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Sukmayanto, Muher, Tubagus Hasanuddin und Indah Listiana. „The Capacity of Farmers in Rice Farming in Kabupaten Lampung Tengah“. Agriecobis : Journal of Agricultural Socioeconomics and Business 5, Nr. 1 (31.03.2022): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/agriecobis.v5i1.16280.
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Rice is an important commodity and the availability of rice supply in Indonesia must be maintained, because rice is the staple food of the Indonesian people which must always be fulfilled at all times. However, the fact is that the average productivity of rice produced by farmers is still low. Low rice productivity reflects the capacity of farmers in rice farming. The aims of this research are: (1) to know the level of farmer's capacity? and (2) to find out what factors that affect the capacity of farmers. This research was conducted in Kabupaten Lampung Tengah with the number of respondents as many as 100 farmers. The data analysis method used is multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the level of farmer's capacity was in the medium category. Factors that have a significant effect on farmer’s capacity are farmer’s’ age, farming experience, farmer’s motivation, community support, farmer group support, and agricultural extension support, while formal education, non-formal education, cosmopolitan level, land area, and family support have no significant effect on the capacity of farmers in rice farming.
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Hadiani, Dimas Pratidina Puriastuti, Muhammad Nur Ihsan, Puguh Surjowardojo und Bambang Ali Nugroho. „Analysis of Dairy Farmers Cooperative Partnership and Participation toward Cooperative Performance to Increase Farmer's Income“. ANIMAL PRODUCTION 24, Nr. 2 (11.09.2022): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.144.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the direct and indirect effect of cooperative partnerships,farmer participation and cooperative performance on farmer’s income. This research method was carried outby distributing questionnaires to 164 farmers as research respondents in Kemiri village who were activemembers of the Agroniaga Cooperative Jabung. The research variables were X1 (cooperative partnership), X2(farmers participation), Y1 (cooperative performance), Y2 (farmer's income). The data obtained were analyzedby path analysis using SPSS. The results show that 1) cooperative partnerships have a significant effect directlyon the cooperative performance at 0.533, 2) farmer participation has a significant effect directly on thecooperative performance at 0.362, 3) the cooperative partnership has a significant effect directly on the incomeof farmers at 0.341, 4) farmer participation has a significant effect directly on the income of farmers at 0.426, 5)cooperative performance has a significant effect directly on the income of farmers at 0.180, 6) cooperativepartnership has no significant effect indirectly on the income of farmers through the cooperative performanceat 0.096, 7) farmer participation has no significant effect indirectly on farmer income through cooperativeperformance at 0.18. This study concludes that 1) cooperative partnerships and farmer participation havesignificant effect directly on the cooperative performance, 2) cooperative partnerships, farmer participation,and cooperative performance have a significant effect directly on farmers' incomes, 3) cooperative partnershipsand farmer participation have no significant effect indirectly on farmer income through cooperativeperformance.
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Rachmah, Alisabela Dhiya, Elly Rasmikayati und Bobby Rachmat Saefudin. „FACTORS RELATED TO CONTINUATION OF MANGO CULTIVATION“. JURNAL PERTANIAN 10, Nr. 2 (22.10.2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jp.v10i2.1864.
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Usually, commodities shift occurs from food crops to commercial crops, such as horticulture with the aim of improving the welfare of farmer’s life. However, a different situation happened in Sedong Subdistrict, Cirebon Regency where mango farmers switched to paddy cultivation which is a non commercial crop. Most mango farmers began to abandon mango cultivation and made paddy cultivation as their main livelihood. Therefore this research aimed at analyzing the factors underlying the farmer’s decisions to abandon or continue mango cultivation and describing the potential and constraints of mango cultivation. Samples taken were 65 farmers in Sedong Subdistrict, Cirebon Regency consisting of 30 present-grower of mango who also experienced paddy cultivation and 35 past-grower of mango who switched to paddy cultivation. The research method used is the survey research method with data analysis using descriptive statistics and crosstabulation analysis with the fisher exact test. The results showed that the factors related to the farmer's decision to abandon or continue mango cultivation consisted of age, farmer's perception of mango cultivation, risk taking attitude, land tenure status, land area, and farmer group membership. Mango farming has easy transportation in the marketing activities provided by traders, as well as ease of access to credit bunt only for large scale farmers. The constraints felt by farmers in conducting mango farming consist of limited capital for small farmers,
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Salahuddin, Salahuddin, Muhammad Aswar Limi, Munirwan Zani und Sukmawati Abdullah. „PENYUSUNAN NILAI TUKAR PETANI (NTP) PADA TANAMAN PANGAN DAN PERKEBUNAN DI KABUPATEN KONAWE SELATAN“. Jurnal Ilmiah Penyuluhan dan Pengembangan Masyarakat 3 (28.11.2023): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56189/jippm.v3i0.46306.
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South Konawe Regency, as an agricultural region with a large population and a dominant proportion of households working in agriculture, pays attention to farmers' welfare as very strategic. One of the tools to measure farmer welfare currently used is the Farmer Exchange Rate (NTP). The aim of carrying out this research activity is to determine the farmer's exchange rate (NTP), and the factors that influence the farmer's exchange rate food crop and plantation sectors in South Konawe Regency. This research uses a quantitative research approach. The sample for this study was determined to be 600 farmers, consisting of 300 food crop farmers (150 lowland rice farmers, 85 corn farmers, and 65 cassava farmers) and 300 plantation crop farmers (105 cocoa farmers, 65 cashew farmers, 65 pepper farmers, and 65 coconut farmers). The sampling technique that will be used is multistage random sampling. To collect research data, use the observation method, questionnaire method, and documentary method. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, NTP analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The research results showed that the Farmer Exchange Rate (NTP) in the food crop and plantation sectors in 2021 was 97.21% and 97.21% (NTP < 100), meaning that food crop and plantation farmers experienced a deficit. Production prices rose less than increases in consumption prices and production costs. The level of farmer welfare has decreased compared to the previous level of farmer welfare. The factors or variables of land area and farmer expenditure significantly influence the NTP of farmers in the field of food crops by 93%. The farmer's land area variable has a significant positive effect on NTP, while farmer expenditure has a significant negative effect on NTP in the field of food crops. Factors or variables of family responsibilities, income and farmer expenses significantly influence the NTP for plantation crops at 96%. Farmers' income has a significant positive effect on NTP, while family responsibilities and farmers' expenses have a significant negative effect on NTP in plantation crops in South Konawe Regency.
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Balasa, Adela P., Ghadeer Saif Khamis Al-Mashaikhi und Noorol Shaiful Fitri Abdul Rahman. „Cooperatives of Farmers in Oman“. European Journal of Business and Management Research 6, Nr. 2 (20.03.2021): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.2.784.
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This study focuses on explaining the concept of farmers' cooperatives which contribute to raising the Omani economy, achieving security and food balance, and contributing to the eradication of poverty, hunger and unemployment. The aim of this paper is to find areas of deficiency concerning the implementation of farmer cooperatives in Oman. The study follows the philosophy of realism, as it is delivering real and accurate information. The text uses a mixed method by combining qualitative and quantitative. The research uses questionnaire showing the responses of farmers and ordinary people to collect the data. In addition, an interview showing the importance and the factor of implementing farmer cooperatives. This study uses interviews and questionnaire to gather the data needed to fill the gaps. The findings of this research add deep discovery to the previous studies, regarding the unawareness and knowledge among farmers about the importance, causes and positive effects of cooperatives among farmers and the negative effects that may occur to farmers for refusing to enter farmers' cooperatives and the factors of implementing farmer’s cooperatives. Additional research in this topic is needed for full understanding of making strong relationships and trust between farmers, which convince them to join farmers' cooperatives. The value of this study lies in raising the level of farmer's cooperatives in Oman because of its invaluable role in improving livelihoods, achieving sustainable development, increasing profitability and increasing productive efficiency by finding the common reasons that prevent farmers to join these cooperatives.
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Yamin, Muhammad, Lifianthi Lifianthi und Deswita Fajar Ayuningsih. „Analisis Minat Anak Petani Padi menjadi Petani di Desa Pasemah Air Keruh Sumatera Selatan“. Jurnal Ilmiah Membangun Desa dan Pertanian 8, Nr. 2 (20.03.2023): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37149/jimdp.v8i2.206.
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The sustainability of development in the agricultural sector depends on farmers as actors. There is a tendency for farmers’ children to be disinterested as farmers for a wide variety of reasons. This study aims to identify the perception of farmer children towards their interest in continuing their parents’ work as farmers and to analyze the factors that influence the chances of choosing to work as a farmer and not as a farmer. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for determining strategies that increase the interest of farmer’s children to become farmers. The data analysis method used consisted of a combination of both qualitative and quantitative analysis. This research was conducted in Muara Rungga Village, Pasemah Air Keruh District, Empat Lawang Regency, South Sumatra. This research method used the survey method. The sample frame in this study was paddy rice farmers with children aged 15-30 years. A simple random sampling method selected the total sample of 35 respondent farmers. The study results explained that the interest of farmer children to continue their parents’ work as farmers were included in the lack of interest category. The higher the age level of the farmer’s child, the greater the chances of the farmer’s child’s decision to work as a farmer, and the higher the level of education, the more significantly the events of the child choosing to work as a farmer. The findings of this study are that farm children are better educated and more skilled at using technology. The development of agriculture in the future cannot be as mediocre, and it must be completely changed according to the development of knowledge and technology so that agriculture does not seem challenging, dirty, and unattractive. Thus the farmer’s child will be interested in working as a farmer.
