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O’g’li, Siddiqov Sardorbek Zafarjon. „Types of Adolescent Fears“. European Journal of Higher Education and Academic Advancement 1, Nr. 1 (01.05.2023): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.61796/ejheaa.v1i1.41.
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Fear is a natural and useful companion throughout life. The study attempts to identify the fears of 15-year-olds. Fear of losing someone, fear of someone/something is the top category, followed by fear of death and worry about friends and family. Common fears come in second place, represented by fear of failure and fear of the future. The third largest category is the category of school-related fears. Differences in the emergence of fear are discussed depending on gender and developmental stage.
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Papenfuss, Inka, und Brian D. Ostafin. „A preliminary comparison of fundamental fears related to anxiety“. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 12, Nr. 2 (01.04.2021): 204380872110076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20438087211007601.
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In the quest to uncover lower order processes that underlie anxiety disorders, researchers have proposed a number of fundamental fears, which are thought to represent fears of inherently aversive stimuli that can explain a number of higher order constructs such as more specific fears. In a recent theoretical article, Carleton narrowed the list of potential fundamental fears down to three candidates: fear of death, fear of pain, and fear of the unknown. Carleton proposes that fear of the unknown represents the primary fundamental fear, suggesting that unlike the other two, fear of the unknown is inherently aversive and logically irreducible. The present study represents an initial empirical investigation of this hypothesis. In a cross-sectional study ( N = 373), fear of death, fear of pain, and fear of the unknown were assessed as simultaneous predictors of anxiety. Results showed that fear of the unknown was indeed the strongest unique predictor, while fear of pain also uniquely predicted anxiety, although to a lesser extent. While the results suggest that fear of the unknown may indeed be the most fundamental fear, the need for conceptual clarification and empirical work using diverse measures is discussed.
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Smolyarchuk, Inessa V., Ekaterina D. Safonova und Angelina S. Ivkina. „Features of fears expression among preschool children“. Psychological-Pedagogical Journal GAUDEAMUS, Nr. 47 (2021): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-231x-2021-20-1(47)-94-100.
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The emotional sphere is significant for the mental and social development of preschool children. We consider the main causes of children’s fears; the role of parents in their appearance and consolidation. We analyze the features of actual fears in preschool children with mental retardation and normative development. The empirical study (the ascertaining stage) was performed on a sample of 31 subjects (6–7 years old) using diagnostic tools such as: technique of “Choosing the Most Terrible Picture” (T. V. Lavrentiev), test “Fears in Houses” (modified by M.A. Panfilova), projective method “My Family”. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results allowed to identify 6 groups of dominant fears among preschool children: medical fears (fear of doctors, injections, blood, getting sick, getting infected), night fears (fear of being alone, terrible dreams, darkness), fear of natural disasters (fear of storms, hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, war, fire), specific fears (fear of darkness, height, depth, confined space, pain), social fears (fear of being late, parents, punishment, large areas), fear for their own lives and the lives of parents.
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Meierbachtol, Adam, Michael Obermeier, William Yungtum, John Bottoms, Eric Paur, Bradley J. Nelson, Marc Tompkins, Hayley C. Russell und Terese L. Chmielewski. „Injury-Related Fears During the Return-to-Sport Phase of ACL Reconstruction Rehabilitation“. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, Nr. 3 (01.03.2020): 232596712090938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120909385.
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Background: Fear of reinjury is common after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and often deters a return to preinjury sport participation. A better understanding of injury-related fear is needed to inform rehabilitation strategies. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to (1) identify individual fear-evoking tasks or situations, (2) compare the intensity and amount of change relative to other injury-related fears (reinjury, knee giving way, and knee pain) after completion of a return-to-sport training program, and (3) determine whether standardized questionnaires can identify the intensity of fear for the individual fear-evoking task or situation and for fear of reinjury. The hypothesis was that the task or situation that evokes fear would vary across patients and the intensity of that fear would be higher and show less change after return-to-sport training compared with other injury-related fears. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Participants included 33 patients (15 males; mean age, 18 years) with ACLR who enrolled in a group-format return-to-sport training program. Questionnaires completed before and after return-to-sport training included items to specify fear-evoking tasks or situations, items to rate the intensity of various injury-related fears, the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport after Injury scale (ACL-RSI), and the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11). Results: The most common fear-evoking task or situation was cutting, followed by contact, jumping, and other. Intensity of fear-evoking task or situation was higher than other injury-related fears, but all fears decreased in intensity after training. The ACL-RSI score better identified the intensity of fear for the individual fear-evoking task or situation and for fear of reinjury than did the TSK-11 score. Conclusion: Activities that evoke fear vary across patients, but fear of cutting is common. The intensity of common fears after ACLR decreased after advanced group training, and large effect sizes were seen for nearly all examined fears. Fear of reinjury and intensity of individually feared tasks may be better reflected in the ACL-RSI score than the TSK-11 score.
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Díez González, María del Carmen, und Rafael Marcos Sánchez. „The impact of fear in the post covid era“. Journal of Neurology & Stroke 11, Nr. 6 (13.12.2021): 186–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jnsk.2021.11.00484.
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Feeling fear is involuntary, as it is often unconscious. However, there are other faces of fear that we can recognize and that are familiar to us. We go from real fears to unreal fears, from present fears to projective fears that are reinforced and mutate into other more complex situations that further reinforce our fear. The more we reinforce these thoughts the stronger our fear becomes. So, what is feeding our fear? How do we react to fear? Is it the desire to dodge the blow, to strike back, to attack it? Fear is a very powerful mechanism that should only be activated in dangerous situations. If we use fear for educational purposes we will project very deep blockages in the new generations. However, when we recognize and accompany the thoughts and impulses generated by fear, they become silent. Once silenced, they are no longer activated unconsciously. Therefore, if we look at what is happening, consciously, "without judgement" it will facilitate our journey towards our true SELF. The EmocionaTFamilia program invites us to accompany our path "lightly and at the right time". Change is simple, the lesson is the opposite of what we have learned.
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Burkhardt, Käthe, Helene Loxton und Peter Muris. „Fears and Fearfulness in South-African Children“. Behaviour Change 20, Nr. 2 (01.06.2003): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.20.2.94.24837.
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AbstractThe present study examined common childhood fears in 9- to 13-year-old South-African children (N = 404) from white, coloured, and black cultural groups. Fears were assessed by means of two methods — the fear list method and the Fear Survey Schedule for Children-Revised (FSSC-R). Results showed that fear rank orders as obtained with the fear list method were quite different from those derived from the FSSC-R. Furthermore, clear differences in fear levels were found among the three cultural groups. More specifically, coloured and black South-African children displayed significantly higher fear levels than white children. Finally, differences were also found as to the content of prevalent fears in the three cultural groups. For example, common fears in coloured and black children were more frequently related to violence than in white children.
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Kendler, K. S., C. O. Gardner, P. Annas und P. Lichtenstein. „The development of fears from early adolesence to young adulthood: a multivariate study“. Psychological Medicine 38, Nr. 12 (25.02.2008): 1759–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708002936.
