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1
Altansan, Amarsanaa. „Les parcours et les nouvelles stratégies des éleveurs en Mongolie : exemple d’une famille nomade“. Cahiers internationaux de sociolinguistique 9, Nr. 1 (2016): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cisl.1601.0097.
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CHULUUNBAT, SUVDTSETSEG, JOHN C. MORSE und SOSORBURAM BOLDBAATAR. „Caddisflies of Mongolia: Distribution and diversity“. Zoosymposia 10, Nr. 1 (09.08.2016): 96–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.10.1.10.
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In Mongolia, there are 198 caddisfly species belonging to 69 genera in 16 families. An updated species list also indicates the species that have been DNA barcoded. The distributions of species in the Mongolian aimags (provinces) are presented. Most species records are results from the Mongolian Aquatic Insect Survey (2002–2011, northcentral and western Mongolia) and Hovsgol_GEF projects (2002–2006, Lake Hovsgol and vicinity), and personal collections; other records are from the literature. The Mongolian caddisfly fauna is characteristic of central Asia and includes only 1 endemic species. Over half of the known Mongolian species occur in Hovsgol Aimag.
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MIKHALJOVA, ELENA V. „The class Diplopoda in Mongolia, with description of a new species“. Zootaxa 3418, Nr. 1 (10.08.2012): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3418.1.3.
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The class Diplopoda appears to be represented in Mongolia by eight species from 4 genera, 2 families (Polyzoniidae andDiplomaragnidae) and 2 orders (Polyzoniida and Chordeumatida). One species is described here as new to science: Shear-ia longa sp. nov. Genus Shearia Mikhaljova, 2000 is new to the fauna of Mongolia. All currently known Diplopoda taxa from Mongolia are keyed, including the new species. The distributions of all Mongolian diplopod species are mapped.
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Kim, Donald D., und Doug Young Suh. „A Scalable Smart Greenhouse Design For Mongolian Families“. Academic Society for Appropriate Technology 8, Nr. 3 (20.12.2022): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37675/jat.2022.00220.
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Life expectancy in Mongolia is male 63.8 and female 72.8. Total life expectancy is 68.1, which gives Mongolia a World Life Expectancy ranking of 132 in the WHO 2022 report. The number one reason for the mission of Mongolians is cardiovascular disease, which is closely related to their diet. The staple food of Mongolians is meat. The annual vegetable consumption of Mongolians announced by the UN in 2017 was 47.31 kg, far below the average value of 250 kg in developed countries. This paper proposes a smart greenhouse for families where Mongolian families can grow vegetables at home. This paper presents a smart home greenhouse that meets the environmental characteristics and requirements of the Mongolian region. We manage sensors and actuators through the Raspberry Pi platform to provide an environment necessary for cultivation. It describes the architecture of an integrated management system that stores sensor data in the cloud system's storage, apply reinforcement learning, and controls the operating point of the smart greenhouse. It describes how to manage the system internally using three layers, the physical layer, the embedded OS layer, and the application layer, and to communicate with the cloud through the IoT edge manager.
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JUDSON, SARAH W., und C. RILEY NELSON. „A Guide to Mongolian Stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera)“. Zootaxa 3541, Nr. 1 (06.11.2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3541.1.1.
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Since the early 1900s, efforts have been made to catalogue the stoneflies of Mongolia. Taxonomic work from 1960 to1980 greatly expanded basic lists of stoneflies in Mongolia, but no comprehensive survey or synthesis of this dispersedliterature has been completed. In conjunction with a modern survey of the aquatic insects of Mongolia, we collectedPlecoptera on a series of expeditions to the Selenge (north) and Altai (west) regions of Mongolia. A total of 48 speciesdistributed in 24 genera and 8 families were documented, including 3 of the 5 Mongolian endemics, 2 new species re-cords for Mongolia, and 1 species new to science. The majority of the fauna is representative of the East Palearcticregion. The 800+ specimen records were used to validate historical species lists, document species ranges with georef-erenced localities, and create identification tools to be used by Mongolian and international researchers with a broadrange of taxonomic expertise. These identification tools include a generic-level key to nymphs, species diagnoses, aswell as known species range and predicted species range maps created using Ecological Niche Modeling. These toolsare primarily intended for use by Mongolian scientists, sampling teams, and community water quality monitoringgroups, as well as general use by researchers interested in biogeography, ecology, and water quality applications ofMongolian Plecoptera. With this work, we hope to equip Mongolians with the scientific resources to protect their valuable and vulnerable water resources.
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Chuluunbaatar, Udaanjargal, und Leland Liu Rogers. „Property Relations of Mongolian Women during the Qing Period“. Inner Asia 22, Nr. 2 (04.11.2020): 320–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340153.
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Abstract This study considers the historical importance of the dowry, or inǰe, in outer Mongolia during the Qing period (1636–1911), focusing on the developments of the legal system towards women’s rights over their dowry using archival legal case documents from the Mongolian archives. Previous studies argue that the dowry system was of little importance among the steppe populations; however, the Mongolian archival documents make it clear that the dowry played a very important role in society for establishing prestige and for acquisition of property for families during the Qing period. They also show that the courts in Mongolia consistently ruled in favour of women, particularly in the case of their ownership and compensation for dowry livestock during divorce cases, including livestock born from dowry livestock, demonstrating that pre-modern Mongol women were considered autonomous social agents with distinct personal rights, and not thought of as property.
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Kherlenchimeg, Nyamsuren, Davaanyam Otgontsetseg, Kherlenchimeg Ganbaatar und Magsar Urgamal. „Results of the research of higher fungi in Khan Khentey, Mongolia“. Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии 21, Nr. 2 (17.11.2022): 196–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2022085.
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There were recorded currently 631 species of higher fungi belonging to 237 genera, 88 families, 31 orders of 2 phyla in Mongolia. In 2008-2021, we collected approximately 600 samples of higher fungi in Khentey region including Khuder, Eruu (Minj), Mandal (Khonin nuga) of Selenge province; Shariingol of Darkhan-Uul province; Mungunmorit of Tuv province and Batshireet, Umnudelger of Khentii province. As a result of study, there were recorded 479 species of higher fungi belonging to 201 genera, 79 families, 27 orders of 2 phyla in Khentey mountain taiga region, and it covers 75.9 percent of all higher fungi species distributed in Mongolia. In addition, we were newly added 12 species of higher fungi in species composition of Khentey mountain taiga region; moreover, it was also new to Mongolian mycoflora since 2000. Among them 4 species were referred to families Mycenaceae, Pleurotaceae and one new species belongs to each of the following families Agaricaceae, Auriscalpiaceae, Russulaceae, Suillaceae, Entolomataceae, Hygrophoraceae, Boletace-ae, Tricholomataceae.
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Buehler, Matthew D., Purevdorj Zoljargal, Erdenetushig Purvee, Khorloo Munkhbayar, Munkhbayar Munkhbaatar, Nyamsuren Batsaikhan, Natalia B. Ananjeva et al. „The Results of Four Recent Joint Expeditions to the Gobi Desert: Lacertids and Agamids“. Russian Journal of Herpetology 28, Nr. 1 (05.03.2021): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30906/1026-2296-2021-28-1-15-32.
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The National University of Mongolia, the Mongolian State University of Education, the University of Nebraska, and the University of Kansas conducted four collaborative expeditions between 2010 and 2014, resulting in accounts for all species of lacertid and agamid, except Phrynocephalus kulagini. These expeditions resulted in a range extension for Eremias arguta and the collection of specimens and tissues across 134 unique localities. In this paper we summarize the species of the Agamidae (Paralaudakia stoliczkana, Ph. hispidus, Ph. helioscopus, and Ph. versicolor) and Lacertidae (E. argus, E. arguta, E. dzungarica, E. multiocellata, E. przewalskii, and E. vermiculata) that were collected during these four expeditions. Further, we provide a summary of all species within these two families in Mongolia. Finally, we discuss issues of Wallacean and Linnaean shortfalls for the herpetofauna of the Mongolian Gobi Desert, and provide future directions for studies of community assemblages and population genetics of reptile species in the region.
