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1
Rustom Kizi, Esemuratova Gozzal. „SEMANTIC FIELD OF WORDS IN LINGUISTICS ARTICLE“. European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, Nr. 05 (01.05.2022): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-05-41.
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In today’s world as everything is changing, the science of language that is to say linguistics is also getting developed. However, the main core of linguistics or any branch of this science can not survive without “word”. The term “word” means a lot to every field of linguistics, for this reason any linguistic subject is aimed at studying one of the features of words or combination of words. Thus, in this article, we provide information about semantics to be more clear, the semantic field of words.
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Chelouache, Samra. „The role of geographical linguistics in the design and accomplishment of linguistics atlases“. مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal 2, Nr. 2 (30.09.2021): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.61850/lij.v2i2.62.
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The field of geographical linguistics is an important branch of the linguistic lesson that deals with the study of languages and the distribution of dialects across the world. Some models of Arabic linguistic atlases and their contribution in enriching the fields of linguistics and laying their foundations, revealing the importance of linguistic atlases in recording various dialect and linguistic phenomena, and identifying a number of data or features that represent a broad framework To form geographic linguistics.
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Makushev, Petro V., Olha V. Minchenko und Iryna V. Tsareva. „Legal linguistics as a promising field of knowledge“. Cuestiones Políticas 39, Nr. 68 (07.03.2021): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3968.36.
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The relevance of the article is stipulated for the necessity to study a new and promising field of knowledge – legal linguistics. The purpose of the article is to study legal linguistics as a promising field of knowledge. Achieving the goal of the study necessitated processing the scientific literature on legal techniques, hermeneutics, linguistic interpretation, public speaking, and legal linguistics. The main method while studying these issues is the hermeneutic method, which is programmed for a new approach to understanding and interpreting the language of law and the language of laws, legal language formation and allowed to understand the text as a process of interpretation. The problems of linguistic field, interaction of linguistics and law are revealed, the specific functioning of language in the field of law is analyzed. Prospects of combining legal and linguistic competence, interpretation of texts of laws, speeches of judges and lawyers, and legal translation are studied. The article emphasizes the necessity to single out such a field of knowledge as legal linguistics and the prospects for its development are outlined.
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Yelchibekov, B., A. Rauandina und B. Yelikbaiev. „FORMATION OF TEXT LINGUISTICS IN THE FIELD OF LINGUISTICS“. BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 73, Nr. 3 (15.07.2020): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-3.1728-7804.06.
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The author in this article considers the history of the formation of text linguistics as a scientific discipline in the field of linguistics, in connection with the emergence of intersubject situations in the study of the text of literary works at the turn of the last century. The article deals with the history of research of the text of a literary work in the linguistic direction and its further development in the field of linguistics. It also examines the scientific works and their features of domestic and foreign scientists in this area. Examines the role of language in shaping identity, culture and future of the people, and explained that acknowledge the value and the aesthetic function of language affects linguistic, logical, intellectual, and cultural aspects of life of the young generation, as well as the fate and future of the people as a whole.
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Kramsch, Claire. „A New Field of Research: SLA-Applied Linguistics“. PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 115, Nr. 7 (Dezember 2000): 1978–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/463621.
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Second language acquisition research (sla) is the systematic exploration of the conditions that make the acquisition of a foreign language possible, both in natural and in instructional settings. Its objects of study are the biological, linguistic, psychological, and emotional makeup of language learners and the educational, social, and institutional context of learning and teaching. Whereas language as a linguistic system is studied through the metalanguage of linguistics (phonology, syntax, and semantics), language learning, as psycholinguistic process and sociolinguistic discourse, is researched through the metadiscourse of applied linguistics: psycho- and sociolinguistics, anthropological and educational linguistics, discourse analysis, pragmatics, stylistics, and composition and literacy studies. These fields illuminate what it means to learn to speak, read, write, and interact in a foreign language, what it means to appropriate for oneself the national idiom of communities that share a history and a culture that are different from one's own. SLA provides the applied linguistic metadiscourse for the practice of language learning and teaching.
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Köhler, Reinhard. „Linguistic complex networks as a young field of quantitative linguistics“. Physics of Life Reviews 11, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2014): 630–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2014.07.016.
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Zun, Xin Zang. „History and field linguistics“. Macrolinguistics and Microlinguistics 1, Nr. 2 (09.06.2020): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/mami.v1n2.9.
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This study aims to understand the history and fields of science in linguistics. Until the Renaissance, the languages studied were Greek and Latin. Latin had an important role at that time because it was used as a tool in the world of education, administration, and international diplomacy in Western Europe. During the Renaissance, language research began to develop into Romance languages (French, Spanish, and Italian) which were considered to have Latin roots, as well as non-Roman languages such as English, German, Dutch, Swedish, and Danish.
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Kosovych, O. V. „Terminology of French linguistics and linguistic synergetics“. PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, Nr. 36 (2019): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2019.36.10.
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In the article on the base of the linguistic synergetics concept of G. G. Piotrovsky the problems of French linguistics metalanguage, issues of linguistic terminology are examined. The author emphasizes that the metalanguage of linguistics is a complex phenomenon, which, on the one hand, there are the system relations between terms, on the other one there are general academic vocabulary, words and phrases that are used when describing various aspects of linguistic research. Terminology of linguistics requires a special effort in the studying, because the object-language and metalanguage coincide in terms of expression, that is, have the same substance. The article presents the analysis of the metalanguage state of French linguistics, which is a diachronic interweaving of numerous schools and directions, author’s theories and concepts; the distinctive features of the French linguistic terminology are examined. It is noted that in the semiotic aspect the French linguistic terminology is characterized by the following properties: French linguistic term is a simple or complex sign that in the framework of French lingui stics embodies a linguistic concept in its meaning. Terminological field of French linguistics meets the semantic space that is a counterpart of the French linguistics as a special subject area and includes the totality of semantic fields of general lingui stic, grammatical, phonetic, phonological and lexicological terms.
