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1
Sarikaki, Alexandra. „Fertility decline in Greece : knowledge gaps in fertility policy debates“. Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55401/.
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Greece is typical of the European experience vis-a-vis fertility decline. Its total fertility rates (TFR) fell below the population replacement level of 2.1 in 1981 and now remains at 1.3. A review of the fertility policy debates in Europe and in Greece, in particular, reveals that policy debates and discourses are biased with unfounded assumptions and judgements regarding causes and consequences of fertility decline. A review of existing literature and the researcher's own empirical work presents sufficient evidence to support this conclusion. In addition, a comparison of such political and institutional perspectives with the fertility experiences and perspectives of a sample population in Greece finds that the institutional perspectives are not always adequately informed of the ground realities. It is therefore concluded that significant informational gaps are present in Greek fertility policy debates. It is also theorised that such knowledge vacuums are one of the reasons why policy initiatives fail to deliver.
2
Boadu, Kwame Annor. „War and fertility“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22516.pdf.
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3
Félix, Sónia. „Democracy and fertility“. Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11841.
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A Masters Thesis, presented as part of the requirements for the award of a Research Masters Degree in Economics from NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThis research is an empirical assessment of the causal relationship between democracy and birth rates. The question under study is whether a country is more likely to experience fertility declines as it becomes more democratic, holding the other country's characteristics constant. This study goes beyond the existing literature to establish a causal relationship between democratization and fertility declines. To establish a causal relation we adopt two complementary strategies. The first is to include country fixed effects in the estimation and the second is to use an instrumental variables approach. The results suggest a robust negative causal relationship between democracy and birth rates. We interpret the effect of political rights on fertility as stemming from a decrease in overall societal risk, which diminishes as political institutions mature.
4
Altankhuyag, Gereltuya. „Fertility analysis of Mongolia : fertility transition and its determinants in 1960-1998“. Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423566.
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5
Zeman, Krystof, Eva Beaujouan, Zuzanna Brzozowska und Tomás Sobotka. „Cohort fertility decline in low fertility countries: Decomposition using parity progression ratios“. Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2018.38.25.
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BACKGROUND: The long-term decline in cohort fertility in highly developed countries has been widely documented. However, no systematic analysis has investigated which parity contributed most to the fertility decline to low and very low levels.
Objective: We examine how the contribution of changing parity progression ratios varied across cohorts, countries, and broader regions in Europe, North America, Australia, and East Asia. We pay special attention to countries that reached very low completed cohort fertility, below 1.75 children per woman.
Methods: Using population censuses and large-scale surveys for 32 low fertility countries, we decompose the change in completed cohort fertility among women born between 1940 and 1970. The decomposition method takes into account the sequential nature of childbearing as a chain of transitions from lower to higher parities.
Results: Among women born between 1940 and 1955, the fertility decline was mostly driven by reductions in the progression ratios to third and higher-order births. By contrast, among women born between 1955 and 1970, changes in fertility showed distinct regional patterns: In Central and Eastern Europe they were fuelled by falling second-birth rates, whereas in the German-speaking countries, Southern Europe, and East Asia decreases in first-birth rates played the major role.
Conclusions: Pathways to low and very low fertility show distinct geographical patterns, which reflect the diversity of the cultural, socioeconomic, and institutional settings of low fertility countries.
Contribution: Our study highlights the importance of analysing parity-specific components of fertility in order to understand fertility change and variation. We demonstrate that similar low levels of completed cohort fertility can result from different combinations of parity-specific fertility rates.
6
Huang, Yu-Jen. „Cryopreservation of female fertility“. Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92216.
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Preservation of female fertility is an important issue today. There are a few effective clinical options for preserving female fertility. Conventional IVF followed by embryo cryopreservation is the only established procedure but is not applicable to all women. Oocyte cryopreservation avoids the ethical and moral concerns related to cryopreservation of embryos but conventional slow freezing methods are associated with low survival rate of oocytes. The main objective of this translational research thesis was to develop an efficient and safe methodology for oocyte cryopreservation that is clinically applicable for female fertility preservation. Specific research objectives were to investigate cryobiology of oocytes in terms of: 1) cryoprotectant (CPA) toxicity effect on oocyte ultra-structures and embryonic developmental potential; 2) Vitrification versus conventional slow freezing of oocytes and their effects of oocyte structures and embryonic developmental potential; 3) Vitrification of embryos using the McGill Cryoleaf and its effect of embryonic development and DNA fragmentation; 4) Clinical efficacy of oocyte vitrification in prospective clinical trials; 5) Effects of oocyte vitrification in terms of the clinical obstetrical and perinatal outcomes; 6) Clinical applications of vitrification of oocytes for preservation of female fertility. The CPA mixture of ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,2-propanediol (PROH) was found to be the most suitable combination for oocyte vitrification, resulting in high embryo development and the least DNA fragmentation. Vitrification of oocyte using the CPA mixture of EG and PROH in combination with the McGill Cryoleaf system is superior to the conventional slow-cooling method, resulting in better preservation of egg ultra-structures and functions. The reduced embryonic development potential of cryopreserved oocyte is related to increased DNA fragmentation and activation of caspase enzymes. Vitrification of human oocytes using the McGPréservation de la fécondité est un sujet important à ce jour. Il y a peu de traitements effectifs pour préserver la fécondité des femmes. La fécondation in vitro (FIV) conventionnelle suivie par la cryoconservation des embryons est la seule procédure bien établie. Cependant, celle-ci n'est pas possible pour certaines femmes. La cryopréservation des ovocytes évite les problèmes éthiques et moraux reliés à la cryoconservation des embryons. Cependant, les méthodes de congélation lente sont associées à des taux de survie des ovocytes faible. Les objectifs principaux de cette thèse de recherche translationnelle était de développer une méthode efficace et sécuritaire pour la cryopréservation des ovocytes qui est cliniquement applicable pour la préservation de la fécondité des femmes. Les objectifs spécifiques de cette recherche étaient d'étudier la cryobiologie des ovocytes à propos de : 1) l'effet toxique du cryoprotectant sur l'ultra-structures des ovocytes et le potentiel de développement des embryons; 2) la vitrification versus la congélation lente des ovocytes et leur effets sur la structure des ovocytes et le potentiel de développement embryonnaire; 3) la vitrification des embryons en utilisant le McGill Cryoleaf et son effet sur le développement embryonnaire et la fragmentation de l'ADN; 4) l'efficacité clinique de vitrification des ovocytes dans des études prospectives cliniques; 5) les effets de long terme de vitrification des ovocytes au niveau des résultats obstétriques et périnatals; 6) l'application clinique de vitrification des ovocytes pour la préservation de la fécondité des femmes. Le mélange de CPA de l'éthylène glycol (EG) et de 1-2 propanediol (PROH) a été trouvé d'être la combinaison la plus convenable pour la vitrification des ovocytes en donnant des résultats de développement embryonnaire supérieur et à un taux de fragmentation de l'ADN diminué. La vitrification des ovocytes en utilisant l
7
Badenoch, D. F. „Semen analysis and fertility“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375208.
