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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Femmes – Iran – 2000-"
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Hussain, Ashraf MA, und Riyadh K. Lafta. „Cancer Trends in Iraq 2000–2016“. Oman Medical Journal 36, Nr. 1 (15.01.2021): e219-e219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5001/omj.2021.18.
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Objectives: Precise and quantitative assessment of the trend of cancer burden enables policymakers and health managers to prioritize diseases and allocate resources better. This infers what caused a decrease or increase in the rate of cancer occurrence, and if it denotes timing of implementation of a control measure, it presents the impact on the disease rate. This study’s objective was to evaluate trends in child and adult cancer in Iraq from 2000 onwards. Methods: We used the registries of the Iraqi Ministry of Health that were gathered from all governorates from 2000–2016. Data were presented as incidence rates to depict the trends of different types of cancers distributed by age, gender, and governorates. Results: Breast cancer witnessed a significant increase with predominance in females. Lung cancer rate increased significantly from 4.08 to 5.60/100 000 (p = 0.038), affecting males more than females. The brain cancer trend showed a bimodal pattern (two peaks in 2004 and 2011) with no significant trend change (p = 0.788). Both genders were similarly affected. The trend of stomach and colorectal cancer showed an accelerated increase after 2007. Conclusions: Almost all cancers (particularly lung and gastrointestinal) showed constantly raising trends, especially after 2007. Only cervical and laryngeal cancer had a decreasing trend. Most cancers were predominant in males.
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Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Masoud Masinaei, Arya Aminorroaya, Zahra Aryan, Parinaz Mehdipour, Yasna Rostam-Abadi, Naser Ahmadi et al. „Risk of incident cardiovascular diseases at national and subnational levels in Iran from 2000 to 2016 and projection through 2030: Insights from Iran STEPS surveys“. PLOS ONE 18, Nr. 8 (23.08.2023): e0290006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290006.
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Background Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in developing countries. CVD risk stratification guides the health policy to make evidence-based decisions. Aim To provide current picture and future trend of CVD risk in the adult Iranian population. Methods Nationally representative datasets of 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, and 2016 STEPwise approach to non-communicable diseases risk factor surveillance (STEPS) studies were used to generate the 10-year and 30-year risks of CVD based on Framingham, Globorisk, and World Health Organization (WHO) risk estimation models. Trend of CVD risk was calculated from 2000 until 2016 and projected to 2030. Results In 2016, based on Framingham model, 14.0% of the Iranian, aged 30 to 74, were at great risk (≥20%) of CVD in the next 10 years (8.0% among females, 20.7% among males). Among those aged 25 to 59, 12.7% had ≥45% risk of CVD in the coming 30 years (9.2% among females, 16.6 among males). In 2016, CVD risk was higher among urban area inhabitants. Age-standardized Framingham 10-year CVD risk will increase 32.2% and 19%, from 2000 to 2030, in females and males, respectively. Eastern provinces had the lowest and northern provinces had the greatest risk. Conclusions This study projected that CVD risk has increased from 2000 to 2016 in Iran. Without further risk factor modification, this trend will continue until 2030. We have identified populations at higher risks of CVD to guide future intervention.
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Alaei, K., A. Alaei und D. Mansoori. „Thrombocytopenia in HIV-infected patients, Islamic Republic of Iran“. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 08, Nr. 06 (15.12.2002): 758–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2002.8.6.758.
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Thrombocytopenia is a blood dyscrasia common in AIDS patients that may result from increased viral load and diminished CD4 T lymphocytes. We evaluated the rate of thrombocytopenia [platelet count < 100 000/microL] in 170 HIV-infected patients [161 males and 9 females] from May 2000-April 2001 in Kermanshah, Islamic Republic of Iran. All except 7 females were injecting drug users. While 34 patients had thrombocytopenia, 3 had severe thrombocytopenia [platelet count < 20 000/microL]. Although prevalence was similar in various stages of HIV infection [18.5%-22.5%], severe thrombocytopenia was in patients with CD4 T cell count < 200 cells/microL. There were no other associated conditions. Mild thrombocytopenia is common in HIV-infected patients in our region.
