Dissertationen zum Thema „Faculté des sciences économiques et de gestion“
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Alk-Hal, Saloua. „Les étudiants étrangers face aux "genres" académiques français : l'impact des Cours Magistraux et des Travaux dirigés sur le taux d'échec en première année : le cas de la Faculté des Sciences économiques et de Gestion de l'Université Lumière-Lyon 2“. Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/alk-hal_s.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe failure recorded among first year students at French universities is an alarming report. We undertook a study within the faculty of economic and management sciences that accommodate a large number of students a significant part of which is non francophone. We analyzed more particularly the factors which lead the non francophone students to failure at their university studies since their first year. Economic and Management Sciences is a field of study the teaching of which is based on two academic ways: lectures and laboratory classes at the first year. The scientific knowledge transmission is also an initiation to the corresponding languages of speciality. The results of our research show the existence of a significant cause to effect relationship between the nature of the academic teaching ways applied on foreign students of poor knowledge of the French language and the high rate of failure among these latter at their first university year. Throughout our research, we showed that the academic teaching way, in its being oral lectures, generates very important understanding difficulties for foreign students. In parallel to this analysis, we undertook a sociological study which showed that the large number of foreign students and their random self-orientation helps at the understanding of the end of year's disappointments. In conclusion of our research, we carried out some didactic proposals that may help at the improving of cognitive, technical and linguistic skills of the students in difficulty
Odacre, Elisabeth. „L'enseignement des sciences économiques et gestion en BTS en Guadeloupe : entre prescrits nationaux et contexte socio-économique régional“. Thesis, Antilles, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANTI0252/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEven if there is a production of educational resources based on examples in Guadeloupe or its environment, the teaching of the economics sciences and management was not considered as an object of scientific study, though it questions fundamental components of the context of this territory like the socioeconomic situation and the regulatory environment. This study concerns the functioning of some French BTS (Brevet de Technicien Supérieur / Advanced Technician Certificate), a professional diploma prepared in two years after the “baccalaureat”, with national programs and evaluation criteria. The successful candidates are supposed to be immediately employable, especially in their local geographical environment, and are prepared for that by professional training sessions in companies. We are interested in a paradox which can be the result of the national definition of the diploma, in reference to the French mainland realities and the local contexts of teaching and of professional integration, far from the socio-economic and regulatory plans. Firstly, we wonder about the point of view of the teachers of those “BTS” about this paradox: does it exist for them? How is it taken into account in their educational action? These questions allowed us to prepare the second part of this study, among students of BTS. Indeed teachers think that the occupational integration is important. We wanted to know how, during and after professional training sessions– privileged moments for modification of the social representations of the student – their professional project became refined. Before doing these inquiries, we drew up a landscape of the place of the BTS in Guadeloupe and chose to focus our study on two BTS, namely assistant manager [deputy manger] and tourism. The first with programs with few references to the environment of the training, contrary to the second. We wanted to ensure a comparison on what we called the anchoring contextual of a training. In the first survey, we conducted semi-structured interview with Guadeloupean teachers of the two BTS mentioned previously. Our objective was to grasp their conceptions and their practices declared about the contextualization of didactics. The teachers, mentioned context effects, by the paradox mentioned previously and declare to take it account in their teachings of the economics sciences and management by contextualizating their practices. However, these contextualizations remain limited, the teachers feeling forced by the national frame of the diploma. For example, in BTS tourism, the gaps between the local context and the French mainland can result from a transformation less accomplished in Guadeloupe (at the time of the survey) towards the “tourismatique” (computing applied to tourism). In BTS assistant manager, these gaps may stay in the specificities of the economic and fiscal context as for example, the different sets of VAT or the existence of the duck dues in Guadeloupe: these adaptations remain limited by fear of disadvantaging the students for the national exam. This demonstrates paradoxes between the professionalizing aim of the BTS and its programs (exams), and thus (partially) unsuitable for the different contexts of the jobs background