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VINARSKI, MAXIM V., DMITRY M. PALATOV und VADIM V. MARINSKIY. „Checklist of the freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Mongolia“. Zootaxa 4317, Nr. 1 (01.09.2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4317.1.2.
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The paper is the first illustrated check-list of the freshwater Gastropoda of the state of Mongolia. The authors examined their own samplings made in 2009–2012 as well as collections of other explorers and zoological museums (mostly those of Russia). In total, 35 nominal species of four families (Valvatidae, Lymnaeidae, Physidae, and Planorbidae) have been included into annotated list, with remarks on their distribution, ecology, taxonomic status, and nomenclature. All species are illustrated by pictures of their shells (including some type specimens). The fauna of freshwater Gastropoda of Mongolia is taxonomically impoverished as compared to the fauna of southern Siberia and other adjacent areas. In particular, no representatives of such families as Acroloxidae and Bithyniidae were found to live there as well as no species of Anisus, Aplexa, Planorbarius, Planorbis, Stagnicola and some other genera of aquatic snails broadly distributed in Palearctic. From the zoogeographic point of view, the recent fauna of aquatic Gastropoda of Mongolia consists of species belonging to three diversification centers—northwestern Palearctic, Siberian, and Central-South Asian. The only species endemic to Mongolia is Choanomphalus mongolicus inhabiting the Hövsgöl Lake. A brief history of formation of the recent Mongolian fauna of freshwater snails is provided.
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Syrtypova, S. K. „Buddha Akshobhya in Mongolia“. Orientalistica 2, Nr. 4 (16.01.2020): 817–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7043-2019-2-4-817-837.
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This is another article in the series of researches published by the present author, which deal with the iconography and the meaning of Buddhist deities of Vajrayana in particular in Mongolian Buddhism. Buddha Akshobhya is a one of the Tathagata Buddhas, the forefathers of Five Buddha families or Five Dhyani Buddhas. The article deals with the development stages of the Akshobhya cult, some specific features of its practice among Mongolian Buddhists and the visual representations by the famous master Ondor Gegen Zanabazar (1635–1723). The author publishes here images of various sculptures of Akshobhya from the collections of temples, museums, as well as private collections in Mongolia.
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Chuluunbat, Suvdtsetseg, Bazartseren Boldgiv und John C. Morse. „Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of Mongolia: an updated checklist with faunistic and biogeographical notes“. ZooKeys 1111 (11.07.2022): 245–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1111.76239.
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To establish the biogeographic affinities of the caddisfly fauna of Mongolia, published records and results of our faunistic studies were analyzed. This study captured more than 47,000 adults collected from 386 locations beside lakes, ponds, streams/rivers, and springs in ten sub-basins of Mongolia using Malaise traps, aerial sweeping, and ultraviolet lights. In total, 201 species have been recorded, and approximately 269 species may occur in Mongolia according to our estimation. In a comparison of species richness for the family level, the Limnephilidae and Leptoceridae were the richest in species. The families Brachycentridae, Glossosomatidae, and Psychomyiidae had low species richness, but they included the most dominant species in terms of abundance and/or the percentage of occurrence in the samples from multiple sub-basins. Comparing the sub-basins, the Selenge had the highest Shannon diversity (H’ = 3.3) and the Gobi sub-basin had the lowest (H’ = 1.5). According to the Jaccard index of similarity, caddisfly species assemblages of Mongolia’s ten sub-basins were divided into two main groups: One group includes the Selenge, Shishkhed, Bulgan, Tes, and Depression of Great Lakes sub-basins; the other group includes the Kherlen, Onon, Khalkh Gol, Valley of Lakes, and Gobi sub-basins. The majority of Mongolian species were composed of East Palearctic taxa, with a small percentage of West Palearctic and Nearctic representatives and an even smaller percentage from the Oriental region, suggesting that the Mongolian Gobi Desert is, and has been, a significant barrier to the distribution of caddisfly species between China and Mongolia.
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Tudevdagva, Uranchimeg, und Tugs Sanjdorj. „The Evaluation Result of Online Master Course During Pandemic: Case of Industrial Management Course at Mongolian University of Science and Technology“. Embedded Selforganising Systems 9, Nr. 3 (19.10.2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14464/ess.v9i3.536.
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This paper describes shortly about Mongolia, its higher education in current days, teaching during pandemic in Mongolia and evaluation of online master course at Mongolian University of Science and Technology (MUST). Mongolia is a developing country and the engineering education is one of the important issues of country development. There are comparatively high number of higher education institutions in country which proves need of families to support education of their children. The MUST is a public university which offers the most engineering study courses. The MUST offers bachelor, master and doctor programs in different fields. This paper covers teaching of master courses for “Industrial Management” professions at Graduate School of Business. Due to the pandemic situation the teaching format switched from traditional to fully online mode without any preparation time. Since winter semester of 2022 teaching format returned to face-to-face mode but it is still important to figure out feedback from students who attended master courses fully online during pandemic. Therefore, this paper describes evaluation model and evaluation results for the master course “Industrial Management”.
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Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj, Magsar Urgamal, Batlai Oyuntsetseg, Alisa Grabovskaya-Borodina, Khurelpurev Oyundelger, Zagarjav Tsegmed, Vanjil Gundegmaa et al. „Updated Checklist of Vascular Plants Endemic to Mongolia“. Diversity 13, Nr. 12 (25.11.2021): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13120619.
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The aim of the present study is to update the checklist of vascular plants endemic to Mongolia using previous checklists, publications, herbarium collections, and field observations. The revised checklist includes 102 endemic taxa (95 species, five subspecies, and two nothospecies) from 43 genera and 19 families. The majority of endemic taxa were distributed in western and central Mongolia, and high endemic species richness was identified in four phytogeographical regions, namely Mongolian Altai, Khangai, Dzungarian Gobi, and Gobi Altai, which harbor 49, 27, 20, and 16 endemic taxa, respectively. For each endemic taxon, we compiled information about growth form, conservation status (if already assessed), phytogeographical distribution, and voucher specimens. Data on each taxon’s type specimen were also collected, and the majority of the type specimens were accessioned at the LE (58 taxa), MW (20 taxa), and UBA (7 taxa) herbaria.
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ХИШИГДУЛАМ, Н., Ш. ИЧИНХОРЛОО und А. А. ИЗГАРСКАЯ. „ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ПОЛИТИКА В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ МОНГОЛИИ: КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ ЭТАПЫ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ“. Философия образования 24, Nr. 3 (30.09.2024): 52–71. https://doi.org/10.15372/phe20240304.
