foliage diseases caused by Hendersonia pinicola and Mycosphaerella pini (stat. anam. Dothistroma septospora). 1985.
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Kashyap, Priyakshi, Indrani Sharma, Sampurna Kashyap und Niraj Agarwala. „Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF)-Mediated Control of Foliar Fungal Diseases“. In Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Higher Plants, 193–223. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8220-2_9.
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AbstractPlants witness a variety of disease incidences throughout their life, ultimately resulting in reduced plant growth and productivity. Climate change or human interventions have aggravated the incidences of various plant diseases, among which foliar fungal diseases are serious threats. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a mutualistic group of organisms that play a significant role in enhancing plant growth and resilience under varied environmental circumstances. Moreover, it is well established that AMF confers tolerance against several foliar fungal diseases. This chapter highlights how fungal foliar diseases affect plant health and the various roles of AMF in providing resistance to different crop plants. In addition, AMF-mediated alterations in the root system architecture (RSA), modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reinforcement of the physical barrier that prevents pathogen invasion and establishment have been discussed in detail. Furthermore, the intricate cross talk between AMF and phytohormones or plant metabolites has also been explored. Overall, harnessing the potential of AMF in imparting tolerance against foliar fungal diseases might reduce the reliance on chemical fungicides, thereby introducing an environment-friendly approach for plant protection.
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Kakoti, Priyanka, Parishmita Gogoi, Archana Yadav, Bhim Pratap Singh und Ratul Saikia. „Foliar Fungal Diseases in Pulses: Review and Management“. In Fungal Biology, 131–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35947-8_8.
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Vandana, Udaya Kumar, Naseema Hayat Barlaskar, Rijusmita Kalita, Islamul Hoque Laskar und P. B. Mazumder. „The Vital Foliar Diseases of Cicer arietinum L. (Chickpea): Science, Epidemiology, and Management“. In Fungal Biology, 169–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35947-8_10.
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Weltzien, Heinrich C. „Biocontrol of Foliar Fungal Diseases with Compost Extracts“. In Brock/Springer Series in Contemporary Bioscience, 430–50. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3168-4_22.
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Vandana, Udaya Kumar, P. Bijoya Singha, Sharmista Chakraborthy und P. B. Mazumder. „Integrated Fungal Foliar Diseases of Arid Legumes: Challenges and Strategies of Their Management in Rain-Fed Areas“. In Fungal Biology, 35–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35947-8_3.
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Yorinori, Jose Tadashi. „Management of Foliar Fungal Diseases in Soybean in Brazil“. In Pest Management in Soybean, 185–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2870-4_18.
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McCartney, H. A., und B. D. L. Fitt. „Dispersal of foliar fungal plant pathogens: mechanisms, gradients and spatial patterns“. In The Epidemiology of Plant Diseases, 138–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3302-1_7.
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Nene, Y. L., S. B. Hanounik, S. H. Qureshi und B. Sen. „Fungal and bacterial foliar diseases of pea, lentil, faba bean and chickpea“. In World crops: Cool season food legumes, 577–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2764-3_48.
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Jones, D. R. „Fungal diseases of the foliage.“ In Handbook of diseases of banana, abac� and enset, 41–206. Wallingford: CABI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780647197.0041.
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Porta-Puglia, A., C. C. Bernier, G. J. Jellis, W. J. Kaiser und M. V. Reddy. „Screening techniques and sources of resistance to foliar diseases caused by fungi and bacteria in cool season food legumes“. In Expanding the Production and Use of Cool Season Food Legumes, 247–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0798-3_14.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Foliar fungal diseases"
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Filipovics, Maksims. „Hyperspectral imaging for early detection of foliar fungal diseases on small grain cereals: a minireview“. In Research for Rural Development 2023 : annual 29th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.29.2023.001.
