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HUANG, YAN-NONG, VERONICA DAHL und JIAWEI HAN. „FACT UPDATES IN LOGIC DATABASES“. International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 05, Nr. 03 (September 1995): 467–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021819409500023x.
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A logic database has two components. One comprises the base knowledge, represented explicitly, called the extensional base. The other stores more general knowledge in the form of derivation rules, and is called the intensional base. One may calculate derived facts in advance and store (or materialize) them. Thus, the response time can be expected to speed up. In this paper, we study a new evaluation technique for incrementally maintaining derived facts whenever updates occur on base facts. Our method is based on the seminaive evaluation so it is easy to implement; it is set-oriented, multiple updates may be dealt within a single manipulation; and insertion and deletion are treated uniformly. The method is evaluated analytically as well as experimentally. We indicate the potential application of our incremental method to a computational linguistic problem, i.e., parsing incomplete sentences. Related work in both areas of logic databases and computational linguistics are discussed.
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Lee, Dik Lun, Manli Zhu und Haibo Hu. „When Location-Based Services Meet Databases“. Mobile Information Systems 1, Nr. 2 (2005): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/941816.
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As location-based services (LBSs) grow to support a larger and larger user community and to provide more and more intelligent services, they must face a few fundamental challenges, including the ability to not only accept coordinates as location data but also manipulate high-level semantics of the physical environment. They must also handle a large amount of location updates and client requests and be able to scale up as their coverage increases. This paper describes some of our research in location modeling and updates and techniques for enhancing system performance by caching and batch processing. It can be observed that the challenges facing LBSs share a lot of similarity with traditional database research (i.e., data modeling, indexing, caching, and query optimization) but the fact that LBSs are built into the physical space and the opportunity to exploit spatial locality in system design shed new light on LBS research.
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Nguyen, Thang Trung, Dieu Ngoc Vo, Hai Van Tran und Le Van Dai. „Optimal Dispatch of Reactive Power Using Modified Stochastic Fractal Search Algorithm“. Complexity 2019 (28.05.2019): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4670820.
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This paper applies a proposed modified stochastic fractal search algorithm (MSFS) for dealing with all constraints of optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) and finding optimal solutions for three different cases including power loss optimization, voltage deviation optimization, and L-index optimization. The proposed MSFS method is newly constructed in the paper by modifying three new solution update mechanisms on standard stochastic fractal search algorithm (SSFS). The first modification is to keep only one formula and abandon one formula in the diffusion process while the second modification and the third modification are used in the first update and the second update. In two updates of SSFS, solutions with low quality are updated with high probability while other solutions with high quality do not get chances to be updated. This manner results in the fact that some promising solutions around the high quality solutions can be missed. In order to tackle this restriction, the second modification of MSFS is to newly update the worst solutions in the first update and the best solutions in the second update. In the third modification, all existing formulas of SSFS in the two updates are abandoned and the same new proposed technique is used for updating such solutions in two updates. Compared to SSFS, the three modifications can bring advantages to MSFS such as using smaller number of produced solutions per iteration, spending shorter execution time, finding better optimal solutions, and owning more stable search ability. Furthermore, the proposed method also sees its effectiveness and robustness over SSFS by testing on IEEE 30-bus system and IEEE 118-bus system with three different single objectives for each system. The proposed method can find less minimum, average, and maximum for all the cases in addition to faster search speed. Besides, the proposed method is also compared to other methods such as PSO-based method group, GA-based method group, DE-based method group, and other recent methods. Result comparisons also indicate that the proposed method can be more efficient than almost all these methods with respect to less minimum and smaller values of control parameters. As a result, evaluation of the performance of the proposed method is that it should be used for seeking solutions of ORPD problem.
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Gogic, G., C. H. Papadimitriou und M. Sideri. „Incremental Recompilation of Knowledge“. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 8 (01.01.1998): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.380.
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Approximating a general formula from above and below by Horn formulas (its Horn envelope and Horn core, respectively) was proposed by Selman and Kautz (1991, 1996) as a form of ``knowledge compilation,'' supporting rapid approximate reasoning; on the negative side, this scheme is static in that it supports no updates, and has certain complexity drawbacks pointed out by Kavvadias, Papadimitriou and Sideri (1993). On the other hand, the many frameworks and schemes proposed in the literature for theory update and revision are plagued by serious complexity-theoretic impediments, even in the Horn case, as was pointed out by Eiter and Gottlob (1992), and is further demonstrated in the present paper. More fundamentally, these schemes are not inductive, in that they may lose in a single update any positive properties of the represented sets of formulas (small size, Horn structure, etc.). In this paper we propose a new scheme, incremental recompilation, which combines Horn approximation and model-based updates; this scheme is inductive and very efficient, free of the problems facing its constituents. A set of formulas is represented by an upper and lower Horn approximation. To update, we replace the upper Horn formula by the Horn envelope of its minimum-change update, and similarly the lower one by the Horn core of its update; the key fact which enables this scheme is that Horn envelopes and cores are easy to compute when the underlying formula is the result of a minimum-change update of a Horn formula by a clause. We conjecture that efficient algorithms are possible for more complex updates.
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Schrader, Wayne L., Ronald E. Voss und Kent J. Bradford. „World Wide Web Access to Multimedia Resources“. HortScience 31, Nr. 4 (August 1996): 588d—588. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.588d.
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Agricultural producers in the United States require timely and accurate information on critical issues, environmental crises, and best management practices to make effective production decisions and to remain competitive in a global economy. Sources of information (university departments, extension, industry, consultants, scientific and trade publications) often take a single discipline approach that makes it difficult for growers to process and utilize information effectively. The high cost of printed publications make frequent updates impractical, while rapidly changing technologies and issues demand continual publication changes and updates. The rapid development and peer review of multi-discipline, research based information is possible through computer information transfer technology. The Univ. of California's Vegetable Crops Research and Information Center (VRIC) has developed a new World Wide Web site to disseminate peer-reviewed fact sheets, research results, updated publications, and multi-media educational resources relating to critical issues, best management practices, postharvest handling, and marketing of vegetable crops. The website disseminates multi-discipline information originating from the Univ. of California, the USDA, and cooperating agencies and universities. The VRIC website proactively sends peer-reviewed critical issue fact sheets to selected news media, government, industry, and academic contacts. These fact sheets help personnel frequently contacted by the media during crises to answer questions effectively. The website directs visitors to additional agricultural information resources and contains information on careers and educational opportunities available in the field of vegetable crops.
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Yuan, Peiyan, Xiaoxiao Pang, Ping Liu und En Zhang. „FollowMe: One Social Importance-Based Collaborative Scheme in MONs“. Future Internet 11, Nr. 4 (17.04.2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11040098.
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The performance of mobile opportunistic networks mainly relies on collaboration among nodes. Thus far, researchers have ignored the influence of node sociality on the incentive process, leading to poor network performance. Considering the fact that followers always imitate the behavior of superstars, this paper proposes FollowMe, which integrates the social importance of nodes with evolutionary game theory to improve the collaborative behavior of nodes. First, we use the prisoner’s dilemma model to establish the matrix of game gains between nodes. Second, we introduce the signal reference as a game rule between nodes. The number of nodes choosing different strategies in a game round is used to calculate the cumulative income of the node in combination with the probability formula. Finally, the Fermi function is used to determine whether the node updates the strategy. The simulation results show that, compared with the random update rule, the proposed strategy is more capable of promoting cooperative behavior between nodes to improve the delivery rate of data packets.
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DeLaurentis, Poching, Todd A. Walroth, Andrew C. Fritschle, Denny Yu, Jee Eun Hong, Yuehwern Yih und James Fuller. „Stakeholder perceptions of smart infusion pumps and drug library updates: A multisite, interdisciplinary study“. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 76, Nr. 17 (20.07.2019): 1281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz135.