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BackgroundCommon fears change over development. Genetic and environmental risk factors for fears are partly shared across fears and partly fear-specific. The nature of the changes in common and fear-specific genetic and environmental risk factors over time is unknown.MethodSelf-reported fears were obtained at ages 13–14, 16–17 and 19–20 from 2404 twins in the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development. A multivariate longitudinal twin analysis was conducted with Mx.ResultsEighteen individual items formed four fear factors: animal, blood-injury, situational, and social. The best-fit model had no quantitative or qualitative sex effects or shared environmental effects, but included a strong common factor with a stable cross-time structure with highest loadings on situational and lowest loadings on social fears. New common and fear-specific genetic risk factors emerged over development. With increasing age, genetic effects declined in overall importance and became more fear-specific. Cross-time continuity in specific genetic effects was highest for animal and lowest for social fears. Social fears had a ‘burst’ of specific genetic effects in late adolescence. Individual-specific environmental factors impacted both on the general fear factor and on specific fears. Compared to genetic effects, the impact of the unique environment was more time-specific.ConclusionsGenetic and environmental risk factors for individual fears are partly mediated through a common fear factor and are partly fear-specific in their effect. The developmental pattern of these risk factors is complex and dynamic with new common and specific genetic effects arising in late adolescence and early adulthood.
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Lipp, Annalisa, Xiao Chi Zhang, Ekrem Dere und Armin Zlomuzica. „The role of self-efficacy in specific fears“. PLOS ONE 18, Nr. 3 (24.03.2023): e0283660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283660.
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Low self-efficacy for threatening stimuli and situations has been proposed as an important etiological factor in the development and maintenance of specific phobias. The present study examined the relationships between general self-efficacy (GSE), specific self-efficacy (SSE) and specific fears in a representative sample (n = 717). While GSE was associated with higher self-reported fear and avoidance, SSE (e.g. SSE in the presence of animal-related fear) was more related to specific fears. SSE turned out to be a significant predictor of specific fear even after controlling for trait anxiety, age and gender. Interestingly, the association between SSE and specific fear differed across the different fear categories. Fear and avoidance of blood/injection/injuries showed the highest associations with SSE. In contrast, the association between natural environment-related fear and avoidance and GSE or SSE together was only modest. Exploratory analyses revealed a gender-specific effect on the strength of the association between SSE and specific fears. Women scored higher in animal-related fears and SSE. Our findings support the self-efficacy hypothesis of anxiety disorder development and provide a more detailed insight into the role of GSE and SSE in specific fears and phobias.
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Gorkovaya, Irina Alekseyevna. „Fears among children and overcoming them“. Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 5, Nr. 3 (15.09.2014): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped53128-133.
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The article examines the fears of children, which are divided into three following groups: the “instinctive” fears (fear of death, death of relatives, fear of doctors, injections, etc.), fears of “interpersonal relations” (fear of being late, did not catch, fear of inability to cope with feelings, fear of disapproval from peers, etc.) and “technological” fears (fear of fire, fly a plane, explosions, etc.). According to the research of 2008- 2011, almost all children revealed a fear of losing their parents. Change is observed in the content side: children 4-6 years were afraid of losing their parents because parents provide their lives. The perception of parents is changing at the age of 7-9 years and children realize love for them, in 10-11 years signs of the partnership and its value appear. Also the fear of school can be attributed like one of the most frequent fears in children and adolescents. The results of our study showed that almost every third child in the preschool group does not want to go to school and / or nega-tively assesses its educational opportunities. Number of school fears decreases with age and in early adolescence 11-12 years is about 20 %. The article contains a description of such ways to overcome fears as: creation of conditions to transfer interactions and feelings on the toy to defuse a tension; drawing as a way of expressing positive and negative emotions; a variety of fairy tales including in the form metaphors of the life path; parent’s ability to control the amount of crisis situations in children using the Diary of a gradual change of the child problematic behaviour and etc. The study examined the phenomenon of “no fear” in children, which has been found in almost every tenth child. Discusses its possible causes and negative sides.
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Gullone, Eleonora. „Developmental Psychopathology and Normal Fear“. Behaviour Change 13, Nr. 3 (September 1996): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900004927.
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This paper reviews the extensive research examining developmental patterns in normal fear. Areas of focus include age, gender, and socioeconomic status differences in fear content, prevalence, and intensity. The structure and stability/duration of normal fears are also discussed. Finally, the crosscultural research in this area is reviewed. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies indicate that fear decreases in prevalence and intensity with age. There are also major changes in the content of normal fear over the course of development. Such changes are characterised by a transition from infant fears which are related to immediate, concrete, and prepotent stimuli, and which are largely noncognitive, to fears of late childhood and adolescence which are related to anticipatory, abstract, and more global stimuli and events. Fears of late childhood and adolescence are also more cognitive. One of the prominent themes during these years is social evaluation. It is noteworthy that fears have been demonstrated to be largely transitory in nature, decreasing significantly in number and intensity over time and with maturation. Future research into normal fear should more closely examine the validity of current assessment techniques. There is also a need for research into the developmental correlates of fear, including individual differences and affective environmental experiences. In particular, research examining the correlates of normal fear within a developmental psychopathology framework is recommended.
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Öhman, Arne, und Susan Mineka. „Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear learning.“ Psychological Review 108, Nr. 3 (2001): 483–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.483.
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Kates, Jeannette. „Self-Reported Fears by Hospice Patients at the End of Life“. Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (01.12.2020): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.795.
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Abstract Fear is a common emotion that involves the intense anticipation of threat to a person. At end of life, this fear is often conceptualized as existential distress, which suggests a connection to spirituality. Processing impending death is essential to end-of-life closure and acceptance. Existing evidence suggests that spirituality is associated with greater coping, better psychosocial well-being, and dignified dying; however, the relationship between fear and spirituality at end of life, as well as the specific fears experienced, are not known. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between fear and spirituality in patients upon hospice admission. In this retrospective study, admission records from 154 hospice patients were reviewed. Hospice admission data from the psychosocial and spiritual assessments were analyzed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, and logistic regression. The average patient age was 81 years of age. A slight majority (51.3%) of patients admitted to fears upon hospice admission. Patients reported a range of one to six fears, with the most common fear being “pain and/or suffering.” Forty-seven percent of the patients identified as being “spiritually active.” Correlation analysis revealed no statistically significant relationship between fear and spiritually. Logistic regression analysis revealed some significant relationships between age and certain fears. Fear is a common symptom at the end of life, and appropriate emotional and psychological support should be provided to mitigate the fears. This study suggests that fears may be different for older adults.
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Pape, Hans-Christian. „Fear and Fear Memory“. German Research 38, Nr. 2 (September 2016): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/germ.201690020.
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Wilcox, Pamela, Carol E. Jordan und Adam J. Pritchard. „Fear of Acquaintance Versus Stranger Rape as a “Master Status”: Towards Refinement of the “Shadow of Sexual Assault”“. Violence and Victims 21, Nr. 3 (Juni 2006): 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.21.3.355.
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Using a sample of 1,010 women from a southeastern state university, we explore whether associations between fear of sexual assault and other crime-specific fears vary based on presumed victim-offender relationship. More specifically, we assess the extent to which fear of stranger- and acquaintance-perpetrated sexual assaults differ in the extent to which they are correlated with fear of other crime victimizations. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that both fear of stranger-perpetrated sexual assault and fear of acquaintance-perpetrated sexual assault were positively associated with nearly all other crime-specific fears under examination. However, associations were particularly strong between fear of sexual assault by a stranger and fear of other stranger-perpetrated crimes. Findings have significant implications for how academic institutions should comprehensively address direct and indirect negative influences of violence against college women.
