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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Flooded area“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Flooded area"
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Ivanisevic, Marko, Stevan Savic, Dragoslav Pavic, Slobodan Gnjato, and Tatjana Popov. "Spatio-temporal patterns of flooded areas in the lower part of the Sana river basin (Bosnia and Herzegovina)." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 102, no. 2 (2022): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd2202067i.
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Floods are the most frequent and devastating natural hazard event in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The detected increase in extreme precipitation over the study area in the last period has altered flood event patterns due to climate changes. Higher frequency of flood events and lack of flood protection infrastructure has a severe impact on socio-economic sectors and natural ecosystems. This paper focuses on the identification of flooded areas for each single flooding event in the lower part of the Sana river basin during the period 2016-2020. For delineating flooded areas, both radar and optical satellite imagery were used. Data obtained after processing remote sensing images were overlaid with a detailed land cover map in order to get insight into flooded land cover types. From temporal aspects, floods are most common during the spring season. They are usually caused by rapid snowmelt and prolonged excessive precipitation. Considering spatial aspects, flooded areas vary from 110 to 522 hectares in the study area. Over 95% of the flooded areas are arable land, meadows and pastures. Most affected settlements by floods are urban and suburban area of Prijedor, Gomjenica, Hambarine, Rakovcani, Rizvanovici, Brezicani, Donja Dragotinja, Vitasavci, Svodna, Blagaj Rijeka and urban area of Novi Grad. The applied methodological approach represents a starting point for further investigation of flooded areas in the Sana basin and data obtained by this analysis can be used in water management, spatial planning and emergency planning.
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Jamali, A., and A. Abdul Rahman. "FLOOD MAPPING USING SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR: A CASE STUDY OF RAMSAR FLASH FLOOD." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W16 (October 1, 2019): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w16-291-2019.
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Abstract. Disasters including flash floods, earthquakes, and landslides have huge economic and social losses besides their impact on environmental disruption. Studying environmental changes due to climate change can improve public and expert sector’s awareness and response towards future disastrous events. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technologies are valuable tools for flood modeling and surface deformation modeling. This paper proposes an efficient approach to detect the flooded area changes using Sentinel-1A over Ramsar flood on 5th October 2018. For detection of the flooded area due to flash flood SARPROZ in MATLAB programming language is used and discussed. Flooded areas in Ramsar are detected based on the change detection modeling using normalized difference values of amplitude belonging to the master image (on 28th September 2018) and the slave image (on 10th October 2018).
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Hutanu, Elena, Andrei Urzica, and Andrei Enea. "Evaluation of Damages Caused by Floods, Based on Satellite Images. Case Study: Jijia River, Slobozia-Dângeni Sector, July 2010." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 12, no. 2 (2018): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pesd-2018-0035.
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Abstract This research aimed to identify flooded areas following the July 2010 floods, using Landsat 7-ETM + satellite imagery and a more efficient way to extract water bodies. By computing several indices, such as MNDWI, NDWI, NDVI, AWI, WRI and NDMI, it was concluded that, in the present case, the NDWI index was most effective, the data obtained having a very good accuracy. The studied area was the Jijia River Slobozia-Dângeni sector, the Landsat 7-ETM + images were taken on July 3, 2010. The flow rate at this time at the Dângeni station was 473 cm, decreasing compared to July 1, 2010 when the share reached 579 cm. The flooded area obtained is 15.80 km2, the maximum extension of the flood area on July 3, 2010 being approx. 1 km on the localities of Durneşti and Sapoveni. The study found 143 houses in 19 localities flooded. Of the total flooded areas, the largest share is held by arable land (44.58%), with a surface area of 7.04 km2.
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Gonuguntla, Hemalatha, Khudoyberdi Abdivaitov, Mahalingam Bose, and Muzaffar Rakhmataliev. "A comparison of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 in assessing flooded area and built-up land use: A case study of selected coastal districts in Andra Pradesh, India." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 2 (2020): 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-2-26-421-435.
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In tropical climatic conditions, floods occur during heavy rainfall. Floods during this thick cloud cover partially stops the optical imagery to pass through the atmosphere and record the surface reflectance. Another kind of satellite imagery that is available is microwave remote sensing data that can pass through the clouds. However, the exploration of this microwave remote sensing began recently for earth observation applications. So, the algorithms and methods available for exploiting advantages from microwave data is still under research. The current part of the work is to explore the methods available to differentiate between the microwave data (Sentinel-1) and Optical imagery (Sentinel-2) in flooded and built-up area estimation. The ultimate aim is to conclude with most suitable datasets and fast computing methods in estimating the built-up area and flooded area during the emergency disaster time. Two case studies taken up for the study are August 2019 East Godavari floods and October 2019 Titli cyclone. So, the adopted method to estimate the flooded areas and built-up areas from the Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-2B was RGB clustering (Red, Green and Blue clustering) using the derived RGB colour combinations in snap 7.0 software. The datasets were classified into built-up, flooded area and vegetation areas using Random Forest supervised classification, a machine learning technique Validation of estimated built-up and flooded areas estimated from Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-2B was done using the random pixel distribution technique. Since the de-centralisation of estimated flooded areas and built-up area helps in fast distribution of the response forces to the affected area, estimation of built-up and flooded area was also taken up for the sub-districts of East Godavari district, India. Finally, the study estimates the damaged built-up and vegetation due to August 2019 East Godavari floods from Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-2B. Flooded area due to ‘Titli’ cyclone 2018 was estimated in East Godavari, Visakhapatnam and Vijianagaram districts of Andhra Pradesh state.
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Das, Indira, and Sujit Deka. "Impact of Flood on the Socio-Economic Conditions in the Southern Part of Kamrup District, Assam." Space and Culture, India 8, no. 4 (2021): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v8i4.665.
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Flood causes extreme loss of infrastructure and human life; besides it also propagates the condition of poverty and unceasing marginalisation of the affected region from development. This study elucidates how flood contributes to the socio-economic conditions of the rural people living in the Southern part of the Kamrup district of Assam. It focusses on flood hazard zoning and flood vulnerability analyses that are delineated based on the data collected from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Near Real-Time (NRT) Global Flood Mapping Product Portal. Flood hazard zoning of the study area is done using Multi-Criteria evaluation method based on rainfall distribution, slope, drainage density, population density, soil type, elevation, flow accumulation, roads, and embankment utilising Cartosat DEM and IRS P6 LISS III data. The zones are identified as actively flooded, chronically flooded, and occasionally flooded zones, which affects 39.4 per cent, 12.9 per cent and 26.1 per cent population respectively covering 1189.2 sq. km, that is, 56.5 per cent area of the study region. The flood vulnerability assessment of the study area is done at village and ward level adapting geospatial assessment in a GIS environment. The findings of the research are generated through observations, key informant interviews with the rural population surveying 1420 number of households. It reveals that 200 villages are affected by floods every year that constitutes 76.6 per cent households and 78.4 per cent of the population of the study area.
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Hidayati, Zakiah. "A JUSTIFIED GRAPH ANALYSIS OF PRAYER SPACE IN FLOODED HOMES." Journal of Islamic Architecture 7, no. 4 (2023): 648–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i4.22423.
