Zeitschriftenartikel: „Fiber-optic cable“

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Abboud, Izz K., Shahir F. Nawaf und Mohammed H. Dervish. „Reduction the electric field effect generated by high voltage on fiber optic cables using metal shielding“. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, Nr. 1 (01.02.2020): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i1.1658.

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Because of the fiber optic cables have perfect resistant to weather and environmental effects they can be installed on or with transmission line towers for the power supply control and data communication. To avoid the damages of fiber optic cables, it is used shielded fiber optic cables. Due to the using of this shielding, the electric field that produced from transmission line will be effected .In this paper is studied and compared the influence of metal shielding of fiber-optic cable in the strong electric field which produced by a high voltage transmission line for various types of channel configuration. Based on the results obtained, the metal shielding of fiber optic cables will reduce the electric field strength that lead to good efficiency of communication through the optical cable.

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Khatimi, Husnul, Eka Setya Wijaya, Andreyan Rizky Baskara und Yuslena Sari. „Performance Comparison Between Copper Cables and Fiber Optic in Data Transfer on Banjarmasin Weather Temperature Conditions“. MATEC Web of Conferences 280 (2019): 05022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928005022.

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Copper wire cable and fiber optic cable are two communication media that are widely used in building data communication networks in today’s modern era. For network administrators, choosing the right type of cable to build a network is a must. Air temperature is one of the external factors that can affect the performance of network equipment. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the differences in performance between the use of fiber optic cables and copper wire cables which are capable of transferring data of 1 Gigabit per second. Performance measurement analysis includes the ability to transfer data from both media such as latency, throughput, and packet loss. For testing latency and throughput is done by sending as many as 65,000 data 30 times for each media. Whereas for packet loss testing is done by sending 10,000 data within 1 minute using test bandwidth on the Mikrotik router. From the test results, it can be seen that there is an effect of temperature changes on the performance of copper wire cable and fiber optic cable. The higher the air temperature, the packet loss, and latency will increase. As for the throughput value, the temperature only affects the throughput value on fiber optic cable and does not affect throughput on the copper wire cable.

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Korchevsky, A. S., und L. V. Kolomiets. „MECHANICAL FIBER OPTIC CABLE“. Key title Zbìrnik naukovih pracʹ Odesʹkoï deržavnoï akademìï tehnìčnogo regulûvannâ ta âkostì -, Nr. 2(7) (2015): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32684/2412-5288-2015-2-7-68-72.

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Z, Andi Nurul Ulfawaty, und Fausiah Fausiah. „Analisis Redaman pada Jaringan Fiber to the Home (FTTH) Berteknologi Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) di PT Telkom Makassar“. Ainet : Jurnal Informatika 1, Nr. 1 (22.08.2019): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/ainet.v1i1.2287.

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The development of telecommunications technology as a communication necessity at this time has been growing rapidly, needed a means of transmission media that is able to distribute information with large capacity and capable data transfer speeds. Implementing using Gigabit Passive Optical Network (GPON) technology, the Fiber to The Home (FTTH) service reaches the user to meet the speed of 2GBps. This study aims to identify the causes of increased attenuation or disturbance in FTTH. The method used in this study is to analyze the attenuation value of each core at the sites studied on the FTTH network at PT Telkom. The total attenuation value of fiber optic cables that are calculated from OLT to ONT must be within the specified reasonable limit of 15-28 dB. The caused of the increase in the attenuation value of fiber optic cables such as the number of splice / connections on each cable, and the occurrence of cable indentations above 45°. To overcome the attenuation value that exceeds the reasonable limit can be done by replacing the fiber cable with attenuation of 0.35dB to fiber cable with attenuation of 0.22 dB, so that the attenuation of the fiber optic cable is at the specified reasonable limit.

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de Jong, S. A. P., J. D. Slingerland und N. C. van de Giesen. „Fiber optic distributed temperature sensing for the determination of air temperature“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, Nr. 6 (23.06.2014): 6287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-6287-2014.

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Abstract. This paper describes a method to correct for the effect of solar radiation in atmospheric Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) applications. By using two cables with different diameters, one can determine what temperature a zero diameter cable would have. Such virtual cable would not be affected by solar heating and would take on the temperature of the surrounding air. The results for a pair of black cables and a pair of white cables were very good. The correlations between standard air temperature measurements and air temperatures derived from both colors had a high correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.99). A thin white cable measured temperatures that were close to air temperature. The temperatures were measured along horizontal cables but the results are especially interesting for vertical atmospheric profiling.

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Abramov, A. A., M. M. Bubnov, N. N. Vechkanov, A. V. Vlasov, A. N. Gur'yanov, Evgenii M. Dianov, V. P. Inozemtsev et al. „Frost-resistant fiber-optic cable“. Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 18, Nr. 1 (31.01.1988): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1988v018n01abeh011239.

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de Jong, S. A. P., J. D. Slingerland und N. C. van de Giesen. „Fiber optic distributed temperature sensing for the determination of air temperature“. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, Nr. 1 (15.01.2015): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-335-2015.

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Abstract. This paper describes a method to correct for the effect of solar radiation in atmospheric distributed temperature sensing (DTS) applications. By using two cables with different diameters, one can determine what temperature a zero diameter cable would have. Such a virtual cable would not be affected by solar heating and would take on the temperature of the surrounding air. With two unshielded cable pairs, one black pair and one white pair, good results were obtained given the general consensus that shielding is needed to avoid radiation errors (WMO, 2010). The correlations between standard air temperature measurements and air temperatures derived from both cables of colors had a high correlation coefficient (r2=0.99) and a RMSE of 0.38 °C, compared to a RMSE of 2.40 °C for a 3.0 mm uncorrected black cable. A thin white cable measured temperatures that were close to air temperature measured with a nearby shielded thermometer (RMSE of 0.61 °C). The temperatures were measured along horizontal cables with an eye to temperature measurements in urban areas, but the same method can be applied to any atmospheric DTS measurements, and for profile measurements along towers or with balloons and quadcopters.

