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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Filtration à flux tangentiel“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Filtration à flux tangentiel"
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Serrano, Michel, Anne-Claire Vannier und Pascal Ribéreau-Gayon. „Clarification des vins par filtration en flux tangentiel (ultrafiltration). Incidence sur la composition chimique et les qualités organoleptiques. Evolution des produits au cours du vieillissement“. OENO One 22, Nr. 1 (31.03.1988): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1988.22.1.1256.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Les auteurs étudient la clarification des vins en flux tangentiel avec un ultrafiltre pilote muni de membranes organiques. Les débits de perméat sont faibles (30 l x h<sup>-1</sup> x m<sup>-2</sup>) mais le colmatage peu important. Les pourcentages de retentat sont peu élevés (0,3 à 0,7 %). Les produits ainsi clarifiés présentent de faibles turbidités et des indices de colmatage très bas. Cette technique entraîne une rétention importante des polysaccharides et des composés phénoliques des vins rouges. Les qualités organoleptiques sont légèrement affectées dans les premiers mois qui suivent l'opération, mais les différences entre les vins témoins et ultrafiltrés sont difficiles à détecter après douze mois de conservation des échantillons.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Wine clarification with a tangentiel flux through a pilot ultrafilter with organic pads (breaking point 50,000 Daltons.) has been studied. Porosity is low (30 l x h<sup>-1</sup> x m<sup>-2</sup>), but the blockage of the filter is hardly possible as the percentage of retentiveness is limited (0.3 % to 0.7 %). The finished wines thus clarified have a perfect sparkling clarity and a low blockage potential. The type of sterilization, however, used with this type of filter-pads made it impossible to obtain a complete erradication of all microorganisms in the filtrate. Close filtration has little influence on the aromatic flavours and aromas of white wines although macromolecules are highly affected. A 76 % to 88 % fall in the amount of polysaccharides may be observed. In the same way the phenolic compounds in red wines are affected. The more mature, the richer in alcohol and colour the wine is, the greater the effect of close filtration upon the wine; this may provoke a visible fall in the colour intensity. Close filtration improves tartric stability but has hardly any effect at all on protein stability in white wines. When applied to young wines, close filtration does not show a significant change in the organoleptic analysis compared to more traditional filtration processes, particularly when tasted after a six months period of ageing. When close filtration is applied to more mature wines, the organoleptic analysis may detect it during the first months after the filtration, but it tends to disappear and it is hardly traceable after a year or two. It is surprising to note that on such red wines the organoleptic analysis cannot detect the differences between two samples, one which had undergone close filtration and one which had not, despite a major changes in the chemical analysis particulary concerning the colour and the amount of polysaccharides.</p>
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Ben Amar, R., E. Ellouze, B. B. Gupta und A. M. Ayad. „Traitement d'effluents de tannerie-mégisserie par microfiltration tangentielle“. Revue des sciences de l'eau 14, Nr. 4 (12.04.2005): 445–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705427ar.
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Dans ce travail un procédé de traitement des effluents issus de l'unité de préparation des peaux des animaux au tannage (travail en rivière) en tannerie-mégisserie a été étudié en utilisant la technique de microfiltration tangentielle sur membrane minérale en céramique. Les performances de ce procédé en terme de flux de filtration et de rendement épuratoire dépendent aussi bien des paramètres hydrodynamiques de filtration que de la qualité des effluents (collectés en été et en printemps) issus des différents bains de traitement et de rinçage des peaux dans l'atelier de rivière. Le flux de filtration varie entre 15 l/h.m2 pour l'effluent de printemps et 90 l/h.m2 pour l'effluent d'été. Les paramètres hydrodynamiques optimaux ont également été déterminés: la vitesse de circulation U=3 m/s, la pression transmembranaire Ptm=2 bar et la température T=43°C. L'étude de la microfiltration à concentration variable conduit à des facteurs de concentration volumique (FCV) de 6,5 pour l'effluent de l'été et de 2,4 pour l'effluent de printemps.
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Charfi, A., J. Harmand, N. Ben Amar, A. Grasmick und M. Heran. „Deposit membrane fouling: influence of specific cake layer resistance and tangential shear stresses“. Water Science and Technology 70, Nr. 1 (22.04.2014): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.186.
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Cake fouling is the leading cause of membrane permeability decrease when filtering mixed liquor suspension containing high suspended solid concentrations. A simple model is proposed to simulate the cake resistance evolution with time by considering a macro-scale fouling linked only to the accumulation of particles on the membrane surface. This accumulation appears as the difference between the flux of deposited particles due to the filtration and the flux of particles detached from the membrane surface due to the tangential shear stresses caused by recirculation flow in the sidestream membrane bioreactor (MBR) or gas sparging close to the membrane surface for submerged MBR configuration. Two determining parameters were then highlighted: the specific cake resistance and the ‘shear parameter’. Based on these parameters it is possible to predict model outputs as cake resistance and permeate flux evolution for short-time filtration periods.
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Lee, Jieun, Jiwon Na und Youngbin Baek. „Effects of Impurities from Sugar Excipient on Filtrate Flux during Ultrafiltration and Diafiltration Process“. Membranes 11, Nr. 10 (11.10.2021): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11100775.
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Sugar excipients such as sucrose and maltose are widely used for biopharmaceutical formulation to improve protein stability and to ensure isotonicity for administration. However, according to recent literature, pharmaceutical-grade sucrose contained nanoparticulate impurities (NPIs) that result in protein aggregation and degradation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the filtrate flux behavior of sugar solution during ultrafiltration (UF) and diafiltration (DF). Filtrate flux data were obtained using either a tangential flow filtration (TFF) system for DF experiments or a normal flow filtration system for UF experiments. In diafiltration experiments, which were performed using 7 g/L of human immunoglobulin G in a 20 mM histidine buffer with the 100 mM sucrose or maltose, the filtrate flux with sucrose solution decreased significantly. In contrast, the one with maltose solution was in good correspondence with the calculated filtrate flux accounting for the effects of solution viscosity. This large decline in the flux was also observed during UF experiments, in which the presence of NPIs was identified by dynamic light scattering analysis and by capturing an SEM image of the membrane surface after filtration. In addition, highly purified sucrose resulted in a much lower flux decline in TFF in the absence of NPIs. These results provide important insights into the factors governing the optimization of the UF/DF process using appropriate excipients for biopharmaceutical formulation.
