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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Fgas"
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Mazid, Mohd, Rajib Chowdhury und Fiza Khan. „Evaluation of Chickpea Cultiv ation Approaches in Terms of Environmental Resilience and Future Protein Security“. Current Agriculture Research Journal 2, Nr. 2 (19.11.2014): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.2.2.07.
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The commercial growth in chickpea production for exportation purposes is not keeping pace with increasing demand for protein and protein derived products. In this concern, a pot experiment was conducted under field conditions during winter 2013-2014 at Botany department, AMU, Aligarh, India. Treatment consists of (1) FW (2) FP (3) FS (4) FPS (5) SGA (6) SGA+FP (7) SGA+FS (8) SGA+FPS (9) FGA (10) FGAP (11) FGAS (12) FGAPS (13) SGA+FGA (14) SGA+FGAP9 (15) SGA+FGAS (16) SGA+FGAPS. Before sowing, the seeds of chickpea are soaked for 8 h in 10-6M GA3. After 60 and 70 days of sowing, the plants were sprayed with 10-6MGA3 along with 2 kg P and /or S/ha in equal splits. Performance of the crop was assessed especially in terms of nodule number per plant, nitrate reductase activity (NR), nitrogenase (N-ase) two most significant N-fixing enzymes, leghaemoglobin content (Lb), pod weight per plant, seed yield per plant, and seed protein content. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content in leaves were influenced almost non-significantly due to applied P and S level. Treatment (16) SGA+FGAPS proved best, it enhanced NR by 22.37% and 22.46%; Lb by 206.113 and 215.38% respectively at 90 and 100 DAS. Seed yield per plant and seed protein content enhanced by 86 and 21% by the same treatment at harvest without compromising the N-fixing activity.
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Shi, Xingsong, und Wenjing Wan. „A Cross-Cultural Genre Analysis of Firm-Generated Advertisements on Twitter and Sina Weibo“. Journal of Business and Technical Communication 36, Nr. 1 (01.10.2021): 71–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10506519211044186.
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To investigate the generic features of firm-generated advertisements (FGAs) in cross-cultural contexts, this study analyzed 327 FGAs by Dell Technologies and the Lenovo Group on Twitter and Sina Weibo. Integrating affordances and multimodality into genre analysis, the study showed that the FGAs were characterized by (a) flexible move structure, (b) persuasive language, (c) visual illustration, and (d) hyperlinks, hashtagging (#), and mentioning (@) functions. The FGAs on Sina Weibo, compared with those on Twitter, tended to use more language play, emojis, and contextual product pictures and show more emphasis on the niche of products, incentives, and celebrity endorsement.
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Borja, Norilie Jann A., Mary Rhovian B. Bacani, Jiven F. Coloma und Alyanna Mariko Esconde. „Fermented Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata L.) as Nutrient Solu-tion on the Growth of Batavia Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under Kratky Hy-droponic Method“. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research 4, Nr. 8 (23.08.2023): 3034–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.08.36.
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Golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata L.) is considered as a notorious pest in the rice fields along with different agricultural countries including the Philippines. This study was conducted to develop a fermented golden apple snail (FGAS) nutrient solution and investigate its effects on the growth of green loose-leaf Batavia lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) under a Kratky hydroponic method. Green-loose leaf in grand rapid variety were used as the test plant to assess the effectiveness of the five treatments in the study: T1-SNAP solution, T2-FGAS, T3-double strength FGAS, T4-molasses, and T5-water. Due to its better suitability for trials carried out inside a screenhouse system, complete randomized design was used in the study. Moreover, the pH, electric conductivity (EC) and temperature of the treatments were measured as well as relative humidity and temperature within the screenhouse as indicators of its physicochemical characteristics. The developed FGAS has a 1:1:1 ratio composed of the meat of the P. canaliculata, food-grade molasses, and water. The result indicated that the lettuces which grew on T2-FGAS are comparable with the lettuces on the positive control. T1-SNAP solution in terms of plant height, number of leaves, length and width of the biggest leaf, fresh weight, and root length. However, lettuces on T2-FGAS displayed better leaf coloration, dry weight, and width of the biggest lettuce leaf than T1-SNAP. Additionally, L. sativa plants cultivated in T3-double strength FGAS produced results that were comparable to those obtained with negative treatments T4-molasses and T5-water. The study further revealed that the developed FGAS can probably be used as hydroponic nutrient solution by plant growers. The researchers recommend microbiological water analysis and lettuce contents analysis for further study.
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Dibben, Claire R. M., Golam M. Khandaker, Benjamin R. Underwood, Christopher O'Loughlin, Catherine Keep, Louisa Mann und Peter B. Jones. „First-generation antipsychotics: not gone but forgotten“. BJPsych Bulletin 40, Nr. 2 (April 2016): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.115.050708.
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Aims and methodTo identify training needs of the next generation of psychiatrists and barriers in prescribing first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs). We have surveyed psychiatry trainees in East Anglia with regard to their training experience, knowledge and attitudes to the use of oral FGAs as regular medication.ResultsTwo-thirds of trainees were aware that first- and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) have similar efficacy, and a similar proportion perceived the older drugs to have more or ‘stronger’ side-effects. Lack of training experience was noted as the second leading concern for prescribing FGAs. A quarter of trainees received no training exposure to the older drugs and two-thirds had never initiated these drugs themselves. Although nearly 90% of trainees felt confident about initiating an oral SGA as a regular medication, only about 40% felt confident with FGAs (P<0.001).Clinical implicationsThe survey highlights worrying gaps in training. FGAs can be used effectively, minimising side-effects, by careful dose titration, avoiding antipsychotic polypharmacy, high-dose, and high-potency drugs, thus ensuring they are not lost to future generations of psychiatrists.
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Zhang, Jian-Ping, Juan A. Gallego, Delbert G. Robinson, Anil K. Malhotra, John M. Kane und Christoph U. Correll. „Efficacy and safety of individual second-generation vs. first-generation antipsychotics in first-episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis“. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 16, Nr. 6 (01.07.2013): 1205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1461145712001277.
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Abstract Because early treatment choice is critical in first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (FES), this meta-analysis compared efficacy and tolerability of individual second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) with first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) in FES. We conducted systematic literature search (until 12 December 2010) and meta-analysis of acute, randomized trials with ⩾1 FGA vs. SGA comparison; patients in their first episode of psychosis and diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders; available data for psychopathology change, treatment response, treatment discontinuation, adverse effects, or cognition. Across 13 trials (n = 2509), olanzapine (seven trials) and amisulpride (one trial) outperformed FGAs (haloperidol: 9/13 trials) in 9/13 and 8/13 efficacy outcomes, respectively, risperidone (eight trials) in 4/13, quetiapine (one trial) in 3/13 and clozapine (two trials) and ziprasidone (one trial) in 1/13, each. Compared to FGAs, extrapyramidal symptom (EPS)-related outcomes were less frequent with olanzapine, risperidone and clozapine, but weight gain was greater with clozapine, olanzapine and risperidone. Pooled SGAs were similar to FGAs regarding total psychopathology change, depression, treatment response and metabolic changes. SGAs significantly outperformed FGAs regarding lower treatment discontinuation, irrespective of cause, negative symptoms, global cognition and less EPS and akathisia, while SGAs increased weight more (p < 0.05–0.01). Results were not affected by FGA dose or publication bias, but industry-sponsored studies favoured SGAs more than federally funded studies. To summarize, in FES, olanzapine, amisulpride and, less so, risperidone and quetiapine showed superior efficacy, greater treatment persistence and less EPS than FGAs. However, weight increase with olanzapine, risperidone and clozapine and metabolic changes with olanzapine were greater. Additional FES studies including broader-based SGAs and FGAs are needed.
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Brownson, Simcha, Francesco Belfiore, Roberto Maiolino, Lihwai Lin und Stefano Carniani. „What drives galaxy quenching? Resolving molecular gas and star formation in the green valley“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 498, Nr. 1 (24.07.2020): L66—L71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slaa128.
