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1
Suresh, Harsha, Vincent Ho und Jerry Zhou. „Rheological Characteristics of Soluble Fibres during Chemically Simulated Digestion and their Suitability for Gastroparesis Patients“. Nutrients 12, Nr. 8 (17.08.2020): 2479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082479.
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Dietary fibres are an integral part of a balanced diet. Consumption of a high-fibre diet confers many physiological and metabolic benefits. However, fibre is generally avoided by individuals with gastrointestinal motility disorders like gastroparesis due to increased likelihood of exacerbated symptoms. Low-viscosity soluble fibres have been identified as a possible source of fibre tolerable for these individuals. The aim of this study is to determine the rheological properties of 10 common commercially available soluble fibres in chemically simulated digestive conditions and evaluate their suitability for individuals with mild to moderate gastroparesis, a gastric motility disorder. Rheological testing under neutral condition (distilled water pH 7) and chemically simulated gastric digestion were evaluated to determine the yield point and relative viscosity of each fibre. Our results reveal two rheological categories of soluble fibres; pseudoplastic and dilatant. Simulated digestion was shown to significantly alter the yield-points of psyllium husk, iota-carrageenan, beta-glucan, apple-fibre pectin, and inulin. Gum Arabic and partially hydrolysed guar gum showed the lowest viscosities and were not affected under simulated digestion, characteristics that make them potential candidate fibres for patients with gastroparesis. Altogether, our results demonstrate that digestion can have a significant impact on fibre viscosity and should be taken into consideration when evaluating the suitability of fibres for patients with gastric motility disorders.
2
Stanogias, George, und G. R. Pearcet. „The digestion of fibre by pigs“. British Journal of Nutrition 53, Nr. 3 (Mai 1985): 513–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19850061.
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1. The effects of the amount and the type of dietary fibre on the apparent digestibility (AD) by growing pigs of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) and NDF components, on nitrogen balance and on the rate of passage of digesta were studied using a semi-purified basal diet and fibre in the forms of soya-bean hulls, lupin (Lupinus sp.) hulls, pea (Pisum sativum) hulls, wheat bran, maize hulls, maize cobs, oat hulls and lucerne (Medicago sativa) stems.2. Both the amount and the type of dietary fibre significantly influenced the AD of dietary dry matter, N and energy. The AD of NDF and of NDF components was markedly affected by the type and the amount of fibre in the diet. The proportion of NDF digested ranged from 0.016 to 0.905, of cellulose from 0.026 to 0.931 and of hemicellulose from 0.010 to 0.999.3. N retention by the pigs ranged from 12.9 to 25.8 g/d and with some fibres there was a tendency towards increased N retention with increasing intakes of NDF.4. Rate of passage of digesta, expressed as the 50 and 95% excretion times of stained feed particles, ranged from 22.2 to 85.1 h and 40.0 to 117.1 h respectively. Large individual variations in rate of passage occurred but, in general, the rate of passage tended to increase with increasing intakes of NDF. No strong associations between the rate of passage of digesta and apparent digestibility of NDF components were observed.5. The results suggest that the extent of fibre digestibility depends predominantly on the origin of the fibre and to a lesser extent on the amount of fibre in the diet.
3
Cazemier, Anne E., Huub J. M. Op den Camp, Johannes H. P. Hackstein und Godfried D. Vogels. „Fibre Digestion in Arthropods“. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 118, Nr. 1 (September 1997): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9629(96)00443-4.
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Vong, M. H., und M. L. Stewart. „In vitro bacterial fermentation of tropical fruit fibres“. Beneficial Microbes 4, Nr. 3 (01.09.2013): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2013.0006.
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Tropical fruits such as mango, papaya, pineapple and banana are rich sources of dietary fibre. However, few studies have examined the potential physiological effects of fibre from these tropical fruits. The aim of this study was to characterise the fermentability of dietary fibre found in banana, papaya, pineapple and mango as an estimate of the physiological effects of consuming these fruits. Freeze-dried fruit was subjected to in vitro digestion to remove digestible carbohydrates. Digestion residues were freeze-dried prior to fermentation. In vitro fermentation was carried for 24 h under anaerobic conditions to simulate conditions in the large intestine. Gas volume, pH and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration were measured at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. SCFAs were analysed by gas chromatography. There was no gas production from 0 to 8 h time points for all samples. Mango fibre resulted in more gas at 12 and 24 h than pineapple, papaya and banana fibres. The slurry pH was significantly lower for mango fibre at 12 and 24 h compared to other samples. Mango fibre resulted in significantly more propionate at 8 h compared to papaya and pineapple fibres. Butyrate concentrations were only significantly different at 4 h. At 24 h total and individual SCFA production did not differ among samples. All fruit fibres were fermentable, with mango fibre being the most rapidly fermented. Additional work is necessary to confirm a benefit on digestive health.
5
Gilbert, Harry J., und Geoffrey P. Hazlewood. „Genetic modification of fibre digestion“. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 50, Nr. 2 (01.08.1991): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns19910028.
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Boctor, Dana. „The role of dietary fibre and prebiotics in the paediatric diet“. Paediatrics & Child Health 25, Nr. 4 (Juni 2020): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxaa032.
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Abstract Dietary fibres are resistant to digestion and absorption. Prebiotics are fermentable dietary fibres that confer health benefits through their effects on microbiome composition and activity. The range of physiological benefits from consuming dietary fibres is broad. Encouraging children to eat fibre-rich foods promotes a nutrient-dense diet. Introducing a variety of dietary fibre sources to young children helps establish future dietary choices and a more diverse intestinal microbiota. Low-fibre intake is associated with a higher prevalence of constipation and obesity.
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Dawson, Terence J., Peter J. Whitehead, Adam McLean, F. D. Fanning und William R. Dawson. „Digestive function in Australian magpie geese (Anseranas semipalmata)“. Australian Journal of Zoology 48, Nr. 3 (2000): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo00011.
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The Australian magpie goose (Anseranas semipalmata) is not really a ‘goose’ but an aberrant species representing the monotypic family Anseranatidae. It is herbivorous but its ability to utilise dietary fibre is uncertain. We examined digestive processes in tame birds fed natural forages in metabolism cages and in wild birds. An examination of the gross anatomy of the gut showed features similar to those in waterfowl of the family Anatidae, the true ducks and geese. In a total-collection feeding trial geese were fed either unhusked rice grain or fresh aquatic grass. The aquatic grass was high in fibre (neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was 74% of dry matter) and magpie geese could not maintain energy or nitrogen balance on this feed. The maintenance energy requirement of the caged magpie geese, as estimated on the rice diet, was 573 kJ kg–1 day–1, which was similar to that found for other species of geese. The maintenance nitrogen requirement was 0.44 g N kg–1 day–1 or 0.52 g N kg–0.75 day–1, which also was similar to the average value for birds. Fibre digestion on both diets was small, 19% and 27% of NDF for rice and grass respectively. Rates of passage of fibrous digesta through the gut of magpie geese varied with diet. The mean retention time for fibre was longer when feeding on the aquatic grass than on unhusked grain, 7.7 3.0 h v. 3.7 0.6 h Data from wild magpie geese clarified the process of digestion. The patterns of pH and short-chain fatty acids along the gut pointed to acid and enzymic digestion occurring in most of the tract, down to the ileocaecal junction. Fermentation appeared restricted to the caeca, rectum and cloaca, though, of note, the caeca contained little fibre, 5% NDF. Higher levels of fibre digestion were indicated in wild geese but fibre still was not a major contributor to the energy intake of these birds. The digestive capabilities of the magpie geese were considered in relation to their impact on the feeding and reproductive biology of these ‘geese’ in monsoonal, northern Australia
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Stanogias, George, und G. R. Pearce. „The digestion of fibre by pigs“. British Journal of Nutrition 53, Nr. 3 (Mai 1985): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19850062.
