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Pratama, Yandro Yandro, Widodo Haryoko und M. Zulman Harja Utama. „Upland Rice Tolerance Test Based on Pissy Seeds on Ultisols Used for Cultivation of Bulbs and New Openings“. Baselang 2, Nr. 1 (30.04.2022): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36355/bsl.v2i1.32.
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Upland rice tolerance test trials based on pithy seeds on ultisols used for tuber cultivation and new openings were carried out from November 2019 – February 2021 in Nagari Kampung Pinang, Lubuk Basung sub-district with the aim of knowing the interaction of upland rice varieties on ultisols of former tubers and new openings of ultisols. This experiment was conducted in a factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors. The first factor was the upland rice varieties Rindang I, Luhur I and Barabah, and the second factor was the ultisol treated layer, namely cassava ultisol, onion ultisol treatment layer and new layer processing. Based on the experiment, it was concluded that the three upland rice varieties tested, namely Rindang I, Luhur I and Barabah were classified as tolerant varieties with the order of tolerance being the Rindang I variety, followed by the Luhur I variety and the Barabah variety. Keywords: rice, ultisol, cassava, shallot
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Packa, Danuta, Marian Wiwart, Elżbieta Suchowilska und Teresa Bieńkowska. „Morpho-anatomical traits of two lowest internodes related to lodging resistance in selected genotypes of Triticum“. International Agrophysics 29, Nr. 4 (01.10.2015): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2015-0053.
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Abstract The cross-sections of first and second internodes were analyzed under a light and fluorescence microscopes in six varieties of Triticum spelta, two varieties of T. polonicum, and one variety of T. aestivum. The morphometric parameters of stem cross-sections were measured. The analyzed wheats were characterized by significant differences in traits associated with lodging resistance ie: internode diameter, lumen diameter, stem wall thickness, mechanical layer thickness, area of transverse section, and area of lumen for the first and second internode and between the internodes. In all varieties, the values of internode diameter, lumen diameter, area of transverse section and area of lumen were higher for the second internode than for the first internode, whereas the reverse was reported for stem wall thickness and mechanical layer thickness The results of the principal component analysis and section modulus values revealed similarities between spring spelt Wirtas and Rubinas and between common wheat Kontesa and winter spelt Poeme and Epanis. The number of large vascular bundles varied across the studied varieties. The average number of vascular bundles in common wheat Kontesa was significantly higher than in spring spelt Rubinas and Wirtas and significantly lower than in Polish wheat Pol-3 and winter spelt Epanis and Poeme.
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Ryashnetsev, Dmitry S., und Eugeny A. Belenkov. „New polymorphic varieties of boron nitride with graphene-like structures“. Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies. 13, Nr. 3 (27.09.2021): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/rensit.2021.13.349.
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First-principle calculations of the structure and electronic properties of four new polymorphic varieties of graphene-like boron nitride, the structure of which is similar to the structure of graphene polymorphs, the atoms in which are in the spirit of different structural positions, were performed by the density functional theory method in the generalized gradient approximation. As a result of the studies carried out, the possibility of stable existence of three monoatomic boron nitride layers: BN-L4-6-8a, BN-L4-6-8b and BN-L4-10 has been established. The BN-L4-12 layer is transformed into the BN-L4-6-8 layer during geometric optimization. The lengths of interatomic bonds in boron nitride monolayers vary in the range 1.4353 Å ÷ 1.4864 Å, and the bond angles in the range 84.05° ÷ 152.26°. The band gap of the BN layers varies from 3.16 eV to 3.90 eV. Sublimation energies are in the range from 16.67 eV/(BN) to 17.61 eV/(BN).
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Golubova, Valentina, und Pavel Kostylev. „Assessment of morphophysiological features of rice samples in flooding conditions“. E3S Web of Conferences 381 (2023): 01076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338101076.
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The article presents the results of a morphophysiological assessment of rice samples by the strength of growth, as well as an assessment of the degree of development of the conducting system of the flag leaves of rice plants. The resistance of varieties to flooding is very relevant in the fight against weeds due to the deep layer of water that weeds cannot overcome. Currently, there are no zoned varieties in Russia that would meet these requirements. Therefore, the problem of creating such rice varieties is urgent, as it will reduce production costs, reduce grain losses during harvesting, improve the quality of the products obtained, and also reduce the pesticide load on the ecosystem. As a result of research, a number of studied samples revealed the potential to quickly lengthen the first leaves, overcome a large layer of water and accumulate vegetative mass. As a result of the evaluation of the conducting system of the flag leaf of rice plants, it was found that in plants with the flood resistance gene Sub1A, which stops growth under water, the conductive beams were smaller in comparison with other fast-growing samples with the AG, Sk genes. Consequently, fast-growing samples have bigger sizes of the conducting system as a resistance mechanism.
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Strakhovenko, V. D., N. A. Belkina, N. A. Efremenko, M. S. Potakhin, D. A. Subetto, L. A. Frolova, G. R. Nigamatzyanova, A. V. Ludikova und E. A. Ovdina. „The First Data on the Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Suspension of Lake Onego“. Russian Geology and Geophysics 63, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/rgg20204280.
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Abstract —This paper presents the first data on the mineralogy, geochemistry, and quantitative distribution of suspension determined with the use of sedimentation traps installed in Lake Onego (the exposure time was one year (2019)). The obtained data on the mineralogic and geochemical composition of the recent suspension of the Onego water column are compared with the data for the surface layer of the lake bottom sediments (0–10 cm). Data on the sedimentation rates for the substance determined with the sedimentation traps have been obtained for the first time for Lake Onego. The estimates of the sedimentation rates differ slightly from the results of calculation of the sedimentation rates by radioisotope dating based on the distribution of 210Pb activity in the upper layer of bottom sediments in combination with the data on 137Cs. It has been established that the mineral part of the dispersed sedimentary matter that entered the lake reaches the bottom sediment without significant changes. The geochemistry of the sedimentation traps is similar in many respects to the geochemistry of the upper part of the bottom sediments (0–10 cm) in different areas of Lake Onego. The dispersed sedimentary material and the bottom sediment differ in the amount of the biogenic part (in the bottom sediment layer (0–10 cm), the biogenic part loses a significant part of organic matter). The bottom sediments are characterized by a strong predominance of the ferruginous varieties of illite and chlorite, in contrast to the suspension with the prevailing Mg–Fe varieties of these minerals. Degraded mica minerals brought by rivers are regenerated to normal ferruginous illites and chlorites directly in the uppermost part of the bottom sediments. The bottom sediments are characterized by higher manganese and molybdenum contents, and the material from the sedimentation traps, by high mercury contents.
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Fan, Shuang, Chaoqi Qin, Zhuopin Xu, Qi Wang, Yang Yang, Xiaoyu Ni, Weimin Cheng et al. „A Rapid and Accurate Quantitative Analysis of Cellulose in the Rice Bran Layer Based on Near-Infrared Spectroscopy“. Foods 12, Nr. 16 (09.08.2023): 2997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12162997.
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Cultivating rice varieties with lower cellulose content in the bran layer has the potential to enhance both the nutritional value and texture of brown rice. This study aims to establish a rapid and accurate method to quantify cellulose content in the bran layer utilizing near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), thereby providing a technical foundation for the selection, screening, and breeding of rice germplasm cultivars characterized by a low cellulose content in the bran layer. To ensure the accuracy of the NIR spectroscopic analysis, the potassium dichromate oxidation (PDO) method was improved and then used as a reference method. Using 141 samples of rice bran layer (rice bran without germ), near-infrared diffuse reflectance (NIRdr) spectra, near-infrared diffuse transmittance (NIRdt) spectra, and fusion spectra of NIRdr and NIRdt were used to establish cellulose quantitative analysis models, followed by a comparative evaluation of these models’ predictive performance. Results indicate that the optimized PDO method demonstrates superior precision compared to the original PDO method. Upon examining the established models, their predictive capabilities were ranked in the following order: the fusion model outperforms the NIRdt model, which in turn surpasses the NIRdr model. Of all the fusion models developed, the model exhibiting the highest predictive accuracy utilized fusion spectra (NIRdr-NIRdt (1st der)) derived from preprocessed (first derivative) diffuse reflectance and transmittance spectra. This model achieved an external predictive R2p of 0.903 and an RMSEP of 0.213%. Using this specific model, the rice mutant O2 was successfully identified, which displayed a cellulose content in the bran layer of 3.28%, representing a 0.86% decrease compared to the wild type (W7). The utilization of NIRS enables quantitative analysis of the cellulose content within the rice bran layer, thereby providing essential technical support for the selection of rice varieties characterized by lower cellulose content in the bran layer.
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Magomedova, A. N., A. A. Magomedova und Z. M. Musaeva. „IMPROVEMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF CULTIVATION OF WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE FOOTHILLN PROVINCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN“. THEORETICAL & APPLIED PROBLEMS OF AGRO-INDUSTRY 56, Nr. 2 (2023): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/2221-7312-2023-56-2-7-10.
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Winter wheat is the main grain crop for Dagestan. In the irrigated conditions of the republic, the elements of the cultivation technology of this crop have been studied in detail. But, however, the issues of studying the adaptive potential of new promising varieties of winter wheat and improving the technology of their cultivation in the conditions of Piedmont Dagestan have not been practically studied. Our research was aimed at solving this problem in terms of selecting more productive varieties of winter wheat, developing a tillage system that meets the requirements of this crop, and using growth preparations, which have not been previously studied in the area under consideration. In the first experiment, it was revealed that the highest productivity of the wheat variety was formed on the variant with plowing with additional loosening of the subsurface layer up to 0.4 m with SibIME rippers. The average yield of varieties in this case was 4.67 t/ha, the excess with the data of the first (plowing) and second (loosening) options was 6.6 and 25.2%. Under the conditions under consideration, the maximum grain yields were recorded in the Grom variety - an average of 4.38 t/ha. In the second experiment, it was found that, against the background of the applied growth regulators, the yield of varieties was significant, while the maximum average value for varieties was noted on plots with the Novosil regulator - 5.36 t/ha, the excess compared to the control was 25.2%, and compared with the variants with regulators Alfasim and Biosil - 4.5 and 14.5%, respectively. As in the first experiment, in this case, in the conditions of Piedmont Dagestan, the Grom variety provided the highest productivity - an average of 5.07 t/ha in the experiment, which is 8.8% higher than the data of the Tanya variety.
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Lapshin, Yu A., V. A. Maksimov und R. I. Zolotareva. „The influence of agroclimatic conditions and mineral fertilizers on the grain productivity of spring triticale in the conditions of Mari El Republic“. Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 23, Nr. 3 (23.06.2022): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2022.23.3.307-317.