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Barinov, Dmitrii Nikolaevich. „Political power and fear: dialectics of interpenetration“. Социодинамика, Nr. 5 (Mai 2021): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7144.2021.5.33839.
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This article is dedicated to the problem of fear as a phenomenon of political power and dominance-subordination relations. The theoretical-methodological framework for the analysis of correlation between fear and political power is comprised of the works of Russian and foreign philosophers and sociologists (O. Comte, H. Spencer, T. Parsons, N. Luhmann, E. Shils, A. S. Panarin, and other.). The author examines such phenomenon as the fear of punishment, the peculiarities of occurrence of fear in the conditions of total control over citizens under despotic and democratic political regime, in the situation of destruction of the government. Characteristic is given to the fears of politicians (personal fears, fear of losing power, fear of democracy). Based on the theoretical models along with attracted historical and statistical material, it is demonstrated that fear is an inevitable side effect of any power that tends to conservation of the existing model of relations between the government and society. The article provides a new interpretation of the idea of the supporters of psychoanalysis on channeling the fears of politicians onto the population. It is underlined that in the current conditions, it is not so much the fears of the political elite, as on converting them into a governing technique. The latter conceals the true concerns of the political elite, as well as displaces the moods of discontent and social tension, turning them into fear towards the objects developed in the information field.
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Merckelbach, Harald, Marcel A. Van Den Hout und G. Margo Van Der Molen. „Fear of Animals: Correlations between Fear Ratings and Perceived Characteristics“. Psychological Reports 60, Nr. 3_part_2 (Juni 1987): 1203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294187060003-240.1.
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Seligman (1971) proposed that, as a result of evolutionary processes, there is a genetic predisposition or preparedness to fear certain animals (e.g., snakes and spiders). Experimental and clinical studies have confirmed the notion of prepared fears of animals. Do prepared fears pertain to complete memory representations of these animals or are they related to specific, salient qualities that subjects attribute to these animals? A questionnaire designed to measure fear and avoidance of 30 small animals was administered to one group of 155 students while the characteristics of these animals (e.g., visual appearance, suddenness of movement, speediness) were rated by a second group of 116 students. For fear and avoidance as well as the perceived characteristics dimensions the animals were ranked on the basis of the scores that were given to them by the subjects. Spearman rank correlations of self-reported fear and avoidance with perceived characteristics were significant. This result suggests that subjects are prepared to associate fear not with complete representations of animals but with specific characteristics attributed to these animals.
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Mocanu, Viorica. „Exploring fear from a psychodramatic perspective“. Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Seria Științe ale Educației, Nr. 9(169) (Februar 2024): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/sum9(169)2024_38.
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The article presents an attempt to describe the phenomenon of fear from a psychodramatic perspective. The perception of fear as an innate component of the psyche and as a phenomenon shaped by learning, experience and its cognitive processing is deciphered, very briefly outlining the criteria for classifying fear. Factors that provoke fear are elucidated, namely congenital triggers, social internalization of sources of danger and personal experience, as well as fear avoidance reactions, in particular avoidance of the experience of shame. The adaptive function of fear and that of understanding the self and one`s own picture of the world are specified. Fears based on a realistic assessment of situations and imaginary ones are delimited; the difficulties in identifying the causes of illusory fears and the ways of working with this kind of fears. The need for psychotherapeutic interventions in managing this emotion and freeing oneself from its consequences is highlighted, giving a concrete example of how psychodrama explores, through roleplaying, the individual`s relationship with his/her own fear and awareness of the causes of its occurrence. All this emphasizes the need to develop internal resources, creativity and spontaneity, the ability to communicate and build relationships, the capacity for operational self-regulation, which make it possible to generate solutions in unusual and extreme situations, in order to face challenges and avoid psychological trauma caused by various fears.
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Lantta, T., M. Anttila, J. Varpula und M. Välimäki. „Experiences of fear in hospital settings from the perspectives of mental health service users and informal caregivers“. European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S126—S127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.355.
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IntroductionIn the literature, service users and informal caregivers have been critical towards psychiatric inpatient care. However, little is known about their fears related to hospital care.ObjectivesWe describe service users’ and informal caregivers’ experiences of fear in psychiatric hospital settings.MethodsThe data were collected from seven mental health associations located in six Finnish cities. Focus group interviews (f=8) were conducted (2015–2016) with service users (n=20) and informal caregivers (n=15), and were guided to focus on violence and challenging situations in psychiatric care. In a secondary analysis, experiences of fear were extracted from the transcriptions and analyzed using inductive content analysis.ResultsBoth groups’ experiences of fear focused on themes related to staff, treatment and fellow patients. Additionally, service users had experiences of fear related to the hospital environment. Fears related to staff involved intimidating personnel using force or acting in threatening ways. Participants also described staff seemingly being afraid of patients and care givers. Three types of fears related to treatment were described: fear of not being admitted to hospital even if needed, fear of being admitted to hospital, and fear of coercive methods used in care. Fear of fellow patients involved being afraid of aggressive, unpredictable behaviors, which could cause, e.g., a lack of sleep at night for service users. Fears related to the environment itself were also discussed.ConclusionsBeing hospitalized can be a difficult experience for service users and informal caregivers. These results can help psychiatric healthcare staff acknowledge areas in care that may potentially cause feelings of fear.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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GONCHARENKO, Inna. „EVERYDAY FEARS OF THE ORTHODOX POPULATION ON UKRAINIAN LANDS AS A REFLECTION OF DAILY ROUTINE IN EARLY MODERN TIMES“. Skhid, Nr. 2(3) (27.12.2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2021.2(3).244792.
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The article highlights a little-studied problem of role of fears in the everyday life of Orthodox believers in the Ukrainian lands of the second half of the 16th – 17th centuries. It is noted that in the early modern period, the society suffered from an outbreak of violence, and this influenced the formation of the atmosphere of fear among the population. The types of fears from which the society suffered the most are analyzed on an example of most typical cases: fear of war and violence, illness, mutilation, premature death, fear of armed people, foreign invaders and representatives of other denominations. In addition to these objective fears, Orthodox society felt irrational ones, the greatest of which was to sin. To a large extent, everyday life of the Orthodox was characterized by fear of the Last Judgment and Hell, Evil Spirits. Fears inherent in a modern man, manifested in everyday life of an orthodox man of the 16th - 17th centuries much stronger due to much more dangerous living conditions. Fear was a characteristic feature of everyday life in the early modern Orthodox society.
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Serim-Yıldız, Begüm, Özgür Erdur-Baker und Aslı Bugay. „The Common Fears and Their Origins Among Turkish Children and Adolescents“. Behaviour Change 30, Nr. 3 (12.08.2013): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2013.18.
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The present study aimed to investigate the common fears and their origins among children and adolescents from different age, gender, and socioeconomic levels (SES). The sample was comprised of 642 females (48.8%) and 673 males (51.2%) with a total of 1,315 participants aged between 8 and 18 (M = 13.15; SD = 3.18). The Fear interview was utilised to examine the common fears and the role of conditioning, modelling and negative information in the development of children's fears. The result showed that the most common fear in Turkey was ‘God’, followed by ‘losing my friends’ and ‘going to Hell’. In addition, the findings revealed that Turkish students are more likely to learn fears by modelling rather than negative information transmission and conditioning. The results also indicated that negative information transmission had a more intensifying effect on the children and adolescents’ existing fear rather than modelling and conditioning. Furthermore, multinomial logistic regression was conducted to examine the effects of age, gender and SES on the origins of fear. Results showed that age and gender were significant predictors of origins of fear.