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Mulyasari, Gita, Priyono Prawito, Ira Nurhayati Djarot, Nugroho Adi Sasongko, Titin Handayani, Agusta Samodra Putra, Netty Widyastuti et al. „Perception of rainfed farmers on the impact of climate variability in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia“. E3S Web of Conferences 467 (2023): 06003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346706003.
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This paper considers how farmers perceive to climate variability impacts, and suggests that perception these impact responses is as important as understanding responses to climate variability impacts. Based on a survey of 215 rainfed farmers in Bengkulu Province, we tested two hypotheses regarding climate variability impacts: (1) that climate variability has negative impacts on rainfed farming based on farmer’s perception, (2) that age, formal education, farming experience, land area, and participation in farmer groups will influence farmer’s climate variability perceptions. Using a multiple weighted score analysis and linier regression model we found support for the two hypotheses and furthermore showed that most of the farmers agreed that climate variability has a negative impact on rainfed farming. Farmers' formal education and participation in farmer groups influence farmers' perceptions on the impact of climate variability. With farmer groups, farmers can discuss various problems that arise due to climate variability.
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Agustin, Rahmi Dwi, Agus Dwi Nugroho und Masyhuri Masyhuri. „KEPUASAN PETANI TERHADAP LAYANAN PASAR LELANG CABAI SIDO DADI DI KABUPATEN KULON PROGO“. SEPA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis 17, Nr. 2 (28.02.2021): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sepa.v17i2.43958.
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<div>One of the Sido Dadi auction market weaknesses is delay payment system to farmers. This system is done by waiting for payment from the merchant if the chili has been completely sold. This situation causes farmers to be dissatisfied with the auction market services. This study intended to determine the level of farmer’s satisfaction to the Sido Dadi auction market services and its determinant factors. This research was conducted at the Sido Dadi auction market because it was the first auction market in Galur District, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Province. The number of respondents was 60 farmers chosen by purposive sampling. The Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and regression used to analyze the data. The results showed that farmers were satisfied with the auction market services. The determinant factors of farmer’s satisfaction are age, education level, and land area. Farmer satisfaction is in line with increasing of farmers’ age but in contrast to education and the farmer's land area. The Sido Dadi auction market needs to use of the contribution funds to complement infrastructure and held human resource development training. The auction market also needs to have a service Standard Operating Procedures for farmers. In addition, the local government officer needs to intensively provide service management training for auction market managers.</div>
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Sasmi, Meli, Asdi Agustar, Ira Wahyuni Syarfi und Hasnah. „Empowerment of Farmer Institutions in Improving Farmer’s Bargaining Position“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1177, Nr. 1 (01.05.2023): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1177/1/012001.
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Abstract The drop in global rubber prices worsens farmer-level rubber selling prices, affecting rubber farmers’ economics. One of the efforts to develop the farmer’s economy is strengthening rubber farmers’ institutional aspects. This study will examine institutional strengthening to stabilize rubber prices at the farmer level and increase farmers’ negotiating power. This study employs a qualitative case study methodology. Data were descriptively examined. The findings of this study explain that the rubber prices decline in rubber farmers’ economies does not improve from time to time. The decline in rubber prices resulted in land conversion, decreased production, and fewer rubber farmers. On the other hand, rubber marketing institutions have improved rubber farmers’ price stability bargaining position and increased rubber farmers’ economy. This research implies that rubber marketing institutions through farmer associations can increase farmers’ bargaining position, maintain rubber price stability and contribute to the empowerment of rubber farmer commodity institutions.
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Wahyudi, Imam Mujahidin Fahmid, Darmawan Salman, Sultan Suhab, Adang Agustian, Sri Hery Susilowati, Sumedi und Rangga D. Yofa. „Implementation and constraints of of the use of farmer’s card in increasing the effectiveness of subsidized fertilizer distribution in Ciamis and Pati District“. E3S Web of Conferences 316 (2021): 02026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131602026.
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The subsidized fertilizer distribution policy is still facing various problems. The government continues to make efforts to improve it, including through the farmer’s card mechanism. The research aims to analyze the development and problems of implementing farmer’s card, as well as formulating strategies to improve the implementation of farmer’s card. The study was conducted in Ciamis and Pati didtrict, 2019. The data collected includes primary data from interviews with 30 rice farmers, 4 kiosks and 2 fertilizer distributors, and secondary data from the Agriculture Office of the research location. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and descriptively qualitatively. The results showed that the process of printing the farmer's card in Ciamis and Pati Regencies respectively 99.75% and 74.0% of the total proposed farmer’s card. The problems faced in the application of the farmer’s card are the incomplete data of farmers in the eDPFGN, the improvement of data on land tenure for each planting season, and the limited availability of EDC equipment at each fertilizer kiosk. To improve the fertilizer distribution system through the farmer's card, it is necessary to improve the validation of the eDPFGN data, infrastructure support and human resources at the fertilizer kiosk and farmer group level.
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Hutagaung, Bagasferyan, Ratna Winandi Asmarantaka und Andriyono Kilat Adhi. „Marketing Analysis of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) and non-ISPO Certified Independent Palm Oil in Batanghari Regency, Jambi Province, Indonesia“. Agro Bali : Agricultural Journal 7, Nr. 1 (30.04.2024): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37637/ab.v7i1.1431.
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This research analyzes marketing efficiency: marketing, marketing function, marketing margin, farmer's share, and the ratio of profit to cost of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) for ISPO (Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil) and non-ISPO palm oil in Batanghari Regency, Jambi Province. The sample consisted of 30 ISPO farmers and 30 non-ISPO farmers, sampling farmers using a purposive method and then using the snowball sampling method to find out what institutions are involved in the ISPO and non-ISPO independent oil palm marketing process in Batanghari Regency. The research results show four marketing channels: (1) farmer-trader-large trader-palm oil weighing-mill, (2) farmer-trader-palm palm weighing-mill, (3) farmer-palm palm weighing-mill, and (4) farmer-merchant-mill. ISPO farmers do not experience differences in marketing channels and prices, which is not in accordance with the objectives of establishing ISPO. Marketing functions include purchasing, selling, transporting, harvesting, risk-bearing, financing, and market information. Analysis of marketing margin, farmer's share, and profit-to-cost ratio shows the third most efficient channel with a farmer's share of 87.82% with the farmer's marketing channel selling FFB through palm oil weighing, which distributes it to mills, involving one marketing institution.
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Safitri, Neni, Istiqomah Istiqomah, Neni Widyaningsih und Sodik Dwi Purnomo. „ANALISIS KEANGGOTAAN PETANI DALAM KELOMPOK TANI : STUDI KASUS KELOMPOK PEMBUDIDAYA IKAN “ULAM SARI” DESA KALIKIDANG, SOKARAJA, BANYUMAS“. JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics) 13, Nr. 1 (31.03.2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v13i1.14821.
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Farmer groups become one of the agricultural institutions that have an important role in agricultural development. This study aims to analyze the effect of turnover, education level, length of business, and landholding on the membership of farmers in farmer groups and to analyze the variable that has the greatest effect on farmer membership. Stratified proportionate random sampling is used to select 34 farmers who join farmer group and 51 farmers who do not join farmer group. Stratification is based on landholding. The method used is logistic regression and Mann Whitney analysis using SPSS. The results show that turnover, education level, and landholding significantly influence farmer’s membership. Landholding has the biggest effect on the membership of farmers in farmer groups.
Keywords: Agricultural institution, farmer group, farmer membership
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Irawan, Andi, und Muhammad Syakir. „Determinants of oil palm smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategy to climate change in Bengkulu, Indonesia“. Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural 57, Nr. 3 (September 2019): 428–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9479.2019.186452.
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Abstract Bengkulu is one of 10 provinces in Indonesia, which became a center of oil palm production. The aim of the study is to define how the determinant factors influence the oil palm smallholder farmer’s adaptation strategies on climate change in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Binary logistic regression method was employed to clarify the independent variables that influence farmers’ strategy adapted to climate change. Farmer experience and their household expenditure have the positive and significant effect on cropping diversification, while oil palm price has a positive influence in using land clearing without slash and burning. The factors that most influence the farmers' adaptation to climate change are farmer’s cooperation membership and membership of farmer group for agricultural extension. Because of their education and experience, they are not an important determinant on strategies adapted to climate change, but the farmer’s group for agricultural extension was very important in the adoption of comprehensive adaptation strategies to climate change, thus the understanding and skill of implementing strategies adapted to climate change among smallholder farmers needs improving by government extension agency. Therefore, ensuring access to information on climate change through extension agents is believed to create awareness and favorable conditions to adopt farming practices suited to climate change. It also means that improving the knowledge and skills of extension service personnel about climate change and adaptation strategies, and making the extension services more accessible to farmers is strongly recommended. For future work, new research involving more area with diversified ownership can be performed, not only smallholder farmer ownership but also private and state corporation ones. Moreover, the study about government action and policy for accelerating farmer's adaptation is important to be executed in the future.