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Abstract Purpose Results of a questionnaire-based study to evaluate smart infusion pump end users’ perceptions and understanding of the drug library update process are reported. Methods The Indianapolis Coalition for Patient Safety, Inc., in partnership with the Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, conducted a 33-item electronic, cross-sectional survey across 5 Indiana health systems from May through November 2017. Interdisciplinary participants identified for survey distribution included nurses, pharmacists, biomedical engineers, administrators, and medication safety officers. The survey assessed the following domains: patient safety, the drug library update process, knowledge of drug libraries and the update process, and end-user perceptions. Results A total of 778 submitted surveys were included in the data analysis, with a large majority of responses (90.2%) provided by nurses. The use of drug libraries for ensuring patient safety was deemed extremely important or important by 88% of respondents, but 36% indicated that they were unsure of whether drug libraries are updated on a routine basis in their health system. Approximately two-thirds agreed that the current update process improves quality of care (65.0%) and patient safety (68.1%). Moreover, 53.3% agreed that the current drug library update process was effective. However, less than 10% responded correctly when asked about the steps required to update the drug library. Furthermore, only 18% correctly indicated that when a pump is on it may not necessarily contain the most up-to-date version of the drug library. Conclusion A survey of 5 health systems in Indianapolis identified several end-user knowledge gaps related to smart pump drug library updates. The results suggest that these gaps were most likely due to a combination of the 2-step update process and the fact that the current drug library version is not easy to find and/or user-friendly and it is unclear when an update is pending.
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Hoffman, Christopher W. „Revising the Conceptual Framework of the International Standards: IASB Proposals Met with Support and Skepticism“. World Journal of Business and Management 2, Nr. 1 (28.03.2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/wjbm.v2i1.8868.
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This article analyzes the current financial reporting issue regarding the updates proposed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. Since accounting standard-setters have embraced the notion of concepts as a guide and foundation to developing accounting standards, the IASB has concluded that there should be more importance place on developing a solid framework. Based on current literature and the fact that the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the U.S. has a solid framework in place, the IASB has designed proposed updates to their framework and requested comments from the general public regarding those updates. This article evaluates the comments made by 72 respondents and tabulates the responses based on agree, disagree, or no comment. These results concluded that 66% of the responses were positive toward the updates, but 29% were negative. The disagreement was focused around four main topics: (1) prudence; (2) statement of profit or loss; (3) statement of other comprehensive income; and (4) rebuttable presumption for recycling. The IASB hopes to assimilate, deliberate, and disseminate the suggestions, comments, and the updates in 2016.
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SWIFT, TERRANCE. „Incremental Tabling in Support of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning“. Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 14, Nr. 4-5 (Juli 2014): 553–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068414000209.
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AbstractResolution-based Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR) systems, such as Flora-2, Silk or Ergo, can scale to tens or hundreds of millions of facts, while supporting reasoning that includes Hilog, inheritance, defeasibility theories, and equality theories. These systems handle the termination and complexity issues that arise from the use of these features by a heavy use of tabled resolution. In fact, such systems table by default all rules defined by users, unless they are simple facts.Performing dynamic updates within such systems is nearly impossible unless the tables themselves can be made to react to changes. Incremental tabling as first implemented in XSB (Saha 2006) partially addressed this problem, but the implementation was limited in scope and not always easy to use. In this paper, we introducetransparent incremental tablingwhich at the semantic level supports updates in the 3-valued well-founded semantics, while guaranteeing full consistency of all tabled queries. Transparent incremental tabling also has significant performance improvements over previous implementations, including lazy recomputation, and control over the dependency structures used to determine how tables are updated.
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Angriman, Eugenio, Michał Boroń und Henning Meyerhenke. „A Batch-dynamic Suitor Algorithm for Approximating Maximum Weighted Matching“. ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics 27 (31.12.2022): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3529228.
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Matching is a popular combinatorial optimization problem with numerous applications in both commercial and scientific fields. Computing optimal matchings w.r.t. cardinality or weight can be done in polynomial time; still, this task can become infeasible for very large networks. Thus, several approximation algorithms that trade solution quality for a faster running time have been proposed. For networks that change over time, fully dynamic algorithms that efficiently maintain an approximation of the optimal matching after a graph update have been introduced as well. However, no semi- or fully dynamic algorithm for (approximate) maximum weighted matching has been implemented. In this article, we focus on the problem of maintaining a \( 1/2 \) -approximation of a maximum weighted matching (MWM) in fully dynamic graphs. Limitations of existing algorithms for this problem are (i) high constant factors in their time complexity, (ii) the fact that none of them supports batch updates, and (iii) the lack of a practical implementation, meaning that their actual performance on real-world graphs has not been investigated. We propose and implement a new batch-dynamic \( 1/2 \) -approximation algorithm for MWM based on the Suitor algorithm and its local edge domination strategy [Manne and Halappanavar, IPDPS 2014]. We provide a detailed analysis of our algorithm and prove its approximation guarantee. Despite having a worst-case running time of \( \mathcal {O}(n + m) \) for a single graph update, our extensive experimental evaluation shows that our algorithm is much faster in practice. For example, compared to a static recomputation with sequential Suitor , single-edge updates are handled up to \( 10^5\times \) to \( 10^6\times \) faster, while batches of \( 10^4 \) edge updates are handled up to \( 10^2\times \) to \( 10^3\times \) faster.
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Sapozhkova, Zh Yu, und K. I. Eremin. „UPDATES IN PROTOCOL FOR HUMAN SEMEN EXAMINATION“. Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 65, Nr. 2 (15.02.2020): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-2-106-110.
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Currently, the WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen (5th edition, 2010) provides updated, standardized, evidence-based procedures and recommendations for laboratory managers, scientists and technicians to follow in examining human semen in a clinical or research setting. Despite the fact, there are several gaps and limitations in the interpretation of this compendium. Mostly, the WHO-protocol of estimation of peroxidase-positive cells and spermatozoa, as well as evaluation of their viability and morphology are not so affordable and applicable in Russia due to peculiarities of laboratory market. Furthermore, most of Russian manuscripts do not reflect a unified approach to the analytical stage of semen analyses. In order to standardize the protocol for human semen examination which adopted to Russian lab it was developed packing of reagents (GEMSTANDART-SEMEN ANALYSES, LLC ‘GEMSTANDART’, Saint Petersburg, Russia) allowing to obtain an accuracy and completeness of the examination. In summary, this approach is a necessary step in male fertility evaluation. Together with a clinical information, it is indispensable for planning the appropriate clinical management and tacking care in male health.
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Ayres, Nicholas, Lipika Deka und Daniel Paluszczyszyn. „Continuous Automotive Software Updates through Container Image Layers“. Electronics 10, Nr. 6 (20.03.2021): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060739.
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The vehicle-embedded system also known as the electronic control unit (ECU) has transformed the humble motorcar, making it more efficient, environmentally friendly, and safer, but has led to a system which is highly dependent on software. As new technologies and features are included with each new vehicle model, the increased reliance on software will no doubt continue. It is an undeniable fact that all software contains bugs, errors, and potential vulnerabilities, which when discovered must be addressed in a timely manner, primarily through patching and updates, to preserve vehicle and occupant safety and integrity. However, current automotive software updating practices are ad hoc at best and often follow the same inefficient fix mechanisms associated with a physical component failure of return or recall. Increasing vehicle connectivity heralds the potential for over the air (OtA) software updates, but rigid ECU hardware design does not often facilitate or enable OtA updating. To address the associated issues regarding automotive ECU-based software updates, a new approach in how automotive software is deployed to the ECU is required. This paper presents how lightweight virtualisation technologies known as containers can promote efficient automotive ECU software updates. ECU functional software can be deployed to a container built from an associated image. Container images promote efficiency in download size and times through layer sharing, similar to ECU difference or delta flashing. Through containers, connectivity and OtA future software updates can be completed without inconveniences to the consumer or incurring expense to the manufacturer.
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Chelbi, Slaheddine, Majed Abdouli, Mourad Kaddes, Claude Duvallet und Rafik Bouaziz. „An Unequal Cluster-based Routing Protocol Based on Data Controlling for Wireless Sensor Network“. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, Nr. 5 (01.10.2016): 2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i5.10713.