Mathieu-Nicot, Bernadette. „Décision, incertitude et imprécision : quelques applications à la gestion de l'entreprise“. Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOE007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this study is first to find methods to reduce uncertainty and then measure the influence of the main factors in decision-making. The decision maker is expecting an ex-ante period from which he must compute the various possible events in his environnement. After an investigation of risk and uncertainty, we try to find a decision criterion satisfying just as well on the theoretical point of view, than as on that of its practical use. The "fuzzy expected utility" is not only based on the subjective characteristics of possibility but also on the rigourous ones. It has affinity with the exactness of bernoulli theories and the imprecision of human theories considered by g. L. S. Shackle. "fuzzy expected utility" creates a relation between a normative theory, on the one hand, which is based on norms, and on the other hand, with a rather descriptive and explanatory theory. It reconciles theory and applications in reducing the gap between actual actions and behaviours and those which are forecasted by the theory. This conception may be compared with the principle of rationality of h. A. Simon. This new dimension of rationality does not fondamentaly affect the behaviour of the decision-maker with regard to the one which is recommended by the economic theory. Consequently and according to the environnement, the decision-maker always tries to optimize his decision. He perfectly knows that the optimum which is assigned is not necessarily the optimum of classical economic theory
Boog, Boog Jean-Michel. „Le management des ressources technologiques en Afrique subsaharienne : étude d'une contribution à un développement scientifique et technologique endogène : le cas du Cameroun“. Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX32043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIndustrialisation though mass importation of technology has been, for a long time, the basis for science and technology development in subsaharian african countries. The general failure of this policy shows that acquisition of technologies is not a panacea. A succesful industrialisation strategy requires a comprehensive science and technology policy for development in which the final objective is to use better the specificities of the acquired technology system, to control and diffuse them in the national economies. This capacity for countries to manage their technological resources is, in our view, a basis condition for a lasting success in their economic development. For that end, they might take inspiration from the management of technological resources (mrt) steps which involve the use of appropriate criterias to make an assessment of their science and technology resources, a development plan and a valorisation strategy for this assets in profitable industrial activities. Mtr control is therefore one of the priority objectives for these countries with no managerial culture to lead their development in a more independent way
Olembe, Esther. „Production des savoirs dans le discours universitaire en situation d’évaluation endogène : philosophie, sciences économiques et de gestion au Cameroun“. Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20071.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn addition to the general and universal evaluation methods of scientific instituions, this thesis describes knowledge generated by university discourse during validation by local authorities. The framework of experience is the evaluation system in force in Cameroon which serves as social promotion for university lecturers and researchers and legitimizes university work. Deciphering forms of knowledge produced in an endogenous evaluation system is based on historical epistemology and Foucaldian archeology of discourse. The results of the analysis show that knowledge produced falls within the purview of discursive temporality and is anonymous and geographically, culturally and historically marked. It belongs moreover to a network of discourse which goes beyond the lone sphere of universities and disciplines. Knowledge generation mechanisms and strategies are subject to rules and standards which themselves permanently produce forms of power. The theoretical and methodological referents mobilised in this work contribute to the development of traditional frames of information and communication sciences
Rambhujun, Nardeosingh. „La gestion des ressources d'une bibliothèque universitaire : Un exemple : la bibliothèque interuniversitaire de Bordeaux, section droit et sciences économiques“. Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR1D319.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleYamuremye, Tharcisse. „La gestion de la monnaie burundaise et le financement du développement“. Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE21011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe functioning of a currency is very much linked to macro-circuits or productive systems. The objective behind dismantling the pre-colonial and pre-monetary economy by means of a deliberate domination strategy was to integrate the burundian economy into the belgian productive system. Internal coherence has now been replaced by external coherence, given that the goal is now to satisfy the financial centre's build-up needs. The creation of burundi's own monetary area has not modified this structure, although financially speaking it has resulted in the coexistence of formal and informal finance. However, the fact that the financial area is being dismantled is preventing the mechanisms responsible for transferring currency management over to a real economy from operating correctly. We can therefore conclude that if the ultimate goals are efficient monetary management and development financing, then it will be necessary to construct a coherent financial structure as the basis of a new circuit, which will correspond to the new monetary area (the creation of the currency and the burundian central bank)