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ABSTRACT We study quenching in seven green valley galaxies on kpc scales by resolving their molecular gas content using 12CO(1–0) observations obtained with NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array and Atacama Large Millimeter Array, and their star formation rate using spatially resolved optical spectroscopy from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey. We perform radial stacking of both data sets to increase the sensitivity to molecular gas and star formation, thereby avoiding biases against strongly quenched regions. We find that both spatially resolved gas fraction (fgas) and star formation efficiency ($\rm {SFE}$) are responsible for quenching green valley galaxies at all radii: both quantities are suppressed with respect to typical star-forming regions. fgas and $\rm {SFE}$ have roughly equal influence in quenching the outer disc. We are, however, unable to identify the dominant mechanism in the strongly quenched central regions. We find that fgas is reduced by $\rm \sim\! 1~dex$ in the central regions, but the star formation rate is too low to be measured, leading to upper limits for the $\rm {SFE}$. Moving from the outer disc to central regions, the reduction in fgas is driven by an increasing $\rm \Sigma _{\star }$ profile rather than a decreasing $\rm \Sigma _{H_{2}}$ profile. The reduced fgas may therefore be caused by a decrease in the gas supply rather than molecular gas ejection mechanisms, such as winds driven by active galactic nuclei. We warn more generally that studies investigating fgas may be deceiving in inferring the cause of quenching, particularly in the central (bulge-dominated) regions of galaxies.
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Di Lorenzo, G., A. Mucci, A. Vignapiano, G. Giordano, F. Ferrentino, C. Niolu, M. Altamura, D. Marasco und S. Galderisi. „Effects of chronic antipsychotic treatment on neurophysiological correlates of the auditory oddball task in schizophrenia: A preliminary report from a multicentre study“. European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2124.
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IntroductionThe effects of chronic antipsychotic administration on the human brain are debated. In particular, first-generation (FGAs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) seem to have different impacts on brain function and structure in subjects with schizophrenia. Few studies have investigated the effect of chronic administration of FGAs and SGAs on indices of brain function, such as event-related potentials (ERP) or neuropsychological performance.ObjectivesWithin the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses study, subjects stabilized on FGAs or SGAs were compared on P300, an ERP component, thought to reflect attention, working memory and context integration and on neurocognitive indices.MethodsERPs were recorded in 110 chronic, stabilized patients with Schizophrenia (28 used FGAs) during a standard auditory oddball task. P300 latency and amplitude were assessed at Pz channel. MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used for cognitive assessment.ResultsCompared with the SGAs group, patients on FGAs showed significant increased P300 latency (P = 0.003; Cohen's d = 0.67) and significant decreased P300 amplitudes (P = 0.023; Cohen's d = 0.38). The two groups did not differ on psychopathology and MCCB scores. Multiple linear regressions revealed that “FGAs vs. SGAs” (β = 0.298, P = 0.002) and MCCB neurocognitive composite T-score (β = –0.273, P = 0.004) were independent predictors of P300 latency, whereas only age (β = –0.220, P = 0.027) was an independent predictor of P300 amplitude.ConclusionsFGAs seem to affect the functional brain activity more than SGAs, particularly slowing cortical processing. Our results suggest that discrepant findings concerning P300 latency in schizophrenia might be related to the type of antipsychotic treatment used. Longitudinal studies are needed to further address this issue.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Corbo, M., T. Acciavatti, S. Marini, E. Cinosi, L. Di Tizio, L. Di Caprio, D. Viceconte et al. „First-generation versus second-generation antipsychotic drugs for depression in schizophrenia“. European Psychiatry 33, S1 (März 2016): s245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.620.
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IntroductionA certain degree of depressive symptoms is common in schizophrenic patients. The assessment and treatment of depressive symptoms in schizophrenia is clinically challenging.ObjectivesWe conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the depressive dimension of schizophrenic patients.AimsThe aim was to evaluate the effect of pharmacotherapy on depressive symptomatology.MethodsThirty-four outpatients (18-65 years old) with stable schizophrenia in monotherapy with FGAs or SGAs. We evaluated: depressive symptoms with Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia; positive and negative symptoms (with Positive and Negative Symptom Scale); neurocognition (with Matrics Cognitive Consensus Battery); social cognition (with Facial Emotional Identification Test); social functioning (with Personal and Social Performance Scale and with UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment). Collected data underwent statistical analyses.ResultsA SGAs therapy was associated with: lower depressive symptoms (mean SGAs group = 4.0; mean FGAs group = 7.86, P < 0.05); lower mean positive symptoms (mean SGAs group = 12.65; mean FGAs group = 17.43, P < 0.05); lower negative symptoms (mean SGAs group = 21.35; mean FGAs group = 29.07, P < 0.05); lower scores on the PANSS-total (mean SGAs group = 71.05; mean FGAs group = 91.86, P < 0.01). After correction for multiple variables, the SGAs group still had significantly lower values towards the FGAs group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur study support the notion that switch from a FGA to a SGA could be a relatively simple first-step for the treatment of this condition. Atypical antipsychotics might exercise antidepressant effects with different potential mechanism including: remission of a FGA-induced depression and action on of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine [other than postsynaptic D2], and α1-noradrenergic receptor sites.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Mantz, Adam B., R. Glenn Morris, Steven W. Allen, Rebecca E. A. Canning, Lucie Baumont, Bradford Benson, Lindsey E. Bleem et al. „Cosmological constraints from gas mass fractions of massive, relaxed galaxy clusters“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 510, Nr. 1 (26.11.2021): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3390.
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ABSTRACT We present updated cosmological constraints from measurements of the gas mass fractions (fgas) of massive, dynamically relaxed galaxy clusters. Our new data set has greater leverage on models of dark energy, thanks to the addition of the Perseus cluster at low redshifts, two new clusters at redshifts z ≳ 1, and significantly longer observations of four clusters at 0.6 < z < 0.9. Our low-redshift (z < 0.16) fgas data, combined with the cosmic baryon fraction measured from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), imply a Hubble constant of h = 0.722 ± 0.067. Combining the full fgas data set with priors on the cosmic baryon density and the Hubble constant, we constrain the dark energy density to be ΩΛ = 0.865 ± 0.119 in non-flat Lambda cold dark matter (cosmological constant) models, and its equation of state to be $w=-1.13_{-0.20}^{+0.17}$ in flat, constant-w models, respectively 41 per cent and 29 per cent tighter than our previous work, and comparable to the best constraints available from other probes. Combining fgas, CMB, supernova, and baryon acoustic oscillation data, we also constrain models with global curvature and evolving dark energy. For the massive, relaxed clusters employed here, we find the scaling of fgas with mass to be consistent with a constant, with an intrinsic scatter that corresponds to just ∼3 per cent in distance.
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Mancera Piña, Pavel E., Lorenzo Posti, Gabriele Pezzulli, Filippo Fraternali, S. Michael Fall, Tom Oosterloo und Elizabeth A. K. Adams. „A tight angular-momentum plane for disc galaxies“. Astronomy & Astrophysics 651 (Juli 2021): L15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141574.
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The relations between the specific angular momenta (j) and masses (M) of galaxies are often used as a benchmark in analytic models and hydrodynamical simulations as they are considered to be amongst the most fundamental scaling relations. Using accurate measurements of the stellar (j*), gas (jgas), and baryonic (jbar) specific angular momenta for a large sample of disc galaxies, we report the discovery of tight correlations between j, M, and the cold gas fraction of the interstellar medium (fgas). At fixed fgas, galaxies follow parallel power laws in 2D (j, M) spaces, with gas-rich galaxies having a larger j* and jbar (but a lower jgas) than gas-poor ones. The slopes of the relations have a value around 0.7. These new relations are amongst the tightest known scaling laws for galaxies. In particular, the baryonic relation (jbar − Mbar − fgas), arguably the most fundamental of the three, is followed not only by typical discs but also by galaxies with extreme properties, such as size and gas content, and by galaxies previously claimed to be outliers of the standard 2D j − M relations. The stellar relation (j* − M* − fgas) may be connected to the known j* − M*-bulge fraction relation; however, we argue that the jbar − Mbar − fgas relation can originate from the radial variation in the star formation efficiency in galaxies, although it is not explained by current disc instability models.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Fgas"
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Marečková, Kateřina. „Využití včelího pylu jako bioindikátoru stavu životního prostředí“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216791.
