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1
Villen, Rafael Almud, Walter Borzani und Antonio Sacco Netto. „Influence of the accumulation of phosphate and magnesium ions in the yeast cells on the ethanol productivity in batch ethanol fermentation“. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, Nr. 1 (Februar 2009): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000100020.
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The accumulation of phosphate and magnesium in the yeast cells is not necessary to assure the ethanol productivity of batch ethanol fermentations. To avoid the decrease of the ethanol productivity it was sufficient to use a fermentation medium containing calculated concentrations of phosphorus and magnesium sources in order to maintain practically constant the phosphorus and magnesium initial contents of the biomass during the fermentation.
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Capilla, Miguel, Carlos Silvestre, Alejo Valles, Francisco Javier Álvarez-Hornos, Pau San-Valero und Carmen Gabaldón. „The Influence of Sugar Composition and pH Regulation in Batch and Continuous Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol Fermentation“. Fermentation 8, Nr. 5 (15.05.2022): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8050226.
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Acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation is influenced by external conditions. This work aimed to study the influence of pH regulation on monosaccharide composition in batch and continuous fermentation processes to determine butanol production and productivity. Batch fermentations with ammonium acetate or calcium carbonate combined with minimum pH control (pH ≥ 4.8 or 5.1) were assessed with pure xylose and glucose/xylose mixtures (ratios of 1:1 and 3:1). Continuous two-stage fermentation was developed using plastic rings to retain the biomass. Although batch fermentations with pure xylose performed better without active minimum pH control with both buffers, minimum pH control was necessary to metabolize xylose in the presence of glucose. Xylose uptake was favored by the use of calcium carbonate and pH ≥ 5.1 at a ratio of 1:1, while ammonium acetate and a pH ≥ 4.8 was the best option for a 3:1 ratio. The best butanol production and productivity values with sugar mixtures in batch reactors were 8.8 g L−1 and 0.61 g L−1 h−1 with an ammonium acetate pH ≥ 4.8 (ratio 3:1). The glucose/xylose ratio combined with pH regulation thus modulated xylose metabolism and solvent production in batch modes. Immobilized cells combined with operating at D = 0.333 h−1 and pH regulation increased butanol productivity almost fourfold up to 2.4 ± 0.2 g L−1 h−1.
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Harcum, Sarah W., und Thomas P. Caldwell. „High Gravity Fermentation of Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysate by Saccharomyces pastorianus to Produce Economically Distillable Ethanol Concentrations: Necessity of Medium Components Examined“. Fermentation 6, Nr. 1 (08.01.2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation6010008.
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A major economic obstacle in lignocellulosic ethanol production is the low sugar concentrations in the hydrolysate and subsequent fermentation to economically distillable ethanol concentrations. We have previously demonstrated a two-stage fermentation process that recycles xylose with xylose isomerase to increase ethanol productivity, where the low sugar concentrations in the hydrolysate limit the final ethanol concentrations. In this study, three approaches are combined to increase ethanol concentrations. First, the medium-additive requirements were investigated to reduce ethanol dilution. Second, methods to increase the sugar concentrations in the sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate were undertaken. Third, the two-stage fermentation process was recharacterized with high gravity hydrolysate. It was determined that phosphate and magnesium sulfate are essential to the ethanol fermentation. Additionally, the Escherichia coli extract and xylose isomerase additions were shown to significantly increase ethanol productivity. Finally, the fermentation on hydrolysate had only slightly lower productivity than the reagent-grade sugar fermentation; however, both fermentations had similar final ethanol concentrations. The present work demonstrates the capability to produce ethanol from high gravity sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate using Saccharomyces pastorianus with low yeast inoculum in minimal medium. Moreover, ethanol productivities were on par with pilot-scale commercial starch-based facilities, even when the yeast biomass production stage was included.
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Omoruyi, G. O., I. O. Busari und O. J. Babayemi. „In-vitro assessment of the nutritive value of vegetable wastes as feed supplement for ruminants“. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 49, Nr. 5 (26.05.2023): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i5.3772.
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The need to optimize livestock production to meet the growing demand for animal products has necessitated the efficient use of available resources, including crop wastes to enhance livestock productivity. Fifteen vegetable waste samples were analyzed to determine their nutritive value as ruminant feed. The chemical composition was determined using standard methods, and a 24-hour in-vitro fermentation was done to determine the dry matter degradability (DMD), short chain fatty acid (SCFA), and enteric methane (CH4) emission of each sample. Talinum triangulare leaf had the highest (p<0.05) crude protein value (31.50%) and Cucumis sativa had the lowest value (11.51%). A significant difference (p<0.05) was observed among the values of the proximate composition of the samples. Cucumis sativa had the highest CH4 percentage (36.75%) while the lowest CH4 percentage (10.00%) was observed in Cochorus olitorius stem. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) observed among the DMD values of the samples. The value of SCFA was highest for Daucus carota (0.33) and lowest for Talinum triangulare stem (0.07). The results of the proximate composition, CH4 percentage, and dry matter degradability of the samples observed in this study revealed that they could be further investigated through in-vivo trials to establish their suitability as alternative feedstuffs in ruminant diets.
La nécessité d’optimiser la production animale pour répondre à la demande croissante de produits animaux a nécessité l’utilisation efficace des ressources disponibles, y compris les déchets de récolte pour améliorer la productivité de l’élevage. Quinze échantillons de déchets végétaux ont été analysés pour déterminer leur valeur nutritive en tant qu’aliments pour ruminants. La composition chimique a été déterminée à l’aide de méthodes standard et une fermentation in vitro de 24 heures a été effectuée pour déterminer la dégradabilité de la matière sèche (DMS), les émissions d’acides gras à chaîne courte (AGCC) et de méthane entérique (CH4) de chaque échantillon. La feuille de Talinum triangulare avait la valeur de protéines brutes la plus élevée (p < 0,05) (31,50 %) et Cucumis sativa avait la valeur la plus faible (11,51 %). Une différence significative (p<0,05) a été observée entre les valeurs de la composition approximative des échantillons. Cucumis sativa avait le pourcentage de CH4 le plus élevé (36,75%) tandis que le pourcentage de CH4 le plus bas (10,00%) a été observé dans la tige de Cochorus olitorius. Aucune différence significative (p < 0,05) n’a été observée entre les valeurs DMS des échantillons. La valeur de AGCC était la plus élevée pour Daucus carota (0,33) et la plus faible pour la tige de Talinum triangulare (0,07). Les résultats de la composition approximative, du pourcentage de CH4 et de la dégradabilité de la matière sèche des échantillons observés dans cette étude ont révélé qu’ils pourraient être étudiés plus avant par des essais in vivo pour établir leur pertinence comme aliments alternatifs dans l’alimentation des ruminants.
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Ojo, Abidemi Oluranti, und Olga de Smidt. „Lactic Acid: A Comprehensive Review of Production to Purification“. Processes 11, Nr. 3 (24.02.2023): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11030688.
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Lactic acid (LA) has broad applications in the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. LA production demand rises due to the increasing demand for polylactic acid since LA is a precursor for polylactic acid production. Fermentative LA production using renewable resources, such as lignocellulosic materials, reduces greenhouse gas emissions and offers a cheaper alternative feedstock than refined sugars. Suitable pretreatment methods must be selected to minimize LA cost production, as the successful hydrolysis of lignocellulose results in sugar-rich feedstocks for fermentation. This review broadly focused on fermentative LA production from lignocellulose. Aspects discussed include (i). low-cost materials for fermentative LA production, (ii). pretreatment methods, (iii). enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose, (iv). lactic acid-producing microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria, genetically modified microorganisms, and their fermentative pathways, and (v). fermentation modes and methods. Industrial fermentative lactic acid production and purification, difficulties in using lignocellulose in fermentative LA production, and possible strategies to circumvent the challenges were discussed. A promising option for the industrial production and purification of LA that contains enzyme and cell recycling continuous simultaneous saccharification and fermentation coupled with membrane-based separation was proposed. This proposed system can eliminate substrate-, feedback-, and end-product inhibition, thereby increasing LA concentration, productivity, and yield.
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Barbuto Ferraiuolo, Simona, Odile Francesca Restaino, Ignacio Gutiérrez-del-Río, Riccardo Ventriglia, Marcella Cammarota, Claudio J. Villar, Felipe Lombó und Chiara Schiraldi. „Optimization of Pre-Inoculum, Fermentation Process Parameters and Precursor Supplementation Conditions to Enhance Apigenin Production by a Recombinant Streptomyces albus Strain“. Fermentation 7, Nr. 3 (21.08.2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7030161.
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Streptomyces albus J1074-pAPI (Streptomyces albus-pAPI) is a recombinant strain constructed to biotechnologically produce apigenin, a flavonoid with interesting bioactive features that up to now has been manufactured by extraction from plants with long and not environmentally friendly procedures. So far, in literature, only a maximum apigenin concentration of 80.0 µg·L−1 has been obtained in shake flasks. In this paper, three integrated fermentation strategies were exploited to enhance the apigenin production by Streptomyces albus J1074-pAPI, combining specific approaches for pre-inoculum conditions, optimization of fermentation process parameters and supplementation of precursors. Using a pre-inoculum of mycelium, the apigenin concentration increased of 1.8-fold in shake flask physiological studies. In 2L batch fermentation, the aeration and stirring conditions were optimized and integrated with the new inoculum approach and the apigenin production reached 184.8 ± 4.0 µg·L−1, with a productivity of 2.6 ± 0.1 μg·L−1·h−1. The supplementation of 1.5 mM L-tyrosine in batch fermentations allowed to obtain an apigenin production of 343.3 ± 3.0 µg·L−1 in only 48 h, with an increased productivity of 7.1 ± 0.1 μg·L−1·h−1. This work demonstrates that the optimization of fermentation process conditions is a crucial requirement to increase the apigenin concentration and productivity by up to 4.3- and 10.7-fold.
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Hessa, Célestin Cokou, Yaya Idrissou, Alassan Seidou Assani, Hilaire Sorébou Sanni Worogo und Ibrahim Alkoiret Traoré. „Emissions de Gaz à Effet de Serre des Systèmes AgroSylvopastoraux et Sylvopastoraux de deux Zones Agroécologiques du Bénin“. European Scientific Journal, ESJ 20, Nr. 12 (29.04.2024): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2024.v20n12p221.