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<p>Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) differ from traditional wireless communication networks in several characteristics. One of these characteristics is power awarness, due to the fact that the batteries of sensor nodes have a restricted lifetime and are difficult to be replaced. Therefore, all protocols must be designed to minimize energy consumption and preserve the longevity of the network. In this paper, we propose (i) to fairly balance the load among nodes. For this, we generate an unequal clusters size where the cluster heads (CH) election is based on energy availability, (ii) to reduce the energy consumption due to the transmission by using multiple metrics in the CH jointure process and taking into account the link cost, residual energy and number of cluster members to construct the routing tree and (iii) to minimize the number of transmissions by avoiding the unnecessary updates using sensitive data controller. Simulation results show that our Advanced Energy-Efficient Unequal Clustering (AEEUC) mechanism improves the fairness energy consumption among all sensor nodes and achieves an obvious improvement on the network lifetime.</p>
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Chelbi, Slaheddine, Majed Abdouli, Mourad Kaddes, Claude Duvallet und Rafik Bouaziz. „An Unequal Cluster-based Routing Protocol Based on Data Controlling for Wireless Sensor Network“. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, Nr. 5 (01.10.2016): 2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i5.pp2403-2414.
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<p>Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) differ from traditional wireless communication networks in several characteristics. One of these characteristics is power awarness, due to the fact that the batteries of sensor nodes have a restricted lifetime and are difficult to be replaced. Therefore, all protocols must be designed to minimize energy consumption and preserve the longevity of the network. In this paper, we propose (i) to fairly balance the load among nodes. For this, we generate an unequal clusters size where the cluster heads (CH) election is based on energy availability, (ii) to reduce the energy consumption due to the transmission by using multiple metrics in the CH jointure process and taking into account the link cost, residual energy and number of cluster members to construct the routing tree and (iii) to minimize the number of transmissions by avoiding the unnecessary updates using sensitive data controller. Simulation results show that our Advanced Energy-Efficient Unequal Clustering (AEEUC) mechanism improves the fairness energy consumption among all sensor nodes and achieves an obvious improvement on the network lifetime.</p>
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Bouanaka, Mohamed Ali, Kamal Hamaz, Assia Tebib und Mohamed Sandeli. „Self-Healing in Web Service-Based Systems Using QoS“. International Journal of Technology Diffusion 13, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtd.306649.
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Availability of components in online systems cannot be guaranteed due to the unstable nature of the web (updates, changes, etc.). A well-designed system must take this fact into account in order to ensure the availability of services which is a very difficult challenge due to the confidentiality and autonomy of each service component. An interesting solution for this is to tolerate these problems at the composite level by having a mechanism of recovery, called Self-healing. In this work, we proposed a solution that consists of implementing a formal approach, making it possible to model a business process (web service composition) by timed automata of the type daTA, while ensuring the quality of service taking into account the functional and non-functional needs of the system (in this case, the QoS represents the response time). The main objective of this project is to create a system that allows you to compare two web service compositions in pairs, to decide whether they are equivalent or not to ensure a perfect self-healing working system by the end.
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Chen, Xin, You Peng, Sibo Wang und Jeffrey Xu Yu. „DLCR“. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 15, Nr. 8 (April 2022): 1645–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3529337.3529348.
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Many real-world graphs, e.g., social networks, biological networks, knowledge graphs, naturally come with edge-labels, with different labels representing different relationships between nodes. On such edge-labeled graphs, an important query is the label-constrained reachability (LCR) query, where we are given a source s , a target t , a label set ψ, and the goal is to check if there exists any path P from s to t such that labels of edges on P all belong to ψ. Existing indexing schemes for LCR queries still focus on static graphs, despite the fact that many edge-labeled graphs are dynamic in nature. Motivated by the limitations of existing solutions, we present a study on how to effectively maintain the indexing scheme on dynamic graphs. Our proposed approach is based on the state-of-the-art 2-hop index for LCR queries. In this paper, we present efficient algorithms for updating the index structure in response to dynamic edge insertions/deletions and demonstrate the correctness of our update algorithms. Following that, we present that adopting a query-friendly but update-unfriendly indexing scheme results in surprisingly superb query/update efficiency and outperforms those update-friendly ones. We analyze and demonstrate that the query-friendly indexing scheme actually achieves the same time complexity as those of update-friendly ones. Finally, we present the batched update algorithms where the updates may include multiple edge insertions/deletions. Extensive experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed update algorithms, query-friendly indexing scheme, and batched update algorithms.
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Sivakumar, Gayathri, Alexandra Budure und Elise Quint. „Updates on chronic non-cancer pain management in face of the opioid crisis“. University of Western Ontario Medical Journal 87, Nr. 1 (24.04.2018): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/uwomj.v87i1.1928.
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Chronic pain not associated with malignancy is experienced by a significant proportion of the Canadian population. As the quality of life and physical functioning are markedly impaired in patients with chronic non-cancer pain, clinicians have commonly turned to opioid therapy for pain management. Since the 1990s, the steady increase in dispensing of prescription opioids has paralleled trends in opioid-related hospitalizations, overdoses, and fatalities. In fact, over-prescription and longterm opioid therapy are among the many root causes fueling Canada’s rise in opioid addiction and opioid-related deaths. Physicians and medical regulators have responded to this public health crisis by developing the 2017 Canadian Guideline for Opioids for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain. The new evidence-based guideline aims to encourage safe prescribing practices, reduce and eliminate the use of opioid analgesics and promote non-opioid pharmacotherapy. While clear clinical guidelines will optimize physician prescribing patterns, it is imperative to recognize the need for non-pharmacological modalities for pain management, treatment, and care to holistically address the complex roots of opioid abuse.
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Gonzalez, María Carolina, Janine I. Rossato, Andressa Radiske, Lia R. M. Bevilaqua und Martín Cammarota. „Dopamine controls whether new declarative information updates reactivated memories through reconsolidation“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, Nr. 29 (12.07.2021): e2025275118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025275118.
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Consolidation and reconsolidation are independent memory processes. Consolidation stabilizes new memories, whereas reconsolidation restabilizes memories destabilized when reactivated during recall. However, the biological role of the destabilization/reconsolidation cycle is still unknown. It has been hypothesized that reconsolidation links new information with reactivated memories, but some reports suggest that new and old memories are associated through consolidation mechanisms instead. Object-recognition memory (ORM) serves to judge the familiarity of items and is essential for remembering previous events. We took advantage of the fact that ORM consolidation, destabilization, and reconsolidation can be pharmacologically dissociated to demonstrate that, depending on the activation state of hippocampal dopamine D1/D5 receptors, the memory of a novel object presented during recall of the memory of a familiar one can be formed via reconsolidation or consolidation, but only reconsolidation can link them. We also found that recognition memories formed through reconsolidation can be destabilized even if indirectly reactivated. Our results indicate that dopamine couples novelty detection with memory destabilization to determine whether a new recognition trace is associated with an active network and suggest that declarative reminders should be used with caution during reconsolidation-based psychotherapeutic interventions.
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Mutsvairo, Bruce, und Saba Bebawi. „Journalism Educators, Regulatory Realities, and Pedagogical Predicaments of the “Fake News” Era: A Comparative Perspective on the Middle East and Africa“. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 74, Nr. 2 (13.03.2019): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077695819833552.
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From diplomatic spats between Qatar and Saudi Arabia to ubiquitous deceptive “news” updates purportedly sent by the Eritrean government urging all men to marry two wives or risk imprisonment, the future of fact-based reporting appears uncertain as mass media recipients world over become accustomed to consuming “fake news.” Despite the exponential expansion of journalism educators in the Middle East and Africa, several curriculums in these regions have been struggling to cope with the rising dominance of the “fake news” movement. Both regions have a well-documented appetite for conspiracy theories and indeed the power of disinformation and propaganda, which seem to have gathered steam in the wake of deliberate dissemination of hoaxes or sensationalist stories predominantly distributed via social media platforms, potentially posing a threat to the credibility of journalism. This article provides an updated state of affairs on the expansion of “fake news” in the Middle East and Africa arguing after an explorative examination of 10 journalism curriculums that educators need to focus on local contexts when preparing journalism modules. Although it is important to discuss global trends, developments, controversies, debates, and discussions involving the “fake news” movement, we think future journalists from both regions would benefit from media literacy courses that identify the difference between fact and fiction in relation to their own contexts. This is relevant because current pedagogical approaches appear influenced by developments abroad especially in these countries’ past colonial masters.