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Введение. Статья посвящена основным тенденциям развития образовательной политики Монголии в постсоветский период. На основе сравнения трех документов, а именно: «Концепции развития образования в Монгольской народной республике (1991)», «Приложения к Постановлению Великого Хурала Монголии № 36 от 1995 г.», «Постановления Национального собрания 2015 г. № 12 “Государственная политика в области образования” (2014-2024 гг.)», описаны причины изменения тенденций в образовательной политике Монголии, представлены критические оценки результатов реализации ее программ. Методология. В качестве методологического основания использован миросистемный подход (И. Валлерстайн). В миросистемной парадигме проблемы образования, включая процесс распространения образовательных образцов, исследуются, начиная с 1980-х гг. На сегодняшний день эта парадигма широко представлена в области сравнительного образования, критической педагогики, исследований академического и образовательного неравенства. Обсуждение. После распада советского блока Монголия активно встраивается в мировую систему разделения труда и формирует систему образования в соответствии с международными стандартами, что порождает сложные противоречия между внедряемыми новациями и стремлением вернуть традиционную монгольскую культуру как основание национальной идентичности. Анализ документа 1991 г. показал, что первоначально национальное строительство планировалось в русле неотрадиционализма. Однако тяжелые экономические условия и существование опасности китайской интеграции Монголии на уровне внешней периферии не позволили этим политическим идеям реализоваться. В документе 1995 г. возобладала тенденция, ориентирующая монгольское образование на международные стандарты. В результате реформа монгольского образования в следующее десятилетие шла по образцу стран с высоким уровнем доходов и оседлым населением, что не соответствовало реалиям Монголии и вызывало множество проблем и противоречий. В основе документа 2015 г. содержится попытка правительства опереться на инициативу «снизу», поэтому постановление в большей мере ориентировано на интересы местного населения, включая образовательные потребности детей из семей скотоводов. Однако в целом документ имеет ярко выраженный декларативный характер. Заключение. Тенденция заимствования образовательных образцов для развития человеческого капитала, наблюдаемая в образовательной политике Монголии, является вынужденным компромиссом со странами ядра миросистемы. Перекос в сторону международных образцов в области образовательной политики осознается монгольским научным и педагогическим сообществом, ставится вопрос о воспитании человека, имеющего монгольскую идентичность. Introduction. The article is devoted to the main trends in the development of educational policy in Mongolia in the post-Soviet period. Based on a comparison of three documents, namely the «Concepts of Educational Development in the Mongolian People’s Republic (1991)», «Appendices to the Resolution of the Great Khural of Mongolia №. 36 of 1995», «Resolution № 12 of the State Great Khural of Mongolia in 2015, “State Policy in the Field of Education” (2014-2024) », the reasons for changing trends in the educational policy of Mongolia are described. Critical assessments of the results of the implementation of its programs are presented. Methodology. The world-system approach (I. Wallerstein) is used as a methodological basis. Problems of education and the process of dissemination of educational patterns have been studied in the world-system paradigm since the 1980s. Discussion. Mongolia is actively integrating into the global system of division of labor and forming an education system in accordance with international standards after the collapse of the Soviet bloc. This gives rise to complex contradictions between the innovations being introduced and the desire to return traditional Mongolian culture as the basis of national identity. An analysis of the 1991 document showed that initially nation-building was planned in line with neo-traditionalism. However, difficult economic conditions and the existence of the danger of Chinese integration of Mongolia at the level of the external periphery did not allow these political ideas to be realized. In the 1995 document, the prevailing trend was orienting Mongolian education to international standards. As a result, the reform of Mongolian education in the next decade followed the model of countries with high incomes and sedentary populations, this did not correspond to the realities of Mongolia and caused increasing problems and contradictions. The 2015 document is based on the government’s attempt to involve initiatives «from below» in the development. As a result, the document is more focused on the interests of the local population, including the educational needs of children from pastoralist families. In general, however, the document has a clearly declarative character. Conclusions. The tendency observed in the educational policy of Mongolia to borrow educational patterns for the development of human capital is a forced compromise with the countries of the core of the world-system. The bias towards international models in the field of educational policy is recognized by the Mongolian scientific and pedagogical community. The question is raised about the upbringing of a person with a Mongolian identity.
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Kechaykin, Aleksey A., Alexander I. Shmakov, Alexander A. Batkin, Vanzhil Gundegmaa, Shuhandori Baasanmunkh, Batlay Oyuntsetseg, Hyuk Jae Choi et al. „New findings in the flora of Mongolia. Part 2“. Turczaninowia 25, Nr. 1 (30.03.2022): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.25.1.9.
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New data on the distribution of 40 species from the families Asteraceae, Cystopteridaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, and Woodsiaceae in Mongolia are presented in the article. For the first time, Centaurea cyanus, Cystopteris almaatensis, Potentilla × habievii, Potentilla salsa, and Potentilla smirnovii are indicated for the flora of the country. 19 species previously known in the flora of Mongolia are new for its separate botanical and geographical regions. Of these, 7 taxa were found for the first time in the Khuvsgul, 5 – in the Khovd, 4 – in the Gobi Altai and 3 – in the Mongolian Altai regions, 2 each – in the Khangai, Khentei, and Dzungarian Gobi, 1 – in the Middle Khalkha. New locations were registered for 19 rare and endemic species of the study region. There are narrow local national endemics: Potentilla coriacea, P. inopinata, P. laevipes, and P. schmakovii, among them. The findings are divided into three groups in the article. Comments about the range, relationships and main morphological differences are given for each species. Photographic materials of Potentilla salsa made in nature on the territory of Mongolia are demonstrated for the first time.
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Schwarz, Henry G. „Mongolia at 800: The State and Nation Since Chinggis Khan“. Inner Asia 8, Nr. 2 (2006): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146481706793646738.
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AbstractAs we are commemorating the 800th anniversary of Temüjin’s ascent to power, we are being told that that event marked the birth of the Mongolian state, the Yeke Monggol Ulus. There can, of course, be no question that this event happened and that it marked, like the Otrar Incident a dozen years later,2 a major qualitative change in the history of Mongolia and indeed of most of northern Asia. What is of equal importance but has been neglected or entirely ignored was the birth of a Mongolian nation, or perhaps more precisely speaking, a new Mongolian nation. The relative neglect is understandable because the two terms are frequently used interchangeably. I hope to show not only that state and nation are two different entities but that in the case of Mongolia they differ in size and longevity, with nation being the more enduring. A state, such as the one Chinggis Khan created in 1206 on the banks of the Onon River, is an objectively definable political entity led by a government. Its existence can be ascertained regardless of the efficacy of its government. A nation, on the other hand, is a cultural entity characterised by a variety of common objective features, such as language, customs and habits, and economic activities. Most importantly, and in contrast to a state, a nation is also defined by the subjective force of a sense of identity.3 Moreover, this sense of identity is heavily dependent on context. During the time of the Mongol world empire, men serving with the armies in far-away lands undoubtedly identified themselves with the Mongolian nation, but members of their own families staying behind at home had probably little or no reason to identify themselves with any ‘nation’ beyond their own clan.4 If state and nation are not identical, it follows that they are rarely, if ever, truly interchangeable concepts.
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Marchina, Charlotte, Antoine Zazzo, Nicolas Lazzerini, Aurélie Coulon, Sébastien Lepetz, Noost Bayarkhuu, Tsagaan Turbat und Camille Noûs. „Kazakh Variations for Herders and Animals in the Mongolian Altai: Methodological Contributions to the Study of Nomadic Pastoralism“. Nomadic Peoples 26, Nr. 1 (01.03.2022): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/np.2022.260103.
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Kazakh herders of the Mongolian Altai practice a form of nomadism characterised by high altitudinal amplitude and more frequent movements than in other regions of Mongolia. This paper proposes a local scale study of nomadic practices using an original multidisciplinary methodological approach combining anthropological surveys and several years' GPS data tracking of five herder families' herds. The dialogue between geo-localised and qualitative data over several consecutive years makes it possible to better understand the environmental, economic, social and individual factors that determine nomadic routes and calendars. It also highlights the ways in which herders cope with interannual variations. In particular, this new methodology reveals the importance of temporary herd separations and re-evaluates the frequency of nomadic movements, which might have been underestimated by the classical anthropological approach.
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Oinotkinova, N. R. „Представители семейства кошачьих в лингвокультуре и мифологии алтайцев“. Languages and Folklore of Indigenous Peoples of Siberia, Nr. 50 (2024): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2312-6337-2024-2-87-99.
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The study focuses on the lexical-semantic and linguistic-cultural features of zoonyms denoting the representatives of the family Felidae in the Altai language. The study sources are various folklore texts and dictionaries of the Altai and other Turkic and Mongolian languages. The main research methods include descriptive,lexical-semantic, contextual, and component analysis. The novelty is a comprehensive description of the lexical-semantic features of zoolexemes shülüzin (lynx), maany (manul, wild cat), irbis (snow leopard), arslan/karakula (lion), and bar (tiger) in the context of Altai language and folklore. The Altai Mountains are inhabited by only three feline animals: manul, lynx, and snow leopard. The Altai language zoonyms for these species, maan, shülüzin, and irbis, were borrowed from the Mongolian language. The differences have been found in the designations of lynx: the southern dialects of Altai and in the Altai literary language feature the Mongolism shülüzin and Chalkan, Kumandin, and Tubalar have the Siberian word üüs/üs. The Türkic zoonyms bar and arslan/karakula have been preserved in the language and folklore of the Altai people, despite these animals do not live in the Altai Mountains. These animals are depicted in Scythian archaeological monuments, the 12-year eastern calendar, and Altai myths. Belonging to the category of “black (dark)” animals created by the deity of the underworld, the manul, lynx, and snow leopard are mythologized. While hunting these animals te Altaians would follow specific prohibitions and customs. The depictions of these predators in myths and legends have come to symbolize power and might.