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Au Bénin, une typologie de quatre groupes d’éleveurs a été établie sur la base des deux pratiques agroforestières (agrosylvopastoralisme et sylvopastoralisme) en lien avec l'adaptation au changement climatique. Il s’agit : des petits agrosylvopasteurs (Groupe 1 : PAS), des petits sylvopasteurs (Groupe 2 : PSV), des grands sylvopasteurs (Groupe 3 : GSV), et enfin des grands agrosylvopasteurs (Groupe 4 : GAS). Les effets de ces pratiques sur la productivité du bétail ont été évalués et connus. Cependant, des informations sur les effets de ces pratiques sur l’émission de gaz à effet de serre (GES) font défaut. Ainsi, la présente étude permet de combler cette lacune. Pour l’atteinte de cet objectif, 180 éleveurs ont été enquêtés. Des données sur l'alimentation animale, la gestion du fumier et la composition des troupeaux ont été collectées, et l’outil GLEAM-i (Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model interactive) de la FAO a été utilisé pour estimer les émissions de GES au sein de chaque type d’élevage. Les résultats ont révélé que les émissions de GES de tous les types d'élevage bovin étaient de 34,24 Gg CO2-eq/an dont les élevages GAS, GSV, PSV et PAS contribuaient respectivement pour 37,57 % ; 35,89% ; 13,87% et 12,67%. Dans tous les types d'élevage, le CH4 issu de la fermentation entérique était le principal contributeur aux émissions de GES. Les intensités d'émission du lait et de la viande étaient plus faibles dans les élevages GAS (60,21 kg CO2/kg de protéines du lait ; 178,68 kg CO2/kg de protéines de la viande) et PAS (61,61 kg de CO2/kg de protéines du lait ; 180,61 kg CO2/kg de protéines de la viande). Cette étude servira d'outil d'appui à l'élaboration de lignes directrices pour les systèmes de production animale à faibles émissions au Bénin et ailleurs en Afrique subsaharienne. In Benin, a typology of four groups of herders was established on the basis of two agroforestry practices (agrosilvopastoralism and silvopastoralism) related to adaptation to climate change. These are small agro-silvopastoral (Group 1: PAS), small silvopastoral (Group 2: PSV), large silvopastoral (Group 3: GSV), and finally large agro-silvopastors (Group 4: GAS). The effects of these practices on livestock productivity have been assessed and known. However, information on the effects of these practices on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is lacking. Thus, the present study fills this gap. To achieve this objective, 180 farmers were surveyed. Data on animal feed, manure management, and herd composition were collected, and the Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model interactive (GLEAM-i) tool was used to estimate GHG emissions within each farming type. The results revealed that the GHG emissions of all cattle farming types were 34.24 Gg CO2-eq/year, of which GAS, GSV, PAS, and PSV breeding contributed respectively for 37.57 %; 35.89%; 13.87% and 12.67%. In all farming types, CH4 from enteric fermentation was the main contributor to GHG emissions. The emission intensities of milk and meat were lower in GAS (60,21 kg CO2/kg milk protein; 178.68 kg CO2/kg meat protein) and PAS (61.61 kg CO2/kg milk protein; 180.61 kg CO2/kg meat protein). This study will serve as a support tool for the development of guidelines for low-emission animal production systems in Benin and elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Dolejš, Igor, Monika Líšková, Vladimír Krasňan, Kristína Markošová, Michal Rosenberg, Fabio Lorenzini, Andrew C. Marr und Martin Rebroš. „Production of 1,3-Propanediol from Pure and Crude Glycerol Using Immobilized Clostridium butyricum“. Catalysts 9, Nr. 4 (31.03.2019): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9040317.
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The present study describes the production of the value-added chemical 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) from crude glycerol, a waste by-product formed during biodiesel production. The efficiency, robustness, and stability of the process were improved by immobilization of the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium butyricum into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel. The highest average productivity, 6.8 ± 0.2 g/(L·h), was achieved in 10 consecutive, repeated batch fermentations, with an initial concentration of pure glycerol 45.5 ± 0.7 g/L, after 2.5 hours. The highest final concentration and yield of 1,3-PD, 28.3 ± 0.6 g/L, and 0.42 ± 0.01 g/g, respectively, were achieved in eleven repeated batch fermentations, after increasing the initial pure glycerol concentration to 70.4 ± 1.9 g/L. Two different types of crude glycerol, produced from used cooking oil (UCO) and rapeseed oil (RO), were tested in repeated batch fermentations, with an average productivity achieved of 2.3 ± 0.1 and 3.5 ± 0.3 g/(L·h), respectively. The highest final concentration and yield of 1,3-PD, 12.6 ± 0.9 g/L, and 0.35 ± 0.02 g/g, respectively, were observed in fifteen repeated batch fermentations with RO crude glycerol. An excellent stability of the immobilized anaerobic bacteria and increase of productivity in fermentation of crude glycerol was demonstrated.
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Iram, Attia, Ali Özcan, Ercan Yatmaz, İrfan Turhan und Ali Demirci. „Effect of Microparticles on Fungal Fermentation for Fermentation-Based Product Productions“. Processes 10, Nr. 12 (13.12.2022): 2681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10122681.
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Ranging from simple food ingredients to complex pharmaceuticals, value-added products via microbial fermentation have many advantages over their chemically synthesized alternatives. Some of such advantages are environment-friendly production pathways, more specificity in the case of enzymes as compared to the chemical catalysts and reduction of harmful chemicals, such as heavy metals or strong acids and bases. Fungal fermentation systems include yeast and filamentous fungal cells based on cell morphology and culture conditions. However, filamentous fungal fermentation has gained attention in the past few decades because of the diversity of microbial products and robust production of some of the most value-added commodities. This type of fungal fermentation is usually carried out by solid-state fermentation. However, solid-state fermentation poses problems during the scale-up for industrial production. Therefore, submerged fermentation for value-added products is usually preferred for scaling-up purposes. The main problem with submerged fungal fermentation is the formation of complex mycelial clumps or pellets. The formation of such pellets increases the viscosity of the media and hinders the efficient transfer of oxygen and nutrient resources in the liquid phase. The cells at the center of the clump or pellet start to die because of a shortage of resources and, thus, productivity decreases substantially. To overcome this problem, various morphological engineering techniques are being researched. One approach is the use of microparticles. Microparticles are inert particles with various size ranges that are used in fermentation. These microparticles are shown to have positive effects, such as high enzyme productivity or smaller pellets with fungal fermentation. Therefore, this review provides a background about the types of microparticles and summarizes some of the recent studies with special emphasis on the fungal morphology changes and microparticle types along with the applications of microparticles in filamentous fungal fermentations.
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Ogunbosoye, D. O., T. O. Abegunde, T. O. Binuomote und K. B. Salau. „Nutritional evaluation and growth response of West African dwarf (WAD) sheep fed varying levels of soybean cheese waste diets“. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 49, Nr. 4 (10.02.2023): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i4.3713.
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Feed shortage and high cost of conventional feed ingredients in the tropics and the keen competition between man and other farm animals necessitated the need to search for alternative feed resources that are cheap, available at all times but not toxic for ruminants to enhance their productivity. Hence, this study examined the fermentation characteristics and performance of West African dwarf (WAD) sheep fed graded levels of soybean cheese waste (SBCW). Three diets were formulated at 0%, 10% and 20% levels of SBCW respectively as D1, D2 and D3. Eighteen WAD sheep averaging 14 kg were randomly allocated to the dietary treatments for 102 days. The crude protein (CP) content of the diets varied significantly (p < 0.05) with CP of D1 being lowest (12.18 %) and highest in D3 (17.75 %). The gas volume produced at the end of 24 hrs incubation for D3 was lower than in D1 and D2. The methane volume produced was least in D3 and highest in D1. The calculated organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolizable energy (ME) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) values were similar except for D3 which had higher OMD than D1 and D2. Daily dry matter intake (DDMI) of WAD sheep fed D3 was highest compared to other diets. A similar trend was observed in average daily weight gain (ADWG). D3 had the least cost per kg of diet among the others. From the results obtained, it was observed that diet D3 appeared to be the best and economically viable for sheep production.
La pénurie d'aliments et le coût élevé des ingrédients alimentaires conventionnels dans les tropiques et la vive concurrence entre l'homme et les autres animaux d'élevage ont nécessité la recherche de ressources alimentaires alternatives bon marché, disponibles à tout moment mais non toxiques pour les ruminants afin d'améliorer leur productivité. Par conséquent, cette étude a examiné les caractéristiques de fermentation et les performances des West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep nourris avec des niveaux gradués de déchets de fromage de soja (DFS). Trois régimes ont été formulés à des niveaux de 0 %, 10 % et 20 % de DFS respectivement en tant que D1, D2 et D3. Dix-huit moutons WAD pesant en moyenne 14 kg ont été répartis au hasard entre les traitements diététiques pendant 102 jours. La teneur en protéines brutes (PB) des régimes variait significativement (p < 0,05), la PB de D1 étant laplus faible (12,18 %) et la plus élevée de D3 (17,75 %). Le volume de gaz produit au bout de 24 heures d'incubation pour J3 était inférieur à celui de D1 et D2. Le volume de méthane produit était le plus faible en D3 et le plus élevé en D1. Les valeurs calculées de digestibilité de la matière organique (DMO), d'énergie métabolisable (EM) et d'acides gras à chaîne courte (AGCC) étaient similaires, sauf pour D3 qui avait une DMO plus élevée que D1 et D2. L'apport quotidien en matière sèche (AQMS) des moutons WAD nourris au D3 était le plus élevé par rapport aux autres régimes. Une tendance similaire a été observée dans le gain de poids quotidien moyen (GPQM). D3 avait le moindre coût par kg de régime parmi les autres. D'après les résultats obtenus, il a été observé que le régime D3 apparaissait comme le meilleur et économiquement viable pour la production ovine.