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Bagho Wea, Maria Valentina, Maria Bano und Ignatius Sinu. „STRATEGI PEMASARAN UBI KAYU NUABOSI DI DESA NDETUNDORA DI KECAMATAN ENDE, KABUPATEN ENDE“. Buletin Ilmiah IMPAS 21, Nr. 2 (19.09.2020): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/impas.v21i02.2628.
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The research has been conducted at Ndetundora 1 Village, Ende Sub- District, Ende Regency. The purpose of This research are to know: (1) Nuabosi cassava marketing strategy, (2) Nuabosi cassava marketing channel. (3) Cost, profit, margin, and farmer's share. This research was conducted in March 2019. The research method used was survey method with respondent interview techniques and questionnaires. Number of samples as many as 50 respondents. Determination of samples used in two stages namely first, what is done purposely (purposive sampling) and secondly which is simple random sampling. Data collected are primary data and secondary data. Primary data obtained from direct interview with farmers while secondary data obtained from institutions.
Nuabosi's cassava marketing strategy, marketing channel, eco-disposal, cost, profit, margin, and farmer's share are quantitatively, qualitatively, and descriptive analysis. the research results show that (1) Marketing strategy using SWOT Analysis by finding strengthtens, weakness, opportunities, threats from products, promotions, places and prices. (2) Pattern of marketing channels namely farmers - traders of village retailers - consumers, farmers - village collector traders - city retailers - consumers, and at the last channel farmers - inter-island traders - consumers. The total cost to farmers for the first channel is Rp.400 / kg, the village retailer is Rp.1,587 / kg for margins. In this channel, the farmers are Rp. 5,000 / kg, the retailer is Rp.5.000. Farmers’s Share 71% and 100%. In the second channel, the total costs incurred by farmers are Rp. 12,500, village collectors are Rp. 15,000 / kg and city retailers are Rp. 20,000. Farmer marketing margin Rp 7,500, village collector traders rp 2,500 / kg, city retailer traders 5,000 / kg. And for the last channel the price of nuabosi cassava for farmers is Rp. 12,500 / kg and inter-island traders Rp. 25,000/kg. The total costs incurred are IDR 2,508 / kg, inter-island traders Rp 10,000. The margin on this channel is Rp. 12,500 / Kg and the collecting trader is Rp 12.500/kg. Farmer’s share for farmer is 50 %, while for inter-islan traders 100 %. Inter-islan traders 25.000
m
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Rondhi, Mohammad, Joni Murti Mulyo Aji, Ahmad Fatikhul Khasan, Adinda Tissa Rachmasari Putri und Rizky Yanuarti. „Risk Aversion, Risk Preference and Farmers’ Decision to Participate in Broiler Contract Farming: A Case Study in Jember, Indonesia“. Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 35, Nr. 1 (13.03.2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v35i1.37964.
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<p>The demand for broiler is rising rapidly due to its capability as the main animal protein source. In contrast, the production of broiler meat is unstable due to the possibility of farm risk. Contract Farming (CF) is one of the risk management tools for farmers but has not been used effectively. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence farmers’ decision to participate in CF. The analysis used six independent variables, namely farmer’s age, farm size, household size, education, farmer’s risk preference and risk aversion level. This study used primary data from 70 broiler farmers in Jember, which were divided into two groups, contract farmer and independent farmer. Each group had the same number of respondents. The results show that five among six independent variables significantly affected farmers’ decision to take part in CF. Farmer’s age decreased farmer’s probability to participate in CF, while education, farm size, household size and risk preference had positive effects. Farmer’s risk aversion level did not have any significant effect. The results suggest that the effort to expand CF participation should focus on young and educated farmers with large farm size.</p>
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Imelda, Imelda, Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo und Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto. „ANALISIS PERILAKU.PETANI TERHADAP RISIKO USAHATANI LIDAH BUAYA DI PONTIANAK“. Agro Ekonomi 15, Nr. 1 (20.01.2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jae.18169.
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The research aims to: (1) identify the income differences between Aloe vera farming system with monoculture and multicultural cropping pattern; (2) identify the risk of cost, production, and income of Aloe Vera farming of each cropping pattern, (3) identify farmer behavior to the risk of each Aloe Vera farming system, and (4) determine socio-economic factors influencing the farmer behavior to the risk of Aloe Vera farming .. Research area was chosen by purposive in North 'Pontianak sub-district, West Kalimantan. Analyses used were cost and income analysis, coefficient of variation analysis, quadratic utility function, and multiple linear regressions. The results show that the Aloe Vera farmer income with monoculture cropping pattern is lower than Aloe Vera farmer with multicultural. The risk of cost, ,production, and income of Aloe Vera farming with monoculture cropping pattern is higher than multicultural. 40.74% Aloe Vera farmers with monoculture cropping pattern and 7.89% Aloe Vera farmers with multicultural show behavioral risk lover. There are 14.82% Aloe Vera farmers with monoculture cropping pattern and 28.95% Aloe Vera farmers with multicultural show behavioral risk averse. The remaining were risk neutral farmers, i.e. 44, 44% Aloe Vera farmers with monoculture cropping pattern and 63,16% Aloe Verafarmers with multicultural. Farmer behavior to the risk influenced by farmer's age, family size, farmer's experience, and dummy of cropping pattern and farmer ethnical.
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Harun, Dani Ramdani, Sony Heru Priyanto und Lieli Suharti. „Transformation of Information Technology to Improve Human Resources of Farmers in the Indonesian Context: The Role of Farmer Cards“. Technium Social Sciences Journal 25 (09.11.2021): 476–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v25i1.4928.
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Different approaches in the introduction and socialization of farmer cards resulted in the adoption rate of farmers not following the planned target even though one of the objectives of the farmer card program was to improve farmer human resources. This study aims to analyze the perceived impact of the farmer's card on the level of adoption and improvement of farmer's human resources. Respondents selected based on cluster sampling came from the 6 districts that used the most farmer cards in Central Java. The data obtained through the survey were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling. The five variables measured consisted of transformational leadership, the role of the government, facilitating conditions, perceived farmer cards, perceived farmer card adoption, and farmer human resources. The results showed that transformational leadership, the role of government, and facilitating conditions had a significant effect on perceived farmer cards. The perceived farmer card has a significant effect on the adoption of the farmer card. Adoption of farmer's card has a significant effect on farmer's human resources. The application of the farmer card results in a farmer database increased accuracy and government services to farmers. Future research needs to be directed at conducting development research related to increasing the capacity of farmer card information technology to make farmers more prosperous.
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Sugiarto, Mochamad, Yusmi Nur Wakhidati, Oentoeng Edy Djatmiko, Syarifuddin Nur und Dyah Gandasari. „Understanding Motives of Indigenous Cattle Farmers Joining Farmers Group in Brebes Regency, Indonesia“. ANIMAL PRODUCTION 23, Nr. 2 (27.07.2021): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.2.83.
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The development of Jawa Brebes (Jabres) cattle as indigenous cattle in Brebes Regency, Indonesia, is carried out using a farmer group approach. Cattle farmers join farmer groups with various motives and purposes. Understanding the motives of indigenous cattle farmers joining farmers group in Brebes Regency, Indonesia, this study aimed to identify the motives of Jabres cattle farmers to join the group and analyze the influencing factors of different motives to join farmers group. The study used a survey method to 119 Jabres cattle farmers in Brebes Regency. Respondents were selected using multistage sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to depict the cattle farmers' characteristics and identify their motives to join the farmers' group. Discriminant analysis identified the influencing factors of Jabres cattle farmers' different reasons for joining the Jabres cattle farmers group. The majority of the Jabres cattle farmers in Brebes Regency (75.6 percent) entered the farmers' group due to social motive and expectancy to feel secure in social interactions with other farmers. Farmer's education is an essential factor that causes differences in cattle farmers' motives in joining farmer groups (P <0.05). Cattle farmers with higher education join the farmers’ group to gain additional knowledge and realize beef cattle business goals (profitability and marketing).
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Nurdin Yusuf, Muhamad, Agus Yuniawan Isyanto und Sudradjat Sudradjat. „Factors that Influence Farmer’s Behavior Towards Risk“. E3S Web of Conferences 226 (2021): 00030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202122600030.