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Pesticides and their excessive use lead to environmental pollution. Violation of the guidelines for their use disposal of empty containers could lead to contamination of water, soil and poisoning of animals and beneficial insects. Honey bee is useful creature on our planet. Good farming depends entirely on the pollination, but whole vegetal kingdom couldn’t exist it form known and used by mankind. Therefore, rules that protect these useful creatures against inadequate use of pesticides have been developed. This study focuses on the evaluation of the possibility to use bee products as bioindicators of the state of environment. Five active substances which are components of pesticides used in the treatment of agricultural field around Tasovice village were analysed in the pollen and honey. For sample preparation QuEChERS and SPE methods were used, gas chromatography with to mass spectrometric detection was employed as final analytical technique.
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Sena, Renata Moura. „FGTS: análise das propostas de flexibilização“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9371.
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Previous issue date: 2009-05-05This thesis concerns about proposals were made in order to make flexible the use or application of the FGTS. It includes impact analysis over the government, firms and employees. The FGTS is an important device of public saving and it is able to led resources toward habitation, sewer and infrastructure areas. It is also a sort of contingency reserve available to the workers to use when them got fired or in others specific moments, according to the law. The enterprises face them like an extra cost related to the hiring process. So, it was studied features related to this fund - including management issues - to check the application possibilities and financials outcomes. In the conclusion we realized that FGTS is an important tool, it is not so simple to make its use flexible because the proposals are not complete enough to cover the impacts. And finally, its relevance increases in periods that private credits are reduced
A dissertação analisa as propostas de liberalização do FGTS e seus possíveis impactos sobre o governo, as empresas e os trabalhadores. O FGTS é um importante instrumento de poupança compulsória capaz de direcionar recursos para as áreas de habitação, saneamento básico e infra-estrutura. Ao mesmo tempo, é um pecúlio do trabalhador com o intuito de indenizá-lo quando de sua demissão ou em outras circunstâncias que a lei permite. Acrescente-se que, as empresas o consideram um custo adicional à contratação de trabalhadores pelo mercado formal. Assim, são estudadas as características e aplicações do Fundo, o gerenciamento dos recursos de modo a verificar as aplicações e os retornos financeiros. A conclusão é que, apesar da baixa remuneração ao trabalhador e dos custos para as empresas, o FGTS é um importante instrumento de funding que se torna ainda mais relevante em situações em que há redução do crédito privado
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Pratapa, Suminar. „Synthesis and character of a functionally-graded aluminium titanate/zirconia-alumina composite“. Thesis, Curtin University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/988.
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A functionally-graded Al(subscript)2TiO(subscript)5/ZrO(subscript)2-Al(subscript)2O(subscript)3 (AT/zirconia-alumina) composite has been successfully synthesized by an infiltration process involving an alpha-Al(subscript)2O(subscript)3-ZrO(subscript)2 (90:10 by weight) green body and a solution containing titanium chloride. The mass gain after infiltration has been used to estimate the amount of new phase introduced into the system. The phase composition character of the functionally-graded material (FGM) has been determined by x-ray diffraction. The Rietveld "whole pattern" refinement method was applied to diffraction patterns of the sample which were collected from the surface and at several depths which were made by polishing away the material. Absolute weight fraction determination using the Rietveld external standard method showed that the concentration of AT reduces linearly from the surface to the core. In contrast, the alpha-alumina content increases with depth in a complementary manner. Low level amorphous phase was also observed. Other functionally-graded microstructural profiles examined were x-ray characteristic line intensity of Ti, Ti dot-mapping, and alpha-alumina grain size. The FGM also exhibits graded character in both thermal and mechanical properties, i.e. thermal expansion, microhardness, and Young's modulus. The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of the FGM increased with polishing-depth and approached that of the zirconia-alumina reference sample at a depth of 0.5 mm.Relatively lower thermal expansion and softer surface layer in comparison to those of the core (TEC value of 5.9 x 10(subscript)-6 degrees celsius(subscript)-1 and microhardness of 6 GPa compared to 7.4 x 10(subscript)-6 degrees celsius(subscript)-1 and 12 GPa, respectively) render possibilities to implement the material to which thermal shock resistance surface but hard core, such as a metal melting crucible, are required. Load-dependent microhardness was obviously observed on the surface of the material but only slight dependence was observed in the core. This observation indicated that the material exhibit "quasi-ductile" surface but brittle core. In comparison to the reference specimen, the FGM displayed damage-tolerance and remarkable machinability.
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Papadopoulou, Stella. „FGFs and Wnts in pancreatic growth and β-cell function“. Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Umeå centrum för molekylär medicin (UCMM), 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-528.
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Mesenchymal-epithelial interactions are pivotal for proper pancreatic growth and development. The pancreatic progenitor cells present in the early pancreatic anlagen proliferate and eventually give rise to all pancreatic cell types. The Fibroblast Growth Factor 2b (FGFR2b) high-affinity ligand Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 (FGF10) has been linked to pancreatic epithelial cell proliferation and we have previously shown that Notch signalling controls pancreatic cell differentiation via lateral inhibition. By overexpressing FGF10 under the control of the Ipf1/Pdx1 promoter in mice, we have shown that persistent FGF10 activation in the embryonic pancreas of transgenic mice perturbs pancreatic epithelial cell proliferation and also inhibits pancreatic cell differentiation by maintaining Notch activation. In the Ipf1/Fgf10 transgenic mice, the pancreatic epithelial cells are ‘locked’ in an undifferentiated progenitor-like state with sustained proliferative capacity. Collectively, our data suggest a key role for FGFR2b/FGF10 signalling in the regulation of pancreatic growth and differentiation and that FGFR2b/FGF10 signalling interact with the Notch signalling pathway. Glucose homeostasis in mammals is critically dependent on co-ordinated glucose uptake, oxidative metabolism and insulin secretion in β-cells. Although, several key genes controlling various aspects of glucose sensing, glucose metabolism, insulin expression and secretion have been identified, we know relatively little about the molecular mechanisms that induce and maintain the expression of genes required for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in β-cells. Attenuation of FGFR1c signalling leads to diabetes in mice. Overexpression of FGF2, a high-affinity FGFR1c ligand, under the control of the Ipf1/Pdx1 promoter also leads to diabetes in mice. The Ipf1/Fgf2 mice present with normal endocrine and exocrine differentiation but display impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), perturbed expression of genes required for glucose sensing uptake together with oxidative metabolism and increased expression of the FGF-signalling inhibitors Spry-2 and Pyst1/MKP3 in β-cells. Thus, stringent control of FGF signalling activation appears crucial for the maintenance of the regulatory circuit that ensures proper GSIS in pancreatic β-cells and hence normoglycaemia. The Wnt family of ligands via their receptors Frizzled (Frz) have been shown to mediate mesenchymal-epithelial interactions and cell proliferation in a variety of different systems. Expression of a plethora of Wnt ligands and Frz receptors has been previously reported in the pancreas and mice missexpressing Wnt1 and Wnt5a under the Ipf1/Pdx1 promoter display severely perturbed development. Here, we show the temporal and spatial expression of Wnt4, Wnt7b and Frz3 at different stages of pancreas development. To elucidate the role of Wnt signalling in the pancreas, we overexpressed a dominant negative form of mouse Frz8 under the Ipf1/Pdx1 promoter in mice. The Ipf1/Frz8CRD mice display severe pancreatic hypoplasia demonstrating that attenuation of Wnt signalling in the pancreas leads to perturbed pancreatic growth. Nevertheless, the transgenic mice present with normal endocrine and exocrine differentiation and remain normoglycaemic. The maintenance of normoglycaemia in these mice appears to be the consequence of a relative increase in endocrine cell number per pancreatic area combined with enhanced insulin biosynthesis and insulin secretion. Collectively our data provide evidence that Wnt signalling is required pancreatic growth but not adult β-cell function.