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Indonesia's risks of natural disasters force its people to live and adapt. It happens in Samarinda's urban settlements, which flood annually. Indonesia, a religious country, applied religion to most aspects of life. The religious element is persistent even in homes being inundated by floods. Devout Muslims consistently perform the five daily Shalah and sometimes Sunnah prayers in flooded conditions. This paper analyzed the spatial configuration of the Muslim prayer space in the flooded residence from different phases. The study method was based on Justified Graph analysis, and the sample was a stilt house in some periods. The research locus was in the most settlement area covering frequent floods. This research found that Integration and Mean Depth were the critical factors in prayer spaces in flooded homes due to the connection with other spaces, visual control, and interaction. Muslim home renovations should have a prayer space with high Integration value and low Mean Depth. High Integration connects the prayer space to numerous rooms, making controlling and interacting with others during a flood easier. Low Mean Depth allows easy access to the prayer space from the main entrance. A prayer space will ensure the house has a safe area during a flood.
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Pal, Om, Hemraj Hemraj, and Sultan Singh. "Flash-Flood Potential Mapping in Agricultural Land Using Rule-Based Classification Approach on Multi-Temporal Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SAR) Data over Jhajjar and Rohtak Districts of Haryana State." South Asian Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 4, no. 6 (2022): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjet.2022.v04i06.004.
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Flash floods are known to be most dangerous flood. In recent decades there is change in the climate and urban development causing increase in the risk of flash flood for human population. Remote sensing and geographical information system playing a very important and feasible role in assessment of the flash flood over a decade. This paper describes the synergetic use of Synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) data to delineate and mapping of the flooded area at its peak. The methodology was tested on the flash flood event that occurs in Jhajjar and Rohtak districts of Haryana in July, 2022. Four Sentinel-1 Synthetic-aperture radar data were acquired and pre-processed, two images are acquired before the occurrence of the event and two SAR images were acquired after the event. For the identification and demarcation of the flooded area, the rule-based classification approach was used. The results of the study suggests the scope of using multi-temporal Sentinel-1 VV polarized C-band SAR data to develop an operational flash-flood area identification and framework.
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Moya, Luis, Yukio Endo, Genki Okada, Shunichi Koshimura, and Erick Mas. "Drawback in the Change Detection Approach: False Detection during the 2018 Western Japan Floods." Remote Sensing 11, no. 19 (2019): 2320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11192320.
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Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images have been used to map flooded areas with great success. Flooded areas are often identified by detecting changes between a pair of images recorded before and after a certain flood. During the 2018 Western Japan Floods, the change detection method generated significant misclassifications for agricultural targets. To evaluate whether such a situation could be repeated in future events, this paper examines and identifies the causes of the misclassifications. We concluded that the errors occurred because of the following. (i) The use of only a single pair of SAR images from before and after the floods. (ii) The unawareness of the dynamics of the backscattering intensity through time in agricultural areas. (iii) The effect of the wavelength on agricultural targets. Furthermore, it is highly probable that such conditions might occur in future events. Our conclusions are supported by a field survey of 35 paddy fields located within the misclassified area and the analysis of Sentinel-1 time series data. In addition, in this paper, we propose a new parameter, which we named “conditional coherence”, that can be of help to overcome the referred issue. The new parameter is based on the physical mechanism of the backscattering on flooded and non-flooded agricultural targets. The performance of the conditional coherence as an input of discriminant functions to identify flooded and non-flooded agricultural targets is reported as well.
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Moussa, R., and C. Bocquillon. "Approximation zones of the Saint-Venant equations f flood routing with overbank flow." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 4, no. 2 (2000): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-4-251-2000.
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Abstract. The classification of river waves as gravity, diffusion or kinematic waves, corresponds to different forms of the momentum equation in the Saint-Venant system. This paper aims to define approximation zones of the Saint-Venant equations for flood routing in natural channels with overbank flow in the flooded area. Using linear perturbation theory, the different terms in the Saint-equations were analysed as a function of the balance between friction and inertia. Then, using non-dimensionalised variables, flood waves were expressed as a function of three parameters: the Froude number of the steady uniform flow, a dimensionless wave, number of the unsteady component of the motion and the ratio between the flooded area zone width and the main channel width. Finally, different theoretical cases, corresponding to different flooded area zone widths were analysed and compared. Results show that, when the width of the flooded area increases, the domain of application of the diffusive wave and the inematic wave models is restricted. Keywords: Saint-Venant equations; river waves; overbank flow
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Zhang, Keshun, Elizabeth J. Parks-Stamm, Yaqi Ji, and Haiyan Wang. "Beyond Flood Preparedness: Effects of Experience, Trust, and Perceived Risk on Preparation Intentions and Financial Risk-Taking in China." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (2021): 13625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413625.
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Flooding, already the most damaging type of natural disaster in China, is expected to become increasingly costly around the world. However, few studies have examined residents’ flood-preparedness intentions and the effect of flood experience and other variables on general financial risk-taking. This study explored the effects of Chinese residents’ previous flood experiences, trust in public flood protection, and flood-risk perception on flood-preparedness intentions and attitudes towards financial risk-taking in general. Study 1 surveyed residents in a flooded area (n = 241) and a non-flooded area (n = 248); Study 2 surveyed a non-flooded area (n = 1599). The relations between the variables were tested through structural-equation modelling (SEM). Overall, the two studies found that residents’ flood experiences, trust in public protection, and flood-risk perception not only predicted their flood preparedness but also their financial risk aversion. This study highlights the importance of residents’ trust in public flood protection for flood risk management and communication, especially for those who have not yet experienced flooding.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Flooded area"
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Sizemore, Grant. "Foraging quality of flooded agricultural fields within the Everglades Agricultural Area for wading birds (Ciconiiformes)." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041288.
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Le, Bihan Guillaume. "Modèles hydrologiques régionaux pour la prévision distribuée des crues rapides : vers une estimation des impacts et des dommages potentiels." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECDN0011/document.
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Avec le développement des mesures de pluie à hautes résolutions spatiales et temporelles , l’utilisation de modèles hydrométéorologiques distribués est désormais envisagée pour anticiper les phénomènes de crue soudaine sur les petits bassins versants non jaugés. Toutefois les approches développées jusqu’ici se sont généralement concentrées sur l’évaluation des phénomènes hydrologiques, laissant de côté la question de leurs impacts, qui dépendent fortement de la configuration du terrain et des enjeux qui y sont présents. Ce travail de thèse a permis de développer et tester une méthode d’évaluation directe de ces impacts à partir des sorties d’un modèle pluie-débit sur un territoire limité. La démarche mise en oeuvre repose sur un travail préalable d’analyse du territoire permettant d’une part d’évaluer les emprises submergées dans une large gamme de débits par une approche hydraulique simplifiée, puis de construire des relations univoques débit-enjeux pour chaque bief de cours d’eau. Ces relations permettent de produire des cartes d‘enjeux potentiellement touchés ,pouvant être actualisées régulièrement en cours d’événement. Deux études des cas ont permis de réaliser une première évaluation des performances de cette approche, du point de vue de la qualité d’estimation des emprises inondées, et du point de vue des impacts estimés à l’échelle d’un événement grâce à la comparaison avec des données d’assurance. Finalement, ces travaux ont permis de confirmer le potentiel de la méthode, dont les performances semblent en adéquation avec l’objectif visé : obtenir rapidement une première hiérarchisation des impacts occasionnés par les crues soudaines à l’échelle d’un grand territoire<br>With the development of rainfall measurements at highspatial and temporal resolutions, the use of distributed hydrometeorological models is now considered to forecast flash floods on small and ungauged catchment areas. Current flashflood monitoring systems generally enable a real-time assessment of the potential flash-flood magnitudes. However they do not assess the potential impacts of flash-flood, which highly depends on the catchment areas configuration and on the importance of potentially affected assets. The purpose of this PhD research work was to develop and test a method which can be used to directly estimate the impacts of flash-floods, based on the outputs of a distributed rainfall-run off model. The approach is based on a prior analysis of the study area in order to assess the potential impact of different discharge levels on the flooded areas and to identify from geography database the associated buildings at risk. The aim is to build impact models on specific river reaches, using discharge versus impact graphs. The use of these impact models combined with a rainfall-run off model, has enabled us to compute maps of potential impacts, based on real time assessment of flood events updated every 15 minutes. This method was evaluated on two case studies looking at the accuracy and relevance of estimated impacts for each event – and comparing the outcomes to insurance losses data. This research work has helped to confirm the efficiency of this new combined method, which may become a useful tool to forecast large-scale effects of local impacts of flash-floods
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Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar. "Greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2 and N2O) emissions from a newly flooded hydroelectric reservoir in subtropical South Asia : case of Nam Theun 2 reservoir, Lao PDR." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2014/.
