Dissertationen zum Thema „Fibrose – Inflammation“
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Meziani, Lydia. „Study of Interaction Between the Inflammatory Response and Radiation-Induced Fibrosis“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRadiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is a delayed complication of radiotherapy often associated with chronic inflammatory process and macrophage infiltration. Nowadays, macrophages are suggested to be important cellular contributors to fibrogenic process, but their implication in the context of RIF has never been investigated. In a previous study we have shown that irradiation (IR) induced the polarization of cardiac macrophages into M1 in ApoE-/- mice and was associated with a high fibrosis score in ApoE-/- mice, suggesting that macrophage polarization could drive tissue sensitivity to ionizing radiation. This observation prompted us to investigate the role of macrophages in RIF using a classical experimental model of lung fibrosis developed in C57Bl/6 mice after 16Gy thorax-IR. We profiled both alveolar macrophages (AM) and interstitial macrophages (IM). During the acute phase we found AM depletion associated with CXCL1, MCP-1 and M-CSF secretion, followed by a repopulation phase mediated by recruitment and proliferation of monocytes/macrophages from the bone marrow. Interestingly, the newly recruited AM exhibited a yet never described hybrid polarization (M1/M2), associated with the up-regulation of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. At delayed times points, IM were M2-polarized and associated with downregulation of Th1 cytokines and upregulation of Th2 cytokines in tissue lysates. These results suggest a differential contribution of hybrid AM vs M2 IM to fibrogenesis. Interestingly, in contrast to activated hybrid AM, activated M2 IM were able to induce fibroblast activation in vitro mediated by an enhanced TGF-β1 expression. Therefore, specific depletion of hybrid AM using intranasal administration of clodrosome increased RIF score and enhanced M2 IM infiltration. We next evaluated if the fibrogenic process can in turn affect macrophage polarization. Interestingly, after coculture of irradiated fibroblast with non-irradiated pulmonary macrophages, secretion of cytokines such as M-CSF and TIMP-1, which can stimulate macrophage activation, was observed. Furthermore, RIF inhibition using pravastatin treatment showed that fibrosis inhibition was associated with a decrease in M2 IM accompanied by an increase in M1 IM, but had no effect on polarization of AM. These present study shows a dual and opposite contribution of alevolar versus intertitial macrophages in RIF and the contribution of the fibrogenic process to IM polarization, resulting thereby in a chronical fibrogenic loop
Buonafine, Mathieu. „Rôle de la Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin dans les effets cardiovasculaires et rénaux de l'activation du récepteur minéralocorticoïde. Spécificité et mécanismes d’action“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066216/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation by aldosterone plays a major role in cardiovascular remodeling by participating in hypertension, fibrosis and inflammation. Our group has recently evidenced a critical implication of the Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), a new target of the MR, in the deleterious effects of its activation. In order to better understand the role of NGAL in these effects, we carried out several models of fibrosis in mice presenting a genetic invalidation for NGAL or in mice lacking NGAL in their immune cells specifically. Our results demonstrate that NGAL produced by immune cells plays a pivotal role in MR mediated cardiac and renal damage. Furthermore, our data suggest that inflammatory context could represent a key factor in the pathophysiological implications of NGAL
Robert, Sacha. „Caractérisation des signaux de danger et de la signalisation cellulaire dans le développement de la fibrose hépatique“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B016/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInflammasome pathway is implicated in several inflammatory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis. Nowadays, several data exist and suggest the implication of this pathway in liver fibrosis development. Once activated, the inflammasone pathway leads to the production and the release of IL-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, by immune cells such as macrophages. The aim of this thesis was to describe the molecular and the cellular mechanism underlining the implication of the inflammasome pathway in liver fibrosis development. To assess this hypothesis, we have firstly inhibited inflammasome pathway in CCl4 hepatotoxicity mouse model. However, this approach did not clearly establish the implication of this pathway in liver fibrosis development. Thus in a second part, we have used an in vitro approach and demonstrate that liver fibroblasts response to pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-8, and lead to a change in MMP/TIMP balance. The changes conduce to fibrosolysis, an exacerbation of the inflammatory response and the decrease in the expression of α-SMA, an activation marker of fibroblasts. Finally, by co-culturing the fibroblasts with different macrophages, we showed similar effects after inflammasome activation by LPS and the MSU crystals in immune cells, suggesting an indirect role of the activation of inflammasome on the response of activated liver fibroblasts
Jia, Huan. „Stratégies pharmacologiques pour la prévention de la fibrose intra-cochléaire“. Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON1T001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCochlear implantation is the only treatment capable of restoring the auditory pathways in patient suffering from severe to profound hearing loss with poor benefit from hearing aids. Its functioning relies on direct electric stimulation of primary auditory neurons through an electrode array inserted into the cochlea.Despite the advances in electrode design and surgical technique, the act of inserting the electrode array is still traumatic. These traumas result in the loss of residual hearing in low frequencies and provoke an inflammatory reaction leading to fibrous scarring. This fibrous reaction is deleterious to not only the implant performance by increasing the impedance of the electrodes, but also the preserved residual hearing which limit the possibilities of hybrid electro-acoustic stimulation.Current researches aim at limiting this fibrosis by drug application, such as corticosteroids. Therefore dexamethasone is frequently used, but its effectiveness has been only demonstrated formally in vitro or in vivo. Furthermore, the molecular targets set in the fibrotic and inflammatory reaction in the cochlea are not clearly identified, and it is unclear whether this therapeutic approach is best suited.In this study we have developed in vitro models of rat cochlear slice and cochlear explants culture to test the antifibrotic efficacy and toxicity of various drugs, including dexamethasone, but also aracytine, an antimitotic drug with very low ototoxicity which is safely used in contact with the central nervous system. In our hands, it appears that antimitotic aracytine is more effective against fibrosis and less toxic to the sensory cells than the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone.In the second part of this study, we used two in vivo models of cochlear fibrosis namely the KLH(keyhole limpet hemocyanin)-induced sterile labyrinthitis and the foreign-body-induced chronic labyrinthitis. Again, the intracochlear fibrosis in the model of KLH-induced labyrinthitis was signticantly reduced by the osmotic pump with aracytine, while the effect of dexamethasone was not significant. Also the preservation of the hearing was statistically better in the group of animals treated with this antimitotic drug. Consequently, aracytine was the only drug tested in the other model of foreign-body-induced labyrinthitis. Again, aracytine reduced fibrosis in the cochlea, without any toxic effects on auditory neurons. While the preservation of the hearing was not achieved in the control group, the low frequencies hearing was preserved in animals treated with aracytine. Finally, the thresholds of electrical stimulation eliciting auditory brainstem response recordings were significantly lower in the treated group by aracytine.Thus, we have shown that an antimitotic strategy was able to inhibit fibrosis effectively in the cochlea in vitro and in vivo, and this with a greater efficiency than dexamethasone. We therefore recommend considering in clinical practice the use of aracytine to prevent cochlear fibrosis. In addition, this study stresses the importance of analyzing the cellular pathways of cochlear inflammation and fibrosis, in order to determine the best targets and candidate molecules. These molecules could be tested on the models that we have developed in order to offer new therapeutic options to prevent cochlear fibrosis
Chokr, Dina. „Monoacylglycerol Lipase, a new anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenic target in the liver“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC283.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSustained inflammation originating from macrophages is a driving force of fibrosis progression and fibrosis resolution. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the rate limiting enzyme in the degradation of monoacylglycerols, and is a proinflammatory enzyme that metabolizes 2-arachidonoylglycerol, an endocannabinoid receptor ligand, into arachidonic acid. Here, we investigated the impact of MAGL on inflammation and fibrosis during chronic liver injury. Mice with either global or myeloid-specific (Mye-/-)invalidation of MAGL chronically exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were more resistant to inflammation and fibrosis than wild type counterparts. Therapeutic intervention with MJN110 also reduced inflammatory gene expression and slowed down fibrosis progression in bile duct-ligated mice. Moreover, the MAGL inhibitor MJN110 accelerated fibrosis regression following discontinuation of CCl4 administration. In vitro, macrophages exposed to MJN110 or isolated from MAGL Mye-/- mice displayed reduced LPS-stimulated secretion of cytokines and chemokines. These effects were independent of the cannabinoid receptor CB2, as they were preserved in mice with myeloid specific deletion of CB2. They relied on macrophage autophagy, as they were lost in mice with myeloid-specific deletion of the autophagic gene ATG5, and associated with increased autophagic flux when MAGL was genetically or pharmacologically inhibited. These data unravel MAGL as a novel immunometabolic target in the liver, and demonstrate that MAGL inhibitors may show promising anti-fibrogenic effects during chronic liver injury
Blirando, Karl. „Rôle des mastocytes dans le développement de la rectite radique in vivo et la réponse endothéliale à l’irradiation in vitro“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0080.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRadiation therapy is used alone or in combination with chemotherapy in more than 50% of cancer treatments. Despite recent advances in treatment delivery such as dose-sculpting techniques, irradiation of healthy tissues surrounding the tumor and the associated side effects limit the radiation amount used. Those side effects when concerning the gastrointestinal tract, have profound repercussions on patient's quality of life and may even engage their vital prognosis. The comprehension of the mechanisms implicated in the development of these lesions is thus a major stake in the identification of therapeutic targets allowing their prevention and treatment. During my PhD, we studied the role of mast cells in the development of radiation proctitis in vivo and in the endothelial response to irradiation in vitro. Our results suggest that mast cells have a deleterious role in the development of human and murine radiation proctitis, in particular by the influence of some of its mediators such as histamine and proteases on the phenotype of the smooth muscle cells of the muscularis propria. Targeting mast cells'mediators may represent new therapeutic tools to prevent and/or limit digestive radiation damage. Other shares our work shows that mast cells mediators such as histamine can exacerbate the endothelial inflammatory response to irradiation by mechanisms involving the activation of the p38MAPKinase pathway and the transcription factor NF-B. The study of intracellular signaling pathways activated during radiation damage development may offer new therapeutic possibilities in the management of healthy tissues radiation damage