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The research was carried out with the aim to find out the behavior of farmers towards risk and the factors that influence it. The research sample was 100 paddy farmers in flood-prone area paddy fields in Pangandaran District, West Java Province, Indonesia. Farmer’s behavior towards risk was analyzed using quadratic utility functions, while the factors that influence farmer’s behavior towards risk were analyzed using logistic regression. The results showed farmers 87 was risk neutral, while 13 farmer risk takers were farmers. Education, familys size and income significantly influence farmer’s behavior towards risk; while age, experience, land area, production risk, price risk, income risk and group did not significantly influence farmer’s behavior towards risk.
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Adriankurniawati, Aisyah Muluukhul, Imam Syafii und M. Rondhi. „PERILAKU PETANI CABAI RAWIT TERHADAP RESIKO FLUKTUASI HARGA DI KECAMATAN GUMUKMAS KABUPATEN JEMBER“. JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics) 10, Nr. 2 (12.10.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v10i2.5284.
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This study was aimed to determine the farmer’s behaviour in face of risk as result of pepper’s price fluctuation in Gumukmas District, Jember Regency. There are three criterias in farmer’s behaviour : risk lover, risk neutral, and risk averter. Thirty-nine farmers was selected by using simple random sampling. The utility function was employed to determine farmer’s behaviour. In this research, utility function with Bernoulli and Neuman -Morgerstern technique was used. This specification was modified with neutral probability (50:50). Estimation on this function was done by using uncertainty equivalent (CE) through quadratic estimation. The result showed that arround 33 farmers (84.62%) are risk neutral. The risk averter are 5 farmers (11.52%) and one farmer (2.56%) is risk lover. This result also showed that farmers with own land ownership status were more daring than farmers who own land tenure status, profit sharing, or farmers who have two land ownership status. Other results indicated that the farmers who pursued local pepperwere more daring than the farmers who pursued hybrid pepper or farmers who persuedlocal and hybrid at once.
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Anindita, Kilana Putri, Dyah Ismoyowati und Endy Suwondo. „Value Chain Analysis on Pigmented Rice: A Case Study in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia“. agriTECH 39, Nr. 4 (05.11.2019): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.44764.
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White rice has become the main source of carbohydrates, but in the last few years, red and black rice are getting more popular. Red and black rice can be an alternative food for people who wish to reduce the risk of diabetics due to its low glycemic index. Pigmented rice demand in Yogyakarta is continuously increasing. However, farmers are reluctant to plant pigmented rice because of their lower yields. Value chain analysis on pigmented rice is performed to provide the condition of the business’ performance for farmers who are not willing to work on pigmented rice yet. The objective of this study was to identify the main activities and to measure the performance of the value chain. The value chain performance was measured by calculating profit, marketing margin, and farmer’s share. In the business of pigmented rice nowadays, there are 5 actors involved, i.e. farmer, farmers group, association of farmers groups, distributor, and retailer. These five actors formed 5 value chains for red rice and 4 value chains for black rice. The main activities were cultivating, cropping, milling, sorting out, packing, and selling. The performance of the pigmented rice was as follows: on the red rice value chain, farmers earned the highest profit in each chain, except on the chain where the association of farmers groups was involved. The largest marketing margin was found on the farmer – association of farmer groups – retailer – end-user consumer chain. On the black rice value chain, farmers earned the highest profit in each chain, except on the chain where the farmers group was involved. The largest marketing margin found on the farmer – farmers group – distributor – retailer – end-user consumer chain. For both the red and the black rice value chain, the farmer’s highest share was obtained on the farmers – distributor – end-user consumer chain.
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Parwati, Fitria Dwi Ayu, Rudi Hartono und Oeng Anwarudin. „KEBERDAYAAN PETANI DALAM OPTIMALISASI PEMATANG SAWAH DI KECAMATAN MAJALENGKA KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA“. Jurnal Penyuluhan Pertanian 15, Nr. 2 (21.04.2021): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51852/jpp.v15i2.443.
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Farmers who control pests and diseases chemically. In fact, the spirit of sustainable agriculture aims to use such environmentally friendly materials as biological pest control by using crop crops planted by crops. It aims to analyze the descriptive levels of farmer's empowerment, relevant factors and strategies that can be done to increase farmer's empowerment in the optimization of rice cattle. Research is carried out in Germany magazine magazine holds April to July 2019. Population is an active farm rice farmer in farm groups of 302. The sample prescribed by 77 people is using random sampling cluster technique. Independent variables include farmers' characteristics, government education and support and dependent variables - the farmers' empowerment. The analytical techniques used are descriptive and syntax of rank spearman. Studies show that farmers' empowerment levels in the optimization of rice culture are category. A factor associated with farmer's empowerment in the optimization of farm cattle is formal education, prolonged effort, farmer status, training and government support. A strategy that can be done to increase farmer's empowerment is by increasing government training and support activities.
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Hendrita, Vivi, Juli Supriyanti, Fildza Arief Syuhada und Refika Komala. „Farmers' Perceptions of the Farmer's Card Program in the Distribution of Subsidized Fertilizer“. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 20, Nr. 2 (25.06.2024): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jsep.v20i2.34804.
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In order to support Indonesian agriculture, the Indonesian Government through the Ministry of Agriculture issued the Farmer Card Program. The Tani Card is a debit card issued by banks as a transaction tool for the redemption of subsidized fertilizer at designated official kiosks. The farmer's card program aims to ensure that the distribution of subsidized fertilizer is right on target and facilitates supervision that is directly integrated with SIMPI. This research aims to find out how farmers perceive the use of farmer cards in distributing subsidized fertilizer. The research period was carried out from August to September 2023. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research with a survey method. The research respondents were selected purposively, namely 48 farmers who had received farmer cards for the distribution of subsidized fertilizer. qualitative descriptive data analysis and using a Likert scale. From the research results, it can be concluded that farmers' perceptions of the farmer's card program in distributing subsidized fertilizer as a whole are in the good category with an index of 77.08% or an average of 3.85, then farmers' perceptions of the procedure for obtaining farmer's cards are in the quite good category with an index of 58 .3% or an average of 2.91, then the farmer's perception of the ease of using the farmer's card is in the good category with an index of 65% or an average of 3.25. Furthermore, the farmer's perception of the use of the farmer's card is in the good category with an index of 64.16% or the average -average 3.2. This shows that the farmer's card program in the distribution of subsidized fertilizer in the Sijunjung sub-district has received quite a good perception from the community, even though there are still obstacles experienced by farmers in this farmer's card program in the field
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Yusuf, Muhamad, Dety Sukmawati und Euis Dasipah. „Keberhasilan Usahatani Kopi (Coffea arabica) Melalui Dinamika Kelompok Dan Manajerial Petani“. Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 8, Nr. 2 (30.09.2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v8i2.201.
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Coffee was one of the important plantation commodities in the national economy. This can be seen from the role of the coffee plantation sector in providing employment plants, providing the State's foreign exchange through exports. One of the goals of coffee farmers in managing their farming was to make a profit. In achieving this goal, farmers face several obstacles. By joining farmers in a farmer group forum can help explore the potential, solve the farming problems of its members, thus farmer groups have a strategic position in realizing quality farmers. The research was conducted in Sukasari Subdistrict, Sumedang Regency with the unit (subject) of analysis being 70 farmers who cultivated coffee in the harvest season from January to March 2020 Hypothesis testing. path. There was a positive relationship between the dynamics of farmer groups and farmer management. This was evidenced by the correlation value between the dynamics of farmer groups (X1) and managerial farmers (X2) which reached 84.1%. The better the group dynamics, the better the farmer's managerial, which consists of technical skills and business / skills aspects. The dynamics of farmer groups and farmer managerial influences positively on the success of coffee farming. the higher the value of farmer group dynamics (X1) and farmer managerial (X2), the effect on the increase in farming (Y).
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Wahyuni, Fera, Ratna Winandi Asmarantaka und Nia Rosiana. „Sistem Pemasaran Beras Di Kabupaten Landak, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat“. Forum Agribisnis 13, Nr. 2 (24.10.2023): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.13.2.203-217.
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Landak Regency has the potential to develop rice with a production surplus of 52,296 tonnes. This increase in production must be balanced with a good marketing system so that farmers and marketing agencies can receive more favorable prices. The purpose of this study is to analyze the channel, function and operational efficiency of rice marketing (marketing margin, farmer's share, and profit to cost ratio) in Landak District. This study involved 45 respondent farmers as a sample which was obtained through a purposive sampling method in which the respondent farmers were selected with consideration of certain characteristics according to the research objectives. Marketing agency respondents were obtained using the snowball method based on information flow from farmers and obtained 13 marketing agency respondents. Qualitative data is used to analyze marketing channels and agencies. Quantitative data is used to analyze marketing margins, farmer's share and profit to cost ratio. The results showed that there were 5 marketing channels and 4 marketing agencies involved. The marketing channel is distinguished from the products sold by farmers, namely channels 1, 2 and 3, farmers sell unhusked rice, while channels 4 and 5 sell rice. Channel 1 consists of farmer-gatherer-factory-retailer-end consumer, channel 2 consists of farmer-collector-mill-retailer-end consumer, channel 3 consists of farmer-mill-retailer-end consumer, channel 4 consists of farmer-retailer -end consumers and channel 5 farmers sell rice directly to end consumers. The results of the operational efficiency analysis show that a relatively efficient marketing channel is channel 1 based on the profit to cost ratio having a value of >1 (profitable). Increasing the institutional role of farmers (poktan and gapoktan) such as collective transactions can help farmers receive more profitable prices..