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Timmers, Rian, und Per van der Wijst. „Images as anti-smoking fear appeals“. Information Design Journal 15, Nr. 1 (25.04.2007): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/idj.15.1.04tim.
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The research questions in this study were: Is a fear appeal more effective in persuading a target group when it capitalizes on fears that live within that target group, and what role do emotions play in the persuasion process? In an experiment, the effects of capitalizing on fears within a target group of teenagers are studied. Furthermore, the role of smoking behavior on the persuasive power of fear appeals is taken into account. The results indicate that capitalizing on genuine fears did not result in more effective fear appeals. Emotions, however, play an important role in the persuasion process.
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Nistor, Petronela Polixenia, und Oana-Andreea Neagu. „Fear - an Essential Characteristic of Recent Times“. Logos Universality Mentality Education Novelty: Social Sciences 13, Nr. 1 (15.04.2024): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumenss/13.1/100.
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Current sociological and psychological research tends to consider fear as an essential feature of recent times, an omnipresent phenomenon of contemporary society that influences individual and collective behaviors in different fields. This theoretical analysis explores the various aspects of fear in modern society, with a focus on key concepts such as fear culture, fear sociology, liquid fear, terrorist threat, and fear of freedom. The main objective of this theoretical analysis/research/documentation is to become the theoretical framework for further research on fears and threats in a modern society.
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Plamper, Jan. „Fear: Soldiers and Emotion in Early Twentieth-Century Russian Military Psychology“. Slavic Review 68, Nr. 2 (2009): 259–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27697958.
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This article provides an analysis of the locus of fear in military psychology in late imperial Russia. After the Russo-Japanese War and the 1905 Revolution, the debate coalesced around two poles: “realists” (such as the military psychiatrist Grigorii Shumkov) argued that fear was natural, while “romantics” upheld the image of constitutionally fearless soldiers. Jan Plamper begins by identifying the advent of modern warfare (foreshadowed by the Crimean War) and its engendering of more and different fears as a key cause for a dramatic increase in fear-talk among Russia's soldiers. He links these fears to literature, which offered—most prominentiy in Lev Tolstoi's Sevastopol Sketches (1855)—some of the vocabulary soldiers could use to express their fears. Mikhail Dragomirov's fear-centered military theory during the Great Reforms was the next milestone. Plamper closes by sketching the history of fear after World War I, from Iosif Stalin's penal battalions to the rehabilitation of military psychology under Nikita Khrushchev and beyond.
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Odintsova, Oхana Yu. „Fear of pregnancy and childbirth in women and men: gender aspects and parenting experience“. Vestnik of Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics 27, Nr. 3 (23.12.2021): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2021-27-3-99-105.
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The article discusses the fear of pregnancy and childbirth as a multidimensional subjective phenomenon. It is noted that the fear of pregnancy and childbirth is a phenomenon associated not only with the period of expectation of a child and (or) preparation for childbirth, but also with existential experience that arises in the subject outside of partnership and the context of procreation, which is recorded from fertile age. However, pregnancy contributes to the understanding and concretisation of this fear in both partners. The sources of fear of pregnancy and childbirth are extensive. At the same time, in Russian literature, the interpretational aspects of fear are revealed mainly in the female sample. An empirical study was carried out to in-depth study of the fear of pregnancy and childbirth as a female and male problem and its dependence on parenting experience or prospects (n=141). The results demonstrate that fear of pregnancy and childbirth is present in both women and men and does not depend on the life context. The content of the main female and male fears is identical, but the female fear of pregnancy and childbirth is more pronounced and structured. The unified fears for women and men are revealed. However, this fear is more pronounced in subjects without experience of pregnancy and parenting.
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Moran, Emma, Carmel Bradshaw, Teresa Tuohy und Maria Noonan. „The Paternal Experience of Fear of Childbirth: An Integrative Review“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 3 (29.01.2021): 1231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031231.
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Background: It is estimated that approximately 13% of expectant fathers experience a pathological and debilitating fear of childbirth. Objective: The aim of this integrative review was to examine and synthesise the current body of research relating to paternal experience of fear of childbirth. Methods: A systematic literature search of five databases—CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PsycArticles and PsycInfo—identified seventeen papers. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool. Results: Thematic data analysis identified three themes: the focus of fathers’ childbirth-related fears, the impact of fear of childbirth on health and wellbeing, and fear of childbirth as a private burden. Discussion: Fear of childbirth is a significant and distressing experience for expectant fathers who may benefit from an opportunity to express their childbirth-related fears in an environment where they feel validated and supported. Antenatal education is recommended to enhance fathers’ childbirth-related self-efficacy to reduce fear of childbirth. Conclusions: Fear of childbirth may negatively impact the lives of men and consequently their families. Further investigation into methods and models for identifying and supporting men at risk of or experiencing fear of childbirth is required to improve outcomes for this population of men.
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Clark, Julie. „Fear in Fear-of-crime“. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 10, Nr. 2 (Juni 2003): 267–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/pplt.2003.10.2.267.
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Hansberg, Olbeth. „Miedo e incertidumbre“. Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 26, Nr. 76-77 (07.01.1994): 155–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.1994.942.
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Fear and Uncertainty discusses Robert Gordon’s thesis according to which fear is an epistemic —as opposed to factive— emotion inasmuch as S’s fearing p requires S’s being uncertain whether p or ∼p, and also requires that the uncertainty implicit in fearing be of a non-deliberative or ‘external’ kind.
Hansberg argues against both parts of this thesis, which purports to offer part of the structure of the emotion of fear. First, she says, Gordon cannot account for those cases of weakness of the will in which an agent fears that when the moment comes he himself will not act upon his own previous purpose. So an external uncertainty proves to be not so essential a requisite.
Now, what about the uncertainty, whatever its form, condition? Hansberg finds several examples in which someone fears p even though he actually is certain that p (when one fears, forexample, a medical treatment known to be painful, or when one fears one’s own inminent death, say, by suicide). She also argues against Gordon’s distinction between propositional fearsand mere ‘states of fear’ with no semantic content, and disapproves of his inclusion of certain fears —like fear of a violent death, fear of injury to oneself, and many phobias— in the lattercategory. Those supposedly non-propositional states can, and often do, give rise to propositional states and intentional actions; so Gordon would have to explain how this is possible: some of those supposedly mere states of fear need a place in an explanationby- reasons scheme.
Finally, Hansberg claims that all fears do have a propositional structure, even though some fears have it in a concealed way. So, for example, if someone is afraid of death, he is afraid that he will die young, or that he will go to hell, and so on. Thus it is always possible to find propositional contents for fears which apparently have none, although in some cases this might be a difficult task.
[Laura Lecuona]
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Sagar, Sam S., und Joachim Stoeber. „Perfectionism, Fear of Failure, and Affective Responses to Success and Failure: The Central Role of Fear of Experiencing Shame and Embarrassment“. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 31, Nr. 5 (Oktober 2009): 602–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.31.5.602.
