Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Ferrar family“

Nicholas Ferrar's fame in the twentieth century rests largely upon religious foundations – as a saint of the Church of England and as one of the moving spirits at Little Gidding – but in fact his historical importance is more than merely religious, and indeed religion did not dominate his life before 1625. Born in London in February 1593, the youngest but one of a family of six, Nicholas was named for his father, a highly successful Merchant Adventurer who was also a Master of the Skinners Company. Small, fair-haired, precocious and frail, Nicholas was always his mother's favourite, and it was she who largely influenced his development. At the age of seventeen he was a Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge, but soon after his twentieth birthday he left Cambridge for the sake of his health, spending the years 1613–17 on the continent, chiefly at Padua, where he studied medicine. On his return to England he did not resume his fellowship at Clare, but remained in London with his parents, attending to his now elderly father's business affairs which included membership of the East India and Virginia Companies – and acting as his executor upon his death in 1620.

ZusammenfassungDie gültige Internationale Klassifikation der Kopfschmerzerkrankungen differenziert bei den potenziell zum Kopfschmerz bei Medikamentenübergebrauch führenden Substanzen nicht zwischen den einzelnen Wirkstoffklassen, obwohl diese pharmakologisch große Unterschiede aufweisen. Dies führt unter anderem zu Problemen bei der Beurteilung klinischer Studien zum Medikamentenübergebrauch. Eine Einteilung in Analgetika mit psychotropen Effekten und Analgetika, Migränemittel ohne psychotrope Effekte sowie eine Differenzierung im Bereich der Kombinationsanalgetika wie von Ferrari und Kollegen für die nächste Aktualisierung der IHS-Klassifikation vorgeschlagen, wäre ein wichtiger Schritt, um weitere Verwirrungen und Missinterpretationen beim Thema Kopfschmerz durch Medikamentenübergebrauch, insbesondere bei dem Gebrauch von Kombinationsanalgetika, zu vermeiden.

Vincent Ferrer was born in Valencia on January 23, 1350 and died at Vannes (Brittany) on April 5, 1419. He grew up in a devout family, and by 1367 had joined the Order of Preachers in Valencia. As a member of the Dominican Order, Vincent Ferrer underwent extensive academic and pastoral training from 1370 to 1378 in preparation for a life of scholarly teaching and preaching. He was a teacher of logic at Lleida (1370–71), philosophy at Barcelona (1375), and he completed his formal training at Toulouse (1376–78). These academic activities reflect only one aspect of his intellectual background.

This article comments on: Blümke P, Schlegel J, Gonzalez-Ferrer C, Becher S, Pinto K, Monaghan J, Simon R. 2021. Receptor-like cytoplasmickinase MAZZA mediates developmental processes with CLAVATA1 family receptors in Arabidopsis. Journal of Experimental Botany 72, 4853–4870.

The study deals with the evaluation of the recreational benefit of a reclaimed water reuse project in the municipality of Ferrara, north Italy, by means of the contingent valuation method. It also provides an analysis of the public acceptance of the project, determined by eliciting the willingness of the local people to contribute to the realization of this project in monetary terms (their willingness to pay). The project involves the upgrade of the existing wastewater treatment plant by conventional (rapid sand filters) and natural (constructed wetland) treatments. The latter will be constructed within the urban park surrounding the wastewater treatment plant area and will combine the objectives of both wastewater treatment with recreational services, since they will create equipped green areas open to the public. The study is based on the answers provided by 400 respondents, who are residents in the four districts of the municipality of Ferrara. It emerges that willingness to pay is strongly influenced by the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, with an amount on average of 48 €/family.

Several species of “philosciid” Oniscidea are known from Brazil, most of them were found in the southern and eastern parts of this country. The genera Atlantoscia Ferrara & Taiti, 1981, Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 and Balloniscus Budde-Lund, 1908, the latter considered to represent a separate family Balloniscidae Vandel, 1963, are considered the only neotropical philosciids bearing respiratory areas on their pleopods. Therefore, representatives of these genera are re-examined to shed new light on the question whether these species can be considered to be a monophylum with the autapomorphy “respiratory areas present”, The phylogeny of the above-mentioned genera is discussed under morphological and biogeographical aspects. Furthermore, a remarkable new species of Atlantoscia Ferrara & Taiti, 1981, which bears pleopodal lungs in all five pairs of pleopods, is described. In regard to this character, it differs from its sister species Atlantoscia floridana (Van Name, 1940). Additionally, the hitherto unknown male of Benthana convexa Lemos de Castro, 1958 will be described; it is evident that this species is different from its closest relative B. schubarti Lemos de Castro, 1958, which is also found in Brazil.

I am delighted to introduce my colleague, Dr. Lucille Ferrara, as the author of this issue’s Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) column. Having been a preceptor for Pace’s family nurse practitioner (FNP) students, an adjunct clinical instructor, and now one of our esteemed full-time faculty members, she has had a wealth of experience in facilitating the learning of FNP students, especially with regard to incorporating EBP into clinical decision-making as an integral part of advanced nursing practice. The column that follows combines Dr. Ferrara’s clinical teaching experience with some theoretical approaches to teaching and learning EBP concepts.

The marine sponge family Raspailiidae Hentschel is revised and referred to the order Poecilosclerida. Of 48 nominal genera, 17 (including one new genus and one new subgenus) are recognised here: Raspailia Nardo, (Hymeraphiopsis, subg. nov.), Ectyoplasia Topsent, Endectyon Topsent, Trikentrion Ehlers, Cyamon Gray, Aulospongus Norman, Raspaciona Topsent, Rhabdeurypon Topsent, Eurypon Gray, Plocamione Topsent, Amphinomia, gen. nov., Lithoplocamia Dendy, Hymeraphia Bowerbank, Ceratopsion Strand, Thrinacophora Ridley, Axechina Hentschel and Echinodictyum Ridley, and three genera are incertae sedis (Tethyspira Topsent, Sigmeurypon Topsent, Cantabrina Ferrer-Hernandez). Fifty-six species are described for the Australian fauna, of which 14 are new to science: Raspailia daminensis, R. desrnonyiformis, R. keriontria, R. melanorhops, R. phakellopsis, R. reticulata, R. wardi, R. wilkinsoni, Ectyoplasia vannus, Endectyon elyakovi, Ceratopsion montebelloensis, C. palmafa, Echinodictyum austrinus, spp. nov. and Amphinomia sulphurea, gen. nov., sp. nov. The phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical distribution of the family are discussed. Tropical north-westem Australian-southem Indonesia has the highest diversity of species in the Indo-west Pacific, and altogether the Australasian region has about 20% of the world's known raspailiid fauna.

I have just returned from the Eighth World Congress of Psycho-oncology, which was held in Venice on October 18–21, 2006, and attracted the largest number of attendees ever to participate in the annual scientific meeting of the International Psycho-Oncology Society (IPOS). There were close to 1500 participants from 58 countries. Professor Luigi Grassi of the University of Ferrara, the current President of IPOS, was the organizing chair of the Congress, and he and his local scientific committee did a magnificent job of hosting a most diverse and multidisciplinary meeting. A Pre-Congress Psychosocial Academy, consisting of two days of intensive workshops led by outstanding international faculty, was held in beautiful Ferrara, just prior to the start of the Congress in Venice. As the incoming vice president of IPOS, a member of the Psychosocial Academy held in Ferrara, and an active scientific participant in the Eighth World Congress in Venice, it is fair to say that I was pretty busy. In fact, because of all of my activities related to this conference and IPOS, I was away from home and work for nine full days, the longest time I've ever been away from my family. This commitment of an unusually inordinate amount of time to a scientific conference activity made me sit down and evaluate whether the commitment of that much time was really worth it. I was aware, the entire time I attended the conference-related activities, that I needed to come away with at least one important lesson, idea, thought, or inspiration; otherwise I would have felt that I had not spent the time wisely. In other words, I needed the answer to the questions “What brought me to Venice, and where was I going beyond Venice?” Existential questions? Of course!

The Charipinae (Cynipoidea: Figitidae) are a small group of Hymenoptera biologically characterized as being secondary parasitoids of aphids and psyllids (Hemiptera) (Menke & Evenhuis, 1991). A total of 281 species of Charipinae have been described since the first species was described by Westwood (1833) (including two fossils, one of them recently transferred in a new family, Protimaspidae). An updated world catalogue of the Charipinae is presented here, with 168 valid species: 111 included in Alloxysta Förster, 31 in Phaenoglyphis Förster, 13 in Dilyta Förster, 5 in Apocharips Fergusson, 4 in Thoreauana Girault, and 1 in Dilapothor Paretas-Martínez & Pujade-Villar, Lobopterocharips Paretas-Martínez & Pujade-Villar, Lytoxysta Kieffer and †Protocharips Kovalev. Eight species are considered as nomen nudum: Allotria fusca Dahlbom, 1842; Allotria thoreyi Dahlbom, 1842; Xystus xanthocephala Dahlbom, 1842; Allotria pusillina Giraud, 1877; Charips aphidiinaecida de Santis, 1937; Alloxysta keudelli Hedicke, 1927; Allotria amygdali Buckton, 1879 and Allotria polita Provancher, 1881. Six as nomen dubium: Allotria (Allotria) recticornis atra Kieffer, 1902; Allotria (Allotria) brevicornis Kieffer, 1902; Allotria (Allotria) orthocera Kieffer, 1902; Xystus femoralis Hartig, 1841; Charipsella laevigata Brèthes, 1913; Dilyta (Alloxysta) ignorata Kieffer, 1900. Three species are incertae sedis: Charips silvicola Belizin, 1928, Cynips atriceps Buckton, 1879 and Allotria (Allotria) testaceipes Kieffer, 1902. Two species are here synonymized: Alloxysta discreta (Förster, 1869) with A. ramulifera (Thomson, 1862) and A. megaptera (Cameron, 1889) with A. ruficollis (Cameron, 1883). Two species are raised from synonymy and considered here as valid species: Alloxysta cameroni (Cameron, 1883) and A. marshalliana (Kieffer, 1900). New names for species of Alloxysta are presented for homonimies with other Alloxysta species derived from the new combinations: Alloxysta ionescui Pujade-Villar & Ferrer-Suay new name for Alloxysta luteipes (Ionescu, 1969) n. comb., Alloxysta forshagei Pujade-Villar & Ferrer-Suay new name for Alloxysta bicolor (Ionescu, 1959) n. comb., and Alloxysta mattiasi Pujade-Villar & Ferrer-Suay new name for Alloxysta luteipes (Ionescu, 1959) n. comb. Also a new name to Phaenoglyphis is presented for the same reason before mentioned but without new combination: Phaenoglyphis hedickei Pujade-Villar & Ferrer-Suay new name for Phaenoglyphis longicornis Hedicke, 1928 and two new combinations are presented: Alloxysta rufa (Ionescu, 1959) n. comb and Alloxysta consobrina (Zetterstedt, 1838) Forshage n. comb. This catalogue includes: (i) a diagnosis of the subfamily with the most important taxonomic characters for species recognition, and illustrations of these characters; (ii) a key to genera; (iii) a list of all authors describing species of Charipinae; and (iv) a host table. The distribution of the Charipinae includes 106 Palaearctic species, 37 Nearctic, 11 Neotropical, 10 Afrotropical, 7 Oriental and 11 Australian. The species Alloxysta victrix (Westwood, 1833), A. fuscicornis (Hartig, 1841) and Phaenoglyphis villosa (Hartig, 1841) are cosmopolitan.