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1. The effect of including lupin (Lupinus sp.) hulls, maize cobs, wheat bran and lucerne (Medicago sutiva) stems in a basal fibre-free diet on the concentrations and the relative proportions of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the proximal colon of pigs, 17–18 h after feeding, was studied.2. Concentrations of total VFA in the proximal colon increased with increasing levels of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) intake, and this increase was highly dependent on the source of NDF in the diet.3. Molar proportions of the VFA were significantly affected by the level of NDF intake only in the cases of acetic and butyric acids, whereas the source of dietary NDF had a marked influence on the molar proportions of all acids.4. The results indicate that the extent of fermentative breakdown of fibre in the pig intestine can be influenced substantially by the type and the level of fibre in the diet.
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Lu, C. D., J. R. Kawas und O. G. Mahgoub. „Fibre digestion and utilization in goats“. Small Ruminant Research 60, Nr. 1-2 (Oktober 2005): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2005.06.035.
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Stanogias, George, und G. R. Pearce. „The digestion of fibre by pigs“. British Journal of Nutrition 53, Nr. 3 (Mai 1985): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19850063.
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1. The aim of the study was to determine the relative effects of feeding growing pigs with graded amounts of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) from various sources on the empty wet weight of segments of the pig gastrointestinal tract, on the weight and moisture content of their digesta, and on the pattern of digesta movement in them.2. Increased NDF intakes were associated with significantly higher wet weights of all gastrointestinal segments and increased lengths of the caecum. The lengths of both the small and the large intestines were unaffected by the ingestion by the pigs of different amounts of NDF from various sources. However, the caecum responded to these increased intakes of NDF by significant increases in length. The source of NDF in the diet was a factor that markedly influenced both the length and the weight of the distal colon. The nature of these increases in weight and length morphologically and their biological significance have not been determined.3. Despite some significant differences, neither the type nor the level of dietary NDF had any appreciable effect on the dry weight and on the proportion of dry matter (DM) of the contents in the stomach. As the level of NDF intake was increased, more undigested dietary material was found in all segments of the digestive tract of the pigs. The proportion of DM in the residues decreased progressively from the caecal contents to the contents of the distal colon. In most cases the degree to which the level of NDF intake affected the weight of the contents and the proportion of DM in them was highly dependent on the source of NDF in the diet.4. The distribution of the feed consumed in the morning and in the evening, as measured with stained feed particles and polyethylene beads, was extremely variable. It is concluded that prolonged intakes by pigs of diets containing high levels of fibre may lead to a hypertrophy and hence increased weight of segments of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Longland, A. C., M. K. Theodorou, S. J. Listerl, P. Morris und M. Gill. „The Ability of Polyethylene Glycol to Enhance the Digestion of Tropical Forage Legumes of Varying Tannin Content“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (März 1994): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600026234.
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Condensed tannins have been implicated in reducing the nutritive value of potentially important feedstuffs, largely through reducing protein and fibre digestion. Tannins can mediate their effects directly by binding to the protein or fibre fraction rendering them resistant to digestion, or indirectly by binding with digestive enzymes, preventing their catalytic action. These adverse effects of tannins, however, can be mitigated by the use of agents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) which form complexes with condensed tannins rendering them less effective as protein and fibre-binding agents. In this study, the effects of polyethylene glycol on (a) the in vitro fermentability and (b) the digestibility of the fibre fraction (= non-starch polysaccharide; NSP) of leaves of six tropical forage legumes varying in condensed tannin content was investigated.The species used, chosen for their varying tannin contents, were Sesbania goetzei (SG), S. seban (SS), Leucaena leucocephala (LL), Dioclea guianensis (DG) Calliandra sp. (C) and Tadehagi sp. (T23).
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Kesavelu, Dr Dhanasekhar, und Dr Nithya Franklyn. „Review on the role and recommendation for dietary fibers in Childhood constipation“. International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Invention 8, Nr. 01 (27.01.2021): 5214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijmsci/v8i01.06.
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The plant material in the diet that is resistant to enzymatic digestion is defined as “dietary fibre”. The primary ingredients that are classified as dietary fibres are cellulose, hemicellulose, pectic substances, gums, mucilages and lignin etc. Dietary fibre naturally exist in foods that are consumed daily viz.,cereals, fruits, vegetables and nuts. The diets with high content of fibre have shown benefits in multiple areas and systems in maintaining a mileu’-interior. Processing of foods leads to various changes in physical, chemical, enzymatic and thermal treatments, which may affect the composition of total fiber present in the diet.Fibres included in the diet leads to various changes in the qualitative aspects of the food that is processed. Favourable outcomes have been reported in various commodities such as cereals,bread,yoghurt and beverages. The importance and the uses of fibres in diet is an area of constant interest which needs to be explored further and our paper reviews and explains the relation between dietary fibres and their benefits, primarily in children [1]
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Øsrskov, E. R. „Manipulation of fibre digestion in the rumen“. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 50, Nr. 2 (01.08.1991): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns19910029.
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Fadel, J. G., P. Udén und P. H. Robinson. „Effect of nitrogen and energy supplements on intake and digestion of oat straw by non-lactating dairy cows“. Journal of Agricultural Science 109, Nr. 3 (Dezember 1987): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600081715.
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SummaryUrea with molasses and starch, casein, and fish meal with maize gluten meal were compared with a urea control as different nitrogen and energy sources in straw diets fed ad libitum to four mature non-lactating Swedish Red and White cows in a 4 × 4 latinsquare design. Cows fed fish meal with maize gluten meal had increased neutral detergent (ND) fibre intake, digestibility, and total digestion compared with those fed the urea control. When fed casein, cows tended to have higher ND fibre intake, lower ND fibre digestibility, and higher total ND fibre digestion than the urea control. Cows fed urea with molasses and starch had the same ND fibre intake, lower ND fibre digestibility, and lower total ND fibre digestion than the control. Treatments had no influence on rumen pH, rumen in sacco ND fibre kinetics, rumen residence times and median faecal particle size. Rumen ammonia concentrations were lower for the urea with molasses and starch as well as for the fish meal with maize gluten meal treatments when compared with the urea control. Rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations for supplemented diets were either unchanged or higher than for the control diet.
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Grundy, Myriam M. L., Cathrina H. Edwards, Alan R. Mackie, Michael J. Gidley, Peter J. Butterworth und Peter R. Ellis. „Re-evaluation of the mechanisms of dietary fibre and implications for macronutrient bioaccessibility, digestion and postprandial metabolism“. British Journal of Nutrition 116, Nr. 5 (07.07.2016): 816–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516002610.