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8
Del, Bono Emilia. „Fertility and economic opportunities“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397080.
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9
Ahamed, M. Mohi Uddin. „Fertility differentials in Bangladesh“. Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845930.
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This study of Fertility Differentials in Bangladesh is based on a subset of data obtained from the 1983 Bangladesh Contraceptive Prevalence Survey. The focus of the study is to identify the variables that significantly affect the cumulative fertility of women in Bangladesh and to examine differentials in fertility.Path analysis has been used for analyzing the data of this thesis. Differentials in fertility are examined in terms of selected demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the ever married women and their husbands.The study shows that age of women has the highest effect on number of children ever born. Religion has positive and significant direct effects on fertility. Education of women has significant negative effects on fertility. Employment status of women effect fertility negatively in rural Bangladesh. The results of this study also suggest that high fertlity in Bangladesh will persist if immediate action is not taken to halt it.Department of Mathematical Sciences
10
Nordqvist, Sarah. „Biological Markers of Fertility“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Obstetrik & gynekologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234067.
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Infertility affects 15 % of couples, which corresponds to 60 - 80 million worldwide. The microenvironments in which the oocyte, embryo and fetus mature are vital to the establishment and development of a healthy pregnancy. Different biological systems, such as angiogenesis, the immune system and apoptosis need to be adequately regulated for pregnancy to occur and progress normally. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the impact of Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) and Src homology 2 domain-containing adapter protein B (SHB) on human female fertility. HRG is a plasma protein that regulates angiogenesis, the immune system, coagulation/fibrinolysis and apoptosis, by building complexes with various ligands. The impact of HRG on fertility is studied here for the first time. HRG is present in follicular fluid, the Fallopian tube, endometrium, myometrium and placenta. HRG distribution within embryo nuclei depends on developmental stage. Blastocysts express and secrete HRG. The HRG C633T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) appears to affect the chance of pregnancy and, correspondingly, parameters associated with pregnancy in IVF. Additionally, this HRG genotype may increase the risk in IVF of only developing embryos unfit for transfer. SHB is an adaptor protein involved in intracellular signaling complexes that regulate angiogenesis, the immune system and cell proliferation/apoptosis. Shb knockout mice have altered oocyte/follicle maturation and impaired embryogenesis. The impact of three SHB polymorphisms (rs2025439, rs13298451 and rs7873102) on human fertility is studied for the first time. The SNP prevalences did not differ between infertile and fertile women. BMI, gonadotropin dosages, the percentage of immature oocytes, the number of fertilized oocytes, the percentage of good-quality embryos and the day of embryo transfer seems to be affected by SHB genotype. In conclusion, HRG and SHB appear to influence female fertility. They are potential biomarkers that might be used for predicting pregnancy chance in infertile women. Knowledge of these genotypes may improve patient counseling and individualization of treatment.
11
Segall, Robert. „The Fertility of Theories“. Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3667.
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In addition to empirical adequacy and compatibility with other current theories, scientific theories are commonly judged on three criteria ' simplicity, elegance, and fertility. Fertility has received comparatively little attention in the philosophical literature. A definition of a certain sort of fertility, called P-fertility, proposed by Ernan McMullin, is that it consists in the capacity of a theory to be successfully modified over time to explain new experimental data or theoretical insights. McMullin made the major claim that he has a novel and perhaps the sole argument for Scientific Realism. His argument involves two strands (i) theories must be considered diachronically and it is an historical fact that long standing successful scientific theories are P-fertile, and (ii) the correct explanation of this fact is that these theories reflect the realities of a mind-independent world. A rebuttal of McMullin's position given in the literature is considered and rejected. His argument therefore requires further consideration. The plausible first strand of McMullin's argument is accepted for the purposes of discussion, and thus the observation requires explanation, either along McMullin's own lines or otherwise. The concept of diachronicity and the implications of accepting a diachronic view of scientific theories are considered. The identity of theory across time can be understood both from a Realist and an Anti-realist perspective via the concept of significant claims in the successive versions of the long standing successful theories. This defuses a possible objection to McMullin's argument, namely that by assuming diachronicity he begs the question against the Anti-realist. Explanations of the conjunction of success and P-fertility are examined from the perspective of Scientific Realism and the major current Anti-realist stances ' Entity Realism, Structural Realism, Instrumentalism, and Internal Realism. 3 To justify the second strand of McMullin's argument, a notion of the approximate truth or of the verisimilitude of theories is required. Inter alia it is argued that a distinction must be made between the approximate truth of a scientific theory and that of a simple assertion or a simple narrative. The concepts of the approximate truth of scientific theories and their verisimilitude are explored and some serious difficulties are identified. First, it is difficult to accommodate differences in respect as well as in degree in delineating the nature of an approximately true theory. Second, it is difficult to give a satisfactory account of the metric used to assess the verisimilitude of theories. It is argued that in any case no version of these concepts can adequately support the second strand of McMullin's thesis. This is because, at best, approximate truth and verisimilitude can only support a pragmatic claim ' the improved empirical adequacy of successive versions of the long standing theory. In contrast, McMullin's thesis requires that successor versions generally are better theories. Third, there is an intractable theory dependent weighting problem posed by the open ended nature of scientific theories in contrast with the closed narratives describing idealized models. The role of the approximate truth of scientific theories is explored, within the frameworks of Realism and Anti-realism, with regard to the possible responses to the existence of two highly successful, well corroborated, but incompatible theories ' general relativity and quantum mechanics. It is suggested that Scientific Realism itself, not only McMullin's argument for Scientific Realism, requires the notion of approximate truth or verisimilitude of theories. Putnam's Internal Realism is considered, and, if as I suggest, no adequate account of the concepts of the approximate truth or verisimilitude of scientific theories can be given, Internal Realism (which need not draw on these concepts because of its denial that there is a unique correct description of the world) is more plausible than the full blooded Scientific Realism advocated by McMullin, despite granting the claim of the historical observation of the conjunction between long standing successful theories and their P-fertility.
12
Li, Li. „Deviant fertility in China“. Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-165616/.
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13
Shi, Anqing. „The process of fertility transition in China fertility differentials in Shanghai, 1950-1985 /“. access full-text, 1992. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/umi-r.pl?9222160.pdf.
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14
Gallino, Joanna Lynn. „Fertility associated antigen in peripubertal beef bulls as an indicator of potential fertility“. Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2690.