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The article presents data of 2019-2021 on the influence of agroclimatic conditions and doses of mineral fertilizers on the grain productivity of 13 varieties of spring triticale. A close dependence of the yield of triticale varieties on the reserves of productive moisture in the soil layer of 0-50 cm was established for the periods May-June (r = 0.73) and July-August (r = 0.85). Without the use of mineral fertilizers in arid conditions with reserves of productive moisture in 0-50 cm soil layer from 61 to 92 mm in the first half of the growing season, the grain productivity of spring triticale varieties was less than 3 t/ha. Under more favorable conditions of soil moistening (154 mm), the yield was almost 4 t/ha, which is a very good indicator for the conditions of Mari El Republic. Against the background of the application of mineral fertilizers in doses of N30-60P60K60, the grain productivity of varieties increased: Rovnya by 20-33 %, Saur ‒ 57-78 %, Savva ‒ 5-22 %, Timur ‒ 39-77 %, Dobroye ‒ 42-60 %, Zaozerye ‒ 38-40 %, KNIISKH 9 ‒ 16-40 %, KNIISKH 11 ‒ 12-30 %, KNIISKH 22 ‒ 22-28 %. On average, over three years of research, the varieties of spring triticale Dobroye (3.43 t/ha), Savva (3.12 t/ha) and KNIISKH 9 (3.26 t/ha) were characterized by a weak reaction to unfavorable soil moisture conditions and provided consistently high productivity of feed grain. The case of Dobroye variety, the most optimal variant for cultivating spring triticale in a simulated agrophytocenosis with a seeding rate of 4 million germinating seeds per hectare when applying N60P30K30 is established. On average for two years of the research the yield of this variety has reached 4.12 t/ha with a seeding rate of 4 million germinating seeds per hectare, which is 8 % higher than the control (3 million germinating seeds per hectare) and 22 % higher than in the variant with a seeding rate of 5 million pcs/ha.
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Aminova, E. V., A. A. Mushinskiy und E. M. Feshchenko. „Promising varieties and forms of golden currant (Ribes aureum Pursh.) in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals“. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia 62 (01.10.2020): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2020-62-9-15.
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The article presents the results of many years of work on the study of golden currant (Ribes aureum Pursh.) in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. The study was carried out on the experimental plot of Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viticulture in the 2009-2019. The object of research was varieties Samocvet, Uralskaya and forms 1-7, 2-1, 2-9, 2-6, 3-2 of golden currant. The soil cover of the experimental site was represented by ordinary chernozem, the humus content in the arable layer was 2.7-3.0 %, the phosphorus content was 18.4 mg/kg, potassium – 358.6 mg/kg, nitrogen – 96.6 mg/kg. There was shown the development of the scientific foundations of crop breeding in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals, where the gene pool was first created, from which new varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits were developed, and promising forms were identified. As a result of the research, promising varieties and forms were distributed by maturation period into 2 groups: medium (Samotsvet, Uralskaya, 1-7, 2-1, 2-9) and late (2-6, 3-2). Adapted varieties (Samotsvet, Uralskaya) and forms (2-6, 2-1) were revealed, which are distinguished by high productivity from a bush (from 4.8 to 5.6 kg), number of berries in a cluster (from 4.6 to 6 pcs. ), berry weight (from 3.4 to 4.1 g). A brief economic and biological characteristics of selected forms and varieties are given.
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Zhou, Ze Long, Chen Mei, Xiang Yong Su, Tao Li und Yi Tao. „A Novel Method to Fabricate Silicon-Beam with Polygon Section Based on Thermal Oxidation Layer Protection Technique“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 526 (Februar 2014): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.526.80.
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Simplex wet etching method to fabricate silicon-beam has limited the categories of silicon-beam, it has confined the design and fabrication of silicon-beam with polygon section. Moreover, due to the side-etching of sidewalls and arris during the process of wet etching, the sections of the fabricated silicon-beam are not identical, which will induce the mechanics characters of silicon-beam to be altered, depressing the quality of silicon-beam; In order to avoid the shortages above, a novel method to fabricate silicon-beam with polygon section based on thermal oxidation layer technique is proposed, thermal oxidation SiO2 layer is utilized as the protection layer of the sidewalls of the silicon-beam instead of the mask layer as usual for the first time. Combining the wet etching technique with the thermal oxidation technique innovatively, several varieties of silicon-beam with polygon section, which can hardly be obtained only by the use of wet etching technique, can be manufactured, respectively. Based on such an innovative method, this paper proposes and develops five varieties of silicon-beam with novel structure by means of adjustable mask layer, extending the application field of wet etching. The subsequent fabrication experiment of silicon-beam with hexagonal section has been taken as an example to validate the technique principle. The dimension parameters of silicon-beam have been tested precisely and the arris angle error between the theoretic value and the experimental measurement is less than 1.5%; The SEM photos with the amplifier of 100 and 250 have been obtained through HITACHI S-4800 field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), the SEM results have demonstrated the clear sidewall arris without undercut. Through this fabrication method, the sidewall arris of silicon-beam can be maintained due to the protection layer of thermal oxidation SiO2. In this manner, the arris disfigurement of the silicon-beam decreases dramatically, the process of etching can be controlled precisely, and the quality of the silicon-beam has been improved greatly.
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Беленков, Максим Евгеньевич, und Владимир Михайлович Чернов. „AB INITIO CALCULATIONS OF THE CRYSTALLINE AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF 5-7 FLUOROGRAPHENE VARIETIES“. Physical and Chemical Aspects of the Study of Clusters, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials, Nr. 12() (15.12.2020): 326–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/pcascnn/2020.12.326.
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Первопринципные расчеты структуры и электронных свойств двух новых полиморфных разновидностей фторографена были выполнены методом теории функционала плотности. Новые слои фторографена могут формироваться при химической адсорбции фтора на поверхности 5 - 7 графеновых слоев. Структура слоя первого типа более деформирована по сравнению со структурой второго типа (деформационные параметры Def = 60,48° и Def = 31,51° ). Энергии сублимации и ширины запрещенных зон составляют 13,85, 14,17 эВ/(CF), и 4,09, 3,32 эВ для CF - L слоев T1, T2 типов соответственно. First-principle calculations of the structural and electronic properties of two new polymorphic varieties of fluorographene were performed using the density functional theory method. New layers of fluorographene can be formed during chemical adsorption of fluorine on the surface of 5 - 7 graphene layers. The structure of the layer of the first type is more deformed in comparison with the structure of the second type (deformation parameters Def = 60,48 ° and Def = 31,51 °). Sublimation energies and band gaps are 13,85, 14,17 eV/(CF), and 4,09, 3,32 eV for CF-L layers of T1, T 2 types, respectively.
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Afonnikova, Svetlana D., Antonina A. Kiseleva, Anna V. Fedyaeva, Evgenii G. Komyshev, Vasily S. Koval, Dmitry A. Afonnikov und Elena A. Salina. „Identification of Novel Loci Precisely Modulating Pre-Harvest Sprouting Resistance and Red Color Components of the Seed Coat in T. aestivum L.“ Plants 13, Nr. 10 (09.05.2024): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13101309.
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The association between pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) and seed coat color has long been recognized. Red-grained wheats generally exhibit greater PHS resistance compared to white-grained wheat, although variability in PHS resistance exists within red-grained varieties. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study on a panel consisting of red-grained wheat varieties, aimed at uncovering genes that modulate PHS resistance and red color components of seed coat using digital image processing. Twelve loci associated with PHS traits were identified, nine of which were described for the first time. Genetic loci marked by SNPs AX-95172164 (chromosome 1B) and AX-158544327 (chromosome 7D) explained approximately 25% of germination index variance, highlighting their value for breeding PHS-resistant varieties. The most promising candidate gene for PHS resistance was TraesCS6B02G147900, encoding a protein involved in aleurone layer morphogenesis. Twenty-six SNPs were significantly associated with grain color, independently of the known Tamyb10 gene. Most of them were related to multiple color characteristics. Prioritization of genes within the revealed loci identified TraesCS1D03G0758600 and TraesCS7B03G1296800, involved in the regulation of pigment biosynthesis and in controlling pigment accumulation. In conclusion, our study identifies new loci associated with grain color and germination index, providing insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying these traits.
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Korobeynikova, O. V., E. V. Sokolova, T. E. Ivanova, L. A. Nesmelova und T. N. Tutova. „Comparative assessment of pumpkin varieties in the Udmurt Republic“. Vegetable crops of Russia, Nr. 1 (16.02.2023): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2023-1-75-79.
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Relevance. Pumpkin is a food, medicinal and fodder crop of the Cucurbitaceae family. It is valued for its high content of vitamins, minerals, organic acids. At present, thanks to the huge variety of species and modern selection, it is possible to select pumpkin varieties for cultivation in almost any region, including areas with short and not too hot summers. Udmurtia belongs to the zone of risky farming, the end of spring frosts is observed on average in the first ten days of June, and autumn frosts on the soil are possible at the end of August. Due to the short frost-free period, it is necessary to choose earlier maturing varieties, grow the crop through seedlings and use temporary shelters. The pumpkin fruit is usually large in size, is a thick layer of pulp, covered with a dense peel. When cutting such a fruit, the pumpkin is not stored in the future, it requires urgent processing. In this connection, in recent years, portioned varieties of pumpkin, the size of the fruit of which does not exceed 1.5–3.0 kg, have become increasingly in demand.Materials and Methods. The purpose of the research: a comparative assessment of varietal characteristics of growth and productivity of pumpkin species. In 2020–2021 in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic, experiments were carried out to study the characteristics of growth and productivity of pumpkin varieties. We studied varieties of pumpkin: Pearl, Crumb, Honey Tale, Marble, Rossiyanka, Smile, Candied fruit.Results and its discussion. Within two years, pumpkin varieties of large-fruited and nutmeg were studied. On average, for two years, the pumpkin Medovaya skazka distinguished itself with the highest yield. In 2021, the yield for the Medovaya Skazka variety was 64.7 t/ha. The yield increase was obtained due to an increase in fruit weight, which in 2020 amounted to 2.9 kg, in 2021 - 6.5 kg. The studied varieties of pumpkin differed in quality indicators of fruits. On average, over two years, the varieties Rossiyanka and Mramornaya showed an increase in the content of water-soluble sugars in fruits. The fruits of the pumpkin Candied fruit and Kroshka were distinguished by a high content of dry matter.
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Syaban, Kharis, und Agus Harjoko. „Klasifikasi Varietas Cabai Berdasarkan Morfologi Daun Menggunakan Backpropagation Neural Network“. IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 10, Nr. 2 (31.07.2016): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.16628.