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R. A., Animashahun, Onibi G. E., Aro S. O., Akpor A. B. und Animashahun A. P. „Impact of solid state fermented cassava stump and leaves on the production and egg quality of laying chickens“. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 50, Nr. 2 (28.02.2024): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v50i2.3969.
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A 12-week experiment was conducted to assess the effects of replacing maize with graded levels of enhanced cassava stump (ECS) on the egg productivity and quality of chickens. Cassava leaves and stumps were fermented with the aid of Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404) in solid state at room temperature (28.5 o C) for 96 and 192 hours, respectively. Thereafter the fermented cassava stump was fortified with 5% fermented cassava leaves to make ECS. Four layer diets were formulated by replacing maize with ECS at 0, 20, 40 and 60% levels. The result showed that the proximate values of the cassava stump were enhanced by fermentation with 195.63, 59.17 and 118.33% increment in crude protein, ether extract and ash respectively. The egg production and quality were influenced (P < 0.05) by the replacement of maize by the ECS. The highest (P<0.05) aggregate egg production were obtained in the control diet (Diet 1) and Diet 2 (20% ECS), while the hen-day egg production, egg weight, mass and feed conversion ratio were similar (P > 0.05) in the control group and diet that contained 40% ECS. The cost of feed decreased as the ECS increased in the diets. The eggshell index improved as ECS level increased in the diets, while the highest Haugh unit (HU) was observed in the diet containing 60% ECS. It was concluded that though the replacement of maize up to 60% by ECS gave better egg quality and economic benefit but for optimum performance, 40% ECS is recommended. Une expérience de 12 semaines a été menée pour évaluer les effets du remplacement du maïs par des niveaux progressifs de souche de manioc améliorée (SMA) sur la productivité des œufs et la qualité des poulets. Les feuilles et les souches de manioc ont été fermentées à l'aide d'Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404) à l'état solide à température ambiante (28,5°C) pendant 96 et 192 heures, respectivement. Par la suite, la souche de manioc fermentée a été enrichie avec 5 % de feuilles de manioc fermentées pour fabriquer de le SMA. Des régimes pour quatre pondeuses ont été formulés en remplaçant le maïs par de le SMA à des niveaux de 0, 20, 40 et 60 %. Le résultat a montré que les valeurs immédiates de la souche de manioc ont été améliorées par la fermentation avec une augmentation de 195,63, 59,17 et 118,33 % respectivement en protéines brutes, en extrait d'éther et en cendres. La production et la qualité des œufs ont été influencées (P < 0,05) par le remplacement du maïs par le SMA. La production globale d'œufs la plus élevée (P <0,05) a été obtenue dans le régime témoin (régime 1) et le régime 2 (20% SMA), tandis que la production quotidienne d'œufs de poule, le poids des œufs, la masse et le taux de conversion alimentaire étaient similaires (P > 0,05) dans le groupe témoin et le régime contenant 40 % de SMA. Le coût de l'alimentation diminuait à mesure que le SMA augmentait dans les régimes. L'indice de coquille d'œuf s'est amélioré à mesure que le niveau de SMA augmentait dans les régimes, tandis que l'unité de Haugh (HU) la plus élevée a été observée dans le régime contenant 60 % de SMA. Il a été conclu que même si le remplacement du maïs jusqu'à 60 % par l'ECS donnait une meilleure qualité des œufs et un meilleur bénéfice économique, mais pour des performances optimales, 40 % de SMAsont recommandés.
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Wong, Chung Yiin, Kunlanan Kiatkittipong, Worapon Kiatkittipong, Jun Wei Lim, Man Kee Lam, Ta Yeong Wu, Pau Loke Show et al. „Rhizopus oligosporus-Assisted Valorization of Coconut Endosperm Waste by Black Soldier Fly Larvae for Simultaneous Protein and Lipid to Biodiesel Production“. Processes 9, Nr. 2 (05.02.2021): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020299.
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Coconut endosperm waste (CEW) was treated by Rhizopus oligosporus via in situ and ex situ fermentations together with bioconversion into valuable black soldier fly larval biomass. The ex situ fermentation could overall enrich the nutritional compositions of CEW by hydrolyzing its complex organic polymers and exuding assimilable nutrients to enhance the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) growth. Nevertheless, the larval gut bacteria were competing with Rhizopus oligosporus in in situ fermentation, derailing the hydrolysis processes and larval growth. Accordingly, the highest growth rates achieved were around 0.095 g/day, as opposed to only 0.065 g/day whilst using 0.5 wt% of Rhizopus oligosporus to perform ex situ and in situ fermentations, respectively. These were also underpinned by the greater amount of total CEW consumed when employing ex situ fermentation, with comparable metabolic costs to feeding on in situ-fermented CEW. The mature BSFL were subsequently harvested and the amounts of protein and lipid produced were assessed in terms of their feasibility for biodiesel production. While the statistical analyses showed that the larval protein yields derived from both fermentation modes were insignificant, the BSFL could attain higher lipid and protein productivities upon feeding with ex situ- rather than in situ-fermented CEW mediums. Better yet, the larval biodiesel quality measured in terms of the fatty acid methyl ester composition were not varied significantly by Rhizopus oligosporus through the fermentation process. Thereby, the presence of 1.0 wt% Rhizopus oligosporus was considered optimum to perform ex situ fermentation, giving rise to the acceptable growth of BSFL loaded with the highest lipid yield and productivity for producing biodiesel and protein simultaneously.
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Zahn, James A., Richard E. Higgs und Matthew D. Hilton. „Use of Direct-Infusion Electrospray Mass Spectrometry To Guide Empirical Development of Improved Conditions for Expression of Secondary Metabolites from Actinomycetes“. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, Nr. 1 (01.01.2001): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.1.377-386.2001.
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ABSTRACT A major barrier in the discovery of new secondary metabolites from microorganisms is the difficulty of distinguishing the minor fraction of productive cultures from the majority of unproductive cultures and growth conditions. In this study, a rapid, direct-infusion electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) technique was used to identify chemical differences that occurred in the expression of secondary metabolites by 44 actinomycetes cultivated under six different fermentation conditions. Samples from actinomycete fermentations were prepared by solid-phase extraction, analyzed by ES-MS, and ranked according to a chemical productivity index based on the total number and relative intensity of ions present in each sample. The actinomycete cultures were tested for chemical productivity following treatments that included nutritional manipulations, autoregulator additions, and different agitation speeds and incubation temperatures. Evaluation of the ES-MS data from submerged and solid-state fermentations by pairedt test analyses showed that solid-state growth significantly altered the chemical profiles of extracts from 75% of the actinomycetes evaluated. Parallel analysis of the same extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography–ES-MS–evaporative light scattering showed that the chemical differences detected by the ES-MS method were associated with growth condition-dependent changes in the yield of secondary metabolites. Our results indicate that the high-throughput ES-MS method is useful for identification of fermentation conditions that enhance expression of secondary metabolites from actinomycetes.
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Branco, Patrícia, Mário Diniz und Helena Albergaria. „Evaluation of the Biocontrol Potential of a Commercial Yeast Starter against Fuel-Ethanol Fermentation Contaminants“. Fermentation 8, Nr. 5 (17.05.2022): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8050233.
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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Brettanomyces bruxellensis are the main contaminants of bioethanol fermentations. Those contaminations affect Saccharomyces cerevisiae performance and reduce ethanol yields and productivity, leading to important economic losses. Currently, chemical treatments such as acid washing and/or antibiotics are used to control those contaminants. However, these control measures carry environmental risks, and more environmentally friendly methods are required. Several S. cerevisiae wine strains were found to secrete antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) during alcoholic fermentation that are active against LAB and B. bruxellensis strains. Thus, in the present study, we investigated if the fuel-ethanol commercial starter S. cerevisiae Ethanol Red (ER) also secretes those AMPs and evaluated its biocontrol potential by performing alcoholic fermentations with mixed-cultures of ER and B. bruxellensis strains and growth assays of LAB in ER pre-fermented supernatants. Results showed that all B. bruxellensis strains were significantly inhibited by the presence of ER, although LAB strains were less sensitive to ER fermentation metabolites. Peptides secreted by ER during alcoholic fermentation were purified by gel-filtration chromatography, and a bioactive fraction was analyzed by ELISA and mass spectrometry. Results confirmed that ER secretes the AMPs previously identified. That bioactive fraction was used to determine minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against several LAB and B. bruxellensis strains. MICs of 1–2 mg/mL were found for B. bruxellensis strains and above 2 mg/mL for LAB. Our study demonstrates that the AMPs secreted by ER can be used as a natural preservative in fuel-ethanol fermentations.
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Li, Haixing, Jinfeng Pei, Cheng Wei, Zhiyu Lin, Hao Pan, Zhenkang Pan, Xinyue Guo und Zhou Yu. „Sodium-Ion-Free Fermentative Production of GABA with Levilactobacillus brevis CD0817“. Metabolites 13, Nr. 5 (28.04.2023): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13050608.
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Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has positive effects on many physiological processes. Lactic acid bacterial production of GABA is a future trend. This study aimed to produce a sodium-ion-free GABA fermentation process for Levilactobacillus brevis CD0817. In this fermentation, both the seed and fermentation media used L-glutamic acid instead of monosodium L-glutamate as the substrate. We optimized the key factors influencing GABA formation, adopting Erlenmeyer flask fermentation. The optimized values of the key factors of glucose, yeast extract, Tween 80, manganese ion, and fermentation temperature were 10 g/L, 35 g/L, 1.5 g/L, 0.2 mM, and 30 °C, respectively. Based on the optimized data, a sodium-ion-free GABA fermentation process was developed using a 10-L fermenter. During the fermentation, L-glutamic acid powder was continuously dissolved to supply substrate and to provide the acidic environment essential for GABA synthesis. The current bioprocess accumulated GABA at up to 331 ± 8.3 g/L after 48 h. The productivity of GABA was 6.9 g/L/h and the molar conversion rate of the substrate was 98.1%. These findings demonstrate that the proposed method is promising in the fermentative preparation of GABA by lactic acid bacteria.
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Antunes, F. A. F., A. K. Chandel, T. S. S. Milessi, J. C. Santos, C. A. Rosa und S. S. da Silva. „Bioethanol Production from Sugarcane Bagasse by a Novel Brazilian Pentose Fermenting YeastScheffersomyces shehataeUFMG-HM 52.2: Evaluation of Fermentation Medium“. International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/180681.
