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1
Sheikh-Mohamadi, Mohamad-Hossein, Nematollah Etemadi und Mostafa Arab. „Correlation of Heat and Cold Tolerance in Iranian Tall Fescue Ecotypes with Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Osmotic Adjustment“. HortScience 53, Nr. 7 (Juli 2018): 1062–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13088-18.
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Excessive heat or cold usually reduces the growth and quality of turfgrass. Genetic variations along with efficient biochemical and physiological mechanisms can diversify the tolerance to heat and cold. This study examined the effects of heat and cold stress on several biochemical and physiological parameters in Iranian tall fescue ecotypes (Festuca arundinacea L.). The control group of plants was maintained under optimal temperatures, whereas other groups were exposed to heat or cold in a growth chamber. The experiment was designed as a split plot, with stress treatments as the main plots and ecotypes as subplots. Physiologically and biochemically, the results revealed that three ecotypes (‘FA1’, ‘FA3’, and ‘FA5’) of the eight ecotypes examined in this study had better abilities to survive the simulated heat and cold stress. Better tolerance to heat and cold in the ‘FA1’, ‘FA3’, and ‘FA5’ ecotypes were probably due to higher levels of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant activities, maintenance of lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), higher levels of proline and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), along with a more efficient osmotic adjustment. Diamine oxidase (DAO) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) activities increased significantly in ‘FA1’, ‘FA3’, and ‘FA5’ ecotypes. In summary, the strength of tolerance among ecotypes can be ranked as ‘FA1’ > ‘FA3’ > ‘FA5’ > ‘FA2’ > ‘FA6’ > ‘FA4’ > ‘FA7’ > ‘FA8’ under heat stress and ‘FA5’> ‘FA1’ > ‘FA3’ > ‘FA2’ > ‘FA4’ > ‘FA6’ > ‘FA7’ > ‘FA8’ under cold stress.
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Kim, Myung-Il, und Seung-Hae Kim. „Development of a Fan Simulator Using Supercomputer“. Journal of manufacturing engineering & technology 21, Nr. 5 (15.10.2012): 805–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7735/ksmte.2012.21.5.805.
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Nuckolls, W. E., und W. F. Ng. „Fan Noise Reduction From a Supersonic Inlet During Simulated Aircraft Approach“. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, Nr. 2 (01.04.1995): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2814086.
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A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the radiation of fan noise from a supersonic inlet during a simulated aircraft approach. A scaled-down model of an axisymmetric, mixed-compression, supersonic inlet (P-inlet) was used in conjunction with a 10.4 cm (4.1 in) diameter turbofan engine simulator as the noise source. The tests were conducted at an outdoor facility under static conditions. The main goal of the experiment was to reduce the forward radiating fan noise by modifying the auxiliary inlet doors. The modified doors are designed to reduce the inlet distortion to the fan face. In addition, the new door design also uses a converging flow passage in order to take advantage of the noise attenuation due to the choking effect at the auxiliary door. The simulator was tested at 60 percent design speed in an attempt to match the simulator noise source to that of a real aircraft engine on approach. Both aerodynamic and acoustic measurements were taken in the experiments. The results show that when compared to the original design, the modified auxiliary inlet doors reduced the circumferential inlet distortion to the fan face by a factor of two. The key result is that the blade passing frequency tone has been decreased by an average of 6 dB in the forward sector for the modified door design. Results from the closed auxiliary inlet door case are also presented to provide additional comparisons.
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Balan, C. „Design Considerations of a Versatile Simulator for High-Bypass Turbofans“. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 117, Nr. 1 (01.01.1995): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2812778.
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The continuing requirement for performance improvement of higher thrust turbofans is met by increased bypass ratios. The trend toward higher bypass ratios and relatively large-diameter low-pressure-ratio fans requires innovative design approaches, which include shorter inlets, slimmer nacelles, shorter fan ducts and exhaust systems, and possible elimination of thrust reverser. The success of this new generation of high-bypass ducted turbofans depends on understanding the acoustic impact from reduced treatment areas, inlet-fan coupling and operability, as well as overall system performance. To achieve these goals a versatile scale model propulsion simulator large enough to operate as a fan rig, yet small enough to be installed in a wind tunnel for evaluating overall acoustic, operability, and system performance, was developed. The criteria of designing such a simulator and its capabilities are discussed in this paper.
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Mitchell, Kenneth J. „SYLVER: Modelling the Impact of Silviculture on Yield, Lumber Value, and Economic Return“. Forestry Chronicle 64, Nr. 2 (01.04.1988): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc64127b1-2.
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Intensive forest management requires an understanding of the effect that silvicultural treatments have on wood properties, standing yield, log quality, product value, and net present value. These needs are addressed by a system of models (SYLVER) which includes the Tree and Stand Simulator (TASS), Root Rot Simulator (ROTSIM), Sawmill Simulator (SAWSIM), and the new Financial Analysis System (FAN$Y). The latter will be used by field foresters to compare the merits of candidate treatments for specific stands. Key words: Silviculture, growth and yield, juvenile wood, log quality, end-product value, net present value, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Phellinus weirii, modelling, TASS, ROTSIM, SAWSIM, FAN$Y, SYLVER.
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Sullivan, T. J. „Aerodynamic Performance of a Scale-Model, Counterrotating Unducted Fan“. Journal of Turbomachinery 112, Nr. 4 (01.10.1990): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927696.
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The aerodynamic performance of a scale-model, counterrotating unducted fan has been determined and the results are discussed herein. Experimental investigations were conducted using the scale-model propulsor simulator and uniquely shaped fan blades designed by the General Electric Company under contract to NASA. The blades, designed for a high disk loading at Mach 0.72, 35,000 ft altitude max climb condition, are aft-mounted on the simulator in a “pusher” configuration. Data are compared with analytical predictions at the design point and show good agreement.
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Farfán, Ricardo Fabricio Muñoz, Telly Yarita Macías Zambrano, Vicente Paúl Zambrano Valencia und Victor Manuel Delgado Sosa. „Design and construction of a cold production simulator system: chiller“. International journal of physical sciences and engineering 3, Nr. 3 (25.11.2019): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijpse.v3n3.367.
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The design and construction of a cold production system from the ice water submitted by a mechanical direct expansion system contributing to the development of knowledge in the area of air conditioning were carried out. Among the technical design parameters, a direct expansion system with cooling capacity of 9000 BTU/Hrs, R134 refrigerant gas to a turbine for the work of the Fan Coil of ½ Hp of force 220 V was selected, as was the fan motor of the cooling tower as fundamental means for heat transfer. The recirculation pumping system is carried out by pumps of 0.37 kW of power and a maximum flow of 40 l/min. For both the evaporator sump (cold) and the condenser sump (hot). The work stage is given in two independent circuits, the Fan Coil system is connected to the evaporator sump and the cooling tower, in turn, is connected to the condensation system for proper operation and achieve condensation temperatures of 35 ° C and in case of having water requirements in the cold sump, the tower is connected by means of an electromagnetic valve for its supply.