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Compared with other methods of classifiers such as cellular and molecular biological methods, using the image of the leaves become the first choice in the classification of plants. The leaves can be characterized by shape, color, and texture; The leaves can have a color that varies depending on the season and geographical location. In addition, the same plant species also can have different leaf shapes. In this study, the morphological features of leaves used to identify varieties of pepper plants. The method used to perform feature extraction is a moment invariant and basic geometric features. For the process of recognition based on the features that have been extracted, used neural network methods with backpropagation learning algorithm. From the neural-network training, the best accuracy in classifying varieties of chili with minimum error 0.001 by providing learning rate 0.1, momentum of 0.7, and 15 neurons in the hidden layer foreach of various feature. To conduct cross-validation testing with k-fold tehcnique, obtained classification accuracy to be range of 80.75%±0.09% with k=4.
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López, Alfonso, Carlos J. Ogayar, Francisco R. Feito und Joaquim J. Sousa. „Classification of Grapevine Varieties Using UAV Hyperspectral Imaging“. Remote Sensing 16, Nr. 12 (10.06.2024): 2103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16122103.
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Classifying grapevine varieties is crucial in precision viticulture, as it allows for accurate estimation of vineyard row growth for different varieties and ensures authenticity in the wine industry. This task can be performed with time-consuming destructive methods, including data collection and analysis in the laboratory. In contrast, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer a markedly more efficient and less restrictive method for gathering hyperspectral data, even though they may yield data with higher levels of noise. Therefore, the first task is the processing of these data to correct and downsample large amounts of data. In addition, the hyperspectral signatures of grape varieties are very similar. In this study, we propose the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify seventeen different varieties of red and white grape cultivars. Instead of classifying individual samples, our approach involves processing samples alongside their surrounding neighborhood for enhanced accuracy. The extraction of spatial and spectral features is addressed with (1) a spatial attention layer and (2) inception blocks. The pipeline goes from data preparation to dataset elaboration, finishing with the training phase. The fitted model is evaluated in terms of response time, accuracy and data separability and is compared with other state-of-the-art CNNs for classifying hyperspectral data. Our network was proven to be much more lightweight by using a limited number of input bands (40) and a reduced number of trainable weights (560k parameters). Hence, it reduced training time (1 h on average) over the collected hyperspectral dataset. In contrast, other state-of-the-art research requires large networks with several million parameters that require hours to be trained. Despite this, the evaluated metrics showed much better results for our network (approximately 99% overall accuracy), in comparison with previous works barely achieving 81% OA over UAV imagery. This notable OA was similarly observed over satellite data. These results demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of our proposed method across different hyperspectral data sources.
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Darita, Setiawaty Reski, und Salengke. „Thin layer drying model of local rice grain Siam mutiara variety from tidal swamp land in South Kalimantan“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1230, Nr. 1 (01.09.2023): 012161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1230/1/012161.
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Abstract As staple food in many countries, rice is one of the most important cultivated plant. Indonesia is the third largest rice producer in the world with annual production of 54,65 million tons. South Kalimantan province has 191,740 ha of tidal swamp land, which equivalent to 30% of its total area. Paddy rice variety planted in this region is dominated by local varieties, such as Siam Mutiara. Local farmers prefer this variety due to its high demand and high selling price than other local rice varieties. This variety produces soft textured rice which is preferred by the people of South Kalimantan. In addition to the taste and texture, physical aspects such as wholeness of the grain is also important for consumers, and this aspect is affected by post-harvest processed such as drying. In this study, drying characteristics of Siam Mutiara variety was studied. Samples of Siam Mutiara from Jelapat 1 village, Barito Kuala district were dried using a Fixed Bed Dryer at three temperatures (40, 50, and 60°C) and an airflow rate of 1 m/s. The samples were dried in five trays made of PVC pipes (5” diameter and 1” length) which arranged vertically. The first four trays were used to dry paddy rice sample with a layer of 1 cm thick, and the lowest tray were used to dry the sample in a single layer grain (with average thickness of grain width 1,66 mm). The temperature and humidity at each tray monitored continuously, and the weight of the sample in each tray was measured every 30 minutes. The results of this study indicate that the temperature and humidity varied among the trays, where the lowest tray had the highest temperature and the lowest air humidity. However, moisture content of the samples in all of the trays are relatively similar for both the top four trays (with total of 4 cm) and the lowest tray (single layer). This result indicates that for Siam Mutiara variety, a total of 4 cm thick layer can still be considered as a thin layer drying. It also found that the effect of drying temperature on drying rate is significant. In addition, the drying characteristic of this rice variety can be best modelled using Page Model.
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Iakubenko, O. E., O. V. Parkina, D. A. Kolupaev und Z. V. Andreeva. „MODERN PRINCIPLES OF GARDEN BEAN VARIETIES MODELING IN SIBERIA“. Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), Nr. 4 (29.12.2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2019-53-4-15-22.
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The development of a variety model suitable for specific soil and climatic conditions is currently an urgent matter in the plants selection. The combination of valuable genotypes of a plant, which is based on hybridization, free pollination, mutagenesis, allows researchers to derive new perspective samples. The selection of the variety model parameters enables the researchers to create cultivated plant varieties that have appropriate characteristics of a particular cultivation zone on an efficient basis. But it is necessary to understand that the model is hypothetical even in case of conducting detailed study of parameters of a new variety based on concrete results of research. First of all, the crop breeder is guided by the imaginary model, which is based on the evaluation of the breeding material and the selection of the variety sample prototype, taking into account the features and properties of the ideal variety model. To a certain extent, the methods of crop breeding and genetic analysis applied in order to assess the breeding value of hybrid combinations are designed to level the inevitable subjectivity noted. When compiling the model of the ideal variety the breeder uses the data on soil and climate conditions of a particular region, the main economic and valuable features of a crop, the results of other researchers and applies intuitive and empirical criteria for evaluating the breeding material. Since 1997 the Chair of Breeding, Genetics and Forestry explored more than 150 breeding samples of different ecological-geographical origin, obtained on the basis of intervarietal hybridization. The samples were studied according to the main economic and valuable features: growing season, growth character, presence of parchment layer and fibers in the seam. Variability of the mentioned features has been estimated by means of correlation links and character of inheritance of separate features.
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Novruzov, L. „Effect of Different Norms of Fertilization on the Growth Condition and the Performance of Soft Wheat Varieties“. Bulletin of Science and Practice 8, Nr. 3 (15.03.2022): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/76/08.
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The article presents the main agrochemical indicators of cultivated gray-brown soils of Absheron. The results of the analysis showed that the fertile layer of the experimental field has high alkaline properties, the field of medium carbonate. Experience has shown that the number of easily digestible forms of essential nutrients is insignificant. First of all, it was established that the productivity of the soft wheat Gobustan variety of depends on different norms of nitrogen nutrition and the form of fertilization. The reason for the insignificant addition of harvested grain is the introduction of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the background of P60K60 in both ways (full rate in the phase of plant cultivation and in the phases of plant cultivation, pipes, pods up to 120 kg/ha).
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Kostylev, Pavel, Nataliya Kalinina, Nataliya Vozhzhova, Valentina Golubova und Natalya Chertkova. „Creation of Rice Doubled Haploids Resistant to Prolonged Flooding Using Anther Culture“. Plants 12, Nr. 21 (25.10.2023): 3681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12213681.
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Flood resistance in rice is very important in weed control, as weeds cannot overcome deep water. At present, there are no released varieties in Russia that would meet these requirements. The creation of such varieties will reduce production costs and pesticide load on the ecosystem. The object of the study was second-generation rice hybrids obtained by crossing the best varieties for economically valuable traits with samples carrying genes for resistance to prolonged flooding with water. To create double rice haploids resistant to prolonged flooding, the anther culture method was used, followed by molecular genetic evaluation of dihaploids for the presence of genes for resistance to prolonged flooding. An estimate of the growth energy under deep flooding was carried out according to our own method. As a result of the cultivation of anthers, 130 androgenic regenerated plants were obtained in 14 hybrid combinations. In terms of responsiveness to neoplasms, 60% of the panicles showed a positive result, while the rest 40% did not demonstrate callus formation. In total, 30 green regenerative lines were obtained from four rice hybrids, differing in visual morphological assessment. Large genotypic differences between the samples were revealed. These lines carry long-term flood resistance genes and can be used in rice breeding programs using dihaploids. As a result of the assessment of the growth energy in a number of obtained samples, the potential for rapid elongation of the first leaves, overcoming a large layer of water and accumulation of vegetative mass, was revealed.
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Katarzyna und Paweł. „A Vision-Based Method Utilizing Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Fruit Variety Classification in Uncertainty Conditions of Retail Sales“. Applied Sciences 9, Nr. 19 (22.09.2019): 3971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9193971.
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This study proposes a double-track method for the classification of fruit varieties for application in retail sales. The method uses two nine-layer Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with the same architecture, but different weight matrices. The first network classifies fruits according to images of fruits with a background, and the second network classifies based on images with the ROI (Region Of Interest, a single fruit). The results are aggregated with the proposed values of weights (importance). Consequently, the method returns the predicted class membership with the Certainty Factor (CF). The use of the certainty factor associated with prediction results from the original images and cropped ROIs is the main contribution of this paper. It has been shown that CFs indicate the correctness of the classification result and represent a more reliable measure compared to the probabilities on the CNN outputs. The method is tested with a dataset containing images of six apple varieties. The overall image classification accuracy for this testing dataset is excellent (99.78%). In conclusion, the proposed method is highly successful at recognizing unambiguous, ambiguous, and uncertain classifications, and it can be used in a vision-based sales systems in uncertain conditions and unplanned situations.
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Gumenyuk, Aleksandr Nikolaevich, Irina Sergeevna Polyanskikh, Igor Aleksandrovich Pudov, Philip Evgenyevich Shevchenko, Natalia Vilorievna Kuzmina und Grigory Ivanovich Yakovlev. „Directed Regulation and Localization of Electrical Properties for Composite Construction Materials“. Solid State Phenomena 325 (11.10.2021): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.325.119.
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Research results of modified composites which consist of isolated layers with different properties and their practical usages are represented in this article. A structure of the composite material is considered. The structure is combined of few layers; external layers are made of corrosive resistance material with dielectric behavior while the internal part of the composite is made of electrically conductive material with high conductive and mechanical properties. Conductive properties of each layer have been measured as well as their mechanical properties and structure. Also, the features of the joints between layers in terms of structure and properties were defined. More than that, varieties of mixtures and their possible usage are considered. Conductive properties of composite materials and ways of their adjustment have been described as well. For the first time, the measuring scheme of conductive properties for each layer was offered and heat shrinkable tubes and copper electrodes were used for it. Efficiency of modified composites and its behavior when electrical current applied can be measured by using the scheme.