Madani, Soffana. „Contributions à l’estimation à noyau de fonctionnelles de la fonction de répartition avec applications en sciences économiques et de gestion“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1183/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe income distribution of a population, the distribution of failure times of a system and the evolution of the surplus in with-profit policies - studied in economics and management - are related to continuous functions belonging to the class of functionals of the distribution function. Our thesis covers the kernel estimation of some functionals of the distribution function with applications in economics and management. In the first chapter, we offer local polynomial estimators in the i.i.d. case of two functionals of the distribution function, written LF and TF , which are useful to produce the smooth estimators of the Lorenz curve and the scaled total time on test transform. The estimation method is described in Abdous, Berlinet and Hengartner (2003) and we prove the good asymptotic behavior of the local polynomial estimators. Until now, Gastwirth (1972) and Barlow and Campo (1975) have defined continuous piecewise estimators of the Lorenz curve and the scaled total time on test transform, which do not respect the continuity of the original curves. Illustrations on simulated and real data are given. The second chapter is intended to provide smooth estimators in the i.i.d. case of the derivatives of the two functionals of the distribution function presented in the last chapter. Apart from the estimation of the first derivative of the function TF with a smooth estimation of the distribution function, the estimation method is the local polynomial approximation of functionals of the distribution function detailed in Berlinet and Thomas-Agnan (2004). Various types of convergence and asymptotic normality are obtained, including the probability density function and its derivatives. Simulations appear and are discussed. The starting point of the third chapter is the Parzen-Rosenblatt estimator (Rosenblatt (1956), Parzen (1964)) of the probability density function. We first improve the bias of this estimator and its derivatives by using higher order kernels (Berlinet (1993)). Then we find the modified conditions for the asymptotic normality of these estimators. Finally, we build a method to remove boundary effects of the estimators of the probability density function and its derivatives, thanks to higher order derivatives. We are interested, in this final chapter, in the hazard rate function which, unlike the two functionals of the distribution function explored in the first chapter, is not a fraction of two linear functionals of the distribution function. In the i.i.d. case, kernel estimators of the hazard rate and its derivatives are produced from the kernel estimators of the probability density function and its derivatives. The asymptotic normality of the first estimators is logically obtained from the second ones. Then, we are placed in the multiplicative intensity model, a more general framework including censored and dependent data. We complete the described method in Ramlau-Hansen (1983) to obtain good asymptotic properties of the estimators of the hazard rate and its derivatives and we try to adopt the local polynomial approximation in this context. The surplus rate in with-profit policies will be nonparametrically estimated as its mathematical expression depends on transition rates (hazard rates from one state to another) in a Markov chain (Ramlau-Hansen (1991), Norberg (1999))
Zanzala, Julien Patou. „L'impact de la qualité des départements universitaires français sur les salaires des diplômés : le cas des maîtrises et DESS de sciences économiques et de gestion“. Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOE010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis research is an analysis of the impact that quantitative and qualitative characteristics of university departments can have on their graduates' wages. It is based on a neoclassic analysis of individual human capital returns. The data covers graduates from economics and management departments with a "maitrise", "dess" and "caae". The econometric results reveal that some of the quantitative and qualitative university departments characteristics have a significant positive effect on graduates' wages
Ben, Hassen Noura. „Le développement de l'employabilité dans les organisations : une aide à la rénovation de gestion des ressources humaines et à l'accroissement de performances économiques et sociales : cas d'entreprises industrielles tunisiennes“. Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651487.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMiegemolle, Bernard. „Prédiction de comportement d'applications parallèles et placement à l'aide de modèles économiques sur une grille de calcul“. Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00420473.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNgassaki, Athanase. „Pour un nouveau modèle de gestion du secteur public marchand au Congo : l'exemple des entreprises d'état“. Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn spite of its inefficiency, the cornerstone of the country's economic policy. More efficiency would be an indispensable source of national wealth. As a matter of fact, to make it a kingpin in a country short of private investors, it is necessary to run it under new criteria. Its efficiency will depend on the one hand upon the value added principles, on the other upon its use in the country, namely the main factors of production. Those factors depend on a new management pattern capable of guaranteeing the global productivity of the firm and the partial production of each of them. Finally, the new management pattern dealt with in this thesis, shows the management criteria and the functional strategies, the targets, the development plans, the setting of a concertation mechanism without throwing spanners into the works, the works, the permanent control of the productice