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Bioconversion of hemicellulosic sugars into second generation (2G) ethanol plays a pivotal role in the overall success of biorefineries. In this study, ethanol production performance of a novel xylose-fermenting yeast,Scheffersomyces shehataeUFMG-HM 52.2, was evaluated under batch fermentation conditions using sugarcane bagasse (SB) hemicellulosic hydrolysate as carbon source. Dilute acid hydrolysis of SB was performed to obtain sugarcane bagasse hemicellulosic hydrolysate (SBHH). It was concentrated, detoxified, and supplemented with nutrients in different formulations to prepare the fermentation medium to the yeast evaluation performance.S. shehataeUFMG-HM 52.2 (isolated from Brazilian Atlantic rain forest ecosystem) was used in fermentations carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks maintained in a rotator shaker at 30°C and 200 rpm for 72 h. The use of a fermentation medium composed of SBHH supplemented with 5 g/L ammonium sulfate, 3 g/L yeast extract, and 3 g/L malt extract resulted in 0.38 g/g of ethanol yield and 0.19 g L.h of volumetric productivity after 48 h of incubation time.
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Vassileva, Maria, Bettina Eichler-Lobermann, Antonia Reyes und Nikolay Vassilev. „Animal Bones Char Solubilization by Gel-EntrappedYarrowia lipolyticaon Glycerol-Based Media“. Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/907143.
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Citric acid was produced with free and k-carrageenan-entrapped cells of the yeastYarrowia lipolyticain single and repeated batch-shake-flask fermentations on glycerol-based media. Simultaneous solubilization of hydroxyapatite of animal bone origin (HABO) was tested in all experiments. The highest citric acid production by free yeast cells of 20.4 g/L and 18.7 g/L was reached after 96 h of fermentation in the absence and presence of 3 g/L HABO, respectively. The maximum values for the same parameter achieved by gel-entrapped cells in conditions of single batch and repeated-batch fermentation processes were 18.7 g/L and 28.1 g/L registered after 96 h and the 3d batch cycle, respectively. The highest citric acid productivity of 0.58 g L−1h−1was obtained with immobilized cells in repeated batch mode of fermentation when the added hydroxyapatite of 3 g/L was solubilized to 399 mg/L whereas the maximum efficiency of 89.0% was obtained with 1 g/L of HABO.
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Parambil, Lisha K., und Debasis Sarkar. „In Silico Analysis of Bioethanol Overproduction by Genetically Modified Microorganisms in Coculture Fermentation“. Biotechnology Research International 2015 (16.02.2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/238082.
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Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive sustainable carbon source for fermentative production of bioethanol. In this context, use of microbial consortia consisting of substrate-selective microbes is advantageous as it eliminates the negative impacts of glucose catabolite repression. In this study, a detailed in silico analysis of bioethanol production from glucose-xylose mixtures of various compositions by coculture fermentation of xylose-selective Escherichia coli strain ZSC113 and glucose-selective wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae is presented. Dynamic flux balance models based on available genome-scale metabolic networks of the microorganisms have been used to analyze bioethanol production and the maximization of ethanol productivity is addressed by computing optimal aerobic-anaerobic switching times. A set of genetic engineering strategies for ethanol overproduction by E. coli strain ZSC113 have been evaluated for their efficiency in the context of batch coculture process. Finally, simulations are carried out to determine the pairs of genetically modified E. coli strain ZSC113 and S. cerevisiae that significantly enhance ethanol productivity in batch coculture fermentation.
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Halka, Lisa, und Rolf Wichmann. „Enhanced Production and in situ Product Recovery of Fusicocca-2,10(14)-Diene from Yeast“. Fermentation 4, Nr. 3 (17.08.2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation4030065.
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Fusicocca-2,10(14)-diene (FCdiene) is a tricyclic diterpene which has many pharmaceutical applications, for example, it is a precursor for different anticancer drugs, including fusicoccin A. Chemical synthesis of this diterpene is not economical as it requires 14 steps with several stereospecific reactions. FCdiene is naturally produced at low titers in phytopathogenic filamentous fungi. However, production of FCdiene can be achieved via expression of fusicoccadiene synthase in yeast. The objective of this study is to increase FCdiene production by optimizing the yeast fermentation process. Our preliminary fermentations showed influences of carbon sources, buffer agents, and oxygen supply on FCdiene production. Buffer agents as well as oxygen supply were investigated in detail at 0.2 and 1.8 L cultivation volumes. Using glucose as the carbon source, FCdiene concentrations were increased to 240 mgFCdiene/L by optimizing pH and oxygen conditions. In situ extraction and adsorption techniques were examined at the 0.2 L scale to determine if these techniques could improve FCdiene yields. Different adsorbents and solvents were tested with in situ product recovery and 4-fold increases in FCdiene productivity could be shown. The results generated in this work provide a proof-of-concept for the fermentative production of FCdiene from S. cerevisiae as a practical alternative to chemical synthesis.
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Babu, Prabhakar, Yogesh Patel, Subhashis Pany, Ilma Majeed und Dr Umesh Luthra. „Study of Physiological Parameters and Rheology for the Production and Extraction of Cyclosporin A“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, Nr. 4 (30.04.2022): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41268.
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Abstract: This study is an evaluative effort to analyse different physiological parameters and rheological properties observed during the fermentative production of cyclosporin A. Tolypocladium inflatum culture was used for seed development. For production fermentation, the mature seed was inoculated at specific transfer parameters. At each stage of the current study, pH, PMV and sugar consumption were keenly analysed and recorded. Different aeration rates and agitation speeds were evaluated during various stages of growth. Based on several experiments, the most optimised parameters were included for further analysis. The maximum productivity obtained was 8.3 g/L. Further, different kinds of solvents were studied to extract crude from the fermentation broth. Solvents required at various stages of downstream processing were analysed for best recovery with minimal product loss. Finally, the product was obtained with 80.58% recovery. Keywords: cyclosporin A, Tolypocladium inflatum, fermentation, seed, pH, PMV, extraction, downstream processing
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Barroso, Raissa Gabriela Martins Reis, Mônica Caramez Triches Damaso, Fabricio Machado und Sílvia Belém Gonçalves. „Lactic Acid Production by Enterococcus durans Is Improved by Cell Recycling and pH Control“. Fermentation 10, Nr. 3 (06.03.2024): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10030149.
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Lactic acid bacteria are widely used because they produce lactic acid naturally, are resistant to acidic pH and a wide temperature range, and frequently produce lactic acid as a primary metabolite. In this study, Enterococcus durans isolated from buffalo milk was employed in lactic acid fermentation with the primary goal of obtaining fermentation parameters for an effective process enabling the use of lactose as an alternative carbon source. Fermentative parameters such as initial concentration of carbon source, dissolved oxygen concentration, cell recycling, and batch with pulse operation mode were studied to find the best conditions for L-(+)-lactic acid production. The association of 20 g·L−1 of lactose with 10 g·L−1 of glucose enabled the best bioconversion to lactic acid. Anaerobiosis did not contribute to increasing lactic acid production. Batch fermentation with cell recycling was the strategy that enhanced lactic acid production and lactose consumption, reaching 26.07 g·L−1, 0.36 g·L−1·h−1 of productivity and yielding about 0.86 g·g−1. It is fundamental to evaluate the parameters of lactic acid fermentation and provide efficient and sustainable production methods.
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Leite, Paula Bacelar, Wanderson Mariano Machado, Alaíse Gil Guimarães, Giovani Brandão Mafra de Carvalho, Karina Teixeira Magalhães-Guedes und Janice Izabel Druzian. „Cocoa’s Residual Honey: Physicochemical Characterization and Potential as a Fermentative Substrate by Saccharomyces cerevisiae AWRI726“. Scientific World Journal 2019 (03.02.2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5698089.
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This study aims to characterize the physicochemical properties of cocoa’s residual honey and evaluate its fermentative capacity as a substrate, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae AWRI726 as the starter culture for alcoholic fermentation. The research hypothesis was that cocoa’s residual honey can be used for the production of fermented beverages. Cocoa’s honey has 14.14 g.100 mL−1 of dry material, containing 11.80 g.100 mL−1 of carbohydrates and 1.20% crude protein, in addition to other minor components, such as pectin, lipids, and Fe, Mn, Na, and Zn, with a carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio (9.8) most suitable for fermentation. Fermentation at 20°C for 240 hours produced a liquid with 16% v/v ethanol (14 g.L−1 in 144 h). However, 24 hours of fermentation produced the maximum ethanol yield (0.373 g.g−1) and volumetric productivity (0.168 g.L−1.h−1), which were associated with a significant increase in the specific cell growth rate. Saccharomyces cerevisiae AWR1726 performed satisfactorily in the alcoholic fermentation of cocoa’s residual honey, similar to that observed in other fruit beverages, thus suggesting the suitability of cocoa’s residual honey for future commercial applications.
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Luna, Ricardo, Cristóbal Torrealba, J. Ricardo Pérez-Correa und Álvaro González. „Management tool for oenological decision-making: Modeling and optimization of a hybrid model for fermentative maceration of Cabernet Sauvignon“. BIO Web of Conferences 68 (2023): 02040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236802040.
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This work presents a hybrid model for Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) red wine-making that combines mechanistic and data-driven approaches to optimize the fermentation process and improve the quality of red wine. The model incorporates two sub-units representing the interaction between alcoholic fermentation and phenolic extraction, considering factors such as temperature, products addition, draining time, and must composition. To develop and validate the model, a database of 270 industrial CS fermentation from 2017-2021 harvest seasons was collected. The models were calibrated using experimental data, achieving an average R2 of 0.94 for fermentation kinetics model and 45% and 80.9% test accuracy for tannins and anthocyanins predictors, respectively. A multi-objective dynamic optimization problem was formulated and solved to find fermentation operation conditions that optimize simultaneously phenolic quality, process costs and productivity. A similar distribution of the Paretos were obtained for varietal and premium wines. Finally, these tools were packed in a digital platform for practical use in industrial cellars. The models generate the predictions and recipes prescription for each fermentation tank when the pre fermentative juice is analyzed. As a result, it is obtained useful information for wine decision-making like maceration length and wine phenolic composition at least five days in advance.