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Choi, Daehyun, Jaemoon Lee und Sehong Min. „A Study on Analyzing the Operation Time of the Sprinkler Head near the Beam with Fire Simulation“. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, Nr. 1 (29.02.2020): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.1.265.
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In this study, the dangers surrounding vehicular fires were identified by means of statistical analysis of the national fire information system. The analysis was conducted on the operation time of the sprinkler fire extinguisher, which plays the most essential role during the initial fire extinguishing attempt, in case of a fire outbreak. A simulation was created using the application guidelines pertaining to a sprinkler head located close to a beam as provided in NFSC 103. The operation time of the sprinkler head was analyzed for the case of a parking lot fire where a fan was operated. Fire Dynamics Simulator was used as the simulation program. If the revised guidelines were applied to thesimulation, the sprinkler head located directly above the fire source was activated approximately 1 minin advance compared to the sprinkler head operating under current standards. Therefore, it was found that the revised guidelines were suitable and aided in early fire extinguishing attempts. In the case where a fan was operated along with the detector, during the outbreak of a fire, it was found that the operation of the sprinkler head located directly above the fire was delayed by two or more minutes compared to the simulated case where no fan was operated.
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Li, Min Xia, Xiu Hui Li und Zhan Zhong Wang. „A Study of Airflow Organization in the Desert Environment Simulation Laboratory“. Advanced Materials Research 171-172 (Dezember 2010): 728–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.171-172.728.
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In this dissertation, the internal field of a laboratory of desert environment simulation was studied and analyzed. According to the sizes of the axial-fans and the laboratory, the numerical models of the fans and the laboratory were built with CAD and GAMBIT. The numerical simulation was carried out with commercial CFD software-Fluent and the k-ε model was established to research this project. The variation effect of the height of the solar simulator and the opening with exhaust hood on the flow field was also investigated. And the demand of different velocity outlet conditions could be met by changing fan rotational speed. From the results of the simulation and the experiment, it is shown that the method of numerical simulation coupling fan and laboratory model was feasible to the simulation of the laboratory.
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Wang, Ming Yung, und Hsiao Kang Ma. „Numerical Study of Solid Biomass Fuel in a Gasifier System“. Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (Juni 2014): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.191.
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In this study, the gasification processes of different Taiwan’s agriculture wastes were studied by using software of Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS), which developed by American National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to build a model of downdraft fixed bed gasifier. Details of the operation condition for the Taiwan’s agriculture waste biomass fuel in the gasifier were obtained. They include traction fan speed, leakage air, internal temperature, moisture, and cold gas efficiency. The simulated results are found in small type fixed bed biomass gasifier under traction fan initial speed is 0.2m/s, the leakage air in the gasification area is less than 10% of the amount of wind quantity by traction fan and moisture content of solid biomass is limited at 10% ~ 20%(vol.) that temperature in gasification zone with steady supply fuel gas condition is near 850~900°C.
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Chuang, H. A., und J. M. Verdon. „A Nonlinear Numerical Simulator for Three-Dimensional Flows Through Vibrating Blade Rows“. Journal of Turbomachinery 121, Nr. 2 (01.04.1999): 348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841321.
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The three-dimensional, multistage, unsteady, turbomachinery analysis, TURBO, has been extended to predict the aeroelastic response of a blade row operating within a cylindrical annular duct. In particular, a blade vibration capability has been incorporated, so that the TURBO analysis can be applied over a solution domain that deforms with a vibratory blade motion. Also, unsteady far-field conditions have been implemented to render the computational inlet and exit boundaries transparent to outgoing unsteady disturbances and to allow for the prescription of incoming aerodynamic excitations. The modified TURBO analysis has been applied to predict unsteady subsonic and transonic flows. The intent is to validate this nonlinear analysis partially for blade flutter applications via numerical results for benchmark unsteady flows, and to demonstrate this analysis for a realistic fan rotor. For these purposes, we have considered unsteady subsonic flows through a three-dimensional version of the 10th Standard Cascade and unsteady transonic flows through the first-stage rotor of the NASA Lewis Rotor 67 fan. Some general correlations between aeromechanical stabilities and fan operating characteristics will be presented.
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Dahlan, NY, S. Z. Sakimin, M. Faizwan, N. Ajmain und A. A. Aris. „Automated Calibration Of Greenhouse Energy Model Using Hybrid Evolutionary Programming (EP)-Energy Plus“. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12, Nr. 2 (01.11.2018): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i2.pp648-654.
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This paper presents an optimization approach of calibrating a tomato greenhouse energy model using hybrid Evolutionary Programming (EP)-EnergyPlus. The proposed methodology applies automated simulation-based approach by coupling Matlab and EnergyPlus to perform building energy simulation and obtain the best variables configuration with minimal error between the simulated and measured energy of the greenhouse. The proposed method is tested using a tomato greenhouse system located in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). The greenhouse envelope is built using 0.15mm thick Transparency Plastic Film. Meanwhile, the electrical loads in the greenhouse consists of 6 exhaust fans, 2 axial fans, 5 fluorescent lamps and 1 irrigation pump. An Evolutionary Programming (EP) algorithm is chosen and programmed in Matlab to find the best configurations for optimum calibration of the greenhouse energy model. Three variables were chosen to find the best configuration which are the operating hours of Exhaust Fan, Axial Fan and Water Pump. The EP optimization algorithm in Matlab is coupled with building energy simulator, EnergyPlus using BCVTB as the coupling tool. Result shows that the EnergyPlus-EP model can provide NMBE and CV(RMSE) within the range recommended by the IPMVP protocol. The proposed method is not only requiring less computation time but also effective in searching for the best variables configuration with minimal error.
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Fei, Chun Guo, Jin Long Zhang, Tian Hao Liu und Hai Zhong Xu. „A Kind of Environment Monitoring System Used for Aircraft Fire Training Simulator“. Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 1250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.1250.
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Aircraft fire training simulators are key facilities in airport used for firefighters to do firefighting trainings. In order to protect the safety of firefighters, the monitoring system should be applied to monitor the internal environment of the simulator. In accordance with the requirements of the training environment, a kind of monitoring system based on MCU and GPRS communication components are built. The parameterized PID controller, the sensor detection module, the fan and spray drive module are consisted of closed-loop to achieve real-time control and regulation on the smoke and temperature of the internal simulator. Using GPRS module, the internal scenes of the simulator are sent to the command center through the information transmission system. Based on the information transported from training site, command center can take the appropriate training programs to guide firefighters. Use this system, the training safety is ensured and the training efficiency is improved at the same time.
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Bansal, Deepika, Bal Chand Nagar, Brahamdeo Prasad Singh und Ajay Kumar. „Low Power Wide Fan-in Domino OR Gate Using CN-MOSFETs“. International Journal of Sensors, Wireless Communications and Control 10, Nr. 1 (07.02.2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210327909666190207163639.