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This study investigated how aspects of perfectionism in athletes (N = 388) related to the fears of failure proposed by Conroy et al. (2002), and how perfectionism and fears of failure predicted positive and negative affect after imagined success and failure in sports competitions. Results showed that perfectionistic personal standards showed a negative relationship with fear of experiencing shame and embarrassment and a positive relationship with positive affect after success, whereas perfectionistic concern over mistakes and perceived parental pressure showed a positive relationship with fear of experiencing shame and embarrassment and with negative affect after failure. Moreover, fear of experiencing shame and embarrassment fully mediated the relationship between perfectionistic concern and negative affect and between coach pressure and negative affect. The findings demonstrate that fear of experiencing shame and embarrassment is central in the relationship between perfectionism and fear of failure, and that perfectionistic concern about mistakes and perceived coach pressure are aspects of perfectionism that predict fear of experiencing shame and embarrassment and negative affect after failure.
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Prokopyeva, Marina Yuryevna, und Viktor Olegovich Blynsky. „Man and His Existential Fears in Pictures of the World“. Общество: философия, история, культура, Nr. 9 (25.09.2020): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2020.9.8.
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The paper attempts a philosophical and anthropo-logical interpretation of fear. Fear is viewed from a historical perspective, i. e. in changing world pic-tures (mythological, religious, philosophical, scien-tific), existential fears are highlighted accordingly, which are represented as fear of time, fear of space, fear of the loss of Self, fear of the incomprehensibil-ity of life. In each of the forms of existential fear, the emphasis is on its rational and irrational aspects. In the mythological tradition, this is primarily a fear of returning to Chaos or a fear of time. The philosophi-cal picture of the world attempts to structure space, thereby establishing certain boundaries (ontological and axiological) that cause a person to fear space. In the religious picture of the world, there is a shift in emphasis on the person of Almighty God, there is a fear of losing one’s self. In the scientific picture of the world, there is a fear of the incomprehensibility of life. There is a fear of your thoughts, because you lose control over space, time and life.
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Hugo, Pierre. „Towards Darkness and Death: Racial Demonology in South Africa“. Journal of Modern African Studies 26, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1988): 567–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0001538x.
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Many students of human relations in South Africa would probably agree that an understanding of the policy of racial separation and the general determination of whites not to yield power to the black majority necessitates an awareness of their fears. The importance of this factor can hardly be overlooked, especially if it is defined broadly along the lines suggested by Philip Mason in his succinct study of racial tensions around the globe: There are fears of all kinds… There is the vague and simple fear of something strange and unknown, there is the very intelligible fear of unemployment, and the fear of being outvoted by people whose way of life is quite different. There are fears for the future and memories of fear in the past, fears given an extra edge by class conflict, by a sense of guilt, by sex and conscience… Fear may also act as a catalytic agent, changing the nature of factors previously not acutely malignant, such as the association in metaphor of the ideas of white and black with good and evil… Where the dominant are in the minority they are surely more frightened.1
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Mikhanova, Elizaveta V., und Nadezhda A. Tsvetkova. „Fears of 18–30-Year-Olds in Moscow and the Moscow Region in the Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Periods“. Uchenye Zapiski RGSU 20, Nr. 1 (30.03.2021): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-5323-2021-20-1-85-95.
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The article contains the results of a study conducted at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020) and after the abolition of self-isolation (July-August 2020) with the participation of 80 residents of Moscow and the Moscow region who joined the VKontakte social network group (40 men and 40 women aged 18–30). Applied: 1) ISAS questionnaire Yu. Scherbatykh and E. Ivleva, with the help of which the hierarchical structure of the actual fears of the subjects was studied; 2) V. Levy’s method (C-test); 3) multidimensional functional diagnosis of fear (DS). It is shown that at the peak of the pandemic, the male and female samples were dominated by fears of the consequences of the illness of loved ones, the illness of loved ones, and getting sick. At the same time, men were diagnosed with more pronounced fears of responsibility, as well as fears related to sexual function, and aggression towards loved ones; the female sample was distinguished by fears of spiders and snakes, for the heart, “exams”, war, confined spaces, depth, and public speaking. After the lifting of the quarantine in the male and female samples in the hierarchy of fears continued to lead the same fear; the intensity of fears decreased in both samples, however, women were more severe than in men, with increased additional parameters experiences of fear; women found to have a high sensitivity to the parameter “Effects of fear” – they have longer to recover and enter into the usual rhythm of life after the alarming situations of everyday life. The three most “active” fears are noted, the study of which will contribute to this: 1) fear of getting sick; 2) fear of aggression in relationships with loved ones (especially important for young men); 3) mental instability.
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Rogers, Richard. „Do you want to go for a ride on the chunnel? The British public understandings of the Channel Tunnel meet the Eurotunnel Exhibition Centre“. Public Understanding of Science 4, Nr. 4 (Oktober 1995): 363–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/4/4/003.
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As readers of British newspapers know very well, the Channel Tunnel has a long history and a potent mythology. The mere mention of the Tunnel summons associations extending from the technological and ecological to the patriotic and erotic. This paper takes up the historical and contemporary meanings of the Channel Tunnel and situates them in the context of its perceived `social threat'. Drawing on a variety of materials, including newspaper articles, cartoons, plays, fiction and museum displays, the paper deals with four types of ominous fears of the Tunnel: fear of (subterranean) invasion; fear of the end of the island race and splendid isolation; fear of the destruction of the countryside and the country life in the `Garden of England'; and fear of sudden, violent death caused by rabies, fire, flooding or terrorist attack. Laden with concerns about the Tunnel, the author (like members of the British public have done) takes a trip to the Eurotunnel Exhibition Centre in Folkestone, England, to hear Eurotunnel's arguments about the Tunnel. In all, Eurotunnel exhibitors either ignore or recast concerns about the Channel Tunnel, leaving the visitor with the impression that, while the Channel Tunnel was an engineering feat unprecedented in history, a trip through the Tunnel will be a non-event.
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Tsarpalis-Fragkoulidis, Achilleas, Rahel Lea van Eickels und Martina Zemp. „Please Don’t Compliment Me! Fear of Positive Evaluation and Emotion Regulation—Implications for Adolescents’ Social Anxiety“. Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, Nr. 20 (11.10.2022): 5979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11205979.
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In recent years, fear of positive evaluation has emerged as one of the key aspects of social anxiety, alongside fear of negative evaluation. Fears of evaluation intensify during adolescence, a time when individuals are expected to navigate new, emotionally challenging situations. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between social anxiety, fear of positive and negative evaluation, and three emotion regulation strategies relevant to social anxiety, i.e., suppression, acceptance, and rumination. To this end, data were collected from 647 adolescents via an online survey and analyzed using structural equation modeling. We found that fear of negative evaluation was significantly related to rumination, whereas fear of positive evaluation was significantly and negatively related to acceptance. We further found an indirect effect of social anxiety on suppression via fear of positive evaluation and acceptance in a serial mediation and an indirect effect of social anxiety on rumination via fear of negative evaluation. Not only do fears of positive and negative evaluation appear to be distinct constructs, but they are also differentially associated with three emotion regulation strategies pertinent to social anxiety. Fear of evaluation and its associations with emotion regulation deficits might hinder the therapeutic process by acting as a deterrent to positive reinforcement or potentially impeding the development of a successful therapeutic alliance.