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Sinegovskaya, V. T., S. E. Nizkii und E. E. Naumenko. „The role of chlorophyll in determining the resistance of soybean plants to prolonged soil flooding“. Agricultural Science Euro-North-East 23, Nr. 6 (19.12.2022): 788–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2022.23.6.788-795.
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Prolonged inundation of soybean plants leads to their death because of root hypoxia. Therefore, the search for markers of resistance to this factor will provide the opportunity to develop the varieties able to resist this stress. The research was aimed at the study of response of 3 varieties bred by Federal Research Center All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean to prolonged flooding according to the indicator of chlorophyll a and b content in soybean leaves. The study was carried out in 2019-2021 in laboratory experiments when growing plants on hydroponic installations with 24-day soil flooding (control - soil with optimal moisture content). In soybean varieties Evgeniya and Kukhanna, registered as resistant to overwatering soil, the response by content of chlorophyll forms in leaves under 24-day flooding of the soil surface with 1-2 cm layer of water differed. It was found that increase of chlorophyll a in leaves of Evgeniya variety under flooding was connected with providing the ability of this variety plants to resist the stressful flooding factor. The presence of chlorophyll b in the leaves of this variety before the ripeness phase indicates that it can serve as an indicator of plant resistance to root hypoxia to a greater extent, since the plants continued to grow and develop. In the Kukhanna variety, the content of both forms of chlorophyll at optimum soil moisture of the control variety was higher or at the same level as in the variant with flooding, that cannot serve as the criterion of resistance of this variety to root hypoxia. In the Kitrossa variety, the resistance of which to overwatering has not been noted by the breeders yet there were revealed wavy fluctuations in chlorophyll a/b ratio during the first 10 days of flooding. The fluctuations were caused by changes in the content of chlorophyll b, the concentration of which increased first and then decreased. This fluctuation is most clearly seen in the graph of the change in the ratio between chlorophyll a and b, that may serve as a marker for determination of resistance of soybean varieties to prolonged soil flooding.
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Peng, Yun, Shenyi Zhao und Jizhan Liu. „Fused Deep Features-Based Grape Varieties Identification Using Support Vector Machine“. Agriculture 11, Nr. 9 (10.09.2021): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090869.
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Proper identification of different grape varieties by smart machinery is of great importance to modern agriculture production. In this paper, a fast and accurate identification method based on Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), which can fuse different deep features extracted from Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), plus Support Vector Machine (SVM) is proposed. In this research, based on an open dataset, three types of state-of-the-art CNNs, seven species of deep features, and a multi-class SVM classifier were studied. First, the images were resized to meet the input requirements of a CNN. Then, the deep features of the input images were extracted by a specific deep features layer of the CNN. Next, two kinds of deep features from different networks were fused by CCA to increase the effective classification feature information. Finally, a multi-class SVM classifier was trained with the fused features. When applied to an open dataset, the model outcome shows that the fused deep features with any combination can obtain better identification performance than by using a single type of deep feature. The fusion of fc6 (in AlexNet network) and Fc1000 (in ResNet50 network) deep features obtained the best identification performance. The average F1 Score of 96.9% was 8.7% higher compared to the best performance of a single deep feature, i.e., Fc1000 of ResNet101, which was 88.2%. Furthermore, the F1 Score of the proposed method is 2.7% higher than the best performance obtained by using a CNN directly. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can achieve fast and accurate identification of grape varieties. Based on the proposed algorithm, the smart machinery in agriculture can take more targeted measures based on the different characteristics of different grape varieties for further improvement of the yield and quality of grape production.
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Islamzade, T. „Effect of Sowing and Fertilizer Rates on Rice Varieties Crop Yield Depending on Sowing Date“. Bulletin of Science and Practice 8, Nr. 2 (15.02.2022): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/75/14.
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The article studied the main agrochemical indicators of the experimental field in the Lankaran-Astara Zone. The results of the analysis showed that the pH in the arable layer of the experimental field was 6.12–5.87; in the lower layers, this indicator ranged from 5.98 to 6.20. The site has low acidity. There is no carbonation in the soil, and there is generally no carbonation in areas where the pH is below 6.5. The lands of the experimental field in the Lankaran-Astara District are recognized as of high quality. The amount of humus in the topsoil is 3.03–3.14%, while in the lower layers it is 1.63–1.73% and 1.05–1.06%. The site is moderately supplied with mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The article shows the dependence of rice varieties crop yield on the timing of sowing, sowing rates and fertilizers. In each of the fertilizer rates, a decrease in crop yield was observed with an increase in the sowing rate from 1.7 million to 2.5 million per hectare. The highest crop yield was obtained when sowing in the first decade of May with a fertilizer rate of N90P60K40 and a sowing rate of 1.7 million units per hectare.
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Tedeeva, V. V., und F. T. Gerieva. „Evaluation of meadow clover varieties in the foothill zone of the RSO — Alania“. Agrarian science, Nr. 9 (02.11.2021): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2021-352-9-86-88.
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Relevance. The advantages of meadow clover, as a forage crop, is that it is a source of highly nutritious feed in monoculture and in grass mixtures, containing protein, macroand microelements, vitamins and carotenes. In the conditions of the foothill zone of the RSO — Alania, a new breeding material of meadow clover was studied. The possibilities of selection of breeding samples with high winter hardiness, feed and seed productivity are studied. The analysis of the most productive samples in terms of productivity and resistance to diseases was carried out. The research objective was to identify the most promising varieties of meadow clover for cultivation in specific natural and climatic conditions of the Republic of North Ossetia — Alania.Methods. Experimental studies were carried out on the experimental fields of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Agriculture of the VNC RAS in the forest-steppe zone of the RSO — Alania. The soils of the experimental site are represented by leached chernozems on pebbles, they are characterized by a high content of gross and available nitrogen and phosphorus reserves. In terms of the content of mobile potassium, they are average in comparison with other soils. The arable layer contains from 3.3% to 4.7% of humus. The reaction of the soil solution in the upper horizons is neutral. The tab of experiments, phenological observations and statistical processing of the obtained data were carried out using generally accepted methods.Results. According to the duration of the period from the beginning of spring regrowth to the beginning of flowering at the first mowing, the studied varieties can be attributed to medium-ripe and late-ripe. То variety Vladikavkazsky the duration of the growing season was 65–70 days, to variety Daryal — 75–80 days, Farn — 70–75 days. Later matures include varieties Alan and Orlik. In the spring during the development periodand the beginning of regrowth there was no big difference between the varieties. The Daryal variety started growing earlier than everyone else, the difference was 5 days. The earliest flowering was observed in the Daryal variety, the difference between the studied varieties was from 10 to 20 days. In the varieties of meadow clover studied by us, the Alan variety surpasses other varieties in winter hardiness, productivity and biological yield. The highest plant height was found in samples of local selection Alan, Vladikavkazsky, Farn (within 68–72.4 cm), surpassing the standard variety Daryal by 7–11.4 cm.The seed yield of the samples had a weak positive correlation with the number of days from the beginning of spring regrowth to the beginning of flowering (r = 0.27).
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Shershnyov, Oleg V., und Aleksandr I. Pavlovskii. „Genetic and facial structure of quaternary deposits on the territory of the Gomel chemical plant“. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Geography and Geology, Nr. 1 (20.06.2019): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2019-1-95-103.
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Analysis of lithological and genetic features quaternary deposits within the influence zone of industrial objects continues to be an urgent task of modern geology and geoecology. The article presents the results of studies of the lithologic features of quaternary deposits of the first from the surface of the low permeable layer underlying the ground aquifer within the sanitary protection zone of the Gomel chemical plant (GCP). In its structure, genetic types, groups of facies and facial varieties were identified. Large-scale (1 : 25 000) mapping of the established facies of quaternary deposits has been carried out. The present-day appearance of the formed natural and technogenic landscape has been studied. It has been established technolithomorphological changes of the geological and geomorphological basis of natural landscapes took place in the production zone of the plant. Facies of technogenic genesis has been identified.
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Gao, Jiameng, Chengzhong Liu, Junying Han, Qinglin Lu, Hengxing Wang, Jianhua Zhang, Xuguang Bai und Jiake Luo. „Identification Method of Wheat Cultivars by Using a Convolutional Neural Network Combined with Images of Multiple Growth Periods of Wheat“. Symmetry 13, Nr. 11 (23.10.2021): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13112012.
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Wheat is a very important food crop for mankind. Many new varieties are bred every year. The accurate judgment of wheat varieties can promote the development of the wheat industry and the protection of breeding property rights. Although gene analysis technology can be used to accurately determine wheat varieties, it is costly, time-consuming, and inconvenient. Traditional machine learning methods can significantly reduce the cost and time of wheat cultivars identification, but the accuracy is not high. In recent years, the relatively popular deep learning methods have further improved the accuracy on the basis of traditional machine learning, whereas it is quite difficult to continue to improve the identification accuracy after the convergence of the deep learning model. Based on the ResNet and SENet models, this paper draws on the idea of the bagging-based ensemble estimator algorithm, and proposes a deep learning model for wheat classification, CMPNet, which is coupled with the tillering period, flowering period, and seed image. This convolutional neural network (CNN) model has a symmetrical structure along the direction of the tensor flow. The model uses collected images of different types of wheat in multiple growth periods. First, it uses the transfer learning method of the ResNet-50, SE-ResNet, and SE-ResNeXt models, and then trains the collected images of 30 kinds of wheat in different growth periods. It then uses the concat layer to connect the output layers of the three models, and finally obtains the wheat classification results through the softmax function. The accuracy of wheat variety identification increased from 92.07% at the seed stage, 95.16% at the tillering stage, and 97.38% at the flowering stage to 99.51%. The model’s single inference time was only 0.0212 s. The model not only significantly improves the classification accuracy of wheat varieties, but also achieves low cost and high efficiency, which makes it a novel and important technology reference for wheat producers, managers, and law enforcement supervisors in the practice of wheat production.
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Varga, Balázs, Zsuzsanna Farkas, Emese Varga-László, Gyula Vida und Ottó Veisz. „Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Influences the Rooting Habits of Winter-Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 6 (11.03.2022): 3304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063304.