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Zhang, Cheng-Cheng, Hong-Hu Zhu, Su-Ping Liu, Bin Shi und Gang Cheng. „Quantifying progressive failure of micro-anchored fiber optic cable–sand interface via high-resolution distributed strain sensing“. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 57, Nr. 6 (Juni 2020): 871–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0651.

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Distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) is gaining increasing interest in geotechnical monitoring. By using soil-embedded fiber optic cables, strain profiles as well as deformation patterns of geotechnical infrastructures can be captured. Probing the fiber optic cable–soil interfacial behavior is vital to the advancement of DFOS-based geotechnical monitoring and our understanding of the soil–inclusion interaction mechanism. To this aim, laboratory pullout tests were performed to investigate the progressive failure of the interface between micro-anchored cables and the surrounding sand. High-resolution strain profiles recorded using Brillouin optical time-domain analysis (BOTDA) not only elucidated the influence of anchorage on strain measurements, but also allowed the classical soil–inclusion interaction problem to be studied in detail. Interfacial shear stresses calculated from step-like strain profiles provided clear evidence of the contribution of each micro-anchor to the pullout resistance. The cable–soil contact is a combination of overall bonding and point fixation depending on the level of mobilized interfacial shear stress, and therefore the validity of measured strains is correlated to a three-stage process of interface failure. This study also shows that installing heat-shrink tubes on the fiber optic cable is a rapid, low-cost, effective approach to make an anchored DFOS system for deformation monitoring of earth structures.

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Yanuary, Tio Hanif, und Lita Lidyawati. „Analisis Link Budget Penyambungan Serat Optik Menggunakan Optical Time Domain Reflectometer AQ7275“. Jurnal Teknik Elektro 10, Nr. 1 (20.06.2018): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jte.v10i1.13996.

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An optical fiber is a high-speed telecommunication transmission medium. Principally, an optical fiber is made of a very fine glass fiber material, which is able to transmit light waves using light reflection method on the surface of the fiber optics core. An underground installation of the fiber optics makes this device robust from external interferences. However, the fiber optic cable performance should always be checked to maintain performance during data transmission process. One way to test fiber optics cable performance is by using an Optical Time - Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) device. This device sends a light wave from one point of the fiber optics cable. The light wave then returns when reaching the other point of the fiber optic cable while carrying some measurement parameters especially the physical length and attenuation of a fiber optic cable. The evaluation of the fiber optics cable performance requires the preparation, installation, and configuration of the OTDR. In this paper, we conducted evaluation on the performances of fiber optics cable. The data generated by the performed evaluation indicated an occurring attenuation on the fiber optics cable along 64.402 km of its lengths.

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Kim, Kun-Woo, Jae-Wook Lee, Jin-Seok Jang, Joo-Young Oh, Ji-Heon Kang, Hyung-Ryul Kim und Wan-Suk Yoo. „Dynamic load applied to shear pin and motion prediction of flexible hose“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, Nr. 22 (10.08.2016): 4172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216663781.

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A flexible hose that is unwound along with fiber-optic cables from a mother ship helps prevent interference with the mother ship during the unwinding of the fiber-optic cable. Because the density of fiber-optic cables is close to the fluid density, if there is no flexible hose, the fiber-optic cable is more likely to interfere with the mother ship because of the motion of underwater vehicles or mother ships. Hence, it is necessary to prevent the interference of fiber-optic cables by using flexible hoses made of stainless steel. Flexible hoses unwound as an underwater vehicle moves are coupled to the vehicle by shear pins, and once all flexible hoses are unwound, the underwater vehicle continues to move forward as the pins fracture. Here, a dynamic load applied on the shear pin for connection in the early stages of the unwinding of the flexible hose is an important factor that controls the position, which should be accurately predicted, prior to the motion of the underwater vehicle. Further, it is essential that the shear pin of the connection part be designed to fracture under the selected load so that underwater vehicle can continue to move forward as the pin breaks. In this study, analysis results based on loading information measured in real experiments were compared and verified, and based on the findings, an analytical model that can predict loads applied on the shear pin was developed.

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Juwiler, I., I. Bronfman und N. Blaunstein. „Optical data signals in fiber optic communication links with fading“. Information and Control Systems, Nr. 3 (21.06.2019): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/1684-8853-2019-3-94-104.

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Introduction: This article is based on the recent research work in the field of two subjects: signal data parameters in fiber optic communication links, and dispersive properties of optical signals caused by non-homogeneous material phenomena and multimode propagation of optical signals in such kinds of wired links.Purpose: Studying multimode dispersion by analyzing the propagation of guiding optical waves along a fiber optic cable with various refractive index profiles of the inner optical cable (core) relative to the outer cladding, as well as dispersion properties of a fiber optic cable due to inhomogeneous nature of the cladding along the cable, for two types of signal code sequences transmitted via the cable: return-to-zero and non-return-to-zero ones.Methods: Dispersion properties of multimode propagation inside a fiber optic cable are analyzed with an advanced 3D model of optical wave propagation in a given guiding structure. The effects of multimodal dispersion and material dispersion causing the optical signal delay spread along the cable were investigated analytically and numerically.Results: Time dispersion properties were obtained and graphically illustrated for two kinds of fiber optic structures with different refractive index profiles. The dispersion was caused by multimode (e.g. multi-ray) propagation and by the inhomogeneous nature of the material along the cable. Their effect on the capacity and spectral efficiency of a data signal stream passing through such a guiding optical structure is illustrated for arbitrary refractive indices of the inner (core) and outer (cladding) elements of the optical cable. A new methodology is introduced for finding and evaluating the effects of time dispersion of optical signals propagating in fiber optic structures of various kinds. An algorithm is proposed for estimating the spectral efficiency loss measured in bits per second per Hertz per each kilometer along the cable, for arbitrary presentation of the code signals in the data stream, non-return-to zero or return-to-zero ones. All practical tests are illustrated by MATLAB utility.