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Molica, Stefano. „Chronic lymphocytic leukemia paradigm continues to be refined: news from the American Society of Hematology 2018 annual meeting“. International Journal of Hematologic Oncology 8, Nr. 2 (August 2019): IJH14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/ijh-2019-0001.
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There were a number of important updates and advances presented at the 2018 Annual American Society of Hematology meeting. With respect to the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the American Society of Hematology 2018 was notable for an improved understanding of ibrutinib-based therapies. In fact, three prospective Phase III trials presented at the meeting indicate, in turn, that ibrutinib alone, ibrutinib plus rituximab, or ibrutinib plus obinutuzumab, should be the new standard of care for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However, additional clinical trials comparing chemo-immunotherapy with ibrutinib alone or in association with an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody remain a reasonable avenue to complete results of these large studies.
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Gál, Angelika. „THE STUDY OF THE HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE USE IN SLOVAK SECONDARY SCHOOLS“. Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 14, Nr. 3 (02.10.2020): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2020-14-3-411-417.
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The variety of Hungarian spoken in Slovakia is widely used in elevated functions, since it is the language of culture, and several areas of education [Lanstyák 1996; Šenkár 2019; Tóth 2019; Németh 2020; Vančo 2020] despite the fact that the curricula are based on the Hungary Hungarian standard [Kozmács-Vančo 2016]. István Lanstyák conducted a study in 2000 to explore the differences between the use of the Hungarian language in Slovakia and Hungary. The aim of the present paper is to examine how language use in Slovakia and Hungary has changed over the past two decades: it updates the previous data and investigates to what extent Hungarian language use has changed and what the reasons for these changes are. Empirical data were collected using a questionnaire. In order to provide data comparable to earlier findings, it was put together based on a previous questionnaire by István Lanstyák and Gizella Szabómihály [1997], which they compiled at the end of the 1990’s to collect the linguistic data they later analyzed in a monograph entitled A magyar nyelv Szlovákiában (‘The Hungarian language in Slovakia’) [Lanstyák 2000]. This original questionnaire was revised and updated according to the cultural and communicational changes which have taken place since then.
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Gao, Xin, Gengxin Duan und Chunguang Lan. „Bayesian Updates for an Extreme Value Distribution Model of Bridge Traffic Load Effect Based on SHM Data“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 15 (02.08.2021): 8631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158631.
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As the distribution function of traffic load effect on bridge structures has always been unknown or very complicated, a probability model of extreme traffic load effect during service periods has not yet been perfectly predicted by the traditional extreme value theory. Here, we focus on this problem and introduce a novel method based on the bridge structural health monitoring data. The method was based on the fact that the tails of the probability distribution governed the behavior of extreme values. The generalized Pareto distribution was applied to model the tail distribution of traffic load effect using the peak-over-threshold method, while the filtered Poisson process was used to model the traffic load effect stochastic process. The parameters of the extreme value distribution of traffic load effect during a service period could be determined by theoretical derivation if the parameters of tail distribution were estimated. Moreover, Bayes’ theorem was applied to update the distribution model to reduce the statistical uncertainty. Finally, the rationality of the proposed method was applied to analyze the monitoring data of concrete-filled steel tube arch bridge suspenders. The results proved that the approach was convenient and found that the extreme value distribution type III might be more suitable as the traffic load effect probability model.
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Zwolak, Karolina, Łukasz Marchel, Aileen Bohan, Masanao Sumiyoshi, Jaya Roperez, Artur Grządziel, Rochelle Ann Wigley und Sattiabaruth Seeboruth. „Automatic Identification of Internal Wave Characteristics Affecting Bathymetric Measurement Based on Multibeam Echosounder Water Column Data Analysis“. Energies 14, Nr. 16 (05.08.2021): 4774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164774.
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The accuracy of multibeam echosounder bathymetric measurement depends on the accuracy of the data of the sound speed layers within the water column. This is necessary for the correct modeling of ray bending. It is assumed that the sound speed layers are horizontal and static, according to the sound speed profile traditionally used in the depth calculation. In fact, the boundaries between varying water masses can be curved and oscillate. It is difficult to assess the parameters of these movements based on the sparse sampling of sound velocity profiles (SVP) collected through a survey; thus, alternative or augmented methods are needed to obtain information about water mass stratification for the time of a particular ping or a series of pings. The process of water column data collection and analysis is presented in this paper. The proposed method updates the sound speed profile by the automated detection of varying water mass boundaries, giving the option to adjust the SVP for each beam separately. This can increase the overall accuracy of a bathymetric survey and provide additional oceanographic data about the study area.
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Ahmed, Danish, Mohammed Nayeemuddin, Tahar Ayadat und Andi Asiz. „Computing Competency for Civil Engineering Graduates: Recent Updates and Developments in Saudi Arabia and the US“. International Journal of Higher Education 10, Nr. 6 (11.06.2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v10n6p57.
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This paper discusses recent updates and developments of computing-based courses in the civil engineering discipline. Competency in computing is one of the most important capabilities for university graduates to obtain given the rapid development of computer technology in professional work. Civil engineering is no exception. In fact, many contemporary civil engineering projects require a high degree of computing skills, ranging from performing basic office work to programming for decision support system application in controlling flood water gates to executing construction automation via digital printing technology. However, the curriculum content for computing in civil engineering has been developmentally stagnant in the past several decades. This could be partly due to learning outcomes for civil engineering graduates, which do not explicitly mention a certain degree of achievement with respect to computing skills. Several computing-based courses offered in various civil engineering programs across Saudi Arabia and the US were examined, and their contents were compared to recent survey results administered by the American Society of Civil Engineering Technical Committee on Computing and Information Technology. The discussion is extended by examining technical courses offered in the Civil Engineering Program in Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University with respect to computing skills. The outcomes of this study are expected to give input and suggestions for future upgrades of computing-based courses offered within the civil engineering curriculum.
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Ahmad, Anmol, und Fizza Farrukh. „Analyzing Speech Acts In The Pakistani Social Media Scenario: A Gender-Based Comparison“. Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 15, Nr. 1 (08.09.2017): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v15i1.126.
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Gender studies have been an invigorating field of study under numerous lenses. Such explorations explore the inimitable distinctiveness and resemblance between the two genders. Correspondingly, this study focuses particularly on written communication of Pakistanis. Utilizing Searle’s Taxonomy for Speech Acts (1969) and Wulandari (2014)’s Taxonomy for Speech Act Functions, this research investigates differences and similarities of language use among Males and Females on the online social platforms of Facebook and Twitter. Data comprises of a thousand utterances accounted from selected social mediums. Results reveal Pakistani Males tend to use Expressive Acts often within their language while updating their status messages on Facebook and Twitter; contrastingly, Pakistani Females prefer to employ the Directive and Assertive Acts frequently in their language used in Facebook and Twitter status updates. Furthermore, Pakistani Males utilize the medium for informing their potential audience about various topics. While, Pakistani Females make use of the status messages to achieve multiple purposes, including: informing, suggesting and asserting. Through application of ANOVA, study’s results validate linguistic differences in language use of Pakistani Males and Females. It corroborates the fact that gender-based differences are part of the identity of a person and these are reflected through the medium of language elaborately.
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Santoso, Adi Nugroho, und Made Dharma Astawa. „PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF 34 FLOORS BUILDING STRUCTURE IN SURABAYA BASED ON SNI 1726:2012 AND SNI 1726:2019“. Jurnal Teknik Sipil 18, Nr. 2 (01.10.2022): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/jts.v18i2.3807.