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VASQUES, DANIEL STRAUSS. „THE EFFECTS OF THE FGTS ON THE FORMAL WORKERS INCOME“. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7400@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORA legislação brasileira obriga trabalhadores a pouparem parte de seus rendimentos em contas do Fundo de Garantia por Tempo de Serviço (FGTS). Essas contas rendem juros abaixo dos de mercado e têm liquidez limitada. Essa dissertação propõe um modelo para a análise dos efeitos que o FGTS causa nos rendimentos do trabalhador. Para isso, dividimos os rendimentos do trabalhador em duas porções, o salário líquido e as verbas rescisórias, sobre as quais a introdução do FGTS pode exercer efeitos distintos. Do modelo, extraímos que o FGTS diminui o salário dos trabalhadores formais e que, proporcionalmente, maior será essa diminuição quanto maior for a probabilidade de demissão do empregado. Tal resultado advém do fato de que o empregador, ao provisionar para o pagamento das verbas rescisórias no futuro, se beneficia do diferencial entre a remuneração das contas-vinculadas e os juros vigentes. Já o efeito do FGTS sobre o rendimento do trabalhador, quando se leva em conta também a expectativa das verbas rescisórias, é ambíguo. Se, por um lado, há um prejuízo para o trabalhador proveniente da baixa remuneração do saldo de sua conta, por outro, sobre todas as verbas do FGTS - depósitos mensais, resgate e multa - não incidem quaisquer tributos, para débito do empregado ou empregador. Dessa maneira, o FGTS poderia aumentar o rendimento do trabalhador. Finalmente, utilizando as modificaçõees introduzidas pela Lei Complementar 110 de 2001, que celebrou o Acordo do FGTS, encontramos alguma evidência empírica que, de fato, o FGTS diminui salários dos trabalhadores formais.
According to the Brazilian labor legislation, it is mandatory for workers to save part of their rent into Fundo de Garantia por Tempo de Serviço (FGTS) accounts. These accounts yield below-market interest rates and have a limited liquidity. This paper proposes a model to analyze the effects the FGTS legislation causes on the worker´s income. We divide the worker´s income in two portions, the liquid wages and severance payments, on which FGTS might produce different effects. From the model, we extract that the FGTS decreases formal worker´s wages and that, proportionally, the larger the probability of being fired, the larger the decrease. That result comes from the fact that, when provisioning for the severance payments in the future, the employer benefits from the difference between FGTS account returns and market interest rates. The effect of the FGTS on the worker´s total income, on the other hand, is ambiguous. The fact that all the FGTS savings and fines are exempt from taxes - for both the employer and the employee - might compensate the worker from the low returns of this mandatory savings, increasing the total worker´s income. Finally, using the 2001 FGTS Agreement changes in the legislation, we found some empirical evidence that the FGTS decreases wages of formal workers.
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Abud, Helen E. „Examination of methods for the study of FGFs during mouse development“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260765.
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Martineau, Yvan. „Régulations traductionnelles de l'expression des facteurs de croissance fibroblastiques, les FGFs“. Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30076.
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La traduction de certains ARNm peut s'effectuer directement par leur région 5' non traduite (5'NTR) via un IRES, alors même que la machinerie d'initiation de traduction ne peut utiliser la coiffe. Nous avons recherché des IRES dans les 5'NTR des ARNm du FGF-1, puis dans ceux de tous les autres FGFs. Les quatre transcrits du FGF-1 codent pour une seule isoforme protéique et ne différent que par leur 5'NTR A, B, C et D. Deux IRES très actifs, de 118 et 103 nucléotides respectivement, ont été caractérisés dans les 5'NTR A et C. L'analyse de l'IRES A a révélé la conservation du motif essentiel D2. Pour visualiser la tissu spécificité et les régulations in vivo, nous avons développé 2 lignées de souris transgéniques exprimant les 5'NTR A et B du FGF-1 murin. Nous avons entrepris de déterminer l'influence du type cellulaire et du taux de transcription sur des IRES viraux et cellulaires. Les résultats suggèrent un lien entre la transcription et la traduction
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Zhang, S. (Shaobing). „Kidney development: roles of Sprouty, Wnt2b and type XVIII collagen in the ureteric bud morphogenesis“. Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2003. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514269918.
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Abstract
The mammalian metanephric kidney develops through ureteric bud branching morphogenesis and tubule formation and involves secreted inductive signals and possibly their antagonists to regulate the process. Sprouty (spry) genes encode antagonists of FGFs and the EGF signalling pathways. To get an insight to potential developmental roles of the spry genes, the expression of spry1, 2 and 4 was analyzed in developing kidney. Spry1 is expressed in the ureteric bud, and spry2 and 4 in the ureteric bud, the kidney mesenchyme and the nephrons deriving from it suggesting developmental roles for the sprys in kidney development.
Spry function was addressed in vivo in the kidney by targeting hspry2 expression to the ureteric bud with a Pax2 promoter. Hspry2 expression led to development of small, ectopic and cystic kidneys. Ureter branching was reduced and there was less glomeruli in a smaller kidney compared to the wild type controls. Spry2 may antagonize signalling of FGF2 and lead to changes in FGFR1 and FGFR3 expression. In organ culture ectopic FGFs restored ureteric branching of the hSpry2 transgenic kidneys suggesting that hSpry2 may antagonize FGF signalling in embryonic kidney. In addition to changes in FGFs, hspry2 expression also lead to downregulation of GDNF and BMP4. We conclude that the Sprouty-FGFs-FGFR signaling is important for kidney development.
Wnt2b is a recently identified member of the Wnt family of secreted growth factors, but its function in organogenesis is unknown. In the kidney Wnt2b is localized to the perinephric mesenchymal cells at the initiation of organogenesis. Wnt2b signalling supported ureteric bud growth and branching in vitro. Ureteric bud that was co-cultured with Wnt2b expressive cells or incubated with a known Wnt pathway regulator lithium, and then recombined with isolated kidney mesenchyme led to recovery of the expression of some ureteric epithelial marker genes and reconstitution of early kidney development. Hence, Wnt2b signalling is critical for induction of ureteric branching in vitro.
Type XVIII collagen is a matrix molecule and may be involved in Wnt signalling. Roles of type XVIII collagen in kidney and lung organogenesis was analysed. Type XVIII collagen expression correlated with the differences in epithelial branching in both of these organs and its expression in the epithelial tissue was mutually exclusive. In recombinants of ureteric bud and lung mesenchyme, type XVIII collagen expression pattern shifted from kidney to lung type and was accompanied by a shift in epithelial Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) expression and by ectopic lung Surfactant Protein C in the ureteric bud. Blocking of type XVIII collagen function prevented ureteric development with lung mesenchyme and associated with reduction in the expression of Wnt2.
Taken together, the findings suggest critical roles for Sprouty2, Wnt2b and type XVIII collagen in controlling pattern formation and the mode of ureteric bud branching in the embryonic kidney.
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Pontes, Julian José Hilgemberg. „Projeto e prototipação de interfaces e redes intrachip não-síncronas em FGPAs“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/1703.