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Rice, Sally. „Applied field linguistics: delivering linguistic training to speakers of endangered languages“. Language and Education 25, Nr. 4 (Juli 2011): 319–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2011.577216.
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Mengliye, B. R., Sh Hamroyeva und O. Abdullayeva. „Scopus-based bibliometric analysis on corpus linguistics for the period of 2017-2021“. E3S Web of Conferences 413 (2023): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341303008.
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This article aims to observe the latest scientific theories in the field of corpus linguistics, to analyze the latest research trends in corpus linguistics and the creation of language corpora. The results of our research are based on bibliometric analysis of scientific research results and review articles of universities, scientific research centers and well-known scientists of different countries where scientific and practical work is being carried out in the field of corpus linguistics. We analyzed the publications in the Scopus database in the field of corpus linguistics in 2017-2021 and found research results related to finding solutions to various problems in language corpora and problems in it and we observed bibliometric method through speech recognition, syntactic parsing problems, semantic tagging problems, automatic tokenization and lemmatization. This is the first research in Uzbek linguistics to report on the landscape of corpus linguistics in recent years. This research contributes to the general scientific understanding of corpus linguistics and provides insight into the past, present, and future of linguistics. 1353 publications were analyzed in the article. Although the field of corpus linguistics originated in the 1960s and 1970s, the fields of study have expanded and changed over time. Among the fields of linguistics, this direction is dynamic. In recent years, national corpora and target corpora have been created in various languages, and solutions to complex linguistic problems have been found.
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Gojayeva, Shukufa. „MODERN LEXICOLOGY AND ITS MAIN BRANCHES“. Scientific Journal of Polonia University 56, Nr. 1 (01.06.2023): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/5605.
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The field of linguistics, the scientific study of human natural language, is a growing and exciting area of study, with an important impact on fields as diverse as education, anthropology, sociology, language teaching, cognitive psychology, philosophy, computer science, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence, among others. Indeed, the last five fields cited, along with linguistics, are the key components of the field of cognitive science, the study of the structure and functioning of human cognitive processes. In spite of the importance of the field of linguistics, many people, even highly educated people, will tell you that they have only a vague idea of what the field is about. Some believe that a linguist is a person who speaks several languages fluently. What is linguistics, then? Fundamentally, the field is concerned with the nature of language and (linguistic) communication. It is apparent that people have been fascinated with language and communication for thousands of years, yet in many ways we are only beginning to understand the complex nature of this aspect of human life.
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Popovic, Ljudmila. „Current issues of cognitive linguistic studies of Serbian“. Juznoslovenski filolog 73, Nr. 3-4 (2017): 315–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1704315p.
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The paper discusses the results of research by Serbian scholars into the field of cognitive linguistics over the past ten years. Special emphasis is laid on the cognitive linguistic studies of grammar, both in Serbian proper and from the contrastive viewpoint, which successfully apply Predrag Piper?s semantic localisation theory. It highlights the achievements of Serbian scholars in the sphere of historical cognitive linguistics, as well as fuzzy linguistics. It singles out cognitive principles in research into Serbian dialectology, as well as into lexicology, cultural linguistics and ethnolinguistics. The paper specifies the distinctive principles of the multidisciplinary fields in which cognitive linguistic methods of language study are used.
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Harris, Tony. „Linguistics in applied linguistics : a historical overview“. Journal of English Studies 3 (29.05.2002): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.72.
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This paper looks at some of the underlying reasons which might explain the uncertainty surrounding applied linguistics as an academic enquiry. The opening section traces the emergence of the field through its professional associations and publications and identifies second and foreign language (L2) teaching as its primary activity. The succeeding section examines the extent to which L2 pedagogy, as a branch of applied linguistics, is conceived within a theoretical linguistic framework and how this might have changed during a historical period that gave rise to Chomskyan linguistics and the notion of communicative competence. The concluding remarks offer explanations to account for the persistence of linguistic parameters to define applied linguistics
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ÜÇER, Gamze. „DİLBİLİM TARİHİ BAĞLAMINDA RUS DİLBİLİMİN GELİŞİM SÜRECİ“. TOBIDER - International Journal of Social Sciences 6, Nr. 1 (29.05.2022): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30830/tobider.sayi.10.11.
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Development of linguistics has gone through various stages until it became an independent science. The universal structure of the language, as well as the features that distinguish it from other languages, form the basis of linguistic research. Linguistics researchers have different views and fields of study on this basis. Throughout the history of linguistics, research on language and the methods used by these researches have led to the emergence of different schools. Scientists who were influenced from each others, used the same methods in the language they studied and from time to time they contributed to the expansion of linguistics by adding on these methods and studies. Similar processes exist for linguistic studies in Russia. Russian linguists, who are followers of the studies in the field of linguistics, have been the founders of new movements and schools, while operating on a similar level to the studies of other scientists. In the beginning, dictionary studies and research in the field of dictionary and grammar studies have evolved into evaluation of nature of language, comparison of languages, evaluating historical aspects, social and spiritual aspects of language. The intensity of studies in the field of linguistics in Russia increased gradually in the 19th century and formed the basis for 20th-century linguistic studies. Russian linguists who carried out their studies in the 19th-century both influenced their contemporaries and became a guided 20th-century linguists. In this respect, the aim of the study is to examine the developmental stages of linguistics in Russia based on the history of linguistics and to reveal these stages in general terms. In addition, the studies of Russian linguists and the development of Russian linguistics in the historical process are mentioned.
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Bara, Aicha. „Computational Linguistics Approach“. Mathematical Linguistics 2, Nr. 1 (31.12.2022): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.58205/ml.v2i1.155.
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This article aims to explain the field of computational linguistics and its specializations، its interest in computational modeling of natural language، and the study of computational approaches appropriate to linguistic questions. In general، computational linguistics draws on linguistics، computer science، artificial intelligence، mathematics، logic، philosophy، cognitive science، cognitive psychology، psycholinguistics، anthropology، and neuroscience، among others.