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Sravan Kumar, Pillalamarri, Surabhi Goyal und Amit Kumar. „Process Validation of Tangential Flow Filtration System for High Yield Drug Substance of Vaccine“. Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance and Quality Control 4, Nr. 1 (29.04.2022): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jqaqc.2022.v04i01.002.
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Objective: The objective of this work is to prove and validate Tangential Flow Filtration System for high yield drug substance of vaccine as product and also to provide the experimental insight for vaccine industrial personnel to acquire the knowledge on the process validation of the system to obtain high and consistent yield of the product. Methods: The method in this work involves the experimental determination of the process parameters for Tangential Flow Filtration system such as Trans-membrane pressure and flux including validation of these parameters to achieve the high yield drug substance with consistency. The experiment entails the execution of three validation batches with different variables during the process and standardized at the point of maximum yield with similar reliability. Results: The performed validation of Tangential Flow Filtration system was so optimal and suitable for identification of parameters that controlled the yield of the drug substance consistently and validated accordingly. Statistical evaluation of the optimized parameters results from three consecutive batches was done and the mean was calculated individually as 0.25 bar for TMP, 0.4 LMH for flux and 402.6mg/mL for drug substance yield. Conclusion: The considered approach in the process validation of Tangential Flow Filtration system includes independent verification and application of parameters, which supports maximum yield of the vaccine product. The execution of these batches was successfully carried out in the laboratory that involves the purification of the upstream harvest sample for obtaining the maximum and consistent yield concentration of the drug substance with the decisive designing and validation of process parameters.
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Carvajal-Zarrabal, Octavio, Samantha Ling-Chee Siong, Mohammad Omar Abdullah, Yie Hua Tan, Esaki Shoji, Miguel Ángel Morales-Mora, Jesús Carrillo-Ahumada und Cirilo Nolasco-Hipolito. „Recovery of Membrane Permeability after Filtration of Sago Starch Suspension by Tangential Flow Filtration“. Journal of Applied Research and Technology 21, Nr. 3 (27.06.2023): 384–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/icat.24486736e.2023.21.3.1814.
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Sago starch is extracted from the stems of the sago palm, Metroxylon sagu, in south-east Asia. Sago starch processing generates approximately 20 tons of starch containing effluents that can be recovered and marketed to sustain a small-scale industry. Tangential flow filtration (TFF) using microfiltration membranes (MFM) has been demonstrated as an effective method for separating suspended solids in biological effluents. When TFF was applied to concentrate sago starch suspensions (SSS), membrane permeability and lifecycle were impacted due to frequent fouling. This study evaluated cleaning methods to recover the permeability and extend the lifecycle of MFM following TFF application. Polysulfone membrane filter cassettes of pore size 0.45 µm and surface area 0.1 m2 were each used to separate starch in 100 L of SSS. Following separation, six chemical and physical cleaning methods were tested at laboratory-scale and the degree of cleaning was measured by normalized permeate flux (NPF) and normalized water permeability (NWP). The results showed that soaking the membranes in a 0.2 M NaOH solution (up to 91%, (p<0.05) within the shortest time of 72 h, (p<0.05) was the best cleaning method. The procedure has been utilized to maintain and extend the lifecycle of the MFM for streams containing starch suspensions.
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Chan, See Yi, Kok Chung Chong, Woon Chan Chong, Soon Onn Lai, Yean Ling Pang und Shee Keat Mah. „Effect of Flowrate and Pressure on the Crossflow Filtration in Textile Wastewater Treatment by Commercial UF Membrane“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1303, Nr. 1 (01.02.2024): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1303/1/012022.
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Abstract Textile industries are one of the greatest wastewater producers as they require a significant amount of water to be used in the dyeing and finishing processes of textile manufacturing. The number of unit operations in the technological process, the product range, the bath ratio, the mass of fiber in relation to the bath volume, and the finishing machine are some variables that will affect water consumption in the textile industry. As a result, generally, a typical textile plant may consume a volume of water between 100,000 and 300,000 m3 annually. As textiles address a substantial portion of human requirements, it is predicted that by 2050, there will be 160 million metric tonnes, three times as much clothing as there is today. Membrane technology in wastewater treatment is a recent interest arising technique and garnering the industrial application’s interest, owing to its ease of setup and low energy requirement. Crossflow membrane filtration is commonly used in the industry, attributed to its tangential flow across the membrane mechanism, leading to low fouling. This study investigated the textile wastewater’s effluents using crossflow ultrafiltration (UF) membrane filtration. The effect of the operating parameter in terms of pressure and flowrate of the crossflow system were performed to evaluate it permeate flux performance. The study’s outcome reveals pressure increases from 2 bar to 4 bar, the water flux enhances dramatically from 156.26 L/m2hr to 591.98 L/m2hr, and the water flux further increases constantly from 4 bar to 10 bar. On the other hand, the flowrate positively affects the permeate flux, where the flux was enhanced from 651.01 L/m2hr to 726.08 L/m2hr when adjusting the flow rate from 2 LPM to 6 LPM. The results from this study suggested that crossflow membrane filtration system could be commercially feasible due to its permeate flux performance.
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Dziubak, Tadeusz. „Experimental Investigation of Possibilities to Improve Filtration Efficiency of Tangential Inlet Return Cyclones by Modification of Their Design“. Energies 15, Nr. 11 (24.05.2022): 3871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15113871.