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L'augmentation de l'intérêt concernant la part des réservoirs hydroélectrique dans l'augmentation de la concentration atmosphérique des Gaz à Effet de Serre (GES) a amené à mesurer les émissions nettes d'un réservoir hydroélectrique, Nam Theun 2 (NT2) dans la région subtropicale de la République Démocratique Populaire du Laos, Asie. Ce travail est la premiêre évaluation de l'empreinte carbone des GES (c'est à dire : les émissions après ennoiement moins les émissions avant ennoiement) en relation avec la création d'un réservoir hydroélectrique. C'est le résultat d'une étude à grande échelle qui s'est déroulée pendant cinq ans (2008-2012). Nous avons tout d'abord quantifié les sources et les puits majeurs des GES des composants terrestres et aquatiques du paysage avant ennoiement (Mai 2008). Ensuite, à partir d'Avril 2009, cette étude similaire a été réalisée au niveau du réservoir, sa zone de marnage et son aval. C'est en Octobre 2009 que le réservoir hydroélectrique NT2 a, pour la première fois, atteint son niveau maximal et c'est huit mois plus tard, en Mars 2010, que les turbines ont fonctionnées pour la première fois. En se basant sur un suivi bimensuel et sur cinq missions de terrain couvrant toutes les saisons, les émissions des principaux GES (c'est à dire l'oxyde nitreux (N2O), le méthane (CH4) et le dioxyde de carbone (CO2)) ont été mesurées d'Avril 2009 à Décembre 2011. Les émissions ont été déterminées à la surface du réservoir (flux diffusifs et ébullitifs) ainsi que dans les sols de la zone de marnage, qui peut atteindre 370 km2 pour une surface totale de réservoir de 450 km2<br>The identification and accurate quantification of sinks or sources of GHG has become a key challenge for scientists and policy makers groups working on climate change or global warming. The creation of a hydro-reservoir while damming a river for power generation converts the terrestrial ecosystems into aquatic ecosystem and subsequently decomposition of flooded terrestrial soil organic matter stimulates GHG productions and thereby emissions to atmosphere. Tropical or subtropical hydroelectric reservoirs are more significant sources of GHG than boreal or temperate one. The number of hydroelectric reservoirs continues to increase at fast pace specially in the tropical or sub-tropical regions which still hold significant amount of hydropower resources to be exploited. In this context, we study the subtropical hydroelectric Nam Theun 2 (NT2) Reservoir, a complex-structuraldesigned, created on the Nam Theun River in Laos PDR. The main aims of our study are to: (1) Study the GHG dynamics (CH4, N2O and CO2) in the reservoir and in the whole area of influence (downstream and drawdown areas), (2) explore the effectiveness of different methodology (eddy covariance, floating chamber, submerged funnel and thin boundary layer) to assess of GHG emission from a hydroelectric reservoir, (3) determine the environmental controls on the different emission terms; (4) attempt to determine the first net GHG budget of a subtropical hydroelectric reservoir
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Deshmukh, Chandrashekhar. "Greenhouse gas emissions (CH4, CO2 and N2O) from a newly flooded hydroelectric reservoir in subtropical South Asia : The case of Nam Theun 2 Reservoir, Lao PDR." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00862380.
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L'augmentation de l'intérêt concernant la part des réservoirs hydroélectrique dans l'augmentation de la concentration atmosphérique des Gaz à Effet de Serre (GES) a amené à mesurer les émissions nettes d'un réservoir hydroélectrique, Nam Theun 2 (NT2) dans la région subtropicale de la République Démocratique Populaire du Laos, Asie. Ce travail est la première évaluation de l'empreinte carbone des GES (c'est à dire : les émissions après ennoiement moins les émissions avant ennoiement) en relation avec la création d'un réservoir hydroélectrique. C'est le résultat d'une étude à grande échelle qui s'est déroulée pendant cinq ans (2008-2012). Nous avons tout d'abord quantifié les sources et les puits majeurs des GES des composants terrestres et aquatiques du paysage avant ennoiement (Mai 2008). Ensuite, à partir d'Avril 2009, cette étude similaire a été réalisée au niveau du réservoir, sa zone de marnage et son aval. C'est en Octobre 2009 que le réservoir hydroélectrique NT2 a, pour la première fois, atteint son niveau maximal et c'est huit mois plus tard, en Mars 2010, que les turbines ont fonctionnées pour la première fois. En se basant sur un suivi bimensuel et sur cinq missions de terrain couvrant toutes les saisons, les émissions des principaux GES (c'est à dire l'oxyde nitreux (N2O), le méthane (CH4) et le dioxyde de carbone (CO2)) ont été mesurées d'Avril 2009 à Décembre 2011. Les émissions ont été déterminées à la surface du réservoir (flux diffusifs et ébullitifs) ainsi que dans les sols de la zone de marnage, qui peut atteindre 370 km2 pour une surface totale de réservoir de 450 km2.
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Sarker, Chandrama. "Automated detection of flooded areas using machine learning methods." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/211481/1/Chandrama_Sarker_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis provides an analytical study to develop a generalised classification method for faster detection of flooded areas from multispectral remote sensing images. The method is based on the neighbouring spectral information to obtain flood probability information from images. The project also develops an optimization algorithm for refining the probability measures for pixels occluded by cloud cover or cloud shadows using ancillary elevation information of the Australian landscapes. This project investigated different flooding events that occurred in different parts of Queensland and northern New South Wales.
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Pohl, Reinhard. "Flood records in urban areas." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-160702.
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Even in urban areas reliable and precise information about possible floods and related water levels as well as inundation areas are needed to minimize potential damages. One main requirement for this issue is to correct the stage-discharge relations which are sometimes not available. This paper reconsiders the use of historical hydrologic data in urban areas which have fundamentally changed even concerning the river beds, cross sections and floodplain areas. By means of an historical approach the flood statistics has been updated with surprising results.
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Chawawa, Nancy Elsie. "Why do smallholder farmers insist on living in flood prone areas? : understanding self-perceived vulnerability and dynamics of local adaptation in Malawi." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31421.