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Indonesia has undergone several earthquake regulations updates, starting from Peraturan Muatan Indonesia 1970 to SNI 1726:2019. This update requires earthquake loads with a larger return period. This has an impact on the existing buildings that were planned to use the old regulations. It is feared that the building does not meet the requirements required by the new regulations, so a review of the performance of the building is needed. This research will use a case study of a Cornell apartment building with 34 floors in the city of Surabaya, which is planned based on SNI 1726:2012 with concrete regulations SNI 2847:2013 and will be evaluated with SNI 1726:2019. The analysis uses Performance Based Design with the Nonlinear Time History Analysis method which was carried out in the 2016 ETABS program. The background to the use of the Performance Based Design method is its use which is quite easy to apply and can also be used to measure the efficiency of the structure being reviewed. The use of Nonlinear Time History Analysis is based on the fact that the use of this method has been regulated in SNI 1726:2019 and the use of this method is considered closest to the actual conditions in the field. Nonlinear Time History analysis in this study uses time history data from the Chichi earthquake in Taiwan in 1999. The evaluation of building performance is based on the performance level refer to FEMA 356. The results of the case study on the comparison of the two regulations show that there is an increase in the basic earthquake force by 1.02%. Meanwhile, in relation to drift ratio analysis, an increase of 1% on the X axis and 5.5% on the Y axis is obtained.
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Pratticò, Filippo Gabriele, Federico De Lorenzis, Davide Calandra, Alberto Cannavò und Fabrizio Lamberti. „Exploring Simulation-Based Virtual Reality as a Mock-Up Tool to Support the Design of First Responders Training“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 16 (17.08.2021): 7527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167527.
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Intervention by First Responders (FRs) is essential in disaster response, and their preparation greatly benefits from continuous updates. However, the design of effective training experiences targeted to FRs can be very demanding from the viewpoint of a Training Provisioner (TP). Virtual Reality (VR) may have a key role to play in enhancing and facilitating this task. In fact, VR technology has already proven to be very helpful in the field of emergency training, as well as its use as a powerful design and mock-up tool in many other contexts. In this work, the application of VR as a mock-up tool supporting TPs in the arrangement and validation of a training experience, either real or virtual, is explored. In particular, a case study is considered concerning the training of an FR for hydro-geological risks. Within this context, the proposed approach is compared against dramaturgy prototyping, a method commonly used for the design of experiential courses. Results indicate that the adoption of a VR-based mock-up tool (VRMT) can provide TPs with good insights on the arrangement of the training and precious indications on how to actually map this information onto real-world exercises.
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Li, Qifeng, Xinyi Tang und Yi Jian. „Learning to Reason on Tree Structures for Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering“. Sensors 22, Nr. 4 (17.02.2022): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041575.
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Collaborative reasoning for knowledge-based visual question answering is challenging but vital and efficient in understanding the features of the images and questions. While previous methods jointly fuse all kinds of features by attention mechanism or use handcrafted rules to generate a layout for performing compositional reasoning, which lacks the process of visual reasoning and introduces a large number of parameters for predicting the correct answer. For conducting visual reasoning on all kinds of image–question pairs, in this paper, we propose a novel reasoning model of a question-guided tree structure with a knowledge base (QGTSKB) for addressing these problems. In addition, our model consists of four neural module networks: the attention model that locates attended regions based on the image features and question embeddings by attention mechanism, the gated reasoning model that forgets and updates the fused features, the fusion reasoning model that mines high-level semantics of the attended visual features and knowledge base and knowledge-based fact model that makes up for the lack of visual and textual information with external knowledge. Therefore, our model performs visual analysis and reasoning based on tree structures, knowledge base and four neural module networks. Experimental results show that our model achieves superior performance over existing methods on the VQA v2.0 and CLVER dataset, and visual reasoning experiments prove the interpretability of the model.
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Ruiz Ciancio, Dario, Mauricio Vargas, William Thiel, Martin Bruno, Paloma Giangrande und María Mestre. „Aptamers as Diagnostic Tools in Cancer“. Pharmaceuticals 11, Nr. 3 (11.09.2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph11030086.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Researchers have been working hard on investigating not only improved therapeutics but also on early detection methods, both critical to increasing treatment efficacy, and developing methods for disease prevention. The use of nucleic acids, or aptamers, has emerged as more specific and accurate cancer diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that recognize specific targets based on unique three-dimensional conformations. Despite the fact aptamer development has been mainly restricted to laboratory settings, the unique attributes of these molecules suggest their high potential for clinical advances in cancer detection. Aptamers can be selected for a wide range of targets, and also linked with an extensive variety of diagnostic agents, via physical or chemical conjugation, to improve previously-established detection methods or to be used as novel biosensors for cancer diagnosis. Consequently, herein we review the principal considerations and recent updates in cancer detection and imaging through aptamer-based molecules.
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Ismail, Heba, Adel Khelifi und Saad Harous. „A Cognitive Style Based Framework for Usability Evaluation of Online Lecturing Platforms – A Case Study on Zoom and Teams“. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 12, Nr. 1 (10.02.2022): 104–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v12i1.25295.
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Recently, Zoom and Microsoft Teams have emerged as the most common tools for lecturing activities in higher education institutions. The fact that these platforms were not originally developed for educational purposes resulted in a significant reduction in learning effectiveness, especially in STEM subjects that require a lot of practical knowledge. Despite the enhancements and updates made to these platforms, they have failed to meet the learning effectiveness criteria. A major hindering to learning effectiveness on such systems can be traced not only to the absence of learning-related features but also to their usability. In this research, we propose a framework for evaluating the usability of online lecturing platforms. The proposed framework introduces a new set of heuristics that are specifically designed for lecturing activities and considers VAK learning styles. Since students with different learning styles learn differently, we developed the first cognitive style-based usability heuristics that can reliably assess the usability of online learning environments for various types of learners. We present a case study that uses the suggested evaluation framework to assess the usability of Zoom and Teams in higher education lecturing activities. The findings of this study, however, can be applied to almost any online lecture platform.
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Rastenis, Justinas, Simona Ramanauskaitė, Ivan Suzdalev, Kornelija Tunaitytė, Justinas Janulevičius und Antanas Čenys. „Multi-Language Spam/Phishing Classification by Email Body Text: Toward Automated Security Incident Investigation“. Electronics 10, Nr. 6 (12.03.2021): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060668.
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Spamming and phishing are two types of emailing that are annoying and unwanted, differing by the potential threat and impact to the user. Automated classification of these categories can increase the users’ awareness as well as to be used for incident investigation prioritization or automated fact gathering. However, currently there are no scientific papers focusing on email classification concerning these two categories of spam and phishing emails. Therefore this paper presents a solution, based on email message body text automated classification into spam and phishing emails. We apply the proposed solution for email classification, written in three languages: English, Russian, and Lithuanian. As most public email datasets almost exclusively collect English emails, we investigate the suitability of automated dataset translation to adapt it to email classification, written in other languages. Experiments on public dataset usage limitations for a specific organization are executed in this paper to evaluate the need of dataset updates for more accurate classification results.
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Vilas-Boas, Filipe, und Guilherme Macedo. „Management Guidelines for Pancreatic Cystic Lesions: Should we Adopt or Adapt the Current Roadmaps?“ Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases 28, Nr. 4 (09.12.2019): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.15403/jgld-341.
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Pancreatic cystic lesions are very prevalent, especially in elderly patients and are increasingly being diagnosed because of the massive use of cross sectional imaging. Our knowledge about the natural history of these lesions is limited, especially in the case of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. This fact explains why scientific societies guidelines statements are based on evidence graded as very low quality and helps the understanding of some of the different guidelines recommendations. Several guidelines have been recently revised to incorporate the new evidence published in the literature with the aim to help clinicians make the best decisions. American Gastroenterological Association guidelines, a revision of the International Consensus Guidelines, the American College of Gastroenterology and the European Study Group guidelines are the most recent. Herein we review the current guidelines on pancreatic cysts and focus our discussion on controversies and updates about the best imaging modalities, the indications for endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration, cyst fluid analysis, indications for resection and surveillance strategies.
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An, Bo, David Kempe, Christopher Kiekintveld, Eric Shieh, Satinder Singh, Milind Tambe und Yevgeniy Vorobeychik. „Security Games with Limited Surveillance“. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 26, Nr. 1 (20.09.2021): 1241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v26i1.8236.