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Aliouat, Embarka. „Digital linguistic atlas and computer linguistics, compatibility, and areas of contrast“. مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal 2, Nr. 2 (30.09.2021): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.61850/lij.v2i2.64.
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The first generation of linguistic atlases has undergone a dramatic transformation from the paper version, which relied on the field survey of Arabic by gathering information and do basic statistics. and on linguistic maps by representation and analysis, to a second generation in an electronic version based on a language database that is stored, then analyzed, and computerized, based on technological progress and its applications in the field of maps, information systems, and on the other hand on modern linguistic trends, especially computer linguistics, this has created overlap and integration between computer linguistics and digital linguistic atlas, which raises the question of how much computer linguistics contributes to the design and completion of the digital linguistic atlas? What are the areas of contrast between them?
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Kolek, Vít. „Research of the Czech language from the perspective of Queer Linguistics“. Slovenščina 2.0: empirical, applied and interdisciplinary research 7, Nr. 1 (06.12.2019): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/slo2.0.2019.1.113-125.
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The aim of this minireview is to analyse the existing Czech research in the field of Queer Linguistics with the use of the meta-linguistic perspective. After a short introduction of Queer Theory ideas and ideas of Queer Linguistics focusing on the terms queer and heteronormativity, the author deals with the Czech denomination of this field. Against the backdrop of the state of Czech Gender Linguistics, additional circumstances of the current state of Czech Queer Linguistics are presented. Those include (apart from the unavailability of relevant literature in Czech libraries) a limited number of experts dealing with the topic, offering queer-linguistic lectures and seminars at Czech universities. In the next part of the article, the existing publications dealing with various topics from the field of Czech Queer Linguistics are analysed. In the final part of the article, some topics which may extend the publication basis of the field are outlined as they also may help to reflect the current social topics in the Czech Republic.
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Dixon, R. M. W. „Field linguistics: a minor manual“. STUF - Language Typology and Universals 60, Nr. 1 (01.03.2007): 12–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2007.60.1.12.
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Abstract This manual provides basic information concerning linguistic fieldwork. What is it? Why do it? The ethics involved. How to choose a field language and a field location. How to go about it. What to get – a comprehensive reference grammar (written in terms of basic linguistic theory), a volume of texts, and a dictionary/thesaurus. What to do: insofar as possible, become a member of the community (for ‘immersion fieldwork’); analyse texts; only use elicitation at a late stage, within the language of study (not from a lingua franca). How to work with consultants (and some things which should be avoided). Writing up the grammar. There is a short final section concerning field methods courses in a university.
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Husain, Dlsoz Jaafer, und Twana Qader Saber. „The argumentasion and its relationship to the conceptual field“. Journal of University of Raparin 10, Nr. 3 (29.09.2023): 136–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(10).no(3).paper7.
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Al_Hajjaj considers argumentation an essential topic of modern linguistics، It is one of the linguistic activities on which the speaker، writer or orator depends. In modern linguistics studies، Al _Hajjaj has become an independent theory and is considered one of the deliberative investigations. It also represents a prominent and fundamental role in various sciences such as (philosophy، logic، politics and law... etc) and he has permanent presence among those sciences. In these few pages، I tried to stand on the meaning and concept of Al_Hajjaj from the linguistic and idiomatic stand points، and then stand on its relationship to his conceptual field. as it showed for Al_Hajjaj from the moral side as well as the bilateral relationship between each of the terms.
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Kowalski, Paweł. „Multilingual Dictionary of Keywords as a Tool for the Digital Bibliographic Database of World Slavic Linguistics“. Rasprave Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje 46, Nr. 2 (30.10.2020): 783–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31724/rihjj.46.2.18.
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The paper presents the structure of a multilingual dictionary of keywords, which is an integral part of the bibliographic database of Slavic linguistics iSybislaw representing the digital information retrieval system (www.isybislaw.ispan.waw.pl). The lexical units (keywords) of the language of keywords used in the system are represented primarily by linguistic terms. In spite of a different denotation – the keywords directly denote sets of documents, and indirectly the non-documentary reality, while the terms denote elements of linguistic reality – they are formally equal with linguistic terms, which allows them to map the semantic field of a particular discipline, in this case Slavic linguistics. The dictionary is therefore a domain-based online specialist dictionary, which is a tool for users of the bibliographic database of Slavic linguistics. The dictionary is addressed to all those who deal with linguistics and linguistic terminology, first of all to scholar-linguists, Ph.D. students and students of philologies, as well as translators of academic papers in the field of linguistics.
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Mantenuto, Iara. „Diversifying the field: Activities to make linguistics more relevant“. Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 6, Nr. 2 (12.10.2021): 5094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v6i2.5094.
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Students find linguistics at times abstract and intimidating and they have a hard time understanding how they can apply what they learn in our classes to the real world and how to relate their cultural/community experiences to it. As a consequence, we inadvertently restrict the pool of linguistic students. Inspired bywork done by Hudley et al. (2017), Trester (2017), Chávez & Longerbeam (2016), and by my personal experiences, I created a series of activities for my introduction to linguistics and syntax courses to respond to this problem. I offer some suggestions on how to make our linguistics courses more practical and relatable to our students, in particular first-generation students. The long-term goal is to organically engage and retain a diverse pool of students, thus enriching our field with their perspectives. We can achieve this goal by balancing teaching practices across cultural frameworks.
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Zikrillaev, Gani Nasrullaevich, und Erkin Boltaevich Jumaev. „ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE UZBEK LINGUISTICS“. Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 3, Nr. 1 (30.01.2019): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2019/3/1/8.
