Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Fitspiration’s body ideal“

Swimmer Dara Torres’s comeback to her sport at 41 years of age was a prominent story from the 2008 Beijing Olympics. While her record making swims made her comeback an athletic success, the importance of her comeback extends beyond her athletic accomplishments. Media representations of Torres during her comeback construct her body and the lifestyle that produced it as inspirational—or fitspirational. Although the term circulates widely in U.S. popular culture, and despite its importance in reframing what a woman’s ideal body is and how it is achieved, fitspiration has not received much attention from scholars. In this article, we use the constructed narrative of Torres’s 2008 comeback to demonstrate how notions of individualism, self-monitoring practices, personal responsibility, and empowerment in conjunction with long-standing ideological portrayals of women athletes erase social inequalities and perpetuate heteronormative ideals. The constructed narrative produces her as a fitspirational figure whom American women should emulate. Furthermore, this process transforms Torres from an elite athlete to a mom who used sport to regain her fitness. Her status as an elite athlete is marginalized and her body becomes attainable through the representation of her age and motherhood as barriers that can be overcome through self-monitored consumptive practices.

The increasingly popular #fitspiration community on Instagram aims to promote body positivity and inspire health in its followers. However, fitspiration accounts often endorse unattainable, overly fit body ideals. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of viewing fitspiration photos on body image and fit-ideal internalisation. We compared 109 British students’ (18–50 years-old) responses on state self-esteem, mood satisfaction, body satisfaction and fit-ideal internalisation before and after viewing fitspiration photos. Online questionnaires exposed students to either five male or five female fitspiration photos, respectively for their given gender. Photos were sourced from public Instagram accounts. This study also examined the influence age and Instagram usage have on body image. Exposure to fitspiration photos produced a significant reduction in state self-esteem, mood satisfaction and fit-ideal internalisation, but had no significant influence on body satisfaction. Age had no effect on body image; however, gender impacted mood satisfaction and fit-ideal internalisation. Instagram usage influenced fit-ideal internalisation, with specific Instagram factors, such as how the importance of a photo’s “likes” were negatively associated with state self-esteem, mood and body satisfaction. Unexpectedly, Instagram frequency use and posting were related to higher levels of state self-esteem. Detailed explanations of the findings and potential future research opportunities are also discussed.

Exposure to fitspiration content via social media can influence women’s body satisfaction and exercise inspiration, but fitspiration exposure has not been investigated in men. This study examined links between the frequency of viewing fitspiration content on Instagram, and men’s body satisfaction, appearance-based exercise motivation and health-based exercise motivation, and whether those relationships were mediated by muscular-ideal internalisation and/or appearance comparison tendency. Participants were 17- to 27-year-old Australian men who used Instagram ( N = 118). Frequency of viewing fitspiration content was not directly associated with body satisfaction or reasons for exercise. However, significant indirect pathways were observed through greater muscular-ideal internalisation and appearance comparison tendency. Viewing more fitspiration content was associated with greater muscular-ideal internalisation and higher appearance comparison tendency, which in turn was associated with less body satisfaction, more appearance-based exercise motivation and less health-based exercise motivation. Fitspiration appears to be more closely related to appearance than health in men.

This study examined the relationship between Instagram use (overall, as well as specifically viewing fitspiration images) and body image concerns and self-objectification among women between the ages of 18 and 25 from the United States ( n = 203) and from Australia ( n = 73). Furthermore, this study tested whether internalization of the societal beauty ideal, appearance comparison tendency in general, or appearance comparisons to specific target groups on Instagram mediated any relationships between Instagram use and the appearance-related variables. Greater overall Instagram use was associated with greater self-objectification, and that relationship was mediated both by internalization and by appearance comparisons to celebrities. More frequently viewing fitspiration images on Instagram was associated with greater body image concerns, and that relationship was mediated by internalization, appearance comparison tendency in general, and appearance comparisons to women in fitspiration images. Together, these results suggest that Instagram usage may negatively influence women’s appearance-related concerns and beliefs.

The purpose of the present study was to gain knowledge and understanding on fitspiration, itsbody ideal perception and exercise behaviour in a sample of young adults who are exercisers, daily social media usersand also fitspiration followers. To that end, semi-structured interviews were carried out to gather information from eight young adult exercisers (M = 22.5, SD =3.5 years). Thematic analysis (TA; Braun & Clarke, 2006) was used to analyse the data. The results were divided into three parts, 1) perception of fitspiration which has three main themes: Fitspiration as a tool that supports healthy behaviour, Untrustworthy fitspirational content, and Negative outcome on emotional well-being. 2) Fitspiration’s body ideal perception, which consists of one main theme: Unrealistic body ideals. 3) And lastly exercise behaviour in relation to viewing fitspirational content and has also one main theme: Inappropriate fitness goals. In summary, viewing fitspirational content on social media can provide young adults with information and motivation that supports healthy lifestyle behaviours like exercising. However, negative feelings appeared to arise from fitspiration viewing which may have an effect on psychological well-being. Although body ideals shown through fitspiration were perceived as unrealistic, the content seemed to adversely affect our participant’s fitness goals and determination.
Syftet med denna studien var att få kunskap och förståelse om fitspiration, uppfattning av fitspirations kroppsideal och träningsbeteende i ett urval av unga vuxnasom är motionärer, daglig användare av sociala medier och även anhängare av fitspiration. Semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördesför att samla information av åtta unga vuxna motionärer (M = 22,5, SD = 3,5 år). Tematisk analys (TA; Braun & Clarke, 2006)användes för att analysera data-information. Resultaten delades in i tre kategorier, 1) uppfattning av fitspiration som har tre huvudteman: Fitspiration som ett fenomen som stöder hälsosamt beteende, opålitlig fitspirations källa och negativ resultat på emotionellt välbefinnande. 2) Uppfattning av fitspirations kroppsideal som består av ett huvudtema; Orealistiska kroppsideal. 3) Och slutligen träningsbeteende i samband med att titta på fitspirations innehåll, som har huvudteman; Olämpliga träningsmål. Sammanfattningsvis kan fitspirations innehåll på sociala medier ge unga vuxna information och motivation som stöder hälsosamma beteenden, som att träna. Men negativa känslor upplevdes uppstå genom att titta på fitspirations inlägg som kan ha en inverkan på psykologiskt välbefinnande. Vidare, även om fitspirations kroppsideal upplevdes som orealistiska, innehållet verkar ha en roll i deltagarnas träningsmål och determination.