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Moghadamnia, A. A., und M. Abdollahi. „An epidemiological study of poisoning in northern Islamic Republic of Iran“. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 08, Nr. 01 (15.03.2002): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2002.8.1.88.
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We examined the causes and mortality of poisoning in the province of Mazandaran. In all, 1751 poisoning cases referred to four main hospitals over a three-year period [1997-2000] were included. More poisoning cases were females [55.5%] than males [45.5%] but the proportional mortality for males was greater than for females [65% versus 35%]. The greatest proportion of poisonings occurred between the ages of 16 and 25 years. Most frequent was intentional poisoning, followed by accidental and occupational poisoning. Medicines were the most common cause, followed by chemicals such as pesticides. Poisoning by opiates, aluminium or zinc phosphide, rodenticides, petroleum and ethanol intoxication was also observed. Pesticide poisoning was most frequently fatal.
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Kadir, M. A. A., A. K. M. Ismail und S. S. Tahir. „Epidemiology of malaria in Al-Tameem Province, Iraq, 1991-2000“. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 9, Nr. 5-6 (31.03.2003): 1042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2003.9.5-6.1042.
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To determine the rates of malarial infection in different areas of Al-Tameem province, we conducted a cross-sectional study from 1991 to 2000. We found an overall infection rate of 0.76% by Plasmodium vivax. Infection rates were highest in Dibis district [1.12%], followed by infections from outside the province [0.93%] and in Hawija district [0.89%], Kirkuk [0.62%] and Dakok [0.17%]. Rates of infection varied by year with the lowest rate in 1991 [0.02%] and the highest rate in 1996 [1.84%]. All ages were represented, with the highest rate of infection among 21-30-year-olds. Males had a slightly higher rate of infection [0.78%] than females [0.73%]
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Morovatdar, Negar, Gholamreza Tayebi Nasrabad, Konstantinos Tsarouhas und Ramin Rezaee. „Etiology of Renal Replacement Therapy in Iran“. International Journal of Nephrology 2019 (26.11.2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5010293.
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Introduction. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is one of the most common life-threatening diseases. In the past two decades, several factors were held responsible as the cause of this condition. The present study aimed to determine the causes of ESRD in the province of Khorasan Razavi, Iran. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2404 ESRD patients who referred to 39 hemodialysis centers in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran, and were registered in the Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), between 2000 and December 2018. Sociodemographic data and causes of ESRD were extracted from data registry. Results. The mean age at onset of hemodialysis for 2404 patients was 52.8 ± 16.4 years, and 57.1% of the patients were male. Clinical profile of hypertension (28.3%) and diabetes mellitus (24.8%) were the most common known causes of ESRD in our patients. Hypertension was more prevalent in male patients compared with females (30 vs 25%, respectively) while diabetes was more prevalent in females compared with males (25.4 vs 24.4%, respectively), p=0.009. Educational level was significantly associated with the cause of ESRD (p<0.001). Age of onset of ESRD in hypertensive patients was significantly lower compared with diabetic patients (51.5 ± 16.3 vs 58.28 ± 12.9 years, respectively; p<0.001). Conclusions. In the current study, the most common causes of ESRD were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Primary prevention of hypertension and diabetes and proper treatment must be considered to reduce the burden of ESRD in Iran.
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Rahif, R. H., und M. A. A. Al-Fatlawei. „PREVALENCE OF HYDATIDOSIS IN CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS IN IRAQ“. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine 26, Nr. 1 (28.06.2002): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30539/ijvm.v26i1.1405.
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Internal organs of 486 camels were examined, 77 males and 409 females, 2 months - 10 years old, slaughtered at Al-Diwania abattoir from June 2000 till July 2001, for detection the prevelance of hydatid infection. The total rate of infection was 42.18 %, 18.18 % in males and 46.70% in females. Distribution of cysts among organs varied from 13.66 % in livers, 66.34 % in lungs and 20 % in both of them. For the first time in Iraq, Hydatid cyst was recorded in spleen, together with the infection of liver, in one camel. The results of the study showed a higher prevalence of infection among aged camels in comparison with younger animls.