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The article deals with one of the most urgent problems in the field of Uzbek linguistics- the linguistics of the text. The achievements of Uzbek linguistics in this field are mentioned briefly. The authors consider that at present time the text grammar is not paid enough attention at; problems related to linguistic-communicative peculiarities of some morphologic and syntactic units, , synonymy of simple and complex sentences, relationship between words and word combinations are recommended to be studied from the sociolinguisticl point of view
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Humaidi, Humaidi. „LINGUISTIK MODERN PERSEPEKTIF DOKTOR MAHMUD FAHMI AL-HIJAZI“. Al-Fathin: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Arab 3, Nr. 01 (09.08.2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/al-fathin.v3i01.2001.
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Abstract
Linguistics is the study of language scientifically. In his study, linguistics has the scope of studies and methods of study. The scope of linguistic studies is phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. Phonology research is the study of language sounds. Morphology is the field of linguistics that studies about word formation and morphemes in a language. Syntax is the study of the structure of language. And the last semantics is the study of meaning. While the methodology of linguistic studies are comparative linguistics, descriptive linguistics, historical linguistics, and contrastive linguistics.
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Kassymova, A. A., und E. M. Samekbaeva. „TERMS AND METHODS USED IN FORENSIC LINGUISTICS AND DUTIES OF THE EXPERT“. Tiltanym, Nr. 2 (30.06.2023): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55491/2411-6076-2023-2-174-181.
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In the research, forensic linguistics was considered as a young branch of linguistics. In modern science, it is very important to reveal the paradigmatic essence of the science of linguistic expertise. The paper examines the scientific apparatus of forensic linguistics of a new direction in general linguistics, the names of concepts characteristic of this field, and describes the conclusions of research scholars who have studied it. The analysis of some judicial expert processes is also carried out. It is known that forensic linguistics began to form at the junction of language and law as a new area of expertise. This field of science is becoming very important and relevant due to the lack of a system of linguistic and legal concepts and its unified terminology and the high demand for theoretical and applied linguistics. Until the present, no comparative analysis of the subject and the subject of the study of judicial linguistics and speech education in court has been conducted. Therefore, this study creates prerequisites for the formation of the theory of Kazakh forensic linguistics based on theoretical conclusions in linguistics. Investigations on the intersection of interdisciplinary sciences open up new facets of the field of pragmalinguistics of linguistics and contributes to the deepening of knowledge.
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Chilingaryan, Kamo P. „Corpus Linguistics: Theory Vs Methodilogy“. RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 12, Nr. 1 (15.12.2021): 196–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2021-12-1-196-218.
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The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the stages of formation and development of corpus linguistics. The purpose of the article is to analyze various scientific approaches to the scientific significance of this linguistic discipline and identify a set of concepts and criteria that form the foundation of this field. Corpus linguistics is one of the most promising and rapidly developing areas of language research. Linguistics of the XIX century set as its goal the study of language as such, and linguistics of the XXI century sees the relevance of the research not in identifying absolute linguistic categories and meanings but in the practical application of linguistic knowledge. The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that the linguistic corpus contains a vast potential, which the scientific community has not fully comprehended since the text as the main object of corpus linguistics in various forms of its implementation is one of the central components systems of language and speech-thinking activity of a modern native speaker of any language. The content and volume of linguistic corpora of various kinds allow obtaining reliable information about the modern and real use of a particular term: the corpus becomes a tool for analyzing the functioning of this term both in the linguistic field of morphology, syntax, and vocabulary and in the theory and practice of translation, identifying the register of its formal or informal usage. The fundamental novelty of this studys results allows us to speak about the legitimacy of the creation of corpus dictionaries and corpus grammars of a new generation, developed and verified concerning a specific fixed corpus. Simultaneously, the author substantiates the proposition that the corpus nature of dictionaries and grammars increases their reliability and objectivity and avoids the subjectivity that is often characteristic of research-based solely on the intuition of a linguist. The corpus is a medium for obtaining new scientific data, the comprehension of which seems to be a priority for modern linguistic description and necessary in the scientific activity of a modern researcher. From our point of view, this article's relevance and novelty lie in the fact that the expediency of corpus research is an essential requirement of the time, associated with a new quality of linguistic reality and meeting the needs of modern society. The article examines the main stages of the formation of corpus linguistics as a scientific field, characterizes the scientific concepts and approaches inherent in each of these stages, provides an overview of the main conceptual provisions of corpus linguistics within the framework of domestic and foreign linguistics. The author analyzes in detail the polemics between representatives of various scientific directions and reveals the advantages of one or another approach, traces the similarities and differences between approaches to the study of corpora at various historical stages of their formation. The review's focus is the role and place of corpus studies of language in modern linguistics, comparison of the pro and contra arguments of the use of corpus technologies in linguistic description. Considerable attention is paid to the main criteria for the classification of corpora, a brief overview of the most famous corpora in history is offered, and the prospects for their use in various fields of modern language science are discussed.
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Peniro, Rocio, und Jorde Cyntas. „Applied linguistics theory and application“. Linguistics and Culture Review 3, Nr. 1 (18.05.2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v3n1.7.
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Applied linguistics is an interdisciplinary field that identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real-life problems. Some of the academic fields related to applied linguistics are education, psychology, communication research, anthropology, and sociology. Theoretical Linguistics focuses on the examination of the structure of English in all its manifestations (phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, grammar at large). Other branches of Applied linguistics offered are, for instance, the acquisition of a second language and sociolinguistics. applied linguistics is a branch of linguistics where the primary concern is the application of linguistic theories, methods and findings to the elucidation of language problems that have arisen in other areas of experience. Today the governing board of AILA describes applied linguistics 'as a means to help solve specific problems in society. Applied linguistics focuses on the numerous and complex areas in society in which language plays a role.'
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Pennycook, Alastair. „Applied linguistics as epistemic assemblage“. AILA Review 31 (2018): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aila.00015.pen.