Delille, Gauthier Marc Aimé. „Contribution du Stockage à la Gestion Avancée des Systèmes Électriques : approches Organisationnelles et Technico-économiques dans les Réseaux de Distribution“. Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586088.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEyada, Ayissi Théophile. „Gestion des opérations de privatisation et performance des entreprises privatisées: cas de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211108.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGubert, Flore. „Migration et gestion collective des risques : l’exemple de la région de Kayes (Mali)“. Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF10219.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCollette, Elodie. „Motivations et incitations dans les politiques de gestion des ressources humaines : le cas des entreprises à but non lucratif, non-profit organizations, aux États-unis“. Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe purpose of this research is to propose a positive analysis of motivations and incentives in npo in the usa. We define motivation as a result of four forces in interaction (individual needs and expectations, collective atmosphere, organization characteristics, and environment constraints). We have also define two incentives' methods, one at given preferences and one which has a direct effect on the manipulation of preferences. While studying wages and compensations in npo, we try to test the accuracy of two hypothesis (wage donation and discrimination). In term of organizational differenciation, npo are specific in their attention to loyalty (as a combination of exit and voice) and the importance of the role of the entrepreneur
Deligne, Chloé. „Bruxelles et le bassin de la Senne: gestion hydraulique et dynamiques urbaines (Moyen Age - 19e siècle)“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211726.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDrot-Delange, Béatrice. „Outils de communication électronique et disciplines scolaires : Quelle(s) rationalité(s) d'usage ? : le cas de trois disciplines scolaires du second degré en France : la technologie au collège, l'économie-gestion et les sciences économiques et sociales au lycée“. Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00381040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSi les acteurs ont saisi les opportunités qu'offraient ces outils pour constituer ce que nous nommerons des " réseaux disciplinaires ", ont-ils pour autant créé des réseaux pédagogiques, tels que les définit J. Perriault (1986) ?
Notre travail a consisté à expliciter d'une part le processus d'émergence de ces réseaux en utilisant le cadre théorique de la sociologie de la traduction, d'autre part les rationalités à l'œuvre dans les usages d'adoption et de participation des enseignants en mobilisant les théories sur les médias coopératifs, empruntant elles-mêmes à la tradition de la sociologie de l'action collective.
Nous avons appliqué cette démarche à trois disciplines : la technologie pour le collège, les sciences économiques et sociales et l'économie-gestion pour le lycée. Concernant l'émergence des réseaux disciplinaires, nous avons analysé les discours des acteurs impliqués dans cette émergence, que ce soit sous forme d'articles, de sites ministériels ou de comptes rendus de réunion. Concernant les usages d'adoption et de participation, nous avons analysé les échanges sur les listes de diffusion pour l'année scolaire 1999-2000, enquêté auprès des abonnés, auprès des enseignants auteurs de sites personnels concernant leur discipline, ainsi qu'auprès des responsables académiques des pages web disciplinaires.
Cette approche nous a permis de caractériser les réseaux disciplinaires et de les situer par rapport aux réseaux pédagogiques.
Rakotoarison, Hanitra. „ANALYSE ET MODÉLISATION DE LA GESTION DU GRAND GIBIER : CAS DE LA RÉGION AQUITAINE“. Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433426.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLesgards, Valérie. „L'analyse coût-bénéfice, outil économique d'aide à la décision en matière d'environnement : application à la gestion des barrages-réservoirs du bassin de la Seine“. Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSince the first article on the cost-benefit analysis (Prest and Turvey, 1965) and its first applications to hydro-projects (Eckstein, 1958 ; Krutilla and Eckstein, 1964), this method has been widely developped in many fields such as the evaluation of the advantages of environmental policy (Johansson, 1987 ; Pearce and Markandya, 1989), or the prevention of technological risk (Hirschleiffer and al. , 1974 ; Moatti, 1989). The study of the possibilities and the limits of this method has been done throught an example : the managment of the dams Seine and Aube. Two alternative managment modes during spring time have been valued. The main purpose of the actual managment during this period is to reduce the flood damage to the crops. The decision wich can improve the ecology is characterized by the alternative mode wich consist in maintaining the natural state of the rivers and the water's level nearly constant in the lakes during spring. The contingent valuation method has been applied to the reservoir Seine (the lake of the foret d'Orient), to determine the social cost due to the current managment and the benefits from alternative mode