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It has been shown that tangential inlet return cyclones are commonly used for inlet air filtration of off-road vehicle engines. The wear of the engine elements, and thus their durability, is determined by the efficiency and accuracy of the inlet air filtration. It has been shown that the possibilities of increasing the separation efficiency or decreasing the pressure drop of a cyclone by changing the main dimensions of the cyclone are limited, because any arbitrary change in one of the dimensions of an already operating cyclone may cause the opposite effect. A literature analysis of the possibility of increasing the filtration efficiency of cyclones by modifying the design of selected cyclone components was conducted. In this paper, three modifications of the cyclone design with a tangential inlet of the inlet air filter of a military tracked vehicle were proposed and performed. The symmetrical inlet of the cyclone was replaced with an asymmetrical inlet. The cylindrical outlet tube was replaced with a conical tube, and the edges of the inlet opening were given an additional streamlined shape. The modification process was carried out on three specimens of the reversible cyclone with a tangential inlet. After each modification, an experimental evaluation of the modifications was carried out. The influence of the modifications on the cyclone’s efficiency characteristics and pressure drop was examined. Subsequent modifications of the cyclone were performed on the same specimen without removing the previous modifications. Tests were performed in the air flow range QG = 5–30 m3/h. Polydisperse “fine” test dust with grain size dpmax = 80 µm was used for testing. The dust concentration at the cyclone inlet was set at 1 g/m2. The performed modifications caused a slight (about 1%) increase in separation efficiency in the range of small (up to QG = 22 m3/h) flux values and about 30% decrease in pressure drop in the whole range of the QG flux, which positively influences the increase in engine filling and its power. There was a noticeable increase in filtration accuracy in the range of low and high values of QG flux, which results in a decrease in the wear of engine components, especially the piston-piston ring-cylinder (P-PR-C) association, and an increase in their durability.
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Sivaprakash, Prabhavathy, und Sunando DasGupta. „Effect of air sparging on flux enhancement during tangential flow filtration of degreasing effluent“. Desalination and Water Treatment 53, Nr. 1 (19.09.2013): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.839400.
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Arkhangelsky, Elizabeth, Aimira Bazarbayeva, Arailym Kamal, Jong Kim, Vassilis Inglezakis und Vitaly Gitis. „Tangential streaming potential, transmembrane flux, and chemical cleaning of ultrafiltration membranes“. Separation and Purification Technology 258 (März 2021): 118045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118045.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Filtration à flux tangentiel"
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Bali, Rana. „Microfiltration en flux tangentiel : applications et intérêts dans le procédé technologique de transformation de l'orange“. Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON13522.
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Chen, Jaspe. „Nano-encapsulation de l’amiodarone dans des nanoparticules fonctionnelles pour le ciblage du myocarde et le traitement des arythmies cardiaques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2024. https://dune.univ-angers.fr/documents/dune19169.
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La fibrillation atriale est l’arythmie la plus fréquemment rencontrée et est devenue un enjeu de santé publique croissant. Bien que l’amiodarone soit la plus puissante des molécules antiarythmiques, elle est prescrite seulement en cas de contre-indication ou d’inefficacité des autres antiarythmiques. Son profil pharmacocinétique et son accumulation dans les tissus hautement perfusés et gras est associée à de nombreux effets indésirables lors de traitement chronique. Ainsi, son encapsulation dans des nanocapsules lipidiques fonctionnalisées représente une stratégie prometteuse pour cibler spécifiquement le myocarde et altérer sa biodistribution vers les autres organes. Ce projet met en avant l’importance d’employer des méthodes complémentaires pour la caractérisation fine des formulations multimodales comme celles des nanocapsules lipidiques. La purification des nanocapsules lipidiques par filtration à flux tangentiel a mis en évidence, in vitro et ex vivo, une toxicité associée aux micelles résiduelles présentes dans les formulations initiales de nanocapsules lipidiques. Enfin, ce travail a permis d’initier la fonctionnalisation des nanocapsules lipidiques. Les résultats encourageants démontrent le potentiel de ce peptide antiarythmique comme ligand de ciblage actifAtrial fibrillation is the most encountered arrhythmia and has become an increasingly important public health issue. Although amiodarone is the most potent antiarrhythmic molecule, it is prescribed only in cases of contraindications or ineffectiveness of other antiarrhythmics. Its pharmacokinetic profile and accumulation in highly perfused and fatty tissues are associated with numerous adverse effects during chronic treatment. Therefore, its encapsulation in functionalized lipid nanocapsules represents a promising strategy to specifically target the myocardium and alter its biodistribution to other organs.This project emphasizes the importance of employing complementary methods for the characterization of multimodal formulations such as lipid nanocapsules. The purification of lipid nanocapsules through tangential flow filtration highlighted, both in vitro and ex vivo, a toxicity associated with residual micelles present in the initial formulations of lipid nanocapsules. Finally, this work initiated the functionalization of lipid nanocapsules. The encouraging results demonstrate the potential of this antiarrhythmic peptide as an active targeting ligand
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Espinasse, Benjamin. „APPROCHE THEORIQUE ET EXPERIMENTALE DE LA FILTRATION TANGENTIELLE DE COLLOÏDES : FLUX CRITIQUE ET COLMATAGE“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00201613.
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Si la problématique posée par le colmatage des membranes est ancienne, prévoir et adapter les conditions de filtration pour réduire le colmatage reste essentiel pour un meilleur contrôle du procédé. Parce qu'il représente le flux au-delà duquel un colmatage irréversible apparaît à la surface de la membrane, le flux critique peut être un paramètre clef pour ce contrôle. Dans le cadre de cette étude,nous avons cherché à relier la pression osmotique d'une suspension colloïdale aux valeurs expérimentales du flux critique par le biais de la modélisation du procédé de filtration tangentielle. Une procédure de filtration a été développée pour déterminer de façon précise et rigoureuse le flux critique. Cette méthode permet une détermination continue de la réversibilité de l'accumulation de matière lors d'une diminution de flux permettant ainsi de dissocier expérimentalement la part de diminution de flux due à la pression osmotique et celle due à la résistance irréversible. La caractérisation de la suspension au niveau microscopique (potentiel zêta, taille, etc.) a été complétée par une mesure macroscopique, plus originale, de la pression osmotique particulaire par compression chimique. La pression osmotique de la dispersion colloïdale se révèle être une caractérisation pertinente par rapport à la filtration car relative à la résistance des particules à la surconcentration. Un modèle bidimensionnel adapté calculant les profils de concentration en particules dans un procédé de séparation par membranes est utilisé pour confronter théoriquement les mesures expérimentales de pression osmotique aux valeurs de flux critique. La comparaison des valeurs expérimentales et modélisées de flux critique suggèrent que des hétérogénéités de propriétés physiques de la membrane et des particules doivent être prises en compte. Intégrées dans un modèle descriptif, les distributions de flux permettent d'expliquer les différences entre expérience et simulation de la filtration d'une suspension colloïdale.