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The Government of Malawi, through delegates from the Department of Disaster Management Affairs, has on several occasions advised smallholder farmers who live in flood prone areas to relocate to upland areas that are safe from floods. Smallholder farmers have refused to do so and continue to live in the flood prone areas despite experiencing on-going flooding. Smallholder farmers living in flood prone areas in Malawi insist that flash floods bring fertile soils from upland areas that enhance crop production in the flood prone areas. These fertile soils allow smallholder farmers to grow a variety of crops, fruits and vegetables throughout the year, some of which they sell. Within this context, my research critically explores how smallholder farmers perceive their vulnerability to floods and seeks to understand the factors and processes that motivate them to live in the flood prone areas. It also examines the realities and dynamics of local adaptation in the flood prone areas in Malawi through opportunities, challenges, barriers and limitations. The research uses 57 in-depth interviews, a household survey involving 227 households, participant observations and 12 focus group discussions with smallholder farmers. Findings show that firstly, smallholder farmers are not ready to abandon their land and relocate upland because floods are part of their lives and livelihood strategies. Secondly, that power dynamics at household and community levels based on gender roles and culture need to be understood and accounted for in local adaptation strategies in order to effectively enhance local adaptive capacity. Thirdly, that social networks and interdependence between the smallholder farmers living in flood prone areas and those living in upland areas play a significant role in the adoption of local adaptation strategies and adaptation to floods and droughts through temporary migration. This thesis reveals that the perception and extent of vulnerability to floods is dynamic and differentiated based on several factors. The thesis also reveals that local adaption is a complex process such that in some cases, the realities of power dynamics at both the household and community level affects local adaptive capacity to floods. Transformational adaptation that incorporates specific and contextual adaptation strategies is therefore recommended as one of the best approaches towards achieving successful adaptation to climate variability and resilience.
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Carisi, Francesca <1986>. "Anthropogenic Drivers of Flood-Risk Dynamics over Large Flood-Prone Areas." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8168/7/Carisi_Francesca_Dissertation_XXIX_cicle.pdf.
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Flood risk assessment and management witnessed an extremely significant improvement during the last two decades pro-actively responding to the increasing impact of floods worldwide and to the promulgation of the European Flood Directive 2007/60/EC. In spite of these efforts, the uncertainties associated with all components of flood risk (hazard, exposure and susceptibility) are still high and several open problems still need to be accurately investigated. Addressing three different Italian case studies, this Dissertation aims at shedding some light on the most important flood risk related issues for which current literature seems to be still sparse. Concerning flood hazard, we investigates the role of different human-induced drivers and showed that the influence of anthropogenic land-subsidence near the city of Ravenna is definitely less important than the impact of the linear infrastructures in altering the flooding dynamics. With regard to flood exposure, we proposes an innovative simplified tool proving to be reliable to assess how and where a specific land-use class developed over time. By adopting these tools we investigated the evolution of exposure of residential sector over the entire floodplain of the middle-lower portion of the Po river during the last 50 years, showing that the expected economic damages in case of a catastrophic flood event doubled during this time span. Finally, focusing on flood susceptibility, we collected and analysed damage data for a real inundation event of January 2014 concerning the Secchia river to develop uni- and multi-variate damage models for flood losses evaluation. Their performance was compared with the one of widely used literature models, pointing out that the latter, originally developed for specific contexts, should not be exported to different contexts. The multi-variate approach slightly outperforms the uni-variate one. Furthermore, our results highlight the need for a comprehensive collection of post-event data, aiming at validating existing models.
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Fintling, Carolina. "Flood Risk Perception in Tanzania : A Case of Flood Affected Arean in Dar es Salaam." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Human Geography, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1387.
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<p>The main objective of this study is to understand and asses flood risk perception among people living in Msimbazi Valley in Das es Salaam, Tanzania. Many of the people I have interviewed are experiencing flooding every year but it is rarely considered disastrous. Looked at individually they may not be disasters but cumulatively they may be. The rapid urbanisation, in this part of the world, forces people to live on hazardous but central land because of the livelihood opportunities available there. The government and the local communities are well aware of the risk of floods in the area and are considered as a serious threat to the families. People are still living in these areas because they find the benefits big enough to make up the risks.</p>
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Pung, H. K. "Flood routing techniques for fibre optic local area networks with arbitrartopology." Thesis, University of Kent, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332715.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBücher zum Thema "Flooded area"
1
A, Morrissey Leslie, Livingston Gerald P, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Microwave backscatter and attenuation dependence of leaf area index for flooded rice fields. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.
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2
Varnell, Curtis J. Feasibility of obtaining drinking water from the abandoned, flooded, underground coal mines in the area of Greenwood, Arkansas. University of Arkansas, 2006.
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3
Alcira, Kreimer, Kullock David, and Valdes Juan B, eds. Inundaciones en el Area Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. World Bank, 2000.
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4
Hjalmarson, H. W. Flood hazards of distributary-flow areas in southwestern Arizona. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.
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U.S. National Park Service. Lake Chelan National Recreation Area: Land protection plan. National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Lake Chelan National Recreation Area, 2012.
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Hjalmarson, H. W. Potential flood hazards and hydraulic characteristics of distributary-flow areas in Maricopa County, Arizona. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.
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Hjalmarson, H. W. Potential flood hazards and hydraulic characteristics of distributary-flow areas in Maricopa County, Arizona. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.
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Blodgett, J. C. Flood of January 1982 in the San Francisco Bay area, California. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.
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Blodgett, J. C. Flood of January 1982 in the San Francisco Bay area, California. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.
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Blodgett, J. C. Flood of January 1982 in the San Francisco Bay area, California. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1989.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Flooded area"
1
Madake, Jyoti, Raj Mali, Anzar Shahapure, Prajakta More, and Shripad Bhatlawande. "FloodDetectionNet: U-Net Attention Based Flooded Area Segmentation." In Information Systems Engineering and Management. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69197-3_25.
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2
Lacava, Teodosio, Luca Brocca, Irina Coviello, Mariapia Faruolo, Nicola Pergola, and Valerio Tramutoli. "Integration of Optical and Passive Microwave Satellite Data for Flooded Area Detection and Monitoring." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 3. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09054-2_126.
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3
Atmodjo, Danang, Slamet Imam Wahyudi, Henny Pratiwi Adi, and Rahmatia Sarah Wahyudi. "Selection of Highway Underpass Accessibility Solution for Flooded Area Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Method." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5910-1_11.
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Ballmer, Ariane, Kalin Dimitrov, Nayden Prahov, and Pavel Georgiev. "Prehistoric Wetland Settlements of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast." In Natural Science in Archaeology. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52780-7_9.
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AbstractAlong Bulgaria’s Black Seacoast, a series of settlement remains from the Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age have been preserved underwater and in marshy environments. A few of them seem originally to have been terrestrial settlements which were flooded and abandoned when the level of the Black Sea rose, while others were actual wetland settlements. Specific remains of ‘pile-dwelling’ architecture have been found, for example, at sites in the Varna Lakes area, in Sozopol harbour, and at Ropotamo and Urdoviza. As well as drawing parallels with the pan-European phenomenon of pile-dwellings, the paper examines the broader significance of the Bulgarian wetland settlements, including their complex interrelationship with the water system and their role in the overall cultural landscape at the time of their occupation.
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Sun, Rui, Jinxia Xu, and Liang Zhang. "Rainstorm Waterlogging Simulation and Risk Assessment in Central Urban Area of Chengdu, China." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8401-1_9.