Marchal, Pierre-Olivier. „Rôle de NOV/CCN3 dans différents modèles in vivo de néphropathies et pathologies cardiovasculaires“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066321.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem. Regardless of the primary cause, CKD is characterized by the development of chronic inflammation and fibrosis leading to progressive decline of renal function and eventually end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Actually, regular hemodialysis and renal transplantation are the only available therapies for ESRD patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutically targets against this incurable disease. Recently, the NOV/CNN3 protein was shown to be an interesting candidate. In this study we have shown that, in obstructive nephropathy in mice, NOV has profinflammatory and profibrotic effects. In addition, we have shown in a mouse model of hypertensive nephropathy, that NOV was regulated by Angiotensin II (AngII) and could inhibit AT1R receptor expression to limit the deleterious effects of this hormone. These results show an important role of NOV during the development of two different types of nephropathies and may indicate that this protein can have model specific effects. Finally, we have shown that NOV itself was also regulated by AngII in the aorta and has proinflammatory effects in hypertensive conditions. Taken together our results show an important role of NOV in these different types of pathologies and that this protein could be a key player in the development of CKD as well as vascular diseases. Nevertheless, further investigations are still required to better characterize the precise role of NOV in these pathological contexts
Jonas, Franziska. „Der Einfluss einer inhalativen Glutathiontherapie auf die Inflammation bei Patienten mit zystischer Fibrose“. Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-156081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBigé, Naïke. „Rôle de la Thrombospondine-1 et du récepteur CD47 dans le développement de la fibrose rénale“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066705/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a major endogenous activator of TGF-β1 and has anti-angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties. One of its partners, receptor CD47, plays a critical role in its anti-angiogenic activity and also regulates inflammation. After unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), TSP-1 expression increases, correlates to TGF-β1 and collagen III expression and decreases with renal repair after desobstruction. Use of TSP-1 knock-out mice allowed us to demonstrate that TSP-1 favours renal injury by increasing vascular lesions and inflammatory cells recruitment. This pro-inflammatory effect depends, at least in part, on chemotactic factor MCP-1, increasing in leukocyte rolling and engagement of T cells in Th17 pathway. CD47 knock-out mice also benefit from tubular and vascular protection after UUO. However, they exhibit increased interstitial fibrosis associated with higher expression of TSP-1 and TGF-β1, which could compromise renal repair. Preliminary study of nephroangiosclerosis models in rats and mice revealed that TSP-1 expression is induced in renal tissue by arterial hypertension and is correlated to the severity of histological lesions, suggesting its physiopathological role. These results show that TSP-1 and CD47 are involved in renal fibrosis and that they represent potential therapeutic target in the management of chronic kidney disease
Lodder, Jasper. „L’autophagie macrophagique protège contre l'atteinte hépatique et la fibrose au cours de la maladie alcoolique du foie“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0067.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlcohol abuse and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are leading causes of liver-related morbi-mortality in Western countries that may lead to accumulation of fibrosis in the liver. Efficient treatments are lacking and there is currently no molecule approved for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Hepatic macrophages play a pivotal role in the initiation and perpetuation of the inflammatory response in fatty liver disease and in progression to fibrosis. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that limits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The aim of my thesis was to explore the contribution of macrophage autophagy on alcohol-induced liver injury and fibrosis.In a first study, we show that mice invalidated for the autophagy-gene ATG5 in myeloid cells (Atg5Mye-/- mice) develop exacerbated fibrosis as compared to WT littermates in response the hepatotoxin CCl4. Moreover, Atg5Mye-/- mice produce higher hepatic levels of IL-1α and IL-1β, and show enhanced inflammatory cell recruitment associated with exacerbated liver injury. Hepatic myofibroblasts exposed to the conditioned medium of macrophages from Atg5Mye-/- mice displayed increased profibrogenic gene expression, which could be blunted by neutralizing IL-1α and IL-1β in the conditioned medium of Atg5-/- macrophages. Finally, administration of an IL-1R1 antagonist to Atg5Mye-/- mice exposed to carbon tetrachloride blunted liver injury and fibrosis, revealing that the deleterious effects of macrophage autophagy invalidation are mediated through IL-1α/β.In a second study, we generated mice invalidated for CB2 receptor (CB2Mye−/− mice) in myeloid cells. These mice showed enhanced alcohol-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression and hepatic steatosis as compared to WT littermates. Conversely, mice administered JWH-133 show reduced alcohol-induced liver injury. Activation of the CB2 receptor by JWH-133 increased macrophage autophagy in the livers of alcohol-fed mice, whereas autophagy was inhibited of alcohol-fed CB2Mye−/− mice. In cultured peritoneal macrophages, JWH-133 reduced the induction of inflammatory genes by LPS in WT peritoneal macrophages, but not in ATG5-deficient cells, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory and anti-steatogenic effects of the CB2 receptor are mediated through autophagy. Indeed, the CB2 agonist could protect against alcohol-induced liver inflammation and steatosis in WT, but not in ATG5Mye−/− mice.These results uncover macrophage autophagy as a novel anti-inflammatory pathway that regulates liver fibrosis, and identify CB2 receptor in macrophages as regulator of autophagy that protects from alcohol-induced steatosis by inhibiting hepatic inflammation. Exploiting macrophage autophagy may therefore be an interesting novel target in the treatment of chronic liver disease
Gonzalez, Julien. „Implication de la chimiokine CCL7 dans le développement de la fibrose tubulointerstitielle rénale“. Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1931/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRenal disease severely affects whole body haemostasis as the kidney plays an important role in the elimination of waste products. The currently used drugs only slow down kidney disease and in most cases do not avoid progression to end-stage renal disease. The degree of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, characterized by extracellular matrix protein accumulation in the tubulointerstitium, is strongly correlated to the future loss of kidney function. Schematically, the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis can be divided in three steps: inflammation, myofibroblasts accumulation and excessive extracellular matrix expression. Early phases of the inflammatory step involve the induction of chemokine expression. These small cytokines with chemoattractant properties induce recruitment of white blood cells from the blood to the tissue and are at the origin of inflammation. Currently, almost fifty different chemokines have been identified which mediate most of their effects by binding to G-protein coupled receptors. In this study, we identify chemokine CCL7 as a new player in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis with differential effects in the early- and late-stages of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced fibrosis. CCL7 (or MCP-3) can activate the chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2 and CCR3 and antagonize CCR5. At an early stage, three days after UUO, the absence of CCL7 reduced renal inflammatory cell infiltration, expression of profibrotic cytokines TGF( and CTGF and myofibroblast markers. In parallel the expression of the ECM protein fibronectin was significantly lower in mice lacking CCL7, while type I and III collagen expression was not modified. In contrast, at a later stage, 8 days after UUO, the absence of CCL7 was without effect on inflammation or myofibroblast accumulation but decreased the expression of CTGF and type I collagen, suggesting uncoupling between inflammation and the fibrotic response. In vitro studies confirmed these results suggesting that CCL7 can directly induce a fibrotic response via induction of CTGF and TGF(. In addition, at this late stage the absence of CCL7 induced the increase of markers of anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells
Denaes, Timothé. „Rôle de l'autophagie macrophagique dans la maladie alcoolique du foie et la fibrose hépatique“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSummary not transmitted
Corbel, Le Poulain Marianne. „Implication des metalloproteinases (mmp-2 et mmp-9) au cours du developpement de l'inflammation et de la fibrose pulmonaire chez la souris (doctorat : biologie)“. Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN1B054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Guilcher Camille. „Rôle du récepteur purinergique P2X4 dans l'activation des myofibroblastes au cours de la fibrogenèse hépatique“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS570.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiver fibrosis is the common scarring reaction associated with chronic liver injury, characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and there’s no available treatment so far. ECM is mainly produced by hepatic myofibroblasts (hMF) upon prolonged liver inflammation. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its receptors constitute a powerful signaling network in inflammation and tissue remodeling processes. Although the P2X4 purinergic receptor (P2X4R) is highly expressed in the liver, its functions have never been investigated during liver fibrogenesis. Expression of P2X4R increased with the severity of human and mouse liver diseases, and its genetic silencing protected mice from collagen deposit as well as hMF accumulation, after bile duct ligation or methionine and choline-deficient diet feeding. P2X4R silencing also impaired expression of matrix remodeling mediators. In human and mouse hMF, it also downregulated their activation as well as their fibrogenic properties (inflammation, matrix remodeling, contraction, adhesion, migration) whereas profibrolytic molecules are upregulated. Moreover P2X4R regulates calcium entry in hMF, impacting on ATP lysosomal exocytosis and on pro-fibrogenic secretory profile and transcription in hMF. Our results further suggest that P2X4R antagonism in early fibrosis blunted hMF and collagen accumulation and thus, protected liver from fibrosis. P2X4R activation is critical for hMF to sustain their activated fibrogenic phenotype. These new results suggest that targeting P2X4R may be of interest in the treatment of liver fibrotic diseases
Pessoa, Fernanda Gallinaro. „Papel da eritropoetina na atenuação da fibrose miocárdica“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-26082014-110630/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntroduction: The process of myocardial remodeling include inappropriate collagen deposition in the interstitium developing an overall process of structural and geometric remodeling of the heart. Erythropoietin (EPO) may have a cardioprotective effects including inflammatory and oxidative stress modulation. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the role of EPO upon structural, geometric and functional remodeling at the heart. Materials and Methods: 60 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: Control, Control+EPO, Infarcted, Infarcted+EPO. Interstitial collagen volume fraction in the left (LV-ICVF) and right ventricle (RV-ICVF) was quantified by videomorphometry using a QWIN Image Processing and Analysis Software (Leica Microsystems Cambridge Ltd.). These same slides and software were also used to measure the size of the infarct area. The analyzed echocardiographic parameters were the left ventricle shortening fraction (LVFS) and diastolic diameter (LVDD). For oxidative stress, two commercial kits were used in to quantify ADMA and glutathione. RT-PCR was used to assess ventricular overload, apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines. For angiogenesis we used immunohistochemistry and hematological analysis was performed by laboratory tests for hemoglobin and hematocrit. Non parametric analysis was performed and p <=0.05 was considered significant. Results: LV-ICVF (%) was greater in the infarcted groups compared to controls (p < 0.001), and attenuated by EPO (p = 0.05, MI vs MI+EPO) (CT = 0.76 ± 0.20; CT+EPO = 0.62 ± 0.16; MI+EPO = 1.22 ± 0.86; MI = 3.80 ± 2.6). The RV-ICVF (%) was also greater in the infarcted groups compared to controls (CT = 0.60 ± 0.2; CT+EPO = 0.82 ± 0.28; MI+EPO = 1.02 ± 0.58; IAM = 1.62 ± 1.20) (p = 0.007) but without statistical difference between MI vs MI+EPO. Regarding infarct size we did not observe any difference. The infarcted groups had a worsening shortening fraction compared to controls (CT = 45.65% ± 6.4; CT+EPO = 40.81% ± 4.44; MI+EPO = 17.32% ± 6.01 and MI = 20.11% ± 9.41) (p < 0,001), but without EPO protection. The infarcted groups also showed increased LV dilation (p < 0.001) (CT = 0.73 ± 0.06; CT+EPO = 0.74 ± 0.05; MI+EPO = 0.81 ± 0.08; MI = 0.90 ± 0.11) without EPO attenuation. Oxidative stress markers ADMA and glutathione did not show EPO action in this pathway. The BNP that evaluate ventricular overload, presented increased expression in infarcted groups (p = 0.04), but not attenuated by EPO (p = 0.103). The genes of apoptosis Bcl-2 and p53 were more expressed in infarcted groups when compared to controls (p < 0.05), but Bcl-2 was not activated and p53 inhibited by EPO. For Inflammation just 3 genes exhibit expression with statistical differences between groups (TGF-beta1, TNF-alfa, and CCr-5), but it did not show the EPO anti-inflammatory effect. The semi-quantification of angiogenesis by VEGF expression also did not show statistically significant differences between groups (p = 0.95).The analysis of hemoglobin and hematocrit presented significant differences compared to groups treated or not with EPO (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: EPO significantly attenuated the accumulation of interstitial collagen, but it did not reflected in the protection of the heart dilation or dysfunction and oxidative stress, ventricular overload, apoptosis and inflammation of gene expression in this model