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Mulyanto, Imam. „Analysis of Curvature in Fiber Optic Cable for Macrobending-Based Slope Sensor“. Journal of Technomaterials Physics 3, Nr. 1 (26.02.2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jotp.v3i1.5540.

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The analysis of fiber optics for macro bending-based slope sensors using SMF-28 single-mode optical fibers has been successfully conducted. Fiber optics were treated to silicon rubber molding and connected with laser light and power meters to measure the intensity of laser power generated. The working principle was carried out using the macrobending phenomenon on single-mode optical fibers. The intensity of laser light in fiber optic cables decreases in the event of indentation or bending of the fiber optic cable. Power losses resulting from the macrobending process can be seen in the result of the information sensitivity of fiber optics to the change of angle given. From the results of the study, the resulting fiber optic sensitivity value is -0.1534o/dBm. The larger the angle given, the lower the laser intensity received by the power meter.

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Andreev, V. A., A. V. Bourdine und V. A. Burdin. „Comprehensive solution for onboard fiber-optic information networks“. Radio industry (Russia) 30, Nr. 4 (23.12.2020): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2413-9599-2020-30-4-8-13.

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Problem statement. In recent years, the problem of replacing copper-core fiber-optic cables has become particularly relevant. This is due to two factors: first, the prospect of introducing unmanned vehicles and the development of electromagnetic microwave weapons that can disable electronic equipment for almost any target at a distance of 10 km or more, and second, the growing need to reduce the delay of transmitted signals on the network and increase the volume of information transmitted in these networks. The article describes the construction of onboard cable networks using fiberoptic cables. The advantages and disadvantages of fiber-optic based onboard networks are described.Objective. Development of solutions for the use of fiber-optic communication cables in onboard information networks that provide high technology for laying optical cables, the required speed of information transmission, ease of operation and modernization of information networks.Results. A comprehensive solution for building onboard information networks based on fiber-optic cables having an increased core diameter and an optimized refractive index profile in pipelines using pneumatic laying technology is proposed.Practical implications. The proposed integrated solution for onboard fiber-optic information networks, including a method for onboard laying optical cables, the use of specially developed optical fiber with an increased core diameter and reduced differential modal delay, and the development of modular telecommunications equipment, allows meeting the requirements for onboard networks to ensure reliability and safety, economic efficiency, reduce labor intensity, and ease of maintenance, components dismantling and replacement.

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Yang, Xianjin, Jingqing Ye, Guangyuan Yao, Junfeng Chi und Jiali Du. „Judge the Extent of the Harm on Electric Cables Based on Optical Fiber Sensing Technology and Found a New Mechanism of Patrolling Electric Cables“. E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 01071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018501071.

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The article comes up with a measure that uses fiber vibration sensing technology to avoid external intrusion harm on electric cables, dealing with the problem that buried cables are sometimes destroyed by constructions. This measure is based on dual Mach-Zehnder(M-Z) interference, and it makes use of power grids’ fiber-optic cables laid in the cable trench—along with the electric cables—as sensors. These sensors could monitor vibration near to optical cables and trench, and recognize the events that vibrate the cable, and finally judge the extent of the harm caused by the events. The article also try to find out a more reliable and more efficient mechanism of patrolling electric cables, which is based on the abovementioned measure.

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Tranfield, M. Wynn. „Unspooling the Legacy of Submarine Cables“. DttP: Documents to the People 46, Nr. 3 (08.10.2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v46i3.6826.

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Submarine cables represent an invisible yet crucial infrastructure that enable all manner of global communication. Despite their impact, they are seldom a matter of public interest or debate. Further, they are uniquely represented in state, federal, and international legislation. Throughout history, legislative concerns surrounding submarine cables have shifted from colonial monopolies to environmental health and national security. The following document examines the evolution of submarine cables from the first transatlantic copper wire cable to the present fiber-optic cable boom through the legislative lens.

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Popov, S. „FIBER OPTIC CABLE OF CONSISTENTLY HIGH QUALITY“. LastMile, Nr. 4 (2018): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22184/2070-8963.2018.73.4.18.20.

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Grimado, Philip B. „Dynamic characteristics of aerial fiber optic cable“. Optical Engineering 30, Nr. 6 (1991): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.55862.

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Apperl, Benjamin, Matthias Bernhardt und Karsten Schulz. „Towards Improved Field Application of Using Distributed Temperature Sensing for Soil Moisture Estimation: A Laboratory Experiment“. Sensors 20, Nr. 1 (19.12.2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010029.

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The “dual probe heat pulse” (DPHP) method using actively heated fiber optic (AHFO) cables combined with distributed temperate sensing (DTS) technology has been developed for monitoring thermal properties and soil water content at the field scale. Field scale application, however, requires the use of robust and thicker fiber optic cables, corroborating the assumption of an infinite thin heat source in the evaluation process. We therefore included a semi-analytical solution of the heat transport equation into the evaluation procedure in order to consider the finite thermal properties of the heating cable without a calibration procedure to estimate effective thermal properties of the soil. To test this new evaluation procedure, we conducted a laboratory experiment and tested different heating scenarios to infer soil moisture from volumetric heat capacity. Estimates were made by analyzing the shift of the temperature amplitude at the sensing cable and the characteristics of the response heating curve. The results were compared with results from the calibrated infinite line source solution and in situ water content point measurements and showed a good approximation of thermal properties for strong and short heat pulses. Volumetric water content estimates are similarly accurate to the results of the calibrated infinite line source solution. Problems arose with the cable spacing and the resettlement process after burying the cable.

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Griffiths, Richard W., und Herbert I. Chatterton. „Continuously Distributed Fiber Optic Monitoring System for Shipboard Applications“. Marine Technology and SNAME News 25, Nr. 03 (01.07.1988): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1988.25.3.209.