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Foliar fungal diseases of small grain cereals are economically among the most important diseases worldwide and in the Baltics. Finding an effective, reliable, and easily accessible method for plant disease diagnosis still presents a challenge. Currently used methods include visual examination of the affected plant, morphological characterization of isolated pathogens and different molecular, and serological methods. All of these methods have important limitations, especially for large-area applications. Hyperspectral imaging is a promising technique to assess fungal diseases of plants, as it is a non-invasive, indirect detection method, where the plant’s responses to the biotic stress are identified as an indicator of the disease. Hyperspectral measurements can reveal a relationship between the spectral reflectance properties of plants and their structural characteristics, pigment concentrations, water level, etc., which are considerably influenced by biotic plant stress. Despite the high accuracy of the information obtained from hyperspectral detectors, the interpretation is still problematic, as it is influenced by various circumstances: noise level, lighting conditions, abiotic stress level, a complex interaction of the genotype and the environment, etc. The application of hyperspectral imaging in everyday farming practice will potentially allow farmers to obtain timely and precise information about the development of diseases and affected areas. This review provides an introduction into issues of hyperspectral imaging and data analysis and explores the published reports of worldwide research on the use of hyperspectral analysis in the detection of foliar fungal diseases of small-grain cereals.
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Стратулат, Татьяна, Владимир Тодираш, Анна Гушан und Алексей Попа. „Динамика накопления калия в листьях огурцов на фоне обработок биофунгицидом на базе бикарбоната калия“. In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.59.
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Investigations were conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effects of potassium bicarbonate (PB) on powdery mildew of cucumber caused by E. cichoracearum. PB of two concentrations was applied as foliar sprays to cucumber and K content of the leaf samples was determined by AAC. In the greenhouse, PB provided significant control of powdery mildew with fungal isolates, reducing disease levels by up to 67 %. Higher disease pressure reduced the efficacy of PB on powdery mildew but did not affect the content of the K in leaves. Application of KHCO3 increased the level of K in the leaves, which was responsible for the suppression of the disease.
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Стратулат, Татьяна, Татьяна Щербакова, Штефан Кручан und Андрей Лунгу. „Пораженность листвы древесных насаждений города Кишинева комплексом гнилей летом 2021 года“. In VIIth International Scientific Conference “Genetics, Physiology and Plant Breeding”. Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/gppb7.2021.92.
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To determine the complex of fungi that cause rot on the leaves and needles of tree species in the green spaces of Chisinau, foliage was collected in four sectors of the city. It was determined by microbio-logical methods that the complex of pathogens on the leaves differs little in different sectors. The main leaf rot fungi present on the affected leaves and needles are Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. For the treatment of the green spaces of Chisinau against diseases, it is advisable to carry out phytosanitary measures with biological products.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Foliar fungal diseases"
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Harms, Nathan, Judy Shearer, James Cronin und John Gaskin. Geographic and genetic variation in susceptibility of Butomus umbellatus to foliar fungal pathogens. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41662.
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Large-scale patterns of plant invasions may reflect regional heterogeneity in biotic and abiotic factors and genetic variation within and between invading populations. Having information on how effects of biotic resistance vary spatially can be especially important when implementing biological control because introduced agents may have different Impacts through interactions with host-plant genotype, local environment, or other novel enemies. We conducted a series of field surveys and laboratory studies to determine whether there was evidence of biotic resistance, as foliar fungal pathogens, in two introduced genotypes (triploid G1, diploid G4) of the Eurasian wetland weed, Butomus umbellatus L. in the USA. We tested whether genotypes differed in disease attack and whether spatial patterns in disease incidence were related to geographic location or climate for either genotype. After accounting for location (latitude, climate), G1 plants had lower disease incidence than G4 plants in the field (38% vs. 70%) but similar pathogen richness. In contrast, bioassays revealed G1 plants consistently received a higher damage score and had larger leaf lesions regardless of pathogen. These results demonstrate that two widespread B. umbellatus genotypes exhibit different susceptibility to pathogens and effectiveness of pathogen biological controls may depend on local conditions.
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Reisch, Bruce, Avichai Perl, Julie Kikkert, Ruth Ben-Arie und Rachel Gollop. Use of Anti-Fungal Gene Synergisms for Improved Foliar and Fruit Disease Tolerance in Transgenic Grapes. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7575292.bard.