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AbstractThe positive effects of dietary fibre on health are now widely recognised; however, our understanding of the mechanisms involved in producing such benefits remains unclear. There are even uncertainties about how dietary fibre in plant foods should be defined and analysed. This review attempts to clarify the confusion regarding the mechanisms of action of dietary fibre and deals with current knowledge on the wide variety of dietary fibre materials, comprising mainly of NSP that are not digested by enzymes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These non-digestible materials range from intact cell walls of plant tissues to individual polysaccharide solutions often used in mechanistic studies. We discuss how the structure and properties of fibre are affected during food processing and how this can impact on nutrient digestibility. Dietary fibre can have multiple effects on GI function, including GI transit time and increased digesta viscosity, thereby affecting flow and mixing behaviour. Moreover, cell wall encapsulation influences macronutrient digestibility through limited access to digestive enzymes and/or substrate and product release. Moreover, encapsulation of starch can limit the extent of gelatinisation during hydrothermal processing of plant foods. Emphasis is placed on the effects of diverse forms of fibre on rates and extents of starch and lipid digestion, and how it is important that a better understanding of such interactions with respect to the physiology and biochemistry of digestion is needed. In conclusion, we point to areas of further investigation that are expected to contribute to realisation of the full potential of dietary fibre on health and well-being of humans.
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Huhtanen, P., und U. Kukkonen. „Evaluation of models to describe neutral detergent fibre digestion in cattle fed at two levels of dry matter intake“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (März 1991): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600020602.
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Potentially digestible fibre leaves the rumen either by enzymatic breakdown or by passage to the lower tract. The digestibility of potentially digestible fibre is a function of the rate at which fibre is digested and its retention time in the rumen. The procedures used for estimating the rate of fibre digestion (kd) and the rate of passage of feed particles (kp) are extremely variable. The estimates for kdand kpderived by using different procedures can have a large effect on the fibre digestibility calculated from kinetic parameters of fibre. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the different methods in estimating the kinetic parameters of mathematical models that will describe cell wall digestion in the rumen.
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Tucker, L., D. Thomas, K. Weidgraaf und J. Taylor-Pickard. „The effects of digestive enhancer supplements on digestibility in leisure horses“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200028568.
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Certain commercial horse feed supplements based on active yeast and its derivatives, and have been shown to improve digestion of feed (Medina et al, 2002), although this data is very limited and is mostly derived from studies in other species, such as pigs or cattle. Yeast-derived compounds are known to improve digestibility via different mechanisms, depending on their composition. Live yeasts interact at a gut level by removing any oxygen present, which can unbalance the fermentative microflora by promoting aerobic bacterial populations. This can lead to an increase in nonfermentative or pathogenic species, which increases the potential for diarrhoea or other digestive upsets. Yeast cell wall material (mannan-oligosaccharides) have been shown to bind pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract, inhibiting their ability to reproduce, thereby stabilising the microflora and optimising fermentative capacity for fibre digestion, promoting animal growth and efficiency (Rosen, 2005). As horses rely on anaerobic fermentation to liberate energy from their natural high fibre diets, a stable and appropriate microflora is essential. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the benefits of feeding commercial digestive enhancers in horses with a history of gastric problems.
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Naumann, Susanne, Ute Schweiggert-Weisz, Stephanie Bader-Mittermaier, Dirk Haller und Peter Eisner. „Differentiation of Adsorptive and Viscous Effects of Dietary Fibres on Bile Acid Release by Means of In Vitro Digestion and Dialysis“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, Nr. 8 (27.07.2018): 2193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082193.
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To explain the cholesterol-reducing effects of dietary fibres, one of the major mechanisms proposed is the reduced reabsorption of bile acids in the ileum. The interaction of dietary fibres with bile acids is associated with their viscous or adsorptive effects. Since these fibre characteristics are difficult to investigate in vivo, suitable in vitro methodologies can contribute to understanding the mechanistic principles. We compared the commonly used centrifugal approach with a modified dialysis method using dietary fibre-rich materials from different sources (i.e., barley, citrus, lupin, and potato). Digestion was simulated in vitro with oral, gastric, and small intestinal digestion environments. The chyme was dialysed and released bile acids were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The centrifugation method showed adsorptive effects only for cholestyramine (reference material) and a high-fibre barley product (1.4 µmol taurocholic acid/100 mg dry matter). Alternatively, the dialysis approach showed higher values of bile acid adsorption (2.3 µmol taurocholic acid/100 mg dry matter) for the high-fibre barley product. This indicated an underestimated adsorption when using the centrifugation method. The results also confirmed that the dialysis method can be used to understand the influence of viscosity on bile acid release. This may be due to entrapment of bile acids in the viscous chyme matrix. Further studies on fibre structure and mechanisms responsible for viscous effects are required to understand the formation of entangled networks responsible for the entrapment of the bile acids.
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Perez-Maldonado, R. A., und B. W. Norton. „The effects of condensed tannins from Desmodium intortum and Calliandra calothyrsus on protein and carbohydrate digestion in sheep and goats“. British Journal of Nutrition 76, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1996): 515–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19960060.
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A factorial experiment was conducted to study the effects of condensed tannins (CT) from the tropical legumes Desmodium intorturn and Calliandra calothyrsus on the digestion and utilization of protein and carbohydrate in sheep and goats. CT-free Centrusema pubescens was also fed for comparison with the CT legumes, and each legume was included (300 g/kg DM) in a basal diet of pangola grass (Digitmia decumbens). Pangola grass alone was used as a control diet. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences between sheep and goats for the efficiency of digestion of N (0.574, SE 0.013), organic matter (OM; 0.519, SE 0.010), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF; 0.524, SE 0.011) and acid-detergent fibre (ADF; 0.407, SE 0.016). Diets containing desmodium and calliandra were digested less well in the rumen (64 and 62% of total OM digested) when compared with the pangola and centrosema diets (74 and 73% of total OM digested in rumen). There was an apparent net gain of 30% in ADF across the digestive tract of sheep and goats given calliandra, and this gain was ascribed to the formation of ‘artifact’ fibre as a result of fibre-tannin interaction. Overall, inclusion of legume at 300 g/kg in the diet significantly increased (P>0.05) the concentration of acetic acid and decreased butyric acid concentration in the rumen fluid of sheep and goats. Significantly higher proportions of dietary N apparently reached the abomasum of animals given the diets containing desmodium (50%) and calliandra (56%) when compared with animals given the centrosema and pangola diets (35%). Sheep and goats given the CT diets also had higher excretions of faecal N. This increment of faecal N (14%) did not affect post-rumen N digestion (P>0.05) since animals given CT diets absorbed more N (19%) per kg total OM digested than those given the control diets. It was concluded that whilst the low levels of CT provided in desmodium (1.0%) and calliandra (2.3%) diets protected dietary protein from degradation in the rumen, there were no overall beneficial or detrimental effects of CT in these diets for sheep or goats. A method was developed to categorize CT into fractions representative of their forms (free, protein-bound, and fibre-bound) during the digestion process. A quantitative model of CT metabolism during passage through the digestive tract was developed from the measured exchanges of CT between free, protein-bound and fibre-bound pools in the rumen and lower digestive tract. CT interchange mainly occurred in the reticulo-rumen of both animal species. Desmodium and calliandra free CT showed net losses of 68 and 78% in the rumen respectively and 57 and 68% of the fibre-bound CT was lost in the same site for sheep and goats respectively. However, protein-bound CT increased across the rumen by 73 and 56% for both animal species. Post-rumen losses of the total CT abomasal flow were 86 and 83% (free CT) for sheep and goats respectively, 70 and 66% (protein-bound CT), whilst 28% loss of fibre-bound CT occurred in sheep and goats respectively.