Fereres, Yohan. „Stratégies d'arbitrage systématique multi-classes d'actifs et utilisation de données hétérogènes“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987635.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSamizafy, Marius. „Gestion de la dette publique et analyse des notions d'optimalité de soutenabilité et des risques financiers : cas des pays de la Commission de l'Océan Indien“. Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979858.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChambard, Olivia. „La fabrique de l'homo entreprenans. Sociologie d’une politique éducative aux frontières du monde académique et du monde économique“. Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis analyzes the dissemination of training modules on « entrepreneurship » or « entrepreneurial spirit » to the students of the « grandes écoles » and universities in France. Located at the intersection of political science, sociology of education and economic sociology, this research traces the genesis of a public problem, policy-making surrounding it and its translation into a curriculum to produce specific economic behaviors.Based on a field survey combining qualitative methods (interviews, participatory observations, archival research) and quantitative methods (questionnaires), this thesis demonstrates how certain areas of higher education are transformed by the appropriation of this new educational mission, and how the project of entrepreneurship education is in turn transformed by its school and academic formatting. This thesis then highlights that if the various uses of entrepreneurship in higher education have made its acclimatization in this space possible, these uses, however, are never able to radically change the meaning of a project of « education to liberalism » whose semantic framework has crystallized for a long time. Proposing a historical and political sociology of entrepreneurship education, this research intends to renew the knowledge on higher education in two ways : first, it analyzes spaces and actors that are typically/historicallunderstudied ; second, it analyzes two dimensions rarely considered together (university policies and content). This thesis therefore contributes to understanding the social mechanisms of production, circulation and legitimization of economic beliefs and practices characteristic of contemporary capitalism
Leclercq, Françoise. „Relations entre des dynamiques territoriales et la construction de compétences : les territoires ne sont plus ce qu'ils étaient !“ Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00435936.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Government is involved in the revitalisation of areas. In this context, it is important to understand how an area in the midst of industrialisation develops a strategy allowing it to build itself up on the best possible foundations. To analyse a situation, various parameters need to be taken into account, for example the past will influence the planning of the future. Using this hypothesis, three resources whereby those concerned use mechanisms proposed by political entities (Region, State, Europe) intersect. The study of the ship building industry of Saint-Nazaire, focusing on the organisation of networks and devices to help in the restructuring process, has led to us following the pathway of this production system which benefits middle and small companies. But we cannot understand the construction of a manufacturing system locally if we do not subscribe to a more extended policy. Between the local and the global, are other regional scales. Between metallurgy and other business sectors, there are numerous pathways and 'passers by' who learn to work in partnership on joint projects. These projects have meant that those concerned learn to cooperate and work towards a common objective aimed at benefiting the development of an industrial sector in the area in question. Development relies on a shared common project supported by actions taken by influential persons working towards the evolution of the area. The work carried out locally can influence the direction taken by national and European programmes. One must understand to react and understand the industrial evolution of an area so as to perpetuate its development
Hanon, Laurence. „Potentialités de gestion concertée des espaces de végétation naturelle en périphérie du parc national de Zakouma (Tchad)“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210383.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleI. Actuellement, en Afrique sub-saharienne, les acteurs de la conservation considèrent que la
survie à long terme de la faune sauvage ne peut être assurée que par le maintien de son habitat
en dehors des aires de conservation intégrale. Dans cette optique, les projets de conservation
tentent de préserver des étendues de végétation naturelle au sein de « zones tampons » ou de
« corridors de migration » dans la périphérie des aires protégées. Cette thèse s’est intéressée aux possibilités de conserver de tels espaces en concertation avec les populations riveraines du parc national de Zakouma, une aire protégée du Sud-est du Tchad. Notre objectif a été de rechercher des solutions aux problèmes que rencontrent généralement les aménagistes dans cette action. Notre hypothèse est que l’aménagement des périphéries d’aires protégées doit s’appuyer sur une meilleure identification des déterminants locaux de l’exploitation des espaces de végétation naturelle, et que leur analyse doit s’appuyer sur une approche spatiale.