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Gombobaatar, Sundev, Dorj Ususkhjargal und Reuven Yosef. „A Review of the Conservation Status of Shorebirds in Mongolia“. Animals 14, Nr. 12 (10.06.2024): 1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14121752.
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We present the first comprehensive review of 62 migratory shorebird species in Mongolia, covering their ecological status, IUCN assessments at regional or national levels, population trends, threats, and conservation measures. Mongolia hosts a total of 62 shorebird species from twenty-two genera and seven families, with six species classified as globally threatened: the Critically Endangered Sociable Lapwing, the Endangered Siberian Sandplover, the Far Eastern Curlew, the Great Knot, and the Vulnerable Sharp-Tailed Sandpiper. Both national and global IUCN Red List assessments highlight Mongolia’s significance as a breeding and passage migrating site for globally threatened and Near-Threatened shorebirds. Species richness is higher in northern regions compared to the south, with the highest diversity found in areas with complex aquatic ecosystems. Global population trends indicate a decline in 61% of species, with 18% remaining stable, 16% of unknown status, and 5% increasing. At the national level, most species are stable (61%), 34% status is unknown, and 5% are decreasing. Anthropogenic-induced threats, including habitat loss and degradation, pollution, disturbance, and harvesting, pose significant risks to 69% of species, while natural disasters affect 11%. Additionally, 8% of species are impacted by accidental mortality and intrinsic factors, and 5% by changes in native species. Despite these threats, no specific conservation action plans exist for shorebirds in Mongolia. However, general conservation measures are in place, such as environmental and fauna protection laws, regulations on foreign trade in endangered species, and the establishment of protected areas under governmental resolutions. Mongolia also participates in international conventions like the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Ramsar, and Migratory Species (CMS), and has developed national red lists, red books, and publications such as A Summary Conservation Action Plan for Mongolian Birds, Important Bird Areas to support conservation efforts.
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Vakanjac, Boris, Neil Rutherford, Vesna Ristić Vakanjac, Tanita Đumić und Suzana Đorđević Milošević. „Distribution of Uranium and Rare Elements in Radioactive Phosphate-Bearing Anomalies in Southeast Mongolia“. Minerals 10, Nr. 4 (30.03.2020): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10040307.
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Soviet and Mongolian geologists initiated geological exploration of Mongolia for minerals after World War II (1945). These activities lasted until the breakup of the USSR in 1991. As part of this exploration systematic uranium and rare element exploration was undertaken across Mongolia. New exploration resumed in Mongolia at the beginning of the 21st century for a range of ore and mineral deposit styles including uranium, coal, base and precious metals and Fe-ore. This was generally undertaken by Western-based companies. This paper presents the results from regional reassessment by company exploration in 2011 for uranium radiometric anomalism found during the early Soviet investigations located north of Sainshand Provincial City and the results of preliminary prospecting studies near the town of Mandakh, both in southeastern Mongolia. These radioactive sites are characterized by elevated phosphate–uranium-rare element abundance. The primary company exploration objective of the new study was to confirm and characterize the anomalies and investigate in more detail the concentration of uranium and rare elements at these sites and assess the economic potential for their exploitation. A secondary objective based on the results from radiochemistry and rare element content was to highlight the potential environmental impact on livestock pastoral activities and wellbeing of nomadic families who graze their stock over the anomalous zones in the region. The source of most of the anomalism is considered derived from erosion and subsequent transport in solution or in heavy minerals from extensively eroded granites and mafic magmas of various ages into graben basins and drainage depressions in the windswept arid terrain. The economic potential of the sites explored was considered too low to be of exploration interest. The anomalism does require characterization for environmental health and safety purposes, given sheep, goats, camels and other livestock traditionally bred in Mongolia are grazing on the enriched pasture and nomadic people reside on, or in their vicinity of elevated zones of radiometric anomalism from anomalous uranium, radon and radium held in phosphorus enriched soils.
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Gaedike, Reinhard, und Jan Šumpich. „Tinea altaica sp. nov. and new records of some small moths from the Russian Altai (Lepidoptera: Meessiidae, Tineidae, Douglasiidae, Epermeniidae, Glyphipterigidae: Acrolepiinae)“. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57, Nr. 1 (01.07.2017): 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aemnp-2017-0073.
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Abstract The paper summarizes the results of our study of selected Microlepidoptera families (Meessiidae, Tineidae, Douglasiidae, Epermeniidae, Glyphipterigidae: Acrolepiinae) collected in the Russian Altai. Tinea altaica sp. nov. is described from the vicinity of Tashanta on the Russian-Mongolian border and from Mongolia. The new species distantly resembles Tinea semifulvella Haworth, 1828 and T. semifulvelloides Petersen, 1973. The up to now unknown females of Klimeschia biarmatella Budashkin, 2003 and Monopis luteocostalis Gaedike, 2006 are described. Scardia boletella (Fabricius, 1794), Crassicornella crassicornella (Zeller, 1847), Trichophaga ziniella Zagulajev, 1960, Tineola bisselliella (Hummel, 1823), Monopis laevigella (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), M. pallidella Zagulajev, 1955, Epermenia ochreomaculella asiatica Gaedike, 1979, and Acrolepiopsis sapporensis (Matsumura, 1931) are recorded from the Altai Republic for the first time. Tinea hongorella Zagulajev, 1975 and Klimeschia biarmatella Budashkin, 2003, so far known only from the holotypes, are new species for Russia. Tinea hongorella is also a new species for Europe.
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Rentsendorj, Gandulam, und Batnaran Khodroi. „Study review of the composition grasshoppers in Mongolia“. Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 29, Nr. 1 (30.04.2020): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v29i1.1375.
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The Mongolian grasshopper component (foreign and Mongolian researchers) study was carried out in the period 1951 to 2019 years during 68 years the materials in main classification unit that is divided 2 periods which are good condition climate before 1990 year and changed climate. We have updated 3 families and 48 genus considering total 110 species of Mongolian orthoptera which was travelers, researchers and biology expeditions known 1951 to 1989 years materials. Also updated 2 families and 33 genus considering total 81 species grasshopper distribution of Mongolia because of tandem with the climate change 1995 to 2019 years. Summing up the results of the study conducted in the period from 1951 to 2019 years, it was known that 4 families and 50 genus considering total 135 species, were distributed in our country. Last decades totally distributed 60 percent of Mongolian grasshoppers which is considering known 81 species. Therefore, there is a need to intensify study and to examine in detail the rare and unexplored species of grasshoppers and to take in conservation issues.
