Dissertationen zum Thema „Facteur de capacité (FC)“
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Kadkhodaei, Maryam. „Sensitivity of energy systems with large shares of variable renewable energies to climate data uncertainty and climate change“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0122.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDecarbonizing the energy system by increasing the use of variable renewable energy (VRE) sources is essential to reducing the impacts of climate change and keeping global warming below 2°C. Energy system models are used to plan future energy mixes and assess different options. As VRE sources become more dominant, these models become more sensitive to weather conditions. This means it is important to manage uncertainties related to factors like capacity factor (CF) modeling and the effects of climate change.To better understand the effects of uncertainty in CF modeling, this thesis investigates the sensitivity of total system costs and optimal installed capacity of the EOLES energy system model to both uniform and quantile range perturbations of PV and wind CFs. It also compares the sensitivity when optimizing both capacity investments and dispatch, as well as when optimizing only dispatch. Additionally, we compare the sensitivity to CF perturbations with that to capital expenditures (CAPEX). Results indicate that system outputs are more sensitive to wind CF perturbations than to PV. For both PV and wind, more substantial impacts are observed at lower quantile ranges, representing low-generation events. In systems with fixed installed capacity, negative perturbations lead to significantly higher sensitivities than positive ones. Moreover, we find that sensitivity to CFs is comparable to the sensitivity to CAPEX. Our study suggests that greater attention should be given to the accuracy of VRE CF modeling, particularly for low-generation events, and that capacity planning should account for potential negative shocks in VRE CF. We also analyze the effect of climate change on the energy system in France. To this end, the effect of climate change on both energy demand and the CF of VRE (PV and wind) is considered, using a multi-model approach incorporating five different climate models under the RCP8.5 scenario. The analysis uses the EOLES energy system model to simulate a detailed representation of carbon-free France's energy mix. Our findings indicate that with climate change, the total cost of the energy system decreases mainly because of changes in dispatch and not adapting the installed capacities. The optimal installed capacity of the wind and PV also decreases. Notably, the study shows that climate change does not threaten energy supply security, even without adaptation of installed capacities. Additionally, the analysis highlights that to accurately assess the impact of climate change on the energy system and plan for installed capacities, it is crucial to consider its effects on both energy demand and CF of VRE simultaneously
Reyes, Ruiz Alejandra. „Induction of neonatal Fc receptor-mediated tolerance to therapeutic factor VIII in Hemophilia A“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS254.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoagulation factor VIII (FVIII) plays a crucial role in the control of hemorrhages. Deficiencies of the protein lead to the development of a pathology named hemophilia A, in which the patients experience a bleeding tendency. While replacement therapy with FVIII-derived products has an unprecedent efficacy in the clinical management of the disease, the protein is endowed with a poor half-life and superior immunogenicity than other therapeutic proteins. The fusion of FVIII to the Fc fragment of IgG1 was previously exploited to extend its half-life from 12 to 18 hours through the recycling of the molecule by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). The extension is yet inferior to the increase achieved by other Fc-fused products and ties the patients to twice weekly infusions of the molecule. FcRn not only mediate the recycling but also the transplacental delivery of Fc-porter molecules. As fetal development is endowed with a tolerogenic environment and due to the previous demonstration that partial tolerance towards FVIII can be achieved in the offspring of FVIII-KO mice treated with Fc fused A2 and C2 domains of FVIII; the idea of a complete tolerance induction following an in-utero exposure to the whole FVIII was raised. However, the levels of rFVIIIFc crossing the placenta are low and insufficient for a tolerance establishment in the offspring. In this context we aimed to investigate the reasons of FVIII therapeutic liabilities and low transplacental delivery, with the proposal of opening a mutational space to reduce its poor properties.The recycling and transplacental delivery processes imply the binding of the Fc fragment to the FcRn in acidic endosomes and the dissociation of the complex upon exposure to the extracellular physiological pH. By performing real time interaction analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we observed a binding of rFVIIIFc to FcRn at acidic but also neutral pH, which could account for a poor recycling and low delivery to the fetuses. Through molecular modeling and protein engineering, we concluded that the binding was mediated by the C1 and C2 domains of FVIII. We generated a rFVIIIC1C2Fc mutant that displayed a bona fide binding to FcRn at acidic pH yet lower binding at neutral pH. The mutant exhibited a 2.5-fold longer half-life than rFVIIIFc in mice deficient of its chaperone