Abstract Research findings suggest that family visits to nursing home residents are important for countering depression, increasing residents’ well-being and quality of life (Miller, 2019; Durkin et al., 2014), maintaining physical function (Shankar et al., 2017), and improving general health (Parmenter et al., 2012). Presence by family can directly impact a resident’s care quality, since family members may take a role in monitoring their older relative’s status (Miller, 2019). Unfortunately, regular family visits to nursing homes may be difficult, or impossible, due to challenges that include distance, travel time, lack of transportation, and cost (Fields et al., 2019) (Miller, 2019). These same challenges may translate to socio-economic barriers for families, eliminating long-term-care as an option for older relatives (Ferraro et al., 2017), (Angel and Berlinger, 2018). This paper considers the issue of nursing home visitation access and examines related disparities through spatial and demographic analysis of 15,000+ US facilities monitored by the Centers for Medicare the Medicaid Services. Mathematical models are used to analyze facility and population data, using access measures adapted from the geography discipline (Lou and Wang, 2003; Paez et al., 2019). Analysis explores whether higher rated nursing homes are more likely to be closer to affluent populations, and whether socioeconomic status is a significant factor in overall access. Analysis reveals patterns of access disparity with respect to nursing home ratings and geographies. For example, proximity to higher rated facilities increases monotonically with median household income. Specific policy recommendations are discussed.

The poem is the duke’s side of a conversation about the duchess with an emissary who has come representing a family potentially interested in having their daughter marry the duke and become his next duchess.The duke and duchess rule the mythical duchy of Ferrara in an Italy of long ago. That makes them the executive officers, chief administrators, and designated heads of government over the people within the duchy: A pair of top cats. For us, what is interesting about this pair is the strong contrast of their leadership styles. The duke is autocratic and direct; the duchess he describes is quite the opposite — and, at least for the duke, unsettlingly effective. Through his conversation, the duke gives us many clues with regard to how they both rule. Who do you think is the better leader?

Abstract My article focuses on the Franco-Italian poem Attila Flagellum Dei, composed by Nicolò da Càsola, an Italian notary, in the second half of the XIV century for the Estensi in Ferrara, in order to celebrate the heroic origins of the family: actually, it is the first encomiastic poem dedicated to them, before the major works by Boiardo and Ariosto. The poem is witnessed by a single manuscript (divided into two tomes), supposedly in the hand of the author himself. My study provides a new biographic profile of Nicolò and his family, also through an overview of some archival documents from the Archivio di Stato in Bologna. The article also presents a brief summary of the narration, and outlines the principal characters, the positive ones (Forest and Gilius in particular) as well as the negative ones (Attila), seen as prototypes alluding to other fictional or historical figures (Forest = Hector of Troy; Attila = the entire Visconti’s family). At last, my paper offers a sample (the proem) of the critical and commented edition I am working at. The text is preceded by an analysis that illustrates its peculiar linguistic features, with a particular regard on the rhymes: indeed, far from being representative of the generic class of Franco-italian works composed by Italo-Romance authors, the poem Attila Flagellum Dei shows a combination of hypercharacterized French and Italo-Romance dialects of Northern Italy.

Marianne Dashwood was well able to imagine circumstances both favourable and unfavourable to her. But for all her romantic sensibility she was not able to imagine these things from anything other than her own point of view.‘She expected from other people the same opinions and feelings as her own, and she judged of their motives by the immediate effect of their actions on herself.’ Unlike her sister, she could not see how the ill-crafted attentions of Mrs.Jennings could derive from a good nature. And when Elinor had to explain her troubles with Edward Ferrars, she knew that Marianne would feel it as a reminder of her own relations to Willoughby, judging Edward's behaviour as equivalent to that of Willoughby himself. Without the capacity to shift her point of view, Marianne can get no ironic distance from herself; she cannot see the unrealism of her later determination ‘to live solely for my family’.

Marianne Dashwood was well able to imagine circumstances both favourable and unfavourable to her. But for all her romantic sensibility she was not able to imagine these things from anything other than her own point of view. ‘She expected from other people the same opinions and feelings as her own, and she judged of their motives by the immediate effect of their actions on herself.’ Unlike her sister, she could not see how the ill-crafted attentions of Mrs. Jennings could derive from a good nature. And when Elinor had to explain her troubles with Edward Ferrars, she knew that Marianne would feel it as a reminder of her own relations to Willoughby, judging Edward's behaviour as equivalent to that of Willoughby himself. Without the capacity to shift her point of view, Marianne can get no ironic distance from herself; she cannot see the unrealism of her later determination ‘to live solely for my family’.

‘The most important principle of all our inheritance and family law is the preservation of the patrimony.’—Josep Faus i Condomines, 1907Marriage strategies leading to the biological and social reproduction of the family were the main goal of stem family households in Catalonia. This goal was closely linked to the maintenance or increase of the family inheritance, mostly in terms of arable land. The ‘house’, which in Catalonia connotes the family household, lay at the centre of this system. The aim of this article is to analyse some Catalan marriage strategies, together with inheritance and social customs. This will be carried out through an analysis of the matrimonial behaviour of a stem family living in the village of Sant Pere de Riudebitlles over 300 years, from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century. We will show how this family achieved its main biological and social reproduction goals. Our inquiries use the techniques of L. Ferrer-Alòs and A. Fauve-Chamoux. As D. S. Reher has remarked, ‘The only way to flesh this out adequately is to look at the system from inside out, in terms of the way individual families sorted out their destinies within the context they had inherited…it would also be most interesting to be able to observe succession strategies of families according to their concrete demographic constraints such as number, age, and gender distribution of their offspring surviving past early childhood.’P. Laslett – first in 1972 and later in 1983 – coined a typology for the analysis of the household. He defined a household as a domestic coresident group, wherein people with or without family ties live together, sharing the main meals. The Laslett household classification scheme has been widely used by researchers. However, Laslett's scheme has had some critics, who object to its static approach to family and household analysis. Our view is that domestic coresident group analysis should be dynamic; that is to say, we should study the household by observing its different stages, and considering the social, economic and historical framework of its geographical area. This framework helps us to determine the logic of family behaviour and the various strategies which a family might pursue in order to achieve a particular goal. We believe that these aims do not stand in contradiction to the Laslett typology.