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Ejaculates from peripubertal Angus (n=106), Brahman (n=156) and Brangus
(n=212) bulls were evaluated for the presence of a 31 kDa protein known as fertility
associated antigen (FAA) using the ReproTest for Bulls (ReproTech, Tucson, AZ). This
study was designed to test the repeatability of FAA detection using the chute-side
cassette and to quantify the relationship of age, scrotal circumference, sperm motility,
ejaculate volume and sperm concentration with the presence of FAA in ejaculates from
peripubertal bulls. A total of 776 ejaculates were collected, and 77% (n=598) were
classified as FAA+. Three ejaculates were obtained from 133 bulls (Angus, n=33;
Brahman, n=100) on d 0, 30 and 60. Brahman bulls were older (p<0.0001) at puberty
than Angus bulls. Ejaculate volume was the only trait that differed between bulls that
were classified as FAA+ and FAA? at first collection. Mean ejaculate volume was
greater (p<0.0001) for FAA? than for FAA+ ejaculates. Serial ejaculates were profiled
according to one of four FAA classification patterns (0 = three FAA? ejaculates; 1 =
three FAA+ ejaculates; 2 = first ejaculate FAA?; and 3 = first ejaculate FAA+). A
majority of the bulls were FAA+ on all three ejaculates (57%) or at least on the first ejaculate (25%). Seven bulls (5%) were consistently FAA?, while the remaining bulls
(12%) were FAA? on the first ejaculate. There were no differences in scrotal
circumference or sperm concentration among FAA profiles. FAA profile-3 bulls were
older (p<0.05) than FAA profile-1 bulls at 2nd collection. Sperm motility was greater
(p<0.05) for FAA profile-1 than for FAA profile-3 bulls at 1st collection. Ejaculate
volume was greater (p<0.05) in FAA profile-0 Angus bulls than for FAA profile-1 at 1st
collection and in FAA profile-0 Brahman bulls than FAA profile-2 at 2nd collection.
These data indicate that FAA classification was not affected by sperm motility, sperm
concentration or scrotal circumference in peripubertal bulls. Repeatability of FAA
classification was higher for bulls that were FAA+ at first ejaculation. Thus, peripubertal
FAA? bulls should be re-evaluated to increase FAA-classification accuracy for
identification of higher fertility as well as lower fertility animals prior to breeding.
15
Suzanne, Belton. „Borders of fertility : unwanted pregnancy and fertility management by Burmese women in Thailand /“. Connect to thesis, 2005. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001542.
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Sato, Yasuhiro. „Economic Geography, Fertility and Migration“. Elsevier, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/8650.
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Walks, Michelle. „Gender identity and in/fertility“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44284.
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Pregnancy is considered a feminine experience in mainstream Canadian culture. Babies identified as female at birth are expected to grow up to become feminine heterosexual mothers. This research considers the desires, choices, and experiences of individuals who were identified as female at birth, but who do not identify as feminine heterosexual women; this dissertation focuses on the reproductive desires, choices, and experiences of butch lesbians, transmen, and genderqueer individuals in British Columbia.
Three methods and two distinct populations formed this research. Participant observation was conducted in 21 cities across southern BC. Questionnaires were completed by 28 health care professionals (HCPs), and by 46 butch lesbian, transmen, and genderqueer (BTQ) individuals. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 10 HCPs, 8 BTQ individuals who had experienced at least one successful pregnancy, and 4 BTQ individuals who had either experienced or been diagnosed with a condition linked to infertility.
What I found, is that for many BTQ individuals, reproduction associated with the female body (ie: pregnancy and breastfeeding) is not exclusively considered a feminine desire or experience. In fact, what I discovered is that BTQ individuals who experience pregnancy and breastfeeding explicitly challenge the cultural fetish associating femininity with reproduction (including pregnancy, breastfeeding, mothering, and fertility). Thus, I highlight not only the typically ignored desire and achievement of pregnancy of BTQ individuals, but also how BTQ individuals have experienced breastfeeding, how some BTQ parents raise queerlings, and how some BTQ individuals have negotiated diagnoses and experiences of infertility.
Overall, I highlight the unique and various expectations and experiences that butch lesbians, transmen, and genderqueer individuals have regarding their ‘female’ (and potential) biological reproduction. In the end, I hope that by presenting the diverse reproductive experiences, desires, and choices of BTQ individuals, that I can foster more of an understanding of these experiences, desires, choices, and individuals, and thus challenge the cultural fetish that links femininity with ‘female’-associated reproduction. Moreover, I offer recommendations for health care professionals in an effort to foster more understanding in BTQ health care, as well as help to facilitate more queer competent health care professionals.
18
Ahmad, Farhan. „Male immigrants’ fertility in Spain“. Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-64880.
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Declining fertility in developed countries along with rising number of immigrants and different fertility behavior exhibited by the immigrants make the immigrants’ fertility an interesting topic in field of demography. However most of the studies on immigrants’ fertility consider the female immigrants as their subject on the assumption that they represent the immigrants’ fertility. This study took another perspective and tries to study male immigrants’ fertility. Spanish Immigrants’ Survey 2007 was used to see how the different migration related factors affect the male immigrants’ fertility. Poisson regression was applied on a sample of 3797 childless males who are 16 or older. This study found tentative support to selection hypothesis but no clear support to adaptation hypothesis on male fertility behaviors. There exist differences in the fertility between male immigrants from different regions. Effect of education, number of parent’s siblings and mother language on male immigrants’ fertility was also analyzed.
19
Awusabo-Asare, K. „Education and fertility in Ghana“. Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233449.
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Pfeffer, N. „Pronatalism and fertility 1900-1950“. Thesis, University of Essex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380565.
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Stovell, Alex Gordon. „Trace elements and human fertility“. Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301350.
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Grace, Bola. „Fertility awareness for family building“. Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10060624/.
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Background: With recent demographic changes towards delayed parenthood comes involuntary childlessness and smaller family sizes than desired. As the average age of first time mothers in the UK continues to rise, health policies have highlighted the importance of optimising women's health through better knowledge and awareness. This study therefore aimed to assess current patterns of fertility knowledge, attitudes and practices; and identify improvement opportunities to enable men and women to achieve their desired fertility intentions. Methods Quantitative and qualitative mixed methods research was conducted via a UK wide cross-sectional survey and in-depth interviews. Results were obtained from 1,082 survey respondents and 35 interviewees who were purposively sampled to include men, women and healthcare professionals with variation in age, level of education, ethnicity and training. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using the Framework method. In the absence of a suitable definition in the literature of family building, I generated a new definition. Results Overall, the study participants showed poor knowledge of topics relating to fertility and reproductive health. The proportion correctly answering the survey knowledge questions was 39.2% of men, 46.5% of women, 46.9% of healthcare professionals and 50.9% of women trying to conceive. Healthcare professionals, who were cited as the most used and trusted source for seeking fertility and reproductive health information, did not have better knowledge than the lay population in our study. Respondents considered that school education did not adequately cover topics related to family building and were distrustful of many sources. Several interconnecting socioeconomic and personal factors influence family building decisions. These were used to identify five main groups of individuals (No Desire, Stoppers, Betweeners, Planners and Conceivers), for whom fertility awareness information would need to be tailored differently to suit different intentions. Conclusions This study has led to the development of a new definition for the term family building. Fertility awareness for family building is poor among individuals of reproductive age and healthcare professionals in the UK. Improvements through a more holistic lifecourse approach to reproductive health, including family building, should be a key component of public health programs. This requires collaborative initiatives supported by policy makers; healthcare professionals, educators and other special interest groups in order to help individuals achieve their desired family building intentions.