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AbstractUrban rainstorm waterlogging disasters affect the sustainable urban development seriously. The distribution of waterlogging disaster risk is not only affected by rainstorm, but also closely related to urban terrain, population distribution and urban built environment. In this paper, based on the soil conservation service (SCS) runoff generation model and GIS tools, we selected Chengdu as the research area and proposed a simplified urban rainstorm waterlogging disaster model which can simulate the 3h waterlogging scenarios under the 10, 50, and100 year return periods of rainstorm. The proposed model overcome the drawbacks of time-consuming calculation, high data demands and low applicability of the previous hydrodynamic model. The results show that: (1) Under the rainstorm return period of 10a, 50a and 100a, the maximum inundation elevation in the central urban area can reach 0.67m, 0.72m and 0.79m, respectively. The flooded area accounts for 4.3%, 12.6% and 18.4% of the central urban area, respectively. (2) The ROC value of MaxENT waterlogging probability prediction model developed in this paper is above 0.8, and the distance from road traffic is the most contribution factor. (3) The risk level of rainstorm and waterlogging in the south of the Chengdu is significantly higher than that in the north, and gradually decreases from the urban center to the surrounding suburbs. This risk distribution is closely related to the precipitation climate distribution and the terrain.
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Takizawa, Atsushi, and Yutaka Kawagishi. "Optimization of Evacuation and Walking-Home Routes from Osaka City After a Nankai Megathrust Earthquake Using Road Network Big Data." In Sublinear Computation Paradigm. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4095-7_15.
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AbstractWhen a disaster such as a large earthquake occurs, the resulting breakdown in public transportation leaves urban areas with many people who are struggling to return home. With people from various surrounding areas gathered in the city, unusually heavy congestion may occur on the roads when the commuters start to return home all at once on foot. In this chapter, it is assumed that a large earthquake caused by the Nankai Trough occurs at 2 p.m. on a weekday in Osaka City, where there are many commuters. We then assume a scenario in which evacuation from a resulting tsunami is carried out in the flooded area and people return home on foot in the other areas. At this time, evacuation and returning-home routes with the shortest possible travel times are obtained by solving the evacuation planning problem. However, the road network big data for Osaka City make such optimization difficult. Therefore, we propose methods for simplifying the large network while keeping those properties necessary for solving the optimization problem and then recovering the network. The obtained routes are then verified by large-scale pedestrian simulation, and the effect of the optimization is verified.
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Pask, Nigel. "Washland Management in the Ouse Washes Conservation Area." In Floods and Flood Management. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1630-5_5.
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Alharbi, Saeed, and Gerald Mills. "Assessment of Exposure to Flash Flooding in an Arid Environment: A Case Study of the Jeddah City Neighborhood Abruq Ar Rughamah, Saudi Arabia." In Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering: DPRI reports. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_14.
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AbstractIn arid areas, flash floods represent one of the most severe hazards for people and infrastructure alike. The associated risks are compounded by increasing exposure and vulnerability through rapid and unregulated urbanization, poor infrastructure, and sociocultural factors, among other elements. This research explores the flash flooding risk in the Saudi Arabian city of Jeddah with a particular focus on the Abruq Ar Rughamah neighborhood, which experienced a destructive flood in November 2009 that resulted in 116 deaths and 1,200 families becoming homeless. The neighborhood is an interesting case study as it has two distinctive urban layouts representing planned and irregular settlement types. In this paper, the focus is placed on exposure to flash flood hazards using a geographic information system to study urban layouts, building types, and resident populations in conjunction with data from satellites, flood mapping studies, and topographic data. The results show that most of the study area is located along a natural flood path. The regions that were affected by the 2009 disaster received no comprehensive site rehabilitation. This paper concludes that it is important to develop a risk management strategy that includes limiting urban expansion in flood-prone areas and redesigning neighborhoods to increase flood resilience.
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Christophe, Esposito, Jean-Louis Ballais, and Chave Sylvain. "Comparison Between Flooded Areas and Flood-Risk Areas. Case of Var Department (France)." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 5. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09048-1_154.
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Tang, Qiuhong, Xiaobo Yun, Jie Wang, et al. "Water Hazards: Drought and Flood." In Water Resources in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin: Impact of Climate Change and Human Interventions. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0759-1_7.
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AbstractDroughts and floods are the main threats to the Lancang-Mekong River Basin (LMRB). Drought mainly occurs during the dry season, especially in March and April, in the LMRB. The “dry gets drier” paradigm performs well in the LMRB, specifically in the Mekong Delta. Further, flood frequency and magnitude, which are determined by heavy rain, are also increasing in the LMRB. Droughts and floods show obvious seasonal and regional characteristics in the LMRB. The LMRB is a well-known rainstorm-flood basin. Floods in the LMRB are mainly caused by heavy rain. The LMRB is dominated by regional floods, and basin-wide floods rarely occur. From upstream to downstream, the flood peak and flood volume have shown increasing trends. Meanwhile, moving further downstream, the flood season ends later. In the upstream areas, floods are mainly concentrated in the period from July to October, with the highest probability of floods occurring in August. For the downstream areas, the flood season is from August to October. Climate change is one of the major factors affecting the LMRB’s droughts and floods. Global warming is an indisputable fact. Under global warming, extreme hydrological events show a tendency to increase. Climate models have suggested a future potential for increased flood frequency, magnitude, and inundation in the LMRB by 10–140%, 5–44% and 19–43%, respectively. Although the severity and duration of droughts are also increasing, the differences in drought indicators projected by different climate models are significant. Hydropower development was another major factor affecting droughts and floods in the LMRB. Large-scale hydropower development has drastically changed streamflow characteristics since 2009, causing increased dry season flow (+150%) and decreased wet season flow (−25%), as well as reduced flood magnitude (−2.3 to −29.7%) and frequency (−8.2 to −74.1%). Large-scale reservoirs will have a profound impact on hydrological characteristics, droughts and floods, agriculture, fisheries, energy supply, and environmental protection in the LMRB. Coupling climate models and hydrological models is the main way to study the impact of climate change and reservoir operation in the LMRB. Climate change indirectly affects hydrological characteristics by affecting meteorological parameters, while reservoirs can directly change the propagation from meteorological extreme events to hydrological extreme events by releasing/storing water in different situations. Hydrological models are the link connecting and quantifying the coupled effects of climate change and reservoirs. More studies are needed to develop a comprehensive understanding of the future impacts of climate change and reservoir operation on extreme events in the LMRB, as well as adaptation and mitigation measures.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Flooded area"
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Sato, Ryoichi, Masaki Watabe, Hiroyoshi Yamada, and Yoshio Yamaguchi. "Fundamental Study on Polarimetric Scattering For Change Detection in Flooded Built-up Area." In 2024 International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/isap62502.2024.10846452.
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Banescu, Alexandru, Simionov Matei, Oliver Livanov, Paula Pindic, and Dragos Balaican. "EVALUATING FLOOD RISKS AND VULNERABILITIES IN CARAORMAN, DANUBE DELTA: INSIGHTS FROM HYDRAULIC MODELLING." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/1.1/s01.08.