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AbstractAny discussion of transdisciplinary applied linguistics needs to engage with three central questions. First, whileinterdisciplinarity may allow for disciplines to stay in place and engage with each other,transdisciplinarity implies a space beyond or above disciplines. As a result, we have to consider whether applied linguistics is seen as a discipline (in which case it is not transdisciplinary) or whether it is seen as a transdisciplinary field of study (in which case it is not a discipline). Second, while applied linguists may engage with work from other fields – sociology, geography, philosophy, cognitive science are common examples – this does not necessarily mean that we engage with those fields as disciplines. Rather, the engagement with such work is often on the basis that relevant thinkers are engaging themselves with broader epistemic shifts. Such work may therefore be seen as having to do withepistemesrather than disciplines. Third, a focus on transdisciplinarity obscures broader concerns about unequal relations of knowledge production, particularly between North and South. If applied linguistics is to become a responsible field of work, it needs to engage with southern epistemologies. In order to do so, applied linguistic practices can be more usefully understood as temporary assemblages of thought and action that come together at particular moments when language-related concerns need to be addressed. This flexible account helps us see how applied linguistic practices are assemblages of different language-oriented projects, epistemes and matters of concern.
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Shodieva, Shokhida Inatovna. „BASIC CONCEPTS OF COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS“. CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 02, Nr. 12 (01.12.2021): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/pedagogics-crjp-02-12-31.
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This article discusses the basic concepts of cognitive linguistics. This lays the groundwork for a deeper understanding of the nature of language and thinking, language and mind connections in linguistic research. Cognitive linguistics is a linguistic field that to some extent unites the research conducted in these areas.This science involves cognitive processes, also known as cognition related to knowledge and information, for the application of special applications. This requires a clear definition of the content of Uzbek cognitive linguistics, its relationship with other disciplines, the development of specific methods of research and analysis.
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Goncharova, V. V. „Historical development of linguistics’ bibliography in Russia (1860-2013)“. Bibliosphere, Nr. 3 (30.09.2016): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2016-3-3-8.
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The interdisciplinary character of the science of language causes great difficulties in bibliographic support in this field. The object of bibliographing in linguistics is not only literature on the language, but also a variety of linguistic resources, which represent a special object to study a branch of linguistics - lexicography. Bibliography of linguistics is the least studied field by specialists among humanitarian bibliographic complexes. The paper first studied the array of domestic bibliographic sources for more than 150 years; the most significant of them are shown. The subject of research is national bibliographic resources in the linguistics field. The objective is to characterize the historical development of the linguistic bibliography in Russia. To achieve this goal we had to solve a number of tasks: identify existing sources for ongoing historical research; to trace the history of forming bibliographic sources, bibliography of bibliographies of linguistics; to form and analyze the body of bibliographic materials; to characterize the problematic areas in the bibliographic software of linguistics. Using the bibliometric analysis it was studied an array of bibliographic products published between 1860 and 2013, the dynamics of bibliographic resources formation was determined, the degree of bibliographic support of some topics and issues in linguistic science and prior directions of their development were revealed. The main results of the study should be considered: 1. The nuclear of fundamental indices on general and applied linguistics is singled out in analyzed literature sources covering the period 1918-1977, as well as in Slavic linguistics for 1825-1981. The complex of current and retrospective bibliographic products was formed and replenished in the country in 1963-1988. 2. The largest share of bibliographic sources in linguistics is presented by book and article bibliography (over 70%), many of which remain bibliographically unrecorded and unused. 3. The following subject areas of linguistics are considered to be bibliographically supported: inter-linguistics, culture of speech and language norms, lexicography, linguistic geography, linguistics regional geography, onomastics. 4. An obvious need to continue the index or database of bibliographic aids in the field of linguistics over the past 50 years is marked. 5. Further development of the linguistics bibliography is impossible to imagine without creating an electronic guide on the bibliographic resources of linguistics, which would reflect the diversity of bibliographical resources and provide their rich information potential for professionals and remote users
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Shokhrukh, Juraev B., und Shaymardanov H. Abror. „THE DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES OF COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS IN UZBEKISTAN: NLP, MACHINE TRANSLATION, CORPUS LINGUISTICS AND AUTOMATIC TEXT EDITING“. American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 04, Nr. 10 (01.10.2022): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume04issue10-01.
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This paper presents the recent development tendencies in the field of computational linguistics in Uzbekistan. It aims to address the researchers and research papers in computational linguistic areas such as: NLP, Machine translation, Corpus Linguistics and Text Editing. The article also highlights the new branches of Computational linguistics that has gained much importance in recent years in the country.
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Desmet, Piet, Peter Lauwers und Pierre Swiggers. „Dialectology, Philology and Linguistics in the Romance Field“. Variation in (Sub)standard language 13 (31.12.1999): 177–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.13.10des.
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Abstract. This contribution offers a historical survey of the views adopted by Romance scholars in methodological discussions tied up with dialectological work conducted between 1875 and 1925. Following an initial phase in which dialectology was strongly linked to folklore-based work and was mainly devoted to the collection of materials, the study of dialects gained a theoretical status within the historical-comparative model. Dialectology then became institutionalised as an academic discipline which developed in various theoretical directions, with Jules Gilliéron and Louis Gauchat as the two key representatives. Whereas Gilliéron favoured the semantic and psychological study of the history of words - to the neglect of the study of their phonetic evolution -, Gauchat stressed the primacy of phonetics, while paying due attention to sociolinguistic phenomena. The methodological principles on which dialectological work was based had a major impact on other domains within Romance linguistics. Walther von Wartburg, for example, integrated the results of dialectological work in his Romance etymological studies, and Antoine Meillet stressed the heuristic and methodological contribution of linguistic geography to historical and general linguistics.
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Djenhi, Amina, und Salah addin Zaral. „Pragmatic Linguistics and Arabic Discours“. Milev Journal of Research and Studies 7, Nr. 2 (31.12.2021): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.58205/mjrs.v7i2.953.