A list of available taxonomic names in Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae in familyand genus-groups is given, together with some remarks on unavailable nominal taxa. Comments are provided on their status and nomenclature, and additions and corrections to extant catalogues given, as a first step for their inclusion in the electronic catalogue ‘WTaxa’. Available names, not recognised as such in current published catalogues, are: Mecopelminae Thompson, 1992; Trypodendrina Nunberg, 1954; Archaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Camptocerus Dejean, 1821; Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Coptogaster Illiger, 1804; Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Cryptoxyleborus Wood & Bright, 1992; Cylindra Illiger, 1802; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1963; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1938; Doliopygus Browne, 1962; Doliopygus Schedl, 1972; Erioschidias Wood, 1960; Ernopocerus Wood, 1954; Idophelus Rye, 1877; Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Lepidocerus Rye, 1880; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963; Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1963; Pinetoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Pygmaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Spinuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1963; Stylotentus Schedl, 1963; Thamnophthorus Blackman, 1942; Trachyostus Browne, 1962; Treptoplatypus Schedl, 1972; Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Trypodendrum Agassiz, 1846; Tubuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Xelyborus Schedl, 1939. Unavailable names, not recognised as such in the current published catalogues, are: Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966; Eidophelinae Murayama, 1954; Mecopelmini Wood, 1966; Strombophorini Schedl, 1960; Tomicidae Shuckard, 1840; Trypodendrinae Trédl, 1907; Acryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Adryocoetes Schedl, 1952; Asetus Nunberg, 1958; Carphoborites Schedl, 1947; Charphoborites Schedl, 1947; Cryptoxyleborus Schedl, 1937; Cylindrotomicus Eggers, 1936; Damicerus Dejean, 1835; Damicerus Dejean, 1836; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1957; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1937; Doliopygus Schedl, 1939; Erioschidias Schedl, 1938; Ernopocerus Balachowsky, 1949; Gnathotrichoides Blackman, 1931; Ipites Karpiński, 1962; Isophthorus Schedl, 1938; Jugocryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Landolphianus Schedl, 1950; Mesopygus Nunberg, 1966; Micraciops Schedl, 1953; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939; Mixopygus Nunberg, 1966; Neohyorrhynchus Schedl, 1962; Neophloeotribus Eggers, 1943; Neopityophthorus Schedl, 1938; Neoxyleborus Wood, 1982; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1962; Platypinus Schedl, 1939; Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957; Platyscapus Schedl, 1939; Pygodolius Nunberg, 1966; Scutopygus Nunberg, 1966; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1941; Stylotentus Schedl, 1939; Taphrostenoxis Schedl, 1965; Tesseroplatypus Schedl, 1935; Thamnophthorus Schedl, 1938; Thylurcos Schedl, 1939; Trachyostus Schedl, 1939; Treptoplatus Schedl, 1939. The name Tesseroceri Blandford, 1896, incorrectly given as “Tesserocerini genuini” in current catalogues, is unavailable as basionym for the family-group name, since it was proposed as a genusgroup name. Resurrected names from synonymy are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 from synonymy under Ctenophorini Chapuis, 1869 (invalid name because its type genus is a homonym) and given precedence over Problechilidae Eichhoff, 1878 under Art. 24.2; Hylurgini Gistel, 1848 from virtual synonymy under Tomicini C.G. Thomson, 1859 (unavailable name); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 from synonymy under Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Costaroplatus Nunberg, 1963 from synonymy under Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 from synonymy under Ips DeGeer, 1775 to valid subgenus of the same; Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 from synonymy under Rhopalopselion Hagedorn, 1909 to valid genus; Pseudips Cognato, 2000, from synonymy under Orthotomicus Ferrari, 1867 to valid genus. New synonyms are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 (= Erineophilides Hopkins, 1920, syn. nov.); Hypoborini Nuesslin, 1911 (= Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966, unavailable name, syn. nov.); Scolytini Latreille, 1804 (= Minulini Reitter, 1913, syn. nov.); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 (= Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963, syn. nov.); Aphanarthrum Wollaston, 1854 (= Coleobothrus Enderlein, 1929, syn. nov.); Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 (=Emarips Cognato, 2001, syn. nov.); Doliopygus Browne, 1962 (=Doliopygus Schedl, 1972, syn. nov.); Eidophelus Eichhoff, 1875 (= Idophelus Rye, 1877, syn. nov.); Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 (= Hylesinopsis Eggers, 1920, syn. nov.); Phloeoborus Erichson, 1836 (= Phloeotrypes Agassiz, 1846, syn. nov.); Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepidocerus Rye, 1880, synn. nov.); Trypodendron Stephens, 1830 (=Xylotrophus Gistel, 1848 = Trypodendrum Gistel, 1856, synn. nov.); Xylechinus Chapuis, 1869 (= Chilodendron Schedl, 1953, syn. nov.); Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Hylastes pumilus Mannerheim, 1843 (= Dolurgus pumilus Eichhoff, 1868, syn. nov.); Hypoborus hispidus Ferrari, 1867 (= Pycnarthrum gracile Eichhoff, 1878 (April) syn. nov.); Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1942, syn. nov.); Miocryphalus congonus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus congonus Eggers, 1940, syn. nov.); Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) = Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (June) (= Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (December), syn. nov.); Triarmocerus cryphalo-ides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes darvini Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes darwinii Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.). New type species designations are: Bostrichus dactyliperda Fabricius, 1801 for Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) for Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Ozopemon regius Hagedorn, 1908 for Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910 (non 1908); Dermestes typographus Linnaeus, 1758 for Bostrichus Fabricius, 1775 (non Geoffroy, 1762). New combinations are: Afromicracis agnata (Schedl, 1939), A. attenuata (Eggers, 1935), A. ciliatipennis (Schedl, 1979), A. congona (Schedl, 1939), A. dubia (Schedl, 1950), A. elongata (Schedl, 1965), A. grobleri (Schedl, 1961), A. klainedoxae (Schedl, 1957), A. longa (Nunberg, 1964), A. natalensis (Eggers, 1936), A. nigrina (Schedl, 1957), A. nitida (Schedl, 1965), A. pennata (Schedl, 1953) and A. punctipennis (Schedl, 1965) all from Miocryphalus; Costaroplatus abditulus (Wood, 1966), C. abditus (Schedl, 1936), C. carinulatus (Chapuis, 1865), C. clunalis (Wood, 1966), C. cluniculus (Wood, 1966), C. clunis (Wood, 1966), C. costellatus (Schedl, 1933), C. frontalis (Blandford, 1896), C. imitatrix (Schedl, 1972), C. manus (Schedl, 1936), C. occipitis (Wood, 1966), C. pulchellus (Chapuis, 1865), C. pulcher (Chapuis, 1865), C. pusillimus (Chapuis, 1865), C. subabditus (Schedl, 1935), C. turgifrons (Schedl, 1935) and C. umbrosus (Schedl, 1936) all from Platyscapulus; Hapalogenius africanus (Eggers, 1933), H. alluaudi (Lepesme, 1942), H. angolanus (Wood, 1988), H. angolensis (Schedl, 1959), H. arabiae (Schedl, 1975), H. atakorae (Schedl, 1951), H. ater (Nunberg, 1967), H. baphiae (Schedl, 1954), H. brincki (Schedl, 1957), H. confusus (Eggers, 1935), H. decellei (Nunberg, 1969), H. dimorphus (Schedl, 1937), H. dubius (Eggers, 1920), H. emarginatus (Nunberg, 1973), H. endroedyi (Schedl, 1967), H. fasciatus (Hagedorn, 1909), H. ficus (Schedl, 1954), H. fuscipennis (Chapuis, 1869), H. granulatus (Lepesme, 1942), H. hirsutus (Schedl, 1957), H. hispidus (Eggers, 1924), H. horridus (Eggers, 1924), H. joveri (Schedl, 1950), H. kenyae (Wood, 1986), H. oblongus (Eggers, 1935), H. orientalis (Eggers, 1943), H. pauliani (Lepesme, 1942), H. punctatus (Eggers, 1932), H. quadrituberculatus (Schedl, 1957), H. rhodesianus (Eggers, 1933), H. saudiarabiae (Schedl, 1971), H. seriatus (Eggers, 1940), H. squamosus (Eggers, 1936), H. striatus (Schedl, 1957), H. sulcatus Eggers, 1944), H. togonus (Eggers, 1919), H. ugandae (Wood, 1986) and H. variegatus (Eggers, 1936), all from Hylesinopsis. New ranks are: Diapodina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini; Tesserocerina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini. New placements are: Coptonotini Chapuis, 1869 from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Scolytinae; Mecopelmini Thompson, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Schedlariini Wood & Bright, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Spathicranuloides Schedl, 1972, from Platypodinae s.l. to Tesserocerina; Toxophthorus Wood, 1962 from Scolytinae incertae sedis to Dryocoetini. Confirmed placements are: Onychiini Chapuis, 1869 to tribe of Cossoninae (including single genus Onychius Chapuis, 1869); Sciatrophus Sampson, 1914 in Cossoninae incertae sedis; Cryphalites Cockerell, 1917 in Zopheridae Colydiinae. Corrected spellings are: Micracidini LeConte, 1876 for Micracini; Phrixosomatini Wood, 1978 for Phrixosomini. Gender agreements are corrected for species of several genera.

In this study the authors evaluated the prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and the incidence in determining the occurrence thereof, given by the following risk factors: age, family history for Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking, diet, macrosomia in previous pregnancies and physical activity. To this end, they investigated a cohort of 61 pregnant women, who had at least one risk factor, in a total period of nine months, during which women checked in the Clinic of Endocrinology and Diabetology of the Hospital “F. Ferrari” in Casarano (Lecce) Italy, and were subjected to an anamnestic investigation and then to a diagnostic test (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, OGTT 75 g). The anamnesis has allowed to identify the type of risk factors that are present in the population, while the OGTT has allowed to diagnose gestational diabetes. Later, an analysis of the cross-collected data was performed in order to evaluate the percentage incidence of the disease, in relation to risk factors observed. The authors’ results confirmed a prevalence of GDM of 26.23% and the existence of a close association between risk factors and GDM. In particular, the risk factors, macrosomia, BMI = 25 kg/m2, a hypercaloric diet, light physical activity, and age = 35 years, seem to have more influence than smoking and family history for DM, inducing the onset of the illness.

Vitaceae Juss. is a family of 15 genera and about 750 species mainly distributed in tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, the neotropics, and the Pacific islands, with a few genera [Vitis Linnaeus (1753: 202), Parthenocissus Planchon [1887: 447(–448)], Ampelopsis Michaux (1803: 159), and Nekemias Rafinesque (1838: 87)] occurring in temperate regions (APGIII 2009, Wen 2007, Wen et al. 2014). The family is well known for its economical importance since several species, especially Vitis vinifera Linnaeus (1753: 202) and several artificial hybrids of Vitis, are important sources of grapes, wine, and raisins (Ardenghi et al. 2014). Bignonia peruviana Linnaeus (1753: 625), one of the 19 Vitaceae names published by Carl Linnaeus (see Jarvis 2007) appears to be yet untypified, and is here investigated as part of ongoing studies on: (1) Linnaean types (by D. Iamonico, see e.g., Ferrer-Gallego et al. 2014, Iamonico 2014a, 2014b, 2014c, Iamonico et al. 2014, 2015, Sukhorukov et al. 2014); (2) the genus Vitis in Italy (by N.M.G. Ardenghi, E. Banfi, and G. Galasso, see e.g. Ardenghi et al. 2014, 2015a, 2015b); (3) the Neotropical Vitaceae (by J. Lombardi, see e.g., Lombardi 1995, 1997, 2000, Rodrigues et al. 2014); and (4) the Bignoniaceae (by L.G. Lohmann, see e.g., Lohmann et al. 2013, Lohmann & Taylor 2014, Fonseca et al. 2015, Medeiros & Lohmann 2015, Zuntini et al. 2014).

The important link between family life and youth health and wellbeing is widely acknowledged in research and literature. Equally, it is noted that the nature of relationships youngsters have with their parents, necessarily impact on the psychological wellbeing of parents.In the majority, current parent education programs focus on younger children, and largely advise parents on child development and child management. Depending on the theoretical orientation of the program, either the child's troublesome behaviour is focus for change or parents are required to change their behaviour or parenting techniques. The limitations of these approaches have been noted. While prescriptive parent education programs are clearly inappropriate where teenagers are the focus, few suitable group programs have been developed with a practical alternative orientation.This paper reports on one form of parent education being developed at Springvale Community Health Centre which serves to explore the practical relevance and benefits of a family systems approach in support-group programs for parents of adolescent children. Essentially, the family systems approach locates the parent-teenager relationship in the context of the family. Using key notions such as context, connectedness, continuity and change an attempt is made in the group to facilitate personal growth and the emergence of an alternative vision of family dynamics and parenting relationships.We shall not cease from explorationAnd the end of all our exploring‘Will be to arrive where we startedAnd to know the place for the first time(T.S. Eliot, “Little Gidding”)We got here through the grace of our parents.We get by with the help of our friends.We go on for the future of our children.(Ferber A. et al. The Book of Family Therapy, 1972)

We record with sadness the death of Franz Kahn, a former Associate Editor of the Journal of Plasma Physics.Franz was born in Germany in 1926, but his family emigrated to England in 1938. He attended Oxford University, obtaining First Class Honours in Mathematics in 1947, and continuing as a research student there, eventually gaining his D.Phil. in 1950. His thesis work already involved him in plasma physics, under one of the pioneers of the subject. His supervisor was Sydney Chapman, and his topic was that of the production of plasma by solar flares, and its interaction with the Earth's atmosphere. This field had already been opened by Chapman and a previous pupil, Vincent Ferraro, in the 1930s. The idea had originally been phrased in terms of ‘corpuscles’, i.e. energetic ions and electrons, but it had gradually been realized that electrostatic forces give such a medium a coherence, so that it should be described as a fluid, notwithstanding the lack of collisions. This is of course the basic idea of plasma physics, and when the importance of magnetic fields was included, one had all the ingredients of magnetohydrodynamics.

Blue and Not So Pink (2012), created by Miguel Ferrari as director and screenwriter, received innumerable positive and negative critiques. In spite of the negative evaluations, the film managed to become a great box office success in Venezuela and in 2013 obtained the Goya Award for the best Spanish American film. This study will analyze the film’s most significant themes; that is, that the consideration of human diversity as an element should be accepted in our societies, the possibility of giving voice to persons who suffer discrimination and the issue of self-acceptance. The notion that the film proposes that there should be other types of families in our societies will be considered: families with gay parents, those with only one parent, and therefore, families that are formed with no blood relationship whatsoever. The trajectory of the main characters within parameters that are juxtaposed and, at the same time, complement each other will be observed—the private and public world, the social sphere and the familial one. Consequently, the transformation that occurs in the family unit to include more unbiased parental rights for homosexuals and transexuals in the formation of a new kind of family core will likewise be examined. By way of conclusion, it will be observed how the musical diversity of the film is developed intradiegetically to support gender diversity, as well as an examination of the concept of gender within heterocentric society and the way in which relationships of homosexual couples and transgender couples challenge patriarchal society and the dichotomous, binary system it adopted.