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Moraes, Antonio Bento Alves de, Gláucia Maria Bovi Ambrosano, Rosana de Fátima Possobon und Áderson Luiz Costa Junior. „Fear assessment in brazilian children: the relevance of dental fear“. Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa 20, Nr. 3 (Dezember 2004): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-37722004000300011.
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Fear frequently interferes with dental treatment procedures, producing delays and poor technical quality results. Patients exhibit avoidance and escape behaviors that may be related to aversive childhood experiences in dental treatment situations. The aim of this study was to identify the most frequent children's fears, including dental ones, using an adaptation of the FSSC-R. This instrument was used to assess 549 children divided in three groups: (G1) private school children, (G2) public school children and (G3) public school children who were surveyed during dental treatment. Results indicated higher dental fear scores for females when compared with male children. Considering all groups studied, "injection" was the 5th higher fear for the group G3, 8th for the group G1 and 14th for the group G2. Family relationship items such as "parents fighting", "parents yelling at you", "hearing my parents argue", were considered frequent fears, suggesting that family conflicts may contribute to children's emotional problems.
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Chou, Wen Huei, Han-Xing Chen und Ching-Chih Hsu. „Research on Alleviating Children’s Nighttime Fear Using a Digital Game“. Children 9, Nr. 3 (12.03.2022): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9030405.
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Nighttime fear is common among children and may negatively affect their growth. Given the positive role of digital games in regulating children’s emotions, in this study, we proposed principles for the design of a digital game to alleviate children’s nighttime fears and developed a game prototype based on a survey of children and their parents. In order to verify whether digital games can reduce children’s fears, the Koala Fear Questionnaire (KFQ) was used to assess the effectiveness of the game prototype in an experiment. We adopted a quasi-experimental design with non-randomized samples, including 47 subjects in the experimental group (EG) and 49 subjects in the control group (CG). The results of the analysis show that the children in the EG displayed an obvious decrease in their fear of the objects that appeared in the game. Moreover, for some children with a moderate level of fear, playing digital games could significantly reduce their fear. Therefore, this preliminary study suggests that digital games have a positive effect on alleviating children’s nighttime fears.
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Bhatti, U. H., U. Khalid, M. M. H. Zakaria und I. M. Afridi. „Prevalence of specific fears in children of karachi“. European Psychiatry 26, S2 (März 2011): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71850-8.
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IntroductionChildren's fears are not only a part of their development but can also reflect unique cultural and societal norms as well as the influence of current affairs on cognition & behaviourObjectivesIdentifying prevalent fears in children of Karachi,Pakistan and gender/age differences.AimsIdentifying common fears and assessing the impact of sociopolitical factors on children's perceptionMethods1171 children (731 boys, 440 girls) from classes 3–10 of a large school were selected and completed the Fear Survey Schedule for Children (Revised).ResultsThe highest overall fear was of’Bombing attacks/being invaded’, which was also the highest in boys (’Snakes’ in girls). The greatest gender difference was seen in the fear of lizards (p < 0.001). The overall average FSSC-R score was 133(27.5) and frequency of intense fears was 16(12.4), both higher in girls. Younger children had greater scores and intense fears compared to adolescents.ConclusionsChildren are uniquely sensitive to “adult” issues, evidenced by the highest fear overall: bombing attacks/invasions, while fear of terrorists also ranked high (#11). Fears related to academic performance increased with age whereas younger children were more fearful of items perceived as causing physical harm; reflecting that stresses of education displace fears of danger and injury. Of the ten items with the greatest gender-differences, all belonged to the “Minor Injury/Small Animals” category. Lastly, comparison with previous studies showed no significant difference (p > 0.1) in either total scores or intensity of fears, suggesting that despite varying individual fears the overall profile remained constant for children of different cultures.
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Hoffart, Asle, Ann Hackmann und Harold Sexton. „Interpersonal Fears among Patients with Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia“. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 34, Nr. 3 (02.05.2006): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465806002980.
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To study the role of catastrophic interpersonal cognitions in panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, a questionnaire listing such items – the Interpersonal Panic Fear Questionnaire (IPFQ) – was constructed and administered to English and Norwegian samples. The results of the factor analysis indicated a three-factor structure of interpersonal fears: fear of negative evaluation, fear of being trapped and separated from safe persons and places, and fear of being neglected. The corresponding three IPFQ scales had satisfactory internal consistency and sensitivity to change following therapeutic intervention, discriminated well between diagnostic groups, and correlated moderately with measures of other dimensions of panic disorder and agoraphobia. The construct validity of the interpersonal fears was further supported by mostly significant relationships between the IPFQ scales and a measure of agoraphobic avoidance, when the contribution of intrapersonal (physical, loss of control) fears was controlled.
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&NA;. „Fear of Catastrophe, Fear of Movement, Fear of Back Pain“. Back Letter 17, Nr. 8 (August 2002): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00130561-200217080-00005.
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King, Neville J., Thomas H. Ollendick und Eleonora Gullone. „Desensitisation of Childhood Fears and Phobias: Psychophysiological Analyses“. Behaviour Change 7, Nr. 2 (Juni 1990): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900007245.
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Compared to the study of adult fears, childhood fears have not been extensively investigated in terms of their psychophysiological bases. However, limited findings suggest that children exhibit psychophysiological reactivity to fear-eliciting stimuli. Other data suggest that fear imagery produces psychophysiological arousal and that youngsters may be trained in fear imagery. Psychophysiological measures have also been used in the evaluation of desensitisation as seen in a limited number of case studies, single-subject experimental analyses and group outcome comparisons. In general, psychophysiological changes have been reported that are suggestive of reduced autonomic arousal. Methodological and theoretical issues are discussed including the selection of psychophysiological measures and the desynchrony between measures of fear.
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Sipes, Gregory, Max Rardin und Bernard Fitzgerald. „Adolescent Recall of Childhood Fears and Coping Strategies“. Psychological Reports 57, Nr. 3_suppl (Dezember 1985): 1215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1985.57.3f.1215.
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Ninth grade students ( N = 2728) wrote essay responses to the questions: “Most of us, as children, were afraid of something—the dark, dogs, being alone. What caused you the greatest fright when you were young? Show, by example, how you reacted to fear. What has helped you to overcome or conquer fear?” Reported fears and coping strategies were recorded by subjects' sex and fears were categorized as singular, primary, or secondary. Fear and coping strategy categories were recorded once only for any subject. Fear of the dark was most frequently mentioned, with People, Spooks, Being Alone, and Animals being other frequently mentioned fears. Sex differences were found for singular or primary fears, with boys significantly more fearful of Animals and Heights and girls significantly more afraid of Being Alone, Death/Injury, Insects, and Fathers. About half of all subjects reported coping strategies, with nearly 55% reporting the strategy of Reason/Age. Boys reported significantly more In vivo Densensitization/Flooding and Destroy coping strategies, with girls reporting significantly more People, Escape, and Took Control strategies. Possible explanations for the various reported fears are provided.
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Sepahvand, Mohammad Jafar, Kian Nourozi, Hamidreza Khankeh, Farahnaz Mohammadi-Shahboulaghi und Masoud Fallahi-Khoshknab. „Fears and Concerns of Bystanders to Help People Injured in Traffic Accidents: A Qualitative Descriptive Study“. Emergency Medicine International 2023 (07.12.2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1862802.