23
Ellis, Jas. „Culture, fertility, and son preference“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2009. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2537/.
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My thesis comprises three papers on individuals' preferences over family composition and the degree to which these are culturally determined, or learnt. Prices, Norms and Preferences: The Influence of Cultural Values on Fertility This paper investigates the influence of cultural values on fertility. High country of origin fertility is associated with high fertility in the UK, in line with previous results. This is consistent with fertility preferences being a transmissible (learnable) cultural value. However, I find that high fertility in the country of origin is also associated with earlier childbearing. If timing is not accounted for, this phenomenon could lead to an upward bias when estimating the importance of cultural values. Son Preference and Culture I measure the sex preferences of immigrant women in the United Kingdom by estimating the effect of family composition on birth hazard rates. International comparisons of son preference are constructed, the first known to the author. A theoretical model suggests that costs (e.g., dowries) are unlikely to explain the variation in outcomes between groups. Finally, women arriving in the UK at a young age appear to have less distinct tastes, also consistent with a primarily cultural, rather than economic, explanation for parental sex preferences. Son Preference and Sex Ratios: How many 'Missing Women' are Missing. When parents prefer sons, heterogeneity in the probability of having sons can lead to excess girls. I argue that this may lead to under-counting the number of 'missing women'. Parents show significant differences in son preference between countries. I exploit these differences to simulate sex ratios in the presence of measured heterogeneity. Parents' son preferences account for 1.5% of differences between sex ratios worldwide (significant at 10%). The presence of this effect may imply that sex ratios are more biased than previously estimated, since previous comparisons use benchmarks that already contain too few girls. Therefore there may be more women missing due to discrimination than we thought.
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Chimere-Dan, Orieji. „Patterns of fertility in Nigeria“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1152/.
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Estimates of recent fertility were produced for all Nigeria and for the four broad geographical regions using data from the Nigeria Fertility Survey (NFS) of 1981/1982. The results indicated that fertility was quite high in the decade of the 1970s at an average total fertility rate of 6.8. Analysis of differentials by demographic and other background characteristics, and of determinants, did not show evidence of large shifts in fertility trend in any specific direction, especially when the quality of the data is considered alongside the estimates. It was suggested that, the influence of reporting errors in the NFS notwithstanding, fertility for all of Nigeria appeared to have remained roughly stable at very high levels in the 1970s. Chapter 1 introduced the project, its aim, scope and methodology, and highlighted some features which should be put into consideration in any analysis using the NFS data. Chapter 2 drew attention to possible effects of the quality of the information collected in the NFS on estimates and analysis of fertility. In Chapter 3, the estimated results were presented and, with additional data from other sources, used to examine whether fertility was stable, rising or falling in the recent past in Nigeria. Chapter 4 examined any variations in fertility due to age, age at marriage and age at motherhood with measures estimated when analysis was indexed by age at survey and durations of marriage and motherhood as further search for possible sources of any early fertility change. Chapter 5 carried out an integrated examination of the socioeconomic and proximate determinants of fertility with the same aim as in Chapter 4. Chapter 6 presented a summary of the major findings with a brief discussion of their implications for further research in Nigerian fertility and for the fertility target of the 1988 government policy on population.
25
Mouradi, Rand. „Wireless Signals and Male Fertility“. Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1318571631.
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Moulton, Vincent M. „The Nazirite Vow and Fertility“. Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/151149.
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ReligionM.A.
Nazirites are a well-documented phenomenon within the context of the Hebrew Bible. The bulk of research has focused mainly on the role of Samson as a life long Nazirite, but little has been done concerning the role of women within the context of the Nazirite Vow. The goal of this paper will be to examine the role of women within the Nazirite Vow, as well as examining the constraints that might arise when one takes into account the purity laws. The Nazirite Vow is the only vow within the Bible that explicitly mentions the inclusion of women. The question I am interested in addressing is, are there circumstances that might exclude the woman? The idea behind the Nazirite vow is that one is consecrating oneself to YHWH, or setting oneself apart. If one were setting oneself apart then these rules that they would have to follow would not supersede the purity laws. I would suggest that beyond the regular constraints, avoiding dead bodies, grape products, and cutting ones hair, one would still be responsible to keep the purity laws. Therefore, when one takes an issue like menstruation into account, this severely limits the amount of time a woman has to complete the Nazirite Vow. As I will detail in this paper, this leads to the conclusion that if the vow lasted for more than thirty days the only women who would be able to complete the Nazirite Vow successfully would be pregnant women or a woman who is postmenopausal. This could suggest a certain amount of restriction regarding the woman's ability to perform this vow and may suggest why the inclusion of women is made explicit within the context of Numbers 6. Furthermore, this could suggest that fertility might be an aspect of the Nazirite Vow.
Temple University--Theses
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Yasui, Daishin. „Essays on Fertility and Macroeconomics“. Kyoto University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/120726.
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Fogarty, Debra Anne. „Determinants of fertility in Tanzania /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7434.
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Bayanpourtehrani, Ghazal. „Women, Fertility and Labor Market“. OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/366.