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This research deals with pragmatic linguistics in the light of the Arabic linguistic theory by addressing the emergence of this field, its concept and its cognitive dimensions, as well as its most important tools in the field of linguistic, rhetorical and discourse analysis, with reference to the points of convergence between it and the Arabic theory, where pragmatics is a field of knowledge in its own right. His references and principles, he studies the language depending on the contexts contained in it, as well as the situation of the interlocutors and the extent of their influence on each other through it, which is what the various Arab argumentative theories discuss
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Boukhira, Atallah. „Linguistic atlases: (German, French, Italian, American)“. مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal 4, Nr. 2 (15.06.2023): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.61850/lij.v4i2.51.
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This research is a comparative work between the four linguistic atlases: German, French, Italian and American, as pioneering works in the field of making linguistic atlases. Before that, the concept of geographic linguistics, its scientific interest and function, and what it aims for, then we touched on the emergence of Western linguistic atlases, which was one of the topics of geographic linguistics.
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Zhuchkova, Irina. „THESAURUS MODELLING OF THE “TEXT LINGUISTICS” TERMINOLOGICAL FIELD“. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, Nr. 2 (Juni 2014): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2014.2.7.
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Goncharova, Lyubov. „Working Program of the Discipline “Marketing Linguistics”“. Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 10, Nr. 5 (03.11.2021): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2021-10-5-51-57.
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Language tools that implement the marketing model of consumer behavior and ensure the consumer’s purchase decision, have occupied the focal place in linguistic studies. Such studies have led to the formation of a new pragmalinguistic direction – marketing linguistics. This syllabus is designed for 45.04.02 direction of training ("Linguistics"), the orientation (profile) "General and typological linguistics and applications in the field of linguistics" (training level – master's degree, graduate qualification – master's degree).
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Svyrydova, L. „THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF FORENSIC LINGUISTICS“. Criminalistics and Forensics, Nr. 66 (2021): 673–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.66.50.
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At the stages of preparing materials for conducting a forensic linguistic examination and in the process of research, problematic issues of a procedural and methodological nature arise, which are debatable due to the lack of regulation and the absence of systematic scientific theoretical research in the field of linguistic examination. The analysis of expert practice indicates the need for further developments in the field of forensic linguistic expertise, based on which the author makes proposals for improving the methods of authorship research and the development of directions for further research in the field of semantic and textual research. The author focuses on the need to carry out developments in the field of linguistic expertise, taking into account not only the current practice of conducting forensic linguistic expertise. Also taking into account the generalization of new literary sources, the number of which is increasing and the data of which are of interest to linguistic expertise from the point of view of analyzing emerging in the field of modern linguistics problems, as well as the socio-political situation in the country. Attention is drawn to the fact that the judicial and investigative authorities appoint linguistic examinations at almost all stages of the consideration of cases/proceedings or the investigation of offenses, and it is also becoming increasingly popular in connection with the appeals of individuals/legal entities. The data of the conducted research can serve as the basis for the creation of new directions of research in the field of forensic linguistic examination and contribute to the development of its theoretical and methodological foundations.
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Dirar Ajouje und Islam Hab Eddine. „The role of electronic dictionaries in building linguistic atlases in the light of computational linguistics“. مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal 2, Nr. 1 (15.06.2021): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.61850/lij.v2i1.37.
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It is recognized that utilizing modern technologies and fields is an imperative in order to develop the Arabic language, especially in the preparation of linguistic atlases, to become more quality, accurate and organized, through digitization and computerization of atlases, which requires reliance on what is known in the field of applied linguistics computer computing. The latter aims to exploit the characteristics of logical and mathematical computers in the automatic processing and classification of Arabic speech. Electronic dictionaries represent an important tool in building linguistic atlases, especially as they dealt with Arabic dialects, as it is a knowledge database that allows us to track Arabic speech and distribute it geographically. Therefore, we wonder how to model the linguistic atlas electronically ?, how to achieve a qualitative leap in the field of linguistic atlas in the light of computing?
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Dołżycki, Karol, Michalina Francuz, Maciej Maciejak und Joanna Osiejewicz. „FORENSIC LINGUISTICS IN UNIVERSITY STUDY PROGRAMS: NEEDS, POSSIBILITIES, AND LIMITATIONS“. Journal of International Legal Communication 9, Nr. 2 (23.06.2023): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32612/uw.27201643.2023.9.pp.90-97.
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This paper explores the increasing demand for specialists in forensic linguistics, highlighting the significance of language in forensic investigations. It examines the requirements of the job market and the incorporation of forensic linguistics into university study programs. Additionally, the paper discusses degree programs related to language andтforensic linguistics, as well as the tools and technologies which support linguistic research in this field. It also addresses the lack of standardized education concerning forensic linguistics, the insufficient number of specialists, and the complexity and time-consuming nature of linguistic research in forensic investigations.
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Tozhyieva, Vitaliia. „DYNAMICS OF TERMINOLOGY FORMATION IN THE FIELD OF LINGUISTICS (BASED ON THE POLISH LANGUAGE)“. Ezikov Svyat volume 18 issue 2, ezs.swu.v18i2 (30.06.2020): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v18i2.5.
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In connection with the deepening globalization processes and the interaction of scientists from different countries, the linguistic terminology systems of modern Slavic languages in the second half of the XX and at the beginning of the XXI century have been enlarged with new special units, which causes quantitative and qualitative changes in their composition, interest in the problems of the origin, formation and dynamics of this terminology system. The purpose of the study is to establish the regularity of the terminological nomination of linguistic concepts in the Middle and Modern Polish periods (XVI century – 1939). Taking into account the internal and external linguistic factors that influenced the formation and functioning of linguistics terminology in the Polish language, the basic methods of term formation (semantic, morphological, syntactic) are analyzed, confirming, on the one hand, the connection with the common language, and on the other hand, the uniqueness and specificity of the subject linguistic terminology corpus. The consolidation of a special nomination in Polish linguistic terminology at different chronological sections took place in stages. The transition of special words from one category to another (preterms → quasi-terms → terms) displays a system of complex changes in the branched term system of the subject area of linguistics.
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Cavalcanti, Marilda C. „Applied Linguistics“. AILA Review 17 (31.12.2004): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aila.17.05cav.