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The intensity and the frequency of extreme drought are increasing worldwide. An elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration could counterbalance the negative impacts of water shortage; however, wheat genotypes show high variability in terms of CO2 reactions. The development of the root system is a key parameter of abiotic stress resistance. In our study, biomass and grain production, as well as the root growth of three winter-wheat varieties were examined under optimum watering and simulated drought stress in a combination with ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The root growth was monitored by a CI-600 in situ root imager and the photos were analyzed by RootSnap software. As a result of the water shortage, the yield-related parameters decreased, but the most substantial yield reduction was first detected in Mv Karizma. The water shortage influenced the depth of the intensive root development, while under water-limited conditions, the root formation occurred in the deeper soil layers. The most intensive root development was observed until the heading, and the maximum root length was recorded at the beginning of the heading. The period of root development took longer under elevated CO2 concentration. The elevated CO2 concentration induced an accelerated root development in almost every soil layer, but generally, the CO2 fertilization induced in the root length of all genotypes and under each treatment.
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Aziz, Sandra Arifin, Maya Melati und Elrisa Ramadhani. „The Study of Organic Fertilizers Application on Two Soybean Varieties in Organic Saturated Soil Culture“. Journal of Tropical Crop Science 3, Nr. 1 (01.02.2016): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.3.1.19-27.
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Indonesia is facing soybean shortage and the low productivity of soybean production from decreasing acreage. Saturated soil culture (SSC) could be one of the solutions for marginal land with drainage problem. Saturated soil culture is cultivation technology that gives continuous irrigation and maintains water depth constantly and makes soil layer in saturated condition. Farmers can use on-farm inputs that are normally available at the production site. An organic farming system may be able to ensure local and regional food security through continuous production. The study was conducted at Cikarawang Experimental Station of Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia, from December 2009 to February 2011. The objective of the research was to determine the influence of organic fertilizer application on the productivity of two varieties of soybean, “Anjasmoro” and “Wilis”, in organic saturated soil culture conducted in two cropping seasons. Prior to the experiment all plots were applied with 2 ton.ha-1 of dolomite, 2 ton.ha-1 of rice hull ash, and 10 ton.ha-1 of chicken manure. The experiment of the first season used split plot design with six replications. The main-plot was organic fertilizer that consisted of chicken manure only (20 ton.ha-1), chicken manure (10 t.ha-1) + Centrosema pubescens (4.2 t.ha-1), chicken manure (10 ton.ha-1) + Tithonia diversifolia (4.2 t.ha-1). The sub-plot was soybean varieties “Anjasmoro” and “Wilis”. The soybean productivity was not affected by the application of organic fertilizers. “Willis” productivity (1.98 t.ha-1) was higher than “Anjasmoro” (1.80 t.ha-1). The experiment of second season used split-split plot design with three replications. The main-plot consisted of 50 and 100% fertilizer rate of the first cropping season; the sub-plot was the same types of organic fertilizer with soybean varieties as sub-sub-plot. Rate of fertilizer, types of organic fertilizer and soybean variety did not affect productivity. Application of 50 and 100% rate of fertilizer in the second season produced 2.41 and 2.55 t.ha-1 of dry seeds, respectively. Soybean plants treated with chicken manure, green manure from C. pubescens and T. diversifolia produced 2.45, 2.50 and 2.49 t.ha-1 of dry seeds, respectively. “Anjasmoro” and “Wilis” produced 2.50 and 2.45 t.ha-1 of dry seeds, respectively. Productivity in the second season was 26.26-36.61% higher than those of the first cropping season.
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Vozhegova, R., O. Tyshchenko, A. Tyshchenko und A. Shepel. „Symbiotic fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by different varieties of Lucerne depending on agrotechnological measures in the Southern Steppe“. Agroecological journal, Nr. 2 (21.05.2015): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2015.271488.
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Results of intensive farming and crop rotation violation on decrease in soil fertility are given. Therefore, the issue of preservation and reproduction of soil fertility is one of the most important in the world of agriculture. As a way to suspend the negative processes in the soil and improve its fertility is possible when perennial legumes such as alfalfa are placed in rotations. The objective of the research is the development and scientific substantiation of processing methods increase root mass accumulation in the soil, nitrogen fixation of alfalfa in the year of sowing. The studies were conducted during 2011–2013 years in the experimental field of the Institute of irrigated agriculture NAAS of Ukraine. In regard to soil and climate it is located in the area of South Steppe Inhulets irrigated areas. In our research, we studied the effect of growth conditions on the accumulation of root mass and biological nitrogen varieties of alfalfa Unitro and Zoryana. The root system of alfalfa of the first year of life under different growing conditions was located in a cone with a large accumulation in the 0–10 cm layer, followed by its decrease. In natural conditions, the amount of humidification of dry weight of roots was 1.75 t/ha, whereas it increased drip irrigation to 2.28 t/ha. Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by plants without irrigation of alfalfa was low and amounted to 72.56 kg/ha. Drip irrigation helped strengthen nitrogen fixation in alfalfa varieties, and was 143.55 kg/ha. Application of growth regulator Plantafol 30 contributed to the increase of these parameters in both varieties of alfalfa. The accumulation of organic matter in the form of root residues and the process of nitrogen fixation occurred most intensively under drip irrigation and the use of growth regulators Plantafol 30.
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Ding, Haoran, und Qijun Dai. „Intelligent Discrimination of Fruit Variety Quality Based on Bp Neural Network“. Advances in Engineering Technology Research 11, Nr. 1 (18.07.2024): 815. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.11.1.815.2024.
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In recent years, thanks to the development of computer vision technology and digital image technology, traditional agriculture and information technology have been deeply integrated. This study uses image recognition and bp neural network technology to identify the types of fruits and selects apples as objects for quality evaluation. First, 150 images of apples, bananas, peaches, avocados, and cherries were selected from the fruit database Fruit360 after grayscale processing as a data set. After the images were grayscaled, image denoising, edge detection, and other feature processing in MATLAB, The classification of five kinds of fruits has been successfully realized, and the correct rate of evaluation reached 94.8%. Then divide the data sets for apples of different varieties and qualities, and input them into the bp neural network for training. After testing, the 6-layer bp network has the highest accuracy rate, and can effectively classify and score apple images.
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Bobkova, V. V., S. N. Konovalov und E. K. Sashko. „Regularities of cadmium accumulation by red currant (<i>Ribes rubrum</i> L.) varieties on soddy-podzolic soils adjacent to megapolis Moscow“. Pomiculture and small fruits culture in Russia 69, Nr. 1 (15.07.2022): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31676/2073-4948-2022-69-87-98.
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The article studies the regularities of cadmium (Cd) accumulation by red currant (Ribes rubrum L.) plant varieties grown on soddy-podzolic soils adjacent to the metropolis of Moscow, containing 0.26-1.02 mg/kg of mobile Cd. The researches were carried out in collection plantations of the Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (Moscow region), including varieties of different ecological and geographical origin: 9 red (Valentinovka, Viksne, Gazelle, Konstantinovskaya, Nadezhda, Niva, Rachnovskaya, Serpantin, Jonkheer Van Tets), 2 pink (Gollandskaya Rozovaya, Lydia) and 2 white (Belaya Feya, Blanca) currant varieties. The agrochemical properties of soils, the content of mobile Cd in the soil, and its content in the fruits and leaves of plants were determined. The agrochemical properties of soils, the content of mobile Cd in the soil, in the fruits and leaves of plants were determined. The coefficients of Cd assimilation by the fruits and leaves of red currant plants were calculated, the statistical dependences of the Cd accumulation parameters on the agrochemical properties of soddy-podzolic soils at different depths of the root layer were determined. Regression dependences of Cd accumulation in fruits and leaves of red currant on parameters of agrochemical properties of the soil and the content of mobile Cd in the soil were constructed. It has been established that when grown on cultivated soddy-podzolic loamy soil with a mobile Cd content of 0.26-1.02 mg/kg in the root layers of the soil, red currant varieties Belaya Feya, Blanca, Valentinovka, Viksne, Gazelle, Konstantinovskaya, Lydia, Rachnovskaya, Serpantin, Jonkheer Van Tets are more resistant to soil contamination with Cd compared to varieties Gollandskaya Rozovaya, Nadezhda, Niva. At the same time, the content of Cd in the leaves of red currant, depending on the variety, is 2-3 times higher than its content in fruits. The regression models indicated a closer dependence on the parametrs of the agrochemical properties of the soil and the Cd content in it of the values of Cd accumulation in fruits than in leaves. The assimilation of Cd by the fruits of red currant plants when cultivated on cultivated soddy-podzolic soils with a mobile Cd content of 0.26-1.02 mg/kg depended on the varietal barrier properties of plants, the content of mobile Cd in it, and also on the mobility of Cd, which depends, in first of all, from the acidity and availability of the soil with alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen.
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Mamedov, K. S., und I. M. Khanieva. „Improving the technology of spelled cultivation in the central part of the North Caucasus conditions“. Вестник российской сельскохозяйственной науки, Nr. 1 (20.05.2024): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2500208224010049.
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The purpose of the study. The main goal of the research was the optimization of technological methods for the cultivation of promising spelled varieties in the conditions of the Central part of the North Caucasus. Spelled is a grain crop with high quality indicators. Research methods for studying spelled varieties were carried out in 2020–2022 on the experimental field of the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic at the University of Kabardino-Balkaria State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov, the nitrogen content in the soil was 0.12%, phosphorus 0.10% in a 30 cm soil layer, respectively. The scientific novelty of the research is represented by the fact that for the first time for the mountainous zone of the Central part of the North Caucasus, recommendations were given on the cultivation of promising spelled varieties, as well as cultivation technologies for high productivity. As a result, the harvest of spelled increased by 20%. This variety differs from the standard variety in high productivity parameters, as well as well-developed spikelets. For example, for wheat, the mass of 1000 seeds are taken into account, and for spelled, the total mass of spikelets, that is, five hundred spikelets contain a thousand grains. According to the morphological features, spelled bushes well and gives a good harvest during the harvesting process. This feature shows the high productivity of the plant, the weight in five hundred spikelets’ is 40 grams. To eliminate possible adverse effects when sowing spelled grain, it was decided to compare varieties for the selection of the most productive ones that form high-quality grain, as well as to the cultivation technology and the environment, as well as to compare the Yantara variety with the control. In the course of the experiments, regardless of precipitation and weather conditions, spelled formed a high yield, which, of course, is an important factor in yield. Thus, the work performed corresponds to the subject of the research work carried out in the field, as well as laboratory experiments, observation and analysis of the studies carried out corresponds to that set out in the article.
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MARTINEZ-MARCOS, ALINO, ENRIQUE LANUZA und FERNANDO MARTINEZ-GARCIA. „Retinal ganglion cells projecting to the optic tectum and visual thalamus of lizards“. Visual Neuroscience 19, Nr. 5 (September 2002): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523802195034.