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Tenu, Yumisa, Serman Nikolaus und I. Wayan Nampa. „PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP PERANAN KELOMPOK TANI BAWANG MERAH (ALLIUM ASCALONICUM L) DI DESA TUNGANAMO KECAMATAN PANTAI BARU“. Buletin Ilmiah IMPAS 23, Nr. 3 (21.12.2022): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/impas.v23i3.9499.
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This research had been conducted at Tunganamo Village, Pantai BaruSub-District, Rote Ndao District started from June until July in 2019, with the aim to understand: (1). Farmer group characteristic at Tunganamo Village, and (2). Farmer’s perception toward the roles of Onion Farmer Group at Tunganamo Village, Pantai Baru Sub-District, Rote Ndao District. Data were collected by using a survey method. Renspondents consisted of 43 farmers, were selected randomly from 76 farmer group members. Data measured by likert scale were analyzed by both quantitative and qualitative descriptive statistics.
Results of analysis indicated that: (1). The carateristics of onion farmer group located in Tunganamo Village, Pantai Baru Sub-District, Rote Ndao District as follows: there are three farmer groups existed in the research location namely Oliseu farmer group, which consisted of 24 farmers, Edene Ana farmer group which consisted of 27 farmers and Baru Terbit farmer group which consisted of 24 farmers. Those farmer groups were builded in the year of 2008, with the aim to get subsidy from government in relation to agriculture production facilities; and (2). Farmer’s perception on onion farmer group existed in Tunganamo Village, Pantai Baru Sub-District, the District of Rote Ndao was in “good category”, because the percentase of average score in reaching the maximum score was 68,46 % located in the range of 68-83 %.
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Putri, Dinda Rhaima Ladisa, Endang Yektiningsih und Mubarokah Mubarokah. „Analysis of Working Time Allocation and Income of Rice Farmers in Pulogede Village Tuban District“. Buletin Penelitian Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Haluoleo 26, Nr. 1 (26.05.2024): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37149/bpsosek.v26i1.1240.
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Unoptimal use of farmers' time leads to low income earned by farmers. The study aims to analyze the working hours of rice farmers, analyze factors that influence the allocation of rice farmers, time, and analyze farmers' income in rice farms. The study was conducted in January-March 2024 in Pulogede, Tambakboyo district, Tuban district. The sampling method is a random proportional sample with 71 farmers as respondents—primary data collection through interviews assisted by questionnaires. The first objective was quantified descriptively, the second used double linear regression analysis using SPSS analysis tools with variables independent of age, land area, working experience, working income, family dependence, and education, and the third objective calculated rice farmer income. The study found that the farmer's working time allocation was influenced by age, size of land, farming experience, farmers' income, number of dependent families, and education. The income earned by the rice farmer is IDR8.870,880/ season.
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Kurniawan, Juli. „Nilai Tukar Petani sebagai Indikator Kesejahteraan Petani Kedelai di Kecamatan Pulokulon Kabupaten Grobogan“. Journal of Integrated Agricultural Socio-Economics and Entrepreneurial Research (JIASEE) 1, Nr. 1 (26.10.2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jiasee.1.1.2022.21-32.
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This study aims to determine the average exchange rate of soybean farmers and determine the factors that affect the exchange rate of soybean farmers in Grobogan Regency. The basic method used in this research is analytical descriptive. The research location was chosen purposively, namely in Pulokulon District, Grobogan Regency. The type of data used in this study is primary data from 50 respondent farmers. Analysis of the data used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that the Farmer's Exchange Rate (NTP) was 115% which indicated that the farmers were in a prosperous condition. All variables studied together have a significant effect on the exchange rate of soybean farmers in Grobogan Regency. The results of the t-test analysis showed that other farm income variables, farmer household food expenditures, non-farm income and non-food expenditures of farmers' households had a significant effect on the soybean farmer's exchange rate, while the variables of farmer age, education, number of farmer family members, and farm income individually does not significantly affect the exchange rate of farmers in Grobogan Regency. From the results of the t-test analysis, the function model of the exchange rate of soybean farmers in Grobogan Regency is Y = 59.418 + 0.381X1 – 2.319X2 + 7.276X3 + 1.077x10-5X4 + 4.498x10-6X5 –3.681 x10-6X6 - 3.656 x10-6X7 - 3,859x10-6X8. Based on the results of the study, suggestions that can be given are that it is necessary to provide counseling regarding increasing the productivity of other farming commodities and being able to maximize the use of the yard to plant vegetables and fruits for household consumption and to use fuel efficiently. Farmers can have a side job outside the agricultural sector such as being a laborer, trader, or other work so as to increase the household income of farmers. The government can provide assistance in the form of capital for farmers both to develop farming and other businesses with the hope that the income obtained by the community will increase so that the welfare of farmers will also increase. In relation to soybean farming, farmers should form partnerships with women farmer groups in selling soybeans.
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Irawan, Evi. „Prospek Partisipasi Petani dalam Program Pembangunan Hutan Rakyat untuk Mitigasi Perubahaan Iklim di Wonosobo“. Forum Geografi 25, Nr. 1 (20.07.2011): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v25i1.5036.
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Past experiences indicate that the success of many farm forestry projects is mainly influenced by farmers’ participation. Ex ante estimation of the likelihood of farmers’ participation in a particular farm forestry project might reduce the risk of project failure. This article is to analyze, ex ante, factors affecting a farmer’s participation in a hypothetical farm forestry project for climate change mitigation based upon a survey data of 117 farm forestry farmers in Tempurejo Village, Wonosobo Regency. Logit estimation suggests that the likelihood of a farmer’s participation is likely affected by age of farmer, education, farm household size and farmer’s experience in farm forestry business. Two policies implication of these findings are that government should increase farmers’ knowledge of climate change through extension programs, such as climate field school, and align the design of farm forestry projects for climate change mitigation with the prevailing farm forestry management system practiced by farmers.
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Susanto, Budi. „Persepsi Petani Muda Terhadap Profesi Sebagai Petani di Kecamatan Bancak Kabupaten Semarang“. Journal of Integrated Agricultural Socio-Economics and Entrepreneurial Research (JIASEE) 1, Nr. 1 (27.11.2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jiasee.1.1.2022.1-8.
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Farmers' work is carried out in rice fields, fields, fields, and gardens which are usually the livelihoods of the villagers. Currently, most of the farmers' work force is managed by older farmers. Meanwhile, the younger generation is less interested in continuing their parents' farming. Youth prefer to try their luck in the city because agriculture is less promising for economic improvement, and agricultural land is decreasing. This causes the youth's view of agriculture to be increasingly limited and it becomes difficult for them to stay on the farm. This study aims to examine the perception of young farmers towards farmer's work, to examine the perception-forming factors and to assess the relationship between the perception-forming factors and the perception of young farmers to the farmer's work. The basic method used is descriptive analysis with survey techniques. The research location was determined purposively, namely Bancak District, Semarang Regency. The sample was determined using a multistage cluster random sampling technique, as many as 60 young farmers spread over three villages, namely Pacekelan Village, Ganggeng Village, and Paduroso Village. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The data analysis used category classes to determine the perception of young farmers towards work as farmers and Rank Spearman (rs) to determine the relationship between the factors that shape perceptions and perceptions of young farmers towards work as farmers. The results showed that there was a very significant relationship between the family environment and socio-culture with youth perceptions of farmer work at the 99% confidence level, at the 95% level there was a significant relationship between work interactions and the primary social environment with youth perceptions of farmer work, while Formal education, non-formal education, secondary social environment, and cosmopolitan have no significant relationship with youth perceptions of farmer work
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Arimbawa, Putu, Hartina Batoa und Laode Afa. „Faktor-Faktor Penentu Pola Pembelajaran Petani dalam Pengembangan Padi Sawah Organik di Kabupaten Kolaka Timur“. Jurnal Ilmiah Membangun Desa dan Pertanian 6, Nr. 5 (18.12.2021): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.37149/jimdp.v6i6.21304.
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This study aimed to analyze the determinants of farmers’ learning patterns in developing organic lowland rice. This research is a survey research with the research location in Lambandia District, East Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The was chosen because some farmers have applied organic lowland rice cultivation technology. The research period was for three months, from July to September 2021. The number of samples was 62 farmers by the census. Research variables were farmers’ characteristics, access to information media, support of supporting factors, and farmer learning patterns. collecting data with structured interviews using a questionnaire. Data analysis used descriptive analysis and SEM-PLS analysis. The results showed that the farmer’s learning pattern was through imitation of innovation with the support of the availability of creation and assistance. Farmer characteristics, supporting factors, and farmer access to information affect farmer learning patterns.