VWF, and 8-fold higher transplacental delivery in FVIII-KO-mice. When performing protein microarrays and protein-protein interaction assays we uncovered the promiscuous binding profile of rFVIIIFc, which could explain at least in part, both, low transplacental delivery and half-life. The promiscuous nature of FVIII was mediated by the C1 and C2 domains and shielded by VWF. Indeed, rFVIIIFc was better endocytosed by endothelial cells than our mutant, which lead to the intracellular degradation of a significant percentage of the protein. In parallel, we engineered two Fc fused molecules containing four or three immunodominant peptides of FVIII protein. The two molecules crossed the placenta efficiently and prevented the development of FVIII specific antibodies in the offspring of injected FVIII-KO mice.In summary, we described the broad protein binding properties of rFVIIIFc. Due to the dynamics of the FVIII-VWF complex, binding promiscuity of the free-rFVIIIFc can account for its short half-life and poor transplacental delivery, yet it can be ameliorated with protein engineering. In particular, rFVIIIFc binds to FcRn at neutral pH, which can impair both recycling and transcytosis. In such scenario, the development of Fc molecules containing immunodominant peptides or domains (A2 and C2) of the poorly transferred protein, offers a solution for the establishment of a partial tolerance early in life through the FcRn-mediated transplacental delivery of the molecules from mothers to their offspring in FVIII-KO mice
Mejdoub, Nacim. „Évaluation du facteur de transfert pulmonaire et de la capacité résiduelle fonctionnelle chez le nourrisson : méthode dynamique“. Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1027.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBenhamou, Marc. „Etude des recepteurs fc des mastocytes derives de la moelle osseuse de souris : modulation du fc::(e)r1 par la dexametasone, et caracterisation du fc::(g)r“. Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRajoelina, Jasmin Armand. „Essai de purification et de caractérisation d'un facteur de croissance de petit poids moléculaire à partir de fractions sanguines humaines (FC-PPM)“. Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10354.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRajoelina, Jasmin-Armand. „Essai de purification et de caractérisation d'un facteur de croissance de petit poids moléculaire à partir de fractions sanguines humaines (FC-PPM)“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376091433.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHamlaoui, Madani. „Capacité portante des fondations superficielles pour géomateriaux avec modèles plastiques non associés“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10146.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn associated plasticity, i.e. with the normality law, Prandtl-Hill analytical solution gives the exact limit load of a punch on a semi-infinite massive of foundation with Mohr-Coulomb model. However, it is experimentally recognized that geomaterial shave a non-associated behavior, what means that in reality the value of the limit load is only an estimation.In this work, it is proposed to fill this lack in addressing the problem of the bearing capacity of a shallow foundation, when the low of plasticity is no-associated. On the basis of numerical simulations and an extension of the limit analysis method to materials with non-associated laws by the bipotential approach, de Saxcé (1992), we proposed an approximated analytical solution by a variational method and we compared to Drescher-Detournay formula (1993) and numerical results
Cardoso, Bueno de Camargo Lívia. „Le rôle des vésicules extracellulaires dans la capacité invasive du cancer du sein : les fonctions de la famille des facteurs de transcription NFAT“. Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC093.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleExtracellular vesicles (EVs) represent an important means of cell communication, through which cells can exchange functional mRNAs, microRNAs and proteins, amongst other molecules. During the past few years, the understanding of their role in cancer onset and progression has been largely developed. In this work, we approach the role of EVs in changing the invasive profiles of breast cancer cell lines. We were specifically interested in studying whether the opposite effects of the members NFAT1/NFAT5 and NFAT3 (members of the Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells family of transcription factors) in breast cancer cell motility could be linked to EV function in modulating cell invasiveness. While NFAT1 and NFAT5 are expressed by more invasive breast cancer cell lines that do not express the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha -), NFAT3 is expressed by cell lines with less aggressive profile, that are ER alpha +. To study the possible transfer of these opposite effects of NFAT factors through EVs, highly invasive (MDA-MB 231) and poorly-invasive (T47D) breast cancer cell lines were treated with each other's EVs. We have observed that an increase of invasion is induced through EVs secreted by MDA-MB 231. EVs secreted by T47D, on the other hand reduce invasiveness. Moreover, NFAT3 expression in T47D is an essentiel aspect in this second type of response, since when its expression is inhibited in these cells their EVs no longer have the power to reduce MDA-MB 231 invasiveness. We also show that EVs originated from T47D induce the active transcription of TGFbetal ir the recipient MDA-MB 231 to blunt cell nnotility. These results were extended in vivo, where we have demonstrated that T47D EVs are able to reduce primary tumour size and decrease metastasis formation in nude mice injected with human MDA-MB 231 D3H2LN cells in the mammary fat pad. Similarly to our in vitro results, NFAT3 expression in the EV producing cells was shown to be key for their EVs to present these effects. Furthermore, we could also observe TGFbetal sera levels increased in the mice where the treatment was effective, making this molecule a potentiel candidate for following treatment efficiency. Our findings suggest that EVs could represent a possible means of inhibiting the invasion of aggressive cancer cells, and therefore may be an attractive option to decrease tumor progression and metastasis in patients