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El, Rayess Youssef. „Microfiltration tangentielle appliquée à l'oenologie : compréhension et maîtrise des phénomènes de colmatage“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0089/document.
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La clarification des vins par procédés membranaires en particulier la microfiltration tangentielle a toujours été limitée par le colmatage, générant des flux de perméation faibles incompatibles avec la rentabilité économique. La compréhension, la maîtrise, ainsi que l'anticipation des phénomènes de colmatage font l'objet de ce travail. Dans un premier temps, la contribution individuelle puis en mélange des composés du vin (tannins, pectines, mannoprotéines et levures) au colmatage d'une membrane céramique multicanaux a été évaluée. Une approche fondamentale a permis de proposer des mécanismes de colmatage : la présence des pectines induit les flux de perméation les plus faibles en formant un gel à la surface de la membrane tandis que les levures semblent au contraire avoir un effet protecteur dans le cas d'un vin brut. Parce qu'il représente le flux au-delà duquel un colmatage irréversible apparaît à la surface de la membrane, le flux critique pour l'irréversibilité est un paramètre clef pour contrôler le colmatage. Dans le cas de la filtration de vin, aucun flux critique n'a pu être déterminé ce qui a conduit à définir un critère identifiant une zone de travail où le degré de colmatage reste acceptable. La dernière partie de cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de la filtration dynamique (RVF) pour une éventuelle application dans le secteur vinicole. Cette technique est testée en présence de deux membranes organiques différentes: PES (hydrophile) et PTFE (hydrophobe). Les observations ont permis de mettre en évidence l'efficacité du système contre le colmatage des membranes PES induite par l'action de l'agitateur. Le colmatage des membranes PTFE est énormément affecté par les interactions molécules/membrane rendant la filtration dynamique inefficace pour lutter contre le colmatage de ces membranesWine clarification by membrane processes mainly cross-flow microfiltration has been limited by membrane fouling generating low permeate fluxes with economic efficiency. Understanding, controlling and anticipation of fouling are the main goals of this work. In a first time, the individual contribution of wine compounds (tannins, pectins, mannoproteins and yeasts) to a multichannel ceramic membrane fouling was evaluated. The fouling mechanisms were analyzed using a fundamental approach. The presence of pectins induce the lowest fluxes by a gel-type formation at the membrane surface while yeasts presence tends to reduce fouling in the case of crude wine (case of mixed components). Because it represents the flux beyond which irreversible fouling appears on the membrane surface, the critical flux for irreversibility is a key parameter to control fouling. No critical flux for irreversibility could be measured, hence a criterion that identifies a range of operating conditions where the degree of fouling remains acceptable was proposed. The last part of this work was devoted to the study of dynamic filtration (RVF) for further application in wine sector. This technique was tested with two different membranes: hydrophilic PES and hydrophobic PTFE. Results have allowed to demonstrate the efficiency of the system to reduce fouling in the case of PES membrane. Fouling of PTFE membrane is greatly influenced by molecules / membrane interaction making dynamic filtration ineffective in reducing of membrane fouling
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Ho, Chia-Chun. „Protection des berges contre l'érosion avec des dispositifs incorporant des géotextiles“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10231.
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Dans ce projet, le comportement sous érosion de sols avec les trois conditions de flux a été étudié avec des essais utilisant un équipement développé pour chaque condition. Les résultats révèlent qu'un écoulement souterrain dans la zone de flux unidirectionnel peut provoquer l'érosion interne et qu'une partie des particules de sol entraînées peut passer à travers les ouvertures du géotextile. Le reste de ses particules peut se colmater à géotextile ou s'accumuler derrière le géotextile, formant une couche filtrante naturelle et réduisant la vitesse de l'écoulement. La zone de flux cyclique bidirectionnel peut être identifiée en fonction des conditions de : flux cylique à court terme et à long terme. Les résultats d'essais dans un canal avec des conditions de flux cycliques à court terme révèlent que le sol de la couche supérieure de la zone est soumis à la charge cyclique des vagues, ce qui peut entraîner un excès de pression interstitielle et aboutir à l'écroulement, tandis que le sol dans la couche moyenne peut être érodé par le flux tangentiel et accumulé en aval. Les résultats de flux cyclique bidirectionnel à long terme, pour une période de flux cyclique longue, on ne s'attend donc à aucune érosion. Cependant, quand la vitesse d'infiltration augmente, ils causant un phénomène de boulance et un entraînement considérable de sol ainsi que le tassement de celui-ci. Dans la zone de flux tangentiel a été étudié avec l'instrument d'essai d'érosion parallèle. Une couverture géotextile appropriée sur la surface du revêtement peut non seulement éviter l'érosion, mais aussi former une couche filtrante naturelle au-dessous du géotextile qui empêche que l'érosion du sol continueLn this project, the soil erosion behavior under three flow conditions was studied by tests using the equipment developed respectively. The test result reveals that ground water seepage in the uni-dÎrectional flow zone may cause the internai erosion, and part of the soil particles may be lost through the openings of the geotextile, and the rest may be clogged inside the fibers of the geotextile or accumulated behind the geotextile, forming a natural filter layer and thereby causing the decrease of seepage velocity. Bi-directional cyclic flow zone can be categorized into short term and long-term cyclic flow conditions. The result of large-scale tank test for short term cyclic flow conditions reveals that the soil În the upper layer is subject to the cyclic wave loadings which may trigger higher excess pore pressure and result in collapse, while the soil in the middle layer may be eroded by the tangential flow along the riverbank and accumulated downstream. The test results using bi-directional cyclic flow instrument show that under the long-term bi-directional cyclic flow action, if the cyclic flow period is considerably long, no erosion is expected. However, as long as the seepage velocity increases, it will cause boiling and triggering considerable loss of soil and settlement. Erosion behavior in the tangential flow zone was studied with the parallel erosion test instrument. A suitable geotextile covered on the surface of the revetment cannot only avoid the erosion but also form a natural filter layer underneath the geotextile which prevent the soil from continuous erosion. Once the natural filter layer is completely formed, the revetment will be stabilized
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Karisiddappa, Anoop M. „Study of Filtration Characteristics of Crossflow Filtration for Cable Suspended Robot - Algae Harvester“. Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1470825680.
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Higino, Jane Sheila. „Influence de la microfiltration en flux tangentiel sur la composition chimique de solutions extractives d'eucaplyptus globulus labill. Et d'atropa belladonna l“. Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON13506.