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Komariyati, Komariyati, Endang Siti Rahayu, Mulyanto Mulyanto und Joko Sutrisno. „Influence of Participation, Information and Learning Process on Agribusiness Competence of Pepper Farmers“. Journal of International Conference Proceedings 5, Nr. 2 (01.08.2022): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v5i2.1692.
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This study aims to analyze the effect of participation in community institutions, access to information sources and the learning process on the agribusiness competence of pepper farmers . The research method uses quantitative. The population is farmers in 14 (fourteen) sub-districts of the West Kalimantan Border Region. The sampling technique used was multistage cluster sampling . The number of samples was 160 pepper farmers. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and documentation. The data processing and analysis technique used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the study concluded that: (1) participation in community institutions had a significant effect on the pepper farmer 's learning process; ( 2) access to information sources has a significant effect on the farmer's learning process ; (3) the farmer's learning process has a significant effect on the agribusiness competence of pepper farmers; (3) the farmer learning process becomes a mediating variable for the influence of participation in community institutions and access to information sources on the agribusiness competence of pepper farmers on the border of West Kalimantan, Indonesia.
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Irawan, Evi. „PROSPEK PARTISIPASI PETANI DALAM PROGRAM PEMBANGUNAN HUTAN RAKYAT UNTUK MITIGASI PERUBAHAAN IKLIM DI WONOSOBO“. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 12, Nr. 1 (01.06.2011): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v12i1.206.
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Past experiences indicate that the success of many farm forestry projects is mainly influenced by farmer’s participation. Ex ante estimation of the likelihood of farmers’ participation in a particular farm forestry project might reduce the risk of project failure. This study aims to analyze ex ante, farmer’s participation in a hypothetical farm forestry project for climate change mitigation based upon a survey data of 117 farm forestry farmers in Tempurejo Village, Wonosobo Regency. Logit estimation suggests that the likelihood of a farmer’s participation is likely affected by age of farmer, education, farm household size and farmer’s experience in farm forestry business. Two policies implication of these findings are that government should increase farmers’ knowledge of climate change through extension programs, such as climate field school, and align the design of farm forestry projects for climate change mitigation with the prevailing farm forestry management system practiced by farmers.
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Managanta, A. A., Sumardjo, D. Sadono und P. Tjitropranoto. „Strategy to increase farmers’ productivity cocoa using structural equation modeling“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1107, Nr. 1 (01.12.2022): 012105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1107/1/012105.
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Abstract Cocoa is the main commodity and addition to foreign exchange for the country, especially Indonesia. Cocoa farming carried out by farmers still prioritizes experience passed down from generation to generation in the family and the result of interactions with other farmers in their community. The problem of cocoa farmers in Central Sulawesi Province requires the development of farmer resources. The problem in the cocoa business in Central Sulawesi Province is the low capacity of farmers in terms of knowledge, attitudes, skills, and capital resulting in low income and welfare for cocoa farmers. This research relates to the farmer’s interdependence strategy in increasing cocoa farming productivity. This study uses a survey design to explain the condition of cocoa farmers in Central Sulawesi Province. The research sample was set at 380 by fulfilling the statistical test rules using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), using ten times 38 the number of indicators (observed variables) in the research model. The formulation of strategies to increase interdependence is as follows a strategy to increase farmer interdependence through increasing farmer capacity and a strategy to increase farmer interdependence through institutional support.
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Setyowati, E. S. Rahayu, H. Irianto und J. Sutrisno. „Analysis of marketing efficiency of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) in Karanganyar Regency“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 905, Nr. 1 (01.11.2021): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012056.
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Abstract The research aimed to analyze the marketing efficiency of shallot in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java. The study used the snowball sampling method, which consisted of farmers, collectors, traders, and consumers. Samples in this research are 120 shallot farmers with questionnaires. The data analysis consists of descriptive marketing funnel analysis, marketing margin analysis using the cost, profit, and marketing margin formula calculations, marketing efficiency analysis economically using marketing margin percentage, and farmer’s share. The results indicate that there are four marketing funnels for shallot: (1) Farmers - market traders - retailers - consumers (2) Farmers - collectors - market traders - retailers - consumers (3) Farmers - collectors - market traders outside the city - consumers outside the city (4) Farmers - collectors outside the city - consumers outside the city. Based on the farmer’s share value results, the most efficient in this study was marketing funnel four. It has the highest farmer share value of 88,83% and occurs when shallot farmers sell products directly to final consumers. Farmers are better off offering shallots ready to be sold to the final consumer, so the price offered can be high.
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Astuti, Nuraini Budi. „SIKAP PETANI TERHADAP PROFESI PETANI: UPAYA UNTUK MEMAHAMI PETANI MELALUI PENDEKATAN PSIKOLOGI SOSIAL (KASUS PETANI DI KECAMATAN PAUH, KOTA PADANG)“. Jurnal AGRISEP 15, Nr. 1 (11.03.2016): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.15.1.59-66.
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The farmer behaviour is influenced by many factors and one of them is what the farmer's attitude toward his profession. In order to understand the farmer's behaviour, we have to understand the farmer's attitude in advance. The purposes of this study are: 1) to analyze the farmer's attitude toward his profession, 2) to describe the schematic attitute. The data for this study were analized quantitatively using likest scale and qualitatively using theories of social psicology. The finding shows that the farmers tend to have a positive attitude. Meanwhile the schematic attitude shows that the farmers attitude toward their professions was positive and negative. therefore, extension acctivities should emphasize on changing the aspect of negative attitude. Key word : farmers, behaviour, attitude
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Asfiati, Riska, und Teti Sugiarti. „Motivasi Petani dalam Usahatani Pembibitan Padi (Studi Kasus di Desa Ngumpakdalem Kecamatan Dander Kabupaten Bojonegoro)“. Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis 5, Nr. 3 (01.07.2021): 735–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jepa.2021.005.03.12.
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Rice is the staple food of Indonesian society which cannot be replaced by other staples. The earliner stage in rice cultivation is nursery or seedbed stage. Ngumpakdalem village has a field area of 602,74 hectares, but there are only 30 farmers who work in rice nurseries, because farmers think that rice nursery businesses must be have an expertise, time enough, need a lot of capital, and has some risks. The purpose of this study are to determine the characteristics of farmers who cultivate rice nurseries in Ngumpakdalem village, Dander district, Bojonegoro regency, to find out the level of motivation of farmers in cultivating rice nurseries, to know the factors that motivate farmers in cultivate rice nurseries. Data was collected by census. Data was analyzed with quantitative descriptive use likert scale and multiple linear regression analysis. Farmer’s level motivation in cultivating rice nurseries is high. Farmer’s motivation level in farming rice nurseries is influenced by age, farming experience, number of family dependents, extension intensity, and farmer group activities. Recommendation from the research is that farmers should empower their family members and supporting institutions to be more active in conducting extension activities and farmer group activities in order to increase knowledge and experience to improve rice nursery farming
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Nugraha, Iman Satra, Aprizal Alamsyah, Andi Nur Cahyo, Dwi Shinta Agustina und Lina Fatayati Syarifa. „Optimation of Factors Affecting Rubber Farmer Revenue to Preserve Their Household Income“. ASEAN Journal of Management and Business Studies 3, Nr. 2 (30.08.2021): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26666/rmp.ajmbs.2021.2.2.
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Rubber farming is the main activity of rubber farmers in Musi Banyuasin Regency. Generally, a rubber farmer cultivates quite an extensive rubber plantation area, but the production is not optimal, impacting their revenue. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting rubber farmer revenue and optimize them to preserve their rubber farming business. This research was conducted in Sukamaju Village, Musi Banyuasin Regency, from September – to October 2017. This study used multiple regression analysis with 30 respondents as the samples. The results showed that the average farmer's elementary school education was still in the productive age. The sources of income for farmers came from rubber farming, trading, and labor. At the same time, the factors influencing their revenue were the number of farmers' rubber stands (X2), the price of rubber farmers (X3), and the amount of rubber production (X4). The results of this study are essential to be determined because by knowing the factors affecting the farmer's revenue, farmers can optimize their revenue by increasing these factors. These factors include implementing the good agricultural practice, adopting recommended clones, and selling their product through an organized market.
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Nugra, Iman Satra, Aprizal Alamsyah, Andi Nur Cahyo, Dwi Shinta Agustin und Lina Fatayati Syarifa. „Optimation of Factors Affecting Rubber Farmer Revenue to Preserve Their Household Income“. Advanced Journal of Technical and Vocational Education 5, Nr. 3 (30.09.2021): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26666/rmp.ajtve.2021.3.3.