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This paper suggests several areas of applicability wherein continuously monitored fiber optic cables of composite construction will improve the sensing ability of locating and reporting the conditions extant on ships of various types. By using continuous fiber cables strategically located throughout the ship that are compositely clad with different coatings to detect temperature, pressure and strain, an optically attenuated profile can be continuously monitored on a cyclical basis to report the specific conditions on a real-time basis. Preliminary bench test results of prototype jacketed fiber optic cable indicate that strains of 0.0004 to 0.003 in./in. can be detected as well as pressure changes of similar sensitivity. Currently, tests are being run to determine temperature sensitivity, and it is expected that comparable results will be achieved. With the development of the systems and improvement in jacketing materials, further refinements and expansion of capabilities are expected.

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Al-Lawati, Ali. „Fiber optic submarine cables cuts cost modeling and cable protection aspects“. Optical Fiber Technology 22 (März 2015): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2015.01.009.

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Asril, Aprinal Adila, Yustini Yustini und Putri Azizah Herwita. „Merancang Sistem Pengukuran Redaman Transmisi Kabel Optik Single Mode Jenis Pigtail“. Elektron : Jurnal Ilmiah 11, Nr. 2 (05.12.2019): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/eji.11.2.117.

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Optical fiber is a transmission channel made of glass or plastic that is used to transmit light signals from one place to another. Optical fibers, in general, have a basic structure consisting of a fiber core, a fiber coating (cladding), and a protective layer (coating) consisting of an inner jacket. This research discusses the design of the attenuation of the fiber optic transmission measurement system by connection factor. Optical fiber cable used in this research is pigtail type cable with single-mode cable type. The cable used is 10 meters long, which will be installed in the Optical Termination Box. In the Optical Termination Box there are 6 pigtail cables, which are without connections, with a 6 cm sleeve protection one connection and two connections, also with a 4 cm sleeve protection one connection and two connections, then use a barrel adapter. In this design testing tools use Light source, Optical Power Meter, and Optical Time Domain Reflectometer). The attenuation value after testing on the protection sleeve 6cm; 12,330 dB, then the attenuation on the protection sleeve is 4cm; 12,729 dB. Then attenuation on the barrel adapter; 12,954 dB

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Spikes, Kyle T., Nicola Tisato, Thomas E. Hess und John W. Holt. „Comparison of geophone and surface-deployed distributed acoustic sensing seismic data“. GEOPHYSICS 84, Nr. 2 (01.03.2019): A25—A29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0528.1.

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The rapid and nonintrusive deployment of seismic sensors for near-surface geophysical surveys is of interest to make data acquisition efficient and to operate in a wide variety of environmental and surface-terrain conditions. We have developed and compared near-surface data acquired using a traditional vertical geophone array with data acquired using three different fiber optic cables operating in a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) configuration. The DAS cables included a helically wrapped fiber, a nearly bare single-strand fiber, and an armored single-strand fiber. These three cables are draped on the ground alongside the geophones. Equivalent processing on colocated shot gathers resulted in a high level of similarity, in particular for reflection energy acquired through geophones and the helically wrapped cable. The single-strand fibers indicate much less similarity. Frequency content, however, differs in the raw and processed gathers from the geophones and the fiber optic cables. Nonetheless, results demonstrate that DAS technology can be used successfully to acquire near-surface reflection seismic data by deploying the cables on the surface. Potential applications for this technology include rapid deployment of active and/or passive arrays for near-surface geophysical characterization for various applications at different scales.

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Mulyanto, Imam. „Curvature Analysis in Fiber Optic Cables as a Tilt Sensor Based on Macro Bending“. Journal of Technomaterials Physics 2, Nr. 2 (27.08.2020): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jotp.v2i2.5399.

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The test has been successfully carried out on optical fibers to be used as a macrobending tilt sensor using SMF-28 single mode optical fiber. The optical fiber was molded with silicon rubber, then connected to a laser light and a power meter to see the intensity of the laser power produced. The principle is carried out using the macro bending phenomenon on single mode optical fibers, where the laser light intensity in the fiber optic cable will decrease if there is a bend or bending in the fiber optic cable. We can observe the power loss resulting from the macro bending process to find out how sensitive the optical fiber is to changes in a given angle. The resulting optical fiber sensitivity value is -0.1534o/dBm.

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Peill, N. J., und M. R. Hoffmann. „Solar-Powered Photocatalytic Fiber-Optic Cable Reactor for Waste Stream Remediation“. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 119, Nr. 3 (01.08.1997): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888024.

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The design and testing of a solar-powered fiber-optic cable reactor prototype for the photocatalytic destruction of organic pollutants is presented. A concentrating collector directs sunlight into a fiber-optic cable which transmits light to a TiO2 photocatalyst immobilized on the fibers and immersed in a reaction solution. The performance of the reactor using solar and artificial UV radiation are compared. The system is also compared to another fiber-optic cable reactor having a 50 percent higher photocatalytic surface area-to-reactor volume ratio to investigate mass transport limitations. Reaction rates for the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol of 25 and 12 μMmin−1 were measured for solar and artificial UV sources, respectively. The faster reaction rate using solar radiation is due to a higher UV light flux compared to the artificial source. Both fiber-optic reactor systems were determined not to be mass transport limited. Relative quantum efficiencies of φ = 0.014 and φ = 0.020 were determined for the solar and artificial irradiations, respectively. In agreement with previous findings, enhanced quantum efficiencies are attributed to a lower absorbed light intensity-to-photocatalytic surface area ratio. The solar reactor prototype was found to degrade effectively 4-chlorophenol and may prove useful for the in situ passive decontamination of subsurface and other remote environments.