Jonas, Franziska [Verfasser], und Mathias [Akademischer Betreuer] Griese. „Der Einfluss einer inhalativen Glutathiontherapie auf die Inflammation bei Patienten mit zystischer Fibrose / Franziska Jonas. Betreuer: Mathias Griese“. München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1034474839/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChêne, Charlotte. „Optimisation de l'efficacité et de la tolérance du trioxyde d'arsenic (ATO) dans les maladies fibro-inflammatoires“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UNIP5081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGraft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD) and systemic sclerosis (Ssc) are two pro-inflammatory pathologies that can affect different organs such as skin, lungs, the digestive tract. The severity of the diseases and the lack of effective treatment lead to the commitment of the patient's vital prognosis. It has been demonstrated in several studies that a dysregulation of the immune system is responsible for the exacerbated and chronic inflammatory response that induces fibrosis. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an anticancer agent used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia in humans. For several years, ATO has also been studied in clinical research for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, in GvHD and systemic lupus erythematosus. The encouraging results open up prospects for the use of this treatment in new indications. However, despite validation of its efficacy, ATO may present transient side effects described in some patients. We support the thesis that the association of a Fenton/Fenton-like divalent cation with a lower dose of ATO could allow to reduce its dosage. Thus the side effects would be limited while maintaining the therapeutic potential of the ATO. In a first study, ATO was associated with 8 divalent cations to evaluate in vitro the efficacy of the treatment on the production of reactive oxygen species (H2O2) and on the viability of human tumor cells (HL-60) and murine (A20). Copper was selected (CuCl2) as the most appropriate divalent cation, because when applied as a co-treatment with ATO at low dose, it potentiated the viability and the induction of oxidative stress in the 2 cell types. A mixed lymphocyte reaction was then performed in vitro to mimic the immune response observed in GvHD. Low-dose ATO + Cu2+ co-treatment, by reducing splenocyte proliferation, confirmed the choice of Cu2+. We then evaluated the effect of this co-treatment in vivo. In a mouse model of GvHD, we observed a decrease in clinical signs of the disease, cutaneous and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as digestive involvement, activation and recruitment of cells of the immune system. Treatment with low dose ATO + Cu2+ had no effect on tumor growth in a mouse model of B lymphoma. In a second study, the co-treatment was used in a mouse model of Ssc induced by repeated injections of HOCl. As in GvHD mice, the co-treatment limited the development of the disease. Low-dose ATO + Cu2+ increased oxidative stress in murine fibroblasts, impaired immune response, resulting in a significant decrease in clinical signs of Ssc. These works have demonstrated that the effect of ATO is potentiated by Cu2+, allowing to reduce the doses usually used. This work opens perspectives for clinical applications using ATO associated with a divalent cation in the treatment of pro-inflammatory diseases
Guerrot, Dominique. „Mécanismes proinflammatoires et progression de la fibrose rénale dans les néphropathies hypertensive et obstructive“. Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066500.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVila, Isabelle. „Rôle du toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) immun dans le développement de la fibrose du tissu adipeux“. Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2122/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a first part, the study focuses on the implication of the immune Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) in adipose tissue fibrosis. The natural ligand of this innate immunity receptor is lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In many studies, TLR4 was involved in fibrogenesis in various tissues such as liver and kidney. To highlight the mechanisms of fibrogenesis in adipose tissue, we worked with C3H/HeJ mice which carry a missense mutation in the TLR4 gene and C3H/HeOuJ as controls. The use of a high fat diet, inducing inflammation and fibrosis in this model, as well as an irradiation/bone marrow reconstitution experiment, which allowed us to identified the key role of the immune TLR4 in the genesis of adipose tissue fibrosis. We also showed the appearance of a lipolytic adipose tissue dysfunction accompanied by adipocyte death with the appearance of adipose tissue fibrosis. In the second part of this thesis, we looked at the regulation of skeletal muscle lipases during a high fat diet in mice. A previous publication of the laboratory, done in an in vitro model, showed the negative impact on insulin signaling of the dysregulation of the expression of two major lipases, though diacylglycerol (DAG) accumulation. In this context we wanted to verify these results in vivo. We used C3H/HeOuJ mice on standard diet or high fat diet for 4 weeks. The study of different actors in insulin signaling and muscle lipases has allowed us to confirm in vivo results previously obtained
Bellière, Julie. „Inflammation associée à l'agression rénale aiguë : contribution de la polarisation macrophagique, visualisation de VCAM-1 en imagerie moléculaire“. Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2505/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRhabdomyolysis is a frequent cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). The toxic effect of myoglobin was thought to be the main factor involved in this disease. Since macrophages (MØ) have been suspected to populate the kidney after rhabdomyolysis, we set out to investigate their role and polarization status, whereby MØ are classified as either M1 (pro-inflammatory) or M2 (wound-healing). Diverse renal MØ phenotypes were observed in a mouse model: two days after rhabdomyolysis, R1 (F4/80loCD11bhi) were dominant. By day 8, R2 (F4/80hiCD11b+) became dominant. Liposomal clodronate (CL)-mediated MØ depletion indicated that the early infiltration of R1 was deleterious. Transcriptionally regulated targets, such as chemokines and extra-cellular matrix components were identified and verified to be expressed in a MØ-dependent manner. Via single-cell analysis R1 and R2 were shown to express both M1 and M2 markers. Inflammatory processes seemed to be directly favoured by myoglobin since it induced in vitro tubular cells to secrete chemokines and MØ to change their polarization status. Early CL-mediated MØ depletion improved kidney repair and mouse survival. Seven months after rhabdomyolysis, the fibrotic lesions were significantly reduced in the CL-treated group, suggesting that early MØ depletion limits long-term injuries. We also performed a study to assess the interest of detecting endothelial inflammation during AKI via enhanced molecular imaging targeting VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1). This non-invasive technology appears to be a relevant approach
Mezni, Imen. „Évaluation d'un marqueur précoce de la dysfonction chronique du greffon rénal : la PCR urinaire de l'ARNm de la Vimentine“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS088.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChronic graft dysfunction is the major cause for end-stage renal failure after renal transplantation, both through immune and non-immune mechanisms. When the renal tubular epithelium undergoes epithelial phenotypic changes (EPC), reminiscent of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), and associated with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, the prognosis is poor with a diminution of renal function and graft loss. In this prospective study. We studied the renal epithelial phenotype by immunohistochemistry and measured mRNA in urine of vimentin, CD45, GAPDH and uroplakin 1a by RT-PCR. We compared grafts from living donors and those from deceased donors. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of RT-PCR on urine for the diagnosis of epithelial phenotypic changes in transplant patients, with renal biopsy surveillance at 3 months and a biopsy on particular indication. We have shown that the EMT score on renal biopsy surveillance and the evolution of graft renal function were better in the patients from living donors than in those from cadaveric donors. The value of the mRNA of vimentin and CD45 relative to the uroplakin is correlated with the score in vimentin immunostaining in routine biopsies. These biomarkers could be used as a noninvasive tool to monitor the renal graft fibrogenesis. This test could be used for early detection of fibrotic diseases of the kidney transplant. In an independant study, the transcriptome in urine was analyzed, and it was found that normalization of mRNA with uroplakin mRNA was useful, and that EPC were associated with immune and inflammatory profiles
Hammes, Thais Ortiz. „Efeito do probiótico Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG sobre fibrose hepática em modelo de hepatopatia colestática crônica em ratos“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143408.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntroduction: Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response to acute or chronic cellular liver injury. Gut-derived products can reach the liver through the portal vein and mediate inflammatory response via TLR4. The increase of inflammatory cytokines induces the activation of stellate cells, periportal fibroblasts and Kupffer cells. The activation of these cells stimulates the secretion of TGFβ and the excessive collagen deposition. Thus, modulation of gut microbiota using probiotics could reduce inflammation and hepatic fibrogenesis. Aim: To evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on liver fibrosis in a model of cholestatic liver disease in rats. Methods: Adult male (n = 29) Wistar rats (299.89 g ± 42.89 g) were subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL) or the manipulation of common bile duct without ligation (Ctrl). After 14 days, groups were again divided to receive gavagens during 14 days: Ctrl and BDL groups received 1 ml of PBS and Ctrl-P and BDL-P groups, 1 ml of PBS containing 2.5 × 107 CFU of LGG. Euthanasia occurred five days after the end of the treatment when were collected samples of blood and liver tissue. Results: The bile duct ligation promoted a reduction in body weight and plasma albumin levels followed by an increase of liver dysfunction parameters in comparison to control groups. LGG treatment did not change serum analyses or body weight of animals. There was no difference in superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) between groups. The catalase activity (CAT) and sulfhydryl levels were significantly lower in the BDL group compared to controls. Treatment with LGG showed a tendency to increase sulfhydryl levels. The SOD / CAT ratio was higher in BDL group compared to controls and treatment with LGG prevented this imbalance. Treatment with LGG showed a tendency to decrease SOD / CAT ratio. The gene expression of Tlr4, Tnfα and Il6 and IL1β levels were higher in the BDL group compared to the control. Treatment with LGG partially attenuated the increase of IL1β and Tlr4. The BDL-P group had decreasing in Il6 gene expression compared to the untreated group. The gene expression of Tgfβ was higher in the BDL group compared to the Ctrl. The expression of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 was significantly higher in BDL and BDL-P groups, with no difference in comparison to treatment with LGG. The collagen deposition and ductular reaction evaluated by the content of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) was higher in animals submitted to the bile duct ligation. The hepatic collagen deposition and CK7 content was significantly decreased in BDL-P compared to BDL group. Conclusion: Treatment with LGG was able to reduce liver fibrosis, ductular reaction and Il-6 gene expression in a model of chronic cholestatic liver disease in rats.