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Rengifo, Liliana R., Paola Rosas, Nicolás Méndez, Yvette Ludeña, Susana Sirvas, Ilanit Samolski und Gretty K. Villena. „Comparison of Pigment Production by Filamentous Fungal Strains under Submerged (SmF) and Surface Adhesion Fermentation (SAF)“. Journal of Fungi 9, Nr. 1 (28.12.2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9010048.
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Although synthetic colorants are widely used in many industries due to their high stability at different conditions in industrial processes, evidence of its negative impact on health and the environment is undeniable. Filamentous fungi are well known for their use as alternative sources to produce natural pigments. However, an adequate comparison of the productivity parameters between the fermentation systems could be limited to their heterogeneous conditions. Even though Solid-State Fermentations (SSF) on natural substrates are widely used for pigments production, complex media, and non-controlled variables (T, pH, medium composition), these systems could not only hamper the finding of accurate productivity parameters, but also mathematical modeling and genomics-based optimization. In this context, the present study screened five pigment-producing fungi by comparing Submerged (SmF) and Surface Adhesion Fermentation [biofilm (BF) and Solid-State (SSF)] with defined media and controlled variables. For this purpose, we used the same defined media with sucrose as the carbon source for pigment production on SmF, BF, and SSF, and BF and SSF were carried out on inert supports. Five molecularly identified Penicillium and Talaromyces strains isolated from the Peruvian rainforest were selected for their ability to produce yellowish-orange colorants. Highest productivities were obtained from T. brunneus LMB-HP43 in SmF (0.18 AU/L/h) and SSF (0.17 AU/L/h), and P. mallochii LMB-HP37 in SSF (0.18 AU/L/h). Both strains also exhibited the highest yields (AU/g biomass) in the three fermentation systems, reaching values greater than 18-folds in SSF compared to the other strains. Conversely, T. wortmannii LMB-HP14 and P. maximae LMB-HP33 showed no ability to produce pigments in the SSF system. The performed experiments accurately compared the effect of the fermentation system on yield and productivity. From this, further genomics approaches can be considered for an extensive analysis of pigment synthesis pathways and a genomics-driven optimization in the best fermentation system.
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Bolmanis, Emils, Konstantins Dubencovs, Arturs Suleiko und Juris Vanags. „Model Predictive Control—A Stand Out among Competitors for Fed-Batch Fermentation Improvement“. Fermentation 9, Nr. 3 (22.02.2023): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9030206.
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The fed-batch cultivation is in many ways a benchmark for fermentation processes, and it has been an attractive choice for the biotechnological production of various products in the past decades. The majority of biopharmaceuticals that are presently undergoing clinical trials or are available on the market are manufactured through fed-batch fermentations. A crucial process parameter in fed-batch cultivations is the substrate feed rate, which directly influences the overall process productivity, product quality and process repeatability; henceforth, effective control of this parameter is imperative for a successful fed-batch fermentation process. Two distinct control strategies can be distinguished—open-loop and closed-loop (feedback) control. Each of these methods has its own set of benefits, limitations and suitability for specific bioprocesses. This article surveys and compares the most popular open- and closed-loop methods for substrate feed rate control in fed-batch fermentations. Emphasis is placed on model-predictive feed rate control (MPC)—a stand out among other methods that offers a promising application perspective. The authors also demonstrate a practical example of the implementation of a robust, flexible MPC solution that is suitable for various cultures and runs on standard computer hardware, thus overcoming one of the main reported MPC drawbacks—high computational requirements.
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Liu, Zhen, und Qing Hui Chang. „Steady-State Simulation of the Strip-Flash Ethanol Fermentation Process“. Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (Juli 2012): 2151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.2151.
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The conventional ethanol fermentaion is a typical inhibitory process, leading to low productivity and yield. A new ethanol fermentation process coupled with gas stripping and vacuum flash, named as strip-flash fermentation, is proposed. The process is provided with the advantages of both stripping fermentation and flash fermentation, and improves the ethanol productivity by increasing the in-situ ethanol removal. And a model of flash-strip fermentation process was established. The theoretically analyses indicate that increasing gas flux and liquid phase recycling ratio can help to enhance productivity and yield of strip-flash fermentation process, and comparison to striping fermentation or flash fermentation, flash-strip fermentation has shown a better productivity. The results has also shown the possibilities of further application and optimization of this process.
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Palaiogeorgou, Anastasia Marina, Ermis Ioannis Michail Delopoulos, Apostolis A. Koutinas und Seraphim Papanikolaou. „Screening Bacterial Strains Capable of Producing 2,3-Butanediol: Process Optimization and High Diol Production by Klebsiella oxytoca FMCC-197“. Fermentation 9, Nr. 12 (12.12.2023): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9121014.
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In the present investigation, the potential of various newly isolated strains which belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family to produce 2,3-butanediol (BDO), an important bio-based compound, was studied. The most interesting strain, namely Klebsiella oxytoca FMCC-197, was selected for further investigation. Commercial (raw) sucrose or molasses, which are important agro-industrial surpluses, were employed as carbon sources for most of the trials performed. Different fermentation parameters (viz. incubation te4mperature, utilization of different carbon sources, substrate inhibition, aeration) were tested to optimize the process. Fermentations under non-aseptic conditions were also conducted to investigate the potential of growth of the strain K. oxytoca FMCC-197 to surpass the growth of other microorganisms in the culture medium and produce BDO. Besides BDO production, in trials in which molasses was employed as the sole carbon source, significant color removal was observed simultaneously with the production of microbial metabolites. The very high BDO concentration ≈115 g L−1 was reported in approximately 64 h during a fed-batch bioreactor experiment, using sucrose and molasses as carbon sources at 30 °C, reaching a conversion yield (YBDO) of 0.40 g g−1 and a productivity rate (PBDO) of 1.80 g L−1 h−1, while similar results were also obtained at 37 °C. The strain demonstrated remarkable results in non-previously sterilized media, as it produced 58.0 g L−1 in 62 h during a fed-batch bioreactor experiment, while the potential to decolorize molasses-based substrates over 40% was also recorded. From the results obtained it is shown that this wild-type strain can be used in large-scale microbial BDO production using various raw materials as fermentative substrates. The wastewater derived after BDO fermentation by K. oxytoca FMCC-197 can be disposed relatively safely into the environment.
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Khan, Muhammad Imran, Moon Geon Lee, Hyo Jin Seo, Jin Hyuk Shin, Tai Sun Shin, Yang Ho Yoon, Min Yong Kim, Jong Il Choi und Jong Deog Kim. „Enhancing the Feasibility ofMicrocystis aeruginosaas a Feedstock for Bioethanol Production under the Influence of Various Factors“. BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4540826.
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Microcystis aeruginosa, a freshwater microalga, is capable of producing and accumulating different types of sugars in its biomass which make it a good feedstock for bioethanol production. Present study aims to investigate the effect of different factors increasing growth rate and carbohydrates productivity ofM. aeruginosa. MF media (modified BG11 media) and additional ingredients such as aminolevulinic acid (2 mM), lysine (2.28 mM), alanine (1 mM), and Naphthalene acetic acid (1 mM) as cytokine promotedM. aeruginosagrowth and sugar contents.Salmonellashowed growth-assisting effect onM. aeruginosa. Enhanced growth rate and carbohydrates contents were observed inM. aeruginosaculture grown at 25°C under red LED light of 90 μmolm−2s−1intensity. More greenish and carbohydrates richM. aeruginosabiomass was prepared (final OD660 nm= 2.21 and sugar contents 10.39 mM/mL) as compared to control (maximum OD660 nm= 1.4 and sugar contents 3 mM/mL). The final algae biomass was converted to algae juice through a specific pretreatment method. The resulted algae Juice was used as a substrate in fermentation process. Highest yield of bioethanol (50 mM/mL) was detected whenBrettanomyces custersainus,Saccharomyces cerevisiae, andPichia stipitiswere used in combinations for fermentation process as compared to their individual fermentation. The results indicated the influence of different factors on the growth rate and carbohydrates productivity ofM. aeruginosaand its feasibility as a feedstock for fermentative ethanol production.
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Kucharska, Karolina, Hubert Cieśliński, Piotr Rybarczyk, Edyta Słupek, Rafał Łukajtis, Katarzyna Wychodnik und Marian Kamiński. „Fermentative Conversion of Two-Step Pre-Treated Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrogen“. Catalysts 9, Nr. 10 (15.10.2019): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9100858.
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Fermentative hydrogen production via dark fermentation with the application of lignocellulosic biomass requires a multistep pre-treatment procedure, due to the complexed structure of the raw material. Hence, the comparison of the hydrogen productivity potential of different lignocellulosic materials (LCMs) in relation to the lignocellulosic biomass composition is often considered as an interesting field of research. In this study, several types of biomass, representing woods, cereals and grass were processed by means of mechanical pre-treatment and alkaline and enzymatic hydrolysis. Hydrolysates were used in fermentative hydrogen production via dark fermentation process with Enterobacter aerogenes (model organism). The differences in the hydrogen productivity regarding different materials hydrolysates were analyzed using chemometric methods with respect to a wide dataset collected throughout this study. Hydrogen formation, as expected, was positively correlated with glucose concentration and total reducing sugars amount (YTRS) in enzymatic hydrolysates of LCMs, and negatively correlated with concentrations of enzymatic inhibitors i.e., HMF, furfural and total phenolic compounds in alkaline-hydrolysates LCMs, respectively. Interestingly, high hydrogen productivity was positively correlated with lignin content in raw LCMs and smaller mass loss of LCM after pre-treatment step. Besides results of chemometric analysis, the presented data analysis seems to confirm that the structure and chemical composition of lignin and hemicellulose present in the lignocellulosic material is more important to design the process of its bioconversion than the proportion between the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content in this material. For analyzed LCMs we found remarkable higher potential of hydrogen production via bioconversion process of woods i.e., beech (24.01 mL H2/g biomass), energetic poplar (23.41 mL H2/g biomass) or energetic willow (25.44 mL H2/g biomass) than for cereals i.e., triticale (17.82 mL H2/g biomass) and corn (14.37 mL H2/g biomass) or for meadow grass (7.22 mL H2/g biomass).