Монгол орны царцааны зүйлийн бүрэлдэхүүний судалгааны ажлын тойм
Монгол орны царцааны зүйлийн бүрэлдэхүүний судалгааг 1951-2019 он хүртэл 68 жилийн хугацаанд хийсэн гадаадын болон өөрийн эрдэмтэн судлаачдын материалуудыг ангилал зүйн ерөнхий нэг нэгжид оруулан хугацааны хувьд 2 үечлэл буюу уур амьсгал тааламжтай 1990 оноос өмнө, уур амьсгал өөрчлөгдсөн 1990 оноос хойш гэж авч үзэн хийж гүйцэтгэлээ. Монгол орны шулуун далавчит шавьжийн судалгааг хийсэн байгаль сонирхогч аялагчид, биологийн экспедицүүд түүнтэй холбоотой 1951-1989 оны хоорондох материалуудыг эмхэтгэн царцааны 3 овгийн 48 төрөлд хамаарах 110 зүйлийг тэмдэглэснийг нэгтгэн гаргалаа. Монголд оронд уур амьсгалын өөрчлөлт идэвхтэй явагдаж байгаа энэ цаг үетэй уялдуулан манай орны эрдэмтэд судлаачид царцааны нарийвчилсан судалгаануудыг хийсээр байгаа бөгөөд тэдгээрийн 1995-2019 онуудад туурвисан бүтээлүүд болон судалгааны ажлын материалуудыг эмхэтгэн царцааны 2 овгийн 33 төрөлд хамаарах 81 зүйлийн тархалтыг тогтоолоо. Судалгааны ажлуудын 1951-2019 оны хооронд хийсэн дээрх үр дүнг нэгтгэхэд манай оронд царцааны 4 овгийн 50 төрөлд хамаарах 135 зүйлийн царцаа тархсаныг тогтоолоо. Сүүлийн жилүүдэд илрүүлэн тархалтыг нь тогтоогоод байгаа 81 зүйл нь манай оронд тархсан нийт царцааны 60% болж байна. Иймээс одоогоор тархалт нь тодорхой бус байгаа царцааны зүйлүүдийн биологи, экологи, биологийн олон янз байдал, ангилал зүй, тархалтын судалгаанууд бүрэн хийгдээгүйтэй холбогдуулан цаашид нарийвчилсан судалгааны ажлыг үргэлжлүүлэн хийж эрчимжүүлэн, хамгааллын асуудлыг авч хэрэгжүүлэх шаардлагатай байна.
Түлхүүр үг: Царцаа, тархалт, ангилал зүйн нэгж, харьцуулсан үечлэл, зүйлийн тоо
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Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj, Magsar Urgamal, Batlai Oyuntsetseg, Alexander P. Sukhorukov, Zagarjav Tsegmed, Dong Chan Son, Andrey Erst et al. „Flora of Mongolia: annotated checklist of native vascular plants“. PhytoKeys 192 (14.03.2022): 63–169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.192.79702.
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In this study, we critically revised and updated the checklist of native vascular plants of Mongolia. The checklist comprises 3,041 native vascular plant taxa (2,835 species and 206 infraspecific species) from 653 genera and 111 families, including 7 lycophytes, 41 ferns, 21 gymnosperms, and 2,972 angiosperms. In the angiosperms, we identified the 14 families with the greatest species richness, ranging from 50 to 456 taxa. Species endemism is also noted here; 102 taxa are endemic to Mongolia, and 275 taxa are sub-endemic that co-occur in adjacent countries. Since 2014, a total of 14 taxa have been described new to science based on morphological evidences. Moreover, five genera and 74 taxa were newly added to the flora of Mongolia. Based on our critical revisions, names of three families, 21 genera, and 230 species have been changed in comparison to the previous checklist, “Conspectus of the vascular plants of Mongolia” (2014).
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Castrillón, Renato D’Alençon, Olivia Kummel und Purev-Erdene Ershuu. „Social Development and Space Patterns in Ger Settlements“. Inner Asia 18, Nr. 2 (15.12.2016): 223–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340066.
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Over the last 20 years, Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, has witnessed unprecedented urbanisation. Nomadic families from the rural provinces of the country have been pouring into the city and developing the so-called ‘ger settlements’. The traditional mobile dwelling, the ger (Mongolian for ‘yurt’), forms the nucleus of semi-formal settlement compounds, where yurts and makeshift shelters are surrounded by improvised walls and connected by dusty access lanes. Ger settlements lack essential urban services, such as water and sewage systems, as well as many public services and public spaces. At the same time, ger settlements are dynamic, hybrid spaces in which nomadic/rural and urban lifestyles still merge today, bearing problems but also opportunities for the city, as linkages to former nomadic lifestyles. The paper discusses challenges to community making and empowerment when transforming from nomadic life style to urban life and these are linked to the traditions and daily routines of ger settlement Yarmag.
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Dyachkov, Yurii V., und Gyulli Sh Farzalieva. „An annotated checklist of Chilopoda from Mongolia“. Ecologica Montenegrina 64 (08.08.2023): 221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2023.64.7.
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The paper presents a comprehensive overview of the studies on Chilopoda of Mongolia, and an annotated checklist based on the critical revision of the literature data and additional material. In total, 29 species arranged in 10 genera, 7 families, and three orders (Geophilomorpha, Lithobiomorpha, and Scutigeromorpha) have been reported from Mongolia. Among these, 7 species are known from Mongolia only, and 3 species are of uncertain validity. Lithobius proximus Sseliwanoff, 1878 and L. princeps Stuxberg, 1876 are new to the fauna of Mongolia. The history of the studies on Chilopoda of Mongolia is provided.
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Van Driem, George. „Sino-Bodic“. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 60, Nr. 3 (Oktober 1997): 455–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x0003250x.
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In terms of number of speakers, Tibeto-Burman vies with Indo-European for the title of the world's largest language family. Yet by comparison little is known of its past. In linguistic terms, eastern Eurasia has always been much more of aterra incognitathan western Eurasia. Speakers of Tibeto-Burman languages occupy a vast area in the heartland of eastern Eurasia, but Tibeto- Burman peoples are by no means the only inhabitants of the Orient. Yet at one time it was believed that virtually all languages spoken by what was impressionistically called ‘the Mongoloid race’ or ‘Mongolian races’ belonged to a vast language family known as Turanian. In the middle of the last century, Friedrich Max Müller, a celebrated champion of this theory, divided the languages of the Old World into three language families.
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Batorova, Elena A., und Elvira N. Raitsanova. „Female Jewelry of the Mongolian People in the Collection of the V. A. Obruchev Kyakhta Local Museum“. Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 24, Nr. 2 (2022): 260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2022.24.2.038.
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This article examines the Mongolian female jewelry collection of the Kyakhta Local Museum amounting to almost a hundred and fifty items. The collection started with expeditions of the Russian Geographical Society in the early twentieth century and continued throughout the Soviet period when it was significantly enlarged with items from various regions of Buryatia. According to the museum’s documents, and most of the items are still unidentified, the collection consists of scattered items or their individual elements which need proper research and technical expertise. During their examination of the said items, the authors solve several problems, i.e. they analyse and describe the art piece, the semantics of the ornamentation, identify the scrambled elements and pieces of jewelry used in the traditional costume of the Buryat regions. The authors use the iconographic, iconological, and comparative methods. The full set of female jewelry for the Mongolian people adorns the head, the neck, the chest, the shoulders, the waist and both arms. The article only focuses on headpieces and items worn hanging from the temples all the way down to the chest. It includes the description of silver decorations used for the top of male and female hats, and techniques for their differentiation. The study attempts to attribute the jewelry to define its affiliation with a specific Buryat ethnic group, as different areas of Buryatia and Mongolia have their own variations and artistic identities expressed in the traditional costume of their tribes and families. The article describes three items of Mongolian female jewelry. The authors aim to continue the research by focusing on each group of female jewelry attire with reference to comparable material from different museums.
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Ayusheeva, Marina V. „Экспедиционная деятельность П. Б. Балданжапова“. Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 13, Nr. 4 (30.12.2021): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-4-661-671.