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Беспрозванных, В., Ф. Барков, Ю. Константинов, А. Кривошеев, А. Бобровский und Р. Елисеенко. „NONLINEAR REFLECTOMETRY OF FIBER-OPTIC CABLE DEFORMED STAT“. Applied photonics, Nr. 2 (03.09.2015): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2411-4367/2015.2.03.

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Wang, Ying Jian, Xiao Rui Qiao und Chun Guang Li. „Studying Acoustic Characteristics of Submarine Optic Fiber Cable“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 1605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.1605.

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The acoustic detection of SOFC is a current research hotspot, the acoustic characteristics of SOFC are very important to design of detection system. In this paper, we use Kirchhoff approximation to solve the buried SOFC scattering sound field, in order to calculate more convenient, we introduce the concept of effective target strength, and simulate the theoretical results, the result shows that, the work mode which has low working frequency, narrow beam, and large grazing angle can reach the require, provides reference for later work.

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Wilson, R. Mark. „Earthquakes can be detected with fiber-optic cable“. Physics Today 71, Nr. 3 (März 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/pt.3.3866.

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Abramov, Vadym. „PROTECTED CABLE INTERFACES OF THE SENSORY NETWORKS OF THINGS INTERNET“. Cybersecurity: Education, Science, Technique, Nr. 5 (2019): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2663-4023.2019.5.7382.

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The principles of construction and parameters of sensor network interfaces are characterized, which are characterized by a large number of sensors and a considerable distance of information transmission to the central point or server. The majority of sensors on the Internet of Things system have little performance. In this case, the sensor network requires protection against interference and interference. Only cable networks are eligible for this group of sensor networks. Sensor networks are most suitable for cable industrial networks. The analysis and comparison of industrial cable network interfaces shows that the most appropriate requirements are the RS-485 interface and its derivative interfaces. All industrial network cable interfaces are very good at satisfying one requirement and not meeting the other. Passive fiber optic network is the most satisfying. It is convenient to use passive fiber optic (PON) technologies to build such a network. There are currently quite a number of passive fiber splitter technologies that can be used to create a multipoint trunk or ring passive fiber optic network. Networks with fiber-optic encoders, which also have a large number for measuring different physical parameters, are very convenient and efficient. For the exchange of information in these networks, it is convenient to use the 1- wire interface protocol, which is supplemented by the use of frequency signals. Such networks will be lightweight and compact over time on moving objects and in hazardous conditions. The materials of the article are of interest for carrying out the educational process in universities, in particular at the Kyiv University named after B. Grinchenko.

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Bassil, Antoine, Xavier Chapeleau, Dominique Leduc und Odile Abraham. „Concrete Crack Monitoring Using a Novel Strain Transfer Model for Distributed Fiber Optics Sensors“. Sensors 20, Nr. 8 (15.04.2020): 2220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082220.

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In this paper, we study the strain transfer mechanism between a host material and an optical fiber. A new analytical model handling imperfect bonding between layers is proposed. A general expression of the crack-induced strain transfer from fractured concrete material to optical fiber is established in the case of a multilayer system. This new strain transfer model is examined through performing wedge splitting tests on concrete specimens instrumented with embedded and surface-mounted fiber optic cables. The experimental results showed the validity of the crack-induced strain expression fitted to the distributed strains measured using an Optical Backscattering Reflectometry (OBR) system. As a result, precise estimations of the crack openings next to the optical cable location were achieved, as well as the monitoring of the optical cable response through following the strain lag parameter.

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Bastianini, Filippo, Raffaella Di Sante, Francesco Falcetelli, Diego Marini und Gabriele Bolognini. „Optical Fiber Sensing Cables for Brillouin-Based Distributed Measurements“. Sensors 19, Nr. 23 (26.11.2019): 5172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235172.

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Brillouin distributed optical fiber sensing (Brillouin D-FOS) is a powerful technology for real-time in situ monitoring of various physical quantities, such as strain, temperature, and pressure. Compared to local or multi-point fiber optic sensing techniques, in Brillouin-based sensing, the optical fiber is interrogated along its complete length with a resolution down to decimeters and with a frequency encoding of the measure information that is not affected by changes in the optical attenuation. The fiber sensing cable plays a significant role since it must ensure a low optical loss and optimal transfer of the measured parameters for a long time and in harsh conditions, e.g., the presence of moisture, corrosion, and relevant mechanical or thermal stresses. In this paper, research and application regarding optical fiber cables for Brillouin distributed sensing are reviewed, connected, and extended. It is shown how appropriate cable design can give a significant contribution toward the successful exploitation of the Brillouin D-FOS technique.

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Falcetelli, Francesco, Leonardo Rossi, Raffaella Di Sante und Gabriele Bolognini. „Strain Transfer in Surface-Bonded Optical Fiber Sensors“. Sensors 20, Nr. 11 (30.05.2020): 3100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113100.

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Fiber optic sensors represent one of the most promising technologies for the monitoring of various engineering structures. A major challenge in the field is to analyze and predict the strain transfer to the fiber core reliably. Many authors developed analytical models of a coated optical fiber, assuming null strain at the ends of the bonding length. However, this configuration only partially reflects real experimental setups in which the cable structure can be more complex and the strains do not drastically reduce to zero. In this study, a novel strain transfer model for surface-bonded sensing cables with multilayered structure was developed. The analytical model was validated both experimentally and numerically, considering two surface-mounted cable prototypes with three different bonding lengths and five load cases. The results demonstrated the capability of the model to predict the strain profile and, differently from the available strain transfer models, that the strain values at the extremities of the bonded fiber length are not null.

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Andhina, Sisca Arisya Harry. „Macrobending Loss Analysis on Singlemode-Multimode-Singlemode Fiber Optic Core“. Jurnal Jartel: Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi 9, Nr. 2 (19.06.2019): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v9i2.169.