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a growing family of enzymes implicated in transcriptional regulation by affecting the acetylation state of core histones in the nucleus of cells. HDACs are known to have key roles in the regulation of cell proliferation [Brehm, Miska, McCance, Reid, Bannister and Kouzarides (1998) Nature (London) 391, 597–600], and aberrant recruitment of an HDAC complex has been shown to be a key step in the mechanism of cell transformation in acute promyelocytic leukaemia [Grignani, De Matteis, Nervi, Tomassoni, Gelmetti, Cioce, Fanelli, Ruthardt, Ferrara, Zamir et al. (1998) Nature (London) 391, 815–818; Lin, Nagy, Inoue, Shao, Miller and Evans (1998), Nature (London) 391, 811–814]. Here we present the complete nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone, termed HDAC8, that encodes a protein product with similarity to the RPD3 class (I) of HDACs. The predicted 377-residue HDAC8 product contains a shorter C-terminal extension relative to other members of its class. After expression in two cell systems, immunopurified HDAC8 is shown to possess trichostatin A- and sodium butyrate-inhibitable HDAC activity on histone H4 peptide substrates as well as on core histones. Expression profiling reveals the expression of HDAC8 to various degrees in every tissue tested and also in several tumour lines. Mutation of two adjacent histidine residues within the predicted active site severely decreases activity, confirming these residues as important for HDAC8 enzyme activity. Finally, linkage analysis after radiation hybrid mapping has localized HDAC8 to chromosomal position Xq21.2–Xq21.3. These results confirm HDAC8 as a new member of the HDAC family.

Abstract Motivation Motif-HMM (mHMM) scanning has been shown to possess unique advantages over standardly used sequence-profile search methods (e.g. HMMER, PSI-BLAST) since it is particularly well-suited to discriminate proteins with variations inside conserved motifs (e.g. family subtypes) or motifs lacking essential residues (false positives, e.g. pseudoenzymes). Results In order to make mHMM widely accessible to a broader scientific community, we developed Leitmotif, an mHMM web application with many parametrization options easily accessible through intuitive interface. Substantial improvement of performance (ROC scores) was obtained by using two novel parameters. To the best of our knowledge, Leitmotif is the only available mHMM application. Availability and implementation Leitmotif is freely available at https://leitmotif.irb.hr. Contact sinisa@heuristika.hr or ivan.vujaklija@fer.hr Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Additional descriptions and illustrations of the females of Heteramalla sarsi Roe, 1975, Amallothrix aspinosa Roe, 1975 and Landrumius gigas (A. Scott, 1909), collected in the central and northwestern Pacific for the first time, are presented. The diagnostic significance of the setation of the maxillules, maxillae and maxillipeds in Scolecitrichidae, Tharybidae and Diaixidae is analyzed. The proportions of maxillule expressed as indices showing length or width of its different parts in relation to the width of the first inner lobe are proposed here as the main distinguishing characters separating Scolecitrichidae and Tharybidae, more informative than some diagnostic features of its setation. The relationships between the Bradfordian families and between sections of the family Scolecitrichidae are discussed, mainly on the basis of setation of the maxilla and maxilliped. The systematic positions of A. aspinosa and the genera Heteramalla, Puchinia, Cenognatha, Plesioscolecithrix, Rythabis and Parkius are discussed. A detailed comparative analysis of characters of the genus Heteramalla is provided. Heteramalla and Puchinia belong to the group of early offshoots of the family Scolecitrichidae, not to the central core, where they were placed by Ohtsuka with coauthors (2003) and by Boxshall & Hulsey (2004). Rythabis has the setation of maxillule closer to the ancestral type common to all Bradfordian families, but the proportions of maxillule typical to Tharybidae. Since the indices of maxillule do not overlap in Scolecitrichidae and Tharybidae, and the maxillule and other mouthparts show different evolutionary trends of specialization, Rythabis is considered as a member of the Tharybidae, where it was placed by Schulz (in Schulz & Beckmann, 1995). Parkius has the proportions of the maxillule intermediate between those in Scolecitrichidae and Tharybidae and unique apomorphic features recorded earlier by Ferrari & Markhaseva (1996). These unique progressive features of Parkius can be a result of important biological transformations, compared with the other Bradfordian families; therefore the status of the separate family Parkiidae, fam. dist., is restored. The male considered as Racovitzanus sp. (Grice & Hulsemann, 1967) actually belongs to Parkius. Swimming legs 5 of this male are peculiar, fitting those neither of Scolecitrichidae nor of Tharybidae. Their structure shows a separate evolutionary trend and also justifies the family status of Parkiidae.

Abstract The predominant methods for determination of dithiocarbamate fungicides (DTC) have been based on quantitation of carbon disulfide released by hot acid digestion. Because the subgroups of the DTC family differ in their chemical properties and toxicological behavior, selective determination is required. To meet the demand for a fast, simple, and sensitive procedure, a new reversed-phase ion-pair chromatographic method was developed, consisting of surface extraction followed by direct injection into a liquid chromatographic system equipped with ultraviolet and electrochemical detectors, connected in series. The procedure is applicable to residues of N-methyldithiocarbamates (metam-sodium), N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamates (e.g., ziram and ferbam), ethylenebisdithiocarbamates (e.g., nabam, maneb, zineb, and mancozeb), and propylenebisdithiocarbamates (e.g., propineb) in fruits and vegetables. Limits of quantitation, calculated according to the procedure of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, are 9, 12, 8, and 12 μg CS2/L for N-methyl-DTC, N,N-dimethyl-DTC, ethylenebis-DTC, and propylenebis-DTC, respectively, when electrochemical detection is used.

The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum exhibits high activities of phospholipase and lysophospholipase [Ferber, Munder, Fischer and Gerisch (1970) Eur. J. Biochem. 14, 253–257]. We assayed Dictyostelium lysates to demonstrate the presence of a highly active phospholipase B (PLB) enzyme that removed both fatty-acid chains from phosphatidylcholine and produced the water-soluble glycerophosphorylcholine. We purified the PLB activity from Dictyostelium cytosol using standard agarose media (size exclusion and ion exchange), and combined this with an affinity purification step using myristoylated ARF1 (ADP-ribosylation factor 1), a protein which has a single fatty acid at its N-terminus. Two proteins co-purified (48 kDa and 65 kDa), and the 48 kDa protein was digested with trypsin, peptide fragments were separated by reverse-phase chromatography, and the resultant peptides were sequenced by Edman degradation. From the peptide sequences obtained, database searches revealed a gene which encodes a protein of 65 kDa with unknown function. The 48 kDa protein therefore appears to be a fragment of the full-length 65 kDa product. Expression of the gene in Escherichia coli confirmed that it encodes a PLB. Characterization of its substrate specificity indicated that, in addition to phosphatidylcholine deacylation, the enzyme also hydrolysed phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The PLB identified in the present study is not related to existing PLBs found in bacteria, fungi or mammals. There are, however, genes similar to Dictyostelium PLB in mammals, flies, worms and Giardia, but not in yeast. We therefore have identified a novel family of intracellular PLBs.

<div>No presente artigo realizo um percurso do contato com as narrativas de experiências vividas pelos artistas circenses que nos leva à reflexão sobre o drama vivido pelas companhias de circo-teatro e sobre a noção de “circo-família”, fazendo uma análise de algumas peças encenadas por estas companhias. Nesse caminho, localizo uma dinâmica de transformação do drama tradicional de circo em comédia e esboço uma compreensão sobre este fenômeno. Para além da análise do drama como texto, refl eto sobre a cena no circoteatro, observando a relação que o palhaço estabelece com a sua platéia. Comento, no final do percurso, a metodologia adotada na proposição da encenação da experiência vivida para a pesquisa etnográfica.<br /></div><div><div><br /></div><div>In this article I analyse the story telling about the lived experiences of the circus’actors. I reflect about the drama lived by companies of theater-circus tradition and on the “family circus” idea, doing also an analysis of some plays presented by these studied companies. I try to understand a dynamics of transformation of the traditional drama of circus in comedy which. Besides the analysis of drama as text, I reflect about the scene presented in the theater-circus, observing the relationship between the clown and his audience. In the end, I discuss the methodology adopted to represent their lived experiences to the ethnographic research. </div></div>

Vittorio Cini (1885-1977) was one of the most voracious collectors of the Italian twentieth century. When he died, his collection, divided mainly between the rooms of the Monselice castle and the Venetian house in Campo San Vio, had passed through thousands of different objects from different periods. Weapons and ivories, miniatures, books, sculptures, but above all old paintings, only partially still preserved under the label of the Cini collection. Paintings almost always of the highest level, chosen with the guidance of the expert eye of connoisseurs – from Nino Barbantini to Federico Zeri – with whom the Count of Ferrara has maintained constant relations. Among these, to Bernard Berenson is always recognized a primary role, given the long years of acquaintance and friendship. But they never investigated properly the start dates and the dynamics of a relationship, first of all staff, which had the necessary and predictable effects on the orientation of the tastes of the collector and its buying and selling opportunities. This study offers an opening in this regard. The comparison between the materials preserved in the archive of Cini heirs, the Giorgio Cini Foundation and the Library of I Tatti, allowed to carry out an initial picture of the true extent and duration of a friendship never too disinterested and suspicious traits, but sincere, which linked Berenson to the entire Vittorio Cini family, and to illustrate with some concrete examples when and how the scholar could intervene with his always sought-after judgment on the purchases made for the collection.

La relevancia de las fuentes de información de internet en el proceso de formación de la imagen es cada vez más reconocida en la literatura. El propósito de esta investigación es analizar la influencia que tiene este medio sobre la imagen de marca ciudad, en comparación con las fuentes de comunicación tradicionales como televisión, prensa, folletos o ferias turísticas. El estudio se contextualiza en el caso de la ciudad española de Plasencia por medio de un análisis metodológico de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM), basado en una encuesta personal con apoyo en un cuestionario estructurado realizado a 471 turistas. Los resultados muestran una contribución desigual de los dos tipos de fuentes de información sobre la imagen del destino, donde la capacidad de los medios tradicionales para predecir la imagen del destino es mayor. Thus, among the conclusions reached, highlights the low contribution that institutional web pages have on the image definition of the city, as opposed to a greater role played by the recommendations of family and friends. En conclusión, estos resultados refuerzan la perspectiva de que la comunicación institucional puede ser importante, pero no es determinante para la imagen de la ciudad.