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Rubber farming is the main activity of rubber farmers in Musi Banyuasin Regency. Generally, a rubber farmer cultivates quite an extensive rubber plantation area, but the production is not optimal, impacting their revenue. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting rubber farmer revenue and optimize them to preserve their rubber farming business. This research was conducted in Sukamaju Village, Musi Banyuasin Regency, from September – to October 2017. This study used multiple regression analysis with 30 respondents as the samples. The results showed that the average farmer's elementary school education was still in the productive age. The sources of income for farmers came from rubber farming, trading, and labor. At the same time, the factors influencing their revenue were the number of farmers' rubber stands (X2), the price of rubber farmers (X3), and the amount of rubber production (X4). The results of this study are essential to be determined because by knowing the factors affecting the farmer's revenue, farmers can optimize their revenue by increasing these factors. These factors include implementing the good agricultural practice, adopting recommended clones, and selling their product through an organized market.
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Amnimarlianda, Binta Islami, Imam Syafi'i und Agus Supriono. „ANALISIS PEMASARAN DAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI SEMANGKA KELOMPOK TANI RIDHO LESTARI DI DESA TEMBOKREJO KECAMATAN MUNCAR KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI“. JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics) 11, Nr. 2 (24.10.2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v11i2.8614.
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Banyuwangi Regency is one of the centers of watermelon production in East Java Province. Muncar Sub-district is a watermelon producing district with the highest harvest and production area in Banyuwangi. The village of Muncar sub-district known as watermelon producing village is Tembokrejo Village. This research conducted in the Tembokrejo Village at the farmer group of Ridho Lestari has three purposes, namely: (1) to know the marketing channel of watermelon, (2) to know the margin and efficiency of watermelon marketing, and (3) to know the income and efficiency of watermelon farming. The results showed that farmers of watermelon farmer group Ridho Lestari have 4 marketing channels, namely: (a) farmers - wholesalers - retailers - consumers, (b) farmers - middlemen - wholesalers - retailers - consumers, (c) farmers - middlemen - retailers - consumers, and (d) farmers - exporters - importers; (2) the non-exported watermelon marketing margin is low and efficient, while the export marketing margin is high and inefficient; (3) Ridho Lestari farmers' watermelon farmer's income is beneficial and the cost of watermelon farming is efficient.
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Nursalam, Nursalam. „Preference of Grouper Fish Marketing Institution in Tanggetada Sub-District Kolaka District“. Agribusiness Journal 2, Nr. 2 (27.11.2017): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/aj.v2i2.297.
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The objectives of the study were to train clove farmers group about the post-harvest handling system in order to produce essential oils with export quality, to train clove farmers group in terms of essential oil processing system as well as to encourage clove farmers group to apply appropriate technology for processing of clove essential oil with export quality. In general, the main and most common problems faced by clove farmers are inadequate system of clove essential oil processing system, the handling system and equipment used are not up to standard, moreover, the technology used in handling, durability, and package of clove essential oils still very limited. The approaches offered and agreed by the clove farmer group are as follow: (1) General approach, (2) Determination of training participants, (3) Types and procedures of training (training strategy), and (4) Scale of the program. The expected targets and outcomes of this community service program are: Farmer groups are able to apply appropriate technology in the production of clove essential oil, both to post-harvest handling, processing and storage of clove essential oils to obtain added value. In fact, knowledge of farmers about post-harvest handling and processing technology of clove essential oil to increase farmer's income is still very poor. The results of analysis of essential oil clove processing showed that the clove leaves utilization as an effort to create an added value of farmer’s income by Rp. 13,000,000 per production unit. The difference in selling price between the dried clove leaves and processed clove leaves into essential oil was Rp. 10,765,000. Comparative test (t-test) showed that t-count value for selling dried clove leaves was 16,068 while clove leaves processed into essential oil was 35,108. The t-table value of 1,675 indicated that t count t table where H_0 is rejected and H_1 is accepted. It concludes that there is a comparative income of farmer who sells dried clove leaves and farmers who sell clove leaves in the form of essential oils.
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Amin, Muhtar. „Analysis of Processing of Clove Essential Oil In Lawulo Village Samaturu Sub-District Kolaka District“. Agribusiness Journal 2, Nr. 2 (27.11.2017): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/aj.v2i2.257.
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The objectives of the study were to train clove farmers group about the post-harvest handling system in order to produce essential oils with export quality, to train clove farmers group in terms of essential oil processing system as well as to encourage clove farmers group to apply appropriate technology for processing of clove essential oil with export quality. In general, the main and most common problems faced by clove farmers are inadequate system of clove essential oil processing system, the handling system and equipment used are not up to standard, moreover, the technology used in handling, durability, and package of clove essential oils still very limited. The approaches offered and agreed by the clove farmer group are as follow: (1) General approach, (2) Determination of training participants, (3) Types and procedures of training (training strategy), and (4) Scale of the program. The expected targets and outcomes of this community service program are: Farmer groups are able to apply appropriate technology in the production of clove essential oil, both to post-harvest handling, processing and storage of clove essential oils to obtain added value. In fact, knowledge of farmers about post-harvest handling and processing technology of clove essential oil to increase farmer's income is still very poor. The results of analysis of essential oil clove processing showed that the clove leaves utilization as an effort to create an added value of farmer’s income by Rp. 13,000,000 per production unit. The difference in selling price between the dried clove leaves and processed clove leaves into essential oil was Rp. 10,765,000. Comparative test (t-test) showed that t-count value for selling dried clove leaves was 16,068 while clove leaves processed into essential oil was 35,108. The t-table value of 1,675 indicated that t count t table where H_0 is rejected and H_1 is accepted. It concludes that there is a comparative income of farmer who sells dried clove leaves and farmers who sell clove leaves in the form of essential oils.
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Chaturvedi, A. K., R. Srivastava, R. P. Chaudhary, Ajay Tiwari, V. Dwivedi und Neeraj Singh. „Impact Analysis of Tomato through Front Lined Demonstration under Mid Plain Agro-Climatic Zone of Uttar Pradesh, India“. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, Nr. 10 (25.08.2023): 1172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102767.
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Aims: Tomatoes benefit local farmers because of their excellent storage and truck-gardening capabilities. Because of local demand, tomatoes are a prominent commercial vegetable production in the Bhadohi area. A Frontline demonstration was held to cover the aforementioned possibility and impact of increase farmer earnings.
Place and Duration of Study: The current study was conducted by ICAR-IIVR - Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bhadohi for five years in a row from 2018–19 to 2022–23 in the farmers' fields in various areas of the district using front-line demonstration.
Methodology: Over the investigation's five years, a total of 112 demonstrations were held at farmer fields on 5.0 ha of land. Each frontline demonstration was set up on 0.1 ha of land, with the nearby 0.3 ha serving as the comparison control (farmer's practice). KVK scientists gathered information on yield, production costs, and returns from farmers' practice plots (control plots) and front-line demonstration plots. Finally, the formulas proposed by Samui et al. [1] was used to calculate the extension gap, technology gap, and technology index.
Results: Under the five-year FLD program, the average extension gap was 140.9 q/ha, the technology gap was 184.74 q/ha, and the technology indexwas 30.79 percent. The benefit cost ratio of tomato ranged from 5.02 to 7.44 in demonstration plots and from 3.99 to 5.74 in farmer’s practice plots during five years of demonstration with an average of 2.60 in demonstration and 2.09 under farmer’s practices.
Conclusion: Front-line example shows how new technology may boost output and profit .The Bhadohi districts of Uttar Pradesh's mid plain have improved vegetable production, consumption, nutritional security, and overall livelihood security as a result of the productivity gain under FLD over existing tomato cultivation practices. This has increased awareness and inspired other farmers in the district to adopt the demonstrated technologies for tomato production.
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Juliaviani, Noratun, Sahara Sahara und Ratna Winandi. „ANALISIS PEMASARAN KOPI ARABIKA GAYO DI KABUPATEN ACEH TENGAH PROVINSI ACEH“. Jurnal Agrisep 22, Nr. 2 (18.01.2022): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agrisep.v22i2.24392.
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This study aims to determine the general description of Gayo Arabica coffee marketing channels from farmers to consumers and to analyze the marketing efficiency of Gayo Arabica coffee in Aceh Tengah Regency. Respondents in this study were Gayo Arabica coffee farmers with a total of 40 farmers and 5 traders. Data analysis in this study uses marketing channel analysis by identifying marketing institutions involved in product distribution from the producer or farmer level to consumers and to determine the performance of Gayo Arabica coffee using quantitative analysis with marketing margins and farmer's share. The results show that in Aceh Tengah Regency there are 3 kinds of marketing channels carried out by farmers, namely: channel 1 (Farmers - Collector traders - Exporters (private) - Importers), channel 2 (Farmers - Collector traders - Cooperatives (exporters) - Importers), channel 3 (Farmers - Collectors - Cooperatives (non-exporters) - Importers). The results of the analysis of the market performance of Gayo Arabica coffee show that marketing channel 2 is the marketing channel with the lowest marketing margin, the smallest marketing cost, and the largest farmer's share compared to other marketing channels.