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In this dissertation research, the empirical analyses are developed to investigate the role of different factors on female's fertility decisions as well as female labor force participation. This research contains two major parts related to women: first, the impact of State Children Health Insurance (SCHIP) on female's fertility decision is examined. In 1997, Congress enacted the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) to provide matching funds to states to provide health insurance for children who do not qualify for Medicaid. The implementation of SCHIP, however, differs across states. For example, some states provide SCHIP benefits to parents while others do not. Controlling for state and female characteristics, are women in states with more generous SCHIP benefits more likely to have children than are women in states with less generous benefits? After classifying state benefits as "generous" or "not generous" under different criteria, I do not find support that the type of SCHIP matters for future pregnancy decisions. Moreover, the association between pregnancy decisions and SCHIP do not change across ethnic groups, income levels, marital status, etc. Second, using a cross-sectional empirical specification, I examine whether female labor force participation (FLFP) in a cross-section of countries between 1985 and 2005 varies depending upon the religion practiced in these countries. I initially find that FLFP is lower in Muslim countries. However, the association between Islam and FLFP greatly diminishes once other controls are included in the regression, suggesting that Islam might not diminish FLFP as some have argued. Moreover, once these additional controls are included, the association between Islam and FLFP is similar to that between Catholicism and FLFP. Countries where Protestantism is prevalent or where no religion is practiced have higher FLFP. Besides, focusing on FLFP and using a panel data from 1980 to 2005, this study examines whether democratization is associated with subsequent labor force participation rates for women. I consider a panel to exploit the within country variation in political regimes and to employ country fixed effects that can control for cultural factors that influence both women's rights and political outcomes. We find a negative association between democratization (as measured by the Freedom House indices) and FLFP. Democratization appears to lower FLFP. Part of this finding stems from the decline in FLFP in former Communist countries. But the fall of Communism is not a complete explanation. Perhaps authoritarian regimes more generally pushed more people into the labor force to maintain higher output levels even when this was not optimal for individual households.
30
Fox, Kiira Elizabeth. „Mormon Fertility in Latin America“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3050.
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While previous research has identified religion as an influence of fertility, how context changes the nature of that relationship remains little understood. Using census data from Brazil, Chile and Mexico, this study examines whether the high fertility pattern of one pronatalist, American-born religion (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) translates to the Latin American context. Results indicate that it does, but only inconsistently as the pronatalist pattern is masked by members' educational attainment and mixed religion marriages. When these attributes are accounted for LDS fertility is high in Latin America, especially among the more educated. This study highlights both the importance of member characteristics in influencing fertility and the role of selective recruiting in determining how and whether these characteristics vary by context.
31
Ginting, Djoto. „Fertility differentials in North Sumatra“. Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117100.
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This study is an attempt to examine the fertility differentials
of ever married women of childbearing age in North Sumatra. The
differentials are examined according to socio-economic background of
the respondents, based on various criteria such as place of residence,
educational attainment, work status, religion, ethnicity, marital status,
age at first marriage and use of family planning. The main findings are
that fertility is lower for urban women, working women and Christian women.
The main reasons for these differences appear to be the higher education
levels and later ages at marriage for such women. Regionally, fertility
was highest in the Moslem areas of Langkat and South Tapanuli and
lowest in Karo, where Christianity is predominant.
Overall, however, the fertility level in this province is still
high. The high fertility level is a result of a high proportion of fecund
married women, a low divorce rate, high value of children and strong
partilineal system (which encourages couples to continue having children
until they get sons). Recently the expansion of education, rising age at
marriage and the practice of family planning have contributed in a
significant way to a lowering of fertility. Within the data limitations,
this study contributes to an understanding of the demography of North
Sumatra Province, which has not been adeauately studied. Some important
areas for future research are also suggested by this study, such as
ethnic fertility differentials.
32
Joseph, Mbamanya. „Regional fertility variations in Kenya“. Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117125.
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This study is based on the Kenya Fertility Survey of 1977/78 which
was carried out as part of the World Fertility Survey by the Kenyan
Central Bureau of Statistics. The study had four primary objectives.
First, to examine regional fertility variations in the mean number of
children ever born in Kenya by five broad regions; namely Nairobi,
Central/Rift valley, Coast, Nyanza/'Western and Eastern according to
selected intermediate and socio-economic variables. Secondly, to
examine whether fertility in Kenya would be lower in regions that are
not mainly agricultural, which include, Nairobi and the Coast. Thirdly,
to test the validity of any existing differentials, and to explore the
factors generating such differences and the mechanisms through which
these factors operate. And fourthly, to investigate the main factors
that have been outlined in previous studies to be responsible for the
relatively low fertility in the Coast.
Fertility differentials were examined in terms of selected
proximate and socio-economic factors of ever married women in five
broad regions. The study also has built up "Multiple Classification
Analysis (MCA)" models for the national sample and separately for the
different broad regions.
The descriptive analysis revealed that regional fertility
variations in Kenya are limited. However, the Coast has relatively
lower fertility compared to other regions. Mean number of children ever
born is higher in Central/Rift Valley and Nyanza/Western regions. The
MCA showed that age at first marriage is the most important factor
affecting fertility in Kenya.
33
Morris, Akilah. „KNOWLEDGE, INTENTIONS, AND BELIEFS ABOUT FERTILITY AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY AMONG ILLINOIS COLLEGE STUDENTS“. OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1595.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF AKILAH MORRIS SMITH, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Public Health, presented on April 11th 2018, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: KNOWLEDGE, INTENTIONS, AND BELIEFS ABOUT FERTILITY AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY AMONG ILLINOIS COLLEGE STUDENTS MAJOR PROFESSOR: Roberta Ogletree H.S.D and Juliane P. Wallace PhD The purpose of this quantitative cross sectional study was to examine knowledge, beliefs, and intentions about fertility and assisted reproductive technology among college students. This study differs from previous studies in that it examines knowledge, beliefs, and intentions about fertility and assisted reproductive technology among Illinois college students. Five hundred thirty six undergraduate students from six Illinois universities taking foundational health courses participated in this convenience sample study. Participants included three hundred and five females, 225 males, and five transgender students. The age ranges from 18-60. Five hundred and twenty students were childless. Three hundred and eleven students were single, 195 were in a committed relationship, and 16 were married. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) detected the differences among college students’ knowledge, beliefs, and intentions, based on race, sexual orientation, age, parental status, relationship status, and gender. Additionally Multiple Linear Regression analysis determined variations among race, sexual orientation, age, parental status, relationship status, and gender based on intentions, beliefs, and knowledge of fertility and ART treatment options. The first findings indicate that age, race and relationship status variables strongly impacted fertility intentions. The second findings reveal that gender and race impact beliefs influencing fertility and ART treatment options. None of the six variables significantly affected knowledge, which does not correlate with the literature. The students replied that they were not informed about women’s fertility as well as ART treatment options. Caucasians and older students’ intended on delaying parenthood supports the current literatures. According to Martinez, Daniels, and Chandra (2012), Caucasians are more likely to delay parenthood, which this research study supports. Secondly, Caucasians and males students had beliefs that supported the delaying of parenthood. Amongst the six groups, none of the groups affected knowledge. Daniluk and Koert (2012) show that while college student’s lack knowledge researchers are not sure what strongly predict their fertility and ART knowledge treatments.
34
Tesching, Karin. „Education and Fertility : Dynamic Interrelations between Women’s Educational Level, Educational Field and Fertility in Sweden“. Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-63761.