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The article examines one of the aspects of the creative heritage of Purbo Baldanovich Baldanzhapov (1921–1991), the eminent scholar of history and culture of Mongolian-speaking peoples. The study is of relevance, granted the importance of his field work and materials collected in the expeditions, including the data on the history and culture of Buryats, Mongolians, and Tuvans that need to be published. The article aims to give an estimate of Baldanzhapov’s scholarly work and of his role for the development of science in Buryatia and to introduce his field materials to make them available for scientific study. For the purpose, methods of source studies were used for the description and analysis of the field materials under study and the biographical method was employed in the estimation of the scholar’s contribution to the study of the history and culture of the Mongolian-speaking peoples. Materials used for the research were his field reports, reports, expedition diaries, and notebooks kept in the scholar’s personal archive (f. no. 29) at the Center for Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute of Mongolian Studies, Buddhology and Tibetology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Results. While he was involved in numerous scholarly activities, Baldanzhapov focused on the collection and identification of written monuments, especially Mongolian chronicles and works on Indo-Tibetan medicine. As a member of historical- ethnographic expeditions, he collected data on shamanistic rituals, Buryat clans and families, folklore, and ethnography. His data on the spiritual culture of the Buryats and Mongolians, the transformation of Mongolian society and the development of school education in Mongolia substantially supplement and concretize the history and culture of the peoples under study. Conclusions. Baldanzhapov managed to implement several large projects for the study of written sources, the spiritual culture of the Buryats and Mongolians, and Indo-Tibetan medicine. The draft records of most field materials are not easy to work with, but they are sure to be of relevance for the researchers in the field. Notably, in terms of their thematic coverage, the archival materials, Mongolian and Tibetan manuscripts and xylographs, microfilms, which the scholar managed to collect, are unique in the collection of the Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies (SB RAS).
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Janhunen, Juha A. „An Amuro-Mongolic Etymon and Its Diachronic Implications“. International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics 4, Nr. 2 (20.02.2023): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25898833-00420029.
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Abstract The paper discusses the etymological connection between Amuric *alr ‘berry’ and Mongolic *alïr-su/n ‘lingonberry’. The two items represent the common root *alïr and must reflect a trace of language contact. However, unlike several other lexical items shared by Amuric and Mongolic, this word is not attested in Tungusic, except as a very late and localized secondary borrowing from Mongolic. This means that the connection may be due to a relatively old direct contact between Pre-Proto-Amuric and Pre-Proto-Mongolic. This, in turn, has implications to the question concerning the prehistorical locations of the Amuric, Mongolic, and Tungusic language families in southern and central Manchuria.
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Buyandelger, Suuri, Tojoo Enkhbayar, Baatargal Otgonbayar, Myagmar Zulbayar und Badamdorj Bayartogtokh. „Ecosystem Engineering Effects of Mongolian Marmots (Marmota sibirica) on Terrestrial Arthropod Communities“. Mongolian Journal Of Biological Sciences 19, Nr. 2 (2021): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2021.19.11.
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The Mongolian marmot (Marmota sibirica) is a large, endangered rodent species that ranges across the steppe regions of Mongolia, and parts of China and Russia. Marmot lives colonially and creates extensive burrow systems that change the soil nutrient profiles and influence plant and animal community composition and productivity. We examined the role of marmots on the diversity and abundance of ground-dwelling and flying insects. We hypothesize that the arthropod communities differ between marmot colonies and surrounding grasslands in diversity and abundance. We trapped 4765 individuals of arthropods representing 178 species of insects and 12 families of spiders. Marmot colony sites differed significantly from off colony sites by communities of ground-dwelling and flying insects. Our findings indicate that abundance and species richness of arthropods are largely associated with marmot burrows, which might be a reason for increased habitat heterogeneity, such as bare ground, specific vegetation structure, and thermoregulatory site by ecosystem engineering. Our results demonstrate that the marmots are keystone species in arid ecosystems, and have complementary, additive effects on steppe arthropod communities.
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Myagmartseren, D. „Relationship between Doctor and Patient in Mongolia“. Huisarts en Wetenschap 47, Nr. 6 (Juni 2004): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03083903.
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Enkhjargal, E. „Contribution to the hepatic flora of the ridge Khoridol Saridag (Northern Mongolia)“. Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии 19, Nr. 1 (05.06.2020): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2020041.
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The research of moss on the ridge Khoridol Saridag in Northern Mongolia was conducted in 2006–2018.As a result of research in these areas we collected 40 samples of mosses. When processing the collected materials, 18hepatics belonging to 16 genera and 9 families were identified. Among these newly identified mosses for Prikhuvsuguldistrict, 10 species are recorded as new for the hepatic flora of Mongolia.
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SCHEIBLER, E., R. WEINANDY und R. GATTERMANN. „Social categories in families of Mongolian gerbils“. Physiology & Behavior 81, Nr. 3 (Mai 2004): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.02.011.
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B, Enkhbold. „Deference etiquettes among Mongolian and German families“. Mongolian Journal of Foreign Languages and Culture 16, Nr. 1 (2012): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/mjflc2012135.
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Imideeva, Irina V. „EMPLOYMENT OF MONGOLIAN CITIZENS IN OUTSIDE COUNTRIES: STATUS AND REASONS“. Today and Tomorrow of Russian Economy, Nr. 105-106 (2021): 38–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/1993-4947-2021-105-106-04.
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This article examines the processes of emigration of Mongolian citizens and their problems, including during a pandemic. Research and analysis were carried out in relation to the choice of the country of permanent or temporary residence, gender and age ratio, reasons for emigration, and living conditions. Today the trend is as follows, including during a pandemic, thousands of people move from one country to another and from one region to another, changing cities and places of residence for the sake of well-being, decent wages, in search of better living conditions. However, personal safety, the safety of families and children began to be felt more during the pandemic, this became the reason for the majority of citizens to return home. It has been 20 years since Mongolian citizens began to freely move around the world, for example, according to official data, at the end of 2020, more than 101 thousand Mongolians live and work abroad, one third of which are in South Korea. In the years before the pandemic, the number of Mongols living and working in other countries grew steadily, but due to a number of reasons, including the pandemic, some citizens began to return to their homeland. For example, on the part of employers, there are violations of labor contracts, living conditions, etc. The government of Mongolia has taken a number of measures to return its citizens to their homeland. So, to date, this figure is more than 40 thousand people, leaving work, study, treatment, residence abroad. In this regard, the subject of this research is the study of the emigration process of Mongolian citizens in the context of past periods. The purpose of studying this direction is to study and identify the main difficulties and problems of the emigration process over a twenty-year period and present a comprehensive analysis. Thus, the relevance of this study is to study and clarify the nature of the reasons for the departure of Mongolian citizens from the country. The study and analysis of the emigration of the population has been facilitated to this day by various reasons, such as environmental, political, economic, social, cultural and others. The methodological part of the study included the use of sampling methods, the use of methods for collecting and analyzing data, as well as empirical research. The study of the number of emigrating citizens was carried out in the period from 2010 to 2020, the data of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia, the official population census and the property fund of the country were compared. Depending on the country of residence, the largest number of people study in India, China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Japan, Germany and Ireland, and leave for permanent residence in Poland, Great Britain and the USA. In countries such as South Korea, the Czech Republic and Hungary, they work more under contracts. Turkey, South Korea, Sweden, Czech Republic, Switzerland and Poland are chosen as self-employment. The studied population group was studied in relation to travel purposes, including: training, permanent residence, contract work, work on a business trip, self-employment, living with family members, etc. The largest number of respondents leave for study, in 2020 their number was 35.8 percent, in second place is self-employment. In terms of the ratio of men and women living abroad, 80 percent are women. Due to the lack of a complete information field, a system for the movement of Mongolian citizens, it is difficult to determine the complete provision on international migration and their employment. There is no assessment of international migration and its situation in general. There is a very general number of different sources on labor migration, where only the total number of Mongols living and working abroad is indicated. Thus, a more transparent system is needed for the formal collection of information on external labor migration, and these are the tasks of emigration, including information on working and living conditions, problems, difficulties and consequences of migration, using them to analyze and develop further political regulation. Thus, we will determine the economic, social, environmental, political and social goals of the emigration outflow of the population. It is worth paying attention to the official and complete collection of data in this area. As suggestions and recommendations, it is necessary to establish an official information base for the governing bodies regarding the international migration of Mongolian citizens.
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T, Ulaanbaatar. „Solar Energy Resource in Mongolia and Electrification for Nomadic Families“. Физик сэтгүүл 6, Nr. 147 (15.03.2022): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/physics.v6i147.837.