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Martina, M., und Riyandhi Praza. „Analisis Tingkat Kesejahteraan Petani Padi Sawah Di Kabupaten Aceh Utara“. Agrifo : Jurnal Agribisnis Universitas Malikussaleh 3, Nr. 2 (29.11.2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/ag.v3i2.1109.
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Aceh Utara is an area of rice production centres in Aceh Province which has a large contribution in fulfillment food needs of community. Even though, does’t guarantee the high level of prosperity of rice farmers in Aceh Utara. The research aims to analyze prosperity level rice farmers in Aceh Utara.The research implemented in Sawang District, Lhoksukon, and Baktiya as an area of rice production centers in Aceh Utara. The sample in this research were 60 farmers who do rice farming and analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis based on prosperity indicators of farmers namely the level of structure of farmer's household income, structure of household food consumption, performance level of household food security, the level of purchasing power of farmer households, and the development of the farmers' exchange rate. Analysis results from indicators of income strusture, structure of household food consumption, performance level of household food security show that the level of prosperity of farmers is still low while seen from the level of purchasing power of farmer households, and the development of the farmers' exchange rate already well
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Vince Lloyd Q. Balisi , Heherson B. Albano , Mario T. Umayam, Rosemary L. Buraga. „Digital Farmer’s Profiling System for Decision Support Towards E-Governance“. Journal of Electrical Systems 20, Nr. 4s (08.04.2024): 608–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.2078.
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The "Digital Farmer's Profiling System for Decision Support in E-Governance Research" is an innovative approach harnessing digital technologies to elevate the realms of agriculture and governance. Its primary objective was to create an integrated digital profiling system for farmers, enabling the collection and analysis of essential farmer data, thereby facilitating informed decision-making for both farmers and departmental agriculture offices. Specifically, the project aimed to develop a profiling system with distinct components, including farmer profiles, land profiles, livestock and poultry information, aquaculture farmer data, service provider details, livelihood insights, and cost and return analysis information. Additionally, the system features an efficient reporting mechanism capable of generating critical information, such as lists of farmers and land forecasting data. The research employed a qualitative methodology, gathering data from sample documents and interviews involving registered farmers and agricultural stakeholders, selected through a stratified sampling approach to ensure diversity in geographical locations and farm types. Ethical considerations, including a rigorous commitment to data privacy and obtaining informed consent, were meticulously observed throughout the research process. The Agile software development model was employed for designing and developing the system. This study has not only successfully met all the requirements of a farmer's profiling system with an exceptional capability by encompassing key components. Furthermore, it features a robust reporting mechanism for generating crucial data, including lists of farmers and land forecasting information
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Firmanda, Nanda, Lukman Mohammad Baga und Joko Purwono. „Analisis Pemasaran Pinang di Kabupaten Bireuen, Provinsi Aceh“. Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia 10, Nr. 1 (22.06.2022): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jai.2022.10.1.126-141.
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Indonesia is the fifth largest areca producer with a land area of 137,600 ha in 2015 with a production of 47.000 tons and a productivity of 0,34 tons/ha (Directorate General of Plantations, 2016). Aceh Province is one of the centers for areca cultivation in Indonesia. Areca is a commodity that is mostly cultivated by farmers in Bireuen Regency. So that, this commodity has an important role in the life of farmers in Bireuen Regency because their income depends on the areca cultivated. Generally, the weak bargaining position of farmers is due to the lack of market access and market information. Different price levels received by farmers will create marketing margins. This study aimed to identify and analyze areca marketing and analyze the operational efficiency of areca marketing in Bireuen Regency, Aceh Province. Qualitative descriptive analysis was used to analyze areca marketing channels. Meanwhile, quantitative analysis is used to measure the efficiency of areca marketing by using marketing margin analysis, farmer's share. The results showed that there were 3 marketing channels in Bireuen Regency which involved three marketing agencies, namely village collectors, sub-district collectors and wholesalers. There are 38 farmers (66,67 percent) that chose the first channel (Farmer – Village Collector Traders – Wholesalers). When viewed from the lowest margin (Rp 5.975,00/Kg) and the highest farmer's share (65,37 percent), the relatively efficient marketing channel is channel 2, namely Farmers-Wholesales. In the areca marketing, it appears that there is no institutional role at the farmer level in increasing the bargaining power of areca farmers in Bireuen Regency. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the role of farmer level institutions in the processing and marketing of areca in order to improve the bargaining position of areca farmers.
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Ranganathan, Thiagu, und Usha Ananthakumar. „Does hedging in futures market benefit Indian farmers?“ Studies in Economics and Finance 31, Nr. 3 (29.07.2014): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-12-2012-0143.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to perform an analysis of potential benefits from usage of the futures markets for the farmers. The national commodity exchanges were established in India in the year 2003-2004. Though there has been a spectacular growth in trading volumes in these exchanges, participation of farmers in these markets has been very low. Efforts are being made to increase the awareness and participation of farmers in these markets. As such efforts are being made, it is critical to analyse the potential benefits from usage of the futures markets for the farmers. Our study performs such an analysis for soybean farmers in the Dewas district of Madhya Pradesh state in India. Design/methodology/approach – The authors estimate the optimal hedge ratios in futures markets for farmers in different scenarios characterised by varying levels of different parameters relevant to the farmer. For these optimal hedge ratios, we then estimate the benefits from hedging defined as the change in certainty equivalent income (CEI) due to hedging. Findings – Results indicate that the CEI gain due to hedging is positively related to the farmer’s risk aversion and inversely related to farmer’s price expectations and transaction costs. Also, only when the risk aversion is high, the CEI gain is positively related to the natural hedge. Thus, for a farmer with high risk aversion, hedging acts as a substitute to the natural hedge. Originality/value – This is the first study that analyses the hedging for farmer in the Indian context by considering yield risk while doing so. Also, their study establishes a relationship between risk aversion, the natural hedge and benefits from hedging in futures markets for the farmer.
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Adam, Echan, und Amir Halid. „Literasi keuangan dan kesejahteraan rumah tangga petani di Gorontalo“. AGROMIX 13, Nr. 2 (04.09.2022): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/agx.v13i2.2677.
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Introduction: The decline in the Farmer's Exchange Rate (NTP) index of Gorontalo Province in 2020 (96.93) compared to the before four years ago (>100) indicates a decline in farmer welfare. On the other hand, increasing financial literacy is the government's focus in realizing people's welfare. The purpose of this study was analyzed the level of financial literacy of farmer households, as well as its effect on the farmer household welfare in Gorontalo Province. Method: Sample was selected based on purposive sampling technique with a total of 120 farmer households. The data analysis technique uses a linear regression model with a dummy variable technique and adds a variable social support of the farmer's household in estimating the effect of financial literacy on the farmer's household welfare. Result: The results of this study indicate that financial literacy which consists of variable knowledge of financial institutions and ownership of savings account, has a positive and significant effect on the farmer household welfare. Farmers who have literacy and access to capital at financial institutions are predicted to be 46.57% more likely to prosper than those who do not. Likewise, farmers who have savings accounts at financial institutions are estimated to be 44.1% more likely to prosper than farmers who do not have savings account. The variable of social support of farmer households, such as: household heads’ age, number household members, and number of employed household, also affected the farmer households welfare in Gorontalo Province. Conclusion: Financial literacy determines the level of welfare of farmer households in Gorontalo Province. Efforts to increase the level of financial literacy of farmers in Gorontalo Province need to be realized in the form of financial education programs in order to support Government programs.
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Muhtarom, Ahmad, Teguh Djuharyanto und Adhi Iman Sulaiman. „FARMERS EMPOWERMENT ON FOOD SECURITY PROGRAM IN ENGGAL MAJU FARMERS GROUP ASSOCIATION OF KEBUMEN REGENCY“. Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 5, Nr. 1 (31.05.2021): 110–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v5i1.8415.
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Agriculture is a strategic sector in national development because it plays an important role infood availability and realizes food security. The Farmer's attitude is one of the determining aspects toinvolvement farmers in empowerment programs for food security. A research, aiming to describe thefarmer's attitude and analyze the farmer's attitudes and the influence factors that influence the farmer'sattitudes on the food security empowerment program. The research used mixed method, the number ofresearch respondents was 60 farmers members of the farmer's group association Enggal Maju KebumenDistrict, determined by cluster random sampling, and for qualitative data, the informants were selectedpurposively. The Farmer's attitude analyzed with descriptive analysis and the influence factors offarmers' attitude used multiple linear regression analysis. Farmer's attitude analyzed with descriptiveanalysis and the influence factors of farmer's attitude used multiple linear regression analysis. Theresult show that the farmer's attitudes in terms of cognitive, affective, and conative components towardthe objectives program were high, farmer's attitudes towards, the target, implementation, and benefits ofthe program were very highly classified. Farm size, personal experience, and the influence of the important people were a significant effect on the farmer's attitudes in food security empowermentprograms. The need to maximize the function of farmer’s groups, consistency of extension workers,agencies and heads of Gapoktan assist and guide farmers so that the sustainability of activities ismaintained