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Perruca Foncillas, Raquel, Miguel Sanchis Sebastiá, Ola Wallberg, Magnus Carlquist und Marie F. Gorwa-Grauslund. „Assessment of the TRX2p-yEGFP Biosensor to Monitor the Redox Response of an Industrial Xylose-Fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain during Propagation and Fermentation“. Journal of Fungi 9, Nr. 6 (30.05.2023): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9060630.
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The commercial production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass such as wheat straw requires utilizing a microorganism that can withstand all the stressors encountered in the process while fermenting all the sugars in the biomass. Therefore, it is essential to develop tools for monitoring and controlling the cellular fitness during both cell propagation and sugar fermentation to ethanol. In the present study, on-line flow cytometry was adopted to assess the response of the biosensor TRX2p-yEGFP for redox imbalance in an industrial xylose-fermenting strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during cell propagation and the following fermentation of wheat-straw hydrolysate. Rapid and transient induction of the sensor was recorded upon exposure to furfural and wheat straw hydrolysate containing up to 3.8 g/L furfural. During the fermentation step, the induction rate of the sensor was also found to correlate to the initial ethanol production rate, highlighting the relevance of redox monitoring and the potential of the presented tool to assess the ethanol production rate in hydrolysates. Three different propagation strategies were also compared, and it was confirmed that pre-exposure to hydrolysate during propagation remains the most efficient method for high ethanol productivity in the following wheat-straw hydrolysate fermentations.
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Meier-Schneiders, M., U. Grosshans, C. Busch, W. Weikmann und A. Steinbuchel. „On-line analysis of Alcaligenes eutrophus fermentations“. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41, Nr. 13 (15.12.1995): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m95-196.
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Improvements in the poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) productivity of Alcaligenes eutrophus can be achieved by using genetically engineered strains. Knowledge of their metabolic regulation can be obtained from fermentation experiments. Certain events may not be noticed owing to the typically low frequency of sampling. To avoid information gaps, a newly developed fermenter-calorimeter was used for batch experiments allowing comprehensive on-line monitoring of fermentations. PHB-producing strain HI 6 and PHB-lacking mutant PHB−4 were selected, since they are well characterized with respect to the metabolism of PHB. For both strains, the profiles of thermograms, oxygen dissolved in the medium, and carbon dioxide formation were in good agreement with the off-line analysis. The on-line measurements showed characteristic differences between strains PHB−4 and H16. During fed-batch cultivations of PHB-accumulating strain H16, rapid autolysis of the cells was observed.Key words: Alcaligenes eutrophus, PHB, fermentation, calorimetry, on-line analysis, growth efficiency.
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Caldeirão Rodrigues Miranda, Lucas, Rodrigo José Gomes, osé Marcos Gontijo Mandarino, Elza Iouko Ida und Wilma Aparecida Spinosa. „Acetic Acid Fermentation of Soybean Molasses and Characterisation of the Produced Vinegar“. Food Technology and Biotechnology 58, Nr. 1 (22.04.2020): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17113/ftb.58.01.20.6292.
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Soybean molasses is a by-product from the production of protein concentrate from soybean meal that predominantly contains sugars, with sucrose as the major component. In Brazil, soybean molasses is used for animal feed or it is discarded, although some industries use it to produce ethanol. This study aims to evaluate the parameters required for the acetic acid fermentation of soybean molasses, and characterise the resultant vinegar. To study the most suitable parameters for the acetic acid fermentation, vinegar was produced from the alcoholic fermentation of soybean molasses through eight fermentation cycles: five for adaptation and three for production. The average acidity of the acetic acid fermentation product was 50.60 g/L, with an acetic acid fermentation yield, total yield of acetic acid in broth and productivity 65.01 %, 92.76 % and 0.033 g/(L·h), respectively. The vinegar produced from soybean molasses had an acidity of 5.07 % (m/V), residual ethanol content 0.17 % (m/V), sugars 7.86 % (m/V), dry extract 14.67 % (m/V), ash 2.27 % (m/V) and a density of 1.023 g/cm3. The contents of total phenolics and isoflavone decreased after the alcohol and acetic acid fermentations. Moreover, the isoflavone profile of the fermented product comprised only three forms: daidzein, glycitin and genistin. According to our results, 3460 L of vinegar can be produced for every tonne of soy molasses, with an acetic acid concentration of 40 g/L, the minimum required by the legislation on vinegar production. Thus, these findings demonstrate that soy molasses represents a useful raw material for the production of vinegar.
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Magalhães, Caroline C. A., Julia A. Romão, Geiza S. Araújo, Diego T. Santos und Giovani B. M. De Carvalho. „Evaluation of Nutritional Supplementation with Palm Oil in High-Gravity Beer Production“. Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture 10, Nr. 1 (24.01.2019): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212798410666180723154633.
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Background: The use of nutritional supplementation of the brewer's wort can be an interesting option to increase cell viability and yeast fermentability. </P><P> Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of the variables wort concentration and nutritional supplementation with palm oil in the production of beer in high-density wort. </P><P> Methods: The process effects were evaluated through the central composite rotational design of type 22 associated with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The fermentations were carried out using the commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, lager type, at 15°C. </P><P> Results: The mathematical models and RSM obtained were an efficienct strategy to determine the optimum fermentation point for the ethanol volumetric productivity (wort concentration of 20.90 °P and palm oil content of 0.19 % v/v) and for the apparent degree of fermentation (wort concentration of 16.90 °P and palm oil content of 0.22% v/v). There was a good correlation between the experimental values observed and predicted by the model, indicating that the fit of the model was satisfactory and it can be inferred that the increase of the wort concentration and the nutritional supplementation with the palm oil reached an ethanol volumetric productivity of 0.55 g/L.h and an apparent degree of fermentation of 50.20 %. </P><P> Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that our study demonstrates that nutritional supplementation with palm oil is an alternative and promising option for the breweries to increase productivity. There are recent patents also suggesting the advantages of using alternative nutritional supplements in beverage production.
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Ricci, Luca, Valeria Agostino, Debora Fino und Angela Re. „Screening of Gas Substrate and Medium Effects on 2,3-Butanediol Production with C. ljungdahlii and C. autoethanogenum Aided by Improved Autotrophic Cultivation Technique“. Fermentation 7, Nr. 4 (13.11.2021): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7040264.
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Gas fermentation by acetogens of the genus Clostridium is an attractive technology since it affords the production of biochemicals and biofuels from industrial waste gases while contributing to mitigate the carbon cycle alterations. The acetogenic model organisms C. ljungdahlii and C. autoethanogenum have already been used in large scale industrial fermentations. Among the natural products, ethanol production has already attained industrial scale. However, some acetogens are also natural producers of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO), a platform chemical of relevant industrial interest. Here, we have developed a lab-scale screening campaign with the aim of enhancing 2,3-BDO production. Our study generated comparable data on growth and 2,3-BDO production of several batch gas fermentations using C. ljungdahlii and C. autoethanogenum grown on different gas substrates of primary applicative interest (CO2 · H2, CO · CO2, syngas) and on different media featuring different compositions as regards trace metals, mineral elements and vitamins. CO · CO2 fermentation was found to be preferable for the production of 2,3-BDO, and a fair comparison of the strains cultivated in comparable conditions revealed that C. ljungdahlii produced 3.43-fold higher titer of 2,3-BDO compared to C. autoethanogenum. Screening of different medium compositions revealed that mineral elements, Zinc and Iron exert a major positive influence on 2,3-BDO titer and productivity. Moreover, the CO2 influence on CO fermentation was explored by characterizing C. ljungdahlii response with respect to different gas ratios in the CO · CO2 gas mixtures. The screening strategies undertaken in this study led to the production of 2.03 ± 0.05 g/L of 2,3-BDO, which is unprecedented in serum bottle experiments.
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Douradinho, Rafael, Pietro Sica, Matheus Oliveira, Alana Uchoa Pinto, Layna Mota, Eduardo Mattos, Danilo Perecin et al. „Assessing Ionizing Radiation and Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2) as Potential Aseptization Treatments for Yeast Recycling on Mixed Wort of Corn and Sugarcane in Brazil“. Stresses 4, Nr. 1 (01.02.2024): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stresses4010009.
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Yeast recycling, which is a common practice in sugarcane ethanol plants, could be expanded if it could be successfully implemented in corn-based ethanol production. However, the process of recycling the yeast remaining after fermentation is hampered by contaminating microorganisms that reduce the fermentation efficiency and compete with the yeast for the fermentable sugars. Currently, antibiotics are used to control microbial contamination. This study proposes chlorine dioxide and electron beam irradiation as alternative control methods for completely inactivating contaminants and minimizing their effect on recycled yeast. For that, wort sterilization using electron radiation (20 kGy) and treatment with a chemical biocide, namely chlorine dioxide (125 mg kg−1), were compared with non-treated wort. Five fermentation cycles were performed using fed-batch systems with 300 g L−1 of fermentable sugars. The results obtained in this study showed the inactivation of contaminants under the effect of electron beam irradiation, which led to an increase in the productivity, yield, and efficiency of fermentation by 0.21 g L−1h−1, 2.6%, and 4.7%, respectively. However, ClO2 did not show promising results in reducing contamination or improving fermentative parameters. Thus, electron beam irradiation of contaminated wort may be a suitable alternative to chemical biocides and would allow the use of recycled yeast in corn-based ethanol plants.
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Wang, Hao, Yingli Chen, Zhihan Yang, Haijun Deng, Yiran Liu, Ping Wei, Zhengming Zhu und Ling Jiang. „Metabolic and Bioprocess Engineering of Clostridium tyrobutyricum for Butyl Butyrate Production on Xylose and Shrimp Shell Waste“. Foods 13, Nr. 7 (26.03.2024): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13071009.