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Macrobending often occurs in optical fibers that embedded in the ground due to shifting of soil or rocks in the ground causing interference in transmission. In this study used single-mode-multimode-singlemode fiber optic cable connected manually and axially measured using a light source test equipment and optical power meter and the results will be compared. The measurement results obtained the greater value of macrobending losses with the smaller the diameter of the winding, and the greater the number of turns. The highest value of macrobending losses in multimode cables is -1.48dB at 0.5cm diameter with 5 turns, highest value of macrobending losses on single mode cables is -12.73dB at 0.5cm diameter with 5 turns, lowest value of macrobending losses for multimode cables is -0.44dB at 5cm diameter with 1 twist, lowest macrobending losses in singlemode cables is -1.69dB at 5cm diameter with 1 twist. While the value of macrobending losses on axially connected SMS cables shows the highest value of macrobending losses on multimode cables is -1.12dB in diameter of 0.5cm with 5 turns, highest value of macrobending losses on singlemode cables is -1.18dB at diameter of 0.5cm with 5 turns, lowest value for macrobending losses on multimode cables is -0.66dB at 5cm in diameter with 1 twist, the smallest value for macrobending losses on singlemode cables is -0.27dB at 5cm diameter with 1 twist . The measurement results also showed that the macrobending losses of manually connected SMS cables were greater than the macrobending losses of axially connected SMS cables.

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Wu, Robert, Pierrick Lamontagne-Hallé und Jeffrey M. McKenzie. „Uncertainties in Measuring Soil Moisture Content with Actively Heated Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing“. Sensors 21, Nr. 11 (27.05.2021): 3723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21113723.

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Actively heated fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (aFO-DTS) measures soil moisture content at sub-meter intervals across kilometres of fiber-optic cable. The technology has great potential for environmental monitoring but calibration at field scales with variable soil conditions is challenging. To better understand and quantify the errors associated with aFO-DTS soil moisture measurements, we use a parametric numerical modeling approach to evaluate different error factors for uniform soil. A thermo-hydrogeologic, unsaturated numerical model is used to simulate a 0.01 m by 0.01 m two-dimensional domain, including soil and a fiber-optic cable. Results from the model are compared to soil moisture values calculated using the commonly used Tcum calibration method for aFO-DTS. The model is found to have high accuracy between measured and observed saturations for static hydrologic conditions but shows discrepancies for more realistic settings with active recharge. We evaluate the performance of aFO-DTS soil moisture calculations for various scenarios, including varying recharge duration and heterogeneous soils. The aFO-DTS accuracy decreases as the variability in soil properties and intensity of recharge events increases. Further, we show that the burial of the fiber-optic cable within soil may adversely affect calculated results. The results demonstrate the need for careful selection of calibration data for this emerging method of measuring soil moisture content.

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Bakhoum, Ezzat G., Cheng Zhang und Marvin H. Cheng. „Real Time Measurement of Airplane Flutter via Distributed Acoustic Sensing“. Aerospace 7, Nr. 9 (29.08.2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7090125.

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This research group has recently used the new technology Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) for the monitoring and the measurement of airplane flutter. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first such use for this new technology. Traditionally, the measurement of airplane flutter requires the mounting of a very large number of sensors on the wing being monitored, and extensive wiring must be connected to all these sensors. The new system and technology introduced in this paper dramatically reduces the hardware requirements in such an application: all the traditional sensors and wiring are replaced with one fiber optic cable with a diameter of 2 mm. An electro-optical system with the size of a desktop PC monitors simultaneously one or more of such fiber optic cables and detects/characterizes any mechanical disturbances on the cables. Theoretical and experimental results are given.

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Thomas, Robert, Ronald J. Rapp, Marsha A. Spalding, Robert K. Stix, Maurice E. Kordahi und Neal S. Bergano. „Technology in Undersea Cable Systems: 50 Years of Progress“. Marine Technology Society Journal 49, Nr. 6 (01.11.2015): 88–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.49.6.4.

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AbstractUndersea cable systems provide a comprehensive example of how technology has changed during the 50-year publication history of the MTS Journal. From the 125-μm‐diameter glass optical fiber to the 12,000-ton cable ships, the design, manufacture, and installation of undersea communication systems rely on a remarkable intersection of technologies. The technologies supporting this industry have progressed significantly in many aspects. In 1965, coaxial analog systems were transmitting 128 three-kilohertz channels that were amplified by vacuum-tube-based amplifiers for consortiums of national telephone companies over simple point-to-point links. Today, a fiber-optic cable transmits 10 million times as much traffic, that is, tens of terabits of information per second, amplified by reliable erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, as part of mesh networks serving datacom, offshore oil and gas facilities, and scientific applications, each under a variety of ownership and operational models. Installation technology has changed along with the transmission technology, with advances in cable route surveys, ship positioning, cable burial, and use of remotely operated vehicles. System maintenance has become a much more practical endeavor since the advent of universal joint technologies and methodologies. Wet-mateable fiber-optic connectors enable remote, modular, subsea connection scenarios that serve a variety of applications. This paper reviews some of the history and evolution of the technology used in undersea cable systems and addresses future industry trends.

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Amer, Rasha, Ziqiu Xue, Tsutomu Hashimoto und Takeya Nagata. „Distributed Fiber Optic Strain Sensing for Geomechanical Monitoring: Insights from Field Measurements of Ground Surface Deformation“. Geosciences 11, Nr. 7 (08.07.2021): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11070285.

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In recent years, distributed fiber optic strain sensing (DFOSS) technology has demonstrated a solution for continuous deformation monitoring from subsurface to surface along the wellbore. In this study, we installed a single-mode optical fiber cable in a shallow trench to establish an effective technique for ground surface deformation mapping. We conducted three experimental field tests (iron plate load, water tank filling up load, and airbag inflation) in order to confirm the strain sensitivity of DFOSS for static loads, dynamic overload, excavation, subsidence, and uplift. This paper also presents two installation methods to couple the fiber cable with the ground under various environmental conditions; here, the fiber cable was installed in a shallow trench with one part buried in the soil and another part covered with cement. Our results suggest that covering the cable with cement is a practical approach for installing a fiber cable for ground surface deformation monitoring. By combining this approach with wellbore DFOSS, accurate surface–subsurface deformation measurements can be obtained for three-dimensional geomechanical monitoring of CO2 storage and oil and gas fields in the future.