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This thesis analyses three aspects of the link between a woman’s educational trajectory and her childbearing behaviour. Special attention is paid to educational field as a further dimension of education next to educational enrolment and educational level. It is argued that this dimension has to be taken into account to fully understand the complex interplay between women’s educational careers and fertility. The empirical investigations are based on Swedish register data for the period 1990 to 2004 and carried out by means of event history analyses. Regarding the impact of women’s education on fertility, this study confirms that educational enrolment generally impedes childbearing. Further, in addition to differences in first, second and third birth risks among women with different levels of education, the analyses reveal strong variations in the fertility behaviour of women with different types of education. To investigate the impact of fertility on women’s educational careers, this study examines how becoming a mother influences a woman’s risk to pursue further training in a different field of education. The effect of motherhood on the risk of educational change varies strongly depending on the field Swedish women initially were trained in. Especially women with degrees in fields in which it is difficult to get established in the labour market are found to have a high risk of educational change. For these women giving birth to a child appears to lead them to strive for further training in a field that offers more stable and family friendly employment prospects. Finally, the study explores the impact of unobserved factors on education and fertility. By estimating a simultaneous hazard equation for a woman’s childbearing behaviour and her choice of educational field, it is shown that women’s decisions about education and fertility are correlated due to the existence of unobserved determinants that simultaneously influence both life domains.
35
Withers, Mellissa Heatherley. „Fertility preferences, intentions and outcomes a mixed-methods study of fertility in a Balinese village /“. Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1925790601&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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36
Spath, Antonia. „Stability of fertility preferences and intentions : A new angle on studying fertility behavior in Germany“. Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-162189.
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Prevailing low fertility rates in several European states, such as Germany, have been studied widely in recent years. Findings include discrepancies between fertility preference and actual family size as well as between fertility intentions and fertility behavior; an ‘unmet need’ for children found on the individual and the societal level. Fertility preference is specified as the individual ideal number of children, and fertility intentions as the long- or short-term plans to have a child. Apart from investigating the rates of realization, these measures have been understudied. The objective of this study is to illuminate a new angle of low fertility rates in Germany by reviewing fertility measures previously considered to be stable predictors of fertility behavior. The aim is to investigate the stability of fertility preferences and of positive short-term fertility intentions of Germans in their reproductive age. According to the Theory of Planned Behavior and the life-course perspective, attitudes and experiences can influence fertility preferences and short-term fertility intentions. In this study, the suspected connection between unstable preferences and intentions and certain attitudes towards and experiences with the career, working life, and childcare situation is examined. These processes are expected to differ between men and women, and between childless individuals, parents with one child and parents with more than one child. Using data from seven survey waves of the German family panel pairfam, fixed-effects and random-effects regression models are run separately for women and men and for those of different parities. The results suggest that those with high career importance and those who expect or perceive a negative effect of children on the career are more likely to have unstable positive intentions. Although fertility preferences are shown to be somewhat unstable, no relevant relationships can be found. The differences between the findings on men and women regarding relevant determinants and direction of the relationships are unexpectedly small. Childless individuals are as likely to hold unstable preferences and intentions as parents.
37
Thomas, Sobotka, und Wolfgang Lutz. „Misleading policy messages derived from the period TFR: Should we stop using it?“ Federal Institute for Population Research, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4232/10.CPoS-2010-15de.
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Discussions about fertility in developed countries refer almost exclusively to the period Total Fertility Rate (TFR). We argue that the use of this indicator frequently leads to incorrect interpretation of period fertility levels and trends, resulting in distorted policy conclusions and, potentially, in misguided policies. We illustrate this with four policy-relevant examples, drawn from contemporary Europe. These illustrations show that the TFR (a) inflates the presumed gap between fertility intentions and realised fertility, (b) erroneously suggests a significant fertility increase in many countries of Europe after the year 2000, (c) often exaggerates the level of immigrants fertility and (d) frequently suggests that family-related policies which led to shorter birth spacing in fact brought an upward swing in fertility level. There seems to be no policy-relevant question for which the period TFR would be the indicator of choice to be preferred over other existing measures.
38
Oliviero, Mattia. „Fertility Decisions in Context - Individual and Couple Dynamics“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/243214.
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This thesis contributes to enhance our knowledge on fertility decisions by addressing two major issues. First, it contributes to the understanding of the factors behind the differences in fertility levels among European countries by adopting a holistic perspective. Second, it adds to the fertility topic by examining the whole fertility decision-making process using a dyadic and a life-course perspective to address the ‘fertility gap’ that exists between desired family size and the actual number of children. In order to provide these contributions, this thesis is structured as follows. After a detailed review of the literature, major attention is dedicated to the analysis of the differences in terms of fertility levels between the European countries (Chapter 2). Chapter 3 investigates the fertility decision-making process exploiting the unique information of HILDA, which allows for a dyadic as well as longitudinal analysis of the overall process. The last chapter examines in-depth the transition to parenthood among couples of diverse ethnic origins in Australia.
39
Oliviero, Mattia. „Fertility Decisions in Context - Individual and Couple Dynamics“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/243214.
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This thesis contributes to enhance our knowledge on fertility decisions by addressing two major issues. First, it contributes to the understanding of the factors behind the differences in fertility levels among European countries by adopting a holistic perspective. Second, it adds to the fertility topic by examining the whole fertility decision-making process using a dyadic and a life-course perspective to address the ‘fertility gap’ that exists between desired family size and the actual number of children. In order to provide these contributions, this thesis is structured as follows. After a detailed review of the literature, major attention is dedicated to the analysis of the differences in terms of fertility levels between the European countries (Chapter 2). Chapter 3 investigates the fertility decision-making process exploiting the unique information of HILDA, which allows for a dyadic as well as longitudinal analysis of the overall process. The last chapter examines in-depth the transition to parenthood among couples of diverse ethnic origins in Australia.
40
Basuayi, Clement Bula. „Fertility in Rwanda: Impact of genocide, an ananlysis of fertility before, during and after 1994 genocide“. Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3790_1248421768.
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The 20th century has witnessed several wars and genocides worldwide. Notable examples include the Armenian and Jews genocides which took place during World War I and World War II respectively. The Rwandan genocide of 1994 is a more recent example. These wars and genocides have impacted on the socio-economic and demographic transition with resounding crisis. The present study focused on the Rwandan genocide which affected households and families by reducing the fertility rate. Hence the fertility transition in Rwanda was analyzed for the period before, during and after genocide.
41
Botha, Matthys Hendrik. „Endocrine function and fertility preservation in women surviving cancer : a study on cancer treatment and fertility“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5145.