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Previous issue date: 2008The evolution of deep submicron technologies allows the development of increasingly complex Systems on a Chip. However, this evolution is rendering less viable some well-established design practices. Examples of these are the use of multipoint communication architectures (e. g. busses) and designing fully synchronous systems. In addition, power dissipation is becoming one of the main design concerns due e. g. to the increasing use of mobile products such as PDAs, mobile phones and laptop computers. An alternative to overcome the design practices becoming unviable is adopting Networks on Chip (NoCs) communication architectures supporting globally asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS) system design. This work has as main goal the development of features to support the design of GALS systems in FPGAs devices. The selection of FPGAs as target architecture occurred because several of these commercial devices already contain features supporting the design of GALS systems, such as the availability of multiple independent clock domains. Also, FPGAs are used in many scenarios as an important verification step in the design of complex integrated circuits. This works explores three development axes for enabling GALS design in FPGAs. Each one led to its own set of usable, practical results. First, there is the proposition and design of a macro block library of asynchronous devices for FPGAs. The cells of this library can be used to create compact and efficient non-synchronous modules in FPGAs. Second, after comparing a set of approaches for developing asynchronous interfaces in FPGAs and ASICS, the SCAFFI family of asynchronous interfaces was proposed. SCAFFI allows that modules operating in distinct clock domains interconnect to each other seamlessly. Third, two NoC routers supporting the GALS systems were proposed and validated: Hermes GALS (Hermes-G) and Hermes GALS Low Power (Hermes-GLP). The Hermes-GLP router, besides supporting the development of GALS systems, takes advantage of the GALS design style to reduce power dissipation in the routers. The way to achieve this is to add frequency switching mechanisms to the latter. Some circuits have been employed as case studies to validate the two first development axes, including an RSA cryptography core and combinational and pipeline multipliers. The most relevant strategic contribution of this work is the generation of a basic infrastructure for the design of GALS systems in FPGAs.
Devido à evolução das tecnologias submicrônicas, hoje é possível o desenvolvimento de sistemas cada vez mais complexos dentro de um chip. Entretanto, esta evolução está inviabilizando algumas práticas de projeto tradicionais. O uso de comunicação intrachip multiponto, exemplificada por arquiteturas de barramento, e o desenvolvimento de sistemas completamente síncronos são exemplos destas práticas. Adicionalmente, a dissipação de potência está se tornando uma das principais restrições de projeto devido, por exemplo, ao aumento do uso e relevância de produtos baseados em baterias como PDAs, telefones celulares e computadores portáteis. Uma alternativa para superar estas práticas de projeto que estão perdendo viabilidade é a utilização de redes de comunicação intrachip que dêem suporte ao desenvolvimento de sistemas globalmente assíncronos e localmente síncronos (GALS). Este trabalho tem como principal alvo o desenvolvimento de suporte para o projeto utilizando o paradigma GALS em FPGAs. FPGAs foram selecionados como arquitetura alvo porque dispositivos comerciais atuais já possuem parte da infra-estrutura para dar suporte a sistemas GALS, incluindo múltiplos domínios de relógio em um único dispositivo. Também, FPGAs são dispositivos essenciais na etapa de verificação de projetos complexos que serão mais tarde sintetizados como circuitos integrados dedicados. Ao longo do trabalho, três eixos de viabilização de projeto GALS em FPGAs foram abordados, cada um gerando resultados práticos. Primeiro, foi proposta e desenvolvida uma biblioteca de macro blocos para dar suporte ao projeto de dispositivos assíncronos em FPGAs de forma compacta e eficiente. Segundo, após uma fase de comparação de interfaces assíncronas sugeridas na literatura para FPGAs e ASICs, foi proposta e validada SCAFFI, uma família de interfaces assíncronas para comunicação de módulos síncronos com relógios distintos. Terceiro, dois tipos de roteadores de redes intrachip com suporte para o projeto de sistemas GALS foram propostos e validados: Hermes GALS (Hermes-G) e Hermes GALS Low Power (Hermes-GLP). O roteador Hermes-GLP, além de dar suporte ao desenvolvimento de sistemas GALS, aproveita as características desse estilo de projeto para reduzir a dissipação de potência nos roteadores. Isto se dá através do emprego de mecanismos de chaveamento de freqüência internamente ao roteador. Alguns circuitos foram usados como estudos de caso para validar as duas primeiras estruturas propostas, exemplos sendo um núcleo de criptografia RSA e multiplicadores combinacionais e pipeline. A contribuição mais importante deste trabalho foi a geração de uma infra-estrutura básica para projeto de sistemas GALS em FPGAs.
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Deierling, Phillip Eugene. „Thermomechanical response of metal-ceramic graded composites for high-temperature aerospace applications“. Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2202.
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Airframes operating in the hypersonic regime are subjected to complex structural and thermal loads. Structural loads are a result of aggressive high G maneuvers, rapid vehicle acceleration and deceleration, and dynamic pressure, while thermal loads are a result of aerodynamic heating. For such airframes, structural members are typically constructed from steel, titanium and nickel alloys. However, with most materials, rapid elevations in temperature lead to undesirable changes in material properties. In particular, reductions in strength and stiffness are observed, along with an increase in thermal conductivity, specific heat and thermal expansion. Thus, hypersonic airframes are typically designed with external insulation, active cooling or a thermal protection system (TPS) added to the structure to protect the underling material from the effects of temperature. Such thermal protection may consist of adhesively bonded, pinned, and bolted thermal protection layers over exterior panels. These types of attachments create abrupt changes in thermal expansion and stiffness that make the structure susceptible to cracking and debonding as well as adding mass to the airframe.
One of the promising materials concepts for extreme environments that was introduced in the past is the so-called Spatially Tailored Advanced Thermal Structures (STATS). The concept of STATS is rooted in functionally graded materials (FGMs), in which a directional variation of material properties exists. These materials are essentially composites and consist of two or more phases of distinct materials in which the volume fractions of each phase continuously change in space. Here, the graded material will serve a dual-purpose role as both the structural/skin member and thermal management with the goal of reducing the weight of the structure while maintaining structural soundness. This is achieved through the ability to tailor material properties to create a desired or enhanced thermomechanical response through spatial variation (e.g. grading).
The objective of this study is to present a computational framework for modeling and evaluating the thermomechanical response of STATS and FGMs for highly maneuverable hypersonic (Mach > 5) airframes. To meet the objective of this study, four key steps have been defined to study the thermomechanical response of such materials in extreme environments. They involve: (1) modeling of graded microstructures; (2) validation of analytical and numerical modeling techniques for graded microstructures; (3) determination of effective properties of variable composition composites; (4) parametric studies to evaluate the performance of FGMs for use in the hypersonic operating environment; (5) optimization of the material spatial grading in hypersonic panels aiming to improve the thermomechanical performance.
Modeling of graded microstructures, representing particulate reinforced FGMs, has been accomplished using power law distribution functions to specify the spatial variation of the constituents. Artificial microstructures consisting of disks and spheres have been generated using developed algorithms. These algorithms allow for the creation of dense packing fractions up to 0.61 and 0.91 for 2D and 3D geometry, respectively.
Effective properties of FGMs are obtained using micromechanics models and finite element analysis of representative volume elements (RVEs). Two approaches have been adopted and compared to determine the proper RVE for materials with graded microstructures. In the first approach, RVEs are generated by considering regions that have a uniform to slow variation in material composition (i.e., constant volume fraction), resulting in statistically homogenous piecewise RVEs of the graded microstructure neglecting interactions from neighboring cells. In the second approach, continuous RVEs are generated by considering the entire FGM. Here it is presumed that modeling of the complete variation in a microstructure may influence the surrounding layers due to the interactions of varying material composition, particularly when there is a steep variation in material composition along the grading direction. To determine these effects of interlayer interactions, FGM microstructures were generated using three different types of material grading functions, linear, quadratic and square root, providing uniform, gradual and steep variations, respectively. Two- and three-dimensional finite element analysis was performed to determine the effective temperature-dependent material properties of the composite over a wide temperature range. The outcome of the computational analysis show that the similar effective properties are obtained by each of the modeling approaches. Furthermore, the obtained computational results for effective elastic, thermal, and thermal expansion properties are consistent with the known analytical bounds.
Resulting effective temperature-dependent material properties were used to evaluate the time-dependent thermostructural response and effectiveness of FGM structural panels. Structural panels are subjected to time- and spatial-dependent thermal and mechanical loads resulting from hypersonic flight over a representative trajectory. Mechanical loads are the by-product of aggressive maneuvering at high air speeds and angles of attack. Thermal loads as a result of aerodynamic heating are applied to the material systems as laminar, turbulent and transitional heat flux on the outer surface. Laminar and turbulent uniform heat fluxes are used to evaluate the effectiveness of FGM panels graded in the through-thickness direction only. Transitional heat fluxes are used to evaluate the effectiveness of FGMs graded in two principal directions, e.g., through-thickness and the surface parallel to flow. The computational results indicate that when subjected to uniform surface heat flux, the graded material system can eliminate through-thickness temperature gradients that are otherwise present in traditional thermal protection systems. Furthermore, two-dimensional graded material systems can also eliminate through-thickness temperature gradients and significantly reduce in-plane surface temperature gradients when subjected to non-uniform surface aerodynamic heating.