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Valentine, Mark Edward. „Fundamental flux enhancement modelling of membrane microfiltration“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f1b0388e-25b9-4038-be04-360b1414d172.
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Membrane filtration is used in a variety of industries, including water treatment and the food industry. Membrane systems include microfiltration and reverse osmosis processes. Membranes used in reverse osmosis are nonporous or pores at 0.2-2 A. This work will focus on mechanical microfiltration. These filtration systems suffer from an accumulation of the rejected material near the membrane surface. This causes additional resistance to the flow through the membrane (flux), resulting in a decline in the performance of the system. Sparging gas bubbles into the mixture has been shown to improve performance. The flow field promotes the transport of material away from the membrane surface and into the bulk. The goal is to predict the sparging that will achieve the maximum flux. Existing flux prediction models often assume steady shear at the membrane surface but in bubbling regimes the shear stresses are unsteady. In this thesis a model is developed to calculate the flux based not solely on shear but on the behaviour and resistance of suspended particles in a gas-liquid flow field. The bubble shape and flow field is calculated using computation fluid dynamics (CFD). The flow around a bubble in gap between two parallel flat sheet membranes is investigated. The calculated bubble shape correlates well with the results seen in experiments. The bubble rise velocity with respect to gap width is shown to transition between that expected in the literature for extended flow for large gap widths and that for a two dimensional case for smaller gap widths. The transitional region however, does not behave as may be expected. The rise velocity does not monotonically decrease as the gap width is reduced. The particle concentration is found by the solution of the convection-diffusion equation, where the convection velocity terms are given by the results of the CFD calculation. The permeate flux is then calculated using a resistance model giving the enhancement due to the bubble. The model is also applied to single phase crossflow. As the shear stresses are steady in this single-phase flow regime, established membrane shear linked mass-transfer coefficient methods can be employed. Good agreement is found between the model and theory. The flux results obtained when the model is applied to the flow around the bubble show a peak in performance with respect to the gap between the membranes for a given bubble volume. The optimal flux enhancement is found to correlate well with the bubble size compared to the flow area. The results show a bubble width of around 60% of the flow width provides the best flux performance.
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Chan, Robert Chemical Engineering & Industrial Chemistry UNSW. „Fouling mechanisms in the membrane filtration of single and binary protein solutions“. Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18832.
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In this study the fouling mechanisms of various microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes were studied when subjected to crossflow filtration using various protein solutions. Experimentation was carried out using controlled flux experiments and fouling phenomena was investigated via the monitoring of the transmembrane pressure (TMP) and rejection. Electron microscopy was employed to study fouling on microfiltration membranes when single protein solutions were filtered while a novel method involving Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) was developed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyse mixed proteins fouled on ultrafiltration membranes. An apparent critical flux was identified whereby fouling was shown to occur at fluxes where there was no increase in TMP. TMP increase is one of the common indicators of fouling in controlled flux operation. Microfiltration experiments showed that the imposition of the apparent critical flux is accompanied by rapid increases in hydraulic resistance and the membrane wall concentration. Pore blockage and narrowing occurred at somewhat higher fluxes as indicated by increases in the observed rejection. Fouling was not influenced greatly by the addition of electrolytes for microfiltration membranes but observed transmissions were found to be greater than 100% when ultrafiltration membranes were employed. For all membranes used, the actual value of the apparent critical flux was shown to be independent of the salt concentration but dependent on pH. Sub apparent-critical constant flux microfiltration showed the existence of an aggregation/deposition time lag after which the membrane experiences a rapid increase in resistance due to protein aggregates blocking a majority of pores. This phenomenon was shown to be dependent on pH and ionic strength and was concluded to be the product of a balance between electrostatic, solubility and hydrophobic interactions.
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DUBOURG, DERAIN LAURENCE. „Evolution de la fonction renale apres transplantation de rein chez l'enfant“. Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M069.
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Locatelli, Francesco, Celestina Manzoni, Giuseppe Pontoriero, Vincenzo La Milia und Salvatore Di Filippo. Haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration. Herausgegeben von Jonathan Himmelfarb. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0260_update_001.
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Many observational studies have consistently shown that high-flux haemodialysis (hf-HD) has positive effects on the survival and morbidity of uraemic patients when compared with low-flux haemodialysis, and mainly considering the results of Membrane Permeability Outcome (MPO) studies there is evidence favouring high-flux treatments. A further improvement in convective treatments is represented by the on-line modality. On-line preparation from fresh dialysate by a cold-sterilizing filtration process is a cost-effective method of providing large volumes of infusion solution. Randomized, controlled, large-sized trials with long follow-up in haemofiltration (HF) are unfortunately lacking, possibly suggesting the difficulties in performing these trials, mainly in providing the same urea Kt/V considered adequate in HD. On-line haemodiafiltration (HDF) is considered the most efficient technique of using high-flux membranes, and clearances of small solutes like urea are higher in HDF than in HF and of middle solutes like β2-microglobulin are higher than in hf-HD. Thus HDF, as a strategy based on simultaneous diffusive and convective transport, may combine the beneficial effects of diffusive standard HD with the possible advantages of convective HF. Five large, randomized controlled trials just concluded are inconclusive in definitively clarifying the impact of on-line HDF on chronic kidney disease stage 5 patient outcomes.
Buchteile zum Thema "Filtration à flux tangentiel"
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Field, Robert. „Membrane Filtration: A Priori Predictions of the Ideal Limiting Flux“. In Separations for Biotechnology 2, 132–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0783-6_15.
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Nemade, Parag R., und Robert H. Davis. „Secondary Membranes for Flux Optimization in Membrane Filtration of Biologic Suspensions“. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals Held May 4–7, 2003, in Breckenridge, CO, 417–32. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-837-3_36.
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Mineshima, Michio. „Estimation of Internal Filtration Flow Rate in High-Flux Dialyzers by Doppler Ultrasonography“. In Contributions to Nephrology, 153–61. Basel: KARGER, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000321755.
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Rijn, C. J. M. van, W. Nijdam, L. A. V. G. van der Stappen, OJ A. Raspe, L. Broens und S. van Hoof. „Innovation in yeast cell filtration: cost saving technology with high flux membranes“. In European Brewery Convention, 501–8. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199636907.003.0060.