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Vélez Márquez, Maria, Jasmin Raymond, Daniela Blessent, Mikael Philippe, Nataline Simon, Olivier Bour und Louis Lamarche. „Distributed Thermal Response Tests Using a Heating Cable and Fiber Optic Temperature Sensing“. Energies 11, Nr. 11 (07.11.2018): 3059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113059.

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Thermal response tests are used to assess the subsurface thermal conductivity to design ground-coupled heat pump systems. Conventional tests are cumbersome and require a source of high power to heat water circulating in a pilot ground heat exchanger. An alternative test method using heating cable was verified in the field as an option to conduct this heat injection experiment with a low power source and a compact equipment. Two thermal response tests using heating cable sections and a continuous heating cable were performed in two experimental heat exchangers on different sites in Canada and France. The temperature evolution during the tests was monitored using submersible sensors and fiber optic distributed temperature sensing. Free convection that can occur in the pipe of the heat exchanger was evaluated using the Rayleigh number stability criterion. The finite and infinite line source equations were used to reproduce temperature variations along the heating cable sections and continuous heating cable, respectively. The thermal conductivity profile of each site was inferred and the uncertainly of the test was evaluated. A mean thermal conductivity 15% higher than that revealed with the conventional test was estimated with heating cable sections. The thermal conductivity evaluated using the continuous heating cable corresponds to the value estimated during the conventional test. The average uncertainly associated with the heating cable section test was 15.18%, while an uncertainty of 2.14% was estimated for the test with the continuous heating cable. According to the Rayleigh number stability criterion, significant free convection can occur during the heat injection period when heating cable sections are used. The continuous heating cable with a low power source is a promising method to perform thermal response tests and further tests could be carried out in deep boreholes to verify its applicability.

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Costley, R. Daniel, Gustavo Galan-Comas, Clay K. Kirkendall, Janet E. Simms, Kent K. Hathaway, Michael W. Parker, Stephen A. Ketcham et al. „Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves with Simultaneous Fiber Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing and Vertical Geophones“. Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 23, Nr. 2 (Juni 2018): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/jeeg23.2.183.

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Experiments were performed comparing the response of fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) to vertical geophones installed on the surface. The DAS consisted of an optical interrogator attached to an optical fiber. The fiber was part of an optical cable that was installed at depths of 0.3 to 0.76 meters in a coastal environment composed of unconsolidated sand. Seismic signals generated with an impact hammer were recorded simultaneously with both systems and directly compared. Experiments were performed with two different configurations, broadside and end-fire, between the source and the fiber optic cable. The seismic signals recorded in the two configurations and with the two sensor systems were processed identically using the Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave method. The results demonstrate the suitability and limitations of using DAS for near-surface seismic measurements.

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Budiman, Edy, Haviluddin ., Masna Wati, Medi Taruk, Hario Jati Setyadi und Herman Santoso Pakpahan. „Feasibility Study of Fiber to the Home Networks for Optical Fiber Loss and Attenuation“. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, Nr. 4.44 (01.12.2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.44.26872.

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The utilization of optical fiber cable as a data transmission medium has provided various benefits and advantages in terms of data transfer and economically because it can reduce the use of many copper cables. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of Fiber To The Home (FFTH) networks by measuring and analyzing power losses caused by attenuation along the fiber optic cable. Measuring tools for attenuation use JDSU MTS-8000 while the power measurement uses Optical Power Meter. Feasibility specifications refer to ITU-T G.984. recommendations. The analysis results show that of the 110 customers observed, the average value of Link Power Budget is 20.58 dB, with an average power margin of 5.57dBm. If comparing the results of the ITU-T G.984 recommendation, it stated that was accepted, still in accordance with the rules specifications. Feasibility studies of FTTH networks on the issue of power loss and attenuation are needed in an effort to maintain the quality of service to customers. It also has a relationship with planning and developing system installations in the future.

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O'Donnell Meininger, T., und J. S. Selker. „Bed conduction impact on fiber optic distributed temperature sensing water temperature measurements“. Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 4, Nr. 1 (02.02.2015): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-4-19-2015.

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Abstract. Error in distributed temperature sensing (DTS) water temperature measurements may be introduced by contact of the fiber optic cable sensor with bed materials (e.g., seafloor, lakebed, streambed). Heat conduction from the bed materials can affect cable temperature and the resulting DTS measurements. In the Middle Fork John Day River, apparent water temperature measurements were influenced by cable sensor contact with aquatic vegetation and fine sediment bed materials. Affected cable segments measured a diurnal temperature range reduced by 10% and lagged by 20–40 min relative to that of ambient stream temperature. The diurnal temperature range deeper within the vegetation–sediment bed material was reduced 70% and lagged 240 min relative to ambient stream temperature. These site-specific results illustrate the potential magnitude of bed-conduction impacts with buried DTS measurements. Researchers who deploy DTS for water temperature monitoring should understand the importance of the environment into which the cable is placed on the range and phase of temperature measurements.

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O'Donnell Meininger, T., und J. S. Selker. „Technical Note: Bed conduction impact on fiber optic DTS water temperature measurements“. Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems Discussions 4, Nr. 2 (17.07.2014): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gid-4-375-2014.