Aubert, Vivien. „Lésions d'ischémie-reperfusion rénale en transplantation : modélisation par agents des effets de l’oxygénation sur la dynamique cellulaire-tissulaire de l'inflammation et de la fibrose“. Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT1405/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn renal preservation-transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) causes graft inflammation and fibrosis, dysfunction and loss. Events involved in IR injury grow identified, but their intricacy hampers prediction and therapeutics. Based on a detailed bibliographical analysis, we propose an Agent-Based Model of renal response to IR injury at cell and tissue levels, created with the modeling tool NetLogo.First, we develop and validate a dynamic model of the oxygenation of the renal cortex, featuring blood perfusion, oxygen diffusion, and oxygen consumption (driven by sodium filtered load and transport). We then adapt this model to oxygen steady-state, and PO2 level is coupled to energetic status (ATP) in epithelial and endothelial cells (aerobic and anaerobic pathways). Cell viability is coupled to ATP level, leading to a semi-phenomenological representation of repair/survival versus apoptosis/necrosis. Finally, we explore (and verify) cell and tissue fate during simulated IR sequences, with the gradual addition of key elements of inflammation (leukocytes infiltration, injury signals, phagocytosis) and fibrosis (fibroblasts, collagen). Model evolution toward the resolution of inflammation/tissue regeneration or toward tissue fibrosis is observed along imposed conditions (duration/intensity, ischemia vs hypoxemia). Results are compared to experiments from our laboratory.This construction is the first model of the effects of oxygenation on cell-tissue dynamics during renal inflammation-fibrosis response to IR. Ultimately, it will allow to address clinical and therapeutic aspects of renal transplantation and conservation
Dücker, Ruth Pia [Verfasser]. „Untersuchungen zur Wirkung von oxidativem Stress auf die pulmonale Inflammation und Fibrose im Mausmodell der Ataxia-Teleangiectasia / Ruth Pia Dücker“. Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162142995/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSrugies, Fabian [Verfasser]. „Untersuchung der Rolle von Leukemia Inhibitory Factor in der Therapie der renalen Inflammation und Fibrose im unilateralen Ureterobstruktionsmodell / Fabian Srugies“. Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163108057/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePais, Raluca. „L’inflammation hépatique dans les formes sévères de NAFLD : implications cliniques, médiateurs et stratégies diagnostiques“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066223/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this work was to analyze the role of chronic systemic inflammation into the natural history of NAFLD. We first undertook a study of NAFLD patients with repeat liver biopsies and demonstrated that mild lobular or portal inflammation or fibrosis in any location substantially increases the risk of progression to steatohepatitis or advanced fibrosis. Disease progression occurred concomitant with worsening of the metabolic conditions during follow-up. In the second study, we analyzed the prevalence and the impact of steatosis and metabolic risk factors on the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis undergoing liver transplantation. The main finding of this study was that patients with advanced ALD have a high prevalence of NAFLD, and that this comorbid association confers a significantly increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. These findings are important for risk stratification of HCC in patients with ALD. In the third study we demonstrated that steatosis predicted carotid atherosclerosis independently of the association with classical cardiovascular risk factors. Second, in a subset of patients with longitudinal follow-up we demonstrated that baseline NAFLD was an independent predictor for incident carotid plaques. These results suggest that NAFLD is not only a marker but also an “active player” in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In conclusion, our results suggests that low-grade chronic inflammation responsible for the production of pro-atherogenic cytokines and the activation of pro-oncogenic signaling pathways might be the link between liver fibrosis progression, hepatocellular carcinoma and cardiovascular risk
Sterzer, Viktor [Verfasser], Jan [Akademischer Betreuer] Schirawski und Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Ludwig. „Der Einfluss von Endoglin auf die Fibrose, sowie die Inflammation und Regeneration in der Leber / Viktor Sterzer ; Jan Schirawski, Andreas Ludwig“. Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1161853561/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKlein, Julie. „Le récepteur B1 des kinines dans la fibrose rénale : des mécanismes au potentiel thérapeutique“. Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/840/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNew molecules and agents to limit the development of renal fibrosis and slow down the progression towards end-stage renal disease are needed. In the past twenty years, many efforts have been made to understand the mechanisms of renal fibrosis with the final goal to develop new therapeutic strategies. In this context, my work has focused on the chronic inflammatory processes involved in this pathology. The kinin B1 receptor (B1R) is a seven transmembrane receptor involved in pain and inflammation. Hardly detectable during physiological states, the B1R is overexpressed during inflammation. The therapeutic potential of B1R blockade has been demonstrated in a variety of models associated with chronic inflammation and in the control of inflammatory or neuropathic pain. This thesis is the first report presenting data of the role of this receptor in the progression of renal fibrosis. Using the Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO) model, an accelerated experimental model of renal fibrosis, it was shown that genetic ablation or pharmacological blockade of the B1R, before or after the initiation of the pathology, was able to limit inflammation and the development of fibrosis. In vivo and in vitro mechanistic studies demonstrated that this effect involved direct inhibition of CTGF, CCL2 and CCL7 expression (three cytokines that promote fibrosis and macrophage recruitment) by renal cells. We then confirmed these results in a more progressive model of nephrotoxic serum induced nephritis. In this model delayed B1R blockade reduced also fibrosis, inflammation and CCL2 and CCL7 expression. In addition, delayed treatment with a B1R antagonist reduced glomerular and tubular lesions and improved renal function. Finally, we observed, for the first time, that the B1R is overexpressed in human renal biopsies of nephropathies associated with inflammation. In conclusion, this thesis shows that delayed B1R blockade is able to reduce significantly the progression of renal fibrosis in animals most probably by modulation of inflammation
Aquino, Carlos Valentim Magalhães Nascimento Guarilha de. „Associação do estado nutricional com perfil inflamatório e a prática do exercício físico de crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística“. Instituto Fernandes Figueira, 2013. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/8264.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
O estado nutricional (EN) é marcador de prognóstico para pacientes com Fibrose Cística (FC) . O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a associação do EN com o perfil inflamatório, prática de atividade física e ingestão alimentar de crianças e adolescentes com FC. O estudo foi observacional do tipo transversal com indivíduos acompanhados no Instituto Fernandes Figueira, da Fundação Osvald o Cruz. Foram selecionados 46 crianças de oito a 18 anos com diagnóstico con firmado de FC. A avaliação do estado nutricional foi feita pelos indicadores altura/idade, pelo índice de massa corporal/ Idade (IMC/I) e pelo IMC em kg/m2 (OMS 2006). Para compos ição corporal utilizou - se a Equação de Slaughter (1988), Circunferência e área muscular do braço e dobra cutânea tricipital. A ingestão dietética foi avaliada pelo recordatório alimentar de 24horas. As citocinas (IL - 1, IL6 e IL 8) por método Elisa e a prot eína C reativa ( PCR ) por nefelometria Avaliou - se a associação entre estado nutricional e as variáveis estudadas por modelos bivariados e multivariados de regressão linear com significância p<0,05. A média de idade encontrada foi de 11,9±2,83 anos, sendo 6 0,9% do gênero feminino, 57,8% apresentou comprometimento do estado nutricional pelo IMC/I, 37,8% e 52,2% pela CMB e AMB respect ivamente e 15,6% baixa estatura . A DCT apresentou - se r eduzida em 17,8% dos pacientes , 26,1% das crianças estavam com percentual de gordura baixo segundo a equação de Slaughter, . A med ia da razão DCSe/DCT apresentou risco e/ou elevação da distribuição de gordura na região abdominal em 55,6% dos pacientes , 22,9% praticou de atividade física, 76,1% atingiu a recomendação de ingest ão energética, sendo significativamente maior no grupo de pacientes em risco ou desnutridos. A razão de ingestão de n6/n3 foi adequada mas os l ipídeos foram consumidos a baixo do percentual recomendado em 54,3% dos casos e os carboidratos ac ima em 32,6% . Os valores de PCR foram inferiores a 0,5mg/dL (prova inflamatória negativa) em 71,1% dos casos. A maioria , 52,2% e 62,5% dos pacientes desnutridos segundo a AMB e CMB respectivamente, possuía esta medida maior que 0,5mg/dL. O TNF - α e a Il 8 foram as únicas citocinas que se associaram de mod o significativo com o IMC. N a análise de regressão linear múltipla as variáveis estatisticamente significativas foram: IL - 8 , Atividade física e VET. Os desfechos estudados foram, percentual de g ordura, adequação do IMC , CMB e AMB. A análise dos compartimentos corporais foi o método mais sensível de avaliação do estado nutricional, o tecido gorduroso foi preservado e a ingestão calórica adequada não foi capaz de preservar a MCM o que sugere um mec anismo semelhante ao da caquexia. O consumo total de lipídeos ainda foi baixo apesar da sua importância para FC, com adequação da razão n6/n3. A dosagem sérica de citocinas não parecem demonstrar a inflamação sistêmica. A única citocina que se associou p ositivamente com o percentual de gordura corporal foi a IL - 8 e parece mais relacionada ao tecido adiposo visceral do que a inflamação presente na FC. Desta forma na FC também deve ser dada maior atenção aos fatores como a pratica da atividade física e ingestão alimentar principalmente de lipídeo, assim como a medida da adiposidade abdominal na avaliação nutricional para prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares.