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The aim of this paper is to present perspectives in Applied Linguistics (AL) against the background of a historical overview of the field in Brazil. I take the stance of looking at AL as a field of knowledge and as a professional area of research. This point of view directs my reflections towards research-based Applied Linguistics carried out from within in places where it is continuously developed, that is, in universities. Having done this, I locate the Brazilian experience within Latin America.
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Murashova, L. P. „FUNCTIONAL STUDIES IN RUSSIAN LINGUISTICS“. Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, Nr. 1 (30.03.2017): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2017-1-80-87.
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Now in linguistics not enough attention is paid to functional researches. In this article systematization of functional linguistic researches in domestic linguistics is provided. In this article such major directions of a research as functional grammar, functional approach to interpretation of the text, functional syntax and functional stylistics are described. In this article the central concept of this sphere of a research is also described: the funktsinalno-semantic field (FSF), объективирующееся in categories and categorical situations. Besides, in work the following aspects are described: structure of the functional and semantic field on the example of the field of goodness united by a quality sign community including two nuclear centers - predicative and attributive; elements of the periphery of FSP; a possibility of communication between field elements; a possibility of various degree of expressiveness of components of the field depending on proximity to this or that kernel, and also a possibility of crossing of elements of different groups on the example of a komparativnost. The functional grammar represents the most important part of general functional model of language, but it is only one of elements of wider functional direction in linguistics.
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Benešová, Martina, Dan Faltýnek und Lukáš Hadwiger Zámečník. „Explain the law: When the evidence is not enough“. Linguistic Frontiers 4, Nr. 2 (01.09.2021): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lf-2021-0016.
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Abstract The article responds to the current variability of research into linguistic laws and the explanation of these laws. We show basic features to approach linguistic laws in the field of quantitative linguistics and research on linguistic laws outside the field of language and text. Language laws are usually explained in terms of the language system—especially as economizing—or of the information structure of the text (Piantadosi 2014). One of the hallmarks of the transmission of linguistic laws outside the realm of language and text is that they provide other kinds of explanations (Torre et al. 2019). We want to show that the problem of linguistics in the explanation of linguistic laws lies primarily in its inability to clarify the internal structure of language material, and the influence of the theory or method used for sample processing on the result of law analysis—which was formulated by Peter Grzybek (2006). We would like to show that this is the reason why linguistics avoids explanations of linguistic laws.
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Swiggers, Pierre. „XXth-century theories of language: an epistemological diagnosis“. Linguistica 36, Nr. 1 (01.12.1996): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.36.1.3-16.
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This article id intended as a study in the methodology and epistemology of linguistics, a field which developed out of theoretical linguistics in the past thirty years.Methodology and epistemology (or philosophy) 1 of linguistics can be subsumed underthegeneral domain of "philosophical linguistics" (cfr. Kasher - Lappin 1977), whichalsoincludes a theory of meaning and reference, a theory of linguistic (or, moregenerallysemiotic) communication, and - in some cases - a formalization of linguisticsubsystems. The specific contribution of methodology and epistemology of linguistics liesinthe definition of the object of linguistics, in the determination and justification of itsre search techniques, in the appreciation of its results with respect to a broader field ofin vestigation, in the reflection on the nature, status, and variability of approaches tolan guage.
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Siddiqui, Ali, Shabana Sartaj und Abdul Karim Keerio. „Understanding the Critical Role of Applied Linguistics with Other Disciplines of 21st Century“. Theory and Practice in Language Studies 9, Nr. 6 (01.06.2019): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0906.03.
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The present study describes the need and importance of Applied Linguistics in present world. It aims to explore all the areas of applied linguists, where it plays a major role. The introductory section describes applied linguistics with its definitions along and references to renowned authors. The second part discovers a brief historical view of applied linguistics that represents it as a distinct field to explore. It portrays about the emergence of this field that is changing with different periods by its professional and academic activities. The third part of a study demonstrates the scope of applied linguistics and its relation to other disciplines. It suggests the future development of applied linguistics with the emerging new scientific disciplines. The fourth section highlights a hot debate of a current scenario that shows the vitality of applied linguists with respect to Linguistic Human Rights (LHRs). The paper aims to explain the importance of applied linguistics around with current perspective of World. Later, it reveals the real situation to violation of Linguistic Human Rights (LHRs) that are specifically contextualized within states of Pakistan and India. Along with this, it also portrays the picture of the future World to a case if no sincere efforts are taken to protect the Linguistic Human Rights, it can prove fatal for researchers and teachers of applied linguistics in general. The final section concludes a study with an over view of applied linguistics to its historical perspective and its relation with other disciplines, specifically with Linguistic Human Rights.
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Ilc, Gašper, Frančiška Lipovšek, Tatjana Marvin und Andrej Stopar. „Preface“. Linguistica 56, Nr. 1 (28.12.2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.56.1.7.
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This volume of Linguistica is dedicated to the research in the field of generative linguistics. It contains a careful selection of academic articles which focus on contemporary developments in the generative approach to linguistic description. Parts of these articles were also presented at the 2015 Syntax, Phonology and Language Analysis Conference (SinFonIJA 8), held at the University of Ljubljana Faculty of Arts from September 24th–26th 2015, and at the 2014 Syntax, Phonology and Language Analysis Conference (SinFonIJA 7), held at the University of Graz from September 25th–27th 2014.
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Kiklewicz, Aleksander. „Teoria dyskursu a stylistyka“. LingVaria 13, Nr. 26 (16.11.2018): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/lv.13.2018.26.16.
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Theory of Discourse and StylisticsThe subject of this article is the structure of modern scientific knowledge in the field of communicative linguistics, including such fields and disciplines as stylistics, pragmatics (functional pragmatics), text linguistics, (new) rhetoric, discoursology, genology, etc. The author focuses on the problem of delimitation of functional stylistics and the theory of discourse, in the perspective of their subjects and thematic fields. The theoretical problem is that the multiplication of concepts, models, and terminological systems makes it unclear whether we are dealing with different concepts, with different names for the same concepts, with different linguistic objects, or with different phenomena/facts of verbal behaviour. The author offers a unified communicative basis for research in the field of style and discourse, while considering these categories within the stratification model of verbal behaviour.