Bücher zum Thema "Fgas"
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Guldberg, Mette, und Anders Mika Dalegaard. Energiens bygninger i Ribe Amt. [s.l.]: Kulturmiljørådet i Ribe Amt, 2004.
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Pandey, Pulak M., Sandeep Rathee, Manu Srivastava und Prashant K. Jain. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs). Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003097976.
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Kuro-o, Makoto, Hrsg. Endocrine FGFs and Klothos. New York, NY: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0887-1.
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Zeetano, Chahad José Paulo, Brazil Ministério do Trabalho und Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas., Hrsg. FGTS e a rotatividade. São Paulo-SP: Nobel, 1985.
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Brazil. Nova legislação do FGTS. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Edições Trabalhistas, 1990.
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Silva, Antônio Alvares da. Prescrição das contribuições do FGTS. Rio, RJ: Aide Editora, 1987.
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Reis, Jair Teixeira dos. FGTS: Cálculo, recolhimento, parcelamento e fiscalização. São Paulo, SP, Brasil: LTr, 2013.
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Michal Ovc a c i k. Hawker Sea Hawk: F.1,2, FB.3,5, FGA.4,6,50,100, FGA/RR.101. Prague: MARK I, 2001.
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Shin Sedai Konpyūta Gijutsu Kaihatsu Kikō (Japan) und International Conference on Fifth Generation Computer Systems (1992 : Tokyo, Japan), Hrsg. FGCS '92: Fifth generation computer systems 1992. Tokyo, Japan: Ohmsha, 1992.
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E, Atkinson R., National Renderers Association (U.S.) und United States. Department of Agriculture., Hrsg. Feed grade animal fats (FGAF) in feeds. [United States]: National Renderers Association in co-operation with the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1985.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Fgas"
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David, Laurent, Ludovic Chatellier, Dominique Courret, Ismail Albayrak und Robert M. Boes. „Fish Guidance Structures with Narrow Bar Spacing: Physical Barriers“. In Novel Developments for Sustainable Hydropower, 91–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99138-8_7.
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AbstractChapter 7 deals with the fish guidance structures (FGS) with narrow bar spacing and focuses on both vertically inclined and horizontal bar racks as well as vertically inclined perforated plate with bypass systems. These FGSs are physical barriers and placed in front of a water intake with either vertical or horizontal angle to the flow direction. They protect fish from entering the water intakes and guide them to the bypass systems and hence into the tailwater. They are suitable for small-to-medium size hydropower plants with design discharge less than 120 m3/s. In the following, different types of FGSs with narrow bar spacing are introduced and their fish guidance performance, head loss prediction and design recommendations presented.
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Desnick, Robert J., Orlando Guntinas-Lichius, George W. Padberg, Gustav Schonfeld, Xiaobo Lin, Maurizio Averna, Pin Yue et al. „FGA“. In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 653. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_8528.
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Chalak, H. D., und Aman Garg. „Recent Advancements in Analysis of FGM Structures and Future Scope“. In Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), 119–38. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003097976-7.
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Ranakoti, Lalit, Brijesh Gangil und Shashikant Verma. „Liquid Phase Processing Techniques for Functionally Graded Materials“. In Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), 39–48. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003097976-3.
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Sinha, Agnivesh Kumar, Rityuj Singh Parihar, Raj Kumar Sahu und Srinivasu Gangi Setti. „Fabrication of FGMs by Additive Manufacturing Techniques“. In Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), 77–100. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003097976-5.
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Sarangi, Saroj Kumar. „Modeling and Analysis of Smart Functionally Graded Structures“. In Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), 139–68. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003097976-8.
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Koppad, Praveennath G., M. R. Ramesh, S. Joladarashi, S. T. Aruna, Nagaraja C. Reddy und C. Siddaraju. „Gaseous Phase Processing Techniques for Functionally Graded Materials“. In Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), 49–76. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003097976-4.
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Yadav, Ashish, Pushkal Badoniya, Manu Srivastava, Prashant K. Jain und Sandeep Rathee. „Functionally Graded Materials“. In Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), 217–30. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003097976-10.
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Parihar, Rityuj Singh, Raj Kumar Sahu und Srinivasu Gangi Setti. „Advances in Fabrication Techniques of Functionally Graded Materials“. In Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), 13–38. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003097976-2.
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Nayak, Ankit, Vivek Kumar Gupta und Prashant K. Jain. „Design and Fabrication of a Functionally Graded Model of Bone Using the Fused Filament Fabrication Process“. In Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs), 101–18. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003097976-6.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Fgas"
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Abramowicz-Reed, Linda, H. Louis Hallock, William H. Jefferys und Gary L. Welter. „Optical Calibration of the Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensors“. In Space Optics for Astrophysics and Earth and Planetary Remote Sensing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/soa.1991.mf2.
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Important objectives of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) mission are to place targets within a science instrument aperture to an accuracy of 10 milliarcseconds and to perform astrometric measurements to an accuracy of 2.7 milliarcseconds, rms. In order to achieve these goals, ground-to-orbit changes in magnification and optical distortion must be characterized for each erf the three Fine Guidance Sensors (FGS). An additional step, not presented in this paper, aligns the three FGSs to a common reference frame via the FGS-to-FGS alignment calibration. This paper identifies the sources of distortion, describes the calibration philosophy and pre-launch feasibility studies and finally, discusses on-orbit performance pertaining to the 10 milliarcsecond pointing requirement.
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Wu, Yufeng, Gap-Yong Kim, Iver Anderson und Thomas Lograsso. „Fabrication of Graded Structures in SiC-Reinforced Metal Matrix by Semisolid Powder Processing“. In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84331.
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Functionally graded structures offer innovative solutions to various challenges in materials engineering. However, the increasing demanding of FGSs has been hindered by the complex processing methods, high cost and composite control difficulties. By combining the concept of semisolid forming and powder metallurgy, semisolid powder processing provides a novel solution to the fabrication of FGS materials. In this paper, a two-layer FGS with one layer reinforced by SiC particles was fabricated with semisolid powder processing. The results indicate that, when the SiC particles are larger than the matrix powder, dense and strong parts can be formed. Smaller SiC particles can isolate the metal powders and resulting in porous and weak structures. Also, the roughness of the SiC particle surface affects interface bonding between SiC particles and Al-Si-Cu matrix phase. In summary, semisolid powder processing is capable of fabricating graded structures with promising microstructures and mechanical properties.
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Takamatsu, J., H. Saito, T. Kamiya, Y. Muranaka, Y. F. Minami und H. T. Fan. „A NEW MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE FROM STICHPUS JAPONICUS(SEA CUCUMBER) AND ITS ANTICOAGULANT PRORETIES“. In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644185.
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A new mucopolysaccharide(FGAG) has been isolated from the cell wall of Stichopus japonicua. The molecular weight of FGAG is about 50,000. The component sugar of the FGAG are identified as galactosamine, glucuronic acid, fucose and sulfate with the molar ratioof 1:0.94:0.84:3.60,respectively. The anticoagulant effects of FGAG were studied. At low concentration(lμg/ml), FGAG completely inhibited the rabbit plateletaggregation induced by thrombin and prolonged thrombin time of not only human plasma but purified fibrinogen solution to a similar extent, suggesting that action of FGAG is not depend on plasma component(antithrombin III and/or Heparin c.ofactor II).After intravenous injection into rabbits(lmg/kg),significant prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) was observed. Although the in vivo antithrombin activity of the FGAG was weaker than that of heparin.it lasted longer than that of heparin and was not inhibited by platelet factor 4.These results suggested that FGAG is a new and unique mucopolysaccharide with antithrombin activity and may come into use for the treatment ofDiseminated Intravascular Coagulation.