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Dagbasi, A., A. M. Lett, K. Murphy und G. Frost. „Understanding the interplay between food structure, intestinal bacterial fermentation and appetite control“. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 79, Nr. 4 (08.05.2020): 514–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665120006941.
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Epidemiological and clinical evidence highlight the benefit of dietary fibre consumption on body weight. This benefit is partly attributed to the interaction of dietary fibre with the gut microbiota. Dietary fibre possesses a complex food structure which resists digestion in the upper gut and therefore reaches the distal gut where it becomes available for bacterial fermentation. This process yields SCFA which stimulate the release of appetite-suppressing hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY. Food structures can further enhance the delivery of fermentable substrates to the distal gut by protecting the intracellular nutrients during upper gastrointestinal digestion. Domestic and industrial processing can disturb these food structures that act like barriers towards digestive enzymes. This leads to more digestible products that are better absorbed in the upper gut. As a result, less resistant material (fibre) and intracellular nutrients may reach the distal gut, thus reducing substrates for bacterial fermentation and its subsequent benefits on the host metabolism including appetite suppression. Understanding this link is essential for the design of diets and food products that can promote appetite suppression and act as a successful strategy towards obesity management. This article reviews the current evidence in the interplay between food structure, bacterial fermentation and appetite control.
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Dixon, R. M., und C. R. Stockdale. „Associative effects between forages and grains: consequences for feed utilisation“. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, Nr. 5 (1999): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar98165.
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Intake of metabolisable energy (ME) when forages and grains are fed together to ruminants may, due to digestive and metabolic interactions, be lower or higher than expected from feeding these components separately. These interactions, or associative effects, are due primarily to changes in the intake and/or the digestibility of the fibrous components of forage. Effects on voluntary forage intake (substitution effects) are usually much larger than on the digestibility of fibrous components, although the changes in forage intake may be a consequence of changes in the rate of digestion of the fibrous components. Positive associative effects, where grains increase voluntary intake and/or digestion of forage, are usually due to the provision of a limiting nutrient (eg. nitrogen, phosphorus) in the grain which is deficient in the forage. Negative associative effects, where grains decrease voluntary intake and/or digestion of forage, occur frequently and can cause low efficiency of utilisation of grain. Rate of substitution of grain for forage is related to forage intake, forage digestibility, the proportion of grain in the diet, and the maturity of the animal. Substitution rates are usually high in ruminants consuming high intakes of forage of high digestibility, probably due to the metabolic mechanisms which control voluntary intake reducing forage intake. Substitution rates are often low when animals are consuming forage of low to medium digestibility. Since voluntary intake of such forages is most likely determined by the capacity of the rumen to accommodate and pass to the lower gastrointestinal tract undigested forage residues, and of the rate of forage fibre digestion in the rumen, substitution is likely to be determined by changes in these processes. Reduced rate of fibre digestion in the rumen is often due to low rumen pH and/or an insufficiency of essential substrates for rumen microorganisms. Use of grains for lactating dairy cows involves an additional constraint since dietary grain may severely reduce milk fat content. Negative associative effects can be alleviated by ensuring supply of essential microbial substrates, feeding management, and modification of grain to minimise their adverse effects on fibre digestion, while ensuring satisfactory digestion of the grain and efficient microbial protein production.
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Rogel, AM, D. Balnave, WL Bryden und EF Annison. „Improvement of raw potato starch digestion in chickens by feeding oat hulls and other fibrous feedstuffs“. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, Nr. 3 (1987): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9870629.
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Ground oat hulls significantly improved the digestion of raw potato starch for male broiler chickens. The improvement was dependent upon the level of oat hulls in the diet and the size of the oat hull particles. Rice hulls and barley hulls were as effective as oat hulls in improving raw potato starch digestion when fibre particles were larger than 1 mm in length. Wheat bran and hemicelluloses isolated from oat hulls had no effect on starch digestion. The improvement in raw potato starch digestion was accompanied by an accumulation of fibre in the gizzard and muscular hypertrophy of this organ. Broken raw potato starch granules were also observed in the gizzard contents.
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Gidenne, T. „Effect of fibre level, particle size and adaptation period on digestibility and rate of passage as measured at the ileum and in the faeces in the adult rabbit“. British Journal of Nutrition 67, Nr. 1 (Januar 1992): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19920015.
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The use of specific methods other than gravimetric ones to analyse fibre permitted a more precise study of the degradation of cell wall (CW) in the digestive tract. Digesta flow and rate of passage measurements have not been assessed previously in rabbits to investigate fibre digestion and fibre effects simultaneously in the proximal and in the distal segments of the tract. The effect of the level of dietary fibre on ileal and overall digestibility and rate of passage were studied by comparing semi-purified diets containing only one source of CW (dehydrated lucerne (Medicago sativa) meal) given to adult female rabbits. The effect of fibre particle size and adaptation period were also investigated. Measurements of fibre composition using both colorimetric and gas-liquid chromatographic techniques, showed that large amounts of (CW) were degraded in the caecocolic segments. Increasing dietary fibre level reduced the rate of passage but fibre degradation was increased, at the same time a lower digestive efficiency for energy in the small intestine was found. A small quantity of CW was apparently degraded before the caecum, assuming that the water-soluble fraction of CW was essentially implicated. Grinding lucerne meal through a 1 mm instead of a 3 mm screen did not improve CW digestibility in spite of a longer rate of passage in the caeco-colic segments. Adaptation to a high-fibre diet resulted in an higher digestive volume for colon and caecum, related to an improved degradation of CW. Furthermore, digestive efficiency in the small intestine appeared higher for rabbits adapted to a high-fibre diet than that for rabbits initially fed on a low-fibre diet.
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Sakaguchi, EI, Hiroshi Itoh, Senji Uchida und Takao Horigome. „Comparison of fibre digestion and digesta retention time between rabbits, guinea-pigs, rats and hamsters“. British Journal of Nutrition 58, Nr. 1 (Juli 1987): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19870078.