Callier, Jacqueline. „La décomposition acido-basique comme facteur limitant de l'exercice musculaire : effets d'une alcalinisation exogène sur la capacité d'endurance a puissance sub-maximale et maximale du sujet sportif“. Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05S018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLaurent, Laetitia. „Réponse macrophagique inflammatoire aux complexes immuns formés par les auto-anticorps anti-protéines citrullinées, spécifiques de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde : Influence du facteur rhumatoïde“. Toulouse 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU30194.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleImmune complexes (IC) containing autoantibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPA) and their major synovial target, citrullinated fibrin, are thought to play a prominent role in the self-maintaining of the synovitis that occurs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To support this hypothesis, we developed an in vitro model in which ACPA-containing IC are formed following the immunocapture of ACPA from RA patients by immobilized citrullinated human fibrinogen (FibC/ACPA IC) and used to stimulate monocytes-derived macrophages from healthy donors. These IC induce a production of TNF-a, more important in macrophages than in monocytes, and in which a major contribution of the activating receptor FcGammaRIIa has been established. We then compared the sensitivity of monocytes and macrophages to FibC/ACPA IC between RA patient and healthy controls. Despite variations in the proportion of FcGammaR-expressing cells in RA patients, no peculiar sensitivity of these cells to FibC/ACPA IC was observed. IgM RF is another very frequent RA-associated autoantibody recognizing IgG. Using 3 different human IgM RF, we observed that inclusion of IgM RF into FibC/ACPA IC induces a strong enhancement of the macrophage secretion of TNF-a, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1ß and IL-6 while IL-10 and IL-1Ra secretions remain moderated. Our results confirm the pro-inflammatory potential of ACPA and clarify the role of RF. Indeed, it appears as a major intensifier of the inflammatory reaction induced by RA-specific autoantibodies
Zhu, Chaobin. „Rôle du facteur de croissance IGF-1 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1) sur la progression tumorale invasive et métastatique du mélanome : approches anti-tumorales basées sur l'inhibition du facteur IGF-1“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMetastatic melanoma is the least common (5-7 %), but is responsible for most skin cancer deaths by its strong resistance to conventional anti-cancer treatments. Although immunogen, no effective treatment currently exists against this aggressive form, making urgent to find new therapeutic targets. In this context, we assessed whether the Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) could represent a target of therapeutic interest in melanoma inhibiting the expression of IGF-1 by means of an episome-based vector encoding antisense IGF-1, in two cellular models: primary melanoma cells B16-F0 and metastatic B16-F10 (designated B16-F0mod and B16-F10mod when IGF-1 expression is inhibited).In experimental models in vivo, our results show that the reduction of IGF-1 expression induced a decrease of the melanoma cells tumorigenicity, generating smaller tumors under the skin (B16-F0 and B16-F10 in the C57BL/6 mice) and inhibiting totally (C57BL/6) or strongly (NSG mice) the developpment of B16-F10 lung metastases. We sought to understand whether this loss of tumorigenicity, following IGF-1 inhibition, was due to a change of immunogenicity/antigenicity of tumor cells and/or to intrinsic tumorigenic potential modification of metastatic tumor cells.1 / Immunization of mice C57BL/6 mice with B16-F0mod cells induces the formation of humoral lytic effectors in the presence of complement against the parental line, but also CD8+ effector cells capable of inducing tumor cells lysis in vitro and inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. Although the analysis of humoral and cellular pathways did not demonstrate IGF-1- dependent mechanisms involved in B16-F10 cells, immunization of C57BL/6 mice with B16 cells F0mod leads to skin tumor growth inhibition and a reduction in pulmonary metastases number, confirming the involvement of IGF-1 factor in tumor escape mechanisms of the immune system.2 / Our results also show that IGF-1 plays a direct role in the intrinsic tumorigenic potential of tumor cells. In addition to its effect on tumor cells proliferation, IGF-1 is involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (increased N-cadherin, vimentin, CD44 and CD29 markers), promoting the maintenance of tumor populations with stemness properties (Sox2, Oct3/4, CD44, CD24, ALDH activity side-population and ability to form spheroids). By this mechanism, IGF-1 promotes both migration properties and drugs efflux such as mitoxantrone, via ABC transporters, which partly explains the strong resistance of melanoma to conventional therapies.This work shows that the inhibition of IGF1/IGF1-R pathway might be a good strategy for the development of anti-tumor treatments against melanoma. In addition to developing immunotherapy strategies, blocking the IGF-1 pathway would also sensitize melanoma cells to conventional therapy and decrease the metastatic potential of tumor cells