Nutritional status is a prognostic marker in patients with Cystic Fibrosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the inflammatry status, physical activity and food intake of children and adolescents with CF. The stud y was observational, cross - sectional subjects followed by the Fernandes Figueira Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. We selected 46 patients from 8 to 18 years old with a confirmed diagnosis of CF. The nutritional status was made by anthropometric height/a ge and body mass index (BMI) in kg/m2 (WHO 2006). For body composition the equation of Slaughter (1988) was used, mid - upper arm circumference and upper arm muscle area and triceps skinfold thickness. Dietary intake was assessed by a 24 - hour dietary recall. Cytokines by ELISA and CRP for nefelometria evaluated the association between nutritional status and the variables studied by bivariate models and multivariate linear regression with significance p <0.05. The average age was 11.9 ± 2.83 years, 60.9% femal e, 57.8% had poor nutritional status by BMI/ I, 37.8% and 52.2% for the MUAC and UAM respectively an d 15.6% short stature. The TSF was presented reduced in 17.8% of patients and 26.1% according to the equation of Slaughte r. The average of the ratio SST / TSF showed a distribution of abdominal fat, 22.9% practiced physical activity, 76.1% reached the recommended energy intake, was significantly higher in patients at risk or malnourished. The ratio n6/n3 intake was adequate but lipids were consumed below the rec ommended percentage in 54.3% of cases and 32.6% up on carbohydrates. CRP values in 71.1% o f cases were less than 0.5 mg/ dL. Most malnourish ed patients according to the UMA and this measur e had CRP greater than 0.5 mg/dL. TNF - α and Il 8 were the only cyto kines that were associated significantly with BMI. After multiple linear regression analysis the variables were statistically significant: IL - 8 , Physical activity and VET. The body composition analysis was the most sensitive method for assessing the nutri tional status, the fat tissue was preserved and adequate caloric int ake was not able to preserve FFM suggesting a mechanism similar to cachexy . The total lipid was still low despite its im portance for CF , with adequacy ratio n6/n3. Serum cytokines do not a ppear to systemic inflammation. The only cytokine that was positively associated with body fat percentage was the IL - 8 and seems more related to visceral adipose tissue than inflammation present in CF. CRP may be a marker of malnutrition. Thus CF should also be given greater attention to environmental factors such as the practice of physical activity and food intake mainly lipid ,as the measurement of waist circumference in the nutritional assessment for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Dorison, Aude. „Le récepteur à domaine discoïdine de type 1 : un acteur majeur des pathologies rénales chroniques et aiguës“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066144/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRenal diseases lead to severe long-term complications of kidney function and only few preventive and therapeutic options exist. Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 (DDR1) is a non-integrin collagen receptor expressed in several cell types within the kidney. Its abnormal expression has a deleterious role in experimental chronic kidney diseases (CKD) by promoting renal inflammation and fibrosis.The inhibition of DDR1 stopped the progression of renal disease in two models of experimental CKD and protected renal function and structure in a model of acute kidney disease, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). DDR1 expression was strongly induced in proximal epithelial tubular cells (PETCs) after I/R. Moreover, isolated PETCs from DDR1 heterozygous mice after I/R did not acquire the pro-inflammatory phenotype displayed by PETCs from WT mice. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was responsible for DDR1 pathological expression in hypoxic PETCs after I/R through the activation of CHOP transcription factor. Interestingly, biopsies of transplant patients with prolonged ischemia during transplantation had a very similar expression profile of DDR1 in proximal tubules as in experimental I/R.Finally, DDR1 overexpression in epithelial tubular cells for four weeks, in a new conditional transgenic mouse model, led to the development of renal inflammation and fibrosis.To conclude, our results suggest that the genetically-induced or the pathological overexpression of DDR1 promotes renal inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, targeting DDR1 can be a promising strategy in the treatment of renal diseases
Arthur, Ataam Jennifer. „Mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires dans la dysfonction endothéliale dans l'hypertension pulmonaire post-embolique“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS246/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChronic ThromboEmbolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare and serious disease resulting from progressive mechanical obstruction of the pulmonary arteries causing a gradual increase in the mPAP (> 25 mmHg). This pathology has a surgical treatment: Pulmonary Endarterectomy. Mechanisms that involve the formation and persistence of thrombus leading to a fibrous vascular remodeling remain unknown. The pathogenesis of CTEPH is very similar to idiopathic PAH.This work has been able to demonstrate the abnormal phenotype of endothelial cells taken from thrombus of CTEPH and molecular anomalies in the origin of this dysfunction. Several molecular abnormalities are the cause of these functional disturbances including production and abnormal release of ICAM-1 and FGF-2. This work shows the key role of ICAM-1 protein through an autocrine loop maintains this dysfunction and the association of genotype KE disease (SNP Exon 6 E469K).This work also showed the important role of FGF-2 protein and the recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells in neovascularization observed in thrombus of CTEPH patients
Tarjus, Antoine. „Implication de la Lipocaline 2 dans les effets physiopathologiques du récepteur minéralocorticoïde dans le système cardiovasculaire“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066457/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Among the mechanisms involved in these pathologies, there is the activation of the mineralocorticoid signaling pathway. Our laboratory has previously identified Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) as a direct target of the aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) complex in the cardiovascular system. Lcn2, also called Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), is a circulating protein, a member of the lipocalin family. It is described as being involved in inflammation or as regulating the activity and stability of matrix metallopeptidase 9. The aim of this work is to investigate the possible involvement of Lcn2 in pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory pathological effects of aldosterone/MR complex in the cardiovascular system. For this purpose, mice with constitutive and overall Lcn2 inactivation (Lcn2 KO) and their littermates were subjected to a treatment mimicking overactivation of the mineralocorticoid pathway (nephrectomy-aldosterone-salt treatment) during 4 weeks. This work has highlighted the role of Lcn2 in the development of perivascular fibrosis and inflammation induced by the complex aldo/MR and in the blood pressure increase. However, Lcn2 is not involved in interstitial fibrosis or vascular dysfunction. The action of Lipocalin 2 in these pathological phenomena mechanisms remains to be elucidated. In conclusion, the results show the direct involvement of Lcn2 in the pro-fibrotic effects of aldo/MR complex in the cardiovascular system, suggesting a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular fibrosis
Côté, Nancy. „Étude des mécanismes d'inflammation, de fibrose et de calcification impliqués dans le développement de la sténose aortique. Importance des systèmes rénine-angiotensine et ecto-purinergique dans la sténose aortique“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29635/29635.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVömel, Christa Luise [Verfasser]. „Zusammenhang zwischen myokardialer Fibrose, Inflammation und Narben in den kontrastmittelverstärkten Spätaufnahmen in der kardialen Magnetresonanztomographie mit Abnormalitäten der Erregungsleitung im Elektrokardiogramm / Christa Luise Vömel“. Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1229691847/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelmas, Yahsou. „Plaquettes sanguines et pathologie inflammatoire du glomérule rénal : Rôle du CD154 plaquettaire dans l'activation de la cellule mésangiale“. Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21294.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBlood platelets are known to be key pathogenic mediators in the inflammatory mechanisms leading to kidney glomerulus injury. The recently described expression of CD154 on activated platelets open new perspectives to understand how platelets participate to glomerular inflammation, more specifically through the CD40-dependent activation of the mesangial cell. This question is debated through a review of the literature and a presentation of original data on the CD40-dependent activation of the mesangial cell by platelet-associated CD154 in systemic lupus erythematosus. A potential strategy to control inflammation in the kidney glomerulus could be the specific blocking of CD40 in the kidney. To this end we aim at using mesenchymal stem cells genetically modified to express a CD40 blocking peptide. This approach is a long-term one which needs the setting up of cell therapy new tools. We describe some of these tools and discuss their future development
Pinheiro, Clara Maria. „Efeito da estimulação elétrica sob a reinervação de músculos desnervados em ratos“. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8506.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Peripheral nerve injury disrupts the normal functions of neurons and leads to rapid and progressive alterations in structural skeletal muscle, such as muscle atrophy and fibrosis, causing functional deficits. Electrical stimulation (ES) has been recommended to treat denervated muscles. The best parameters of ES to minimize muscle atrophy due to denervation is controversial. Furthermore, it is not clear if ES can, in fact, affect reinnervation of denervated muscles. Thus, this thesis has two main objectives: 1) to verify if ES, applied to denervated muscles by surface electrodes, can affect neuromuscular recovery after nerve crush injury in rats; and 2) to assess the impact of ES on fibrosis establishment in denervated muscles. Two manuscripts were produced and used the same experimental groups. Thirtyfive Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) Normal (N); (2) 7-day denervation (D7d); (3) 7-day denervation and ES (DES7d); (4) 15-day denervation (D15d); and (5) 15-day denervation and ES (DES15d). Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle denervation was induced by crushing the sciatic nerve. The ES protocol to stimulate TA muscles consisted of: 200 contractions per day divided into 4 consecutive series of 50 contractions, with 10-minute rests between each set. The following parameters were used: exponential monophasic pulse; width time: 2x chronaxie; amplitude: motor level; time On: 3s and Off: 6s. The sciatic functional index was calculated. Muscle excitability was assessed considering the rheobasis, chonaxie and accommodation. Morphometric analyses, such as the muscle fiber cross-sectional area and percentage of connective tissue proliferation were used to characterize muscle morphology. Molecular markers related to reinnervation (neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM), neuromuscular junction organization and maintenance (MuSK, Dok-7 and nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (nAChR) subunits), muscle mass control (atrogin-1, MuRF1, myoD and myostatin), fibrosis (TGF-β and myostatin), extracellular matrix remodeling (metaloproteinases, MMPs) and inflammation (TWEAK/Fn14) were investigated by molecular biology techniques such as western-blot, qPCR or zymography. The main results showed ES impaired natural recovery of denervated muscles accentuating disability, muscle atrophy and fibrosis, as well as reducing muscle excitability. These morphofunctional and electrophysiological changes were related to different modulations of all molecular markers investigated in a timely manner. Overall, this thesis provides evidence that ES can delay the reinnervation process by modulating factors related to NMJ stability and organization, as well as induced disability and muscle atrophy, and decreased muscle excitability. In addition, ES applied to denervated muscles induced muscle fibrosis by modulating inflammatory pathways and also extracellular matrix production and remodeling. Warnings should be given to rehabilitation teams when recommending ES to treat denervated muscles.
A lesão nervosa periférica interrompe as funções normais dos neurônios e leva a alterações rápidas e progressivas no músculo esquelético, tais como a atrofia muscular e a fibrose, causando perdas funcionais. Para o tratamento dos músculos desnervados a estimulação elétrica (EE) tem sido utilizada. A escolha dos melhores parâmetros de EE para minimizar a atrofia muscular devido a desnervação, é controversa. Além disso, não está claro se a EE pode afetar, de fato, a reinervação de músculos desnervados. Assim, esta tese tem dois objetivos principais: 1) verificar se a EE, aplicada aos músculos desnervados com eletrodos de superfície, pode afetar a recuperação neuromuscular após axonotmese do nervo ciático em ratos; e 2) avaliar o impacto da EE no estabelecimento da fibrose do músculo desnervado. Dois manuscritos foram produzidos e contavam com os mesmos grupos experimentais. Trinta e cinco ratos Wistar foram divididos em 5 grupos: (1) Normal (N); (2) Desnervado 7 dias (D7d); (3) Desnervado e ES 7 (DES7d); (4) Desnervado 15 dias (D15d); e (5) Desnervado e ES 15 dias (DES15d). Foi realizada a axonotmese no nervo isquiático. O protocolo de EE do músculo tibial anterior consistiu em: 200 contrações por dia, divididas em 4 séries consecutivas de 50 contrações, com 10 minutos de descanso entre cada série. Foram utilizados os seguintes parâmetros: pulso monofásico exponencial; tempo: 2 vezes cronaxia; amplitude: nível motor; TON: 3s e TOFF: 6s. O índice funcional do ciático foi calculado. A excitabilidade muscular foi avaliada considerando a reobase, cronaxia e acomodação. Análises morfométricas, tais como área de secção transversa da fibra muscular e a porcentagem de proliferação do tecido conjuntivo foram utilizados para caracterizar a morfologia. Marcadores moleculares relacionados à reinervação como a N-CAM (molécula de adesão celular neural), organização e manutenção da junção neuromuscular (JNM) (MuSK, Dok-7 e receptores de acetilcolina), controle de massa muscular (atrogin-1, MuRF1, myoD e miostatina), fibrose (TGF-β e miostatina), remodelação da matriz extracelular (metaloproteinases) e, inflamação (TWEAK / Fn14) foram investigados por técnicas de biologia molecular como western-blot, qPCR ou zimografia. Os principais resultados mostraram que a EE provocou perda da recuperação natural dos músculos desnervados acentuando a perda funcional, a atrofia muscular e a fibrose, assim como, reduzindo a excitabilidade muscular. Estas alterações morfofuncionais e eletrofisiológicas foram relacionadas à diferentes modulações de todos os marcadores moleculares, no decorrer do tempo estudado. De modo geral, a presente tese forneceu provas de que a EE pode atrasar o processo de reinervação por fatores relacionados com a estabilidade e a organização da JNM, bem como a induzir à incapacidade e à atrofia muscular, com diminuição da excitabilidade muscular. Além disso, a EE aplicada aos músculos desnervados induziu fibrose através da modulação da via inflamatória e também pela produção e remodelamento da matriz extracelular. Cuidados devem ser tomadas pelas equipes de reabilitação ao utilizar a EE no tratamento de músculos desnervados.