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Background & Objective: In this paper, a modified pseudo domino configuration has been proposed to improve the leakage power consumption and Power Delay Product (PDP) of dynamic logic using Carbon Nanotube MOSFETs (CN-MOSFETs). The simulations for proposed and published domino circuits are verified by using Synopsys HSPICE simulator with 32nm CN-MOSFET technology which is provided by Stanford. Methods: The simulation results of the proposed technique are validated for improvement of wide fan-in domino OR gate as a benchmark circuit at 500 MHz clock frequency. Results: The proposed configuration is suitable for cascading of the high performance wide fan-in circuits without any charge sharing. Conclusion: The performance analysis of 8-input OR gate demonstrate that the proposed circuit provides lower static and dynamic power consumption up to 62 and 40% respectively, and PDP improvement is 60% as compared to standard domino circuit.
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Guo, Qiao Na, und Zhi Fang Zhou. „Hydrodynamics in the Luanhe River Alluvial Fan of the Piedmont Plain Zone, China“. Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (Dezember 2014): 2948–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2948.
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This paper investigated the interaction of groundwater and river in an alluvial fan of the piedmont plain zone, China. Field observations of groundwater level were performed. The three-dimensional finite element model using the simulator Feflow was used to simulate the observed groundwater level. The model was auto-calibrated against observations of groundwater head from wells distributed across the region. Good correspondence between simulated and measured water level was found for the monitored wells. The relatively small magnitudes of RMSE and MAE indicate that the predictions of the numerical model are reasonable. The water balance difference is -49.9×104m3/d, which indicates that the water balance is negative balance.
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NODA, Minoru, Megumi NINOMIYA und Fumiaki NAGAO. „Development of a New Tornado Simulator with Multi-fan and Multi-vane“. Journal of Wind Engineering 39, Nr. 1 (2014): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5359/jwe.39.13.
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Horiuchi, Tetsuya, Shuji Yamamoto und Kenya Murase. „Development of DICOM image-based CT low dose simulator using fan-beam transform“. Technology and Health Care 21, Nr. 5 (28.10.2013): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/thc-130746.
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Brzezińska, Dorota. „Practical aspects of jet fan ventilation systems modelling in fire dynamics simulator code“. International Journal of Ventilation 17, Nr. 4 (15.11.2017): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733315.2017.1400733.
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Ahn, Tae Jun, und Yun Seop Yu. „Circuit Simulation Considering Electrical Coupling in Monolithic 3D Logics with Junctionless FETs“. Micromachines 11, Nr. 10 (24.09.2020): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11100887.
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The junctionless field-effect transistor (JLFET) compact model using the model parameters extracted from the LETI-UTSOI (version 2.1) model was proposed to perform circuit simulation considering the electrical coupling between the stacked JLFETs of a monolithic 3D integrated circuit (M3DIC) composed of JLFETs (M3DIC-JLFET). We validated the model by extracting the model parameters and comparing the simulation results of the technology computer-aided design and the Synopsys HSPICE circuit simulator. The performance of the M3DIC-JLFET was compared with that of the M3DIC composed of MOSFETs (M3DIC-MOSFET). The performance of a fan-out-3 ring oscillator with M3DIC-JLFET varied by less than 3% compared to that with M3DIC-MOSFET. The performances of ring oscillators of M3DIC-JLFET and M3DIC-MOSFET were almost the same. We simulated the performances of M3DICs such as an inverter, a NAND, a NOR, a 2 × 1 multiplexer, and a D flip-flop. The overall performance of the M3DIC-MOSFET was slightly better than that of the M3DIC-JLFET.
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Nasrullah, Hamid, und Slamet Ridho Illahi. „Pengujian Arus pada Simulator Sistem Kelistrikan Air Conditioner (AC)“. AEEJ : Journal of Automotive Engineering and Vocational Education 1, Nr. 2 (30.12.2020): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/aeej.v1i2.32.
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Air Conditioner is part in a car to achieve safety and security in driving. The purpose of this study was to determine the current of the air conditioner electrical system, identify the electrical circuit and analyze the electrical circuit of the air conditioner system. This research used experimental method. The air conditioner system simulator show current and voltage generated at blower speed 1: current 15.1 A, produces a temperature of 26 ℃, blower speed 2: current 15.2 A, produces a temperature of 25 ℃, blower speed 3: current 15.5 A, yields a temperature of 24 ℃. Whereas in the car the current and voltage generated by blower speed 1: current 17.4 A, produces a temperature of 21 ℃, blower speed 2: current 17.7 A, produces a temperature of 20 ℃, blower speed 3: current 17.9 A, produces a temperature of 19 ℃. So, the higher the current has an effect on the resulting performance of the air conditioner system. And the lower the current generated, the blower, magnetic clutch and extra fan performance is not optimal when the AC system is running.
Sistem Air Conditioner merupakan bagian dari mobil untuk mencapai keyamanan dan keamanan dalam berkendara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui arus sistem kelistrikan air conditioner, mengidentifikasi rangkaian kelistrikan dan menganalisis rangkaian kelistrikan sistem air conditioner. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental. Hasil pengujian arus dan tegangan yang dihasilkan pada simulator blower speed 1: arus 15,1 A, menghasilkan suhu 26℃, blower speed 2: arus 15,2 A, menghasilkan suhu 25℃, blower speed 3: arus 15,5 A, menghasilkan suhu 24℃. Sedangan pada mobil arus dan tegangan yang dihasilkan blower speed 1: arus 17,4 A, menghasilkan suhu 21℃, blower speed 2: arus 17,7 A, menghasilkan suhu 20℃, blower speed 3: arus 17,9 A, menghasilkan suhu 19℃. Jadi, semakin tinggi arus berpengaruh pada kinerja yang dihasilkan sistem air conditioner. Dan semakin rendah arus yang dihasilkan membuat kinerja blower, magnetic clutch dan extra fan menjadi tidak maksimal pada saat sistem AC bekerja.
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Wrona, Paweł, Zenon Różański, Grzegorz Pach und Lech Domagała. „The Application of a Jet Fan for the Control of Air and Methane Streams Mixing at the Excavations Cross – The Results of Numerical Simulation“. Management Systems in Production Engineering 23, Nr. 3 (01.09.2016): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-03-03-2016.
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Abstract The paper presents the results of numerical simulations into the distribution of methane concentration at the intersection of two excavations with a fan (turned on) giving the air stream to the area of the crossing. Assumed case represents emergency situation related to the unexpected flow of methane from an excavation and its mixing with fresh air. It is possible when sudden gas outburst takes place, methane leaks from methane drainage system or gas leaks out the pipelines of underground coal gasification devices. Three options were considered - corresponding to three different speeds of the jet fan. They represent three stages of fan work. First - low air speed is forced by a pneumatic fan, when electricity is cut off after high methane concentration detection. Medium speed can be forced by pneumatic-electric device when methane concentration allows to turn on the electricity. Third, the highest speed is for electric fans. Simulations were carried out in the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) belongs to the group of programs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The governing equations are being solved in a numerical way. It was shown that proposed solution allows partial dilution of methane in every variant of speed what should allow escape of the miners from hazardous area.
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Brzezinska, Dorota, und Marcin Sompolinski. „The accuracy of mapping the airstream of jet fan ventilators by fire dynamics simulator“. Science and Technology for the Built Environment 23, Nr. 5 (14.11.2016): 736–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23744731.2016.1249234.