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RASHID, Omar Hassan, und Waqas Saadi GHARKAN. „GENERAL LINGUISTIC DICTIONARY DESCRIPTIVE STUDY“. RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 04, Nr. 01 (01.01.2022): 454–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.15.33.
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The first antecedents in the service of the language of the Holy Qur'an were serious about learning, teaching and compilation. They exerted extraordinary efforts that reflected an organized mentality, sincerity and unparalleled dedication which impressed the whole world. These efforts included the linguistic part of the language, its morphology, phonetics and dictionary, and they have in each aspect fruitful studies and precedent and informed opinions. There are several aspects that have contributed to the admission of linguistics into modern Arab culture. Of these, sending Arab scholarships to western universities; conducting university studies and thesis by Arab students in European and American universities; establishing a special section in linguistics in some Arab universities; the emergence of linguistic writings known as modern linguistics; the emergence of Arabic translations of some linguistic articles; the organization of local and international scientific seminars and meetings in the field of linguistics; and the establishment of self-list specialties in general linguistics. However, it is no wonder that others add up to the achievements of the antecedents of theories that deal with linguistic studies, and extract meanings from beyond the linguistic text, all of which is related to the renaissance witnessed by other sciences in the modern era, and which linguists have benefited from in the linguistic field. Some linguists have collected the terms that have emerged from modern linguistic literature, who have varied in their approaches in arranging these terms. I have chosen five of these general linguistic dictionaries and addressed them in description and analysis, indicating the differences amongst them and what distinguishes each from others.
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Arifianti, Ika. „POLA INTEROGATIF PENYIDIK PADA SAKSI AHLI BAHASA PADA KASUS DELIK ADUAN“. Pena Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi 36, Nr. 1 (31.03.2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31941/jurnalpena.v36i1.1914.
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<p>Legal language can develop in accordance with the confession of the suspect in the Interrogation Report process. The Interrogation Report is a state secret that should not be published to the general public. However, in the interest of this research, the Interrogation Report process is allowed only to the certain extent. The novelty of this research is in the field of data collection which focus on the interrogation of investigators with legal language experts. This study is normative legal research which use normative legal approach and consists of studying legal principles. The data in this study are from police interrogation report 2013 on complaints offence about domestic violence committed by members of the Indonesian police.After analyzing the interrogation result, The results of this research show first, the structure of the discourse of Interrogation report in the complaint offense case at the Central Java Regional Police with the in the following form: opening section, content section, and closing section, which clarify the structure of the content related to the identity of expert witnesses according to scientific expertise, statements of truthful reporting related to the legal realm, clarity based on information and evidence. Second, qualified investigators are needed. This research can give new contribution in the world of linguistics and police research and a reference for further research in the field of pragmatics, critical pragmatics and can also be followed up in the field of forensic linguistics. The study of pragmatics and forensic linguistics is a field of applied linguistics that deserves to be researched in the context of efforts to develop linguistic scholarship. This research data can be developed for forensic linguistic research. Forensic linguistics is a new field of science in the field of applied linguistics.</p>
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Kheira, Malek. „Die linguistischen Teilgebiete im DaF- Unterricht“. Traduction et Langues 14, Nr. 2 (31.12.2015): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v14i2.757.
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The Linguistic Sub-Areas in German Language lessons
This article deals with the linguistic sub-disciplines and their treatment in German language lessons. There is a number of linguistic sub-areas that play an important role in linguistics. One can develop the language phonetically-phonologically, grammatically, orthographically and stylistically. Linguistics has progressed particularly in the field of syntax and grammatical theories, they are the major advances of linguistics. These linguistic sub-disciplines are: phonetics-phonology, grammar' (syntax and morphology), semantics, lexicology, text linguistics and stylistics. .. Phonetics-phonology deal with the sound structure, morphology examines the word structure, syntax the sentence structure and semantics deals with the meaning of words and sentences. All these sub-disciplines are necessary in the German langauge studies program at the Algerian universities.
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Bakhov, Ivan, Nataliia Ishchuk, Iryna Hrachova, Liliana Dzhydzhora und Iryna Strashko. „Analysing the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Development of Contemporary Philology: The Use of Automated Tools in Linguistic Research“. Archives des Sciences 74, Nr. 2 (15.05.2024): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.62227/as/74216.
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The relationship between linguistics and artificial intelligence is still controversial. The relevance of this paper lies in the interpretation of technological progress as promising for the field of linguistics, since the synergy between artificial intelligence and linguistics can lead to a rethinking of linguistic paradigms. This paper is methodologically based on a detailed study of the related literature on the recent history of these two fields. As a result, the paper offers a detailed analysis of the related scientific literature and revises the relationship between linguistics and artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is seen as a branch of human science, and models have emerged in the intermediate period between the two fields, which were not always understood, but acted as buffers against the interaction of one field with the other; if artificial intelligence is a branch of human science, then linguistics can also adopt this heritage, which may lead to a rethinking of the paradigms of linguistics and challenge the opposition between the exact and experimental sciences. The evolution of the ways of thinking about automatic language processing from the cognitive science point of view of artificial intelligence is traced, and different types of knowledge considered in linguistic computing are discussed. The importance of language both in human-machine communication and in the development of reasoning and intelligence is emphasised. Ideas that can overcome the internal contradiction of artificial intelligence are put forward. The practical significance of the paper is that it highlights how, with the help of automatic language processing, humanity has gradually realised the need to use technological knowledge to understand language. This combination opens up not only knowledge about the language itself, but also general knowledge about the world, about the speaker’s culture, about the communication situation, and about the practice of human relations. The conclusions of the study point to the great potential of interaction between linguistics and artificial intelligence for the further development of both fields.