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Razaeian, Mohsen, Maryam Mohammadi, Malihe Akbari und Maryam Maleki. „The Most Common Method of Suicide in Tehran 2000–2004“. Crisis 29, Nr. 3 (Mai 2008): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.29.3.164.
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The likelihood of completing suicide depends to some extent on knowledge of effective means and also on the availability and/or acceptability of such methods. Since studying suicide methods may have an implication for prevention, the focus of this study was on the most favored method of suicide in Tehran, Iran. The study uses confirmed suicide data provided by the Beheshet Zahra Organization (BZO), which gathers all mortality data within Tehran and enters them into a computerized database, from which the relevant information for all the recorded suicide cases during the year 2000 to 2004 were obtained and analyzed. There were 703 cases of suicide (632 males and 71 females) in the BZO database, with a sex ratio of 8.9. The mean (standard deviation) of age at suicide for those who chose hanging and for those who have chosen other methods of suicide were 33.93 (14.2) and 34.60 (13.4) years, respectively. Hanging was the method favored by 572 (85.9%) of cases. Use of hanging was higher in females (61, 85.9%) than in males (511, 80.9%), and higher among the married (304, 53.6%) than among singles (268, 46.4%). The high proportion of persons using hanging as a method of suicide in Tehran may reflect the fact that this method is more acceptable and/or easily available and/or less likely to be misclassified as accidental or undetermined death. The prevention of such suicides is extremely difficult in the general population. Therefore, it is suggested that, to prevent suicide by hangings, the authorities should focus on the causal factors of suicide rather than on the acceptability and/or the availability of this method.
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Lafta, Riyadh K. „Health System in Iraq Post 2003 War“. AL-Kindy College Medical Journal 19, Nr. 3 (30.12.2023): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v19i3.1040.
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Background: War represents a major human crisis; it destroys communities and results in ingrained consequences for public health and well-being Objective: We set this study to shed light on the public health status in Iraq after the successive wars, sanctions, sectarian conflicts, and terrorism, in light of certain health indicators. Design: The primary source of data for this analysis comes from the Iraqi Ministry of Health, and The World Health Organization disease surveillance. Results: Most of the morbidity indicators are high, even those that are relatively declining recently, are still higher than those reported in the region. Common communicable diseases such as schistosomiasis, mumps, and measles continue to be a problem. Mumps showed two recent epidemics; in 2015, and in 2020. The same with respect to Measles. More than 40·% of the surveyed population showed both systolic and diastolic hypertension. Fasting glucose of 10·4% of the participants showed hyperglycaemia, only 6·5% of whom reported being diagnosed and treated as diabetic. The leading cancer in males is Bronchus and Lung cancer, followed by Colorectal, Urinary bladder, and Prostatic cancers while in females; Breast cancer is in the top of the list, followed by Thyroid, Colorectal, Brain, and Bronchogenic cancers. Rates for childhood cancers are obviously higher even than those in high-income countries. Conclusions: The struggling public health services in Iraq have been severely impacted by humanitarian and political crises and brutal armed conflict that resulted in restricted population access to food, clean water and basic services including healthcare and medicines.
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PEDRAM, MAJID, EBRAHIM POURJAM und MARIA T. VINCIGUERRA2. „Description of a new species of the rare genus Epacrolaimus Andrássy, 2000 (Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae) and new data on male of Paraxonchium laetificans (Andrássy, 1956) Altherr & Loof, 1969 (Dorylaimida, Paraxonchiidae) from Iran“. Zootaxa 3327, Nr. 1 (29.05.2012): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3327.1.5.