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1. Digestive efficiencies of fibre components and retention time of digesta in the whole gut and in the large intestine were measured in rabbits, guinea-pigs, hamsters and rats when given a lucerne (Medicago saliva)-containing diet.2. Co-EDTA and chromium-mordanted cell-wall constituents of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) were used as liquid- and solid-phase markers respectively. Both markers were mixed with the experimental diet and given after digestion trials.3. Mean retention times of each marker were calculated from time-course changes in concentrations of the markers in faeces. The mean retention times of the markers in the large intestine were calculated from exponential slopes fitted to the time-course changes of faecal concentrations of the markers.4. The digestibilities of crude fibre, neutral-detergent fibre and acid-detergent fibre were highest in the guineapigs, followed by the hamsters, and lowest in the rabbits and rats.5. The mean retention times of Cr in the whole tract were longer in the larger animals and shortest in the hamsters. The mean retention times of Cr in the large intestine were longest in the guinea-pig followed by the hamsters and the rats. The rabbits had an extremely short retention time of Cr in the large intestine.6. These results suggest that the retention time of solid digesta in the large intestine can explain the difference in the digestive efficiencies of fibre components amongst non-ruminant small herbivores whereas retention of digesta in the whole gut is not related to the digestibility of fibre components.
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Graham, H., W. Löwgren und P. Åman. „An in vitro method for studying digestion in the pig“. British Journal of Nutrition 61, Nr. 3 (Mai 1989): 689–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19890155.
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1. An in vitro method involving incubation of feed samples with buffered duodenal digesta for 12 h or with buffered ileal and faecal inocula for 48 h was compared with in vivo ileal or faecal apparent digestibilities in pigs.2. The five diets investigated had crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25) contents from 164 to 185 g/kg, starch contents from 296 to 463 g/kg and dietary fibre contents from 176 to 347 g/kg.3. In vitro disappearances with duodenal inocula were correlated (P < 0.05) with in vivo ileal apparent digestibilities for crude protein, ash, starch, energy and dry matter, but not for dietary fibre.4. In vitro disappearances with the ileal and faecal inocula were generally correlated (P < 0.1) with in vivo faecal apparent digestibilities for dietary fibre, energy and dry matter, but not for ash or crude protein. The patterns of degradability of fibre polysaccharide residues in vitro and in vivo were also similar.5. Results indicate that this in vitro method could be used to predict the availability of starch and crude protein for digestion in the small intestine, and the degradability of dietary fibre, and thus for comparing the nutritive value of pig feeds.
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Gidenne, T., R. Bellier und J. van Eys. „Effect of the dietary fibre origin on the digestion and on the caecal fermentation pattern of the growing rabbit“. Animal Science 66, Nr. 2 (April 1998): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800009681.
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AbstractThe effect of the origin of dietary fibre on digestion and caecal fermentation in the rabbit was studied independently of variations in the level of the different cell wall constituents (cellulose, lignin, etc.). Relationships between microbial activity and the digestion of nutrients were also evaluated over a 4-week growth period. Three experimental diets were given ad libitum from, weaning (28 days) to three groups of nine New Zealand White rabbits, subjected to caecal cannulation at 35 days of age with in-vivo digesta sampling at 6, 7, 8, 9 weeks of age. The diets were similar in their content of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) (320 g/kg dry matter) and in the respective proportions of cell wall constituents (hemicelluloses (NDF - acid-detergent fibre (ADF)) = 0·54, cellulose (ADF -acid-detergent lignin (ADL)) = 0·37, lignin (ADL) = 0·09), but they differed by their main fibre origin: lucerne meal = diet LM, sunflower meal = diet SM, wheat straw = diet WS.As a consequence of the similar fibre level, the dietary intake was similar among the diets. The NDF digestibility ivas 0·03 units lower for the diet SM, and led to a lower quantity of NDF degraded (3·7 g NDF per day per kg live weight) compared with LM and WS groups (5·0 g NDF per day per kg live weight). Significant variations in caecal volatile fatty acid (VFA) levels were observed between LM and WS, although the intake of nutrients was rather similar, therefore suggesting a direct effect of the botanical origin of fibre. Compared with LM and SM diets, a significantly lower caecal VFA level was found for the WS diet and was associated with a higher incidence of digestive disorders. In the WS diet, fibres that come from only one botanical origin (wheat straw and bran) may be unfavourable to caecal fermentation and to the health status. The ammonia level, the caecal pH and the proportions of the different VFAs were not affected by the diets.The total VFA level showed a significant quadratic trend between 6 and 9 weeks of age, whereas the butyrate molar proportion showed a significant linear increase from 0·08 to almost 0·10. In parallel, the daily quantity of hemicellulose digested was positively correlated to the butyrate molar proportion (r = 0·884, P < 0·001), and negatively correlated to the caecal pH (r = -0·705, P = 0·022).
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Yang, Wei, Bingbing Zhang, Chuang Xu, Hongyou Zhang und Cheng Xia. „Effects of ketosis in dairy cows on blood biochemical parameters, milk yield and composition, and digestive capacity“. Journal of Veterinary Research 63, Nr. 4 (08.10.2019): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2019-0059.
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Abstract Introduction This study aimed to characterise the effects of ketosis on milk yield and composition and digestive capacity in transition dairy cows. Material and Methods Seven ketotic and seven healthy cows were housed in individual stalls for six days. Samples of plasma, milk, refused total mixed ration, and faeces were collected, and the blood biochemical parameters, milk yield and composition, dry matter intake, and faecal dry matter (FDM) production were determined. Results Compared with healthy cows, the ketotic cows had significantly higher concentrations of milk fat and citrate, but lower levels of milk protein and lactose. The cows exhibited a need for acid detergent fibre in forage and better digestion of neutral detergent fibre, starch, crude protein, and phosphorus than healthy cows, but more fat and gross energy were excreted in their faeces. Ketotic cows had higher energy-corrected milk yields and lower FDM than healthy cows. Conclusion Lower feed intake coinciding with the requirement to maintain high milk production is considered to be the cause of ketosis in dairy cows. Ketotic cows exhibited lower dry matter fat digestion.
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McKain, N., C. J. Newbold und R. J. Wallace. „Combined effects of aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (amaferm; ao) and monensin on fermentation in the rumen simulation technique (rusitec)“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1991 (März 1991): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600020626.
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Monensin, an ionophore, and AO, a fungal feed additive, are growth promoters which modify rumen fermentation. Previous studies have shown that monensin increased propionate, the efficiency of bacterial growth and the flow of protein from the rumen and decreased methane production and fibre digestion (Schelling, 1984), whereas AO increased bacterial numbers and fibre digestion and lowered methane production (Frumholtzet al., 1989; Fondevilaet al., 1990). The aim of the present study was to determine, using Rusitec, the effects on rumen fermentation of combining these additives.
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K, Divyashree, Amar Sankar, R. C. Chandni und A. V. Raghu. „DIETARY FIBER IMPORTANCE IN FOOD AND IMPACT ON HEALTH“. International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, Nr. 4RAST (30.04.2017): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i4rast.2017.3297.
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Dietary fibre is a non-digestable part of plant material in the diet which is resistant to enzymatic digestion in humans which includes cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as hemicellulose, pectic substances, gums, mucilages and a non-carbohydrate component lignin. The diet rich in fibre such as cereals, nuts, fruits and vegetables have a positive effect on health since their consumption has been related to decreased incidence of several diseases. Higher intakes of dietary fiber are linked to less cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, intestinal cancer, constipation, and other disorders that have serious adverse effects on the health of human beings and also higher intakes of fiber are linked to lower body weights. So improvement of diet with high fiber will help in maintaining good health when consumed in the required amount.