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Microbial conversion of agri-food waste to valuable compounds offers a sustainable route to develop the bioeconomy and contribute to sustainable biorefinery. Clostridium tyrobutyricum displays a series of native traits suitable for high productivity conversion of agri-food waste, which make it a promising host for the production of various compounds, such as the short-chain fatty acids and their derivative esters products. In this study, a butanol synthetic pathway was constructed in C. tyrobutyricum, and then efficient butyl butyrate production through in situ esterification was achieved by the supplementation of lipase into the fermentation. The butyryl-CoA/acyl-CoA transferase (cat1) was overexpressed to balance the ratio between precursors butyrate and butanol. Then, a suitable fermentation medium for butyl butyrate production was obtained with xylose as the sole carbon source and shrimp shell waste as the sole nitrogen source. Ultimately, 5.9 g/L of butyl butyrate with a selectivity of 100%, and a productivity of 0.03 g/L·h was achieved under xylose and shrimp shell waste with batch fermentation in a 5 L bioreactor. Transcriptome analyses exhibited an increase in the expression of genes related to the xylose metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and amino acid metabolism and transport, which reveal the mechanism for the synergistic utilization of xylose and shrimp shell waste. This study presents a novel approach for utilizing xylose and shrimp shell waste to produce butyl butyrate by using an anaerobic fermentative platform based on C. tyrobutyricum. This innovative fermentation medium could save the cost of nitrogen sources (~97%) and open up possibilities for converting agri-food waste into other high-value products.
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Leskosek-Cukalov, Ida, und Viktor Nedovic. „Immobilized cell technology in beer brewing: Current experience and results“. Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, Nr. 109 (2005): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0519129l.
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Immobilized cell technology (ICT) has been attracting continual attention in the brewing industry over the past 30 years. Some of the reasons are: faster fermentation rates and increased volumetric productivity, compared to those of traditional beer production based on freely suspended cells, as well as the possibility of continuous operation. Nowadays, ICT technology is well established in secondary fermentation and alcohol- free and low-alcohol beer production. In main fermentation, the situation is more complex and this process is still under scrutiny on both the lab and pilot levels. The paper outlines the most important ICT processes developed for beer brewing and provides an overview of carrier materials, bioreactor design and examples of their industrial applications, as well as some recent results obtained by our research group. We investigated the possible applications of polyvinyl alcohol in the form of LentiKats?, as a potential porous matrices carrier for beer fermentation. Given are the results of growth studies of immobilized brewer's yeast Saccharomyces uvarum and the kinetic parameters obtained by using alginate microbeads with immobilized yeast cells and suspension of yeast cells as controls. The results indicate that the immobilization procedure in LentiKat? carriers has a negligible effect on cell viability and growth. The apparent specific growth rate of cells released in medium was comparable to that of freely suspended cells, implying preserved cell vitality. A series of batch fermentations performed in shaken flasks and an air-lift bioreactor indicated that the immobilized cells retained high fermentation activity. The full attenuation in green beer was reached after 48 hours in shaken flasks and less than 24 hours of fermentation in gas-lift bioreactors.
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Krista, G. M., und M. T. A. P. Kresnowati. „Modeling the synthetic gas fermentation for bioethanol production“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 963, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/963/1/012013.
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Abstract The productivity of bioethanol from the synthetic gas anaerobic fermentation by Clostridium jungdahlii is still very low when compared to other bioethanol fermentation methods. The low mass transfer rate of CO, CO2, and H2 gases to the liquid fermentation broth has been considered a major bottleneck in the overall process. Another possible bottleneck is the low concentration of biomass as the real catalyst for bioethanol production. A repeated batch fermentation configuration is proposed to solve the biomass concentration problem. This paper presents the evaluation of the repeated batch configuration for syngas anaerobic fermentation. A model for syngas fermentation has been developed and was used to simulate the effects of repeated batch configurations on bioethanol productivity. The results indicated more than a 50% increase in bioethanol productivity can be achieved by running this fermentation configuration.
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Tavares, Ana P. M., Matthew J. A. Gonçalves, Teresa Brás, Gaetano R. Pesce, Ana M. R. B. Xavier und Maria C. Fernandes. „Cardoon Hydrolysate Detoxification by Activated Carbon or Membranes System for Bioethanol Production“. Energies 15, Nr. 6 (09.03.2022): 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15061993.
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Advanced biofuels incorporation into the transportation sector, particularly cellulosic bioethanol, is crucial for attaining carbon neutrality by 2050, contributing to climate changes mitigation and wastes minimization. The world needs biofuel to be commercially available to tackle the socioeconomic challenges coming from the continued use of fossil fuels. Cynara cardunculus (cardoon) is a cheap lignocellulosic raw biomass that easily grows in Mediterraneous soils and is a potential renewable resource for a biorefinery. This work aimed to study the bioethanol production from cardoon hemicellulosic hydrolysates, which originated from dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis pretreatment. A detoxification step to remove released microbial fermentative inhibitors was evaluated by using both activated carbon adsorption and a nanofiltration membrane system. The Scheffersomyces stipitis CBS5773 yeast and the modified Escherichia coli MS04 fermentation performances at different experimental conditions were compared. The promising results with E. coli, using detoxified cardoon by membrane nanofiltration, led to a bioethanol volumetric productivity of 0.30 g·L−1·h−1, with a conversion efficiency of 94.5%. Regarding the S. stipitis, in similar fermentation conditions, volumetric productivity of 0.091 g·L−1·h−1 with a conversion efficiency of 64.9% was obtained. Concluding, the production of bioethanol through detoxification of hemicellulosic cardoon hydrolysate presents a suitable alternative for the production of second-generation bioethanol, especially using the modified E. coli.
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Bedő, Soma, Anikó Fehér, Panwana Khunnonkwao, Kaemwich Jantama und Csaba Fehér. „Optimized Bioconversion of Xylose Derived from Pre-Treated Crop Residues into Xylitol by Using Candida boidinii“. Agronomy 11, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010079.
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Crop residues can serve as low-cost feedstocks for microbial production of xylitol, which offers many advantages over the commonly used chemical process. However, enhancing the efficiency of xylitol fermentation is still a barrier to industrial implementation. In this study, the effects of oxygen transfer rate (OTR) (1.1, 2.1, 3.1 mmol O2/(L × h)) and initial xylose concentration (30, 55, 80 g/L) on xylitol production of Candida boidinii NCAIM Y.01308 on xylose medium were investigated and optimised by response surface methodology, and xylitol fermentations were performed on xylose-rich hydrolysates of wheat bran and rice straw. High values of maximum xylitol yields (58–63%) were achieved at low initial xylose concentration (20–30 g/L) and OTR values (1.1–1.5 mmol O2/(L × h)). The highest value for maximum xylitol productivity (0.96 g/(L × h)) was predicted at 71 g/L initial xylose and 2.7 mmol O2/(L × h) OTR. Maximum xylitol yield and productivity obtained on wheat bran hydrolysate were 60% and 0.58 g/(L × h), respectively. On detoxified and supplemented hydrolysate of rice straw, maximum xylitol yield and productivity of 30% and 0.19 g/(L × h) were achieved. This study revealed the terms affecting the xylitol production by C. boidinii and provided validated models to predict the achievable xylitol yields and productivities under different conditions. Efficient pre-treatments for xylose-rich hydrolysates from rice straw and wheat bran were selected. Fermentation using wheat bran hydrolysate and C. boidinii under optimized condition is proved as a promising method for biotechnological xylitol production.
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Sulaiman, Ahmad Ziad, Azilah Ajit, Rosli Mohd Yunus und Yusuf Chisti. „Ultrasound-assisted fermentation enhances bioethanol productivity“. Biochemical Engineering Journal 54, Nr. 3 (Mai 2011): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2011.01.006.
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Vandermeulen, Sophie, Sultan Singh, Carlos Alberto Ramírez-Restrepo, Robert D. Kinley, Christopher P. Gardiner, Joseph A. M. Holtum, Iain Hannah und Jérôme Bindelle. „In vitro assessment of ruminal fermentation, digestibility and methane production of three species of Desmanthus for application in northern Australian grazing systems“. Crop and Pasture Science 69, Nr. 8 (2018): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17279.
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Three species of Desmanthus adapted to the heavy clay soils of northern Australia were studied to determine their nutritive value and effects on in vitro fermentation with rumen fluid, compared with Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay. Leaves and stems of D. leptophyllus cv. JCU 1, D. virgatus cv. JCU 2 and D. bicornutus cv. JCU 4 were collected in summer, winter and spring of 2014 and analysed for chemical composition. Apparent digestibility as in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVD-OM) and fermentation parameters including methane (CH4) production were measured during 72-h fermentations using rumen fluid from steer donors grazing tropical grasses and legumes. Desmanthus bicornutus was on average more digestible than both D. leptophyllus and D. virgatus at 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. This species also demonstrated an anti-methanogenic potential, in particular when harvested in summer with a reduction in CH4 production of 26% compared with Rhodes grass hay after 72 h of incubation. At this time point, D. leptophyllus produced higher volatile fatty acids (VFA per g of organic matter fermented) compared with the other forages. This legume also reduced the CH4 production up to 36% compared with the Rhodes grass hay reference. However, D. leptophyllus showed lower IVD-OM. Overall, Desmanthus species produced lower in vitro CH4 and lower volatile fatty acids concentration compared with the reference grass hay. These effects may be due to presence of secondary compounds such as hydrolysable tannins, condensed tannins and/or their combination in Desmanthus species. The IVD-OM was influenced by the season after 72 h of incubation; the digestibility was higher in plants collected in spring. This study suggests that contrasting fermentative profiles in Desmanthus cultivars may offer the opportunity to reduce the greenhouse gas contribution of the beef industry. The next step in demonstration of these promising in vitro results is demonstration of Desmanthus in vivo as proof of concept confirming the productivity and CH4 reduction ability of these legumes in the pastoral systems of northern Australia.
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Santos, Dieyssi Alves dos, Cristiani Baldo, Dionísio Borsato und Maria Antonia Pedrine Colabone Celligoi. „Utilization of low-cost substrates for the production of nystose by Bacillus subtilis natto cct 7712“. Acta Scientiarum. Technology 38, Nr. 4 (26.08.2016): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v38i4.28704.