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Retinal ganglion cells projecting to the optic tectum and visual thalamus have been investigated in the lizard, Podarcis hispanica. Injections of biotinylated dextran-amine in the optic tectum reveal seven morphological cell varieties including one displaced ganglion cell type. Injections in the visual thalamus yield similar ganglion cell classes plus four giant ganglion cells, including two displaced ganglion cell types. The present study constitutes the first comparison of tectal versus thalamic ganglion cell types in reptiles. The situation found in lizards is similar to that reported in mammals and birds where some cell types projecting to the thalamus are larger than those projecting to the mesencephalic roof. The presence of giant retino-thalamic ganglion cells with specific dendritic arborizations in sublaminae A and B of the inner plexiform layer suggests that parts of the visual thalamus of lizards could be implicated in movement detection, a role that might be played by the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, which is involved in our tracer injections.
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Rupasova, Zhanna A., Alexandr P. Yakovlev, Pavel N. Bely, Svetlana F. Zhdanets, Ol’ga S. Kozyr’, V. I. Domash, S. G. Аzizbekyan und Ivan I. Lishtvan. „INFLUENCE OF MINERAL AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON THE CHEMICAL AND AGROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE DEVELOPED LOWLAND PEAT DEPOSIT UNDER THE PLANTATION OF VIRGINAL PLANTS OF HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY“. Nature Management, Nr. 2 (28.12.2020): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47612/2079-3928-2020-2-115-124.
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The article deals with the results of a biennial (2017–2018) comparative study of physico-chemical and agrochemical properties of the residual layer of a peat deposit under the plantation of two-year virginal plants of model Vaccinium corymbosum varieties (Northcountry, Bluecrop and Northland) on a recultivated developed lowland peat deposit under introduction of complete mineral fertilizer (‘Rastvorin’ brand ‘B’, N16P16K16), microfertilizer (Nanoplant-8, including eight trace elements: Co, Mn, Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr, Mo and Se) and organic fertilizers (Ekosil and Gidrogumat).
In all variants of the experiment in both years of observations during the growing season in the root-inhabited layer, an increase relative to the initial level of the content of hydrolysable nitrogen and exchange potassium was found against the background of a decrease in the content of mobile phosphorus. In the first season, a slight increase in the level of hydrolytic acidity was registered, while the amount of absorbed bases decreased against the background of opposite changes in these indicators in the second season. In the first year of application of fertilizers by the end of the season, a significant enrichment of the substrate with mainly nitrate form of nitrogen and exchange potassium was established, with no noticeable changes in the content of mobile phosphorus. In the second year of application of fertilizers, there was a replenishment of ammonium nitrogen reserves with a predominant depletion of nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium (the greatest with Nanoplant and organic fertilizers treatment), which is due to the most intensive expenditure on the formation of the aboveground phytomass of experimental plants.
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Modrzejewski, Arkadiusz. „Spiritual Heritage of Europe in the Light of Personalistic Universalism of Karol Wojtyla—John Paul II“. Religions 12, Nr. 4 (29.03.2021): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12040244.
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The article is devoted to the philosophical and theological thought of Karol Wojtyła, i.e., John Paul II, who in his considerations gave a lot of attention to European issues, including the spiritual heritage of Europe, to European Christianity in its two varieties, i.e., Latin and Byzantine, and to the relationship between European unity and the pluralism of national cultures. We discover the proper sense of Wojtyła’s European thought by referring to his inspiration with the theology of spirituality, which was the future Pope’s first research experience. His vision of Europe is based on personalistic philosophy, thanks to which these considerations take a universal form. The key to understanding universalism is personalistic hermeneutics, owing to which we perceive the source of universality in man understood as a person. However, Wojtyła’s universalism has two faces. It is universalism in the literal sense, thanks to the personalistic perspective. In the axiological layer it also takes the form of Christian or European and in a way also Eurocentric universalism, which is related to the perception of Europe as a depositary and promoter of universal values of Christianity.
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Hu, Tian, Zhihua Liu, Rong Hu, Mi Tian, Zhiwei Wang, Ming Li und Guanghui Chen. „Convolutional Neural Network-Based Estimation of Nitrogen Content in Regenerating Rice Leaves“. Agronomy 14, Nr. 7 (29.06.2024): 1422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071422.
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Regenerated rice, characterized by single planting and double harvesting, saves labor and costs, significantly contributing to global food security. Hyperspectral imaging technology, which integrates image and spectral data, provides comprehensive, non-destructive, and pollution-free vegetation canopy analysis, making it highly effective for crop nutrient diagnosis. In this study, we selected two varieties of regenerated rice for field trials. Hyperspectral images were captured during key growth stages (flush, grouting, and ripening) of both the first and regenerated seasons. Utilizing a two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D-CNN) as a deep feature extractor and a fully connected layer for nitrogen content prediction, we developed a robust model suitable for estimating nitrogen content in regenerated rice. The experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.0008, significantly outperforming the back-propagation (BP) network and multiple linear regression by reducing the MSE by 0.0151 and 0.0247, respectively. It also surpasses the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) by 0.003. This approach ensures accurate nitrogen content prediction throughout the growth cycle of regenerated rice, aiding in yield and economic benefit enhancement.
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Ombódi, Attila, Andrea Csorbainé Gógán, Kálmán Pogrányi und Katalin Posta. „Effect of Different Irrigation Regimes on the Early Development of Pot-Grown Black Locust Saplings“. Columella : Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 9, Nr. 1 (08.07.2022): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18380/szie.colum.2022.9.1.43.
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Black locust currently is considered to be the most important tree species of short-rotation forests in Hungary with the purpose of either woody biomass or industrial wood. Despite the general supposition on the drought tolerance of the species, water availability seems to be a more limiting factor to exploit the growing potential of highly productive new varieties than nutrient amendments. Preliminary measurements of the current study were made on the connection between the depth of the water-retaining soil layer and the growth of saplings on black locust plantations. A significant negative correlation was found between the depth of the water-retaining layer, the stem diameter and the height of the saplings. To investigate the phenomenon, a model experiment was launched with loamy sand soil in the pots. During six weeks, pots were watered every morning up to the weight referring to the 30, 40, 60 and 80% of field capacity (FC). Our results showed that 30% FC was only sufficient for the survival of the saplings, growth was only noticeable at plants with 40% FC or more. During the first 4 weeks, differences in growth and cumulative evapotranspiration between the 60% and 80% FC treatment were not considerable. However, in the last two weeks, saplings with the highest FC produced substantially higher biomass, resulting in a one-third higher final weight than those of FC 60%. Even with the limited soil capacity of the pots, water use of these saplings of 1 m height and 1 cm stem diameter exceeded 1.5 L per day. Our results confirmed that black locust is a water-intensive species with a high water use potential, which emphasizes the importance of irrigation on nurseries and the first years of plantations.
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Juraev, A. K., M. Kh Khamidov, U. A. Juraev, B. N. Atamuradov, O. U. Murodov, K. B. Rustamova und M. M. Najmiddinov. „Effect of deep softeners on irrigation, salt washing and cotton yield on soils whose mechanical composition is heavy and meliorative status is difficult“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1138, Nr. 1 (01.02.2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1138/1/012006.
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Abstract In the article, studies were conducted on the economy of quality saline washing and irrigation water of saline soils by deepening medium coarse soils with a mechanical content of melioration, plaster, salinity in the conditions of Bukhara region. In experiments, basically, there were three ways to soften the field: plowing in the first experiments at a depth of 35 cm, plowing in the second experiment at 60 cm, and plowing in the third experiments at a depth of 80 cm. During the experiments, in the first variant of the studies, the norm of salt washing was set to 6480 cbm/ha, in the second variant to 5210 cbm/ha and in the third variant to 5010 cbm/ha. First studies in irrigation of Bukhara included 102 varieties, that is, in the control variant to 5821 cbm/ha, in the second variant to 5284 cbm/ha and in the third variant to 5100 cbm/ha. They were watered 5 times during the season. At the same time, high quality cotton was harvested due to the increase in the cotton yield to 0.39 t/ha in variant 2 and 0.129 t/ha in variant 3 compared to the control. And the land reclamation situation improved. The amount of chlorine ion in the active layer is 0.003 in variant 2 compared to the control. The amount of dry residue decreased by 0.058% in variant 2 and the amount of dry residue by 0.063% in variant 3.
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Juraev, A. K., M. Kh Khamidov, U. A. Juraev, B. N. Atamuradov, O. U. Murodov, K. B. Rustamova und M. M. Najmiddinov. „The effect of deep softeners on irrigation, salt washing and cotton yield on soils with heavy mechanical composition“. BIO Web of Conferences 103 (2024): 00017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410300017.
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In the article, studies were conducted on the economy of saline soils quality saline washing and irrigation water by deepening of medium coarse soils with a mechanical content of melioration, plaster, salinity in the conditions of Bukhara region. In experiments, basically, there were three ways to soften the field: plowing in the first experiments at 35 cm, plowing in the second experiment at 60 cm, and plowing in the third experiments at a depth of 80 cm. During the experiments, in the first variant of the studies, the norm of salt washing was set to 6480 cbm/ha, in the second variant to 5210 cbm/ha and in the third variant to 5010 cbm/ha. First of the studies in irrigation of Bukhara 102 varieties, that is, in the control variant to 5821 cbm/ha, in the second variant to 5284 cbm/ha and in the third variant to 5100 cbm/ha. Watered 5 times during the season. At the same time, high quality cotton was harvested due to the increase in cotton yield to 0.39 t/ha in the variant 2 and 0.129 t/ha in the variant 3 compared to the control, and the land reclamation situation improved. the amount of chlorine ion in the active layer is 0.003 in the variant 2 compared to the control. The amount of dry residue decreased by 0.058% in the variant 2 and the amount of dry residue by 0.063% in the variant 3.
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Deng, Shixin, Qun Yin, Shanshan Zhang, Kankan Shi, Zhongkui Jia und Luyi Ma. „Drip Irrigation Affects the Morphology and Distribution of Olive Roots“. HortScience 52, Nr. 9 (September 2017): 1298–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11997-17.