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Daniel, J. L. P., A. Capelesso, E. H. Cabezas-Garcia, M. Zopollatto, M. C. Santos, P. Huhtanen und L. G. Nussio. „Fibre digestion potential in sugarcane across the harvesting window“. Grass and Forage Science 69, Nr. 1 (11.03.2013): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12044.
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SEARL, A., und R. CULLEN. „An enzymatic tissue digestion method for fibre biopersistence studies“. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 41, Nr. 6 (Dezember 1997): 721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4878(97)00023-9.
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Zhang, Ping-chang, Wing-bun Chung, Kwok-wah Chan und Ignatius T. M. Kung. „Modified alkali digestion method for pulmonary asbestos fibre counts“. Pathology 19, Nr. 2 (1987): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00313028709077127.
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Opatpatanakit, Y., RC Kellaway, IJ Lean, G. Annison und A. Kirby. „Effects of cereal grains on fibre digestion in vitro“. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, Nr. 2 (1995): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9950403.
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Cereal grains including wheat, barley, oats, maize and sorghum were incubated with strained rumen fluid in vitro with either ryegrass or lucerne in the ratios of 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 at 3g�C for 24 h. Expected NDF digestibilities in mixtures of cereal grain and forage were calculated by interpolation between NDF digestibilities of each grain and of each forage. These were compared with measured NDF digestibilities to detect deviations due to synergism or inhibition. Wheat, barley and maize had inhibitory effects, whereas oats and sorghum had synergistic effects, on NDF digestibility with both forages.
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Reynolds, C. K., D. J. Humphries, J. D. Sutton, B. Lupoli und D. E. Beever. „Incremental effects of ground rapeseed on digestion in lactating dairy cows“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200007638.
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Crushed rapeseed and other oil seeds offer an economical source of fat and protein in diets for lactating dairy cows, but the potential inhibitory effects of their unsaturated fatty acids on fibre digestion in the rumen are a concern. Feeding crushed rapeseed in a grass silage-based ration increased milk yield without affecting intake (Reynoldset al., 1998), and had no measurable effects on rumen or total tract digestion (Reynoldset al., 2000). In a companion study, feeding increasing amounts of ground rapeseed in a maize silage-based ration decreased DM intake at higher levels of inclusion (Reynoldset al., 2002). This effect may reflect metabolic effects of rapeseed fatty acid absorption, or negative effects of rapeseed oil on rumen fermentation and fibre digestion. The present study was conducted simultaneously to the production study to determine the incremental effects of ground rapeseed on rumen, post-rumen and total tract digestion in lactating dairy cows fed maize silage-based rations.
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Illius, A. W., und I. J. Gordon. „Prediction of intake and digestion in ruminants by a model of rumen kinetics integrating animal size and plant characteristics“. Journal of Agricultural Science 116, Nr. 1 (Februar 1991): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600076255.
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SUMMARYSimulation modelling was used to investigate interactions between forage degradation characteristics, rumen processes and body weight, and to predict the voluntary food intake and digestion of a range of forages. Predicted voluntary intake and digestion agreed well with empirical data, explaining 61 and 70%, respectively, of variance in observed values. Since the data covered a wide range of animal weights and forage qualities, these results suggest that the model is a useful means of integrating the effects of animal and forage variables. Interactions were examined between animal weight and diet quality, as defined by the proportion of potentially digestible cell contents and cell walls and their rates of digestion. Retention time of food in the digestive tract was shown by regression to scale with W0·27. The time taken to comminute large fibre particles also scaled with W0·27. Longer retention of digesta by large ruminants increases digestive efficiency compared with small animals and would permit them to survive on lower-quality foods. The model showed that maximum intake of metabolizable energy scales with c. W0·87, greater than the scaling of maintenance with W0·73.
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Tornero-Martínez, Antonio, Rubén Cruz-Ortiz, María Eugenia Jaramillo-Flores, Perla Osorio-Díaz, Sandra Victoria Ávila-Reyes, Guadalupe Monserrat Alvarado-Jasso und Rosalva Mora-Escobedo. „In vitro Fermentation of Polysaccharides from Aloe vera and the Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids“. Molecules 24, Nr. 19 (07.10.2019): 3605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24193605.
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Soluble or fermentable fibre has prebiotic effects that can be used in the food industry to modify the composition of microbiota species to benefit human health. Prebiotics mostly target Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains, among others, which can fight against chronic diseases since colonic fermentation produces short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The present work studied the changes produced in the fibre and polyphenolic compounds during in vitro digestion of gel (AV) and a polysaccharide extract (AP) from Aloe vera, after which, these fractions were subjected to in vitro colonic fermentation to evaluate the changes in antioxidant capacity and SCFAs production during the fermentation. The results showed that the phenolic compounds increased during digestion, but were reduced in fermentation, as a consequence, the antioxidant activity increased significantly in AV and AP after the digestion. On the other hand, during in vitro colon fermentation, the unfermented fibre of AV and AP responded as lactulose and the total volume of gas produced, which indicates the possible use of Aloe vera and polysaccharide extract as prebiotics.
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Teferedegne, B., P. O. Osuji, A. Odenyo, R. J. Wallace und C. J. Newbold. „Effect of defaunation on utilisation of poor quality tropical feed by sheep“. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200002684.
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There are conflicting reports in the literature about the benefits of defaunation, the removal of ciliate protozoa from the rumen, in ruminant production. Ciliate protozoa are not essential for proper functioning of the rumen nor for the life of the host and that their contribution to microbial protein flowing to the lower gut is small (Williams and Coleman, 1992). Protozoa ingest and digest bacteria in the rumen decreasing the flow of microbial protein from the rumen, and inserting an energy wasting step in the net synthesis of bacterial protein in the rumen (Williams and Coleman, 1992). However, protozoa also play an active role in ruminal fibre digestion and up to 50% of ruminal carboxymethylcellulase activity is associated with the protozoal fraction (Williams and Colemans, 1992). Thus the effect of defaunation on animal productivity will be a balance between the increase in the supply of microbial protein leaving the rumen and any decrease in ruminal fibre digestion. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of defaunation on microbial protein supply and fibre digestion in sheep fed a poor quality tropical diet.
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Gidenne, Thierry, Nathalie Jehl, André Lapanouse und Muriel Segura. „Inter-relationship of microbial activity, digestion and gut health in the rabbit: effect of substituting fibre by starch in diets having a high proportion of rapidly fermentable polysaccharides“. British Journal of Nutrition 92, Nr. 1 (Juli 2004): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041173.