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Bansal, Deepika, Bal Chand Nagar, Brahamdeo Prasad Singh und Ajay Kumar. „Improved Domino Logic Circuits and its Application in Wide Fan-In OR Gates“. Micro and Nanosystems 12, Nr. 1 (21.01.2020): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876402911666190716161631.
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Background: Main concern in efficient VLSI circuit designing is low-power consumption, high-speed and noise tolerance capability. Objective: In this paper, two efficient and high-performance topologies are proposed for cascaded domino logic using carbon nanotube MOSFETs (CN-MOSFETs). The first topology is designed to remove the intermediate charge sharing problem without any keeper circuit, whereas the second one holds the true logic level of the evaluation phase without any voltage drop for next precharge phase. The proposed topologies are suitable for cascading of the high-performance domino circuits. Methods: The proposed domino circuits are tested and verified using Synopsys HSPICE simulator with 32nm CN-MOSFET technology provided by Stanford University. Conclusion: The power delay product of proposed DL-I and DL-II improves by 32.59 % and 40.98 % for 8-input OR gate as compared to standard logic respectively at the clock frequency of 500 MHz. The simulation results validate that the proposed circuits improve the performance of pseudo domino logic with respect to leakage power consumption, delay and unity noise gain.
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Bautsch, Florian, Georg Männel und Philipp Rostalski. „Development of a Novel Low-cost Lung Function Simulator“. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 5, Nr. 1 (01.09.2019): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2019-0140.
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AbstractIn order to test medical devices, industry increasingly uses simulators closely reassembling the behaviour of physiological systems. In the context of respiratory therapy, most available simulators are designed based on a ventilated volume. This highly adjustable volume allowing for fast dynamical changes often leads to very costintensive test devices, particularly when incorporating realistic spontaneous breathing. Therefore, in this article we introduce a novel concept for a low-cost lung simulator, capable of mimicking the ventilation behaviour of the human lung at the Y-piece of a mechanical ventilator. The proposed design does not require any enclosed spaces to hold inhaled air nor expensive precise linear actuators adjusting its volume. Instead, the setup is designed based on the design of a mechanical ventilator, connecting the system with one port to the ventilator and then dividing the hose into two independent branches. Each branch has an integrated radial fan and a proportional valve, controlling the inspiratory and expiratory flow, individually. The mass flow and pressure are measured at the systems inlet port, representing the condition at patient airway. In contrast to existing setups, the proposed design is not limited by the physical properties of a volume such as fixed maximum size, allowing the simulation of various types of patients and conditions. Numerical simulations to evaluate this system design showed the ability to generate a realistic spontaneous breathing pattern. With a first experimental setup it was possible to prove the feasibility of this approach, by generating common flow curves during spontaneous breathing. Building on this design, the approach could eventually lead to a more accessible method for testing.
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Maaspuro, Mika. „Experimenting and Simulating Thermoelectric Cooling of an LED Module“. International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 11, Nr. 4 (05.08.2015): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v11i4.4692.
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Use of a thermoelectric component (TEC) for an LED module cooling will be studied. The issue will be approached by revealing the operation of a thermoelectric component known also as Peltier element, and the main equations describing its behaviour. An experimental setup including an LED module, a TEC, an heatsink and a fan will be build. Heat dissipation and the electrical performance measurements of the hole experimental setup will be conducted. The benefits and the limitations of TEC used in cooling, will be revealed. Cooling effect versus used electrical power will be studied. 3D thermal simulations for the experimental setup using a FEM simulation software will be presented. Alternatively, a standard circuit simulator will be used. A spice model, which imports TEC's parameters from the data sheet, will be developed. The spice simulation results are compared with the experimental results.
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Patcha, R. Shifana. „Artificial Neural Network Based Smell Simulator for Visualization“. International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 3, Nr. 4 (27.09.2015): 328–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2015.344.
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The continued progress towards higher resolution screen Is a tr experience on the screen and Scentthat’s can be the powerful ashame simulator of memory and emotions. The idea of Smell Simulator for Visualization can make it possible. Smell-O-Vision was a system that released odor during the projection of a film so that the viewer could smell what was happening in the movie. A typical Smell synthesizer is essentially a box of various scented oils with some kind of spreading mechanism, like a fan. The box receives a signal from, for example a video game which tells to release an apple scent. Like in laser printer, this produces all the colours from the three basic colours (Red, Blue and Green). So, if single apple- scented oil isn’t avail would mix to create something close to that desired apple scent. Currently the smell-O-vision system can produce only one smell at a time and that too with increased delay and noise. We have aimed to produce our smell simulator using neural networks so that delay problem can be minimized. Smell Simulator for Visualization can become prevalent in consumer homes, and we can even literally stop and smell the roses in the game we play and shows we watch.
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Valente de Almeida, Rui, Nuno Matela und Pedro Vieira. „TomoSim: A Tomographic Simulator for Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy“. Drones 5, Nr. 1 (29.12.2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5010003.
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TomoSim comes as part of project ATMOS, a miniaturised Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) tomographic atmospheric evaluation device, designed to fit a small drone. During the development of the project, it became necessary to write a simulation tool for system validation. TomoSim is the answer to this problem. The software has two main goals: to mathematically validate the tomographic acquisition method; and to allow some adjustments to the system before reaching final product stages. This measurement strategy was based on a drone performing a sequential trajectory and gathering projections arranged in fan beams, before using some classical tomographic methods to reconstruct a spectral image. The team tested three different reconstruction algorithms, all of which were able to produce an image, validating the team’s initial assumptions regarding the trajectory and acquisition strategy. All algorithms were assessed on their computational performance and their ability for reconstructing spectral “images”, using two phantoms, one of which custom made for this purpose. In the end, the team was also able to uncover certain limitations of the TomoSim approach that should be addressed before the final stages of the system.
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Brzezińska, Dorota. „LPG Cars in a Car Park Environment—How to Make It Safe“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, Nr. 6 (24.03.2019): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061062.
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Alternative and innovative fuel types are being introduced to power cars. These include liquified petroleum gas (LPG) gas and hydrogen energy sources. However, they also introduce new hazards, requiring revised thinking with respect to safety within car parking environments. One of the most significant dangers is accidental gas release from a car’s system, especially in underground car parks. Jet fan systems are widely used for ventilation of such enclosures, but currently their design is most often based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) according to computer simulations that may not be relevant for such new fuels. This paper presents the results of full-scale tests which demonstrate the operational factors of jet fan ventilation systems, and assesses the conditions which can occur in a car park when a small volume of LPG is released. On the basis of measurements undertaken, Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software was validated against the air velocity flows and LPG gas dispersion patterns. Finally, the simulations were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of systems in an actual car park, in the case of an accidental LPG car tank release.
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Ay, Mohammad Reza, und Habib Zaidi. „Development and validation of MCNP4C-based Monte Carlo simulator for fan- and cone-beam x-ray CT“. Physics in Medicine and Biology 50, Nr. 20 (04.10.2005): 4863–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/50/20/009.