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Abstract Common yeast cell filtration systems are based on diatomaceous earth. An alternative yeast cell filtration system has been tested using high flux microsieves made with silicon micromachining. The microsieves have been tested in a cross-flow filtration system with back-pulse techniques. The flux observed during the filtration of beer after maturation was at least 12,000 Vm%ar/hour without significant fiux decline. For cost saving high volume filtration a number of microsieves can be stacked to a compact micro filtration system. The developed system is chemical inert to most cleaning agents and therefore suitable for in-line cleaning.
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„Flux effects on cake compression in membrane filtration“. In Particulate and Organic Matter Fouling of Seawater Reverse Osmosis Systems, 129–68. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11609-7.
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Bühler, T. M., K. Burrell, H. U. Eggars und R. J. R. Reed. „The application of membranes for new approaches to brewery operations“. In European Brewery Convention, 691–700. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199634668.003.0076.
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Abstract Crossflow filtration of beer through low cost ceramic membranes is economically attractive. Frequent and rapid cleaning maintains satisfactory flux. A pore size of 0.5 µm gives a bright, near-sterile product without any loss of beer components. A pore size of 1.3 µmis suited to bottoms filtration. Crossflow filtration of wort from mash using membranes is achieved using two stages: coarse separation followed by polishing, enabling reduced plant size and cost. Hydrophobic PTFE membranes can be used to remove excess dissolved co from beer. co fluxes as high as 6.2 kg/m 1.h have been achieved.
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O’Shaughnessy, C. L., und 0. Durosinmi-Etti. „The use of hydraulic mechanisms for the development of high flux crossflow microfiltration systems“. In European Brewery Convention, 681–90. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199636907.003.0081.
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Abstract The main reasons that crossflow microfiltra!ion has not been widely accepted in brewing is due to low filtrate productivity and potential loss of quality components. Studies aimed at understanding the fouling mechanisms involved have shown that filtration performance is influenced by raw materials, distribution of particulates within the beer and the filter membrane material. Three novel techniques for enhancing filtrate productivity without loss of beer components have been demonstrated, warmer filtration, pressure ramping (gradually increasing the pressure during a filter run) and backpulsing (the momentary reversal of filtrate flow to dislodge the fouling layer). The latter is the most effective.
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„The modified fouling index - ultra filtration - constant flux for seawater applications“. In Particulate and Organic Matter Fouling of Seawater Reverse Osmosis Systems, 87–128. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11609-6.
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Ogletree, Layla, Hongbo Du und Raghava Kommalapati. „Shale Oil and Gas Produced Water Treatment: Opportunities and Barriers for Forward Osmosis“. In Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96001.
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The treatment of shale oil & gas produced water is a complicated process since it contains various organic compounds and inorganic impurities. Traditional membrane processes such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration are challenged when produced water has high salinity. Forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation as two emerging membrane technologies are promising for produced water treatment. This chapter will focus on reviewing FO membranes, draw solute, and hybrid processes with other membrane filtration applied to produced water treatment. The barriers to the FO processes caused by membrane fouling and reverse draw solute flux are discussed fully by comparing some FO fabrication technologies, membrane performances, and draw solute selections. The future of the FO processes for produced water treatment is by summarizing life cycle assessment and economic analyses for produced water treatment in the last decade.
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Andersen, V. „Salp and pyrosomid blooms and their importance in biogeochemical cycles“. In The Biology of Pelagic Tunicates, 125–38. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198540243.003.0007.
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Abstract The importance of salps and pyrosomas in biogeochemical cycles is related to their well-known periodical occurrence in vast swarms and to the way that they feed on phytoplankton. During the last 30 years, a large effort has been devoted to understanding the nutritional ecology of salps, revealing their high grazing impact on phytoplankton populations and their role in the downward flux of matter. In contrast, little attention has been paid, until recently, to the nutritional ecology of pyrosomas. However, they also have an important grazing impact while swarming, and produce very large numbers of faecal pellets. Estimation of the ecological and biogeochemical importance of salps has given rise to different types of models. Salps and pyrosomas are found periodically in dense swarms in various areas of the world oceans. The nutritional ecology of salps is characterized by: (1) very high filtration rates; (2) removal of minute particles and microorganisms with high efficiency; (3) high defaecation rates; and (4) production of large faecal pellets which sink rapidly. Moreover, the faecal material is enriched in several elements (e.g. carbon, nitrogen, calcium, and aluminium) compared to the salp itself, and degradation of the faecal pellets of oceanic salps is very slow (Yoon, 1995; see Yoon et al., 1996).
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Filtration à flux tangentiel"
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Hale, Jack S., Alison Harris, Qilin Li und Brent C. Houchens. „The Fluid Mechanics of Membrane Filtration“. In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-43656.
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Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes remove colloids, macromolecules, salts, bacteria and even some viruses from water. In crossflow filtration, contaminated water is driven parallel to the membrane, and clean permeate passes through. A large pressure gradient exists across the membrane, with permeate flow rates two to three orders of magnitude smaller than that of the crossflow. Membrane filtration is hindered by two mechanisms, concentration polarization and caking. During filtration, the concentration of rejected particles increases near the membrane surface, forming a concentration polarization layer. Both diffusive and convective transport drive particles back into the bulk flow. However, the increase of the apparent viscosity in the concentration polarization layer hinders diffusion of particles back into the bulk and results in a small reduction in permeate flux. Depending on the number and type of particles present in the contaminated water, the concentration polarization will either reach a quasi-steady state or particles will begin to deposit onto the membrane. In the later case, a cake layer eventually forms on the membrane, significantly reducing the permeate flux. Contradictive theories suggest that the cake layer is either a porous solid or a very viscous (yield stress) fluid. New and refined models that shed light on these theories are presented.
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Aronu, Obinna, Harvey Abramowitz und Agbai George Nnanna. „Membrane Fouling Mitigation in Water Filtration Using Piezoelectrics“. In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11313.