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Rural areas and infrastructure in the Danube Delta are affected by natural disasters, and the frequency and severity of hydrological phenomena are increasing due to climate change. The rural areas of the Danube Delta experience significant flooding due to the high levels of the Danube, often resulting from quantitatively significant precipitation. The protection dyke system related to the Danube River is most often affected by floods that sometimes lead to the failure of the dykes. Dyke failure is noted by the appearance of one or more breaches in the body of the dyke that may extend along the dammed part, in most cases due to the diving of the banks. Floods that occur on the Danube are usually very long-lasting, resulting in impressive flows that can persist for weeks or even months. In this paper, the flooded areas of the Caraorman locality in the Danube Delta will be analyzed using two specialized programs. Two methods of flood risk analysis will be used for the development of flood maps: the static method and the dynamic method. The entire analysis process is based on the Digital Terrain Model for the Danube Delta, a tool with which we will perform hydraulic modelling in highly accurate conditions. The results will be expressed as flood maps that will indicate the water depth in different areas of Caraorman, the flood limit and its intensity depending on the simulated inundation level. At the same time, the results obtained in this paper can be useful to decision-makers, local authorities and implicitly to the population of the area of the affected locality. Therefore, this paper uses several categories of data sets such as hydrological data on water flows and water levels on the Danube, and also topo-bathymetric data represented by cross sections along the Danube bed and adjacent channels. Nevertheless, to perform hydraulic modeling we will also use the roughness coefficient from Manning's formula. Climate change is an important challenge that needs to be prioritized and addressed as best as possible. Among the most significant consequences of climate change, river flash floods are events that usually cause significant damage. Finally, this research renders an important framework both for the local authorities of the Danube Delta and for the population living in that area
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Sumalan, A., D. Popescu, and L. Ichim. "Flooded area detection using UAV images." In 2016 24th Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/telfor.2016.7818798.
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Banescu, A., M. Simionov, O. Livanov, P. Pindic, and M. Tudor. "ANALYSIS OF THE FLOOD RISK IN THE PATLAGEANCA AREA NEAR CEATAL ISMAIL FROM THE DANUBE DELTA." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/3.1/s12.03.
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Since ancient times, mankind has tried to establish a causality of the phenomena that occur in the surrounding world, to find solutions and answers. Floods are widespread in the Danube Delta they cause great material damage and loss of human life and important consequences. The production of floods in the Danube Delta is due to the entry into the Danube of large amounts of water from rains, from the sudden melting of snow and mountain glaciers, as well as from underground water sheets. Deforestation favors the rapid runoff of water on the slopes and the production of heavy floods. Risks can be classified either according to the mode of manifestation (slow or fast) or according to the cause (naturales au anthropique). They produce smaller or larger damages depending on their amplitude and the favorable factors in the place or region where they manifest. In order to identify the risk, the emerging risks must first be identified, there are a number of risk identification and evaluation methodologies. In the present work, several flood scenarios will be analyzed for the Patlageanca locality in the Danube Delta using two flood risk analysis methods. Flood risk analysis methods will be applied using two specialized programs that perform flood scenarios at different water levels. The main database is represented by the digital land model for the town of Patlageanca. The digital model together with the data collected in the field such as bathymetric information, flows and water levels are the starting source for the flood risk analysis of the target locality. The results provide information on the depth of water on flooded portions and the extent of flooded areas. The results presented in this paper can provide concrete support to the authorities who have decision-making power to establish action measures to intervene in the reduction of flood risk. Therefore, the present work represents a sum of several engineering methods that, applied, can contribute to the creation of flood maps for a locality located in an area at risk of flooding. Flooding can cause particularly significant damage in the Danube Delta, especially on the main arms where there are human settlements. For this reason, multiple points of view, methods, hypotheses and future possibilities adapted to new trends (social, economic, natural) and determined by different factors, play an important role in flood risk management and in establishing flood vulnerable areas.
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Raj, Jeberson Retna, Immanuael Charless, Mohamed Ayman Latheef, and Senduru Srinivasulu. "Identifying the Flooded Area Using Deep Learning Model." In 2021 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Engineering and Management (ICIEM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciem51511.2021.9445356.
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Lu, Xin, Jieqoing Wang, Zhenghuan Wang, and Hong Sun. "Flooded area detection using multi-temporal TerraSAR-X data." In 2009 2nd Asian-Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar (APSAR). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsar.2009.5374134.
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Salvia, M., F. Grings, C. Bruscantini, et al. "Satellite estimation of flooded area and river water level dynamics." In IGARSS 2014 - 2014 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6947453.
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Maggi, Marta, Pietro A. Brivio, Roberto Colombo, and Roberto Tomasoni. "Flooded area estimation using radar images and digital elevation model." In Remote Sensing, edited by Giovanna Cecchi and Eugenio Zilioli. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.332733.
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Shubhasree, A. V., Praveen Sankaran, and C. V. Raghu. "UAV Image Analysis of Flooded Area Using Convolutional Neural Networks." In 2022 International Conference on Connected Systems & Intelligence (CSI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csi54720.2022.9924038.
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Seddik, Ibrahim Abdelgaffar, Firdaus Bin Mohamed Noordin, Khalid Mohamed Abdul Aziz, et al. "Achieving the Impossible – Chasing Oil Column in Extremely Heterogeneous and Highly Flooded Area by Utilizing Extra Deep Azimuthal Resistivity." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216639-ms.
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Abstract Well placement in flank and highly flooded areas is almost impossible with conventional logging while drilling (LWD) technology. Extremely heterogeneous reservoir properties coupled with an uneven flood front presented high project risk, with the potential to compromise the landing and not optimally place the well, which could impact the well objective. Extra deep azimuthal resistivity (EDAR) look ahead capability with a greater depth of detection is the only feasible technology to mitigate these challenges due to high uncertainty of waterfront. The initial wellbore has been on production since 2010 and reached more than 90% water cut by 2021. To extend its life, the well must be sidetracked as a new drain hole. Since the well was located in a complex geological structure, which was highly flooded with a complicated flood front pattern, the reservoir target was very challenging. Conventional logging technology, which has minimal depth of investigation, does not have sufficient capability to provide data sufficiently far from wellbore to take proactive decisions on landing and placing the well within the oil zone. Look ahead capability of EDAR technology, which can detect much deeper resistivity contrast ahead of the bit, was selected to identify the optimum landing point. This EDAR technology was also adopted in the horizontal section to geosteeer within the main oil column and assisted in optimizing lower completion design. EDAR inversion has shown tremendous value in mapping the resistivity changes while approaching to land the well in the target zone. It mapped a flooded zone 80 ft ahead of bit. This information helped in optimizing the trajectory to delay the landing while searching for an oil column in the target reservoir. EDAR inversion mapped the oil column 20 ft ahead of bit from the flooded zone and the trajectory was accordingly adjusted to land successfully in the oil pool bounded by water zones above and below. Real-time inversion along the horizontal section was utilized successfully in navigating and mapping the gradual change in oil column towards toe of the well, mapping a thin column (~20ft) at heel to more than 100 ft thick towards well toe.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Flooded area"
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Hoque, Mohammad Mainul, Kazi Iqbal, and Paritosh K. Roy. Impact Of Floods On Education Outcomes: Evidence From Bangladesh Using Satellite And Census Data. Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.57138/nruh9916.
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We study the impact of floods on the education outcomes of high school students in Bangladesh. We construct satellite image-based measures of flood at the union level and combine them with the census data of all high schools for the years 2011-2018. Exploiting within-union variations of the flood measures, we find that the passing rates of public exams and school-based exams of the secondary schools in a union drop significantly if greater areas of that union are flooded. In the case of public exams, for example, the passing rates decreased by 4-9 per cent if the flooded area of a union increased by 1 per cent after controlling for school and year-fixed effects. The impact is found to be more pronounced for female students - the passing rates of female students were about 2 percentage points lower than the male students in the SSC examinations. While the literature argues that the impact of natural disasters on education outcomes is indirect and long-term, we provide robust evidence suggesting that floods' direct and immediate impact on education outcomes can be substantial. Our results have a significant bearing on education policies and disaster management strategies of natural flood-prone developing countries.