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O'ROURKE, Michael, Michael MIRA, Bunijav ORGIL und Jacques JEUGMANS. „Developing family medicine in Mongolia“. Asia Pacific Family Medicine 2, Nr. 2 (Juni 2003): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1444-1683.2003.00062.x.
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Sambalkhundev, Khash-Erdene, und Galbadrakh Sosorbaramyn. „COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on the Living Standards of the Darkhan-Uul Aimak Population in Mongolia“. EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 14, Nr. 4 (27.01.2021): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2020-4-42-49.
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The paper analyzes the situation in the economy of Mongolia due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Particular attention is paid to the negative dynamics of living standards. The authors present two sociological surveys’ results of Darkhan-Uul aimak residents in Mongolia in May and August 2020. They have found that the economic downturn in this industrialized region has significantly affected the incomes of workers in various fields of activity and their families. The fall in the income level of the population affected more than two thirds of the population, about 10% of workers lost their jobs.
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Averianov, A. O., und A. V. Lopatin. „NEW DATA ON LATE CRETACEOUS THEROPODS FROM THE BOSTOBE FORMATION OF NORTHEASTERN ARAL SEA REGION (KAZAKHSTAN)“. Доклады Российской академии наук. Науки о Земле 510, Nr. 1 (01.05.2023): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2686739723600121.
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Two isolated metatarsals (III and IV) of theropod dinosaurs from the Bostobe Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Santonian–Campanian) of the Shakh-Shakh locality in Kazakhstan are assigned to the representatives of the families Caenagnathidae and Dromaeosauridae, respectively. The metatarsal III of Caenagnathidae indet. confirms the presence of oviraptorosaurs in the dinosaur assemblage from the Bostobe Formation. This bone is very similar morphologically with the metatarsal III of Elmisaurus rarus Osmólska, 1981 from the Maastrichtian of Mongolia. The metatarsal IV of Dromaeosauridae indet. is characterized by a lateral crest, which among dromaeosaurids is known only for Velociraptor mongoliensis Osborn, 1924 from the Campanian of Mongolia.
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Steiner-Khamsi, Gita, und Ines Stolpe. „Non-Traveling ‘Best Practices' for a Traveling Population: The Case of Nomadic Education in Mongolia“. European Educational Research Journal 4, Nr. 1 (März 2005): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/eerj.2005.4.1.2.
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This article deals with a particular ‘best practice’ in Mongolia (boarding schools) that neither traveled elsewhere nor was rescued from the socialist past and adopted in the post-socialist present. The boarding schools accommodating children from nomadic herder families have experienced a long decade (1991–2003) of neglect. The boarding school system of the twenty-first century has ceased to be a universal institution catering to a nomadic population, and has been transformed into a socially stratified system that mostly attracts students from poor families (nomadic and otherwise) who could not afford to entertain alternative living arrangements for their school-aged children. The authors treat nomadic education in Mongolia as an interesting case of a ‘transfer vacuum.’ The authors investigate the political and economic reasons for this immunity towards ‘lessons from elsewhere’ or ‘lessons from the past,’ and draw conclusions for research on educational policy borrowing and lending.
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O, Banzragchgarav, Battur B, Battsetseg B, Myagmarsuren P, Murata T und Batkhuu J. „Acaricidal Activity of Mongolian Plants Against Dermacentor nuttalli“. Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 28, Nr. 03 (30.12.2019): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v28i03.1307.
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Dermacentor nuttalli is the most commonly distributed tick species in Mongolia, and responsible for huge economic losses related to tick-borne diseases in livestock industry. Many rural herders have used plants to control tick which is noted in few documents, mostly transferred orally through generations. The aim of the present study was to determine acaricidal activity of Mongolian plants against D. nuttalli. We checked acaricidal activity of 113 crude extracts of 76 plant species included in 26 families. Among them Amaranthus retroflexus root (40%), Ephedra sinica leaf (40%), Erigeron acer root (40%), Ranunculus japonicus root (42%), and Spiraea salicifolia leaf (43.5%) showed potential activity against D. nuttalli. Acaricidal activity of Mongolian plants were experimented in vitro condition in first time. Furthermore, the study will continue isolation and identification active ingredients of potential candidates. We hope this study will be start line of acaricidal activity research in our country.
Монгол орны ургамлын Акарицид (хачиг үхүүлэх) идэвхийн судалгаа
Монгол орны бүх бүс нутагт Dermacentor nuttalli зүйл хачиг өргөн тархсан төдийгүй мал аж ахуйд хамгийн их хор хөнөөл учруулдаг. Малчид хачиг, шавжтай тэмцэхэд зарим ургамлыг ханд, цацлага, утлага хэлбэрээр хэрэглэж ирсэн уламжлалтай ч түүний шинжлэх ухааны үндэслэлтэй эсэхийг тогтоох судалгаа төдийлөн хийгдээгүй байна. Бид энэ удаа D. nuttalli хачиг дээр турших цуврал судалгааны ажлыг эхлүүлэх зорилго тавин ажиллав. Нийт 26 овогт хамаарагдах 76 зүйл ургамлын 113 дээж дээр акарицид идэвхийг шалгахад, тэдгээрээс Урвуу гагадайн (Amaranthus retroflexus) үндэс, Нангиад зээргэний (Ephedra sinica) навч, Хахуун цийлэгийн (Erigeron acer) үндэс тус бүр 40%, Япон холтсон цэцгийн (Ranunculus japonicus) үндэс 42%, Бургас навчит тавилганы (Spiraea salicifolia) навч 43.5% буюу бусад ургамлаас илүү идэвх үзүүлж байв. Энэхүү судалгаагаар анх удаа Монгол орны хачиг дээр in vitro орчинд туршин сорих арга зүйг нэвтрүүллээ. Энэ нь цаашид ургамлаас хачгийн эсрэг үйлдэлтэй бодис, нэгдэлийг хайж илрүүлэх, цуврал суурь судалгааны ажлын эхлэл болж өгч байгаагаараа чухал ач холбогдолтой юм.
Түлхүүр үг: акарицид (хачиг үхүүлэх) идэвх, хачиг, Dermacentor nuttalli, ургамал
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Hayford, Barbara, und Jon Gelhaus. „The Relationship Between Grazing, Erosion and Adult Aquatic Insects in Streams in Mongolia“. Mongolian Journal Of Biological Sciences 8, Nr. 1 (2010): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/mjbs.2010.08.04.
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Overgrazing along stream channels in Mongolia may impact streams by increasing stream channel erosion and in-stream sediments, water temperature, pH, and conductivity. Grazing and erosion impacts may impair stream insects. The Mongolian Aquatic Insect Survey sampled 250 streams during summer seasons in 2003-2006 and 2008. On-site identifi cations of aquatic insect families mostly based on collections of adults were recorded for each site, leading us to ask whether the family-level data were useful in biological assessment related to impacts and impairment from grazing and erosion. A double dendrogram based on hierarchical cluster analysis was used to fi nd patterns in sites and aquatic insect communities. Sites did not group by sampling period, but some sites did group by stream size and elevation. However, elevation was not a signifi cant predictor of variation in aquatic insect metrics. Analysis of variance was used to determine whether insect metrics and water quality variables varied signifi cantly between categories of erosion in the stream channel. Plecoptera and Diptera richness decreased with increased erosion and Percent Diptera Richness was the only aquatic insect metric to vary signifi cantly between categories of erosion along the stream channel. Water temperature, conductivity, and pH also signifi cantly increased with increased erosion. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether aquatic insect metrics could be predicted by variation in landscape, water quality and stream reach variables. Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, and Coleoptera richness increased with increased erosion, conductivity, and pH, but not signifi cantly. Percent Diptera Richness formed the only signifi cant model in the multiple regression analysis, with conductivity the only signifi cant predictor of variation in Percent Diptera Richness. Family-level data generated in the fi eld indicated that sampling for Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera diversity would be maximized by sampling streams undergoing intermediate levels of disturbance from grazing and erosion, that sampling for the Diptera and Plecoptera diversity would be maximized by sampling streams with less erosion and grazing, and that Diptera richness was impaired by erosion related to grazing in Mongolian streams.