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Alaskar, Sarah Y., und Turki A. Alsawad. „Quantitative Analysis on Reducing Greenhouse Gases Emissions Through The Implementation of Flare Gas Recovery Systems in Gas Oil Separator Plants“. In ADIPEC. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/216528-ms.
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Abstract This paper explores the potential of implementing flare gas recovery systems (FGRS) in gas oil separation plant (GOSPs). During oil and gas extractions and refining stages, large amounts of ejected gases are directed to a flare network. Those flared gases increase greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and prevent the potential of utilizing excess gas as feed stock fuel. If FGRS are used the amounts of wasted energy and GHG will consequently decrease. In this paper, quantitative analysis was performed to explore the overall benefits of implementing FGRS in GOSPs. The pillar of this study focuses on a GOSP plant located in Eastern Arabia. In this study, quantified flared volumes prior and after the implementation of FGRS were analyzed. Additionally, incorporated evidence from other industry practices were also collected to support the positive outcomes of FGRS implementations. The acquired results revealed a high favorability for utilizing FGRS systems in GOSPs in comparison to conventional flaring mechanisms. This paper covers a novel quantitative analysis of utilizing FGRS in GOSPs to minimize carbon dioxide (CO2) and GHG footprint. The holistic impact and state of art of applying FGRS is recommended to be used in all GOSPs. If applied, FGRS can reduce GHG emissions hence, promoting sustainability, and aiding in power generation.
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Chattopadhyay, Siddhartha, Suchendra M. Bhandarkar und Kang Li. „FGS-MR“. In the 2006 international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1378191.1378198.
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Kwon, Patrick, Melissa Crimp und Moon Jung Chung. „Automating the Design Process and Powder Processing of Functionally Gradient Materials“. In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0653.
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Abstract There is great deal of interest in Functionally Gradient Materials (FGMs) as evidenced by three recent international conferences on the subject (Yamanouchi, et al., 1990, Holt, et al., 1993 and Ishner and Cherradi, 1994). Similar to composites, FGMs are microscopically inhomogeneous. However, unlike most composites, macroscopic inhomogeneities are designed into FGMs. This is achieved by continuously varying the volume fraction of the second phase in a controlled manner. Thus, the distribution of the second phase has ‘to be designed’ based on the type of application and geometry of the structure. In addition, their inhomogeneous nature causes non-uniform shrinkage and cracks during processing before FGMs are ever put into service. Accordingly, two independent research programs are in progress on FGMs at Michigan State University; (1) fabrication technology and (2) design process management tools. On the former program, powder fabrication protocols are being developed to reduce processing-induced residual stresses. On the latter program, in a benchmark study for the framework developed by Baldwin and Chung (1995), the complete design process for axisymmetric FGMs cylinders is implemented.
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YAZIDI, Moulay hafid EL, Ahmed ZELLOU und Ali IDRI. „FGAV (Fuzzy global as views)“. In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTEGRATED INFORMATION (IC-ININFO 2014): Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Integrated Information. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4907842.
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Nomura, Seiichi, und Donna M. Sheahen. „Green’s Function Approach to the Analysis of Functionally Graded Materials“. In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0647.
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Abstract A micromechanical approach is adopted to systematically obtain numerical Green’s function for functionally graded materials (FGMs) which enables expressing thermomechanical fields in FGMs as a convolution type of integrals between the Green’s function and a source function. The numerical Green’s function is sought by the eigenfunction expansion method. Computer algebra systems are essential to derive admissible functions that satisfy the given boundary conditions and manipulation of the algebra involved. Using the Green’s function for FGMs, physical fields in FGMs can be expressed semi-analytically while retaining all the relevant parameters. In addition, any change in boundary conditions such as temperature can be readily reflected without incurring the entire recalculation.
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Zhang, Wei, Ming-Hui Yao und Dong-Xing Cao. „Shilnikov Type Multi-Pulse Orbits of Functionally Graded Materials Rectangular Plate“. In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-29206.
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Multi-pulse chaotic dynamics of a simply supported functionally graded materials (FGMs) rectangular plate is investigated in this paper. The FGMs rectangular plate is subjected to the transversal and in-plane excitations. The properties of material are graded in the direction of thickness. Based on Reddy’s third-order shear deformation plate theory, the nonlinear governing equations of motion for the FGMs plate are derived by using the Hamilton’s principle. The four-dimensional averaged equation under the case of 1:2 internal resonance, primary parametric resonance and 1/2-subharmonic resonance is obtained by directly using the asymptotic perturbation method and Galerkin approach to the partial differential governing equation of motion for the FGMs rectangular plate. The system is transformed to the averaged equation. From the averaged equation, the theory of normal form is used to find the explicit formulas of normal form. Based on normal form obtained, the energy phase method is utilized to analyze the multi-pulse global bifurcations and chaotic dynamics for the FGMs rectangular plate. The analysis of global dynamics indicates that there exist the multi-pulse jumping orbits in the perturbed phase space of the averaged equation. From the averaged equations obtained, the chaotic motions and the Shilnikov type multi-pulse orbits of the FGMs rectangular plate are found by using numerical simulation. The results obtained above mean the existence of the chaos for the Smale horseshoe sense for the simply supported FGMs rectangular plate.
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Su, Ziyi, Kazuaki Inaba, Amit Karmakar und Apurba Das. „Free Vibration and Thermal Fluid Structure Interaction Simulation of Functionally Graded Pipe by Modeling As Layered Structure“. In JSME 2020 Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing/Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/lemp2020-8506.
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Abstract Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are advanced class of composite materials which can be used as the thermal barrier to protect inner components from the outside high temperature environment. In FGMs, the volume fraction of each constituent can be tailored made across the thickness for desired applications. In this work, the simulation of FGMs in pipes is considered. Despite the wide application of pipes in machinery, those pipes would suffer from many safety problems, such as thermal stress, cavitation, fracture etc. Application of FGMs to the piping systems could lead to some new solutions accounting for safety measures and higher service life. However, the complex phenomena within the fluid structure interaction are hard to describe with the theoretical solution. The visualization of results from simulation will be helpful in understanding the distribution of kinds of physical quantities within the concerned model. For the simulation, FGMs are modeled as the layered structure in the standard finite element method (FEM) package based on FGM constituent law. The free vibration of the FG pipe is simulated and the accuracy of layered model is verified by numerical calculations. Further, based on the layered model, conjugate heat transfer simulations in a heat exchanger with FGMs are conducted.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Fgas"
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Tarpley, Danielle, und David Perkey. Impacts of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) on erosion behavior of muddy sediment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), Juli 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44841.
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Recent policy changes regarding the placement of dredged material have encouraged the USACE to increase its beneficial use (BU) of the sediments dredged from the nation’s navigation channels. A good portion of this material is fine grained (<63 μm), which traditionally has limited use in BU applications, in part due to its dispersive nature. A need exists to evaluate the potential of stabilizing and using fine-grained sediment (FGS) in BU projects. Previous studies have shown the addition of granular sand to FGS reduces the mobility of the bed. The potential of using Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), an amendment commonly used in environmental capping involving FGS, as a similar bed stabilizing material was explored in this study. A series of laboratory erosion tests using Sedflume were performed on FGS-GAC mixtures that ranged from 5% to 20% GAC by mass. Results suggested that GAC content ≤10% had no influence on the stability of the bed while GAC content ≥15% appeared to reduce both critical shear stress (τcr) and erosion rate (n). However, when compared to control cores, those without GAC, clear evidence of bed stabilization of FGS from the addition of GAC was not observed.
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Boggess, Andrew, Mark Jones und Thomas White. Analysis of Ionic Mercury Species in SRR Samples Measured by SRNL and Eurofins FGS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1632838.
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Mayne, Alison, Christina Noble, Paula Duffy, Kirsten Gow, Alexander Glasgow, Kevin O’Neill, Jeni Reid und Diana Valero. Navigating Digital Ethics for Rural Research: Guidelines and recommendations for researchers and administrators of social media groups. DigiEthics: Navigating Digital Ethics for Rural Research, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57064/2164/22326.