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Pachidis, V., P. Pilidis, L. Marinai und I. Templalexis. „Towards a full two dimensional gas turbine performance simulator“. Aeronautical Journal 111, Nr. 1121 (Juli 2007): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000004693.
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Abstract In commercially available gas turbine performance simulation tools, individual engine components are typically represented with non-dimensional maps of experimental or default data. In those cases where actual component characteristics are not available and default characteristics are used instead, conventional tools can deviate substantially at off-design and transient conditions. Similarly, when real component characteristics are available, conventional engine cycle simulation tools can not predict the performance of the engine at other than nominal conditions satisfactorily, or account for the impact of changes in component geometry. This study looked into the full integration of two-dimensional streamline curvature component models with a low fidelity cycle program. Firstly, the obtained engine performance was compared against the one calculated based on default component characteristics. As a second case study, a range of flight Mach numbers and angles of attack were examined together with the effect of three different intake lip geometries on the performance of a notional, two-spool, low-bypass ratio, military engine. Two-dimensional models were used in the engine cycle analysis to provide a more accurate, physics- and geometry-based estimate of intake and fan performances. The analysis carried out by this study demonstrated relative changes in the predicted engine performance larger than 1%. For briefness, representative results are presented and discussed in this paper for one flight Mach number and angle of attack setting. More importantly, this research effort established the necessary methodology and technology required towards a full, two-dimensional engine cycle analysis at an affordable computational resource in the very short term.
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Anak Agung, Krisna Wira Putra. „Pengujian Performansi pada Simulator AC Water Chiller dengan Multiple Chlled Water“. Indonesian Journal of Laboratory 2, Nr. 3 (19.08.2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijl.v2i3.56209.
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ABSTRAK AC jenis Water Chiller merupakan AC dengan pendinginan tidak langsung (indirect contac), karena refrigeran sebagai media pendingin di dalam sistem refrigerasi digunakan untuk mendinginkan air (disebut chilled water). Kemudian ‘chilled water’ ini disirkulasikan oleh pompa sirkulasi air dingin (chilled water pump) ke FCU (Fan Coil Unit) atau AHU (Air Handling Unit). Pada alat inilah nantinya udara ruangan didinginkan oleh air dingin tersebut. FCU digunakan untuk mendinginkan udara ruangan yang berukuran kecil sedangkan untuk ruangan-ruangan besar dapat dilayani dengan AHU, dimana udara dingin dari AHU disalurkan ke ruangan yang akan dikondisikan melalui saluran udara (air duct).Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen, dengan melakukan pengujian langsung pada perangkat praktikum simulator AC jenis water chiller (air conditioning water chiller) penunjang pembelajan di Laboratorium Tata Udara Program Studi Teknik Pendingin dan Tata Udara Jurusan Teknik Mesin Politeknik Negeri Bali. Pengujian ini dibuat untuk mengetahui lebih dalam tentang pengaruh jumlah pompa chilled water terhadap performansi simulator AC water chiller dalam kegiatan praktikum mahasiswa. Hasil pengujian yang dilakukan menyimpulkan bahwa semakin besar laju aliran massa air maka ada kecenderungan daya kompresor yang dibutuhkan semakin besar dengan peningkatan daya sebesar 3.47%, sedangkan COP (Coefficient of Performance) yang dihasilkan pada saat menggunakan dua pompa meningkat sebesar 6.25%.
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Ertay, Agâh Oktay, Mehmet Abbak und Serkan Şimşek. „An improved stopband and sharp roll off microstrip low pass filter with defected ground structures“. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, Nr. 3 (14.07.2015): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175907871500094x.
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In this paper a novel low pass filter (LPF) design procedure is proposed for electromagnetic bandgap based microstrip filters without using classical filter design approach. LPF is designed for ultra-wide stopband and sharp roll-off rate via proposed design procedure. It has been shown that finite periodic fan-shaped defected ground structures (FSDGSs) and double radial stubs (DRSs) yield broad stopband and very sharp transition band. The proposed LPF has −3 dB passband from dc to 1.49 GHz, and −20 dB broad stopband from 1.65 GHz up to 7.41 GHz. Full wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation of the proposed filter is achieved with ANSYS's High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and equivalent circuit (EC) model of the filter is proposed and verified via Applied Wave Research (AWR) software. To verify the simulations, filter is realized on ARLON AD1000 substrate, and measured with Agilent 5245A PNA-X Vector Network Analyzer. Measurement results of fabricated filter are in good agreement with EM and EC simulations.
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Gupta, T. K., A. K. Pandey und O. P. Meena. „Analysis and design of lector-based dual-Vt domino logic with reduced leakage current“. Circuit World 43, Nr. 3 (07.08.2017): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-03-2017-0013.
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Purpose This paper aims to propose a new lector-based domino and examine it with inputs and clock signal combination in a 45-nm dual-threshold footerless domino circuit for reduced leakage current. Design/methodology/approach In this technique, p-type and n-type leakage control transistors (LCTs) are introduced between pull-up and pull-down networks, and the gate of one is controlled by the source of the other. A high-threshold transistor is used in the input for reducing gate oxide leakage current, which becomes dominant in nanometre technology. Simulations were based on a 45-nm BISM 4 model using an HSPICE simulator for proposed domino circuits. Findings The result shows that CHIL (clock high and input low) state is ineffective for lowering leakage current and the conventional CHIH (clock high and input high) state is only effective to suppress the leakage at low temperature for wide fan-in domino circuits. At high temperature, CLIL (clock low and input low) state is preferable to reduce the leakage current for low fan-in domino, but for high fan-in domino, CHIH state is preferred. The proposed circuit technique for AND2, OR2, OR4 and OR8 circuits reduces the active power consumption by 50.94 to 75.68 per cent and by 64.85 to 86.57 per cent at low and high die temperatures, respectively, when compared to the standard dual-threshold voltage domino logic circuits. Originality/value The research proposes a new leakage reduction technique used in domino circuits and also evaluates the state for leakage reduction which can be used for low-power dynamic circuits.
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Irwan, Y. M., A. R. Amelia, M. Irwanto, W. Z. Leow, Z. Syafiqah und I. Safwati. „Influences of Hybrid Cooling Mechanism through PV System under Solar Simulator Testing“. International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 6, Nr. 3 (01.09.2017): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v6.i3.pp213-220.
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An increasing efficiency of the solar system can be improved by using hybrid cooling mechanism. This paper presents the impact of hybrid cooling mechanism on PV panel under indoor testing with varying solar intensity. Thus, the fabrication of a solar simulator for indoor testing reacts as the space solar radiation is described. The performance of PV panel which attached to a hybrid cooling mechanism compared with PV panel without cooling mechanism under variation of average solar radiation. Experimental tests were carried out for various average solar radiations by varying the number of lamps and/or the lamp-to-area distance. Without altering the spectral distribution, the characteristic of current-voltage of PV panel was analysed under average solar radiation which varied from 202 W/m<sup>2</sup> to 1003 W/m<sup>2</sup>. As the result, the PV panel with hybrid cooling system explored to generate more power output with decreasing in PV panel temperature. About 15.79 % increment of power output generated by PV panel with cooling at maximum average solar radiation. Furthermore, the PV panel temperature also can be decreased about 10.28 % respectively. The combination of DC fan and water pump as cooling mechanism plays an important role in generating efficient power output from PV panel.