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Epacrolaimus reyesi n. sp., an amphimictic species of a rare nematode genus, is described and illustrated. The new species ischaracterised by its long body (7.23–7.87 mm), 32 µm wide lip region, with well developed and distinct lips and liplets pro-vided with longitudinal corrugation on their inner surface; 19–22 µm long odontostyle with a wide, arched aperture occupyingca 85% of its length; 45–56 µm long odontophore; 55–67 µm long rounded tail, nine regularly spaced ventromedian supple-ments in males and 135–145 µm long spicules. The new species is compared with two other known species of the genus,namely E. declinatoaculeatus (Kreis, 1924) Andrássy, 2000 and E. imperator Andrássy, 2000. Compared to the former, thenew species has a rounded tail in females vs bluntly conoid, rounded on tip or with a minute peg, shorter tail (55–67 vs 63–75µm) shorter spicules (135–145 vs 215 µm) and fewer male copulatory supplements (9 vs 12). Compared to the latter species, E.reyesi n. sp. is wider at the midbody region (172–178 vs 156–160 µm), and has a shorter tail (55–67 vs 84 µm in females and58–65 vs 70–86 µm in males), shorter spicules (135–145 vs 202–210 µm) and fewer male copulatory supplements (9 vs 14–16).From both species the new species differs by having a rounded tail vs convex-conoid or slightly subdigitate. Beside the newspecies, a population of Paraxonchium laetificans (Andrássy, 1956) Altherr & Loof, 1969 with relatively numerous males wasfound from forests of northern Iran. The male of this species, which had not been found in Iran so far and had been described on two specimens only, is described and illustrated in detail.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Femmes – Iran – 2000-"
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Majd, Parvaneh. „Toxicomanie-troubles de la personnalité en rapport avec le type d’attachement et de maltraitance dans une population de femmes iraniennes : "une étude comparative"“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20001.
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L’objet de la thèse vise à étudier l’impact du type d’attachement et de la maltraitance sur les troubles de la personnalité d’une population de patients toxicomanes et recevant un traitement de substitution. Notre échantillon est constitué de 140 patients dépendants de drogues toxiques et placés sous traitement de substitution : dans cet échantillon, 70 femmes représentent le groupe expérimental et 70 hommes représentent le groupe témoin.Nous avons utilisé le CASRS (Child Abuse Self Report Scale) pour évaluer les événements traumatiques subis au cours de l’enfance, le MCMI (Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory) pour l’évaluation des troubles de la personnalité et l’ASQ (Attachement Scale Questionnaire) pour mesurer le type d’attachement. Nos résultats révèlent qu’il existe des spécificités en fonction des genres. Plus de maltraitance dans l’enfance, davantage d’attachement insécure, plus de troubles de la personnalité ainsi qu’un contexte social-familial particulier chez les femmes ont une importance étiologique. Ces différences épidémiologiques ont un impact sur la gravité de la toxicomanie (surtout en matière de violence psychologique et physique).Ces résultats devraient sans doute nous inciter à revoir nos stratégies de soins pour tenir davan-tage compte d’approches plus spécifiquesThe subject of our work was to study the influence of type of attachment and maltreatment on personality disorders in a population of patients addicted to drugs who receive replacement therapy. Our sample consisted of 140 patients with a diagnosis of toxic drug addiction substitu-tion treatment, including 70 women who represent the experimental group and 70 men who represent the control group. To evaluate the traumatic events in childhood, we used the CASRS (Child Abuse Self Report Scale), for assessing personality disorder we used MCMI (Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory) and finally the ASQ (Attachment Scale questionnaire) to meas-ure the type of attachment. Our results show that there are significant differences between males and females. A higher occurrence of abuse during childhood, demonstrates insecure at-tachment, more comorbid personality disorder and a socio-familial especially among women, which may have etiological significance. These epidemiological differences have an impact on the severity of substance abuse (more importantly the emotional and physical abuse). There-fore, these results encourage us to rethink our strategies of care for more specific approaches while handling such patients
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Keshavarz, Nahid. „Les traces du mouvement des femmes en Iran (1989-2009) : luttes, défis, réussites“. Paris, EHESS, 2013. https://eu02.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/uresolver/33PUDB_IEP/openurl?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&portfolio_pid=5364092050004675&Force_direct=true.