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Original objectives . 1. Test anti-fungal gene products for activity against Uncinula necator, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Botrytis cinerea. 2. For Agrobacterium transformation, design appropriate vectors with gene combinations. 3. Use biolistic bombardment and Agrobacterium for transformation of important cultivars. 4. Characterize gene expression in transformants, as well as level of powdery mildew and Botrytis resistance in foliage of transformed plants. Background The production of new grape cultivars by conventional breeding is a complex and time-consuming process. Transferring individual traits via single genes into elite cultivars was proposed as a viable strategy, especially for vegetatively propagated crops such as grapevines. The availability of effective genetic transformation procedures, the existence of genes able to reduce pathogen stress, and improved in vitro culture methods for grapes, were combined to serve the objective of this proposal. Effective deployment of resistance genes would reduce production costs and increase crop quality, and several such genes and combinations were used in this project. Progress The efficacy of two-way combinations of Trichoderma endochitinase (CHIT42), synthetic peptide ESF12 and resveratrol upon the control of growth of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium digitatum were evaluated in vitro. All pairwise interactions were additive but not synergistic. Per objective 2, suitable vectors with important gene combinations for Agrobacterium transformation were designed. In addition, multiple gene co-transformation by particle bombardment was also tested successfully. In New York, transformation work focused on cultivars Chardonnay and Merlot, while the technology in Israel was extended to 41B, R. 110, Prime, Italia, Gamay, Chardonnay and Velika. Transgenic plant production is summarized in the appendix. Among plants developed in Israel, endochitinase expression was assayed via the MuchT assay using material just 1-5 days after co-cultivation. Plants of cv. Sugraone carrying the gene coding for ESF12, a short anti-fungal lytic peptide under the control of the double 358 promoter, were produced. Leaf extracts of two plants showed inhibition zones that developed within 48 h indicating the inhibitory effect of the leaf extracts on the six species of bacteria. X fastidiosa, the causal organism of Pierce's disease, was very sensitive to leaf extracts from ESF12 transformed plants. Further work is needed to verify the agricultural utility of ESF12 transformants. In New York, some transformants were resistant to powdery mildew and Botrytis fruit rot. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements and implications The following scientific achievements resulted from this cooperative BARD project: 1. Development and improvement of embryogenesis and tissue culture manipulation in grape, while extending these procedures to several agriculturally important cultivars both in Israel and USA. 2. Development and improvement of novel transformation procedures while developing transformation techniques for grape and other recalcitrant species. 3. Production of transgenic grapevines, characterization of transformed vines while studying the expression patterns of a marker gene under the control of different promoter as the 35S CaMV in different part of the plants including flowers and fruits. 4. Expression of anti-fungal genes in grape: establishment of transgenic plants and evaluation of gene expression. Development of techniques to insert multiple genes. 5. Isolation of novel grape specific promoter to control the expression of future antimicrobial genes. It is of great importance to report that significant progress was made in not only the development of transgenic grapevines, but also in the evaluation of their potential for increased resistance to disease as compared with the non engineered cultivar. In several cases, increased disease resistance was observed. More research and development is still needed before a product can be commercialized, yet our project lays a framework for further investigations.
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Harman, Gary E., und Ilan Chet. Enhancement of plant disease resistance and productivity through use of root symbiotic fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, Juli 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695588.bard.