Lardon, Arnaud. „Les facteurs prédictifs de douleur rachidienne commune chez les enfants et les adolescents“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA113007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSpinal pain is a major health problem with socio-economic impacts. Back pain starts early, during childhood, the prevalence increases with age, particularly during puberty, to reach a similar level to that found at adulthood, around the age of 20. Despite the high prevalence of this condition, predictors for the first episode or for a recurrent episode are not known. The aim of this thesis is to explore different potential predictors of back pain during childhood and adolescence. A first literature review showed an association between puberty and back pain. The causality criteria described by Bradford- Hill, e.g. strength of the association, consistency across studies and dose -response are also present. Unfortunately,, it is not yet possible to conclude whether there is a temporal aspect as well; for temporality being the most important criterion. The second literature review showed a positive association between muscular endurance in extension and back pain, whereas no association was found between muscle strength in trunk extension and spinal pain. The available literature does not allow us to conclude about the potential association between aerobic capacity and back pain. The third study is a prospective study, in which children were followed during ten months. This study did not reveal any association between aerobic capacity, body composition and back pain. In conclusion, two factors are associated with back pain, puberty and low muscle endurance. Future research in this area should focus on the causal relationship between these factors and back pain
Six, Vincent. „Analyse du comportement des colonnes ballastées : influence des conditions initiales“. Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Six.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePaillot, Thomas. „Etude de composants MEMS RF pour les circuits hyperfréquences et millimètriques“. Limoges, 2005. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/4476a58f-9a3c-467d-93cf-45881d3a1e6a/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0040.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work presents MEMS component applications for radio frequency and millimeter wave circuits. These components have been used for the realization of switch functions and also integrated to "classic" RF circuits, resonators and filters, in order to obtain frequency tunable circuits. Several circuits have been presented, low loss capacitive switches in Ka band, capacitive switches for high power applications and finally tunable resonators and filters. A particular study has been made so as to demonstrate microstrip tunable circuits. The measurements obtained on a two pole tunable filter using four MEMS variable capacitors show the potential of micro electromechanical components to realize high quality factor circuits
Beutier, Héloïse. „Plaquettes et neutrophiles : acteurs clés dans le choc allergique dépendant des IgG“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066519/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnaphylaxis is a systemic hyperacute allergic reaction that occurs within minutes and can be fatal. The aim of my PhD project is to investigate the physiopathological mechanisms underlying anaphylaxis induction. The first part of my work focused on the contribution of FcγRs, effector cells and mediators in passive murine models of systemic anaphylaxis induced by the different subclasses of mouse specific IgG ; directed against the same antigen: IgG1, IgG2a or IgG2b. This study demonstrated that FcγRIII, neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages are the key players of anaphylaxis induction whatever the mouse IgG subclasses used. On the contrary, basophil participation and the relative contribution of histamine and PAF are IgG subclass dependent. The second part of this work examined the role of platelets in anaphylaxis using a humanized mouse model. Opposing the murine situation, human platelets express an IgG receptor, FcγRIIA. This receptor has already been identified as a key player in anaphylaxis. Using aggregated human IgG to induce anaphylaxis in mice transgenic for FcγRIIA, we tested our hypothesis that platelets contribute to the initiation and/or the propagation of this reaction. Anaphylaxis in this model was accompanied by a severe thrombocytopenia, the presence of circulating platelet-leukocyte complexes and activated platelets. I further demonstrated that the transfer of platelets or their activated supernatent into resistant mice restored features of anaphylactic shock