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Randomized first-mover strategies of Stackelberg games are used in several deployed applications to allocate limited resources for the protection of critical infrastructure. Stackelberg games model the fact that a strategic attacker can surveil and exploit the defender's strategy, and randomization guards against the worst effects by making the defender less predictable. In accordance with the standard game-theoretic model of Stackelberg games, past work has typically assumed that the attacker has perfect knowledge of the defender's randomized strategy and will react correspondingly. In light of the fact that surveillance is costly, risky, and delays an attack, this assumption is clearly simplistic: attackers will usually act on partial knowledge of the defender's strategies. The attacker's imperfect estimate could present opportunities and possibly also threats to a strategic defender.In this paper, we therefore begin a systematic study of security games with limited surveillance. We propose a natural model wherein an attacker forms or updates a belief based on observed actions, and chooses an optimal response. We investigate the model both theoretically and experimentally. In particular, we give mathematical programs to compute optimal attacker and defender strategies for a fixed observation duration, and show how to use them to estimate the attacker's observation durations. Our experimental results show that the defender can achieve significant improvement in expected utility by taking the attacker's limited surveillance into account, validating the motivation of our work.
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Dibangoye, Jilles Steeve, Christopher Amato, Olivier Buffet und François Charpillet. „Optimally Solving Dec-POMDPs as Continuous-State MDPs“. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 55 (24.02.2016): 443–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4623.
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Decentralized partially observable Markov decision processes (Dec-POMDPs) provide a general model for decision-making under uncertainty in decentralized settings, but are difficult to solve optimally (NEXP-Complete). As a new way of solving these problems, we introduce the idea of transforming a Dec-POMDP into a continuous-state deterministic MDP with a piecewise-linear and convex value function. This approach makes use of the fact that planning can be accomplished in a centralized offline manner, while execution can still be decentralized. This new Dec-POMDP formulation, which we call an occupancy MDP, allows powerful POMDP and continuous-state MDP methods to be used for the first time. To provide scalability, we refine this approach by combining heuristic search and compact representations that exploit the structure present in multi-agent domains, without losing the ability to converge to an optimal solution. In particular, we introduce a feature-based heuristic search value iteration (FB-HSVI) algorithm that relies on feature-based compact representations, point-based updates and efficient action selection. A theoretical analysis demonstrates that FB-HSVI terminates in finite time with an optimal solution. We include an extensive empirical analysis using well-known benchmarks, thereby demonstrating that our approach provides significant scalability improvements compared to the state of the art.
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Li, Yuansheng, Ping Wei, Mingyi You, Yifan Wei und Huaguo Zhang. „Joint Detection, Tracking, and Classification of Multiple Extended Objects Based on the JDTC-PMBM-GGIW Filter“. Remote Sensing 15, Nr. 4 (05.02.2023): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15040887.
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This paper focuses on the problem of joint detection, tracking, and classification (JDTC) for multiple extended objects (EOs) within a Poisson multi-Bernoulli (MB) mixture (PMBM) filter, where an EO is described as an ellipse, and the ellipse is modeled by a random matrix. The EOs are classified according to the size information of the ellipse. Usually, detection, tracking, and classification are processed step-by-step. However, step-by-step processing ignores the coupling relationship between detection, tracking, and classification, resulting in information loss. In fact, detection, tracking, and classification affect each other, and JDTC is expected to be beneficial for achieving better overall performance. In the multi-target tracking problem based on RFS, the overall performance of the PMBM filter satisfying the conjugate priors has been verified to be superior to other filters. Specifically, the PMBM filter propagates multiple MB simultaneously during iterative updates and model the distribution of hitherto undetected EOs. At present, the PMBM filter is only applied to multiple extended objects tracking problem. Therefore, we consider using the PMBM filter to solve the JDTC problem of multiple EOs and further improve JDTC performance. Furthermore, the closed-form implementation based on the product of a gamma Gaussian inverse Wishart (GGIW) and class probability mass function (PMF) is proposed. The details of parameters calculation in the implementation process and the derivation of class PMF are presented in this paper. Simulation experiments verify that the proposed algorithm, named the JDTC-PMBM-GGIW filter, performs well in comparison to the existing JDTC strategies for multiple extended objects.
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Hu, Yuheng, Lydia Manikonda und Subbarao Kambhampati. „What We Instagram: A First Analysis of Instagram Photo Content and User Types“. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 8, Nr. 1 (16.05.2014): 595–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v8i1.14578.
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Instagram is a relatively new form of communication where users can easily share their updates by taking photos and tweaking them using filters. It has seen rapid growth in the number of users as well as uploads since it was launched in October 2010. In spite of the fact that it is the most popular photo capturing and sharing application, it has attracted relatively less attention from the research community. In this paper, we present both qualitative and quantitative analysis on Instagram. We use computer vision techniques to examine the photo content. Based on that, we identify the different types of active users on Instagram using clustering. Our results reveal several insights about Instagram which were never studied before, that include: 1) Eight popular photos categories, 2) Five distinct types of Instagram users in terms of their posted photos, and 3) A user's audience (number of followers) is independent of his/her shared photos on Instagram. To our knowledge, this is the first in-depth study of content and users on Instagram.
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Borah, Upasana, Monika Bharati, Mukesh Chopra und Abhishek Bharati. „Concept of Law, Dharma and Justice: An Insight to Hindu Jurisprudence“. Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, Nr. 2 (01.10.2020): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i2.3431.
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Any authorities could have a robust foundation for its survival, “if it’s far based on liberty and justice”. Justice below regulation with out social justice, now no longer has any which means or significance. It isn’t any any doubt that humans due to the fact instances immemorial was hoping for justice and its survival always and ‘justice’ has been the watchword of all foremost social and political reform movements. Endless and ceaseless efforts have been made to abolish in justice, tyranny and exploitation. In the not unusual place parlance justice is equated with the whole thing this is good, mercy, charity and truth and different equal expressions. However, with inside the phrases of a Greek philosopher Thrasymachus, it can’t be described because the interest of thestronger. Justice isn’t always an irrational concept and the search for it’s far an everlasting quest. As a Hindu we in no way neglect about and notice the picture graph of a few preeminent Divine beings, for example, Rama, Krishna, Shiva, Durga beneath neath the state of affairs of Paap Punya or a signal of judgment, and recollect because the incomparable jury of our the whole thing works. Dharma is moreover an equal phrase of Justice. In the Hindu society Dharma has dependably been taken into consideration as signal of Justice and its all updates or implications take us to the demonstrations of legal guidelines whether or not it is going beneath neath the existing time or historic time. Slam is continuously taken into consideration as a Saint and Maryadapurushottam due to the fact Ramayan period. He is likewise taken into consideration as a supporter and spreader of Dharma which dependably paintings for the development of character and a dwelling society.Also, on this manner there have been several similitudes noticed due to the fact historic time.
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Linaa Jensen, Jakob, und Anne Scott Sørensen. „“Nobody has 257 Friends”“. Nordicom Review 34, Nr. 1 (01.07.2013): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2013-0042.
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Abstract In the present article, we discuss norms of friendship and privacy on social network sites by examining strategies of privacy among users, arguing that tacit norms of friendship are now more easily observed. The article is based on a quantitative survey among 1710 Internet users in Denmark, among them 970 Facebook users, subsequent focus group meetings with 20 respondents and finally access to their profiles for a period of twelve months. In line with the research literature on social network sites, our study shows that users’ “friends” consist of a variety of strong, weak and even latent ties and thus supports notions such as social divergence and networked publics, suggested by danah boyd. Regarding privacy issues, we distinguish between level of access to information on participants’ profiles and the way participants perform on their profiles, the level of intimacy. As to the first level most respondents seem to emphasize whom they friend, while they do not distinguish among friends once they are in; everybody is treated equally. As to the second level, our research deviates from findings suggesting that in particular young people are rather unaware of risks, as we can identify what we call a “cautious sensible” strategy in all age groups that allows users to be cautious without being too self-restrictive. Regarding the status updates, we identify a schism between saying and doing, as our respondents tend to downgrade small talk in the focus groups, whereas their profiles reveal that they in fact do engage in small talk. We understand this seeming paradox in a generic and linguistic perspective, using the notions of phatic and indexical communication, respectively, in an analysis of the status updates on the profiles.