II. Plusieurs étapes de recherches ont permis d’alimenter notre réflexion :
Une première phase de terrain a été tout d’abord été menée à Am Choka, un village représentatif de la zone la plus densément peuplée de la périphérie est du PNZ. Les objectifs visés étaient i.) d’une part, de déterminer les activités humaines affectant le plus le paysage
végétal naturel de la périphérie du parc, et donc susceptibles d’annihiler son rôle de « zone
tampon », et ii) d’autre part, d’identifier les savoir-faire et les facteurs socioéconomiques et
politiques qui régissent l’exploitation des espaces de végétation naturelle. Outre l’observation participante au village, des cartographies fines du terroir et des zones d’exploitation, ainsi que des entretiens semi-structurés ont été réalisés sur le terrain.
La seconde phase de recherche a été consacrée à la réalisation d’un outil cartographique dans
le but (i) d’évaluer l’état de la zone périphérique en terme de répartition et d’occupation relative des diverses formations végétales naturelles par rapport à l’emprise agricole, et ii.) d’en déduire les zones de la périphérie les plus susceptibles de faire l’objet d’un processus de gestion des espaces de végétation naturelle. A cet effet, quatre images satellites récentes ont été acquises. Les opérations de terrain ont donné lieu à 234 relevés sur ligneux et 2440 relevés qualitatifs d’autres types d’occupation du sol. Ces relevés ont été utilisés pour l’interprétation des scènes satellites en unités cartographiques.
La troisième phase de recherche a porté sur une analyse du dispositif d’aménagement récemment proposé pour la zone périphérique du PNZ par le projet gestionnaire du parc. Notre objectif était de mettre en évidence, les modalités réelles de prise en compte de l’organisation locale de l’exploitation ou de la gestion des espaces de végétation naturelle, et de les confronter avec les connaissances acquises lors de la première phase de recherche.
III. La recherche aboutit aux résultats suivants :
Les populations rurales ont une bonne connaissance du milieu physique et utilisent une
typologie qui leur permet de localiser les différentes composantes de leur terroir et de leur
finage, et d’en évaluer le potentiel.
La défriche des espaces de végétation naturelle à des fins agricoles est régie par des instances
coutumières villageoises et cantonale qui exercent un fort pouvoir en matière de gestion du
foncier et de planifications agricoles.
La culture du sorgho repiqué (berbéré - Sorghum bicolor) constitue la principale source de
réduction des espaces de végétation naturelle. Elle modifie le paysage sur de grandes portions
de territoire car sa mise en place nécessite un essartage intégral des savanes à Acacia seyal.
L’accès et l’usage des espaces de végétation naturelle pour la collecte de produits forestiers
ligneux et non-ligneux sont libres et non liés à la propriété foncière. L’exploitation de ces
produits n’entraîne pas de coupe à blanc mais les contraintes d’exploitation conditionne l’étendue spatiale du finage autour d’un village donné. Certaines zones du finage sont cependant l’objet de bornages fonciers en vue de projets agricoles à plus ou moins long terme. Les travaux cartographiques ont abouti à l’appréciation de l’étendue et de répartition des formations végétales naturelles. Le sorgho de décrue occupe un peu moins de 5% de la totalité de la superficie de zone périphérique. Les zones de cultures sont concentrées pour l’essentiel à
l’est et au nord de l’aire protégée. Un dixième de la superficie d’origine des savanes à Acacia
seyal a déjà été exploité à des fins agricoles. Cette carte peut être exploitée pour localiser les
zones d’enjeux entre conservation et développement économique. Cet exercice permet de
reconsidérer la délimitation en zones de protection de la périphérie.
Dans sa formulation, le « plan de gestion » témoigne largement d’une volonté d’associer les
populations riveraines à l’aménagement de la périphérie du parc. Cette collaboration sera
certainement entravée par l’absence de compensation en contrepartie de la limitation du
développement agricole au profit de l’habitat de la faune sauvage. Par contre, elle pourrait
être favorisée si le zonage proposé correspondait aux limites des terroirs et des finages. Un
préliminaire à tout processus de gestion concertée des espaces de végétation naturelle est aussi l’identification des décideurs qui ont autorité sur ces espaces. L’étude débouche sur suggestions permettant aux aménagistes leurs permettant d’atteindre leurs objectifs de conservation de la faune et de son habitat en concertation avec les populations riveraines. Ces recommandations peuvent certainement être adaptées à d’autres contextes d’aménagement des périphéries d’aires protégées.