Koike, Marcia Kiyomi. „A queda da pressão de perfusão coronariana implica em dano subendocárdico da região do miocárdio remota ao infarto e em disfunção do ventrículo esquerdo“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5159/tde-23112006-124950/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLeft ventricular (LV) subendocardial remodeling has been poorly investigated after myocardial infarction. Previously, we have demonstrated that low coronary driving pressure (CDP) early in the course of infarction was associated with the subsequent development of subendocardial fibrosis. The present study aimed at the investigation of the role of CDP in LV remodeling and function following infarction. Hemodynamics were determined in Wistar rats immediately after infarct surgery (MI group) or sham (SH group) and at days 1, 3, 7, and 28. Heart tissue sections were stained with HE, Sirius red and immunostained for a- actin. Two distinct LV regions remote to MI were examined: subendocardium (SE) and interstitium (INT). Myocyte necrosis, leukocyte and myofibroblast infiltration, and collagen volume fraction were determined. Compared with SH, MI groups showed lower CDP and LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Necrosis was evident in SE at day 1. Inflammation and fibroplasia occurred predominantly in SE as far as day 7. Fibrosis was restricted to SE and was evident beginning from day 3. Inflammation occurred predominantly at days 1 and 3 in INT, but at a lower extent than in SE. CDP fall was associated with progressive LV dilatation. In SE, CDP correlated inversely with necrosis (r = -0.65, p=0.003, at day 1), inflammation (r = -0.76, p < 0.001, at day 1), fibroplasia (r = -0.47, p = 0.04, at day 7) and fibrosis (r = -0.83, p < 0.001, at day 28). Necrosis at day 1, inflammation at days 3 and 7, and fibroplasia at day 7 correlated inversely with LV function. CDP is a key factor to SE integrity following infarction and interferes with LV remodeling and function.
Bernardi, Daniela Miotto 1986. „Aspectos nutricionais e buiquímicos da fibrose cística em paciente pediátricos = suplementação com um concentrado protéico do soro do leite bovino enriquecido com TGF-'beta' e lactoferrina“. [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255714.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A fibrose cística (FC) é caracterizada por intenso processo inflamatório, doença pulmonar obstrutiva, infecção das vias aéreas e má digestão/ má absorção de nutrientes e micronutrientes, sendo a nutrição determinante no prognóstico do paciente. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos imunológicos e nutricionais da suplementação de um concentrado protéico do soro do leite bovino (whey protein concentrate - WPC), enriquecido com TGF-ß e lactoferrina, em pacientes pediátricos com fibrose cística, bem como realizar perfil imunológico e nutricional destes pacientes. Métodos: O ensaio clínico de intervenção nutricional foi prospectivo, randomizado, duplo cego com placebo e teve duração de 4 meses. As crianças que participaram eram atendidas no Ambulatório Pediátrico de FC, do Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP, na faixa etária entre 3 e 12 anos e escore de Shwachman entre moderado e bom. Quarenta e cinco crianças iniciaram a suplementação e apenas 28 finalizaram, sendo 15 no grupo WPC-TGFß e 13 no grupo caseína (placebo). Foram incluídas 17 crianças saudáveis como grupo controle para as análises bioquímicas e imunológicas. Os suplementos (placebo e teste) foram submetidos às análises centesimais e microbiológicas. A avaliação dos pacientes ao longo da suplementação foi realizada em três tempos (T0=antes da suplementação, T1=depois de 2 meses e T2= no final do quarto mês). Determinaram-se os níveis de glutationa nos eritrócitos, a produção de radicais reativos de oxigênio (ROS) e de citocinas em sobrenadante de cultura de sangue periférico (TNF-a, IFN-?, IL-8, IL-6, IL-10), concentração de TGF-ß2 no soro, imunoglobulinas séricas (IgA, IgG, IgM e IgE) e IgA na saliva, cultura do escarro, níveis de albumina e pré-albumina, avaliação antropométrica e de ingestão alimentar. Em relação à análise estatística, os dados paramétricos foram analisados com o teste-T e ANOVA para amostras pareadas e os dados não paramétricos foram testados por Mann-Whitney e Friedman. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: Em relação aos sistemas antioxidante e oxidante em sangue periférico, verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa entre fibrocísticos e indivíduos saudáveis. A produção espontânea de TNF-a, IL-6, IL-10 estava aumentada na FC assim como a produção de IL-6 em resposta à PHA, a concentração de TGF-ß2, IgA e IgM no soro e a concentração sanguínea de leucócitos. Por outro lado, os indivíduos saudáveis tiveram maior produção de TNF-a em resposta ao estímulo pela BCG. Houve baixo índice de desnutrição nos participantes. A suplementação com WPCTGFß não influenciou de forma significativa na concentração de GSH, imunoglobulinas, na infecção das vias aéreas e no estado nutricional. Em relação à GSH embora a mudança não tenha sido significativa, observou-se uma tendência de aumento gradual ao longo da suplementação. A suplementação também provocou um aumento significativo na produção basal de ROS pelos granulócitos, uma redução na produção de TNF-a em sobrenadante de cultura em resposta à PHA, além de reduzir momentaneamente (T1) a produção de IL-10 na presença de PHA. Observou-se atenuação da diferença estatística existente para TGF-ß2, antes da suplementação, nos dois grupos. Houve um aumento do número de eritrócitos e de hemoglobina, provavelmente pela ação da lactoferrina. Conclusão: O presente trabalho mostrou que a criança clinicamente estável com FC consegue manter um balanço oxidante e antioxidante normal. As altas concentrações de TNF-a e de IL-6 demandaram uma maior produção de IL-10, que também pode ter sido a responsável pela resposta TH1 eficiente para BCG, expresso pela produção normal de IFN-?. A maior produção de IgA e IgM confirmam um sistema imune adaptativo normal frente ao estimulo freqüente da colonização bacteriana nesses indivíduos. Existem indícios nos resultados de que a suplementação à longo prazo em crianças ainda não colonizadas poderia ser mais eficiente, o que somente poderia ser elucidado por meio de novos estudos
Abstract: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by an intense inflammatory process, pulmonary obstruction, airway infection and gastrointestinal symptoms resulting maldigestion/ malabsorption of nutrients, and as a consequence nutrition is a determinant on the patient's prognostic. The aims were to evaluate the effect of supplementation with a WPC enriched with TGF-ß and lactoferrin, in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis. Methods: The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, prospective clinical trial of nutritional intervention with four months of duration. Children were recruited from the Pediatric Outpatient Unit, at UNICAMP Clinical Hospital, aged between 3 and 12 years and Shwachman score between moderate and good. The study group started with 45 children, nevertheless, it ended with 28 subjects: 15 of WPC-TGF ß group and 13 of casein group (placebo). Seventeen healthy children were also used as a control group. The supplements (placebo and test) were submitted to centesimal and microbiological analysis. The supplementation was done during four months with three assessments (T0= before starting the supplementation, T1= with two months of supplementation and T2= at the end the 4th months of supplementation) with appraisal of: erythrocyte glutathione concentration, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by granulocytes, cytokines (TNF-a, IFN-?, IL-8, IL-6, IL-10) concentration in supernatants from cultures under spontaneous condition, PHA and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, levels of serum TGF-ß2, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM and IgE), albumin and prealbumin, salivary IgA, sputum culture, anthropometric measurements and food intake. For statistical analysis, the parametric data were analyzed with T-test and ANOVA and nonparametric data, with Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests. The level of significance was 5%. Results: There was no statistical difference between CF patients and healthy subjects in relation to oxidant and antioxidant system in peripheral blood. The spontaneous production of TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-10, production of IL-6 in response to PHA, TGF-ß2, IgA and IgM in serum and counting white blood cells was increased in CF patients. Furthermore, healthy individuals responded better to secretion of TNF-a in response to BCG stimulation. A low incidence of malnutrition was observed. Supplementation with WPC-TGF ß did not have an influence on concentration of glutathione, immunoglobulins, infection of airways and nutritional status. Regarding GSH although the change was not significant, there was a trend of gradual increase during the supplementation. Furthermore, increased basal stimulation of granulocytes for the production of ROS reduced the production of TNF-a in culture supernatants in response to PHA, slightly reduced the production of IL-10 (T1) in response to PHA and also attenuated the statistical difference existing for TGF-ß2, prior to supplementation, in both groups. The ability to increase the total number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin was attributed to lactoferrin present in the supplement. Conclusion: This study showed that clinically stable CF children could maintain a normal oxidant and antioxidant balance. The high concentrations of TNF-a and IL-6 require a higher production of IL-10, which may have also been responsible for the efficient TH1 response to BCG, expressed by IFN-?. The higher production of IgA and IgM confirm a normal adaptive immune system against bacterial colonization in these patients. It is suggested that supplementation for longer period of children not yet colonized lead to better results than the ours obtained, however, only further study could elucidate such an hypothesis
Mestrado
Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição
Dias, Davidson Furtado. „Avaliação do papel do óxido nítrico no comprometimento da função pulmonar e hiper-reatividade das vias aéreas em camundongos estimulados com sílica“. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9193.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSilicose é uma doença pulmonar causada pela inalação de partículas de sílica, na qual vários são os mediadores inflamatórios implicados. Neste estudo investigamos o envolvimento do óxido nítrico (NO) nas alterações de função pulmonar e hiper-reatividade das vias aéreas, em camundongos estimulados com sílica por via intranasal. Foram analisados parâmetros como i) função pulmonar (resistência e elastância) e hiper-reatividade das vias aéreas ao aerossol com metacolina (3 27 mg/mL) através de sistema de pletismografia invasiva, e ii) alterações morfológicas, mediante técnicas clássicas de histologia e imuno-histoquímica. Verificamos que a instilação de partículas de sílica (10 mg) causou aumento nos níveis basais de resistência e elastância pulmonar, bem como de hiper-reatividade das vias aéreas à metacolina, em tempos que variaram de 2 a 28 dias. Observamos uma correlação temporal com as alterações morfológicas no tecido pulmonar, que refletiram presença de resposta inflamatória e infiltrado celular intenso, seguidos de progressiva fibrose e formação de granulomas. Os tempos de 7 e 28 dias pós-estimulação com sílica foram selecionados para os ensaios subsequentes, por corresponderem às fases aguda e crônica da silicose experimental, respectivamente. Foram detectados níveis elevados de óxido nítrico (NO), bem como de peroxinitrito/expressão da enzima iNOS no lavado broncoalveolar e no tecido pulmonar de camundongos estimulados com sílica, respectivamente. Em outro grupo de experimentos, observamos que camundongos depletados para o gene codificante para a enzima NOS induzida (iNOS) apresentaram abolidas as respostas de aumento nos níveis basais de resistência e elastância pulmonares, bem como da hiper-reatividade das vias aéreas à metacolina em comparação aos animais selvagens (C57BL/6). A inibição da resposta inflamatória e fibrótica granulomatosa foi também notada no caso dos animais nocautes para iNOS. O tratamento com 1400W, um inibidor da enzima iNOS, diminui de forma marcada as alterações de função pulmonar e fibrose tecidual verificadas nos camundongos silicóticos. Em conclusão, nossos resultados mostram que o comprometimento da função pulmonar, representado pelo aumento na resistência/elastância e hiper-reatividade das vias aéreas, mostraram-se correlacionados à maior geração de NO e de peroxinitrito, assim como da expressão da enzima iNOS. A depleção do gene codificante ou, ainda, o bloqueio da enzima iNOS aboliram a resposta de comprometimento da função pulmonar e fibrose tecidual na silicose experimental. Em conjunto estes achados indicam que o NO parece ser um mediador importante no contexto da silicose, colocando-se como um alvo terapêutico em potencial no tratamento de doenças de caráter fibrótico.