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Chatterjee, Subhashis, und Ankur Shukla. „An Ideal Software Release Policy for an Improved Software Reliability Growth Model Incorporating Imperfect Debugging with Fault Removal Efficiency and Change Point“. Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 34, Nr. 03 (Juni 2017): 1740017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217595917400176.
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This paper presents a general software reliability growth model (SRGM) based on non-homogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) and optimal software release policy with cost and reliability criteria. The main motive of this study is to develop a software release time decision model considering maintenance cost and warranty cost under fuzzy environment. In previous studies, maintenance cost has been defined either in terms of warranty cost or fault debugging cost. In reality, maintenance cost includes the cost of free patches, updates, technical support and future enhancement. Also, it is possible that maintenance process causes the removal of software faults in the operational phase including the faults which occur outside the warranty period or warranty definition. In other words, warranty action may be included the maintenance action, but not the converse. Considering this fact, maintenance cost and warranty cost are defined separately in the proposed study. Initially, an SRGM has been proposed with the revised concept of imperfect debugging phenomenon considering fault removal efficiency (FRE). Furthermore, the effect of changes in various environmental factors on models parameters has been taken into account. Numerical examples based on real software failure data sets have been given to analyze the performance of the proposed models.
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Rini, Poppy Laksita. „FAKTOR KUNCI KEBERHASILAN MANAJEMEN RANTAI PASOKAN PENANGANAN BENCANA ALAM DALAM PERSPEKTIF PEMERINTAH“. Jurnal Fokus Manajemen Bisnis 10, Nr. 1 (24.04.2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/fokus.v10i1.1675.
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Disaster supply chain management is different from the supply chain management of commercial organization because of the high level of uncertainty. The high level of uncertainty significantly affects the availability of logistic supplies that are needed by the victims of the disaster. This study discovers the key success factors of the disaster supply chain management based on the perspective of the government. The re- search specifically study the Government of the D.I. Yogyakarta that are represented by Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD). Due the fact that Yogyakarta as one of the regions that have the high risk of catastrophic nature in Indonesia. The study will be carried out in a qualitative methodology by conducting deep interview with the Representative of Logistics Department in BPBD. The results of in-depth interviews with four representative of BPBD found that there are six key success factors of disasater management supply chain management which are : (1) Quality of the TRC Team Assessment Results; (2) BPBD Coordination with Government and Non-Government; (3) Effective Rules and Regulations; (4) Character and Attitude of the Community in Dealing with Disasters; (5) BPBD Warehouse Inventory Management; (6) Management Information Systems and Data Updates.
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Speziale, Pietro, Carla Renata Arciola und Giampiero Pietrocola. „Fibronectin and Its Role in Human Infective Diseases“. Cells 8, Nr. 12 (26.11.2019): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8121516.
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Fibronectin is a multidomain glycoprotein ubiquitously detected in extracellular fluids and matrices of a variety of animal and human tissues where it functions as a key link between matrices and cells. Fibronectin has also emerged as the target for a large number of microorganisms, particularly bacteria. There are clear indications that the binding of microorganism’ receptors to fibronectin promotes attachment to and infection of host cells. Each bacterium may use different receptors which recognize specific fibronectin domains, mostly the N-terminal domain and the central cell-binding domain. In many cases, fibronectin receptors have actions over and above that of simple adhesion: In fact, adhesion is often the prerequisite for invasion and internalization of microorganisms in the cells of colonized tissues. This review updates the current understanding of fibronectin receptors of several microorganisms with emphasis on their biochemical and structural properties and the role they can play in the onset and progression of host infection diseases. Furthermore, we describe the antigenic profile and discuss the possibility of designing adhesion inhibitors based on the structure of the fibronectin-binding site in the receptor or the receptor-binding site in fibronectin.
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Averin, E. E., A. E. Nikitin, I. G. Nikitin und A. V. Sozykin. „The place of ramipril in modern guidelines for the management of patients with cardiovascular diseases“. Medical Council, Nr. 21 (20.01.2019): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2018-21-34-41.
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Updates of clinical guidelines and publication of new research results entail changes in our approaches to diagnosing diseases and treating patients, as well as revising the criteria for choosing a particular drug to a specific patient. We are based on the fact that when managing patients with hypertension it is immediately necessary to use those classes of drugs and individual molecules that have proven to be highly effective, safe and adherent throughout the entire cardiovascular continuum. It is understood that the drugs should be shown in IHD and CHF. Among the ACE inhibitors, ramipril meets this requirement. Often, the choice falls precisely on ramipril because a convenient intake once a day at any time of the day and regardless of the meal increases the patient’s adherence to therapy. A wide range of indications, such as hypertension, chronic heart failure, post-infarction patients, diabetic and non-diabetic nephropathy, as well as a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular accidents, including in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, are a serious additional argument in favor of a wide range of ramipril. Moreover, ramipril can reduce the risk of developing new cases of diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal failure.
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Badawi, Andi Irpan, Nurhudaeni Rahmiani, Muhammad Nurcholis Setiawan und Ashar Prawitno. „Towards a Universal Health Coverage in the Pandemic COVID-19: Study on the Low Participation of Health National (JKN) in the District Bulukumba“. Journal Research of Social, Science, Economics, and Management 1, Nr. 6 (13.01.2021): 632–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/jrssem.v1i6.71.
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The implementation of the National Health Insurance (JKN) program is aimed at realizing the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals), namely achieving UHC (Universal Health Coverage) commitments in Indonesia. However, until now there are still many residents, especially in Bulukumba Regency, who are not registered for JKN membership. In fact, JKN participation greatly helps the accessibility of health services and overcomes obstacles to medical expenses, especially for low-income people. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors causing the low JKN membership and formulate efforts to increase JKN participation in Bulukumba Regency. This research method is a qualitative research with the determination of informants using purposive techniques. This research was conducted in Bulukumba Regency in June 2021. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observations, documentation, and literature studies, then the data were analyzed using fishbone diagrams. The results showed that the factors causing the low JKN participation in Bulukumba Regency, namely low education level, the majority work as farmers, do not know the JKN registration process, do not understand the health insurance system, lack of socialization, the formation of a stigma regarding differences in health services between JKN participants and patients. general, apathetic family heads, the data bank in the Integrated Social Welfare Data (DTKS) has no updates, there is no synchronization of data for the poor, and there is a quota system for the JKN PBI APBD. Based on this, it can be concluded that the cause of the low JKN participation in Bulukumba Regency arises from problems from the community and the government. Therefore, it is necessary to update the data at DTKS regularly and provide education and socialization to the public regarding the health insurance system and JKN program, then form an Independent Institution to foster community enthusiasm to register as JKN participants.
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Svensson, Göran, und Rocio Rodriguez. „A Laissez-Faire Strategy Marked by Blinkers to Fulfill Established Pandemic Goals—The Case of Sweden“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 18 (10.09.2021): 9551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189551.
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Objectives: To examine (i.e., contextualize and visualize) the consequences of a laissez-faire strategy characterized by blinkers to fulfill established pandemic goals. The aim is to shed light on the implementation of pandemic measures based on post hoc (after-the-fact) reactions and actions instead of pre hoc ones (in advance). Study Design: This study is based on weekly updates of pandemic variables (i.e., cases, tests, percentage of positive tests, hospitalizations, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions, deceased, and 7- and 14-day incidence) in Sweden from the start of the pandemic in March 2020 until March 2021. Method: This study reports the empirical findings based on Swedish pandemic variables during 52 consecutive weeks, related to the pandemic, all of which has been divided into three time periods to separate the 1st and 2nd waves of the pandemic, and considers them all together as one time period. Results: The findings illustrate the implementation of pandemic measures and the subsequent consequences of a laissez-faire strategy characterized by blinkers. People become diseased and then deceased. This reveals strong associations between the assessed pandemic variables and its subsequent consequences on morbidity and mortality, based on post hoc reactions and actions. Conclusions: The implementation of a pandemic strategy should react and act pre hoc, and to take the safe with the unsafe. Governments and public health agencies should take into account the inevitable associations between pandemic variables. Intertwined pre hoc measures of prevention, enforcement, and monitoring should be implemented in society to avoid the implementation of a laissez-faire strategy based on post hoc reactions and actions.