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The objectives of the project were to (a) compare effects ofT22 and T-203 on growth promotion and induced resistance of maize inbred line Mol7; (b) follow induced resistance of pathogenesis-related proteins through changes in gene expression with a root and foliar pathogen in the presence or absence of T22 or T-203 and (c) to follow changes in the proteome of Mol? over time in roots and leaves in the presence or absence of T22 or T-203. The research built changes in our concepts regarding the effects of Trichoderma on plants; we hypothesized that there would be major changes in the physiology of plants and these would be reflected in changes in the plant proteome as a consequence of root infection by Trichoderma spp. Further, Trichoderma spp. differ in their effects on plants and these changes are largely a consequence of the production of different elicitors of elicitor mixtures that are produced in the zone of communication that is established by root infection by Trichoderma spp. In this work, we demonstrated that both T22 and T-203 increase growth and induce resistance to pathogens in maize. In Israel, it was shown that a hydrophobin is critical for root colonization by Trichoderma strains, and that peptaibols and an expansin-like protein from Ttrichoderma probably act as elicitors of induced resistance in plants. Further, this fungus induces the jasmonate/ethylene pathway of disease resistance and a specific cucumber MAPK is required for transduction of the resistance signal. This is the first such gene known to be induced by fungal systems. In the USA, extensive proteomic analyses of maize demonstrated a number of proteins are differentially regulated by T. harzianum strain T22. The pattern of up-regulation strongly supports the contention that this fungus induces increases in plant disease resistance, respiratory rates and photosynthesis. These are all very consistent with the observations of effects of the fungus on plants in the greenhouse and field. In addition, the chitinolytic complex of maize was examined. The numbers of maize genes encoding these enzymes was increased about 3-fold and their locations on maize chromosomes determined by sequence identification in specific BAC libraries on the web. One of the chitinolytic enzymes was determined to be a heterodimer between a specific exochitinase and different endochitinases dependent upon tissue differences (shoot or root) and the presence or absence of T. harzianum. These heterodimers, which were discovered in this work, are very strongly antifungal, especially the one from shoots in the presence of the biocontrol fungus. Finally, RNA was isolated from plants at Cornell and sent to Israel for transcriptome assessment using Affymetrix chips (the chips became available for maize at the end of the project). The data was sent back to Cornell for bioinformatic analyses and found, in large sense, to be consistent with the proteomic data. The final assessment of this data is just now possible since the full annotation of the sequences in the maize Affy chips is just now available. This work is already being used to discover more effective strains of Trichoderma. It also is expected to elucidate how we may be able to manipulate and breed plants for greater disease resistance, enhanced growth and yield and similar goals. This will be possible since the changes in gene and protein expression that lead to better plant performance can be elucidated by following changes induced by Trichoderma strains. The work was in, some parts, collaborative but in others, most specifically transcriptome analyses, fully synergistic.
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Perl, Avichai, Bruce I. Reisch und Ofra Lotan. Transgenic Endochitinase Producing Grapevine for the Improvement of Resistance to Powdery Mildew (Uncinula necator). United States Department of Agriculture, Januar 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568766.bard.
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The original objectives are listed below: 1. Design vectors for constitutive expression of endochitinase from Trichoderma harzianum strain P1. Design vectors with signal peptides to target gene expression. 2. Extend transformation/regeneration technology to other cultivars of importance in the U.S. and Israel. 3. Transform cultivars with the endochitinase constructs developed as part of objective 1. A. Characterize foliar powdery mildew resistance in transgenic plants. Background of the topic Conventional breeding of grapevines is a slow and imprecise process. The long generation cycle, large space requirements and poor understanding of grapevine genetics prevent rapid progress. There remains great need to improve existing important cultivars without the loss of identity that follows from hybridization. Powdery mildew (Uncinula necator) is the most important fungal pathogen of grapevines, causing economic losses around the world. Genetic control of powdery mildew would reduce the requirement for chemical or cultural control of the disease. Yet, since the trait is under polygenic control, it is difficult to manipulate through hybridization and breeding. Also, because grapevines are heterozygous and vegetatively propagated cultivar identity is lost in the breeding process. Therefore, there is great need for techniques to produce transgenic versions of established cultivars with heterologous genes conferring disease resistance. Such a gene is now available for control of powdery mildew of grapevines. The protein coded by the Endochitinase gene, derived from Trichoderma harzianum, is very effective in suppressing U. necator growth. The goal of this proposal is to develop transgenic grapevines with this antifungal gene, and to test the effect of this gene on resistance to powdery mildew. Conclusions, achievements and implications Gene transfer technology for grape was developed using commercial cultivars for both wine and table grapes. It paved the way for a new tool in grapevine genetic studies enabling the alteration of specific important traits while maintaining the essential features of existing elite cultivars. Regeneration and transformation technologies were developed and are currently at an advanced stage for USA wine and Israeli seedless cultivars, representing the cutting edge of grape genetic engineering studies worldwide. Transgenic plants produced are tested for powdery mildew resistance in greenhouse and field experiments at both locations. It is our ultimate goal to develop transgenic grapes which will be more efficient and economical for growers to produce, while also providing consumers with familiar products grown with reduced chemical inputs.