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Le mouvement des femmes en Iran est fondé sur la contradiction entre la situation des femmes qui a évolué dans un sens positif dans le domaine de l’éducation, de l’économie, de la structure de la famille ainsi que la participation dans l’espace culturel et social, et la massive regression reposant sur les structures juridique, coutumier et religieux, dominant leur réalité quotidienne. A cela il faut ajouter l’émergence d’opportunités inédites contrées par les continuelles menaces politiques et sociales à l’égard des activistes. C'est-à-dire que le paradoxe qui se situe dans ce double mouvement contradictoire entre tentative de progression par le bas et regression sociale par le haut qui a généré un mouvement social important en faveur des droits des femmes en Iran. En bénéficiant des conditions favorables après la guerre Iran-Irak et la période de réforme, les activistes des droits des femmes purent établir un mouvement significatif et étendu. Malgré l’extension des menaces et de la repression après la montée au pouvoir d’Ahmadinejâd en 2005, il a pu résister et rendre publiques ses revendications plus résolument que par rapport aux périodes précédentes. Cette thèse étudie la période de reprise des activités des femmes, qui s’était arrêtée avec le commencement de la guerre entre l’Iran et l’Irak (rupture qui dura 8 ans) jusqu’à la 10e élection présidentielle en 2009, considérée comme un tournant important dans l’histoire politique de la société iranienne. Dans ce travail est étudié pourquoi et comment le mouvement des femmes a émergé en Iran, ainsi que son contexte historique et social ; nous verrons également comment ce mouvement s’est structuré et ses stratégies élaborés, les façons dont ses acteurs ont constitué les éléments d’identité et leur discours pour le changement. Au cours de ses fluctuations, le mouvement des femmes s’est fait connaître et reconnaître par la société iranienne qui a pu absorber le discours sur l’égalité entre les sexes à présent généralisé. Une des victoires du mouvement a été la présentation, sur l’arène mondiale, d’une image positive et vigoureuse des femmes iraniennes d’aujourd’hui en tant que sujets de leur histoire loin des stéréotypes réducteurs de victimes passivesThe women’s movement in Iran emerged from the contradiction between women’s conditions in contant evolution and the reality of the legal and social repression they were subjected to. On one side, female citizens’lives did improve in the fields of education , economy, domestic rights and their participation in public space. Yet they were continually subjected to an increasingly regressive framework constituted by the judiciary, custom and religion New opportunities emerged opposed by escalating social and potical threats, especially for the movement’s activists. Therein lies the paradox: the contradictory movement between progress attempted from below, countered by massive regression enforced from above. Yes these difficult conditions favoured the emergence of the contemporary women’s movement in the Islamic Republic. The actiivists fighting for women’s rights benefitted from comparatively favourable conditions after the Iraq-Iran war and the reform period. The women’s movement was able to extend and establish itself significantly. Despite the increase of threats, and repression following Ahmadinejâd’s access to power in 2005, the movement was able to thrive and its claims spread to the public arena, far more extensively than in earlier times. This doctoral thesis studies the time period which commences with the restarting of women’s militancy which had ceased for eight years during the Iran-Iraq war, ending with the tenth presidential election in 2009, which marked such a dramatic turn in the history of Iranian politics. We shall examine why and how the women’s movement emerged within its social and historical context. The evolution of its strategies, how the militants constituted their collective identity and their discourse in favour of change will be equally discussed. On its bumpy and fluctuating road, this movement acquired a powerful public identity known throughout Iranian society at present ready to absorb the equal gender rights discourse which has since become commonplace. One of the lasting victories of the movement has been to present an alternative image of Iranian women as pro-active fighters for their rights, in sharp contrast with the passive, helpless victimized stereotype
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Abady, Nahid. „Image de la femme musulmane dans les médias français : le cas de la femme iranienne : dans "Le Monde" et "Sud-ouest" (1997-2001)“. Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30033.