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Thesis (DMed (Obstetrics and Gynaecology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Chapter 1 is a literature review investigating the incidence of cancer in children and young adults. It describes the most important treatment options including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery and the effect of treatment on future endocrine development and fertility. Different primary cancer sites are discussed in more detail. Chapter 2 is a literature review on the effects of cancer surgery in women and the options for fertility sparing. Cervical cancer and pre-cancer are discussed in detail with options for more conservative surgery in selected patients. A summary of the available published cases of trachelectomy with pregnancy outcomes is included. Other gynaecological cancers requiring surgery are also discussed with reference to conservative options. Chapter 3 is a literature review about the medical (pharmacological) options for protection of ovarian function in patients undergoing oncotherapy. The role of gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogues and hormonal contraceptives in ovarian suppression is discussed in detail. Chapter 4 This chapter examines germ cell physiology with reference to cryopreservation. It includes two major parts. Part 1 is the description of germ cell- and follicle physiology, the principles of cryobiology followed by a review of oocyte cryopreservation and ovarian tissue preservation. Both slow freezing and vitrification techniques are described. The second part of chapter 4 is a report on a randomised controlled evaluation of two different slow freezing cryopreservation protocols. This experimental study compared ultrastructural changes in fresh and previously cryopreserved ovarian cortical tissue after equilibration and thawing using two different cryoprotectants. This is the first randomised investigation into DMSO and PROH as cryoprotectants. Chapter 5 is an investigation into cryopreservation of ovarian tissue as a strategy to protect hormonal function and fertility against gonadotoxic treatment. This chapter consists of two parts. The first part is a thorough literature review of all the published work about grafting of previously cryopreserved ovarian tissue. The largest case series found from a single institution was five patients. Another report of six patients included patients from various sites in Denmark. Part 2 is a description of a cohort of patients followed up after re-implantation of previously cryopreserved ovarian cortical tissue. Follow-up hormone levels of 13 individual cases are described in detail. This is the largest case series ever reported. The experimental study described in Chapter 4 and the clinical study described in Chapter 5 was approved by the ethical research committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, project number N05/10/182. Chapter 6 provides an integrated overview of the incidence and treatment of cancer in young women and how its negative effects may be prevented or mitigated. Aspects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are evaluated where it may affect future reproductive health. The role of oocyte and ovarian tissue cryopreservation is discussed. Guidelines are provided for clinicians.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hoofstuk 1 Hierdie is ‘n literatuuroorsig wat die insidensie van kanker in kinders en jong volwassenes ondersoek. Dit sluit die mees belangrike behandelingsopsies in, naamlik chemoterapie, radioterapie en chirurgie en die effek wat behandeling mag hê op toekomstige endokriene ontwikkeling en fertiliteit. ‘n Verskeidenheid kanker tipes word in meer detail beskryf. Hoofstuk 2 Hoofstuk 2 is ‘n literatuuroorsig oor die effekte van kankerchirurgie in vroue en die geleenthede tot beskerming van fertiliteit. Servikale kanker en voorlopers van servikale kanker word bespreek en die opsies vir konserwatiewe chirurgie in uitgesoekte pasiënte word gegee. ‘n Opsomming van die inligting wat beskikbaar is oor tragelektomie en swangerskap uitkomste word ingesluit. Ander ginekologiese kankers wat chirurgie mag benodig, word ook bespreek met verwysing na konserwatiewe hantering. Hoofstuk 3 ‘n Literatuuroorsig oor die mediese (farmakologiese) opsies vir die beskerming van ovariële funksie in pasiënte wat behandeling ontvang vir kanker. Die rol van gonadotropien-vrystellingshormoon-analoë en hormonale kontrasepsie vir ovariële onderdrukking word in detail bespreek. Hoofstuk 4 Hierdie hoofstuk ondersoek kiemselfisiologie met verwysing na vriesbewaring. Dit is verdeel in twee dele. Deel 1 is ‘n beskrywing van kiemsel- en follikelfisiologie en die beginsels van vriesbiologie. Dit word gevolg deur ‘n oorsig van oösiet vriesbewaring en ovariële weefselbewaring. Stadige bevriesing en vitrifikasie- metodes word bespreek. Die tweede deel van hoofstuk 4 is ‘n verslag oor ‘n gerandomiseerde, gekontroleerde evaluasie van twee stadige bevriesingsmetodes. Hierdie eksperimentele studie het die ultrastrukturele veranderinge vergelyk in vars en voorheen bevrore ovariële kortikale weefsel na ekwilibrasie en ontdooiing met twee verskillende vriesbeskermers. Dit is die eerste gerandomiseerde studie oor DMSO en PROH as vriesbeskermers. Hoofstuk 5 Hierdie hoofstuk handel oor ‘n ondersoek na vriesbewaring van ovariële weefsel as ‘n benadering tot beskerming van hormonale funksie en fertiliteit teen gonadotoksiese behandeling. Die hoofstuk bestaan uit twee dele. Die eerste deel is ‘n deeglike oorsig van die literatuur oor al die beskikbare werk wat handel oor terugplasing van voorheen bevrore ovariële weefsel. Die grootste pasiëntreeks van ‘n enkel instelling was slegs vyf pasiënte. ‘n Ander beskrywing van ses pasiënte het pasiënte van verskeie eenhede in Denemarke ingesluit. Deel 2 is ‘n beskrywing van ‘n groep pasiënte wat opgevolg is na oorplanting van voorheen bevrore ovariële kortikale weefsel. Opvolg hormoonvlakke van 13 gevalle word in detail bespreek. Hierdie is die grootste pasiëntreeks wat tot nog toe beskryf is. Die eksperimentele studie wat in hoofstuk 4 beskryf word en die kliniese studie wat in hoofstuk 5 beskryf word, is goedgekeur deur die etiese navorsingskomitee van die Fakulteit Gesondheidswetenskappe van die Universiteit Stellenbosch met die projeknommer N05/10/182 Hoofstuk 6 Hierdie is ‘n geïntegreerde oorsig van die voorkoms en behandeling van kanker in jong vroue en hoe die negatiewe effekte daarvan voorkom of verminder kan word. Aspekte van chemoterapie, radioterapie en chirurgie word geëvalueer ten opsigte van die effek op toekomstige reproduktiewe gesondheid. Die rol van oösiet- en ovariële weefselvriesbewaring word bespreek. Riglyne vir klinici word gegee.
42
Chingwalu, Julius. „Fertility differentials in South Africa: effects of race on fertility, evidence from National Income Dynamic Survey“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10264.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-68).
Apartheid policies have been criticised for widening inequalities between population groups in South Africa. They have also been considered to have dictated differentials in demographic parameters. With lack of adequate data on social and economic variables in most demographic surveys including DHS, the use of race as a determinant of fertility seems plausible. With adequate data on social and economic factors, we use the NIDS survey to assess the effects of race on fertility after adequately controlling for social and economic factors. A logistic regression model is applied to assess the chance that a woman aged 20-24 has given birth by age 20 and a woman aged 25-29, by age 25. A linear regression model is also applied on the number of children born to a woman, standardised by age. The results show that the effect of race on fertility is not significant.