ABSTRACT
I. Nowadays, in Sub-Saharan Africa, conservation actors believe that the long-term survival
of wild animals can be ensured only through the maintenance of their habitat outside areas of
total conservation. Accordingly, conservation projects seek to preserve areas of natural
vegetation in “buffer zones” or “migration corridors” on the periphery of protected areas.
The present doctoral thesis studies the possibilities of conservating such areas in concertation
with the populations living around Zakouma National Park (ZNP), a protected area in southeast
Chad. Our aim has been to find solutions to the problems generally encountered by forest
managers working towards this goal. Our hypothesis is that the management of surroundings
of protected areas must be grounded on a better identification of the local factors determining
the exploitation of natural vegetation areas, and that any analysis must be based on a spatial
approach.
II. Several steps in the research provided grounds for reflection:
As a first phase, a survey was conducted in Am Choka, a village representative of the most
densely populated zone of the eastern periphery of ZNP. The objectives were (i) to determine
which human activities most affect the natural vegetal landscape of the periphery of the park
and hence are likely to annul its role of “buffer zone”, and (ii) to identify which know-how
and socio-economic or political factors govern the exploitation of natural vegetation areas. In
addition to participatory observation in the village, detailed maps were made of the ‘terroir’
and the ‘finage’ (the total area exploited by a village), and semi-structured interviews were
conducted on the spot.
The second phase of research was dedicated to the creation of a cartographic tool with the
intention of (i) assessing the state of the peripheral zone in terms of where and to what extent
the natural vegetal formations are situated in comparison with the land under cultivation, and
(ii) pinpointing the peripheral zones best suited to a process of management of natural
vegetation areas. To that end, four recent satellite pictures were acquired. Operations on the
ground yielded 234 plottings over wood stands and 2 440 qualitative plottings of other types
of land occupation. These plottings were used to convert the satellite images into cartographic
units.
The third phase of research was concerned with an analysis of the management mechanism
recently proposed for the peripheral zone of ZNP by the park management project. Our aim
was to bring to the fore the actual methods by which the local organisation of exploitation or
management of the natural vegetation areas is taken into account and to compare them with
the knowledge acquired under the first phase of research.
III. The research produced the following results:
The rural populations have a good knowledge of the physical environment and use a typology
which enables them to localise the different components of the terroir and of the finage, and
to assess their potential.
The clearing of areas of natural vegetation for agricultural purposes is governed by traditional
village or canton authorities, which exert a powerful influence over land management and
agricultural planning.
The cultivation of transplanted sorghum (berbéré - Sorghum bicolor) is the main source of
reduction of areas with natural vegetation. It modifies the landscape over large swathes of
territory inasmuch as this cultivation method leads to a total clearing of the Acacia seyal
savannas. Access to and use of areas of natural vegetation for collecting wood and non-wood forest
products are free and not linked to land ownership. Exploiting these products does not lead to clear-cutting of the forest, but the constraints of exploitation influence the spatial extent of the finage around a given village. Some zones of finage are nevertheless subjected to land
boundary markings when agricultural projects are planned in the shorter or longer term.