Silicosis is a lung disease caused by inhalation of silica particles, which is dependent on several inflammatory mediators. In this study we investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the alteration of lung function and airways hyperreactivity caused by intranasal silica stimulation in mice. The parameters analyzed included: i) lung function (resistance and elastance) and airways hyperreactivity to aerosolized methacholine (3 - 27 mg/mL) by invasive plethysmography, and ii) morphological changes, by classical histological techniques and immunohistochemistry. We found that the instillation of silica particles (10 mg) caused an increase in the baseline levels lung of resistance and elastance and airways hyperreactivity to methacholine, from 2 to 28 days. We noted that there was a temporal correlation with morphological changes in lung tissue, which reflected the presence of an intense inflammatory cell infiltrate, followed by progressive fibrosis and granuloma formation. The time-points of 7 and 28 days post-silica stimulation were chosen for subsequent experiments, because they corrrespond to acute and chronic phases of experimental silicosis, respectively. Higher levels of nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite as well as iNOS expression were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissue of silica-stimulated mice stimulated, respectively. In another group of experiments, we observed that mice depleted for the gene encoding for inducible NOS (iNOS) had the responses of increased basal levels of resistance and elastance lung and airways hyperreactivity abolished as compared to wildtype animals (C57BL/6). Inhibition of the inflammatory and fibrotic granulomatous responses were also inhibited in the case iNOS knockout mice. Treatment with the iNOS inhibitor 1400W markedly suppressed changes in lung function and tissue fibrosis observed in silicotic mice. In conclusion, our results show that suppression of lung function failure, including increased in resistance/elastance as well as airways hyperreactivity were correlated with NO and peroxynitrite generation as well as the iNOS expression. The depletion of the gene encoding to or inhibition of iNOS enzymatic activity abolished the response of lung function and tissue fibrosis in experimental silicosis. Together, these findings indicate that NO is an important mediator in the context of silicosis and suggest that it can be considered a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of fibrotic diseases.
Dupont, Claire. „Séquelles anatomiques et fonctionnelles des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin (MICI) de l'enfant“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR065.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe course of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s diseae, ulcerative colitis and IBDD unclassified) can be complicated by structural or functional sequelae. Structural complications include intestinal fibrosis which can cause bowel strictures. IBD can be associated with functional abdominal pain persisting despite remission of inflammation. The purpose of our work was to determine the burden of these complications and search for association with previous severity of inflammation, based on!two clinical studies and two animal models. In the first study, TFI-MICI, we showed that 20% of children and adolescents with IBD in clinical and biochemical Remission had functional gastrointestinal disorders, among which 15% had functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD). FAPD was! Ssociated with increased fatigue, depressive symptoms and reduced quality of life, but not with anxiety. There was no association between the severity of IBD and presence of FAPD. The second study, STENO-PED, focused on imaging and clinical predictors of response!to treatment in children and adolescents with stricturing small bowel Crohn’s disease. We showed that the predictors for surgery were a dilation proximal to the stricture of >30mm, and a PCDAI score at diagnosis of stricture > 22.5. Receiving an anti-TNFα treatment after diagnosis of stricture was a protective factor from surgery. Experimental models allowing to follow the progression of fibrosis along with inflammation and assess response to Treatment are lacking, in particular for pre-pubertal animals. We adapted to Sprague-Dawley pre-pubertal rats a model of acute (1 dose of! TNBS) and chronic (3 doses of TNBS) hapten-induced colitis. The rats in both models developed significant inflammation, based on histology and magnetic resonance colonography. Rats in the chronic colitis model developed histologic fibrosis. There was a non-significant trend to fibrosis in the acute model. !We treated rats in both models with MODULEN IBD® from induction of colitis to collection of colonic samples. This treatment did not reverse inflammation nor fibrosis. Fibrosis and functional abdominal pain in pediatric-onset IBD are two important problems, although functional pain appeared to be not more frequent than in the general population. Animal models could be of great assistance in order to better decipher the link between inflammation and fibrosis, and see if an effective early suppression of inflammation along with new anti-fibrotic therapies could halt the progression of fibrosis
Al, Haj Zen Ayman. „Evaluation du potentiel thérapeutique de la décorine dans la répartition artérielle : applications dans l' athérosclérose et la resténose post-angioplastie“. Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077088.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSturm, Nathalie. „Etude phénotypique et fonctionnelle des lymphocytes intra-hépatiques dans l'hépatite chronique virale C et le carcinome hépatocellulaire“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649495.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoublier, Sophie. „Rôles respectifs de l'axe hormone de croissance (GH) / insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-I) et de la somatostatine dans le développement de l'inflammation et de la fibrose glomérulaires“. Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGH plays a role in the development of glomerulosclerosis. We addressed two questions: (1) does GH-associated kidney damage depend on GH binding to the known GH receptor?, (2) does GH act independently of IGF-1? To investigate whether GH-associated kidney damage depends on GH binding to the known GH receptor, diabetes was induced in mice in which the gene for the GH receptor/binding protein had been disrupted (GHRIBP-KO mice). GHRIBP-KO mice ppeared to be protected from diabetes-induced glomerulosclerosis. In other respects, because IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) modulate IGF actions and, bence, GH secretion, we assessed whether mice transgenic for human IGFBP-1 have altered susceptibility to glomerulosclerosis. By reducing IGF-1 bioavailability, IGFBP-1 overexpression limits potentially the negative feedback exerted by circulating IGF-1 on GH secretion and, bence, may worsen GR-dependent glomerulosclerosis. We observed an expansion of extracellular matrix area in homozygous IGFBP-1 transgenic mice at 3 months of age. This was related to a marked increase in !aminin and type IV collagen and to the appearance of type 1 collagen. These changes were not associated with glomerular hypertrophy and hypercellularity. Because nephron reduction at birth can be involved in the development of glomerulosclerosis, we then investigated the impact of IGFBP-1 overexpression on renal development, in particular on the nephron number. When only patemal allele was expressed in the transgenic mice, we observed a 20% reduction in the nephron number. When IGFBP-1 was expressed in the mother, and whatever genotypesof the fetuses were (homozygous, heterozygous or non-transgenic), an intrauterine growth retardation was present in offspring, inducing a reduction in the nephron number to the same extent. As 20% nephron reduction occured in sorne groups of mice which did not develop glomerulosclerosis in adulthood, nephron reduction does not account for the development of glomerulosclerosis in mice transgenic for IGFBP-1. Somatostatin has anti-inflammatory actions, partly by increasing glucocorticoid responsiveness in target cells. To evaluate whether this effect is mediated by up-regulating GR expression, we studied the role of somatostatin on glucocorticoid binding and signaling in macrophage cellline RAW 264. 7. Somatostatin promoted a time- and dose-dependent increase in [3H] dexamethasone binding. Cell exposure to 10 nM somatostatin for 18 h promoted a 2-fold increase in the number of GR sites per cell without significant modification of the affinity. Analysis of GR heterocomplex components demonstrated that somatostatin increased the level of GR-associated heat shock protein (Hsp) 90, by limiting its calpain-dependent cleavage. Somatostatin exerts its function through binding to a family of five G protein-coupled receptors (sst1 to sst5). We then tried to identify somatostatin receptors involved in the anti-inflammatory activity of somatostatin in macrophages. By reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, the mRNA for the receptor subtypes sst1, sst2 and sst3 could be detected in RAW 264. 7 macrophages. Binding assays on macrophages of mice in which the gene for the sst2 had been disrupted and of control mice showed a specifie somatostatin binding which did not involved sst2
Maurício, Adriana Fogagnolo 1987. „Efeito do ômega-3 em músculos de animais distróficos da linhagem mdx“. [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317764.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Na Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) e no camundongo mdx, modelo experimental da DMD, a ausência de distrofina promove instabilidade do sarcolema e degeneração muscular progressiva. O processo inflamatório que se instala contribui de forma significativa para a fisiopatologia da doença, sendo que antiinflamatórios esteroides são amplamente utilizados para a terapia da DMD. Entretanto, em decorrência da sua ação pouco efetiva e dos efeitos colaterais outras drogas são investigadas com o objetivo de substituir o uso dos corticoides. Em estudo prévio, demonstramos que o ácido eicosapentaenoico, em uma forma altamente purificada, atenuou a mionecrose em músculos esqueléticos de camundongos mdx durante os estágios iniciais da doença. No presente trabalho, verificamos se diferentes formas de ácidos graxos disponíveis comercialmente para o consumo humano (cápsulas de ômega-3 e sementes de linhaça) também teriam efeito protetor nos músculos distróficos, principalmente nos estágios tardios da doença, em que há comprometimento do músculo cardíaco. Animais mdx jovens (14 dias de idade) receberam ômega-3 diariamente, durante 16 dias, via gavagem. Animais mdx idosos (8 meses de idade) receberam sementes de linhaça durante 5 meses. Animais controle mdx, jovens e idosos, receberam óleo mineral e nenhum complemento alimentar, respectivamente. Nos animais jovens, o ômega-3 melhorou a distrofinopatia, reduzindo a mionecrose e o processo inflamatório no músculo mais afetado, o diafragma. Nos animais idosos, a linhaça resultou em melhora da distrofinopatia no diafragma. Entretanto, a fibrose cardíaca, que caracteriza morfologicamente a cardiomiopatia dos animais idosos mdx, não foi alterada pela linhaça, provavelmente devido a diferenças de metabolismo de ácidos graxos entre os músculos esquelético e cardíaco. Sugere-se que ácidos graxos ômega-3, em formulações disponibilizadas comercialmente para uso humano, são potencialmente úteis para o tratamento das distrofinopatias dos músculos estriados esqueléticos, nos estágios inicial e tardio da doença
Abstract: In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and in the mdx mice model of DMD, absence of dystrophin promotes instability of the sarcolemma and progressive muscle degeneration. The inflammatory process contributes significantly to the pathophysiology of the disease. Anti-inflammatory steroids are widely used for DMD therapy. However, due to its ineffective action and their side effects, other drugs are investigated in order to replace the use of corticosteroids. Previously, we have demonstrated that eicosapentaenoic acid in a highly purified form inhibit myonecrosis in skeletal muscles of mdx mice during the early stages of the disease. In the present study, we have verified whether different forms of commercially available fatty acids for human (capsules of omega-3 and flaxseed) would also have a protective effect in dystrophic muscles, especially in the later stages of the disease, when cardiac muscle is also affected. Young mdx mice (14 days old) received omega-3 daily for 16 days via gavage. Older mdx mice (8 months old) received flaxseed for 5 months. mdx control group, young and old, received mineral oil and no food supplement, respectively. In young mice, omega-3 inhibits the dystrophinopathy, reducing myonecrosis and inflammatory process in the most affected muscle, the diaphragm. In aged animals, flaxseed resulted in improvement of dystrophinopathy only in the diaphragm. In the dystrophic heart, flaxseed did not inhibit fibrosis, which is a feature of cardiomyopathy in older mdx mice. Possibly, differences in fatty acid metabolism between skeletal and cardiac muscles may explain these differential results. It is concluded that omega-3 fatty acids commercially available for human use are potentially useful for the treatment of skeletal muscle dystrophinopathy, during early and late stages of the disease