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Current analysis describes the capacity of Bacillus subtilis natto CCT 7712 to produce high amounts of nystose by low-cost substrates available in Brazil, such as commercial sucrose, sugarcane molasses and sugarcane juice. Optimization resulted in a maximum production of 179.77 g L-1 of nystose, averaging 7.49 g L-1 hour-1 of productivity and a 71.73% yield in a medium with 400 g L-1of commercial sucrose and 0.8 g L-1 of MnSO4. Fermentations with sugarcane molasses and sugarcane juice also resulted in a satisfactory production reaching 97.93 and 42.58 g L-1 nystose, respectively. High nystose production in a medium with sugarcane derivatives suggests submerged fermentation with Bacillus subtillis natto CT 7712 as a promising strategy to produce nystose at industrial level.
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Ouwerkerk, Diane, Anita Maguire, Jenny Gravel, Cathy Minchin, Michael Gravel, Athol Klieve und Ros Gilbert. „Effect of Feeding Different Cultivars of Leucaena leucocephala on Rumen-Based in vitro Anaerobic Fermentations“. Proceedings 36, Nr. 1 (13.02.2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036096.
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The leguminous forage shrub, Leucaena leucocephala, is one of the few nutritional options available to significantly improve beef productivity in Northern Australia. A mixed bacterial rumen inoculum for the detoxification of mimosine (present in Leucaena) and its toxic derivatives 3,4 DHP and 2,3 DHP has been produced in an anaerobic fermenter for the last 23 years by the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, using the commercial cultivar Cunninghamii. The development and release of a new psyllid-resistant cultivar ‘Redlands’, offers potential for increasing uptake by the beef industry but brings unanswered questions about its impact on the survival of the toxin degrading bacteria Synergistes jonesii and the overall efficacy of the current inoculum. A series of 30-day anaerobic fermentations were undertaken using the same starter cultures used in the production of commercial inoculum but fed daily with one of three Leucaena cultivars: Cunninghamii, Redlands or Wondergraze. Populations of S. jonesii were monitored daily using a quantitative PCR assay and the ability of the fermentation to detoxify mimosine and its derivatives were assayed on days 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30. Feeding the new Redlands cultivar had a negative impact on S. jonesii numbers and the ability to detoxify 3,4 DHP. However, as fermentation time increased, the S. jonesii populations adapted to the Redlands cultivar. A follow-on fermentation using a starter culture obtained from Day 30 of a Redlands fermentation, showed an immediate increase in S. jonesii populations and was able to detoxify mimosine and its toxic derivatives.
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Michelz Beitel, Susan, Luciana Fontes Coelho, Daiane Cristina Sass und Jonas Contiero. „Environmentally Friendly Production of D(−) Lactic Acid by Sporolactobacillus nakayamae: Investigation of Fermentation Parameters and Fed-Batch Strategies“. International Journal of Microbiology 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4851612.
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The interest in the production of lactic acid has increased due to its wide range of applications. In the present study, the variables that affect fermentative D(−) lactic acid production were investigated: neutralizing agents, pH, temperature, inoculum percentage, agitation, and concentration of the medium components. An experimental design was applied to determine the optimal concentrations of the medium components and fermentation was studied using different feeding strategies. High production (122.41 g/L) and productivity (3.65 g/L·h) were efficiently achieved by Sporolactobacillus nakayamae in 54 h using a multipulse fed-batch technique with an initial medium containing 35 g/L of yeast extract (byproduct of alcohol production), 60 g/L of crystallized sugar, and 7.5 mL/L of salts. The fermentation process was conducted at 35°C and pH 6.0 controlled by NaOH with a 20% volume of inoculum and agitation at 125 rpm. The production of a high optically pure concentration of D(−) lactic acid combined with an environmentally friendly NaOH-based process demonstrates that S. nakayamae is a promising strain for D(−) lactic acid production.
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Teixeira, Vanessa S., Suéllen P. H. Azambuja, Priscila H. Carvalho, Fátima A. A. Costa, Patricia R. Kitaka, Claudia Stekelgerb, Silvio R. Andrietta, Maria G. S. Andrietta und Rosana Goldbeck. „Robustness and Ethanol Production of Industrial Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Different Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolysates“. Journal of Applied Biotechnology 7, Nr. 1 (07.05.2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jab.v7i1.14599.
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Sugarcane bagasse is one of the main lignocellulosic raw materials used for the production of second-generation ethanol. Technological studies on fermentation processes have focused on the search for and development of more robust microorganisms that are able to produce bioethanol efficiently and are resistant to the main fermentation inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the robustness and ethanol production of industrial strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using acid, alkaline, and enzymatic sugarcane bagasse hydrolysates. Hydrolysis was carried out to release fermentable sugars from sugarcane bagasse. Fermentations were performed in shake flasks containing sugarcane hydrolysates supplemented with 150 g L−1 glucose to evaluate the kinetic parameters of the reaction. Inhibitor tolerance was evaluated by incubating cells with different concentrations of inhibitors in 96-well plates. The biomass yield on substrate, ethanol yield on substrate, and ethanol productivity of the six strains were higher in 0.5% acid, 0.5% alkaline, and enzymatic hydrolysates (i.e., under milder conditions). The SA-1 (Santa Adélia-1) strain had a better performance in comparison with the other strains for its ability to produce ethanol in a very severe condition (7% acid hydrolysis) and for its robustness in growing at several inhibitor concentrations.
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Olszewska-Widdrat, Agata, Maria Alexandri, José Pablo López-Gómez, Roland Schneider, Michael Mandl und Joachim Venus. „Production and Purification of l-lactic Acid in Lab and Pilot Scales Using Sweet Sorghum Juice“. Fermentation 5, Nr. 2 (26.04.2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5020036.
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Sweet sorghum juice (SSJ) was evaluated as fermentation substrate for the production of l-lactic acid. A thermophilic Bacillus coagulans isolate was selected for batch fermentations without the use of additional nutrients. The first batch of SSJ (Batch A) resulted on higher lactic acid concentration, yield and productivity with values of 78.75 g∙L−1, 0.78 g∙g−1 and 1.77 g∙L−1 h−1, respectively. Similar results were obtained when the process was transferred into the pilot scale (50 L), with corresponding values of 73 g∙L−1, 0.70 g∙g−1 and 1.47 g∙L−1 h−1. A complete downstream process scheme was developed in order to separate lactic acid from the fermentation components. Coarse and ultra-filtration were employed as preliminary separation steps. Mono- and bipolar electrodialysis, followed by chromatography and vacuum evaporation were subsequently carried out leading to a solution containing 905.8 g∙L−1 lactic acid, with an optical purity of 98.9%. The results of this study highlight the importance of the downstream process with respect to using SSJ for lactic acid production. The proposed downstream process constitutes a more environmentally benign approach to conventional precipitation methods.
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Silva, S. S., A. Quesada-Chanto und M. Vitolo. „Upstream Parameters Affecting the Cell Growth and Xylitol Production by Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 52, Nr. 5-6 (01.06.1997): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1997-5-614.
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Abstract The effects of yeast extract (0-10g/l), methanol (0-10%v/v), acetic acid (0-1.0g/l), furfural (0-0.5g/l), glucose (0-30g/l), inoculum age (15-70h) and product concentration (18-230g/l) on the xylose-xylitol conversion by Candida guilliermondii FTI 20037 were studied. The xylitol specific productivity increased about 35% at a yeast extract concentration of 1.0g/l, whereas glucose showed a strong inhibitory effect on the xylitol production and a stimulating effect on the growth of C. guilliermondii. Methanol, acetic acid and furfural under the employed concentrations did not show any positive effect neither on the growth or on the xylose-xylitol conversion by the yeast. The inoculum age showed a strong influence on xylitol formation and the best fermentative parameters were attained using a 40-h inoculum age. A xylitol concentration in the fermentation medium higher than 80g/l inhibited markedly the xylitol productivity by the yeast C. guilliermondii.
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Lin, Zhangnan, Hongjuan Liu, Wei Cong und Jian’an Zhang. „Continuous Fermentation Coupled with Online Gas Stripping for Effective Biobutanol Production“. Fermentation 9, Nr. 11 (30.10.2023): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9110942.
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The main problems with the butanol fermentation process include high cost of grain raw materials, low product concentration and low butanol productivity caused by butanol cytotoxicity. In this study, cassava, a cheap crop, was used as the raw material. A symbiotic system TSH06, which possesses the capability to synthesize butanol under non-strict anaerobic conditions, was used as the fermentation strain. The fermentation performance of TSH06 in a cassava system was investigated. In order to eliminate product inhibition and promote the concentration and productivity of butanol, a strategy of continuous fermentation coupled with online gas stripping was developed. By using the strategy of two-stage continuous fermentation using immobilized cells coupled with online gas stripping, the butanol productivity reached 0.9 g/(L·h); at the same time, a high butanol concentration was achieved, and the concentration of butanol obtained in the condensate reached 71.2 g/L.
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Nikolaou, Anastasios, Georgios Sgouros, Gregoria Mitropoulou, Valentini Santarmaki und Yiannis Kourkoutas. „Freeze-Dried Immobilized Kefir Culture in Low Alcohol Winemaking“. Foods 9, Nr. 2 (21.01.2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9020115.
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Low alcohol wines represent a rising trend in the global market. Since for ethanol removal, certain physicochemical methods that negatively affect wine quality are applied, the aim of this present study was to evaluate the efficiency of freeze-dried, immobilized kefir culture on natural supports (apple pieces, grape skins and delignified cellulosic material) in low alcohol winemaking at various temperatures (5–30 °C). Initially, genetic analysis of kefir culture was performed by Next Generation Sequencing. There was an immobilization of kefir culture on grape skins-enhanced cell survival during freeze-drying in most cases, even when no cryoprotectant was used. Simultaneous alcoholic and malolactic fermentations were performed in repeated batch fermentations for >12 months, using freeze-dried free or immobilized cells produced with no cryoprotectant, suggesting the high operational stability of the systems. Values of great industrial interest for daily ethanol productivity and malic acid conversion [up to 39.5 g/(Ld) and 67.3%, respectively] were recorded. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that freeze-drying rather than the fermentation temperature affected significantly minor volatiles. All low alcohol wines produced were accepted during the preliminary sensory evaluation.