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Under field conditions, this study investigated the influence of the irrigation amount on olive root morphology and spatial distribution. Soil samples were taken with an auger at distances of 30, 60, and 90 cm from the tree trunks in four directions. The roots were analyzed using an Epson Twain Pro root scanning system. The results indicated that under different irrigation treatments, the indicators of root morphology of different varieties showed different responses to the irrigation amount. The root length density (RLD), root surface area (RSA), and root volume (RV) of Arbosana first increased with increasing irrigation amount but then decreased; however, those of Arbequina monotonically increased with increasing irrigation amount. The root average diameter of the two varieties was inversely proportional to the irrigation amount. In the vertical dimension, the RLD and RSA of each treatment decreased with increasing soil depth and were mainly distributed in the surface soil (0–20 cm in depth). The RLD and RSA in the vertical direction (VD) of the drip irrigation belt were higher than those of the belt in the parallel direction (PD), and the range was 12% to 86%. Compared with the roots of the 0- to 20-cm soil layer, the roots of the 20- to 40-cm and 40- to 60-cm soil layers were more influenced by the irrigation amount. Horizontally, the RLD and RSA decreased with increasing radial distance. The 30-cm radial area contained most roots, the proportion of roots in this region increased with increasing irrigation capacity. The influence of irrigation quantity in the PD of the drip irrigation belt was greater than that in the VD. The results suggest that irrigation does not change the root spatial distribution pattern but does promote root growth. The two varieties had different responses to irrigation. In terms of soil moisture levels after irrigation, 75% of field capacity is appropriate for ‘Arbosana’, whereas 100% is advisable for ‘Arbequina’. To improve water use efficiency, moisture should be irrigated within the 30-cm radial distance from the trunk, and irrigation depth is not easy to more than 20 cm. This study provides a scientific basis for the efficient water management of olive trees.
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Korz, Sven, Sullivan Sadzik, Camilla More, Christian Buchmann, Elke Richling und Katherine Munoz. „Effect of Grape Pomace Varieties and Soil Characteristics on the Leaching Potential of Total Carbon, Nitrogen and Polyphenols“. Soil Systems 7, Nr. 2 (15.05.2023): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems7020049.
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Grape pomace (GP) has an added value because of its contribution to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soils when applied as an organic fertilizer. Macronutrients from GP are translocated into the soil after amendment, but little is known about the factors that may influence the mobility of C, N and bioactive molecules, i.e., polyphenols, in the soil column. We investigated the mobility of the macronutrient content of GP, derived from two red (Dornfelder and Pinot noir) and two white grape varieties (Riesling and Pinot blanc). For that, three different soils (loamy sand RefeSol01A, silt loam RefeSol02A and a vineyard soil) were evaluated in a column model using a GP application rate of 30 t ha−1. The three-step lab-scale approach included the analysis of total C, N and polyphenols expressed as total polyphenolic content (TPC) in: (a) the fresh GP, representing the total amount of C, N and TPC; (b) the mobility with rainwater, representing the aqueous extractable fraction and (c) the mobility in the soil column and leaching potential. Our results showed that total C/N ratios were wider in the white GP varieties compared with the red ones. Higher TPC values were measured in Dornfelder and Pinot noir compared with white varieties. Analysis of the water-extractable fraction showed that the C recovery may reach up to 48% in Pinot blanc, which also corresponds to the highest N contribution. Extractable polyphenols were higher in the red compared with the white varieties by a factor of 2.4. C and N were mobilized with rainwater from the GP through the soil column. However, the application rate used in the experiment was not indicative of an accumulation in the soil. Compared with the control (no GP application), C values were significantly higher in the leachates from GP-treated soils, in contrast to N values. Up to 10% of the TPC of the pomace was leached into the soil. The TPC recovery in the soils strongly depended on the combination of soil type and GP variety. Generally, the sandy and more acidic soil showed an even distribution of phenolics with a high recovery rate (up to 92%) compared with more neutral and silty soil. Most of the polyphenol content could accumulate in the upper soil layer (0–10 cm). These results provide the first insights on the mobility of macronutrients in the soil using a column model and point out the need to relate those experiments to soil and GP properties in order to avoid the accumulation of nutrients in soil or mobility to adjacent ecosystems.
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Lorusso, Paolo, und Linda Badan. „A cross-linguistic comparison of clausal embedding with causative and perception verbs“. Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 10, Nr. 4 (01.03.2024): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.326.
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In Italian, causatives are expressed through a periphrasis make + infinitival V. When the embedded verb is transitive, the embedded subject is generally introduced by a to/by preposition. For this reason, some scholars have analyzed causatives as a verbal complex with a single argument structure, involving a complex functional layer. In this paper, we offer a cross-linguistic comparison of causative clausal embedding. First, we compare Italian causatives with perception verbs, where no prepositions introduce the embedded subject. Then, we compare Italian causatives to those in Balkan languages and Southern Italian varieties which allow finite embedding. We account for the variation in terms of differences in the (+/-) defective status of the embedded clause and in the availability of AGREE operation (inspired by Manzini 2022). We conclude the comparison with Chinese, where no AGREE operation is available and a θ-feature checking operation is at work: embedded subjects check the θ-feature of both verbs as in the control construction (à la Manzini & Roussou2000). We argue that language variation in clausal embeddings relates to the phasal/non phasal status of embedded clauses and to the available syntactic operations.
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Matsukatova, A. N., N. V. Prudnikov, V. A. Kulagin, A. D. Trofimov und A. V. Emelyanov. „A reservoir computing system with volatile and non-volatile organic memristors as a promising hardware architecture“. Genes & Cells 18, Nr. 4 (15.12.2023): 814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/gc623423.
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In recent years, many scientific groups have been working on hardware implementation of the artificial neural networks to approach the computational efficiency of their biological counterpart. Memristors may play the role of synapses in such networks [1]. Varieties of memristive structures and materials have already been tested in different neural network architectures, but still no memristor is considered ideal for hardware synapse implementation [1]. One of the most significant problems is the presence of inherent stochasticity distinctive for all memristive devices, which complicates the training of the neural networks [1]. Several approaches were proposed to partially mitigate this problem, e.g., a reservoir computing system (RCS) [2] and spiking neural networks (SNN) [3] as well as defect engineering for memristive characteristics improvement. In this work, we propose to combine RCS with SNN and create a bio-inspired neuromorphic system based on two types of organic memristors with specifically designed structures and advanced characteristics. The RCS consists of two main parts: the reservoir and the readout [2]. The reservoir layer extracts some representative features from the input data due to its internal nonlinear dynamics. The readout layer then uses these features to classify the input data. Typically, a conventional fully connected neural network is used as a readout layer in the RCS. The training process occurs only in the readout layer, while a reservoir is not trainable. This decrease in trainable parameters considerably reduces the memristive stochasticity impact on the training process. The use of different types of memristors for the RCS is essential. The reservoir layer should consist of memristors with short-term memory, i.e., volatile memristors. This way, memristors can process each input sample individually. Volatile polyaniline-based memristors were chosen for this layer implementation. They can operate within a biologically plausible time range, which is essential as we aim to mimic biological systems [4]. In contrast, the reservoir layer should consist of memristors with long-term memory, i.e., non-volatile memristors, because the readout layer should preserve the trained synaptic weights. Non-volatile parylene memristors with incorporated MoO3 nanoparticles were chosen for the readout layer. The reservoir computing system adopts some essential principles of brain function, as both short- and long-term memory are significant in biological systems. However, traditional neural networks are commonly used as a readout layer in the RCSs [2]. Their training requires global weight updates, making them vulnerable to memristive stochasticity. In contrast, the SNNs allow local training, e.g., using bio-inspired learning rules, which makes them more effective and robust [3]. Consequently, we presume that a fully organic RCS with an SNN readout layer is a promising hardware memristive architecture. The work consists of two parts: hardware and software. First, the polyaniline- and parylene-based memristive devices were fabricated and tested. Hardware polyaniline reservoir demonstrated an ability to extract characteristic features from the input data. Nanocomposite parylene memristors were suitable for the role of synapses in the readout layer due to the unique combination of high switching speed, high stability, low power consumption and the possibility of crossbar implementation. Next, the traditional and spiking readout layers were compared in simulation. It was shown that the SNN readout layer is more adaptive and sustainable to noise in image classification tasks as well as memristive stochasticity [5].
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Shakirzyanov, Anvar, Ilyusya Nikonorova und Viktoriya Agafonova. „Developing a parent material for breeding forage rye in conditions of Bashkortostan“. Agrarian Bulletin of the 199, Nr. 8 (31.08.2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-199-8-19-24.
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Abstract. The aim of the research is to create source material for breeding forage rye that combines stable productivity over the years, high protein content in the grain, and low content of water-soluble pentosans. The object of research was winter rye. Research methods Research on these tasks was carried out in 2016–2018 in the conditions of the South-Western Urals using generally accepted methods. The predecessor is dead fallow. Soil is chernozem with a predominance of leached, typical and carbonate varieties with the following agrochemical indicators: humus content in the topsoil – 7–9 %, pH value – 7.2–7.6, total nitrogen in the arable layer of the soil – 0.4 %, mobile potassium and phosphorus (according to Machigin) – respectively 20.5 mg/100 g and 10.2 mg / 100 g of dry soil, calcium – 5.6 %. The recommended rate of mineral fertilizers is N60P60K60. Scientific novelty. For the first time, 3 promising winter rye varieties selected in the Bashkir scientific research Institute and 2 samples of the All-Union Research Institute of Plant Breeding were studied in climatic conditions of south-western Cis-Ural. The content of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP) and the water extract viscosity (WEV) were evaluated. The breeding value of plants was studied. Results The main indicators of the nutritional quality of winter rye grain are found to depend on both the variety (genotype) and the influence of external conditions (phenotype). It was detected that the content of water-soluble polysaccharides and the dynamic viscosity of the grain meal water extract are in a linear relationship (r = 0.98). They are unstable indicators and have a variable character. There are two varieties (Kombaynnyay 3 i Krupnozernaya 2) with the lowest WSP and WEV values and a high protein content in the grain. They can serve as source material to develop fodder crops in conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The rye WEV was found to increase significantly in dry years, and decrease in wet years. The comparative evaluation of grain crops showed that the WEV of winter rye exceeded that of winter wheat by 3.5 times, spring wheat by 3.7 times, and winter triticale by 3.1 times. It was found that the samples with lower WSP and WEV indicators had small grains, low grain unit and higher protein content.
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Адилов, М. М., Б. А. Рустамов, А. С. Рустамов und М. Э. Аманова. „Varieties and hybrids of red cabbage for re-culture in Uzbekistan“. Kartofel` i ovoshi, Nr. 4 (07.04.2021): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25630/pav.2021.66.80.004.