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Weisenpacher, Peter, Jan Glasa und Lukas Valasek. „Influence of slope and external temperature on smoke stratification in case of fire in bi-directional road tunnel“. ITM Web of Conferences 16 (2018): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20181602002.
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Jet fan ventilation strategy in case of fire in bi-directional road tunnels is focused on maintaining smoke stratification. There are several factors influencing stratification under specific conditions. In this paper smoke movement during a 5 MW fire in a 600 m long road tunnel is studied by computer simulation and the influence of slope and external temperature on smoke stratification is analysed. Calculations were performed on a high performance computer cluster using parallel version of Fire Dynamics Simulator. Smoke stratification upstream of the fire is maintained in every simulation scenario with the exception of declivous tunnel, in which buoyancy intensifies backlayering. The behaviour of the smoke movement downstream of the fire is more complex. In the case of horizontal tunnel the stratification is not maintained in the vicinity of the fire and region with untenable conditions expands downstream. In the tunnel with slope of -2° this expansion is accelerated, while in the tunnel with slope of 2° untenable conditions spread in opposite direction. The influence of exterior temperature higher than temperature inside the tunnel is relatively weak in horizontal tunnels; however, it becomes very important in sloping tunnels, especially downstream of the fire.
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Sharma, P. K., V. Verma, J. Chattopadhyay und G. Vinod. „Large eddy fire simulation applications from nuclear industry“. Kerntechnik 86, Nr. 4 (01.08.2021): 260–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kern-2020-0052.
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Abstract A computational study has been carried out for predicting the behaviour of a pool fire source using the field-model based code Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Time dependent velocity and temperature fields are predicted along with the resulting changes in the plume structure and its width. Firstly, a grid study was performed to find out the best grid size for this purpose. Then calculations were done which showed a very good agreement with earlier reported experimental based correlations for the temperature of the plume region. These studies have been extended to use this field-model based tools for modelling particular separate effect phenomena like puffing frequency and to validate against experimental data. There are several applications in nuclear industry like room fires, wildland fires, smoke or ash disposal, hydrogen transport in nuclear reactor containment, natural convection in building flows etc. In this paper the use of FDS with the advanced Large Eddy Simulation (LES) based CFD turbulence model is described for various applications: Fire simulation for Alpha storage, Bhabhatran teletherapy, pool fire for transport casks, fire PSA of a representative NPP, exhaust air fan buildings of a process plant and smoke dispersion in large fires around NPPs.
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Wang, Teng-Yi, und Kuang-Chung Tsai. „Effects of Time to Unactuate Air Conditioning on Fire Growth“. Energies 14, Nr. 11 (26.05.2021): 3100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113100.
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Air conditioning systems have become essential equipment in many buildings. However, fire safety design and management in buildings rarely consider whether to turn the system off or keep it on in a fire. This study ignites a stack of wood in a room center or corner to explore the influence of air inlet actions of a fan coil unit (FCU) with the door opened or closed. Simulation results using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) demonstrate that the heat release rate (HRR) and room temperature obviously decrease when the room doorway is closed, regardless of whether the air conditioner is turned on. The air supply for combustion is poor. When the door of the room is opened, turning off the air conditioner can effectively reduce the HRR and the room temperature in the early stages of fire growth. However, along with the fire growth, turning on air conditioning can help decrease the heat radiation feedback and the consequent HRR. Therefore, the conclusion that air conditioning always enhances a fire because it provides oxygen may not always be correct.
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Lombardi, Simone, Manfredi Villani, Daniele Chiappini und Laura Tribioli. „Cooling System Energy Consumption Reduction through a Novel All-Electric Powertrain Traction Module and Control Optimization“. Energies 14, Nr. 1 (23.12.2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010033.
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In this work, the problem of reducing the energy consumption of the cooling circuit for the propulsion system of an all-electric vehicle is approached with two different concepts: improvement of the powertrain efficiency and optimization of the control strategy. Improvement of the powertrain efficiency is obtained through a modular design, which consists of replacing the electric powertrain with several smaller traction modules whose powers sum up to the total power of the original powertrain. In this paper, it is shown how modularity, among other benefits, also allows reducing the energy consumption of the cooling system up to 54%. The energy consumption of the cooling system is associated with two components: the pump and the fan. They produce a so-called auxiliary load on the battery, reducing the maximum range of the vehicle. In conventional cooling systems, the pump and the fan are controlled with a thermostat, without taking into account the energy consumption. Conversely, in this work a control strategy to reduce the auxiliary loads is developed and compared with the conventional approach, showing that the energy consumption of the cooling system can be reduced up to 27%. To test the control strategy, numerical simulations have been carried out with a 1-D model of the cooling system. On the other hand, all the thermal loads of the components have been calculated with a vehicle simulator, which is able to predict the vehicle’s behavior under different driving cycles.
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Harasimczuk, Justyna, Norbert E. Maliszewski, Anna Olejniczak-Serowiec und Adam Tarnowski. „Are longer advertising slogans more dangerous? The influence of the length of ad slogans on drivers’ attention and motor behavior“. Current Psychology 40, Nr. 1 (15.08.2018): 429–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-9955-y.
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AbstractThe purpose of this project was to verify whether slogans displayed on roadside advertisements created a distraction for drivers. In order to explain the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, Study 1 examined the impact of slogan length on attentional processing efficiency. Study 2 investigated the relationship between the length of the slogan and the motor behavior of respondents driving a car simulator. We assumed that slogan length would decrease the drivers’ task performance in both studies. Study 1 was conducted on a group of 70 participants, who completed a modified version of the Attention Network Test (ANT; Fan et al. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14(3), 340–347, 2002). The task consisted of visual ads intended to distract respondents from the primary task. Reaction times were significantly longer when ads had longer slogans compared to shorter slogans. Study 2, involving a car simulator, was conducted on a group of 53 drivers performing a task of driving in a convoy. Participants were shown billboards with ads at the roadside in random order (two pairs of corresponding ads with short and long text on it). Participants’ driving performance decreased when longer slogans were presented in comparison to the short-slogan condition. In conclusion, we interpret the results of Study 1 to indicate that longer slogan leads to a greater load of attentional processing. This subsequently leads to a reduction of the processing efficiency within attentional systems and further increases the amount of time to resist the irrelevant stimulus. A consequence of this, as shown in Study 2 using a car simulator, is a decrease in cognitive resources necessary for safe driving and therefore worse performance on a driving task.
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Izgec, Bulent, C. Shah Kabir, Ding Zhu und A. Rashid Hasan. „Transient Fluid and Heat Flow Modeling in Coupled Wellbore/Reservoir Systems“. SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 10, Nr. 03 (01.06.2007): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/102070-pa.