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Notre etude a pour objet la representation de la femme musulmane et plus precisement la "femme iranienne" dans le discours de la presse ecrite. Dans un premier temps, la recherche donne un aperÇu general socio-historique voir politique de l'iran. Notre recherche se concentrera sur la condition des iraniennes et sur leur lutte pour l'emancipation. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous avons mis en Œuvre une analyse de presse a la fois quantitative et qualitative. Sur la periode de juin 1997 a decembre 2000, nous avons fait emerger, a travers deux quotidiens : le monde et sud-ouest, l'image de la femme musulmane, et plus particulierement de la femme iranienne. L'association de ces deux approches (une etude socio-historique et une analyse de contenu) explique non seulement les obstacles sur le chemin de l'egalite des sexes, mais aussi l'image de la femme diffusee par la presse. Le voile, presente comme le symbole associe a la femme musulmane, n'est qu'une faÇade " superficielle ", derriere laquelle nous voyons un certains nombre d'elements socio-culturel, economique, politique et lesquels, au final, vont determiner la condition de la femme. A travers notre corpus, nous souhaitons mettre a jour l'impact du contexte politique sur la diffusion des informations et les interpretations qui en decoulent. En effet, les valeurs culturelles et religieuses deviennent les pretextes argumentes a domination. La soumission d'une societe commence par la domination de la femmeThe speech of the written press. Firstly, the research gives a general idea, which is at the same time socio-historical and political of iran. In this part, we will concentrate our study on iranian women, their condition and their fight for the emancipation. Secondly, we have made a quantitative and qualitative press analysis, over the period from june 1997 to december 2000. We made emerge through two daily newspapers: “le monde” and “sud-ouest”, the image of the moslem woman and, more particularly that of the iranian woman. The association of these two approaches (socio-historical study and contents analysis) explains not only the obstacles on the way of the equality of the sexes, but also the image of the woman diffused by the press. Presented like the symbol associated to the moslem woman, the veil is only a superficial aspect or look behind which we see some number of socio-cultural, economical and political elements, which at the end, will determine the condition of the woman. Through our corpus, we wish to update the impact of the political context on the broadcast of information, and the interpretations which result from this. Indeed, the cultural and religious values become the pretexts used to argue the domination. The submissiveness of a society starts with the domination of the woman
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Fouladvind, Leyla. „La femme iranienne dans l'espace public post-révolutionnaire à travers les œuvres des romancières contemporaines (1990-2005)“. Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0009.
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À la croisée de la sociologie, de la littérature et de la condition féminine, cette recherche inter-disciplinaire vise à analyser la condition sociale des femmes en Iran post-révolutionnaire à travers les œuvres de huit romancières contemporaines (F. Aghayi, T. Alavi, F. Hadj Seyyed Djavadi, Ch. Parsipour, Z. Pirzad, M. Ravanipour, P. Sani'i et F. Vafi) au cours de 15 années post-révolutionnaires (1990-2005). L'intérêt porté sur le statut privé de la femme au sein de l'environnement familial qui constitue la première grande partie de la thèse, cherche à mettre en évidence le lien indéniable entre le statut de la femme iranienne dans la sphère privée (familiale, conjugale et intime) et dans l'espace public (urbain, professionnel et social). L'étude détaillée de l'accès des femmes iraniennes à l'espace public (à l'éducation, à l'emploi et à la socialisation), dans la deuxième partie, révèle que la question féminine, avec toutes ses ambivalences, est un enjeu majeur de la démocratisation de la société iranienne. Le champ littéraire ouvre un espace d'expression aux romancières qui en jouant sur le rapport étroit entre la réalité et la fiction, contournent la censure. Diverses dans leurs approches, elles décrivent toutes, la désillusion socio-politique de l'époque post-révolutionnaire. À la fois femmes et écrivaines, ces « intellectuelles intermédiaires » dénoncent l'« oppression inégale » faite aux femmes et nourissent le débat public autour des thèmes emblématiques tels que la démocratie, la liberté individuelle, la tolérance communautaire, etc. Et participent activement à la formation de la société civileRelating to sociology, litterature and women's social status, the goal of this inter-disciplinary research is to analyze the social status of women in post-revolutionary Iran, through the work of eight contemporary novelists (F. Aghayi, T. Alavi, F. Hadj Seyyed Djavadi, Ch. Parsipour, Z. Pirzad, M. Ravanipour, P. Sani'i et F. Vafi) during 15 post-revolutionary years (1990-2005). As the first main part of this thesis, the interest about the private sphere (family, marital and personal privacy) and in the public space (urban, professional and social). In the second part, the detailed study of Iranian women's accessibility to public spaces (to education, to employement and to sozialisation) reveal that the female question, with all its ambivalences, is a major issue in the democratization of the Iranian society. The field of literature opens an area for novelists to express themselves. By playing with the close relationship between reality and fiction they bypass the censorship. With their different approaches, they all describe the socio-political disappointment of the post-revolutionary era. These "intermediate intellectuals", all women and writers, all women and writers at the same time, denounce the "unequal oppression" done against women and nourish the public debate around iconic themes such as democracy, individual freedom, community tolerance, etc. , and actively participate in the education of the civil society
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Ali, Zahra. „Women and Gender in Iraq : between Nation-Building and Fragmentation“. Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0101.