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Sett, Dominic, Florian Waldschmidt, Kerstin Bueche, et al. Flood risks in Hue, Central Viet Nam: An assessment of flood hazards, exposures, vulnerabilities, root causes and impacts. United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53324/qzlt4709.
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With its long coastline and dense populations along rivers and coastal zones, Viet Nam is one of the world’s countries most affected by floods. Thua Thien Hue province in Central Viet Nam is one region that is particularly prone to flooding as it has two to three floods of varying severity each year, which cause significant damage to people, infrastructure and nature. To effectively reduce future flood impacts and enhance the region’s resilience to floods, it is crucial to understand flood risk drivers and how they progress to the adverse impacts. These include identifying flood-prone areas, understanding who and what is in these areas, that is, exposed to floods (e.g. people or infrastructure), and determining how exposed people and elements are vulnerable to harm from floods. However, this information is currently unavailable in the region, hindering effective risk management. This report addresses this need with insights into the complex nature of flood risks for the urban region of Hue, and recommendations for comprehensive and sustainable flood risk management and adaptation strategies at the catchment level, including risk-informed spatial development planning. More specifically, this report provides an overview of past flood events and their impacts on the region (see chapter 2), an in-depth analysis of key flood impacts on people, livelihoods, transport and water quality, including risk drivers, root causes and interconnections (see chapter 3), an outlook on future flood risks in Hue (see chapter 4), and entry points for comprehensive flood risk management and adaptation (see chapter 5). The report concludes with a summary and an outlook (see chapter 6).
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Robalino, Juan, Katrina Mullan, Matías Piaggio, and Marisol Guzmán. Does Green Infrastructure Work?: Precipitation, Protected Areas, Floods and Landslides. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005219.
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We evaluate whether floods and landslides are more likely when rain falls inside versus outside protected areas (PAs). We use monthly municipality data for the period 2000-2015 in Guatemala and monthly district data for the period 1992-2019 in Costa Rica. We define relevant catchment areas using water flows to population centers of administrative units. Then, we calculate the precipitation inside and outside PAs within the relevant catchment areas, and test how the frequency of floods and landslides is affected by whether rain falls inside or outside PAs. We use a two-way fixed effect panel data model. For Guatemala, we find no robust statistically significant effects on these types of disasters. However, in Costa Rica, we find that shifts in precipitation towards PAs reduce floods significantly. These results were highly robust. We also find effects on landslides in densely populated districts, as well as reductions in flood-related deaths.
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Memarsadeghi, Natalie, Sebastian Rowan, Adam Sisco, and Ahmad Tavakoly. Enhancing resilience : integrating future flood modeling and socio-economic analysis in the face of climate change impacts. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2025. https://doi.org/10.21079/11681/49803.
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As climate change intensifies, floods will become more severe in some areas with geographic variation, necessitating governments implementing systems providing information for climate adaptation. We aimed to develop a methodology identifying areas at an increased risk. In this study, 100-year recurrence interval flood extents and depths were estimated using an ensemble of six independent Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 climate models for a past and future period under the highest-emissions climate scenario. The flood inundation results were related to social vulnerability for two study areas in the Mississippi River Basin. To identify at-risk areas, the relationship between the spatial distribution of flood depths and vulnerability was assessed. Finally, an analysis of current and future damages on infrastructure from flooding on residential housing to determine whether damages correlated with higher vulnerability areas. Results show flood extents and depths are increasing in the future, ranging from an increase of 6 to 76 km2 in extent. A statistically significant relationship between spatial clusters of flooding and of vulnerability was found. Overall, a framework was established to holistically understand the hydrologic and socioeconomic impacts of climate change, and a methodology was developed for allocating resources at the local scale.
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Schattman, Rachel. Farming the floodplain: New England river governance in a changing climate (Hand-outs). USDA Northeast Climate Hub, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.6956534.ch.
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You are worried about flood impacts from the river that borders your property. While you have
 considered building a levee and placing stones along the bank to protect you land and house
 from erosion, you do not have the equipment or expertise to do so. Additionally, you have seen
 water velocity in the river increase because the farmer upstream has channeled the river. You
 blame the farmer for putting your land and house at greater flood risk. You think that upstream
 land should be allowed to flood to slow water velocity and absorb floodwaters; this would
 protect you and your neighbors from future floods.
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Gregow, Hilppa, Antti Mäkelä, Heikki Tuomenvirta, et al. Ilmastonmuutokseen sopeutumisen ohjauskeinot, kustannukset ja alueelliset ulottuvuudet. Suomen ilmastopaneeli, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31885/9789527457047.
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The new EU strategy on adaptation to climate change highlights the urgency of adaptation measures while bringing forth adaptation as vitally important as a response to climate change as mitigation. In order to provide information on how adaptation to climate change has been promoted in Finland and what calls for attention next, we have compiled a comprehensive information package focusing on the following themes: adaptation policy, impacts of climate change including economic impacts, regional adaptation strategies, climate and flood risks in regions and sea areas, and the availability of scientific data. This report consists of two parts. Part 1 of the report examines the work carried out on adaptation in Finland and internationally since 2005, emphasising the directions and priorities of recent research results. The possibilities of adaptation governance are examined through examples, such as how adaptations steering is organised in of the United Kingdom. We also examine other examples and describe the Canadian Climate Change Adaptation Platform (CCAP) model. We apply current information to describe the economic impacts of climate change and highlight the related needs for further information. With regard to regional climate strategy work, we examine the status of adaptation plans by region and the status of the Sámi in national adaptation work. In part 2 of the report, we have collected information on the temporal and local impacts of climate change and compiled extensive tables on changes in weather, climate and marine factors for each of Finland's current regions, the autonomous Åland Islands and five sea areas, the eastern Gulf of Finland, the western Gulf of Finland, the Archipelago Sea, the Bothnian Sea and the Bay of Bothnia. As regards changes in weather and climate factors, the changes already observed in 1991-2020 are examined compared to 1981-2010 and future changes until 2050 are described. For weather and climate factors, we examine average temperature, precipitation, thermal season duration, highest and lowest temperatures per day, the number of frost days, the depth and prevalence of snow, the intensity of heavy rainfall, relative humidity, wind speed, and the amount of frost per season (winter, spring, summer, autumn). Flood risks, i.e. water system floods, run-off water floods and sea water floods, are discussed from the perspective of catchment areas by region. The impacts of floods on the sea in terms of pollution are also assessed by sea area, especially for coastal areas. With regard to marine change factors, we examine surface temperature, salinity, medium water level, sea flood risk, waves, and sea ice. We also describe combined risks towards sea areas. With this report, we demonstrate what is known about climate change adaptation, what is not, and what calls for particular attention. The results can be utilised to strengthen Finland's climate policy so that the implementation of climate change adaptation is strengthened alongside climate change mitigation efforts. In practice, the report serves the reform of the National Climate Change Adaptation Plan and the development of steering measures for adaptation to climate change both nationally and regionally. Due to its scale, the report also serves e.g. the United Nations’ aim of protecting marine life in the Baltic Sea and the national implementation of the EU strategy for adaptation to climate change. As a whole, the implementation of adaptation policy in Finland must be speeded up swiftly in order to achieve the objectives set and ensure sufficient progress in adaptation in different sectors. The development of binding regulation and the systematic evaluation, monitoring and support of voluntary measures play a key role.