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Lkhagvasuren Altanchimeg, Lkhagvasuren Altanchimeg, und Chungseo Kang. „Developmental Typologies of 5-Year-Old Children in Relation to Family Income and Region: Evidence from Mongolia“. SNU Journal of Education Research 33, Nr. 4 (31.12.2024): 23–50. https://doi.org/10.54346/sjer.2024.33.4.23.
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Pogorelova, Irina G., und G. Amgalan. „Characteristics of physical growth of schoolchildren in Mongolia and their forming factors“. Hygiene and sanitation 95, Nr. 12 (28.10.2019): 1198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-12-1198-1201.
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The article considers the findings of hygienic assessments of educational conditions in urban and rural schools in Mongolia and socio-economic conditions of living of schoolchildren and analysis of anthropometric measurements of schoolchildren aged of 7-16 years in relation to the assessment of harmonicity of their physical development. Hygienic conditions in Mongolian schools are characterized by improper organization of the educational - accomplishment process, high occupancy rate in classes causing insufficient space for a pupil and disconformity of school furniture parameters of school desks and chairs to growth and age requirements of pupils. Comparative assessment of socio-economic factors revealed (выделено автором) that the majority (84.1%) of rural pupils reside in uncomfortable houses and gerdwellings, 58.5 % - in large families with many children, 46.3 % - in families with poor living conditions. There were obtained data about differences in physical development of urban and rural schoolchildren pronounced with age by the gain in the number of children with disharmonious development and children with lower physical indices of the development, delayed by 1-2 years appearance of the crossing of growth and growth shift typical for rural children in comparison with their urban counterparts. According to results of multivariate regression analysis most significant factors for the formation of physical development of school children in descending order are academic workload, the place of residence, the number of children in the family, uncomfortable living conditions, household income and parent’s education. In the presence of these factors, the risk of the formation of disharmonious physical growth of school children increases by 1.8-2.8 times. The probability of the risk offormation of disharmonious physical development of schoolchildren living in rural areas was found to be by 2.5 times more than for their urban counterparts. The results can be usedfor scientific substantiation and development of targeted health measures.
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Ahearn, Ariell. „The Role of Kinship in Negotiating Territorial Rights“. Inner Asia 18, Nr. 2 (15.12.2016): 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340067.
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This paper explores the role of kinship in herder claims for winter shelter ownership in rural Mongolia, where pastureland is currently designated as state-owned property in the national constitution. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted amongst mobile pastoralist households, this article demonstrates how contemporary winter pasture rights take shape within a locus of political relations structured by custodial land-use practices. It highlights the ways that herders negotiate for territorial rights through appeals to established regional families and are how these appeals are mediated by local government administration. From this analysis, I argue that concepts of kinship in the political economy of pastoralism should be re-examined in light of current debates around land-tenure legislation in Mongolia.
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Elit, L., E. Jack, E. Kwan, G. Baigal und S. Narod. „A unique BRCA1 mutation identified in Mongolia“. International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 11, Nr. 3 (Mai 2001): 241–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200105000-00014.
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This is a case report of genetic assessment conducted on a family residing in the third world where two sisters have presented with early onset ovarian cancer. Protein truncation testing and DNA sequencing identified a unique mutation on exon 11 (3452delA) of the BRCA1 gene. Buccal swab testing of three siblings and three offspring showed that half of the family members carried the same mutation. Currently, genetic testing in third-world countries is conducted within research budgets, as testing is not affordable or locally available for such high-risk families. Unique mutations in the BRCA1 gene that are expressed in geographically isolated groups will be useful in genetic counseling and preventative maneuvers. The only preventive management strategy available in the third world is prophylactic surgery.
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Bagaajav, Ariunsanaa. „SOCIAL CONTEXTS OF FINANCIAL EXPLOITATION OF OLDER ADULTS IN MONGOLIA: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY“. Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (01.12.2023): 776–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.2509.
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Abstract Financial exploitation (FE) is a type of elder abuse and is the illegal or improper use of funds and resources of older persons. Approximately one in 15 older adults are victimized by FE globally. Due to its devastating consequences, FE has been identified as an emerging health, financial, and social crisis. Evidence suggests exploring cultural values is crucial to understanding the nature of FE in a specific context. While conceptualization of FE varies significantly across cultures, little is known about FE in Mongolia given its potential for increased vulnerability. We present findings of a secondary analysis of previously conducted exploratory study in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. A total of 24 physicians participated in semi-structured interviews, participants who were uniquely positioned to encounter incidences of FE due to requent contact with older patients. All interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Grounded theory methods were used for the data analysis. This study found that older Mongolians are at increased vulnerability to financial exploitation due to mounting financial hardships their families experience. To assist, older adults take out pension loans with high interest fees. Due to a lack of personal fund, essential needs of older adults are often ignored. In some instances, older adults’ pensions could be the most reliable source of income for poor families. Physicians believe while some older adults act upon willingly to assist, some might be forced under the collective decision made by family members. The findings of this study advanced the knowledge of FE in Mongolia which was formerly understudied.
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Adiyabat, Amarbayar, Masahiro Nakajima, Kenji Otani und Kosuke Kurokawa. „Actual Conditions and Problems of Solar Home System-Nomadic Families in Mongolia-“. Agricultural Information Research 15, Nr. 2 (2006): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3173/air.15.139.
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Zhan, Hao, Hanzhang Liu, Wanfeng Ai, Xiaoyi Han, Yu Wang und Xiujun Lu. „Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the bHLH Transcription Factor Family and Its Response to Abiotic Stress in Mongolian Oak (Quercus mongolica)“. Current Issues in Molecular Biology 45, Nr. 2 (31.01.2023): 1127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb45020075.
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The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family, one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants, is extensively involved in the growth, development, and stress response of several woody plants. However, no systematic analysis of the bHLH gene family in Quercus mongolica has been reported. We characterize QmbHLH genes and identify the functions of QmbHLH proteins in Q. mongolica. We used bioinformatics approaches, qRT-PCR analysis, and RNA sequencing data to examine chromosomal distributions, gene structures, and conserved patterns, and identified 89 QmbHLH genes, which were divided into 21 subgroups based on the phylogenetic analysis of bHLH genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Segmental replication played a more prominent role than tandem duplication in the expansion of the QmbHLH gene family. Based on patterns of tissue-specific expression, protein interactions, and cis-element analysis, QmbHLH genes may be extensively involved in the growth and development of Q. mongolica. In leaves, stems, and roots, 12 selected QmbHLH genes exhibited responsiveness to abiotic stresses (salt, cold, weak light, and drought). Our study facilitates follow-up functional investigations of the bHLH gene family in Q. mongolica and provides novel insights into bHLH superfamilies in woody plants.
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k, B. Nandintuya, Hyo-Joo Shin, Hyeon-Sik Moon und Min-Ho Kim. „A Study on the Bilingual Education Experience of Mongolian Immigrant Parents Living in Jeju“. Society for Jeju Studies 61 (28.02.2024): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47520/jjs.2024.61.25.
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This study sought to examine the problem that Korea's bilingual education policy is limited to international marriage families. We investigated how international marriage families, as well as parents of foreign workers and international students, provide bilingual education to their children, what difficulties they face, and what meaning they give to bilingual education. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with parents of four families with Mongolian immigrant background living in Jeju, and a total of four themes and nine subthemes were derived. We confirmed the diversity of bilingual education environments, the contrast in attitudes toward bilingual education, the limitations of bilingual learning resources, and the conflicting meanings of bilingual education. Through this, we confirmed that children with a Mongolian immigrant background can successfully complete bilingual education in Jeju. In addition to parent education, the community and government should further expand bilingual education opportunities from the perspective of multiculturalism, and residents and immigrants should cultivate an attitude of equal exchange and communication from the perspective of interculturalism.