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Caecal microbial activity, digestion and gut health were analysed in the young rabbit, in response to fibre substitution by starch, in diets with high proportions of rapidly fermentable polysaccharides (pectins+hemicelluloses:acid-detergent fibre (ADF) ratio of 1·7). A range of five diets corresponding to a 60% linear reduction of the ADF level (230 to 92 g ADF/kg) without changes in the fibre quality, and to a corresponding linear increase in dietary starch, was given ad libitum to young rabbits from 18 d until 70 d of age. A one half reduction of the ADF level resulted in a sharp increase in energy digestibility (+25 units), associated with a lower feed intake (−35%) and to an increase of the mean retention time (+6 h) in the whole digestive tract. Despite large variations in the fibre intake (20 to 59 g ADF/d), the fibre digestive efficiency remained similar among the five diets. Starch ileal concentrations were low after 4 weeks of age (>5%), and variations with age were significant when the dietary starch level was over 19%. A 65% lower biomass production was measured when the ADF level progressed from 230 to 165 g/kg, and no precise relationship was found with fermentative activity. Reducing the fibre intake led to a linear decrease of caecal volatile fatty acids concentrations, and to higher pH and NH3 levels. An increased occurrence of mortality by diarrhoea was registered with the lowest fibre intake. It can be concluded that a sufficient supply of fibre, with high proportions in rapidly fermentable polysaccharides, stimulates the maturation of microbial activity and reduces the occurrence of diarrhoea.
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Várhegyi, I., J. Várhegyi und L. Rózsa. „The relationship of cell wall content and cell wall degradation rates measured in situ to digestibility depression of forages given to wether sheep“. BSAP Occasional Publication 22 (1998): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00033036.
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The fractional rate of digestion as compared with the rate of passage can determine the extent of digestion in the digestive tract and the amount of potentially digestible matter escaping digestion (Van Soest, 1982). The lower the rate of digestion or the higher the rate of passage, the more nutrients escape digestion. The effect of rate of passage is higher for food components with slow rates of digestion such as neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) (Mertens, 1985). Increasing feeding level is associated with higher rate of passage, lower residence time in the rumen and decreased digestibility of nutrients. Digestibility depression is considered in several energy evaluation systems (van Es et al., 1978; Moe, 1981; Agricultural and Food Research Council, 1993 etc.) although most of the systems use a standard percentage discounting energy value, regardless of foods or nutrient components. Studies (Tyrell and Moe, 1975) showed that digestibility depression is higher for cell wall than cell solubles, whilst El Khidir and Thomsen (1983) reported that digestibility depression of cell walls was responsible for proportionately 0-7 of the observed decrease in digestibility. Mertens (1985) reported that energy discount factors can be related to NDF content and total digestible nitrogen value of foods. Ørskov (1996) recommended prediction of food potential of both energy value and intake from degradation characteristics.
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Longstaff, M., und J. M. McNab. „Digestion of fibre polysaccharides of pea (Pisum sativum) hulls, carrot and cabbage by adult cockerels“. British Journal of Nutrition 62, Nr. 3 (November 1989): 563–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19890058.
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Characterization of the carbohydrates of pea (Pisum sativum) hulls, carrot and cabbage using both colorimetric and gas–liquid chromatographic techniques permitted a detailed investigation into the extent of digestion of differing types of fibre. These digestion studies were greatly aided by the development of a rapid bioassay employing starved adult cockerels. Total collection of undigested residues, uncontaminated by food spillage, could be made from trays placed under the cockerels. Chemical analysis showed that pea hulls consisted mainly of fibre with very little available carbohydrate present, whereas more than half of freeze-dried carrot and cabbage consisted of available carbohydrate (sucrose, glucose, fructose, starch) and consequently considerably less fibre was present. The fibre of carrot and cabbage was similarly composed of nearly equal amounts of neutral and acidic polysaccharides, whereas pea-hull fibre had four times as much neutral as acidic polysaccharides. The digestibility of total neutral polysaccharides from all three foodstuffs was extremely low. However, there appeared to be preferential digestion of polysaccharides composed of rhamnose, arabinose and galactose residues, all associated with pectic material, in contrast to the indigestibility of polysaccharides composed of fucose, xylose and glucose. Acidic polysaccharides were digested to a greater extent than neutral ones, and those of carrot and cabbage more so than pea hulls. The polysaccharides which were the most soluble were also the most digestible, but due to the arbitrariness of polysaccharide solubility, quantification of their total digestibility per se was considered not possible.
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Ushida, K., C. Kayouli, S. De Smet und J. P. Jouany. „Effect of defaunation on protein and fibre digestion in sheep fed on ammonia-treated straw-based diets with or without maize“. British Journal of Nutrition 64, Nr. 3 (November 1990): 765–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19900078.
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Using a defaunating method which preserved bacteria and fungi in the rumen, the effect of protozoa on protein and fibre digestion was studied in six adult wethers in relation to the nature of the diet. Sheep were given daily, 42 g dry matter (DM)/kg metabolic body-weight (W0.75), one of two isonitrogenous diets: one contained ammonia-treated wheat straw as the only energy source (diet S) and the other was supplemented with maize grain pellets (diet SM). Mean daily intakes (g/d) of nitrogen, neutral-detergent fibre and acid-detergent fibre were respectively 22, 573 and 373 for diet S and 23, 450 and 334 for diet SM. Elimination of protozoa increased duodenal non-ammonia-nitrogen flow. This result was mainly due to an increase in microbial protein flow and, to a lesser extent, to a higher dietary protein flow. Defaunation markedly increased the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. Maize-grain supplementation had a net positive effect on this variable in defaunated sheep, but not in faunated sheep. Cell-wall carbohydrates were less well digested in the defaunated rumen, and the negative effect of defaunation was greatest with the diet SM. Intestinal fibre digestion increased in the defaunated sheep especially in those fed on diet SM, but not enough to compensate for the decrease in rumen digestion.
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Escalona, B., R. Rocha, J. García, R. Carabaño und C. de Blast. „Characterization ofin situfibre digestion of several fibrous foods“. Animal Science 68, Nr. 1 (Februar 1999): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800050244.
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AbstractThe disappearance of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) from six fibrous foods (lucerne hay, NaOH-treated barley straw, olive leaves, paprika meal, soya-bean hulls and sunflower hulls) when incubated in the rumen of sheep in nylon bags was investigated. Source of fibre, time of incubation and its interaction had a significant (P< 0·01) effect on NDF degradation. Stepwise regression analysis showed that the best single predictor for NDF degradation rate was the hemicellulose fraction of NDF (HEMndf). The variables selected to predict potential degradability and degradability of NDF at 72 h were the proportions of acid-detergent lignin in NDF (ADLndf, first step) and of acid-detergent cutin in ADL (ADCadl, second step). For NDF degradability at 12 h, the variables selected were the proportions of HEMndf, ADLndfand ADCadl, in the first, second and third step, respectively. The results showed that ADC is an important component to understand NDF degradability at both 12 and 72 h.
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Alam, M. R., G. D. Lawson, D. P. Poppi und A. R. Sykes. „Comparison of the site and extent of digestion of nutrients of a forage in kids and lambs“. Journal of Agricultural Science 109, Nr. 3 (Dezember 1987): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600081806.