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Abstract. Error in Distributed Temperature Sensor (DTS) water temperature measurements may be introduced by contact of the fiber optic cable sensor with bed materials (e.g., seafloor, lakebed, stream bed). Heat conduction from the bed materials can affect cable temperature and the resulting DTS measurements. In the Middle Fork John Day River, apparent water temperature measurements were influenced by cable sensor contact with aquatic vegetation and fine sediment bed materials. Affected cable segments measured a diurnal temperature range reduced by 10% and lagged by 20–40 min relative to that of ambient stream temperature. The diurnal temperature range deeper within the vegetation–sediment bed material was reduced 70% and lagged 240 min relative to ambient stream temperature. These site-specific results illustrate the potential magnitude of bed-conduction impacts with buried DTS measurements. Researchers who deploy DTS for water temperature monitoring should understand the importance of the environment into which the cable is placed on the range and phase of temperature measurements.

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Lai, Wen Qin, Zhi Hua Yang und Chun Yu Liu. „The Power Cable Online Monitor and Protect in Application System“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 742 (März 2015): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.742.221.

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】 The solution of power optical cable online monitoring and cable protection equipment roasted the perfect combination of applications,which can be solved for fiber optic cable line protection, fault location and reduce equipment loss, improve security. Through optical protection equipment improvement, it can increase light protected internal OTDR monitoring channel to achieve the protection of optical communication services and the safeguard of the route line monitoring standby position, and the loss from the original equipment involved 7dB down 3dB, which effectively improve safety and quality of electric power communication optical fiber communication network, and improve management of power optical fiber communication network.

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Nadezhdin, Igor S., Aleksey G. Goryunov und Yuliya Yu Nadezhdina. „Optical sensor of components concentration in solution“. Sensor Review 39, Nr. 5 (16.09.2019): 704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-10-2018-0259.

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Purpose This paper aims to focus on the development of an optical concentration sensor designed for measuring the concentration of components in solutions. Design/methodology/approach The operating principle of the developed sensor is based on the Bouguer–Lambert–Beer law. An optical measuring system using fiber optical cables was used for the practical implementation of the concentration sensor. Findings As a result of fiber optical cable use in the concentration sensor, the remote measurement principle was implemented, ensuring the instrument’s reliability and the reduction of operating costs. Originality/value The advantage of the proposed measuring system is that the sensitive element is maintenance-free, does not require power supply and can operate under severe industrial conditions. Using a fiber optic cable to transmit a light signal allows placing the sensitive element at a distance of several tens of meters from the electronics unit (the smart part).

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Denney, Dennis. „Fiber-Optic Dynamic Riser-Cable System for Deepwater Application“. Journal of Petroleum Technology 50, Nr. 08 (01.08.1998): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0898-0045-jpt.

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윤중현, Cho Myung Hyun und 김원배. „Stabilization Light Source Development for Fiber-Optic Cable Track“. Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology 14, Nr. 1 (Februar 2012): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17958/ksmt.14.1.201202.77.

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Gene Weitz. „Prediction and Minimization of Fiber Optic Cable Pulling Tensions“. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 4, Nr. 5 (August 1986): 686–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.1986.1146368.

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Stangl, G., und D. Turney. „Meeting the Fiber Optic Challenge with Vibratory Cable Plows“. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 4, Nr. 5 (August 1986): 693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.1986.1146379.

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Konečná, Z., V. Plaček und P. Havránek. „Unusual Attenuation Recovery Process After Fiber Optic Cable Irradiation“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 266 (November 2017): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/266/1/012005.

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Tyler, Scott W., Susan A. Burak, James P. McNamara, Aurele Lamontagne, John S. Selker und Jeff Dozier. „Spatially distributed temperatures at the base of two mountain snowpacks measured with fiber-optic sensors“. Journal of Glaciology 54, Nr. 187 (2008): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214308786570827.

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AbstractSnowpack base temperatures vary during accumulation and diurnally. Their measurement provides insight into physical, biological and chemical processes occurring at the snow/soil interface. Recent advances in Raman-spectra instruments, which use the scattered light in a standard telecommunications fiber-optic cable to infer absolute temperature along the entire length of the fiber, offer a unique opportunity to obtain basal snow temperatures at resolutions of 1 m, 10 s and 0.1°C. Measurements along a 330 m fiber over 24 hours during late-spring snowmelt at Mammoth Mountain, California, USA, showed basal snow temperatures of 0 ± 0.2°C using 10 s averages. Where the fiber-optic cable traversed bare ground, surface temperatures approached 40°C during midday. The durability of the fiber optic was excellent; no major damage or breaks occurred through the winter of burial. Data from the Dry Creek experimental watershed in Idaho across a small stream valley showed little variability of temperature on the northeast-facing, snow-covered slope, but clearly showed melting patterns and the effects of solar heating on southwest-facing slopes. These proof-of-concept experiments show that the technology enables more detailed spatial and temporal coverage than traditional point measurements of temperature.

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K, Saravanan, und V. Mathivananr. „Fibre Optic Infrastructure for Network Deployment Using Application System“. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, Nr. 2 (01.02.2018): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i2.pp311-315.

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Fiber optic has an imperative part in the improvement of media communications framework in Indonesia. Better system execution and nature of the speed that offered by fiber optic can bolster the information prerequisite which keeps on expanding each year. In Indonesia, Fiber Optics is utilized as the essential system foundation Backbone and Access and still keep on developing the fiber optic system in Indonesia. Therefore, the process of reporting, controlling and monitoring are imperative for network deployment of fiber optic network by using an application system to be more efficient and accelerate the decision making process. In this study FOMApps is made, an android based application that facilitates the requirements of monitoring, controlling and reporting the fiber optic project between the Government and fiber optic deployment provider. Specifically, FOMApps incorporate distinctive announcing positions for each sort of employment. The test aftereffects of detailing framework Optical Fiber Cable (Outside Plant) has a speed in conveying the report added up to 257.516 seconds. So from the outcomes that are acquired, the application is plausible for use in detailing the arrangement of Outside Plant Fiber Optic. With the presence of this application, we expect the way toward controlling and checking between the Government and fiber optic organizations suppliers are accomplished.

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