Echium candicans (Linn.) Herb. Banks (Pride of Madeira or Viper's Bugloss), family Boraginaceae, is a perennial shrub used in gardens for the ornamental quality of its deep blue inflorescences, especially in coastal areas near the Mediterranean Sea. Mosaic symptoms were observed in leaves of E. candicans in the Alpes Maritimes Department of southeastern France, St Jean Cap Ferrat in 1994, Menton in 2002, and Antibes in 2005. Symptoms exhibited in a range of inoculated plants including Nicotiana tabacum cvs. Xanthi and Samsun, Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Vigna unguiculata cv. Black, and Cucumis sativus cv. Poinsett were typical of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Occurrence of CMV in one sample from each of the three localities was confirmed by the observation of isometric particles (approximately 30 nm) with the electron microscope in crude sap preparations from the infected plants, positive reactions in double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA to polyclonal antibodies raised against CMV (1), and the nonpersistent transmission of the virus from infected Xanthi to virus-free Xanthi plants by Myzus persicae. In double-immunodiffusion analysis, the three isolates were shown to belong to the CMV subgroup II (1,2). To determine if CMV was responsible for the symptoms observed, the isolate from Antibes was multiplied in Xanthi plants after isolation from local lesions on V. unguiculata and mechanically inoculated to 3-year-old plants of E. candicans tested to be free from CMV before the mechanical inoculation. One month after inoculation, mild mosaic symptoms were observed in young leaves and CMV was detected by DAS-ELISA in 10 of 10 inoculated plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV in E. candicans. References: (1) J.-C. Devergne and L. Cardin. Ann. Phytopathol. 7:225, 1975. (2) M. J. Roossinck. J. Virol. 76:3382, 2002.

Objectives: To depict the process of screening, counseling and re-ferral patterns of structural heart disease in pregnancy cases by public health centre in Surabaya as preliminary data required for the groundwork of standard of care of pregnancy with heart di-sease.Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative research with in-depth interview to PJ KIA doctors selected by purposive sam-pling, the information is confirmed by the Head of Primary Service Management Unit of BPJS Surabaya branch, Family Health Unit staff of Surabaya Municipality Health Office and 8 patients with structural heart disease in pregnancy treated in RSUD Dr. SoetomoResults: The process of early pregnancy screening at the PHC is performed by midwives and GPs in accordance to the format provided by of the Surabaya Municipality Health Office which was not designed for structural heart disease screening in preg-nancy, history taking and special physical examination for scree-ning of heart disease only done if suspicion occurs. Medical and Child Health program overseer doctors have not agreed on which referral facility for pregnancy cases with suspicion of structural heart disease should be directed because there is no guiding regulation. Counseling of pregnant patients suspected of having structural heart disease is still limited to providing infor-mation that PHC are unable to make a diagnosis.Conclusion: The process of screening for structural heart disease during pregnancy has not been done routinely through anamnesis and physical examination. There is no standard guidance on the process of referral of pregnancy cases with suspicion of structural heart disease that can be performed by Mother and Child Health programs overseer doctors. Visits of women with structural heart disease to the PHC to obtain referral letter to secondary / tertiary health facilities and School Health Program programs have not been utilized for counseling on the effect of heart disease on reproductive health.

AbstractMuch has been written about the establishment of ghettos in Italy and some attention has been paid to social structures and cultural forms that emerged during the ghetto period, but there is a great deal more to be learned about how living in a ghetto affected the Jewish family, society and culture. The present study sheds light on the ghetto’s physical presence, specifically on the impact on religious life of the architecture and urban development of this uniquely Jewish space.Rabbinic responsa published in the Pahad Yitzhak, an encyclopedia of Jewish law published by Isaac Lampronti of Ferrara in the mid-eighteenth century, represent an eruption of anxiety, expressed in a flurry of intense literary activity, about the ostensible impossibility of escaping “tent pollution,” contracted by anyone present under the same roof as someone deceased. The pollution seemed inescapable because the architecture and urban layout seemed to allow for it to pass from building to building across the entire ghetto. The tent pollution material is thus an instance of the interplay of architecture, urban development and Jewish law.Tent pollution particularly exercised the Jews of early modern Italy. Jews living both before and after the age of the Italian ghetto evinced virtually no interest in the tent pollution problems posed by urban development. There is a smattering of writing on the subject from northern Europe and the Ottoman Empire, which only underscores that this was a particularly Italian problem.The present study spotlights this moment in early modern Jewish life, which stands out for the agitation it aroused among Italy’s Jews, and explores its implications for the social and cultural concerns of Jews in the early modern era. Lampronti’s encyclopedia affords us entrée, serving as a kind of seismograph to draw attention to areas which were the focus of heightened concern and activity in his historical setting.

Rhamnus alaternus L. (evergreen buckthorn), family Rhamnaceae, is a small, hardy shrub from Mediterranean regions grown for its ornamental persistent green or variegated foliage. Chlorotic oak leaf or ringspot symptoms on R. alaternus leaves have been observed in southern France (Bellegarde, Gard department in 1998; Fanjaux, Aude department in 2000; and Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat, Alpes-Maritimes department in 2002). Samples from these three localities revealed the presence of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) due to (i) the symptoms observed in an inoculated diagnostic host range previously described (1), (ii) observation of typical bullet-shaped virion particles of different sizes with transmission electron microscopy, (iii) nonpersistent transmission to Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc by Myzus persicae, and (iv) positive reaction in double-antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (DAS-ELISA) to antibodies raised against AMV (gift of G. Marchoux). In addition, in Fanjaux, Viburnum tinus L. plants located close to the infected R. alaternus plants were also infected by AMV and exhibited typical intense calico mosaics (3). The close species, R. frangula L., was previously identified as a natural host for AMV in Italy (2). Following isolation from local lesions on Vigna unguiculata, the Fanjaux isolate was grown in cv. Xanthi-nc plants, where it induced a severe mosaic and stunting of the plants, and inoculated to 2-year-old virus-free R. alaternus plants either mechanically or with M. persicae (10 plants each). Plants were subsequently kept in an insect-proof greenhouse. At 8 and 12 months postinoculation, only one aphid-inoculated plant showed symptoms on young leaves and was AMV-positive in DAS-ELISA, while no mechanically infected plants were infected. This low infection level together with the rare observation of symptoms in natural conditions suggest that R. alaternus is not frequently infected by AMV. References: (1) L. Cardin and B. Moury. Plant Dis. 84:594, 2000. (2) F. Marani and L. Giunchedi. Acta Hortic. 59:97, 1976. (3) N. Plese and D. Milicic. Phytopathol. Z. 72:219, 1971.

A review of genus-group names for darkling beetles in the family Tenebrionidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) is presented. A catalogue of 4122 nomenclaturally available genus-group names, representing 2307 valid genera (33 of which are extinct) and 761 valid subgenera, is given. For each name the author, date, page number, gender, type species, type fixation, current status, and first synonymy (when the name is a synonym) are provided. Genus-group names in this family are also recorded in a classification framework, along with data on the distribution of valid genera and subgenera within major biogeographical realms. A list of 535 unavailable genus-group names (e.g., incorrect subsequent spellings) is included. Notes on the date of publication of references cited herein are given, when known. The following genera and subgenera are made available for the first time: Anemiadena Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Cheirodes Gené, 1839), Armigena Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Nesogena Mäklin, 1863), Debeauxiella Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Hyperops Eschscholtz, 1831), Hyperopsis Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Hyperops Eschscholtz, 1831), Linio Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Nilio Latreille, 1802), Matthewsotys Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, gen. nov., Neosolenopistoma Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Eurynotus W. Kirby, 1819), Paragena Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Nesogena Mäklin, 1863), Paulianaria Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, gen. nov., Phyllechus Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, gen. nov., Prorhytinota Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Rhytinota Eschscholtz, 1831), Pseudorozonia Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Rozonia Fairmaire, 1888), Pseudothinobatis Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, gen. nov., Rhytinopsis Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Thalpophilodes Strand, 1942), Rhytistena Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Rhytinota Eschscholtz, 1831), Spinosdara Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Osdara Walker, 1858), Spongesmia Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Adesmia Fischer, 1822), and Zambesmia Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, subgen. nov. (in Adesmia Fischer, 1822). The names Adeps Gistel, 1857 and Adepsion Strand, 1917 syn. nov. [= Tetraphyllus Laporte &amp; Brullé, 1831], Asyrmatus Canzoneri, 1959 syn. nov. [= Pystelops Gozis, 1910], Euzadenos Koch, 1956 syn. nov. [= Selenepistoma Dejean, 1834], Gondwanodilamus Kaszab, 1969 syn. nov. [= Conibius J.L. LeConte, 1851], Gyrinodes Fauvel, 1897 syn. nov. [= Nesotes Allard, 1876], Helopondrus Reitter, 1922 syn. nov. [= Horistelops Gozis, 1910], Hybonotus Dejean, 1834 syn. nov. [= Damatris Laporte, 1840], Iphthimera Reitter, 1916 syn. nov. [= Metriopus Solier, 1835], Lagriomima Pic, 1950 syn. nov. [= Neogria Borchmann, 1911], Orphelops Gozis, 1910 syn. nov. [= Nalassus Mulsant, 1854], Phymatium Billberg, 1820 syn. nov. [= Cryptochile Latreille, 1828], Prosoblapsia Skopin &amp; Kaszab, 1978 syn. nov. [= Genoblaps Bauer, 1921], and Pseudopimelia Gebler, 1859 syn. nov. [= Lasiostola Dejean, 1834] are established as new synonyms (valid names in square brackets). Anachayus Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Chatanayus Ardoin, 1957, Genateropa Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, nom. nov. as a replacement name for Apterogena Ardoin, 1962, Hemipristula Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, nom. nov. as a replacement name for Hemipristis Kolbe, 1903, Kochotella Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, nom. nov. as a replacement name for Millotella Koch, 1962, Medvedevoblaps Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, nom. nov. as a replacement name for Protoblaps G.S. Medvedev, 1998, and Subpterocoma Bouchard &amp; Bousquet, nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Pseudopimelia Motschulsky, 1860. Neoeutrapela Bousquet &amp; Bouchard, 2013 is downgraded to a subgenus (stat. nov.) of Impressosora Pic, 1952. Anchomma J.L. LeConte, 1858 is placed in Stenosini: Dichillina (previously in Pimeliinae: Anepsiini); Entypodera Gerstaecker, 1871, Impressosora Pic, 1952 and Xanthalia Fairmaire, 1894 are placed in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina (previously in Lagriinae: Lagriini: Lagriina); Loxostethus Triplehorn, 1962 is placed in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina (previously in Diaperinae: Diaperini: Adelinina); Periphanodes Gebien, 1943 is placed in Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini (previously in Tenebrioninae: Helopini); Zadenos Laporte, 1840 is downgraded to a subgenus (stat. nov.) of the older name Selenepistoma Dejean, 1834. The type species [placed in square brackets] of the following available genus-group names are designated for the first time: Allostrongylium Kolbe, 1896 [Allostrongylium silvestre Kolbe, 1896], Auristira Borchmann, 1916 [Auristira octocostata Borchmann, 1916], Blapidocampsia Pic, 1919 [Campsia pallidipes Pic, 1918], Cerostena Solier, 1836 [Cerostena deplanata Solier, 1836], Coracostira Fairmaire, 1899 [Coracostira armipes Fairmaire, 1899], Dischidus Kolbe, 1886 [Helops sinuatus Fabricius, 1801], Eccoptostoma Gebien, 1913 [Taraxides ruficrus Fairmaire, 1894], Ellaemus Pascoe, 1866 [Emcephalus submaculatus Brême, 1842], Epeurycaulus Kolbe, 1902 [Epeurycaulus aldabricus Kolbe, 1902], Euschatia Solier, 1851 [Euschatia proxima Solier, 1851], Heliocaes Bedel, 1906 [Blaps emarginata Fabricius, 1792], Hemipristis Kolbe, 1903 [Hemipristis ukamia Kolbe, 1903], Iphthimera Reitter, 1916 [Stenocara ruficornis Solier, 1835], Isopedus Stein, 1877 [Helops tenebrioides Germar, 1813], Malacova Fairmaire, 1898 [Malacova bicolor Fairmaire, 1898], Modicodisema Pic, 1917 [Disema subopaca Pic, 1912], Peltadesmia Kuntzen, 1916 [Metriopus platynotus Gerstaecker, 1854], Phymatium Billberg, 1820 [Pimelia maculata Fabricius, 1781], Podoces Péringuey, 1886 [Podoces granosula Péringuey, 1886], Pseuduroplatopsis Pic, 1913 [Borchmannia javana Pic, 1913], Pteraulus Solier, 1848 [Pteraulus sulcatipennis Solier, 1848], Sciaca Solier, 1835 [Hylithus disctinctus Solier, 1835], Sterces Champion, 1891 [Sterces violaceipennis Champion, 1891] and Teremenes Carter, 1914 [Tenebrio longipennis Hope, 1843]. Evidence suggests that some type species were misidentified. In these instances, information on the misidentification is provided and, in the following cases, the taxonomic species actually involved is fixed as the type species [placed in square brackets] following requirements in Article 70.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature: Accanthopus Dejean, 1821 [Tenebrio velikensis Piller &amp; Mitterpacher, 1783], Becvaramarygmus Masumoto, 1999 [Dietysus nodicornis Gravely, 1915], Heterophaga Dejean, 1834 [Opatrum laevigatum Fabricius, 1781], Laena Dejean, 1821, [Scaurus viennensis Sturm, 1807], Margus Dejean, 1834 [Colydium castaneum Herbst, 1797], Pachycera Eschscholtz, 1831 [Tenebrio buprestoides Fabricius, 1781], Saragus Erichson, 1842 [Celibe costata Solier, 1848], Stene Stephens, 1829 [Colydium castaneum Herbst, 1797], Stenosis Herbst, 1799 [Tagenia intermedia Solier, 1838] and Tentyriopsis Gebien, 1928 [Tentyriopsis pertyi Gebien, 1940]. The following First Reviser actions are proposed to fix the precedence of names or nomenclatural acts (rejected name or act in square brackets): Stenosis ciliaris Gebien, 1920 as the type species for Afronosis G.S. Medvedev, 1995 [Stenosis leontjevi G.S. Medvedev, 1995], Alienoplonyx Bremer, 2019 [Alienolonyx], Amblypteraca Mas-Peinado, Buckley, Ruiz &amp; García-París, 2018 [Amplypteraca], Caenocrypticoides Kaszab, 1969 [Caenocripticoides], Deriles Motschulsky, 1872 [Derilis], Eccoptostira Borchmann, 1936 [Ecoptostira], †Eodromus Haupt, 1950 [†Edromus], Eutelus Solier, 1843 [Lutelus], Euthriptera Reitter, 1893 [Enthriptera], Meglyphus Motschulsky, 1872 [Megliphus], Microtelopsis Koch, 1940 [Extetranosis Koch, 1940, Hypermicrotelopsis Koch, 1940], Neandrosus Pic, 1921 [Neoandrosus], Nodosogylium Pic, 1951 [Nodosogilium], Notiolesthus Motschulsky, 1872 [Notiolosthus], Pseudeucyrtus Pic, 1916 [Pseudocyrtus], Pseudotrichoplatyscelis Kaszab, 1960 [Pseudotrichoplatynoscelis and Pseudotrichoplatycelis], Rhydimorpha Koch, 1943 [Rhytimorpha], Rhophobas Motschulsky, 1872 [Rophobas], Rhyssochiton Gray, 1831 [Ryssocheton and Ryssochiton], Sphaerotidius Kaszab, 1941 [Spaerotidius], Stira Agassiz, 1846 (Mollusca) [Stira Agassiz, 1846 (Coleoptera)], Sulpiusoma Ferrer, 2006 [Sulpiosoma] and Taenobates Motschulsky, 1872 [Taeniobates]. Supporting evidence is provided for the conservation of usage of Cyphaleus Westwood, 1841 nomen protectum over Chrysobalus Boisduval, 1835 nomen oblitum.