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Crystal, Victoria, Justin Tweet, and Vincent Santucci. Yucca House National Monument: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293617.
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Yucca House National Monument (YUHO) in southwestern Colorado protects unexcavated archeological structures that were constructed by the Ancestral Puebloan people between 1050 and 1300 CE. It was established by Woodrow Wilson by presidential proclamation in 1919 and named “Yucca House” by archeologist Jesse Fewkes as a reference to the names used for this area by the local Ute, Tewa Pueblo, and other Native groups. It was originally only 3.9 ha (9.6 ac) of land, but in 1990, an additional 9.7 ha (24 ac) of land was donated by Hallie Ismay, allowing for the protection of additional archeological resources. Another acquisition of new land is currently underway, which will allow for the protection of even more archeological sites. The archeological resources at YUHO remain unexcavated to preserve the integrity of the structures and provide opportunities for future generations of scientists. One of the factors that contributed to the Ancestral Puebloans settling in the area was the presence of natural springs. These springs likely provided enough water to sustain the population, and the Ancestral Puebloans built structures around one of the larger springs, Aztec Spring. Yet, geologic features and processes were shaping the area of southwest Colorado long before the Ancestral Puebloans constructed their dwellings. The geologic history of YUHO spans millions of years. The oldest geologic unit exposed in the monument is the Late Cretaceous Juana Lopez Member of the Mancos Shale. During the deposition of the Mancos Shale, southwestern Colorado was at the bottom of an inland seaway. Beginning about 100 million years ago, sea level rose and flooded the interior of North America, creating the Western Interior Seaway, which hosted a thriving marine ecosystem. The fossiliferous Juana Lopez Member preserves this marine environment, including the organisms that inhabited it. The Juana Lopez Member has yielded a variety of marine fossils, including clams, oysters, ammonites, and vertebrates from within YUHO and the surrounding area. There are four species of fossil bivalves (the group including clams and oysters) found within YUHO: Cameleolopha lugubris, Inoceramus dimidius, Inoceramus perplexus, and Pycnodonte sp. or Rhynchostreon sp. There are six species of ammonites in three genera found within YUHO: Baculites undulatus, Baculites yokoyamai, Prionocyclus novimexicanus, Prionocyclus wyomingensis, Scaphites warreni, and Scaphites whitfieldi. There is one unidentifiable vertebrate bone that has been found in YUHO. Fossils within YUHO were first noticed in 1875–1876 by W. H. Holmes, who observed fossils within the building stones of the Ancestral Puebloans’ structures. Nearly half of the building stones in the archeological structures at YUHO are fossiliferous slabs of the Juana Lopez Member. There are outcrops of the Juana Lopez 0.8 km (0.5 mi) to the west of the structures, and it is hypothesized that the Ancestral Puebloans collected the building stones from these or other nearby outcrops. Following the initial observation of fossils, very little paleontology work has been done in the monument. There has only been one study focused on the paleontology and geology of YUHO, which was prepared by paleontologist Mary Griffitts in 2001. As such, this paleontological resource inventory report serves to provide information to YUHO staff for use in formulating management activities and procedures associated with the paleontological resources. In 2021, a paleontological survey of YUHO was conducted to revisit previously known fossiliferous sites, document new fossil localities, and assess collections of YUHO fossils housed at the Mesa Verde National Park Visitor and Research Center. Notable discoveries made during this survey include: several fossils of Cameleolopha lugubris, which had not previously been found within YUHO; and a fossil of Pycnodonte sp. or Rhynchostreon sp. that was previously unknown from within YUHO.
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Ul Haq, Ijaz, and Saima Ashraf. Temporary and Permanent Sanitation in Flood Relief Camps and Communities, Pakistan. Institute of Development Studies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.19088/slh.2024.011.
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This case study documents efforts following the devastating 2022 floods in Pakistan, where unprecedented torrential rains triggered massive floods which affected the areas of Sindh, Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and South Punjab. This case study focuses on the temporary and permanent arrangements for the rehabilitation and rebuilding of sanitation facilities in these affected areas. It details the sanitation arrangements made in temporary flood relief camps, including development and distribution of menstrual hygiene kits and development of awareness campaigns to overcome social reluctance to use them. Successful adaptations included engaging female workers and volunteers to address the privacy concerns of women and misconception about menstrual hygiene products; conducting awareness campaigns to promote the usage of latrines and discourage the practice of open defecation particularly amongst men. Communication barriers were overcome through engagement with community representatives or leaders and village committees.
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Hasan, Abdulghani. Flood Modelling Tool : an integrated GIS and hydrological modelling tool for planning nature-based solutions in the urban environment. Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Horticulture and Crop Production Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.5s9t2ca774.
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The risk of pluvial flooding is going to increase as climate change causes an increase in intense precipitation along with urbanisation leading to an increase in impermeable surfaces. In the last decade, cities such as Malmö and Copenhagen have already experienced severe pluvial flooding that has caused extensive damage. Adapting to climate change by creating flood resilient urban areas is therefore important and blue-green infrastructure (BGI) may be one measure to accomplish this. A hydrological model called TFM-DYN has been used to investigate whether BGI can aid the mitigation of pluvial flooding. TFM-DYN can also assist in selecting the best locations of BGIs. The problem of modeling urban floods using distributed high resolution hydrological models while considering the hydrological process in the upstream area is difficult due to the limited current computation capacity. However, coupling a distributed hydrological model (TFM-DYN) with an other semi distributed models (HYPE) is crucial to enable simulate, predict and map floods with high-resolution for an urban area while considering its catchment area. With the using of the new suggested coupled hydrological model, it is possible to connect and use the output results from HYPE model as an input to a distributed model (TFM-DYN). The interaction between HYPE and TFM-DYN will consider the hydrologic process occurred outside the model boundary of the interested urban area. The coupling of the two models will help initiating the model with real water depth data that may lead to more realistic simulation. The procedure of input data manipulation using the two model interactions is explained in details. The model is tested on a selected urban area to dynamically simulate the changes in the water depth with time using high resolution gridded data. The new coupled model can be of a great tool for wide range of user and stakeholders as an example to municipalities, water experts, insurance companies and to all other interested water organizations who have access to regional catchment models and in need for a high-resolution, flood simulation and mapping model.
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Sava, Elena, Guido Cervone, and Alfred Kalyanapu. Multiscale observation product (MOP) for temporal flood inundation mapping of the 2015 Dallas Texas Flood. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48713.
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This paper presents a new data fusion multiscale observation product (MOP) for flood emergencies. The MOP was created by integrating multiple sources of contributed open-source data with traditional spaceborne remote sensing imagery to provide a sequence of high spatial and temporal resolution flood inundation maps. The study focuses on the 2015 Memorial Day floods that caused up to US$61 million of damage. The Hydraulic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) model was used to simulate water surfaces for the northern part of the Trinity River in Dallas, using reservoir surcharge releases and topographic data provided by the US Army Corps of Engineers. A measure of fit assessment is performed on the MOP flood maps with the HEC-RAS simulated flood inundation output to quantify spatial differences. Estimating possible flood inundation using individual datasets that vary spatially and temporally allow an understanding of how much each observational dataset contributes to the overall water estimation. Results show that water surfaces estimated by MOP are comparable with the simulated output for the duration of the flood event. Additionally, contributed data, such as Civil Air Patrol, although they may be geographically sparse, become an important data source when fused with other observation data.