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Et. al., Ali Abdul Razzaq Taresh,. „Proposal For A Management System For The Operation Of A Hybrid Network Platform Based On TDM Network Technology Migrating To Next-Generation NGN Networks“. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, Nr. 5 (11.04.2021): 1281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i5.1795.
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Develop a proposal for a management model that allows, through knowledge management, to preserve the quality of services during the technological evolution of networks in a telecommunications company. Today, BaghTel is considered the main telecommunications company in Iraq and some time ago it was acquired by the Iraqi government, which has generated a significant organizational transformation, added to the fact of the rapid technological evolution and the strong competition of the sector. These factors give rise to concern on the part of certain units regarding which management model can best adapt to these changes. In addition to these reasons, there is a need for companies like BaghTel to improve the management of this type of updates or migrations, which would later translate into improvements in the quality of services provided by the company. This study seeks to propose a management model that allows optimizing the administration of networks and services, during the organizational transformation processes that occur in a telecommunications company as a result of today's technological evolution. The importance of this work lies in the opportunity to optimize, through a management model, the way to control an important technological change, which will ensure and improve the service levels that any telecommunications company provides to its end users. The final process, measures and assessments, include a viewing and use of management indicators of the results obtained in BaghTel's Specialist Networks Management; this consists essentially of a periodic monitoring and evaluation of the key variables in the management of the TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) and NGN (next generation of networks) networks;
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Alkhelaiwi, Munirah, Wadii Boulila, Jawad Ahmad, Anis Koubaa und Maha Driss. „An Efficient Approach Based on Privacy-Preserving Deep Learning for Satellite Image Classification“. Remote Sensing 13, Nr. 11 (06.06.2021): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13112221.
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Satellite images have drawn increasing interest from a wide variety of users, including business and government, ever since their increased usage in important fields ranging from weather, forestry and agriculture to surface changes and biodiversity monitoring. Recent updates in the field have also introduced various deep learning (DL) architectures to satellite imagery as a means of extracting useful information. However, this new approach comes with its own issues, including the fact that many users utilize ready-made cloud services (both public and private) in order to take advantage of built-in DL algorithms and thus avoid the complexity of developing their own DL architectures. However, this presents new challenges to protecting data against unauthorized access, mining and usage of sensitive information extracted from that data. Therefore, new privacy concerns regarding sensitive data in satellite images have arisen. This research proposes an efficient approach that takes advantage of privacy-preserving deep learning (PPDL)-based techniques to address privacy concerns regarding data from satellite images when applying public DL models. In this paper, we proposed a partially homomorphic encryption scheme (a Paillier scheme), which enables processing of confidential information without exposure of the underlying data. Our method achieves robust results when applied to a custom convolutional neural network (CNN) as well as to existing transfer learning methods. The proposed encryption scheme also allows for training CNN models on encrypted data directly, which requires lower computational overhead. Our experiments have been performed on a real-world dataset covering several regions across Saudi Arabia. The results demonstrate that our CNN-based models were able to retain data utility while maintaining data privacy. Security parameters such as correlation coefficient (−0.004), entropy (7.95), energy (0.01), contrast (10.57), number of pixel change rate (4.86), unified average change intensity (33.66), and more are in favor of our proposed encryption scheme. To the best of our knowledge, this research is also one of the first studies that applies PPDL-based techniques to satellite image data in any capacity.
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Hilal, Talal. „Current understanding and approach to well differentiated lung neuroendocrine tumors: an update on classification and management“. Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 9, Nr. 3 (17.11.2016): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758834016678149.
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Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms that can arise from any tissue. They are classified based on embryonic gut derivative (i.e. foregut, midgut and hindgut) with midgut tumors being the most common (e.g. gastrointestinal NET). The second most common category of NETs is that which arises from the lung. In fact, 25% of primary lung cancers are NETs, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which comprises 20% of all lung cancers. The remaining 5% are large cell neuroendocrine cancer (LCNEC, 3%), typical carcinoids (TCs, 1.8%), and atypical carcinoids (ACs, 0.2%). The less common TCs/ACs are well differentiated lung NETs. Their incidence has been increasing in more recent years and although these tumors are slow growing, advanced disease is associated with poor survival. There have been advances in classification of lung NETs that have allowed for more appropriate management upfront. They are cured by surgical resection when disease is limited. However, advanced and metastatic disease requires medical therapy that is ever changing and expanding. In this review, the aim is to summarize the current understanding and classification of well differentiated lung NETs (i.e. TCs and ACs), and focus on recent updates in medical management of advanced disease, along with a brief discussion on potential future discoveries.
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Prajapati, Sanyam. „Quora for IPEC Using MERN Stack“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, Nr. 7 (31.07.2022): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43644.
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Abstract: In Today’s world, technology and communication networks are getting wider day by day. With time and development of technology, people (especially college students) are changing their ways to communicate and educate, they want to stay connected with their peers, seniors, teachers as well as the world too. QUORA FOR IPEC using MERN Stack is a question and answer website which allows users to get connected with people through a digital blogging platform from any distance and consisting of results, blogs, placement records and Question Answer based features to get the latest updates of the environment associated to IPEC. The main focus of this QnA platform is to connect users to their friends, teachers, seniors and peers as well as one can be notified by the Admin to get all incidents and information taking place around the college [1].It's a platform to ask questions and connect with people who contribute unique insights and quality answers [2]. That said, the biggest concern about this type of crowd-sourced information is whether the information given is actually factual, or at least, completely correct. Luckily, many of these woes are eased due to the fact that industry experts, college pass outs and teachers can often use QUORA FOR IPEC for rectifications and to provide answers.
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Remondes-Costa, Sónia, Filipa Magalhães, Inês Martins, André Louro, Martim Santos und M. Graça Pereira. „Application of hypnosis in psychOncology: A review of the literature“. Análise Psicológica 39, Nr. 2 (30.11.2021): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14417/ap.1859.
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Hypnosis is useful for multiple somatic and psychological disorders, particularly cancer disease-related issues. In fact, the literature points out that hypnosis is effective in helping patients deal with aspects disease related, as well as in reducing the side effects of treatment. This review of the literature aims to summarize and assess the evidence of the usefulness of hypnosis in cancer patients and was conducted based on articles published between 2012 and 2019. The databases used were: B-on, SciELO, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies were assessed. Among 837 studies identified, nine met the inclusion criteria and were selected. The studies were consensual to the effectiveness of hypnosis in reducing a set of symptoms in cancer patients, mainly pain, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and insomnia. However, several methodological limitations were identified. The practice of hypnosis is related to a significant number of techniques and approaches that differ from each other, thus compromising the interpretation and generalization of its effects. This review updates the evidence and suggests that the study of the efficacy of hypnosis in cancer patients is still limited. Further research into the effectiveness and acceptability of hypnosis for cancer patients is recommended.
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Dalui, Mamata, und Biplab K. Sikdar. „A Cache System Design for CMPs with Built-In Coherence Verification“. VLSI Design 2016 (30.10.2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8093614.
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This work reports an effective design of cache system for Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs). It introduces built-in logic for verification of cache coherence in CMPs realizing directory based protocol. It is developed around the cellular automata (CA) machine, invented by John von Neumann in the 1950s. A special class of CA referred to as single length cycle 2-attractor cellular automata (TACA) has been planted to detect the inconsistencies in cache line states of processors’ private caches. The TACA module captures coherence status of the CMPs’ cache system and memorizes any inconsistent recording of the cache line states during the processors’ reference to a memory block. Theory has been developed to empower a TACA to analyse the cache state updates and then to settle to an attractor state indicating quick decision on a faulty recording of cache line status. The introduction of segmentation of the CMPs’ processor pool ensures a better efficiency, in determining the inconsistencies, by reducing the number of computation steps in the verification logic. The hardware requirement for the verification logic points to the fact that the overhead of proposed coherence verification module is much lesser than that of the conventional verification units and is insignificant with respect to the cost involved in CMPs’ cache system.