In the first throes of madness Seneca's Hercules declares, ‘I shall be borne aloft to the world's high spaces’ (in alta mundi spatia sublimis ferar, HF 958). To Amphitryon these are the unspeakable thoughts of a mind that is hardly sane, but nevertheless great (pectoris sani parum, / magni tamen, 974f.). For Gilbert Lawall, writing the first essay in the 1983 collection of Ramus essays on Senecan tragedy, the fundamental question of the play is the moral quality of its hero, who in his madness becomes a ‘caricature of his real self’. John Fitch, writing just a few years later, argued for a continuity of characterization between the hero of the labours and the murderer of his family. My own essay is concerned less with the morality of Hercules’ character and actions than with the poetics of sublime aspiration and the imagery of grand literary endeavour. Seneca's conception of sublime poetry, as embodied in the figure of tragic Hercules, I discuss through his reception of Lucretius, Virgil, and Horace. The ambivalence Fitch and others have observed in this tragedy of Herculean overreaching I interpret first in the light of a plurality of literary models of transgressive poetics. Juno and the chorus both see violence and danger in the figure of Hercules, but yet do not see the same figure. This difference is located to some degree in the different genres and particular texts which define their perspectives. The Hercules who makes war on the heavens and commits the drama's primary action is very much the creation of Juno and the tragic energies of famous programmatic passages of Aeneid 1 and 7. Lyric offers an alternative conception of sky-towering fame. In the latter part of the article I consider the Lucretian paradigm of heroic rebellion against tradition and Hercules’ failure to break the pattern of Junonian madness. Finally I reflect on the tensions of the Georgics—ars and labor holding ingenium and furor in fragile balance—and see them overwhelmed in the civil war which Hercules Furens, a more powerful Orpheus, wages with himself.

<p><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="ES-TRAD">Gamitana, paco y boquichico son peces nativos del orden de los Caraciformes muy populares y de alta demanda en la dieta del poblador amazónico. Los acuicultores loretanos y especialmente el Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), han intensificado sus esfuerzos en la reproducción de dichas especies mediante técnicas de tratamiento hormonal con extracto de pituitaria de carpa (EPC) desde la década de los 1980s y Conceptal desde los 1990s. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar los niveles de eficiencia logrados en la reproducción de peces vía inducción hormonal en el Centro de Investigaciones Fernando Alcántara Bocanegra (CIFAB) del IIAP, utilizando inductores diferenciados para cada especie a fin de validar los protocolos empleados. Cuatro gamitanas hembra <em>Colossoma macropomum</em> fueron tratadas con EPC en dosis de 6 mg/kg, mientras que cuatro machos fueron tratados con Conceptal en dosis de 1 ml/kg logrando inducir la ovulación y desove del 100 % de hembras. Trece pacos hembra <em>Piaractus brachypomus</em> fueron tratados con Conceptal en dosis de 2.6 ml/kg y once machos con dosis de 1 ml/kg, logrando inducir la ovulación y desove del 85 % de hembras. De otro lado, cuatro boquichicos <em>Prochilodus nigricans </em>hembra y cinco machos fueron tratados con Conceptal, con dosis similares a las utilizadas en paco, sin inducir la ovulación y desove. Se cuenta con un buen nivel de eficiencia en gamitana y paco, pero se requiere de la revisión del protocolo de selección de boquichico para el tratamiento hormonal.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="ES-TRAD">Alcántara, F. (1985) <em>Reproducción inducida de gamitana Colossoma macropomum</em> (Cuvier, 1818) en el Perú. Tesis para optar el Grado de Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. Trujillo. Perú.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="ES-TRAD">Alcántara, F. y Guerra, H. (1986)</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> Avances en el cultivo de gamitana, Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818, en el Laboratorio de Iquitos del IMARPE</span><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="ES-TRAD">. <em>Revista Latinoamericana de Acuicultura</em>, 27, 27-29. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="PT">Alcántara, F. y Guerra, H. (1988) </span><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="ES-TRAD">Avances en la producción de alevinos de gamitana <em>C. macropomum</em>, y paco <em>C. brachypomus</em>, por reproducción inducida. <em>Folia Amazónica</em>, 1 (1), 1-12.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: PT; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="PT">Alcántara, F., Guerra, H. Sánchez, H. y Ávalos, S. (1992) </span><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="ES-TRAD">Hibridación de paco Piaractus brachypomus por gamitana Colossoma macropomum en Iquitos. Perú. <em>Folia Amazónica</em>, 4 (1), 107-114.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="ES-TRAD">Alcántara, B. F. y Murrieta, M. G. (2009) Informe de monitoreo de la reproducción inducida de gamitana en el CI. Quistococha del IIAP. Proyecto Cátedra CONCYTEC en Acuicultura. IIAP. UNAP. GOREL. CONCYTEC. 18 p.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="ES-TRAD">Andrade, E.S., Carvalho, A.F.S., Ferreira, Paula, M.R.F.G., Rodrigues, F.S., Felizardo, V.O., Reis Neto, R.V. y Murgas, L.D.S. (2014) Indutores hormonais na reprodução artificial de curimba (Prochilodus lineatus) Inducing hormone in artific</span><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES;">ial reproduction curimba (Prochilodus lineatus). <em>Revista Brasileira de Reproduϛão Animal</em>, 38 (4), 230-236 </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="ES-TRAD">Arias-Gallo, M., Jiménez-Segura, L.F. y Dorado, M.P. (2010) Desarrollo larval de Prochilodus magdalenae (Steindachner, 1879) (Pisces: Prochilodontidae), </span><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Río Magdalena, Colombia</span><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="ES-TRAD">. <em>Actualidades Biológicas</em>, 32 (93), 199-208.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="ES-TRAD">Ascón, G.D. (1992) Reproducción inducida de “boquichico” <em>Prochilodus nigricans</em> con GnRH (a) en San Martin-Perú. <em>Folia Amazónica</em>, 4 (2), 109-116.</span></p><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="ES-TRAD"><br clear="all" /> </span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="ES-TRAD">Atencio, G. V., Kerguelén, D. E. y Naar, E. (2013) Desempeño reproductivo del bocachico Prochilodus magdalenae inducido dos veces en un mismo año. </span><em><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="EN-GB">Revista MVZ Córdoba</span></em><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="EN-GB">, 18 (1), 3304-3310.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="EN-US">Bobe, J. y Labbé, C. (2010) Egg and sperm quality in fish. </span><em><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES;">General and Comparative Endocrinology</span></em><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES;">, 165 (3), 535-548.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Bottaa, P., Sciaraa, A., Arranza, S., Murgasb, L.D.S., Pereirab, G.J.M. y Oberlenderb, G. (2010) Estudio del desarrollo embrionario del sábalo (<em>Prochilodus lineatus</em>). <em>Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria</em>, 42, 109-114</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="ES-TRAD">Chu-Koo, F.W. y Alcántara, F. (2007) De la selva su acuicultura. Sobre los avances en acuicultura en la Amazonía Peruana y las oportunidades de inversión. <em>Perú Económico</em>, 30 (1), 11-12.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="ES-TRAD">Da Costa, R.B., Sales, R.O., Maggioni, R. y Farias, J.O. (2012) </span><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES;">Estudo preliminar na indução reprodutiva da curimatã comum (<em>Prochilodus cearaensis</em> Steindachner, 1911). <em>Revista Brasileira de Higiene e Sanidade Animal</em>, 6(2):77 – 91.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ES;" lang="ES-TRAD">Hernández, A., Muñoz, D., Ferraz de Lima, J., Fex, R., De Fex, R. y Vásquez, W. 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(2001) Reproducción inducida de la doncella <em>Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum</em> y desarrollo embrionario larval. Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana. <em>Folia Amazónica</em>, 12 (1-2), 141 – 154. </span></p><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="ES-TRAD">Sánchez, S., González, A., Ortiz, J. y Roux, J. (2005) Utilización de hipófisis de diferentes peces autóctonos y extracto hipofisario de carpa en la reproducción artificial de pacú Piaractus mesopotamicus. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Comunicaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas. Corrientes. Argentina. 3pp.</span>