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In most traffic accidents, bystanders arrive at the scene before the rescuers. If they provide the right help, they can play an important and effective role in reducing the number of deaths and complications caused by these accidents. However, in many cases, fears and concerns prevent bystanders from providing assistance. This study aims to investigate and understand the fears and concerns of bystanders when they decide to help in traffic accidents. In 2022, this study was carried out in Iran using a qualitative content analysis approach. The data was collected through semistructured interviews. Participants were 15 males and females who had experience providing assistance in traffic accidents. Interviews, after digital recording, were transcribed verbatim. A purposeful and theoretical sampling method was performed. Data analysis and the determination of codes, categories, and subcategories were done using qualitative analysis software. O’Brien’s qualitative research reporting standard was used. The results of the study include a category of fears and concerns and five subcategories. The subcategories include fear and concern caused by lack of information, fear of legal troubles, stress caused by previous experience, fear and anxiety caused by anticipation, and anxiety of unknown origin. The results of this study showed that some of the fears and concerns of the bystanders were related to a lack of information about providing assistance. By increasing bystanders’ information about assistance, such as first aid training, fear and anxiety caused by a lack of information can be reduced. Another part of the fear and concern of bystanders is due to legal issues. Passing and implementing laws that protect bystanders can help reduce this fear and concern. Bystanders should be trained to provide assistance according to the rules of assistance so that they do not get into legal problems. A part of the bystander’s fear and concern stems from their previous experiences providing assistance in traffic accidents. These experiences can also affect the fear and anxiety caused by anticipation. It is necessary to conduct more studies on the role of bystanders’ experiences in creating fear and anxiety in them, as well as their effect on anticipatory fear.
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Makó, H. Sz, B. Veszprémi, L. Várhegyi und N. Mészáros. „Nature of fears at the time of abortion and possible correlation to anxiety and depression“. European Psychiatry 26, S2 (März 2011): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73391-0.
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IntroductionAbortion exerts its effects on psychological wellbeing of a great number of women all over the world. Numerous psychological research deals with describing normative responses to the intervention and determining possible psychopathological outcomes.ObjectivesOur aim was to justify whether women differ from one another already at the time of the intervention in terms of their level of anxiety and the degree of depression, which might correlate primarily to the difficulties regarding the process of making the decision for abortion and to the nature of their fears.MethodsIn our research at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinics at University of Pécs, 112 women (average age: 29.67, ranging 18–44) having had abortion were studied using structured interviews and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Zigmond & Snaith, 1983).ResultsWith respect to whether they have reported fear, the research sample could be divided in two groups: 18% have not reported any fear, whereas regarding the remaining 82% some sort of fear was identified by contents analysis, such as fear of later complications (26%), fear of the invasive intervention (22%), fear of both above (15%) and fear of death (19%). The level of anxiety was significantly higher in the group reporting fears at the time of the intervention. The highest anxiety and depression levels were measured in the groups reporting fears of both invasive intervention and later complications, and in the group experiencing fears of death.ConclusionOur results draw attention to the significance of the psychological preparation prior to termination.
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Kupietz, PhD, Kevin, und Lesley Gray, MPH. „Fear, history, stigma, and bias in the COVID-19 pandemic“. Journal of Emergency Management 18, Nr. 7 (01.07.2020): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.0541.
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Introduction: The greatest enemy of a global pandemic is not the virus itself, but the fear, rumor, and stigma that envelopes people. This article explores the context and history of fear and stigma relating to pandemic, summarizing key actions to mitigate the harms during an active pandemic.Method: Our article draws from accounts in literature and journalist accounts documenting the relationship between infectious diseases and major disease outbreaks that have garnered fear and stigmatization. Results: Fear, stigma, and discrimination are not new concepts for pandemics. These social effects run the risk of diverting attention from the presenting disease and government responses. Reactions to fear, stigma, and discrimination risk sabotaging effective efforts to contain, manage, and eradicate the disease.Conclusion: Emergency managers have an important role in dispelling myths, disseminating appropriate and evidence-based information without exacerbating fears. Knowledge about the roots of fear and bias along with a good understanding of historical plagues and pandemics is vital to ensure those in the field of emergency management can effectively manage irrational fears.
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Chidley, Ellie, und Sherwood Burns-Nader. „Exploring young adults’ fears related to healthcare and dental procedures“. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 13, Nr. 5 (Mai 2024): 1830–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_961_23.
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ABSTRACT Background and Purpose: Fear and anxiety related to dental and healthcare procedures are common among young adults and can negatively impact dental and healthcare consumership, resulting in poor health outcomes. Purpose: This cross-sectional study aimed to examine young adults’ experiences of fear related to dental and healthcare procedures and the potential relationships between the two forms of fear experiences and demographic factors. Methods: Young adults (252) were recruited from a large public university and completed a survey about their dental and healthcare fear/anxiety as well as their confidence in healthcare professionals. Descriptive and correlational analyses were completed to describe the experiences of young adults and the relationships between variables. Results: Ten types of fear/anxiety were identified related to healthcare procedures, with the most common being needles and pain. Nine fears/anxieties were identified for dental visits, of which pain and sensory experiences other than pain were most common. Female participants were significantly more likely to report fear/anxiety related to dental procedures, and there was a statistically significant relationship between fear/anxiety related to healthcare procedures and that related to dental procedures. There was also a significant negative relationship found between confidence in healthcare providers and fear/anxiety related to healthcare procedures. Conclusions: Young adults experience fear/anxiety related to healthcare and dentist visits, and this fear/anxiety can impact their confidence in healthcare providers, such as primary physicians. The findings of the current study suggest primary care providers should be aware of potential fears/anxieties and offer patients appropriate supports.
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Frederiksen, Marianne Stistrup, Virginia Schmied und Charlotte Overgaard. „Living With Fear: Experiences of Danish Parents in Vulnerable Positions During Pregnancy and in the Postnatal Period“. Qualitative Health Research 31, Nr. 3 (10.01.2021): 564–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732320978206.
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Targeted services are recommended to pregnant women/parents in vulnerable positions to support their well-being and improve health outcomes; however, being offered extra services is associated with feelings of fear and anxiety. Adopting an ethnographic approach, we explore what parents fear, how and why they experience fear, and how this shapes their childbearing experience and engagement with Danish maternity care services. We made field observations and conducted interviews with 39 parents in vulnerable positions, who shared multiple, ambiguous, and interrelated fears. Four main themes were constructed: fear of going back to a dark place, of having a negative impact on the baby, of being labeled, and of the consequences of service engagement and being open. We conclude that what parents fear, the intensity of these fears, and what potentially triggers it are contingent on their life story, their care pathways, and the maternity care system.
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Kaskova, L. F., K. M. Popyk, L. P. Ulasevych und L. D. Korovina. „CORRELATION INTERRELATION OF PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STATE OF CHILDRENWITH SOCIO-HYGIENIC FACTORS OF CARIES OCCURRENCE“. Ukrainian Dental Almanac, Nr. 4 (26.12.2019): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.4.2019.10.
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Questionnaire is one of the possible ways of research in organized children's groups, which allows us to identify socio-hygienic factors of caries occurrence. Proper oral hygiene, awareness of children about this, regular preventive visits to a dentist, knowledge about the possibility of caries prevention play an important role in caries prevention. Lately, a great attention is paid to the psycho-emotional state of adult patients and especially of children due to the impact school strain and the formation of behavioral responses on them.