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Summary This paper presents a transient wellbore simulator coupled with a semianalytic temperature model for computing wellbore-fluid-temperature profiles in flowing and shut-in wells. Either an analytic or a numeric reservoir model can be combined with the transient wellbore model for rapid computations of pressure, temperature, and velocity. We verified the simulator with transient data from gas and oil wells, where both surface and downhole data were available. The accuracy of the heat-transfer calculations improved with a variable-earth-temperature model and a newly developed numerical-differentiation scheme. This approach improved the calculated wellbore fluid-temperature profile, which, in turn, increased the accuracy of pressure calculations at both bottomhole and wellhead. The proposed simulator accurately mimics afterflow during surface shut-in by computing the velocity profile at each timestep and its consequent impact on temperature and density profiles in the wellbore. Surrounding formation temperature is updated in every timestep to account for changes in heat-transfer rate between the hotter wellbore fluid and the cooler formation. The optional hybrid numerical-differentiation routine removes the limitations imposed by the constant relaxation-parameter assumption used in previous analytic-temperature models. Both forward and reverse simulations are feasible. Forward simulations entail computing pressure, temperature, and velocity profiles at each wellbore node to allow matching field data gathered at any point in the wellbore. In contrast, reverse simulation allows translating pressures from one point to another in the wellbore, such as wellhead to bottomhole condition. Introduction Modeling of the changing pressure, temperature, and density profiles in the wellbore as a function of time is crucial for the design and analysis of pressure-transient tests, particularly when data are gathered off-bottom or in a deepwater setting, and the identification of potential flow-assurance issues. Other applications of this modeling approach include improving the design of production tubulars and artificial-lift systems, gathering pressure data for continuous reservoir management, and estimating flow rates from multiple producing horizons. A coupled wellbore/reservoir simulator entails simultaneous solution of mass, momentum, and energy balance equations, providing pressure and temperature as a function of depth and time for a predetermined surface flow rate. Almehaideb et al. (1989) studied the effects of multiphase flow and wellbore phase segregation during well testing. They used a fully implicit scheme to couple the wellbore and an isothermal black-oil reservoir model. The wellbore model accounts only for mass and momentum changes with time. Similarly, Winterfeld (1989) showed the simulations of buildup tests for both single and two-phase flows in relation to wellbore storage and phase redistribution. The Fairuzov et al. (2002) model formulation also falls into this category. Miller (1980) developed one of the earliest transient wellbore simulators, which accounts for changes in geothermal-fluid energy while flowing up the wellbore. In this model, mass and momentum equations are combined with the energy equation to yield an expression for pressure. After solving for pressure, density, energy, and velocity are calculated for the new timestep at a well gridblock. Hasan and his coworkers presented wellbore/reservoir simulators for gas (Kabir et al. 1996), oil (Hasan et al. 1997), and two-phase (Hasan et al. 1998) flows. Their formulation consists of a solution of coupled mass, momentum, and energy equations, all written in finite-difference form, and requires time-consuming separate matrix operations. In all cases, the wellbore model is coupled with an analytic reservoir model. Fan et al. (2000) developed a wellbore simulator for analyzing gas-well buildup tests. Their model uses a finite-difference scheme for heat transfer in the vertical direction. The heat loss from the fluid to the surroundings in the radial direction is represented by an analytical model.
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Maity, Siddhartha. „Iot Based Home Appliance Control System Using Proteus Simulation Software and Blynk Server“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, Nr. VII (31.07.2021): 3158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37114.
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Digital Technology has become an integral part of our lives today. Here IoT comes across as a technology which transforms the way we perceive our surroundings. IoT is considered to be a network of interconnected physical objects/things around us that communicate with each other over the Internet. These days, the need for efficient controlling of appliances to minimize power wastage is important as fossils and non-renewable sources of energy are plummeting. So, a smart home system has been developed to monitor and control home appliances remotely from anywhere. This has been executed on a virtual simulator namely Proteus where the hardware circuitry has been designed. Blynk app has been used to send the user’s command to the circuit through the local cloud server connected with Arduino and Bluetooth module. The basic home appliances like fan, light and room heater which cause unnecessary wastage of power due to turning on of lights during day time or high-speed fans in winter season can be avoided in this way. At the same time the ability to control our everyday appliances over the internet using IoT makes our lives easier, comfortable and tech savvy. Such a system can be used in a wide range of applications such as home automation, smart agriculture, smart industry.
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Yusufov, Sh A., A. M. Ibragimova, S. A. Peredkov, T. E. Sarkarov und R. G. Mitarov. „THERMOELECTRIC SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING A HEAT REGIME FOR MODULAR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT“. Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 46, Nr. 4 (02.01.2020): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2019-46-4-53-64.
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Objectives. The article discusses a thermoelectric cooling system (TECS) for ensuring the thermal regime of modular electronic equipment (MEE) located in a cabinet. The main task of the experimental studies is to determine the temperature dependencies of the air-cooled heat-generating elements of a printed circuit board simulator according to TEСS parameters.Method. In order to conduct experimental studies of a thermoelectric cooling system for printed circuit boards in cassette units using a thermoelectric cooling system, a prototype designed and manufactured in the laboratory was studied on a testing stand.Result. The directions of constructive solutions for using a TECS device are presented along with a description of the testing stand and procedure. The dependencies of the temperature of the printed circuit board simulator on the heat power taken away by the TECS are considered along with the temperatures of hot and cold junctions, the air flow velocity and the distance between the electronic boards.Conclusion. The operability of the developed MEE cooling system is confirmed by the experimental studies; the specified cooling method has advantages over conventional forced or natural method and can achieve the temperatures required by the technical operating conditions; when choosing a fan to provide forced circulation of the air flow in the system, it is necessary to take into account the speed of the air flow in the channel; it is necessary to reserve the power of the power supply for the TECS operation in proportion to the power of the heat sources. An important additional point for the functioning of the thermoelectric cooling device is the necessity of ensuring the effective removal of heat from the hot junctions of the thermoelectric module without which it is impossible to use the proposed system.
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Zhang, Dingjun, Xue Bai, Chaoyun Qu, Xianwen Li, Youzhi Wu und Wenjiang Lu. „Preparation and Properties of Poly(AM-AA)/MMT Nanocomposites Hydrogel Particles Coated Alginate“. Advanced Composites Letters 26, Nr. 5 (September 2017): 096369351702600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351702600502.
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The poly(AM-AA)/MMT composites hydrogel particles coated alginate were successfully prepared by the method of microcapsule technology. The obtained particles were spherical, smooth-surfaced, hollow-structural and non-aggregated with a diameter of 1.5∼2.0 mm. The diameters of particles can be controlled and depended on the size of initial drop on the concentration of Al(NO3)3, SA(Sodium alginate) and their time of solidification, as well as on the concentration and size of core materials. The water-absorbent rate of coated plugging agent was remarkable in different conditions and fell based on the sequence of fax (fa1: tap water at 25 °C; fa2: physiological saline solution at 25 °C; fa3: tap water at 45 °C; fa4: physiological saline solution at 45 °C). The particles are stable for 15 days in the medium of pH ranged from 3 to 6, while the particles are degraded in simulated fluid with pH of 1, 2, 11 or 12.