Teucrium fruticans (shrubby germander), family Lamiaceae, is a hardy shrub. Being drought tolerant, it is widespread in the Mediterranean area. Because it is readily propagated through cuttings, it is also planted in hedges. In 1997 and 2000, respectively, yellow chlorotic areas were observed on the foliage of T. fruticans in Saint Jean Cap Ferrat (France) and San Remo (Italy). These symptoms were distinct from those produced by a rust that frequently affects T. fruticans in these areas. Viruses from both locations were identified as Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) based on the following: (i) symptoms after mechanical inoculation of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi nc, N. tabacum cv. Samsum, Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Vigna unguiculata cv. Black, and Cucumis sativus cv. Poinsett; (ii) the morphology of particles observed in electron microscopy of uranyl acetate stained leaf dips from tobacco; and (iii) positive result from leaves of diseased T. fruticans and mechanically inoculated host plants cited above based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using CMV antisera. On tobacco cv. Xanthi nc, the French (F) and Italian (I) isolates first induced essentially necrotic rings on the inoculated leaves followed by the same systemic symptoms as described above. The two isolates were cloned from local lesions after two successive inoculations in V. unguiculata cv. Black, multiplied in tobacco, purified with the citrate-chloroform method, and stabilized with formaldehyde (1). The serotype determination was made by double immunodiffusion in agar gel with the CMV-D and CMV-To strains and homologous antisera (1,2). The formation of spurs and antigen-antibody lines indicated that both isolates belonged to the ToRS serotype (1). Thirty plants of T. fruticans cv. Azureum, first tested negative for CMV using ELISA, were mechanically inoculated with the F isolate (25 plants) and the CMV-D strain (five plants) and cultivated in a hydroponic system. Three months later, plants inoculated with the F isolate were positive for CMV using ELISA and displayed clear symptoms with chlorotic spots, which were sometimes ring-shaped. As plants mature, symptoms tend to disappear on young shoots. For the CMV-D strain, three plants of five were ELISA positive, but did not show any typical symptoms. This report demonstrates the infection of T. fruticans by CMV and the symptom induction by some CMV isolates. In September 2002, two CMV isolates were collected from T. fruticans in public gardens in Menton (France) and Genoa (Italy). These new isolates have the same characteristics as those described in this report. References: (1) J. C. Devergne and L. Cardin. Ann. Phytopathol. 7:225, 1975. (2) M. H. V. van Regenmortel. Adv. Virus Res. 12:207, 1966.

Duboisia sp. is a small tree belonging to the family Solanaceae originating from the rainforest areas of the eastern coast of Australia. Dried leaves are used for the extraction of pharmaceutical alkaloids, making this a commercially viable crop. The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita has been reported parasitizing Duboisia myoporoides (5); however, no information of other root-knot nematode species associated with this plant was found. Duboisia sp. is cultivated at Solana Farm, near Arapongas (23°25′08″ S, 51°25′26″ W), Paraná State, Brazil. During the renovation of a production field in this municipality, galled roots were observed on plants and samples were submitted to the Nematology Laboratory at Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, IAPAR, on December 2013. Plants did not exhibit any above-ground symptoms. The specimens were identified through perineal patterns and esterase phenotypes of 20 adult females extracted from dissected roots (2,3) and morphometrics of 10 second-stage juveniles extracted from roots using the blender-sieving method (1). Morphological characteristics were consistent with those described for M. javanica (4). Females had rounded perineal patterns with low, trapezoid shape dorsal arch, striae smooth interrupted by a pair of incisures on both sides, corresponding to lateral fields, clearly demarcated from striae by more or less parallel lines, tail whorl often distinct (4). The juvenile mean body length was 459.9 ± 28.7 μm and tail length averaged 51.6 ± 5.1 μm, with 10 to 16 μm long hyaline region and finely rounded tail tip (4). Results from the esterase electrophoresis were typical of M. javanica (2) with the J3 (Rm = 1.0, 1.3, and 1.4) phenotype being obtained. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. javanica on Duboisia sp. in Brazil. This finding has great importance for Brazilian production since this nematode may damage plants, reduce yields, and control of this nematode on Duboisia sp. is difficult (5). Additional work is necessary in order to elucidate the losses caused by M. javanica on Duboisia sp. References: (1) J. I. Bonetti and S. Ferraz. Fitopatol. Bras. 6:533, 1981. (2) P. R. Esbenshade and A. C. Triantaphyllou. J. Nematol. 22:10, 1990. (3) K. M. Hartman and J. N. Sasser. Page 115 in: An Advanced Treatise on Meloidogyne. Volume II Methodology. K. R. Barker et al., eds. North Carolina State University Graphics, Raleigh, 1985. (4) D. J. Hunt and Z. A. Handoo. Page 55 in: Root-Knot Nematodes. R. N. Perry et al., eds. CABI International, Wallingford, UK, 2010. (5) A. M. Mello et al. Nematol. Bras. 22(2):12, 1998.

Samples of the medicinal plant, Bupleurum chinense DC., were collected in October 2007 from the garden of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development in Beijing. Partial fragments of the genomic RNA1 and RNA2 of Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV-2) were obtained from the root cDNA library of these plants. Sequence analyses showed the 1,896-nt RNA1 fragment (GenBank No. FJ485684) encoding a portion of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and the 2,017-nt RNA2 fragment (No. FJ485685) encoding 612 amino acids of the complete large (LCP) and small coat protein (SCP), respectively. The amino acid identities of LCP and SCP were 90.8 to 96.7% compared with sequences of other BBWV-2 isolates deposited in the GenBank with the highest homology to Japanese IP (No. AB018698) and the lowest to Japanese 1-2 (No. AB018701). This strongly suggests that the B. chinense plants utilized for cDNA library construction were infected by what appears to be an isolate of BBWV-2. Seeds from the same batch were sown again in the same garden in May 2008. In August 2008, approximately 30% of these plants showed mosaic, distortion, and stunting. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR amplicons were obtained from eight symptomatic plants using a pair of conserved primers for specific detection of viruses within the Fabavirus genus (2). A symptomless plant tested negative by RT-PCR. The same single 391-bp amplicon of RNA1 (No. FJ485686) obtained from five of those eight symptomatic plants were cloned and sequenced. Sequence comparison with the corresponding sequences of other BBWV-2 isolates showed that the sequenced isolate was most closely related to B935-a Chinese faba bean isolate (No. AF149425). Crude sap of one diseased B. chinense plant was used for mechanical inoculation to Chenopodium amaranticolor Coste & Reyn. Chlorotic local lesions were observed on inoculated leaves 5 days after inoculation, and subsequently, systemic mottle and malformed symptoms appeared on the upper leaves. Twelve plants were inoculated and all plants showed symptoms of virus infection. RT-PCR tests of inoculated indicator plants showing local lesions confirmed the presence of BBWV-2. To date, Clover yellow vein virus and Lettuce mosaic virus have been isolated from the genus Bupleurum (B. griffithii hort. and B. falcatum L. sensu lato) in Japan and Israel, respectively (1,3). Furthermore, to our knowledge, no genomic sequence of BBWV-2 naturally infecting plants in the family Umbelliferae/Apiaceae has been reported. Therefore, this is the first report of BBWV-2 on B. chinense (Umbelliferae/Apiaceae), which was designated as a BC isolate of BBWV-2. In China, BBWV-2 was reported to be infecting and causing heavy losses to many plant species mostly belonging to the family Leguminosae (4). B. chinense is a commonly used bulk medicinal plant mainly cultivated in Hebei, Sichuan, Gansu, and Shanxi provinces in China for decoction pieces and extracts of its dried roots, which are also exported to Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia. These results demonstrate the need for further assessment of BBWV-2 incidence and the losses it may cause. References: (1) J. Cohen et al. Phytoparasitica 30:88, 2002. (2) R. M. Ferrer et al. J. Virol. Methods 144:156, 2007. (3) H. Yamamoto. Jpn. J. Phytopathol. 69:420, 2003. (4) X. P. Zhou et al. Acta Phytopathol. Sin. 26:347, 1996.