The aim of our research was to study the correlation interrelation between the psycho-emotional state of children from 6 to 16-year-old with the socio-hygienic factors of dental caries occurrence.
Dental survey, analysis of the emotional state and interrogation of children and their parents were performed in 295 children from 6 to 16-year-old. Children and their parents were interviewed in order to study the influence of socio-hygienic factors on the possibility of caries occurence. Psycho-emotional state was studied by the following methods: method of definition of school fears, kinetic image of the family, Spielberg's self-esteem scale of personal anxiety level.
Definition of school fears has revealed that 13.2% of the surveyed children had signs of general school fear, 15.6% had a fear of social contacts with peers, 10.2% had a fear of social contact with teachers, 17.0% had a fear of self-expression, 10.2% had a fear of knowledge test situations, 38.6% had a fear of not meeting the expectations of others, 14.6% had low physiological resistance to school fears. Anxiety (by Spielberg`s method) was found in 80.3% of surveyed. Only general school fear (rs = 0.17, p <0.005) correlated with the children age. Its frequency increases in 2.6 times after 12 years age.
Only 36.1% of children did not experience psychological distress inside of their families. However, tensed relationship inside of families was not determined in 51.4% of children without caries and only in 22.1% of children with caries (pMU <0.001). There are correlation interelationships between caries development and tensed relationships inside of families and general school fear, less pronounced correlation between carious process activity and tension inside of families and general school fear.
Children with low physiological resistance to school fears have the least complaints about the condition of tooth hard tissues. However, complaints do not have significant interrelation with caries presence. Children with caries do not have complaints about the presence of carious cavities in teeth, rarely complain on discoloration, misalignment or irregular shape teeth, equaly as children without caries. Children with a fear of knowledge testing are the most likely to complain about the presence of carious cavities.
Children who can better resist to school fears are more likely to visit a dentist for a preventive purpose. Children who have a fear of social contact with teachers or fear of unsettled meeting the expectations of others are less likely to seek a preventative meeting with a dentist. Increasing anxiety (according to Spielberg`s method) contributes to preventive treatment. Low physiological resistance to school fears indicates the risk that, even if there is pain in a tooth, children do not seek for a dental support.
During the questionnaire of children the dependence of general school fear presence with the age of the child was found, which frequency increases in 2.6 times after 12 years age.
There is a correlation interrelationship between the frequency of attendance of a dentist and the presence of a common school fear, ie, greater the fear, less attendences of a dentist. Greater the children`s general school fear is observed, greater the anxiety during the dentist appointment is noted. The results are improved according to work with children and their parents on the regulation of the emotional state of children.
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Burri, Susanne. „How (Not) to Fear Death“. Public Affairs Quarterly 38, Nr. 1 (01.01.2024): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/21520542.38.1.04.
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Abstract Through the ages, many thinkers have worried that our death fears mar our lives. Sharing this worry, the Epicureans have argued that we can live well only if we see death for what it is: a mere “nothing” that it is ill-fitting to fear. I show how this argument depends on the assumption that a mental state theory of well-being is correct. If we give up this assumption, it can be fitting to fear death. Using my philosophical discussion of when and how it is fitting to fear death, I formulate three strategies for keeping our death-related fears in check. In this way, my paper follows the therapeutic tradition in philosophy, whose potential I urge effective altruists to explore.
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Cougle, Jesse R., Berta J. Summers, Ashleigh M. Harvey, Kirsten H. Dillon und Nicholas P. Allan. „Contamination-Focused Exposure as a Treatment for Disgust-Based Fears: A Preliminary Test in Spider-Fearful Women“. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 44, Nr. 6 (28.07.2016): 640–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465816000333.
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Background: Disgust is thought to play a prominent role in multiple anxiety disorders and fears, including spider phobia, though little attention has been given to specific treatment strategies that may be effective for multiple disgust-based fears. Aims: In the present study, we evaluated contamination-focused exposure as a potential transdiagnostic treatment strategy for disgust-based fears in a spider fearful sample. Method: Women with significant spider fear were randomized to three 30-minute sessions of exposure therapy involving repeated contact with a dirt mixture (n=17) or a waitlist control condition (n=17). Assessments of spider fear and disgust were administered at baseline and at one-week posttreatment. Results: At high (but not low) levels of pretreatment disgust propensity, exposure led to lower in vivo spider fear and perceived danger than waitlist, though exposure had no effects on spider-related disgust. Similar effects of exposure on spider fear were found at high levels of pretreatment spider-related disgust. Exposure also reduced fear and danger perceptions, but not disgust, related to a separate contamination assessment (touching a toilet). No effects of treatment were found on self-report measures of spider fear or disgust propensity. Conclusions: These findings suggest contamination-focused exposure therapy may be an effective transdiagnostic treatment strategy for individuals with elevated disgust propensity. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
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Hayslip, Bert, und Mary L. Walling. „Impact of Hospice Volunteer Training on Death Anxiety and Locus of Control“. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 16, Nr. 3 (Mai 1986): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/5k7r-ljhk-4d6f-bdcg.
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This investigation examined the effects of a hospice volunteer training program on locus of control and death anxiety. Experimental participants consisted of hospice volunteers who underwent an eight-week volunteer training course ( N = 29) and controls who were selected from the hospice mailing list ( N = 30). Results indicated both groups decreased in generalized conscious death fear, but increased in their conscious fear of others' deaths, although experimental participants did so to a somewhat greater extent. An overall decrease in several unconscious death-related fears (e.g., loss of control, overall covert death anxiety) was also observed. Training participants repressed death fears more often, relative to controls. While training seemed to sensitize participants to the uncontrollability of death, covert fears of loss of goals and achievements were lower for volunteers with training than for controls. Regardless of training, unconscious fears appeared to become conscious, as did Templer death anxiety scores (indicating a lessening of denial), with the exception of overt fear of the death of others, suggesting that hospice volunteers may continue to fear the loss of others irrespective of training.
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Gadbury-Amyot, Cynthia C., und Karen B. Williams. „Dental Hygiene Fear: Gender and Age Differences“. Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 1, Nr. 2 (1999): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-1-2-1.
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Abstract Studies aimed at examining gender and age differences as they relate to dental anxiety have begun to appear in the literature. The purpose of this investigation was to explore fear and anxiety in a dental hygiene setting and evaluate gender and age differences among four sub-scales of dental hygiene fear. The Dental Hygiene Fear Survey (DHFS) was developed to address patient reaction to dental hygiene treatment. The University of Washington Dental Fears Model was the theoretical model used for it identifies four domains of dental fear: fear of specific stimuli, generalized anxiety, fear of catastrophe, and distrust. Males and females respond differently to dental hygiene treatment with women reporting significantly (p<.05) greater fear overall than males. Examination of the four dental hygiene fear sub-scales show that females report greater fear (p<.05) in relation to specific fear and generalized anxiety. There were no significant differences across age categories on total fear scores or within any of the sub-scales. Characterization of the dental hygiene fear patient along with knowledge of procedures that elicit anxiety can assist the practitioner in recognizing dental hygiene-related fear. With this foundation, the practitioner can then develop management strategies specific to this phenomenon.