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Abstract The clogging of filtration membrane by particles otherwise known as fouling is a major concern in membrane filtration technology due to severe flux reduction associated with it, which results to the reduction of membrane lifespan, reduced system performance and increased process and operating costs in industries that utilize membrane in their production process. This is because the cleaning or replacement of the fouled membrane requires production to be interrupted for the cleaning process or the entire system to be shut down for the replacement process to take place, leading to great loses to the industries involved. Many approaches have been devised over the years through research to tackle this problem, some of which not only undermine the performance of the filtration membrane but also contribute to great loses to industries that apply them. Cheaper and more efficient means of fouling control remains the key to salvaging this problem. This work proposes a water filtration system in which piezoelectric crystals attached at strategic points on a tubular polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane are used to increase flux and delay the clogging of the pores of the filtration membrane by particles during water filtration. Filtration tests with mud solution show that the membrane vibrated with piezoelectrics reduced the clogging of the pores and increased permeate flux of the filtration process as compared with the case where the membrane was not vibrated with piezoelectrics, suggesting that vibrating the system with piezoelectrics is a good fouling reduction method that can be used in fluid separation processes. To optimize the permeate flux production of the system and fouling reduction, the anti-fouling effects of the piezoelectric crystals on the membrane surface is investigated through experiments together with the effects of voltage application, positioning and placement distance of the piezoelectrics and some other variables involved in this work.
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Sangroya, Ritika, und Chadi El Mohtar. „A Filtration Model for Constant Flux Permeation of Bentonite Grout through Granular Soil“. In Grouting 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480793.027.
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Ilyinsky, Alexander I. „INVERSE RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER TECHNIQUE FOR HEAT FLUX RESTORATION USING OPTIMAL WIENER FILTRATION“. In Radiative Transfer I. Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Radiation Transfer. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.1995.radtransfproc.370.
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Giorges, Aklilu T. G., und John A. Pierson. „Flow Dynamic Effect in Cake Shape and Resistance in Membrane Filtration“. In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62580.
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Membrane filtration is one of the methods for separating targeted material from a fluid stream. Membrane based filtration is applied in many areas of processing to separate and concentrate fluids. However, fouling and film growth at the filter surface is a major problem that causes loss in efficiency. The cake buildup during the filtration process is investigated experimentally to understand the affect of flow dynamics on the cake characteristics, shape and associated resistance. The experiments were conducted without and with shear generated using an impeller operated at various rotational speeds. The results illustrate that indeed the cake shape and character are affected by the flow dynamics that eventually influence filtration resistance. Likewise the filtrate rate and the cake shape significantly affect the flow dynamics. Furthermore, the filtration resistance is not only affected by the thickness of the cake, but also by how the cake is formed. After similar volumes of filtrate, the flux rate of 120 Lm−2hr−1 for 4.4 mm thick and 1.8 g cake is observed for dead-end filtration, while the flux rate of 600 Lm−2hr−1 for 1.1 mm thick and 0.35 g cake where observed with a shearing rate of 630 s−1. Understanding the size and characters of cake buildup is very important to designing a system to overcome the drawbacks associated with membrane fouling. Moreover, developing a technology with the cleaning process that removes or eliminates cake and maintains a reasonable flux for an extended period requires a thorough understanding of the filtration system geometry and flow dynamics.
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Duignan, Mark R., und John R. Zamecnik. „Cross-Flow Filtration Performance During the Washing of a Simulated Radioactive Waste Stream“. In ASME 2005 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2005-77286.
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Bechtel National, Inc. has been contracted by the Department of Energy to design a Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) to stabilize liquid radioactive waste that is stored at the Hanford Site as part of the River Protection Project (RPP). Because of its experience with radioactive waste stabilization, the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) of the Westinghouse Savannah River Company is working with Bechtel and Washington Group International, to help design and test certain parts of the waste treatment facility. One part of the process is the separation of radioactive solids from the liquid wastes by cross-flow ultrafiltration. To test this process a cross-flow filter was used that was prototypic in porosity, length, and diameter, along with a simulated radioactive waste slurry, made to prototypically represent the chemical and physical characteristics of a Hanford waste in tank 241-AY-102/C-106. To mimic the filtration process the waste slurry undergoes several steps, including dewatering and washing. During dewatering the concentration of undissolved solids (UDS) of the simulated AY102/C106 waste is increased from 12 wt% to at least 20 wt%. Once at the higher concentration the waste must be washed to prepare for its eventual receipt in a High Level Radioactive Waste Melter to be vitrified. This paper describes the process of washing and filtering a batch of concentrated simulated waste in two cycles, which each containing 22 washing steps that used approximately 7.7 liters of a solution of 0.01 M NaOH per step. This will be the method used by the full-scale WTP to prepare the waste for vitrification. The first washing cycle started with the simulated waste that had a solids concentration of 20 wt% UDS. This cycle began with a permeate filter flux of 0.015 gpm/ft2 (3.68 cm/hr) at 19.6 wt% UDS with a density of 1.33 kg/L, consistency of 19.1 mPa·s, and yield stress of 8.5 Pa. At the end of the 22 washing steps the permeate filter flux increased to 0.023 gpm/ft2 (5.64 cm/hr) at 20.1 wt% UDS with a density of 1.17 kg/L, consistency of 12.6 mPa·s, and yield stress of 10.4 Pa. The average permeate filter flux during the 7 hours of Cycle 1 washing was 0.018 gpm/ft2 (4.41 cm/hr). During Cycle 2 the simulated waste started at a permeate filter flux of 0.025 gpm/ft2 (6.13 cm/hr). Note that the starting flux for Cycle 2 was greater than the ending flux for Cycle 1. The period between the cycles was approximately 12 hours. While no filtering occurred during that period either solids dissolution continued and/or the filter cake was dislodged somewhat with the stopping and starting of filter operation. At the end of the second set of 22 washing steps, the permeate filter flux increased to 0.032 gpm/ft2 (7.84 cm/hr) at 20.6 wt% UDS with a density of 1.16 kg/L, consistency of 9.0 mPa·s, and yield stress of 8.2 Pa. The average permeate filter flux during the 4 hours of Cycle 2 washing was 029 gpm/ft2 (7.11 cm/hr).
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Christou, Peter. „Buoyancy-Enhanced Membrane Filtration for Oilfield Produced Water Recycle and Reuse“. In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/220729-ms.