43
John, Benson. „On Marriage Dynamics and Fertility in Malawi: How Does Remarriage Affect Fertility Preferences and Childbearing Behaviour?“ Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28350.
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The interplay between remarriage and fertility is among the most poorly documented subjects in sub-Saharan Africa, yet remarriage is one of the fundamental aspects of marriage dynamics in the region. Referring to classical demographic and statistical techniques, this research uses data collected since 1992 from Malawi Demographic and Health Surveys to establish the pattern and level of union dissolution and remarriage, and to assess the influence of remarriage on fertility preference and childbearing. The results reveal increasing stability of unions over time and a declining proportion of remarried women. The probability of experiencing first union dissolution within 15 years dropped from 45.9 to 40.0 per cent between 1992 and 2015, while the comparable likelihood of remarriage decreased from 36.1 to 27.7 per cent over the same interval duration. The effect of remarriage on the desire for more children is positive at advanced interval durations relative to the onset of first marriage. At shorter interval periods, where remarriage is relatively most recent, remarriage inhibits the desire for additional children. For example, in 2015, among women who first married 15-19 years before the survey, the odds of desiring another child were 4 per cent significantly higher among remarried women relative to their counterparts in intact unions. In contrast, for women who were married for 0-5 years, remarried women had 3 per cent lower olds of desiring another child. Furthermore, the childbearing pattern of remarried women is found to be distinct from that of women in intact unions. Remarried women give birth to more children sooner than their counterparts in intact unions, but eventually end up with fewer children. Indeed, the results show that in 2015, women in intact unions had 0.4 more children on average than their remarried counterparts. However, the difference in complete family size is steadily diminishing (difference of 1.5 in 2000), largely due to more marked fertility decline among women in intact unions. This trend, together with the long-term pattern of cumulated fertility differentials at younger reproductive ages, and current fertility disparities over the past two decades, strongly reveals that a new regime, where remarried women will end up with higher complete family size than those in intact unions, is emerging.
44
Ockell, Per Ola. „Generalized trust and fertility : A micro-level analysis of social trust and its relationship to fertility“. Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-186759.
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Are individuals that trust strangers more likely to have children, and can they be expected to have more children than their lower trusting counterparts? This article assesses two perspectives that hold this as a likely outcome. One perspective has trusting individuals as more likely to hand over the care of their children to strangers, thereby reconciling work and family dilemmas for women. In the Five-Factor Model of Personality, trusting individuals increase their odds of parenthood through several paths, including better relationship quality and outward behavior. The two perspectives also suggest different macro-level conditions for the associations. The former maintains that trust is more important for fertility in high trusting countries and where women have a high share of highly educated. The latter holds that trust is more important in low trusting countries. It also suggests that men benefit more from being trusting. This article tests these two perspectives quantitatively using a sample of eight countries that participated in the Generations and Genders Survey. The method being logistic regression with a longitudinal design. The second perspective found most support from the analysis. A positive significant association between trust and the likelihood of parenthood was more clearly found among male respondents. This result suggests that researchers on fertility and personality can be recommended to include generalized trust in their statistical models.
45
Lugg, Emily K. „The relationship between fertility intentions and fertility success and it effects on a woman s identity“. Ohio Dominican University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=odu1383667470.
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46
Kwan, Pui-ling Alice. „A comparative study of fertility decline in Hong Kong and Singapore“. [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13458899.
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47
Maheshwari, Abha. „Impact of ovarian ageing on fertility“. Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=56245.
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48
Goñi, i. Tràfach Marc. „Essays on marital sorting and fertility“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/296803.
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This thesis examines the interactions between marital patterns, inequality, and fertility. In the first chapter I analyze the impact of search frictions on marital assortative matching. I exploit a temporary interruption of the “London Season” — a central marriage market where the nineteenth-century British aristocracy courted. I find that the reduction of search frictions associated with this institution explains between 70 and 80 percent of sorting in social status and land-holdings, generating a huge concentration of landed wealth. In the second chapter I examine the relationship between land inequality and the introduction of public education in late-Victorian England and Wales. I show that counties where landownership was more concentrated systematically under-invested in public schooling. In the final chapter I estimate the effects of cousin marriage on fertility in the British peerage. I find that consanguinity initially increases the number of births, but constraints reproductive success in the long-run.En aquesta tesis s’examina la interacció entre els patrons matrimonials, la desigualtat i la fertilitat. En el primer capítol s’analitza l’impacte de les friccions en el procés de cerca sobre l’emparellament selectiu. L’anàlisi es centra en una interrupció de la “London Season” — un mercat de matrimonis centralitzat on els nobles Britànics buscaven esposa. S’estableix que la reducció en les friccions de cerca associades a aquesta institució explica entre un 70 i un 80 per cent de l’emparellament selectiu en termes d’estatus social i de terratinença, afavorint la concentració de terres en poques mans. Al segon capítol s’examina la relació entre la desigualtat en la distribució de la terra i la introducció de l’educació pública a l’Anglaterra victoriana. Els resultats indiquen que els comptats més desiguals varen patir un dèficit sistemàtic en educació pública. Al capítol final s’estimen els efectes de l’endogàmia sobre la fertilitat a la noblesa Britànica. L’endogàmia sembla augmentar el nombre de naixements, però alhora limita l’èxit reproductiu en el llarg termini.
49
Togman, Richard. „Patriotic sex : fertility, fear and power“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58764.
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Decades of research has shown the relative futility of government efforts to manipulate the fertility rate of their citizens and that there is a distinct lack of correlation between population growth and indicators of state power. However, over 145 states currently have ongoing and costly efforts to shape the reproductive behavior of individuals to achieve an idealized rate of aggregate population growth. These states differ culturally, economically, and politically, but their population control policies have ever only followed four models. Why do states pursue population policies that have robust histories of failure and invest scarce resources in programs which show little promise of advancing state interests? Why do states that differ on many objective metrics maintain population policies that are broadly similar and have proven historically ineffective? In this dissertation I find that states do not react to the objective facts of their situations but instead respond to an enduring set of ideas that are generated at the international level. I demonstrate this by tracing the evolution of thinking on population growth and how competing models of the effects of population have driven state policies. Through the use case studies, including France, Germany, Russia, India and China, I illustrate how these competing ideas motivate state intervention in the private reproductive lives of millions of individuals.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Langeni-Mndebele, Tabitha Tholakele. „Sociocultural determinants of fertility in Botswana“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23013.pdf.
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