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Cette recherche s'intéresse aux questions de genre et à l'activisme politique des femmes irakiennes, à travers une étude socio-historique de leurs expériences sociales, économiques et politiques depuis la formation de l'État irakien moderne, ainsi qu'une ethnographie détaillée du contexte, de la teneur et du sens politique de leur activisme dans l'Irak post-invasion. Tout au long de cette thèse, j'explore l'activisme politique contemporain des irakiennes en reposant sur une approche socio-historique et intersectionnelle étudiant l'imbrication des questions de genre, de nation, d'État et de religion. Je soutiens ainsi qu'explorer l'activisme politique des femmes nécessite un regard sur la manière dont les questions liées aux femmes et au genre ont été définies historiquement, notamment en fonction des divergentes appréhensions de la nation, de l'évolution de l'État postcolonial, des relations État-société et des différentes compréhensions et expressions de l'islam. En adoptant ce cadre d'analyse complexe socio-historique et intersectionnelle, j'explore ethnographiquement et problématise les notions de droits des femmes, de féminisme, d'activisme politique pour les droits des femmes islamiste ou séculier. Je soutiens ainsi que lier le féminisme postcolonial à l'intersectionnalité à travers une approche socio-historique et ethnographique, permet de dépasser les dichotomies simplistes telles que culture/économie, féminisme/religion, activisme pour les droits des femmes séculier/islamiste et local/global. Je propose d'enraciner le genre, la classe, les relations. État-société, et les appartenances géographiques, ethniques, religieuses et confessionnelles dans leur contextes complexes et multidimensionnels, tout en gardant en vue les structures objectives vectrices d'inégalité comme le colonialisme et l'impérialismeThis research explores gender issues and women's political activism in contemporary Iraq via a socio-historical study of women's social, economic and political experiences since the formation of the modern Iraqi state, as well as a detailed ethnographic account of the context, content, and political significance of post-invasion women's political activism. Throughout this thesis, I explore contemporary Iraqi women's political activism using a socio-historical and intersectional approach, which includes the study of the relationship between gender, nation, state and Islam. I argue that exploring Iraqi women's political activism requires looking at the way gender and women's issues have been socio-historically defined - according to conflicting notions of nationhood, the evolution of the postcolonial state and state-society relations - as well as different understandings and deployments of Islam. In adopting this complex socio-historical and intersectional framework of analysis, I ethnographically explore and problematize notions of women's rights, feminism, Islamist and secular women's rights activism. I propose that linking postcolonial feminism to intersectionality through a socio-historical and ethnographic approach allows one to go beyond simplistic dichotomies - such as culture/economy, feminism/religion, secular/Islamist women's rights activism and local/global. I suggest to ground gender, class, statehood, and geographic, ethnic, religious and sectarian belongings within their complex and multilayered contexts of deployment, while bearing in mind global structures of inequality such as colonialism and imperialism
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Jalali, Shirin. „La construction des rapports masculin-féminin dans la production culturelle du champ intellectuel iranien“. Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0084.