Mestrado
Anatomia
Mestre em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
Barros, Layene Peixoto. „O potencial diagnóstico da fetuina-A sérica como biomarcador para distúrbios metabólicos associados à esteatose hepática não-alcoólica“. Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183469.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleResumo: Fetuina-A é uma glicoproteína multifuncional, sintetizada pelo fígado como proteína de fase aguda. Atua na inibição da cascata da insulina, e estimula a síntese de citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Assim, sugere-se que a fetuina-A esteja envolvida na patogênese da doença gordurosa hepática não-alcoólica (DGHNA), constituindo-se em um dos seus indicadores. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar as concentrações de fetuina-A na DGHNA e sua associação com distúrbios metabólicos, bem como, com o risco de fibrose hepática, e doença cardiovascular (DCV), mediante marcadores bioquímicos. Para tanto, foi realizado estudo transversal com mulheres ingressantes em programa para mudança do estilo de vida. Foram avaliadas 148 mulheres com idade entre 35 a 78 anos, as quais foram submetidas às avaliações clínicas, sócio-demográfica, antropométrica, de consumo alimentar e análises bioquímicas. O nível de significância considerado foi p<0,05. Verificou-se DGHNA, pelo Índice de Gordura Hepática (IGH≥60), em 55,4% das mulheres. Fetuina-A sérica correlacionou-se positivamente com Índice de Massa Corporal, circunferência abdominal, IGH e proteína C-reativa ultra-sensível (PCR-us). A proporção de mulheres com resistência insulínica (RI) pelo modelo homeostático de resistência à insulina (HOMA-IR) foi maior dentre os valores maiores (Tercil 3) de fetuina-A, comparativamente, aos menores valores (Tercil 1). Resultado análogo foi encontrado para a PCR-us, mas não para proteína ligadora de lipopol... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Fetuin-A is a multifunctional glycoprotein, synthesized by the liver as a acute phase protein. It acts in insulin cascade inhibition, and stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokines. It is postulated that fetuin-A is involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis, as one of its indicators. The present study aims to investigate fetuin-A concentration in NAFLD and its association with metabolic disturbers, as well as with hepatic fibrosis risk, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), through biochemical markers. For that, a cross-sectional study was carried out with women entering a lifestyle modification program. We evaluate 148 women, with age that range from 35 to 78 years old that were submitted to clinical, sociodemographic, anthropometric, food consumption and biochemical evaluation. The statistical significance considered was p<0,05. We verified that NAFLD, measured by Fatty Liver Index (FLI ≥60), was found in 55.4% of women. Serum fetuin-A was positively correlated with Body Mass Index, waist circumference, FLI and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The proportion of women with insulin resistance (IR) by insulin resistance homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), was higher among the higher values (Tercil 3) of fetuin-A, compared to the lowest values (Tercil 1). Analog results were found to hs-CRP, but not to lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), albuminemia and hepatic fibrosis. After adjustments, HOMA-IR and hs-CRP altered, constitute independent... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Amamou, Asma. „Le récepteur minéralocorticoide : une cible potentielle dans la fibrose intestinale ? Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonisl improves inflammation and fibrosis in chronic DSS colitis mouse model Neutrophil gelatinas-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a mineralocorticoid receptor target involved in intestinal inflammation and fibrosis Inflammatory bowel diseases and food additives : to add fuel on the flames Dietary salt activates intestinal fibroblasts, thereby contributing to exacerbation of intestinal fibrosis Dietary aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands have no anti-fibrotic properties in transforming growth factor-β1-stimulated human colonic fibroblasts Effet d'un régime riche en sel sur la fibrose intestinale dans un modèle murin de colite chronique Etude de l'interaction entre des dérivés du tryptophane et le récepteur aryl hydrocarbone dans un modèle in vitro de fibrose intestinale“. Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR079.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) occur in people with a genetic predisposition under the influence of environmental factors. Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication in IBD with no specific therapy which is characterized by an accumulative deposit of extra-cellular matrix produced by mesenchymal cells. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is the final effector of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). MR and all components of RAAS are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and are up-regulated in the intestine from IBD patients. MR antagonism exerts beneficial properties in inflammation and fibrosis from extra-intestinal organs. We aimed to investigate whether MR antagonism had beneficial effects in intestinal fibrogenesis using murine chronic colitis and cellular models of intestinal fibrosis. MR antagonism was investigated by a dual approach using pharmacological inhibition and genetic invalidation. In the present study, we have demonstrated that pharmacological or genetic MR antagonism reduced inflammation and intestinal fibrosis in murine DSS chronic chemically-induced colitis. MR activation by aldosterone increased cell proliferation and TGF-β1 production in human colonic fibroblasts and human intestinal endothelial cells. Lipocalin associated with neutrophil gelatinase (NGAL) mediated pro-fibrotic effects via the activation of RM by aldosterone. Genetic invalidation of NGAL also reduced the SMAD-dependent TGF-β1 signaling pathway. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the MR involvement in intestinal fibrosis and these effects are mediated through NGAL. Thus, MR antagonism may represent a novel attractive approach in the treatment of intestinal fibrosis associated with IBD and may allow the repositioning molecules already available in the field of IBD
Magalhães, Andréa Olivares. „Papel do fósforo e do paratormônio na progressão da doença renal crônica“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5148/tde-04042008-142314/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntroduction: The mechanisms involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), regardless of its etiology, have yet to be well elucidated. Serum phosphorus control is an essential target to be achieved in the treatment of patients with CKD. Initially, the importance of this control was attributed to the participation of phosphorus (P) in the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism. It is currently known that hyperphosphatemia increases mortality in these patients. Disturbances of the mineral metabolism participate in the progression of CKD; however, the mechanisms involved in pathophysiology remain unclear. Objective: To evaluate the isolated effect of phosphorus overload and different PTH concentrations in the progression of kidney disease in uremic rats. Materials and methods: Adult male Wistar rats were submitted to parathyroidectomy and nephrectomy 5/6; subsequently, we implanted mini osmotic pumps with different concentrations of PTH or vehicle. We carried out 2 experiments. Experiment 1: Animals who received diets with different P contents (1.2% or 0.2% rich and poor diet, respectively). These animals received infusion of PTH solution (1-34 rat PTH 0.022/100g/h). In experiment 2, the animals received the same diets; however, with high PTH infusion (1-34 rat PTH 0.11/100g/h). Control animals (control group and sham) were the same for both experiments. Food intake of the animals was controlled by pair feeding, and caudal artery pressure (CAP) was measured weekly. After 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed. Creatinine, phosphorus, calcium, PTH and hematocrit were analyzed. Interstitial fibrosis (IF), glomerular sclerosis (GS), and number of apoptotic cells were quantified in the renal tissue. ED-1 expression, alfa-actin, angiotensin II and TGF-beta were evaluated in the renal tissue, as well. Results: NX animals that received infusion of PTH solution and P-rich diet developed more IF and GS, and greater ED-1 expression. The animals that received high PTH infusion presented higher tensional levels. A correlation was demonstrated between inflammatory markers (TGF-beta and Angio II) confirming the association between these factors in the fibrogenesis process. The number of apoptotic cells was higher in NX groups that received PTH in high concentration. Conclusion: In this study, phosphorus overload acted in the progression of CKD activating inflammatory pathways; in addition, excess PTH worsened arterial hypertension.
Maurice, Kelly. „Propriétés biochimiques, enzymatiques et physiologiques de la Human Airway Trypsin-like protease (HAT)“. Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4046.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMergler, Stefan, Monika Valtink, Sumioka Takayoshi, Yuka Okada, Masayasu Miyajima, Shizuya Saika und Peter S. Reinach. „Temperature-Sensitive Transient Receptor Potential Channels in Corneal Tissue Layers and Cells“. Karger, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71636.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMühlstedt, Silke. „Characterization of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and glycoprotein nmb (GPNMB) in cardiac pathophysiology“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16670.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIschemic heart diseases are a major cause of death worldwide due to the postmitotic state of the heart. The chemokine SDF-1 is one of the most promising novel therapeutic targets due to its ability to attract leukocytes and stem cells. However, the role of different cardiac cell types in this process remains elusive and underlying mechanisms have been controversially discussed. To clarify the role of SDF-1 and its receptor CXCR4 in myocardial regeneration, we generated transgenic rats overexpressing SDF-1 in cardiomyocytes. The function of the heart at baseline was not altered in these rats, whereas the induction of myocardial infarction resulted in impaired cardiac function and remodeling. This finding was accompanied by increased fibrosis, neutrophil blood counts and macrophage infiltration into the heart. On the other hand, stem cell recruitment and neovascularization were not altered in SDF-1 transgenic rats. In conclusion, our findings confirm that the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis can have adverse effects by affecting the inflammatory state of the healing heart. In addition, a microarray-based screening was conducted in rat hearts after myocardial infarction with the aim to discover yet unknown molecules involved in cardiac repair. This screening yielded GPNMB, a glycoprotein known to be involved in inflammatory and fibrotic processes after tissue injury. We studied the protein further using DBA/2J mice that lack functional levels of GPNMB. While the cardiac function was normal in these mice at baseline, induction of myocardial infarction revealed a preservation of cardiac function, less dilatation as well as higher red blood cell and hemoglobin levels. Moreover, the absence of GPNMB resulted in an altered activity and distribution of macrophages. We also found increased levels of GPNMB in plasma of patients after myocardial infarction. In conclusion, our findings suggest that GPNMB might constitute a novel therapeutic target and biomarker of acute ischemic heart diseases.