Vincent, Hugues. „Développement d'un modèle de calcul de la capacité ultime d'éléments de structure (3D) en béton armé, basé sur la théorie du calcul à la rupture“. Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1038/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTo evaluate the load bearing capacity of structures, civil engineers often make use of empirical methods, which are often manuals, instead of nonlinear finite element methods available in existing civil engineering softwares, which are long to process and difficult to handle. Yield design (or limit analysis) approach, formalized by J. Salençon, is a rigorous method to evaluate the capacity of structures and can be used to answer the question of structural failure. It was, yet, not possible to take advantage of these theoretical methods due to the lack of efficient numerical methods. Recent progress in this field and notably in interior point algorithms allows one to rethink this opportunity. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to develop a numerical model, based on the yield design approach, to evaluate the ultimate capacity of massive (3D) reinforced concrete structural elements. Both static and kinematic approaches are implemented and expressed as an optimization problem that can be solved by a mathematical optimization solver in the framework of Semi-Definite Programming (SDP).A large part of this work is on modelling the resistance of the different components of the reinforced concrete composite material. The modelling assumptions taken to model the resistance of concrete are discussed. And the method used to model reinforcement is also questioned. The homogenization method is used to model periodic reinforcement and an adaptation of this technique is developed for isolated rebars. To conclude this work, a last part is dedicated to illustrate the power and potentialities of the numerical tool developed during this PhD thesis through various examples of massive structures
Binti, Abd Jamil Roshamida. „Optimization of the capacity factor of energy ships for far-offshore wind energy conversion using weather-routing“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe energy ship is a relatively new concept for offshore wind energy harvesting. It consists of a windpropelled ship that generates electricity using water turbines attached underneath its hull. Since the energy ship is not grid-connected, the generated energy is stored aboard (for instance, using batteries or through conversion to hydrogen using an electrolyzer). A key advantage of the energy ship is that it is mobile. Therefore, its trajectory can be optimized using weatherrouting in order to maximize energy production, which is the focus of this thesis. The analysis in the thesis is based on numerical simulations. The weather-routing software is a modified version of QtVlm in which the optimization objective has been replaced by the maximization of the energy production. The energy ship is modelled in the software by a velocity polar and a power production polar. The wind data is based on the ECMWF ERA-5 wind dataset. The energy ship concept is particularly well-suited for the harvesting of the wind energy conversion in the faroffshore. Therefore, the capacity factor of energy ships deployed in the North-Atlantic Ocean is investigated first. Results show that a capacity factor of 70% can be (annual average). It is similar to that of floating offshore wind farms which would be deployed in the same area. Energy ships may also be used for the power supply of islands and coastal communities. Therefore, the capacity factor of energy ships deployed nearshore is also investigated. Two case studies are considered: the island of “Ile de Sein” and the “Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon” archipelagos. Results show that the capacity factor is in the order of 50%. In this case, it would be 10 to 20% smaller than that of offshore wind farms. The weather-routing optimization depends on physical (e.g. storage capacity, rated power) and numerical parameters. Sensitivity analyses are performed in order to understand their effect on energy production. Results show that the optimization algorithm in QtVlm tends to converge to local maxima. Therefore, future work should be directed towards the development of better optimization methods
Enette, Lievyn. „Faisabilité et comparaison d'un entrainement aérobie de type continu ou intermittent sur les capacités physiologiques, cognitives et la qualité de vie, chez des personnes âgées présentant un trouble neurocognitif majeur associé à la maladie d'Alzheimer“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ054.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAerobic training (AT) shows health benefits for older with Alzheimer disease, but the physiological mechanisms that explain these remain to be analyzed. The objectives of this work were to study the feasibility of continuous aerobic training (CAT) or interval aerobic training (IAT) over 9 weeks and to compare their effect on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plasma level, aerobic fitness, cognitive capacities and quality of life (QoL) in older with AD. No significant changes in terms of BDNF plasma level and cognitive performance was measured but a significantly improvement of endurance parameters was found. QoL was improved after CAT. This work shown that CAT and IAT are both feasible and equally effective to improve aerobic fitness. CAT had a positive impact on QoL, but both aerobic training failed to induce significant BDNF responses and improve cognitive performances
Shi, Ming. „Simulation monte carlo de MOSFET à base de materiaux III-V pour une électronique haute fréquence ultra basse consommation“. Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00666876.
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