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SummaryThe quantitative partitioning of digestion between the stomachs, small intestine and large intestine was compared in kids and lambs offered a high quality meadow hay (organic-matter digestibility, 0·74; N, 23·9 g/kg D.M.) in amounts between maintenance and ad libitum.Nutrient flow past the abomasum and terminal ileum and in the faeces was measured by reference to 51Cr-EDTA and 103Ru-phenanthroline. Digestion of D.M., neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and non-ammonia N (NAN) in the rumen (R), small intestine (SI) and large intestine (LI) was estimated from the regression of nutrient flow on nutrient intake.No difference was observed between the species in digestion of D.M., NDF and NAN at any site. Approximately 0·60, 0·29 and 0·13 of the total in vivo D.M. digestion (0·74) occurredin the R, SI and LI, respectively, and approximately 0·94 of the total in vivo NDF digestion (0·79) occurred in the rumen of both species.There was a gain of total N and NAN of 22 and 15%, respectively, in the rumen of both species whilst net disappearance of NAN in the small intestine and of N in the large intestine was approximately 0·62 and 0·27, respectively. All these characteristics varied slightly with level of feeding.It is concluded that there may be little difference in the partitioning of digestion of D.M., NDF and NAN in the digestive tract of kids and lambs when consuming high quality forages.
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Graham, H., und P. Åman. „The pig as a model in dietary fibre digestion studies“. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 22, sup129 (Januar 1987): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365528709095851.
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Dehority, Burk A. „Effects of microbial synergism on fibre digestion in the rumen“. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 50, Nr. 2 (01.08.1991): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns19910026.
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Oomen, G. J. M., C. M. Verschuur und J. B. Schiere. „Digestion versus composting of straw and hay: effects on composition of biomass residues“. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 43, Nr. 3 (01.09.1995): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v43i3.569.
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The effect of two decomposition processes, digestion and composting, was compared on the quality of the final residue from two substrates: hay and straw. The digestion was done by using dwarf goats on digestion crates and the composting process was simulated in buckets. Composting was allowed to continue to the same level of organic matter loss as achieved in a digestibility trial. The results indicated that the pattern of biomass decomposition, as measured by the fibre analysis in the Goering and Van Soest method, was similar between both processes and substrates. Absolute amounts of acid detergent lignin (ADL) did not change significantly throughout both decomposition processes, but the quantity of other fibre components decreased. Chemically, the ADL fraction made up a large part of the humus in the soil and though the results were variable, they suggested that the initial ADL content of a substrate indicates its humus building capacity. Concerning the nitrogen fractions, however, there were larger differences between the decomposition processes and substrates. Digestion left less nitrogen in the organic matter than composting, and the composting of straw even resulted in a net increase in nitrogen content.
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Liu, Guo, Danyang Ying, Baoyan Guo, Li Jiang Cheng, Bruce May, Tony Bird, Luz Sanguansri, Yong Cao und MaryAnn Augustin. „Extrusion of apple pomace increases antioxidant activity upon in vitro digestion“. Food & Function 10, Nr. 2 (2019): 951–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8fo01083h.
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Atzler, Jonas J., Aylin W. Sahin, Eimear Gallagher, Emanuele Zannini und Elke K. Arendt. „Investigation of different dietary-fibre-ingredients for the design of a fibre enriched bread formulation low in FODMAPs based on wheat starch and vital gluten“. European Food Research and Technology 247, Nr. 8 (26.05.2021): 1939–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00217-021-03762-6.
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AbstractConsumption of fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) often induces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Since FODMAPs and dietary fibre (DF) share certain characteristics, IBS-patients have a limited intake of DF. Therefore, enrichment of a low FODMAP model bread (based on 84% wheat starch and 16% vital gluten) with various fibres (bamboo, cellulose, psyllium, guar gum) in two different concentrations (3 g/100 g and 6 g/100 g) was investigated. Physico-chemical properties of doughs and breads were analysed (fermentation quality, gluten development, specific volume and hardness), as well as the release of reducing sugars during in vitro digestion. High performance anion exchange chromatography with coupled pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) was used to determine the FODMAP levels (contents of mannitol, sorbitol, fructose in excess of glucose, fructans and α-galactooligosaccharides) of both dough and bread. Prototypes were compared with wheat flour-based breads (bakers’ flour with and without wheat bran addition) to assess the performance of these prototypes. Prototypes showed a decreased quality compared to a baker’s flour control, however, a quality comparable to commercial wheat bran breads was found. This in combination with a lower release of reducing sugars during in vitro digestion underline the potential of fibre enriched breads as part of a healthier and more palateable low FODMAP diet. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of the type (viscous and insoluble) and the concentration of fibres used. Application of psyllium in a concentration of 3 g/100 g showed the most beneficial impact on both physical (specific volume, hardness after 0 h and 24 h) and nutritional aspects of bread.
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Scazzina, Francesca, Susanne Siebenhandl-Ehn und Nicoletta Pellegrini. „The effect of dietary fibre on reducing the glycaemic index of bread“. British Journal of Nutrition 109, Nr. 7 (18.02.2013): 1163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513000032.
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As bread is the most relevant source of available carbohydrates in the diet and as lowering dietary glycaemic index (GI) is considered favourable to health, many studies have been carried out in order to decrease the GI of bread. The most relevant strategy that has been applied so far is the addition of fibre-rich flours or pure dietary fibre. However, the effectiveness of dietary fibre in bread in reducing the GI is controversial. The purpose of the present review was to discuss critically the effects obtained by adding different kinds of fibre to bread in order to modulate its glycaemic response. The studies were selected because they analysedin vivowhether or not dietary fibre, naturally present or added during bread making, could improve the glucose response. The reviewed literature suggests that the presence of intact structures not accessible to human amylases, as well as a reduced pH that may delay gastric emptying or create a barrier to starch digestion, seems to be more effective than dietary fibrepersein improving glucose metabolism, irrespective of the type of cereal. Moreover, the incorporation of technologically extracted cereal fibre fractions, the addition of fractions from legumes or of specifically developed viscous or non-viscous fibres also constitute effective strategies. However, when fibres or wholemeal is included in bread making to affect the glycaemic response, the manufacturing protocol needs to reconsider several technological parameters in order to obtain high-quality and consumer-acceptable breads.
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Chassé, Élisabeth, Frédéric Guay, Knud Erik Bach Knudsen, Ruurd T. Zijlstra und Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy. „Toward Precise Nutrient Value of Feed in Growing Pigs: Effect of Meal Size, Frequency and Dietary Fibre on Nutrient Utilisation“. Animals 11, Nr. 9 (04.09.2021): 2598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092598.
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Nutritional values of ingredients have been and still are the subject of many studies to reduce security margins of nutrients when formulating diets to reduce feed cost. In most studies, pigs are fed a limited amount of feed in a limited number of meals that do not represent how pigs are fed in commercial farm conditions. With free access to feed, pigs follow their intrinsic feeding behaviour. Feed intake is regulated by satiety and satiation signals. Reducing the feed intake level or feeding frequency can affect digestibility and transit time and induce metabolic changes. To reduce feed costs, alternative ingredients that are frequently rich in dietary fibre are added to diets. Fibre acts on the digestion process and transit time by decreasing energy density and causing viscosity. Various analyses of fibre can be realised, and the measured fibre fraction can vary. Exogenous enzymes can be added to counteract the effect of fibre, but digestive tract conditions, influenced by meal size and frequency, can affect the efficiency of supplemented enzymes. In conclusion, the frequency and size of the meals can affect the digestibility of nutrients by modulating gastrointestinal tract conditions (pH and transit time), metabolites (glucose and short-chain fatty acids) and hormones (glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide tyrosine tyrosine).