THE IMPORTANCE OF FARMERS WOMEN IN STRENGTHENING FOOD SAFETY IN RURAL SETTLEMENT OF CÓRREGO RICO, STATE OF SÃO PAULOLA IMPORTANCIA DE LAS MUJERES AGRICULTORES EN EL FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA EN UN ASENTAMIENTO RURAL DE CÓRREGO RICO, ESTADO DE SÃO PAULORESUMOObjetivou-se com esta pesquisa analisar a gestão feminina do autoconsumo, no contexto da Agricultura Familiar do Assentamento Rural Terra Rica, no distrito de Córrego Rico, estado de São Paulo, identificando, assim, se as famílias destas agricultoras tiveram acesso à Segurança Alimentar. Além disso, buscou-se verificar se a experiência destas agricultoras na gestão do autoconsumo, na produção dos alimentos consumidos por suas famílias, fortaleceu a prática da Agricultura Familiar. Por possuírem papel de liderança na comunidade, optou-se por entrevistar 12 agricultoras, a fim de que a sua atuação na prática da Agricultura Familiar fosse identificada. A análise das entrevistas foi complementada com registros de observações de pesquisa obtidos ao longo da participação das agricultoras em reuniões no assentamento estudado, em cursos de capacitação e em feiras agroecológicas. Estas agricultoras foram responsáveis pela gestão da produção de uma variedade de alimentos, como hortaliças, verduras, legumes, frutas, cereais, carnes, ovos, leite, queijos, doces e sucos naturais. Segundo 93% das entrevistadas, a produção destes alimentos consumidos pelas suas famílias contribuiu para a aquisição de outros gêneros alimentícios com a renda economizada neste tipo de produção. Também, 100% das agricultoras consideram que o autoconsumo possibilitou o acesso a alimentos que fortaleceram a alimentação em quantidade e qualidade nutricionais adequadas. Portanto, foi possível constatar que as mulheres são protagonistas na geração da Segurança Alimentar na prática do autoconsumo dado na Agricultura Familiar no Assentamento em Córrego Rico – São Paulo.Palavras-chave: Agricultura Familiar; Autoconsumo; Segurança Alimentar; Mulheres.ABSTRACTThe objective of this research was to analyze the female management of self-consumption, in the context of Family Farming of the Rural Settlement of Córrego Rico, state of São Paulo, thus identifying if the families of these farmers had access to Food Security. In addition, we sought to verify whether the experience of these farmers in managing self-consumption, in the production of food consumed by their families, strengthened the practice of Family Farming. As they have a leading role in the community, it was decided to interview 12 farmers, so that their role in Family Farming practice could be identified. The analysis of the interviews was complemented by records of research observations obtained during the participation of the farmers in meetings in the settlement studied, in training courses and in agroecological fairs. These farmers were responsible for managing the production of a variety of foods such as vegetables, legumes, fruits, cereals, meats, eggs, milk, cheeses, sweets and natural juices. According to 93% of respondents, the production of these foods consumed by their families contributed to the acquisition of other foodstuffs with the income saved in this type of production. Also, 100% of the farmers consider that the self-consumption allowed the access to foods that strengthened the food in adequate nutritional quantity and quality. Therefore, it was found that women are protagonists in the generation of Food Security in the practice of self-consumption given in Family Farming in the Settlement of the Córrego Rico - São Paulo.Keywords: Family Farming; Self-Consumption; Food Safety; Women.RESUMENEl objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el manejo femenino del autoconsumo, en el contexto de la Agricultura Familiar del Asentamiento Rural del Córrego Rico, estado de São Paulo, identificando así si lasfamilias de estos agricultores tenían acceso a la Seguridad Alimentaria. Además, buscamos verificar si la experiencia de estos agricultores en la gestión del autoconsumo, en la producción de alimentos consumidos por sus familias, fortaleció la práctica de la agricultura familiar. Como tienen un papel de liderazgo en la comunidad, se decidió entrevistar a 12 agricultores, para poder identificar su papel en la práctica de la agricultura familiar. El análisis de las entrevistas se complementócon registros de observaciones de investigación obtenidas durante la participación de los agricultores en las reuniones del asentamiento estudiado, en cursos de capacitación y en ferias agroecológicas. Estos agricultores fueron responsables de administrar la producción de una variedad de alimentos como verduras, legumbres, frutas, cereales, carnes, huevos, leche, quesos, dulces y jugos naturales. Según el 93% de los encuestados, la producción de estos alimentos consumidos por sus familias contribuyó a la adquisición de otros alimentos con los ingresos ahorrados en este tipo de producción. Además, el 100% de los agricultores consideran que el autoconsumo permitió el acceso a alimentos que fortalecieron los alimentos en cantidad y calidad nutricional adecuada. Por lo tanto, se descubrió que las mujeres son protagonistas en la generación de Seguridad Alimentaria en la práctica del autoconsumo que se da en la Agricultura Familiar en el Asentamiento del Córrego Rico - São Paulo.Palabras clave: Agricultura Familiar; Autoconsumo; Seguridad Alimentaria; Mujeres.

Since the end of the 20th century, economists have been attracted to the study of the economics of happiness (e.g., Singh, & Alexandrova, 2020; Crespo & Mesurado, 2015; Ferrer-i-Carbonell,2013). The use of the term happiness characterizes an essential volume of this bibliographical production as a synonym for the words satisfaction, well-being, or quality of life (Teixeira&Vasque, 2020; Carlquist et al., 2017). Under this umbrella, the culture of happiness management teaches us that a management model or direction oriented to the holistic search for happiness or job satisfaction of its employees is one of the essential axial pieces that organizations have to increase the commitment of their human capital, and therefore, their productivity and business performance (Ravina et al., 2019). Public administration employees are not exempt from this reality, a group that is characterized by job stability compared to private company employees. This article is dedicated to them. The era of Industry 4.0 is a period that is characterized, among other things, by the high precariousness of labor that is originated by the implementation of management models in advanced economies. This phenomenon is derived from the technological point of view by the automation and massive robotization of production processes and the supply chain. Together with the digitalization of companies, both factors are very present in the ecosystems of the Covid-19, and have come, perhaps, to stay in the future (Bragazzi, 2020; Ghadge et al., 2020). In line with the above, a more holistic examination of this issue seems likely to show that there is a keen interest among people to enter into Work mostly in public administrations, in search of a permanent contract for their entire working life. As is known, this is especially true in countries with high unemployment levels, such as Spain. Its unemployment rate is 20.1% in mid-2020. In the collective imagination of these individuals, there is the conviction that this type of Work constitutes ambrosia of eudaimonic happiness, job security, and quality of life, especially at present, in times of the Covid-19 pandemic (Fernández-Urbano, & Kulic, 2020). In this sense, it should be noted that in the last decades of the 21st century, there has been a growing interest in researching public employees' job satisfaction (e.g., Ryu&Bae, 2020; Steijn &Van der Voet, 2019; Luechinge et al., 2010). Most of the studies carried out on this scientific topic to date show empirically that public sector workers are happier than individuals in the private sphere. It's basically due to the intrinsic benefits (flexibility, vacation, or family reconciliation, among others) that this type of government entity offers concerning for-profit organizations (e.g., Lahat&Ofek, 2020; Sánchez-Sánchez, & Puente, 2020; Danzer,2019). In this context, this article aims to examine, as a priority in the era of Industry 4.0, whether there are observed differences in the levels of congratulations between human capital working in the private sector and that working in the public sector in Spain, by analyzing a set of variables that define positions: hours, salary, stability, promotion, and stress. Finally, we must indicate, on the one hand, that the choice of this spatial framework is motivated by the scarce literature investigating the happiness of Spanish public employees in an economy with high levels of youth unemployment (Núñez-Barriopedro et al., 2020). On the other hand, the results achieved in this study may be useful in the future for the implementation of public policies aimed at significantly promoting the welfare of working citizens through the happiness management approach (Ravina-Ripoll et al., 2019), or for taking this management concept to private companies to increase the motivation of their employees (Foncubierta-Rodríguez & Sánchez-Montero, 2019). Keywords: Happiness, human resources, Industry 4.0, public sector.

Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are known to be heterogeneous, but it is unclear whether, or how, different bone marrow (BM) microenvironments can imprint distinct HSC states. In the BM, quiescent HSCs have been found enriched in endosteal niches, whereas activated HSCs traffic in and out the BM through sinusoids localized further from bone. However, how these separate niches are integrally regulated to maintain BM homeostasis remains largely unknown. We have shown previously that sympathetic adrenergic nerve terminals innervating nestin+ mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) regulate HSC egress from BM to circulation (Méndez-Ferrer S et al, Nature 2008 and 2010). This regulatory network is required to control HSC proliferation and migration, since its damage caused by mutated HSCs can lead to the manifestation of diseases such as myeloproliferative neoplasms and its protection can block the progression of these disorders (Arranz L et al, Nature 2014). Here we aimed to study the possible cooperation of both branches of the autonomic nervous system, the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous systems, which have antagonistic actions in other systems, in HSC regulation in endosteal and sinusoidal niches. We describe for the first time different cholinergic neural signals derived from both autonomic branches that regulate spatially and temporally distinct BM HSC niches. We used mice deficient in cholinergic nerve fibers (secreting acethylcholine, the main postsynaptic neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system), due to the lack of the neurturin receptor Gfrα2, a member of the glial-cell-derived family of neurotrophic factors (Rossi J et al. Neuron 1999). We found that Gfrα2-/- mice exhibited a circadian-specific defect in HSC traffic. Parasympathetic deficiency caused exacerbated sympathetic tone, manifested by ~2-fold increased BM sympathetic adrenergic fibers and nocturnal urine norepinephrine. Circulating HSCs, measured by long-term competitive repopulating assays, were 3-fold higher in Gfrα2-/- mice only during the resting period, and this was rescued by deletion of the β3-adrenergic-receptor. Therefore, systemic parasympathetic cholinergic signals antagonize BM sympathetic adrenergic activity during the resting phase, contributing to β3-adrenergic-receptor-orchestrated circadian HSC traffic through sinusoidal niches. On the other hand, sympathetic cholinergic nerve fibers, described here for the first time in the BM and running along Haversian canals of bone, regulate HSC maintenance and quiescence in endosteal niches. In neonatal mice, we found that some endosteal sympathetic nerve fibers, sensitive to chemical sympathectomy by 6-hydroxydopamine, switch from catecholaminergic to cholinergic fate and help direct developmental HSC migration to BM. This migration, dependent in perinatal life on Cxcl12 produced by BM nestin+ MSCs (Isern et al, eLife 2014), was impaired in Gfrα2-/- mice, which exhibited one week after birth a reversible ~40% reduction in BM HSCs, associated with the lack of BM sympathetic cholinergic fibers. In adult mice, these sympathetic cholinergic fibers activate nicotinic receptors and induce Cxcl12 expression in bone-associated nestin+ MSCs, an effect reproduced in vitro with the MS-5 stromal cell line. Cxcl12 expression was 2.5-fold higher in Nes-GFP+ cells associated with the bone, compared with those that were not, and was 4-fold lower in Gfrα2-/- Nes-GFP+ cells localized only in the endosteal BM. Concomitantly, Gfrα2-/- mice exhibited reduced allocation of quiescent HSPCs in the endosteal BM, compared with control mice, in which the HSPC fraction in the G0 cell cycle phase was 2-fold higher in the endosteal than in non-endosteal BM. Moreover, HSCs from Gfrα2-/- mice showed increased proliferation, even 6 months after transplantation into secondary wild-type recipients. As a result, Gfrα2-/- mice exhibit accelerated hematopoietic recovery after myeloablation, a phenotype mimicked by mice deficient in the α7-nicotinic receptor. Increased HSC proliferation was associated with loss of self-renewal, since bone-associated HSCs from Gfrα2-/- mice exhibited 50% reduced reconstituting capacity and myeloid potential 24 weeks after competitive transplantation into wild-type recipients. Thus, both branches of the autonomic nervous system regulate HSC maintenance and function in temporally and spatially separate niches. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.