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Król, Aleksander, und Małgorzata Król. „Some Tips on Numerical Modeling of Airflow and Fires in Road Tunnels“. Energies 14, Nr. 9 (22.04.2021): 2366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092366.
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The efficiency of tunnels systems is often evaluated using numerical simulations. This concerns both to normal and emergency mode of tunnel systems operation. Therefore the safety level of tunnel users may depend on the quality of numerical models being built. The most often studied areas cover the researches on natural and forced airflows in the normal mode and on fire development and smoke spreading in the emergency mode as well as modeling of fan operation. Thus, many software packages implementing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are applied here. Despite the available software is recognized as reliable, the problem arises because the built numerical models should be validated at least partially with experimental data. There is a shortage of experimental data from real tunnels due to high costs and many organizational or formal difficulties. Some researchers use data from scaled experiments, but this leads to problems connected with scaling. The paper presents the application of two widely used software packages—Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and ANSYS Fluent to reproduce some scenarios of the operation of a tunnel ventilation system for normal and emergency mode. Most of results were compared with data obtained by own full scale measurements or data available in literature. Some practical issues concerning the application of FDS and ANSYS Fluent were discussed as well.
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Zhuo, Linwei, und Feruza Amirkulova. „Design of Acoustic Cloak Using Generative Modeling and Gradient-Based Optimization“. INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, Nr. 3 (01.08.2021): 3511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2431.
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Metamaterials are engineered composites that can achieved electromagnetic and mechanical properties that do not exist in natural materials by rearranging their structures. Due to the complexity of the objective functions, it is difficult to find the globally optimized solutions in metameterial design. This talk outlines a gradient-based optimization with generative networks that can search for the globally optimized cloaking devices over a wide range of parameters. The GLO-Net[1] model was developed originally for one-dimensional nano-photonic metagratings is generalized in this work to design two-dimensional broadband acoustic cloaking devices by perturbing positions of each scatterer in planar configuration of cylindrical scatterers. Such optimized cloaking devices can efficiently suppress the total scattering cross section to the minimum at certain parameters over range of wavenumbers. During training each iteration, a generative model generates a batch of metamaterials and compute the total scattering cross section and its gradients using an in-house built multiple scattering MATLAB solver. To evaluate our approach, we compare our obtained results with fmincon in MATLAB. Reference: [1] Jiaqi Jiang and Jonathan A. Fan. Simulator-based training of generative neural networks for the inverse design of metasurfaces. Nanophotonics, 9(5):1059-1069, nov 2019.
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Paramasivam, Kishokanna, Jazair Yahya Wira und Srithar Rajoo. „Study on Noise Generation in a High Speed Centrifugal Fan“. Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (Dezember 2012): 2552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2552.
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This study presents the investigation of aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of centrifugal fan using commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The unsteady turbulent flow of the fan is simulated with Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) and the acoustics sources are computed based on the pressure fluctuations. The Ffowcs Williams and Hawking model is used to predict the tonal noises in aeroacoustics simulation.
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Wang, Yu Shan, und Di Lin Pan. „Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Export Structure on Jet Fan Aerodynamics Performances“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (Januar 2015): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.3.
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The internal flow of jet fan has been simulated using FLUENT software.By changing the length of exit duct and the angle of the exit cowl,a series of numerical simulation research has been done.The calculation results show that the length of exit duct and structure of exit cowl has obvious influence on jet fan aerodynamics performances and reasonable export structure can effectively improve jet fan aerodynamic performances.
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Diana, Lohdy, Arrad Ghani Safitra, Muhammad Syarifuddin Firmansyah und Mishbaakhus Prana Zinedine. „Experimental Study of Artificial Solar Air Heater Using Trapezoidal Wave Plate“. R.E.M. (Rekayasa Energi Manufaktur) Jurnal 4, Nr. 2 (30.12.2019): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/r.e.m.v4i2.806.
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A solar air heater is needed for the drying process, especially in Indonesia. It means the researches to produce a solar air heater that had high performance is necessary. This research analyses the performance of solar air heater using trapezoidal absorber plate with variation of folded angle 83˚, 85˚, and 87˚. The research carry out artificial experimentally using halogen lamp as a solar simulator. The working principle of solar air heating begins with an induction fan sucking air to enter through the honeycomb then flowing into the air heating duct. The process of heat transfer occurs in a halogen heat lamp passed by the transparent glass and then absorbed by the absorbent plate. This heat will heat the air flowing in the air heating pipe to be transmitted into the drying cupboard. The experiment used several variations of the mass airflow rate 0.022 until 0.051 kg/s and intensity 850, 900, dan 950 W/m2. Temperature measurement is carried out by installing a thermocouple at several points that have been determined. The best performance produced by the wave plate-shaped trapezoidal wave heaters 83˚ when I = 950 W/m2 air mass flow rate 0.022 kg/s with the temperature of the absorbent plate 87 ˚C, the temperature of the exit air 43.2 ˚C, the difference in the rise in air temperature 15.2 ˚C, and when I = 950 W/m2 air mass flow rate 0.051 kg/s the useful heat generated by the air heater 527 Watt, and thermal efficiency 96.8%.
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Li, Linling, und Qibai Huang. „Research on the Mechanism of Fan Blade Shape Effect on its Noise“. Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 24, Nr. 1 (März 2005): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0263092054037720.
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The fan blade configuration affects its efficiency and sound pressure level—(SPL). This paper analyzes the fan blade noise components and studies the aerodynamic characteristics of fan blades. The bar theory and moving soundfield characteristics are used in the theoretical analysis. Nonlinear aerodynamics theory is used to analyze the blade force. A mathematical model of fan blade noise is developed and simulated by the precision Gauss-Legendre method. The model simulation and the experiment results are analyzed in the frequency domain. The simulation results are in reasonable agreement with the measured data. Our model and the Fukano model are compared for different rotational speeds of the fan. This paper then studies the change of SPL when the blade parameters (number of blades, rotation speed of fan, chord of fan, and blade profile etc.) vary. The major factors affecting the fan noise are analyzed. Our model is derived from the viewpoint of blade design, so the result can be used to study the aerodynamic characteristics of fan blades quantitatively. The study is considered as a prerequisite to designing fans of high quality, since it provides a theoretical basis for noise prediction and noise control.
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Zhang, Sheng Li, und Hua Xing Li. „Study on Numerical Simulation of Internal Flow Field for the Multi Blade Centrifugal Fan“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 525 (Februar 2014): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.525.251.
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This paper points out that the traditional design method of multi blade centrifugal fan are great uncertainty in selecting the structure parameters: lead to many design results, do many tests. Internal flow field of multi blade centrifugal fan was simulated with the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent, and the numerical results are analyzed. Comparison of the numerical results with the test results shows that numerical simulation has good accuracy and reliability. The design program and a design example is gived according to the design theory of multi blade centrifugal fan. Method is verified by numerical simulation for the example. Test results show that the design program is reliable.