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Проведение исследований по подбору сортов краснокочанной капусты – актуальная научная и практическая проблема для сельского хозяйства Узбекистана. Цель исследований: подбор сортов и гибридов краснокочанной капусты при возделывании ее в качестве повторной культуры в летне-осенний период. Исследования проводили на кафедре овощеводства, бахчеводства и картофелеводства Ташкентского государственного аграрного университета. Полевые опыты закладывали на экспериментальной базе НИИ генетических ресурсов растений, расположенной в Кибрайском районе Ташкентской области. Почвы – типичные сероземы давнего орошения с мощностью гумусового горизонта 0,6–1,0 м. В 2015–2019 годах была изучена коллекция из 24 различных сортообразцов краснокочанной капусты, стандант – гибрид F1Primero. Выделены следующие сортообразцы: F1 Red Dynasty, F1Super red, б/н из Китая, F1 Romanov, F1 Royal. Вместе со стандартом и гибридом F1 Omero, популярным на семенном рынке Узбекистана, они были включены в предварительное сортоиспытание. Было выявлено, что все испытанные сортообразцы по продолжительности вегетационного периода относятся к группе ранних (от посадки до первого сбора 84–92 дня). В конкурсное сортоиспытание были включены вместе со стандартом 4 сортообразца: три наиболее урожайных (б/н из Китая, F1 Ranchero, F1Red Dynasty) и гибрид F1 Omero, отличавшийся высокой завязываемостью и товарностью кочанов. Установлено, что наибольшей облиственностью отличались сортообразцы: F1 Ranchero, б/н из Китая и F1 Red Dynasty, наименьшей – F1 Omero. Лучшей завязываемостью кочанов отличались сортообразцы б/н из Китая и F1Omero, худшей – F1 Red Dynasty. Наиболее крупные кочаны в питомнике конкурсного сортоиспытания сформировали F1 Ranchero (1,13 кг) и б/н из Китая (1,12 кг), наиболее мелкие – F1Omero (0,98 кг). В питомнике конкурсного сортоиспытания стандарт по общей и товарной урожайности превзошли сортообразцы F1 Ranchero (42,8 и 34,3 т/га), б/н из Китая (40,3 и 30,8 т/га) и F1Omero (38,2 и 31,7 т/га соответственно). Для возделывания в повторной культуре рекомендуется использовать гибрид F1 Ranchero и сортообразец б/н из Китая. Conducting research on the selection of varieties of red cabbage is an actual scientific and practical problem for the agriculture of Uzbekistan. The purpose of the research: selection of varieties and hybrids of red cabbage in the cultivation of its repeated culture in the summer-autumn period. The research was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Growing, Melon Growing and Potato Growing of the Tashkent State Agrarian University. Field experiments were conducted at the experimental base of the Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, located in Kibraisk district, Tashkent region. The soils are typical grey desert soil of long-standing irrigation with a humus layer thickness of 0.6–1.0 m. In 2015–2019, a collection of 24 different cultivars of red cabbage, a standant hybrid F1 Primero, was studied. The following varieties are distinguished: F1 Red Dynasty, F1 Super red, untitled from China, F1 Romanov, F1 Royal. Together with the standard and the F1 Omero hybrid, which is popular in the seed market of Uzbekistan, they were included in the preliminary variety testing. It was revealed that all the varieties tested in it belong to the group of early varieties according to the duration of the growing season (from planting to the first harvest, 84–92 days). In the competitive variety testing, 4 varieties were included together with the standard: the three most productive (untitled from China, F1 Ranchero, F1 Red Dynasty) and the F1Omero hybrid, which was characterized by high tying and marketability of heads. It was found that the most leafy varieties were: F1 Ranchero, untitled from China and F1 Red Dynasty, the least – F1Omero. The best knotting of the heads was distinguished by untitled cultivars from China and F1 Omero, the worst – F1 Red Dynasty. The largest heads in the nursery of the competitive variety test were formed by F1 Ranchero (1.13 kg) and untitled from China (1.12 kg), the smallest – F1 Omero (0.98 kg). In the nursery of competitive variety testing, the standard for total and commercial yield was surpassed by the varieties F1 Ranchero (42.8 and 34.3 t/ha), untitled from China (40.3 and 30.8 t/ha) and F1 Omero (38.2 and 31.7 t/ha, respectively). For cultivation in repeated culture, it is recommended to use the F1 Ranchero hybrid and the untitled variety from China.
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Bieliatynskyi, Andrii, Shilin Yang, Valerii Pershakov, Meiyu Shao und Mingyang Ta. „Features of the hot recycling method used to repair asphalt concrete pavements“. Materials Science-Poland 40, Nr. 2 (01.08.2022): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2022-0021.
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Abstract The recycling methods used in the construction and repairing of asphalt concrete pavements are being constantly improved, and the improvements mostly fall under one of the following common avenues of innovation: developing new binders based on bitumen and cement; developing new varieties of asphalt concrete and other materials having an equivalent utility and function; and developing additives that can be used in the production of new types of binders that can enhance the performance properties of the pavements. This article aims to develop the composition and determine the physical-mechanical and structural-rheological properties of asphalt concrete reclaimed by the hot recycling method and reinforced by fiber of fly ash from thermal power plants (TPP). The author of this article developed a mechanism for the interaction between fiber and bitumen in asphalt binder and acquired an optimum composition of hot granular asphalt concrete. During the research, the author evaluated the utility of fiber used as an additive in reclaimed asphalt concrete, studied its effect on the properties of hot reclaimed asphalt concrete, and examined the technological and performance properties and durability of the material obtained. The fiber of fly ash used in the hot recycling method made it possible to reduce the cost and ensure the high quality and durability of the structural layer of road pavement. Our experiments with analyses of the obtained composition indicated that employing it in the construction of the structural layer of road payment would result in superior structural integrity. Hot recycling made it possible to obtain thick bound layers characterized by the homogeneity of the material. For the first time, the author studied the effect of using fiber of fly ash from Chinese TPP in hot reclaimed asphalt concrete, and the results have proved the rationality of using this composition.
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Aslam, Tanveer, Hafiz Muhammad Ijaz, Muzammil Ur Rehman, Abdul Razzaq, Syed Ali Nawaz und Salman Qadri. „Machine Vision Approach for Identification of Four Variant Pakistani Rice Using Multi-Features Dataset“. Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 7, Nr. 01 (07.03.2023): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgurjcsit.2023.0701348.
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Crops are the most important and beneficial food source in Pakistan. The demand for food has been an increase in Pakistan due to population growth. Pakistan produced 7,410 million tons of rice according to the financial year survey 2020 (FYS-2020). Pakistani rice has been cultivated in 3,304 hectares of the agricultural land zone, and it is also export around the world. Rice is also increased by 0.6% Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Pakistan (FYS-2020). The old and manual process of rice classification is more expensive and time-consuming. In this study, we describe a machine vision approach for rice identification. We use four different varieties of rice for the experimental process such as Pakei_Kaynat, Kaynat_Kauchei, and Kauchei_Super_Banaspati and Tootaa_Kauchei (P1, P2, P3, and P4). The 100 images dataset have been used for practical work and total calculated of 400 (4 x 100) image of rice. The different process has been deploying on available datasets such as introduction, preprocessing methodology, and result discussion. A quality enhancement technique has been implementing for clarifying between rice color and shape sampling, and it is also converted color image in gray scale level. Every image has been employing six different non-overlapping regions of interest (ROI’s) and calculated a total of 2400 (6 x 400) ROI’s. Binary (B), Histogram (H) and Texture (T) features have been implemented and extract 43 features on each ROI’s and total calculated 103,200 (2400 x 43) machine learning (ML) features. Best First Search (BFS) Algorithm was used for feature optimization. Different ML classifiers are implementing for experimental process namely; Function Multi-Layer-Perception, Function SMO, Random Tree, J48 Tree, Meta Classifier via Regression and Meta Bagging. The Function Multi-Layer-Perception overall accuracy (OA) has describe better accuracy result is 99.8333%.
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Brovdi, A., und V. Polishchuk. „Effectiveness of floribunda roses vegetative propagation by budding“. Agrobìologìâ, Nr. 1(187) (24.05.2024): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2024-187-1-37-42.
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Due to the growing demand for re-flowering roses, there is a need to improve the technology of their propagation in order to obtain sufficient quantities of high-quality planting material for ornamental gardening. Considering that self-rooted roses are vulnerable to negative environmental factors, especially in the first years of cultivation, they are mainly propagated by budding. Roses were budded with latent buds in 2021- 2022. For budding, growth buds of varietal roses were used taken from the middle part of well-developed and matured annual shoots. The bud is inserted under the bark of the rootstock's root collar through a T-shaped incision. It has been found out that the propagation of Floribunda roses by budding is effective with a percentage of cells survival up to 83%. Carmagnola variety had the best survival rate of 83%. The worst survival rate was observed in the Novalis variety – 63%. The budding method did not significantly affect the yield of planting material after wintering. The number of successfully overwintered plants in the whole group ranged from 71 to 93%. It was determined that the survival rate of the vegetative buds depended on the grafting method and the size of the cuttings from which the vegetative buds were selected. It was found that the survival rate of buds without wood in most varieties was 17% lower than with a thin layer of wood. The occulants taken from the middle part of the shoots had the best survival rate. The percentage of their survival ranged from 63 to 83% depending on the variety. The occulants from the apical and basal parts were also viable, but their survival rate was 27% and 23% lower than the previous ones. The results obtained indicate a high survival rate of cuttings of floribunda varieties, especially those taken from the middle part of annual shoots that were well matured at the time of budding. Key words: roses, floribunda, reproduction, budding, eye, landscaping.
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Satanar, Marianna T. „A systematic approach to studying the mythological concept of ichchi: the problem statement“. Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, Nr. 2 (2024): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/87/12.
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The paper addresses the problem of studying the concept of ichchi (master spirit) of things, objects, and natural phenomena, representing a significant layer of mythopoetic representations in the Sakha culture. The research materials included both the epic texts of оlonkho and mythological texts, with some of them being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The novelty of the research is considering the concept under study as a subsystem of folklore, which adapts and reconstructs itself in response to social and historical realities. Moreover, it is suggested to regard the emerging ichchi of modern times as new products of urban culture. An attempt is made to verify the semantics of mythopoetic views by considering natural science theories and to rationalize the metaphorical language of the epic olonkho. The paper offers a comprehensive definition of ichchi, delving into the prerequisites for its emergence, genesis, and development and exploring the distinctive connection it has with human creative activity. It is stated that the creative individual plays a central role in converting natural elements into human culture, specifically in cultivating nature. In this process, the ichchi of objects, things, and phenomena are also somewhat “cultivated” and transformed into the focal points of an individual’s dual worldview. The author suggests a systematization of the varieties of ichchi based on the juxtapositions of two modes of existence: nature and culture.