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Cette analyse de la contribution des intellectuel(le)s iranien(ne)s et des revues de langue persane à la réflexion sur la question des femmes et des rapports hommes-femmes s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une réflexion plus générale sur l'évolution de la production culturelle iranienne qui s'appuie sur les travaux de Pierre Bourdieu. Après une analyse des transformations du champ culturel en réponse aux changements politiques, la recherche se concentre sur l'analyse de l'espace des revues et des périodiques. Une étude des thèmes liés aux rapports hommes-femmes (tels que l'actualité, l'histoire, les sciences sociales, le droit, les arts, les amants mythiques, la critique), accompagnée d'études de cas (l'éditorial, ou d'autres rubriques de certaines revues), permet de dessiner le champ intellectuel. A travers la question des femmes et des rapports entre les sexes, cette recherche contribue à une réflexion sur les fausses oppositions comme celles qui s'établissent entre traditionnel et moderne ou entre conservateurs et progressistes, ainsi que la question de l'autonomie et des rapports entre les champs intellectuel, politique et religieuxThis study of the contribution of Iranian intellectuals and Persian-language periodicals to the collective debate on women's issues and gender relations partakes of a broader interest in the evolution of Iranian cultural production drawing on the concepts of Pierre Bourdieu. Following an analysis of the transformations of the field of cultural production in response to political changes, this research centers on an analysis of the space of journal and periodicals. A study of the treatment of themes related to gender relations (in current issues, history, the social sciences, law, the liberal arts, mythical lovers, and critique) is combined with case studies (of editorials or other rubrics in selected periodicals) to map out the Iranian intellectual field. By studying the "woman question" and gender relations, this research contributes to a reflection on the false oppositions such as those between tradition and modernity or between conservatives and proressives, as well as on the question of autonomy in the relations between the intellectual, political and religious fields
Bücher zum Thema "Femmes – Iran – 2000-"
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Keshavarz, Nahid. Les nouveaux féminismes en Iran: Le mouvement des femmes de 1989 à 2009. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2015.
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Bragg, Rick. Jessica Lynch, otage en Irak. Neuilly-sur-Seine: Michel Lafon, 2004.
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Cornell, Drucilla. Defending ideals: War, democracy, and political stuggles. New York: Routledge, 2004.
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Fallgirls: Gender and the framing of torture at Abu Ghraib. Farnham: Ashgate, 2011.
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World report: 2004. New-York: Human rights Watch, 2004.
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Fabienne, Vidallet, Hrsg. Nos faces cachées. Paris: Éditions Robert Laffont, 2015.
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Eager, Paige Whaley. Waging Gendered Wars: U. S. Military Women in Afghanistan and Iraq. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Eager, Paige Whaley. Waging Gendered Wars: U. S. Military Women in Afghanistan and Iraq. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Eager, Paige Whaley. Waging Gendered Wars: U. S. Military Women in Afghanistan and Iraq. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Eager, Paige Whaley. Waging Gendered Wars: U. S. Military Women in Afghanistan and Iraq. Ashgate Publishing Company, 2014.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Femmes – Iran – 2000-"
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Scherrer, Matthias, Erwin Hauser und Rudolf Scheidl. „Simulation Study of Permanent Magnetic Actuation for a Hydraulic Valve With Hysteresis Response Behavior“. In BATH/ASME 2020 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2020-2724.
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Abstract For the realization of compact and lightweight digital hydraulic cylinder drives for exoskeleton actuation the hydraulic binary counter concept was proposed. This counter principle is based on hydraulically piloted switching valves which feature a hysteretic response with respect to the pilot pressure. In first prototypes of that counter bistable mechanical buckling beams realized the hysteretic response. Their performance suffered from high friction in the hinges and high local stresses. Furthermore, they require tight manufacturing tolerances not only of themselves but also of their bearing structure. In this paper, the usage of a permanent magnet concept to realize the hysteresis function in an alternative way is studied. The valve spool is made of a ferromagnetic material and is attracted or repelled by a permanent magnet made of a Neodymium-Iron-Bor. The expected benefits are lower friction, lower demands on manufacturing tolerances, and an easier assembly of the valve. To find an advantageous embodiment of this functioning principle ring or disc shaped magnets of different sizes are analyzed. The magnetic forces exhibited by these different magnetic circuit designs are simulated with the Magnetic Finite Element code ‘FEMM’. The quasi-static magnetic forces at different spool positions are computed. Magnetic saturation and remanence are considered in this analysis. The aim is to achieve the required force on the piston and, thus, ensure the valve’s functionality. At the same time, however, the valve should be designed as compact and light as possible. The Finite element simulations are compared with an analytical model which provides a compact understanding of the influence of the design parameters on the functional and non functional performance criteria.