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Abstract Membranes have been used in water treatment for decades and are highly effective industrial wastewater treatment solutions. Despite being a trusted form of filtration, membrane treatment is characterized by high energy consumption, membrane fouling, and excessive maintenance requirements that make membrane treatment systems expensive to own and operate. The high tendency for fouling has also restricted the application of membranes in industrial wastewaters and oilfield produced waters that typically have a significant presence of both solids, oil and grease. A proprietary process known as buoyancy-enhanced membrane filtration ("BEMF") has been developed to drastically decrease the energy consumption, fouling, and maintenance of conventional polymeric tubular membranes in difficult wastewater applications. The hydraulic manipulations implemented in the BEMF process also enable the conventional membranes to operate at 3x–6x the flux rates of a conventional process design, thus reducing equipment size requirements for most applications. This BEMF process achieves increased flux rates with decreased energy, fouling, and maintenance costs by applying a proprietary two-step hydraulic manipulation of produced water within the system. First, the injection of air creates bubble attachment to oils, solids, and other contaminants in the incoming produced water stream. Second, a spiral flow pattern is induced to develop buoyancy-based separation of the water and contaminants. An annular flow is created throughout the entire length of the membranes, with centrifugal forces generating the highest liquid velocities at the surface of the membrane and the contaminants/gas concentrated at the center of the membrane tubes. BEMF has been implemented in multiple heavy industrial wastewater applications and has exhibited a high permeate flux performance in filtering these wastewaters for reuse. The BEMF process is being used by oil and gas companies to recycle and reuse oilfield produced water in their operations to reduce the use of freshwater sources and minimize the trucking of produced water for disposal. A 20,000 bbl/day produced water BEMF system has been deployed for a leading oil and gas producer in the Montney region of British Columbia, Canada, and this BEMF system is the largest produced water ultrafiltration system in Canada. The 20,000 BWPD system was commissioned in July 2023, and the data from the operation and filtration of this oilfield produced water will be included in this presentation. The equipment process and mechanical design, the application details, and the operational data collected up to date will be presented as a technical case study of this first-of-its-kind membrane ultrafiltration system. This system has been installed to recycle produced and flowback water for hydraulic fracturing in unconventional oil and gas wells. The oil company chose to install the BEMFtechnology because of the system’s ability to consistently remove oil, solids, and bacteria while maximizing membrane flux rates, minimizing footprint/electricity, and minimizing the potential for effluent quality upsets. The reduction of harmful bacteria also results in significant downstream savings on biocide, and the increased reuse of produced water for completions will minimize the oil and gas company’s requirements for freshwater sources.
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Li, Xu, und A. G. Agwu Nnanna. „Mitigation of Fouling on Hollow Fibre Membrane Using Ultrasonic Transducer“. In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10926.
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Ultrasound based on-line cleaning for hollow fiber (HF) membrane filtration of synthetic wastewater was studied. An ultrasonic transducer was submerged into a filtration system in order to get an efficient cleaning of HF membranes in fouling conditions. An ultrafiltration (UF) HF membrane with the pore size at 10,000 NMWC is employed to purify waste water. The focus of this study is on the effects of temperature, ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power intensity and caviation micro-bubbles as well as the transmembrane pressure (TMP) performance. Experimental evidence reveals that the permeate flux increased with the application of ultrasound after fouling by sullage solution for one hour. The micro-bubble size measured by laser PDA system shows a decreased tendency with the increase of ultrasonic frequencies, and larger micro-bubbles have greater contribution to the increase of permeate flux. Results futher shows that the permeate flux measured with lower ultrasonic frequency or higher power intensity maintained higher value in general as feeding sullage water and maintain a higher risk to extend membrane pore size. In addition, the rise of the temperature around filtration system has less impact on permeate flow rate in online ultrasound system when the temperature of feed solution maintained constant.
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Li, Xu, und A. G. Agwu Nnanna. „Mitigation of Fouling on Hollow Fibre Membrane Using Ultrasonic Transducer“. In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11708.
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Ultrasound based on-line cleaning for hollow fiber (HF) membrane filtration of synthetic wastewater was studied. An ultrasonic transducer was submerged into a filtration system in order to get an efficient cleaning of HF membranes in fouling conditions. An ultrafiltration (UF) HF membrane with the pore size at 10,000 NMWC is employed to purify waste water. The focus of this study is on the effects of temperature, ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic power intensity and caviation micro-bubbles as well as the transmembrane pressure (TMP) performance. Experimental evidence reveals that the permeate flux increased with the application of ultrasound after fouling by sullage solution for one hour. The micro-bubble size measured by laser PDA system shows a decreased tendency with the increase of ultrasonic frequencies, and larger micro-bubbles have greater contribution to the increase of permeate flux. Results futher shows that the permeate flux measured with lower ultrasonic frequency or higher power intensity maintained higher value in general as feeding sullage water and maintain a higher risk to extend membrane pore size. In addition, the rise of the temperature around filtration system has less impact on permeate flow rate in online ultrasound system when the temperature of feed solution maintained constant.
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Polster, C., R. Gutjahr, M. Berner, T. Flohr, M. Hertel, S. Kappler, K. Stierstorfer und O. Dietrich. „Improving material separation of high-flux whole-body photon counting computed tomography by K-edge pre-filtration“. In SPIE Medical Imaging, herausgegeben von Thomas G. Flohr, Joseph Y. Lo und Taly Gilat Schmidt. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2254289.
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Hobbs, D. DECONTAMINATION FACTORS AND FILTRATION FLUX IMPACT TO ARP AT REDUCED MST CONCENTRATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juni 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1044792.
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Shamsuddin Ilias. FLUX ENHANCEMENT IN CROSSFLOW MEMBRANE FILTRATION: FOULING AND IT'S MINIMIZATION BY FLOW REVERSAL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Januar 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/836731.
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Shamsuddin Ilias. FLUX ENHANCEMENT IN CROSSFLOW MEMBRANE FILTRATION: FOULING AND IT'S MINIMIZATION BY FLOW REVERSAL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Juni 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837643.
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Shamsuddin Ilias. Flux Enhancement in Crossflow Membrane Filtration: Fouling and It's Minimization by Flow Reversal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/859173.
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Shamsuddin Ilias. FLUX ENHANCEMENT IN CROSSFLOW MEMBRANE FILTRATION: FOULING AND IT'S MINIMIZATION BY FLOW REVERSAL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), März 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/820422.
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