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Social media creates new spaces for connecting people digitally and provides a forum for the exchange of information and discussion. Online spaces such as Facebook groups (FGs) have become part of the fabric of social interaction in many rural areas, with both residents and others living away from the community maintaining a connection in the virtual space. Community FGs are routinely used to share place-based information about resources, events or issues, and to discuss topics of shared interest. In research, these groups allow researchers to connect directly with people who have an interest in what happens within specific communities and offer rich opportunities for participants to likewise engage with research. We can reflect on how FGs in rural communities have the potential to enhance and/or complement existing approaches by making research with dispersed communities more accessible and affordable, while considering challenges around confidentiality and digital inclusion given the characteristics and size of the population. Social media has developed at pace during the last decade, and digital ethics is a shifting methods sub-field that poses challenges to social sciences and humanities researchers. Apart from platforms’ changing terms and conditions, research with and on social media groups has specific ethical challenges (e.g. around anonymity, confidentiality, and data access) that require tailored consideration. In particular, when approaching netnography and similar methods with social media groups, dialogic approaches which aim to engage, respect and protect participants are critical. There is consensus on the need to agree the access conditions with the group administrator as a first step, but there is no guidance on good practice on developing these conditions. To create these guidelines, we have worked collaboratively across disciplines and with administrators of Facebook groups to explore what such process could look like: aspects to address, pros and cons of potential approaches, and potential challenges and solutions.
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Boggess, A. J., T. L. White, M. A. Jones und C. J. Bannochie. Development and Comparison of Purgeable Mercury Values in SRR Samples Measured by SRNL and Eurofins FGS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Februar 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1495081.
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Boggess, A. DEVELOPMENT AND COMPARISON OF PURGEABLE MERCURY VALUES IN SRR SAMPLES MEASURED BY SRNL AND EUROFINS FGS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Mai 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1525793.
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Shiotani, Himayu, und Jonah Leff. Towards a National Framework for Arms and Ammunition Management in the Federal Republic of Somalia – A Narrative Report: 2014-2017. UNIDIR, Dezember 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/caap/17/wam/05.
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Under extremely difficult conditions and with the support of the international community, the Federal Government of Somalia (FGS) is making important strides towards establishing security, effective and accountable governance, and the rule of law in Somalia. The achievements and gaps presented in this report provide a baseline from which to examine Somalia’s remaining WAM challenges, as well as a platform from which to explore its immediate and long-term WAM requirements.
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Yimam, Seid, Kebede Lidetu und Tihtina Belete. E-tax System Adoption and Tax Compliance in Ethiopia: Large and Medium Taxpayers’ Experience. Institute of Development Studies, Januar 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2024.003.
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In the last decade, tax administrations in developing countries have been introducing technological innovations such as e-filing and e-payment platforms. The main aim of introducing these technologies is to improve tax compliance and boost revenue collection by increasing convenience and flexibility for taxpayers and reducing their compliance costs. E-filing and e-payment could save taxpayers time preparing and returning taxes and reduce errors and opportunities for corruption. However, the adoption of these technologies and their effectiveness in improving tax compliance could be undermined by several factors. Using tax administrative records, we examined the adoption rate trend of the e-filing system and the correlation between e-filing adoption and tax compliance of large and medium taxpayers in Ethiopia. The timeliness of value-added tax (VAT) and corporate income tax (CIT) return filing and the amount of tax declared are the two main compliance indicators used in this study. Furthermore, we explored the existing challenges and the way forward to improve the adoption of the e-tax system using focus group discussions (FGDs).
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Megersa, Kelbesa, Fabrizio Santoro, Adrienne Lees, Marco Carreras, Theonille Mukamana, Naphtal Hakizimana und Yves Nsengiyumva. Technology and Tax: Adoption and Impacts of E-services in Rwanda. Institute of Development Studies, Mai 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.029.
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Many low-income countries are increasingly digitising their tax services, which can bring a range of benefits, from reducing compliance costs and improving record-keeping, to limiting opportunities for corruption and increasing fairness in the tax system. However, the success of these benefits depends on adequate levels of awareness and adoption of e-services among taxpayers; where these levels are suboptimal, tax e-services may produce only partial benefits. This paper examines the extent of awareness and uptake of tax e-services in Rwanda from a pre-pandemic situation up to two years into the COVID-19 crisis. The country has increasingly digitalised its tax administration, even more so during the pandemic. Electronic filing and payment of taxes have been mandatory since 2015, and two different e-services are available: E-tax, a free web-based platform designed to be used on computers and smartphones, and M-declaration, a feature phone-based application which enables mobile money payments and a simpler process for filing a return. This allows us to run a comparative analysis of the two solutions. We apply a mixed methods approach, using a nationally representative panel survey of 2,000 corporate (CIT) and personal (PIT) income taxpayers, with baseline information collected pre-COVID-19 and four follow-up rounds carried out after the pandemic hit, and focus group discussions (FGDs) with 24 e-services users. Summary of Working Paper 153.
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Li, Howell, Tom Platte, Jijo K. Mathew, W. Benjamin Smith, Enrique Saldivar-Carranza und Darcy M. Bullock. Using Connected Vehicle Data to Reassess Dilemma Zone Performance of Heavy Vehicles. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317321.
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The rate of fatalities at signalized intersections involving heavy vehicles is nearly five times higher than for passenger vehicles in the US. Previous studies in the US have found that heavy vehicles are twice as likely to violate a red light compared with passenger vehicles. Current technologies leverage setback detection to extend green time for a particular phase and are based upon typical deceleration rates for passenger cars. Furthermore, dilemma zone detectors are not effective when the max out time expires and forces the onset of yellow. This study proposes the use of connected vehicle (CV) technology to trigger force gap out (FGO) before a vehicle is expected to arrive within the dilemma zone limit at max out time. The method leverages position data from basic safety messages (BSMs) to map-match virtual waypoints located up to 1,050 ft in advance of the stop bar. For a 55 mph approach, field tests determined that using a 6 ft waypoint radius at 50 ft spacings would be sufficient to match 95% of BSM data within a 5% lag threshold of 0.59 s. The study estimates that FGOs reduce dilemma zone incursions by 34% for one approach and had no impact for the other. For both approaches, the total dilemma zone incursions decreased from 310 to 225. Although virtual waypoints were used for evaluating FGO, the study concludes by recommending that trajectory-based processing logic be incorporated into controllers for more robust support of dilemma zone and other emerging CV applications.
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Donnelly, Phoebe, und Boglarka Bozsogi. Agitators and Pacifiers: Women in Community-based Armed Groups in Kenya. RESOLVE Network, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2022.4.
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This research report is a case study of women’s participation in community-based armed groups (CBAGs) in Kenya. It examines: the diversity of women’s motivations to participate in community-based armed groups in Kenya; women’s roles and agency within community-based armed groups, communal conflicts, as well as community security and peacebuilding structures; and gender dynamics in conflict ecosystems, including social perceptions about women’s engagement in conflict. This case study contributes to the literature on women and CBAGs by examining the variations in their engagement across a single country, based on diverse local contexts. Data collection sites for the study included 1) the capital city, Nairobi; 2) Isiolo County; 3) Marsabit County; 4) Mombasa County; and 5) Bungoma County. Together, these sites provide insight into local conflict dynamics in rural and urban areas; on country borders and on the coast; and in communities with ethnic polarization, land conflicts, criminal gangs, and histories of violent extremism and secessionist movements. The Kenyan research team employed a qualitative approach to data collection through key informant interviews (KIIs), focus group discussions (FGDs), and the use of secondary source data. The findings show that there is no single template for understanding women’s engagement with CBAGs; instead, women’s motivations and roles within these groups are varied and highly contextual, just as with the motivations and roles of men. This study demonstrates the utility of context-specific analyses at the sub-national level to capture the range of women’s participation in and engagement with CBAGs and their greater contributions to the local security landscape.