The cartographic findings led to an assessment of the area covered by, and the distribution of,
natural vegetal formations. Flood-irrigated sorghum occupies just under 5% of the total area
of the periphery. The cultivation zones are mostly concentrated east and north of the protected area. One tenth of the original area of Acacia seyal savannas has already been exploited for agriculture. The map can also be used to identify areas caught between conservation and
economic development. This exercise makes its possible to reconsider the delimitation of the
periphery into protection zones. In its formulation, the “management plan” largely reveals the will to involve local populations
in the management of the periphery of the park. This collaboration will certainly be hampered
by the absence of compensation to offset any limitation of agricultural development to the
benefit of the wild animal habitat. It could, however, be promoted if the proposed zoning were
to correspond to the limits of the terroirs and finages. A preliminary to any process of
concerted management of the areas of natural vegetation would also be to identify the
decision-makers who have authority over these expanses. The present study throws up suggestions as to how forest managers might attain their
objectives for the conservation of fauna and their habitat in concertation with the local
populations. These recommendations can certainly also be extrapolated to other contexts of
management of the peripheries of protected areas.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Stellian, Remi. „Financiarisation, gouvernance actionnariale et crise économique : une approche monétaire, la problèmatique de la viabilité“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00803890.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSafonova, Ekaterina. „Management interculturel : influence de la mentalité russe sur le management des entreprises et des organisations internationales“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057886.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCharolles, Valérie. „Le libéralisme contre le capitalisme Le libéralisme contre le capitalisme Le capitalisme est-il libéral ? Le libéralisme contre le capitalisme II“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://bdr.parisnanterre.fr/theses/intranet/2019/2019PA100018/2019PA100018.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis is mainly based on a book published in 2006, Liberalism against capitalism (Paris, Fayard), which a revised and updated version is also included. The main aim is first to examine the contradictions between liberalism as defined in Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations and current economic practice: work without accounting value, antiliberal capital, capitalist state. It results from this that the widely shared synonymy between "liberalism" and "capitalism" is ideologically, and can be identified with totalitarianism in reference to Hannah Arendt's work, in this case a "soft totalitarianism". A distinction is made in the economic sphere between practices, norms (that shape practices), theories (that are supposed to reflect practices) and wording (which take the form of ideology). This distinction opens a way to think the economy in a radically different perspective, but in different way from John Rawls' Theory of Justice. In line with Ludwig Wittgenstein's analysis of language games, the aim here is to frame a new definition of economic actors and of the nature of their language (accounting language in particular)
Cassely, Ludovic. „Essais sur la performance sociétale des entreprises dans un contexte international : une approche par la diversité des modèles de capitalisme“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL2001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a global performance approach and in the face of the many challenges of the contemporary world, the company must reconcile the imperatives of profitability, sustainability and performance, but also become "virtuous" with respect to the world around it. This commitment implies constraints in terms of organization, respect for the environment, but also in relations with internal and external stakeholders and more generally with respect to society.In this context, the aim of the thesis is to identify, with the support of societal data provided by Vigéo-Eiris (longitudinal basis 2004-2015), the diversity of factors that can explain the dynamics of societal behaviour in the long term in an international context through belonging to a model of capitalism.With the support of a pluralistic theoretical framework, she tries to answer this objective through three research questions that will allow :- To identify the determinants of societal performance over the long term through a multi-level analysis ;- To measure the impact of the 2008 crisis on the level of societal performance of firms by analyzing the level of involvement of firms before, during and after this period ;- To assess the dynamics of long-term improvement in societal performance by comparing the results of the companies with the best societal ratings with those with lower ratings
Schmitt, Boris. „Ressources naturelles et développement dans le monde tropical : les contradictions entre dynamiques écologiques, reproduction sociale et ordre économique international“. Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995156.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRichard, Guillaume. „Enseigner le droit public à Paris sous la Troisième République“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100156/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePublic law has been instrumental in organizing Law Schools in France since the late 19th century. However, the notion remains problematic: based on the example of the Law School of Paris, the purpose of this study is thus to examine its specific impact on legal teaching. The Parisian School of Law, by far the biggest and closest to political institutions, played a leading role in the reforms which led to a generalization of public law in Law Schools during the Third Republic. Its framework provides a good example of how legal scholars have specialized after the separation, in 1896, of the agrégation recruitment competition into different sections, one of them being for public law and one for private law. Far from being simple, these evolutions remain unstable. Public law scholars both wish to distinguish themselves from the dominating civilists, and to maintain the unity of legal science. Public law itself is not a homogeneous field of knowledge. A collection of disciplines (administrative law, international public law, constitutional law, financial legislation) rather than a coherent science, it is characterized by two trends: the first sees public law as a formalized and autonomous body of knowledge, able to comprehend facts through its distinctive logic; on the contrary, the second trend sees it simply as a part of political and economic sciences. Before the supremacy of the first trend imposed itself – rather late – in the first half of the 20th century, public law was considered a social knowledge, used to explain contemporary political events
Charbonneau, Olivier. „Émergence de normes dans les systèmes économiques et sociaux d’oeuvres numériques protégées par droit d’auteur“. Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19977.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoulet, Cédric. „Convergence, divergence ou crossvergence : comparaison des pratiques environnementales entre PME du nord et du sud dans le contexte de l'ALÉNA 1.0“. Thèse, 2020. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9544/1/eprint9544.pdf.
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